Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL580

Analysis of Carton Packaging Quality Control Using

Statistical Quality Control Methods at PT XYZ
Ghenni Puja Whardana1 Dwi Irwati2
Pelita Bangsa University Pelita Bangsa University
Industrial Engineering Study Program, Industrial Engineering Study Program,
Faculty of Engineering , Bekasi Regency, Faculty of Engineering, Bekasi Regency,
West Java (17530) West Java (17530)

Muhamaad Najamuddin Dwi Miharja3

Pelita Bangsa University
Industrial Engineering Study Program,
Faculty of Engineering, Bekasi Regency,
West Java (17530)

Abstract:-This research focuses on analyzing the quality costs, namely quality control costs, and the level of product
control of cardboard box packaging at PT XYZ using the damage produced is very low or only a few damaged
Seven Tools method. The main problem faced by the products occur. Quality is one of the important dimensions in
company is the high level of defects in the cardboard box products and processes, this will show the competitive
products produced, which has a negative impact on advantage of a company versus other companies
production efficiency and customer satisfaction. The aim (Zonnenshain & Kennet, 2020)[1]
of this research is to analyze the main causes of defects in
cardboard box products and provide suggestions for The business world is becoming more competitive in
improvements that can be implemented by companies. the modern era. Competition is not limited to the domestic
The method used in this research is Statistical Quality market; it is now on the global stage. Any company operating
Control (SQC) which involves the use of Seven Tools, in a highly competitive market must constantly compete with
namely check sheets, Pareto charts, fishbone diagrams other businesses operating in the same sector. All company
and control charts. Using these tools, data regarding tactics and strategies to maintain competitiveness and survive
defects is collected, analyzed, and interpreted to identify in worldwide competition with other companies' products
the main causal factors of quality problems. The analysis have been influenced by quality difficulties (La Hatani, 2007)
results show that certain factors, such as the quality of [2], good quality results from good processes and meets
raw materials, production processes, and operator skills, standards that have been determined based on market needs.
have a significant contribution to the occurrence of A company located in Cikarang, West Java. This company
defects. Based on these findings, this research proposes operates in the logistics, export and import business sectors.
several improvements that can be implemented by PT Company XYZ involves strategic aspects other than standard
XYZ to improve the quality of their cardboard box logistics which include transportation, warehousing,
products. Proposed improvements include increasing packaging and distribution processes and logistics
control over the quality of raw materials, skills training information. One of the advantages of the product is the
for operators, and implementing stricter standard packaging, the appearance of the packaging meets shipping
operational procedures in the production process. By standards for export. However, the packaging process cannot
implementing this proposed improvement, it is hoped that be separated from problems or NG (Not Good) products,
PT XYZ can reduce the level of defects in their products, including dirty, torn and dented products. To analyze the
increase production efficiency, and increase customer factors causing the existence of these NG products, quality
satisfaction. control is needed. The strategy that can be used to control
product quality in each preparation is a factual control
Keywords:- Quality Control, Defect, Seven Tools, Statistical strategy or what is usually called Statistical Quality Control
Quality Control, Why Why Analysis, Improvement Proposals. (SQC), which is a framework created to maintain production
quality measures, at least at a level that uses measurable
I. INTRODUCTION strategies to analyze information.

Quality control must be able to direct several goals in an From packaging data for the last 3 months, Deefct that
integrated manner, so that consumers can be satisfied using has been produced on the packaging line from total
the company's products or services. Quality control is an production is 3125 pcs with a gross defect presentation of
activity that is often carried out by every company. If quality 6.08%, dents of 4.38% and tears of 9.89%.
control is carried out well, the company will incur additional

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL580

Table 1 Defect Percentage

No Month Production Amount Dirty Dent Ripped
1 April 1225 58 40 93
2 May 1000 44 34 78
3 June 900 88 63 138
Total 3125 190 137 309
Percentage 100.00% 6.08% 4.38% 9.89%

Fig 1 Pareto Diagram

The results of Figure 1 show the number of defects for The process of controlling production in terms of both quality
the period April - June 2023, as well as the types of defects and quantity is an extremely significant activity in a
that occur in Figure 1. The most common defects shown in company. This activity should be as economical or as low as
the Pareto diagram are tear defects. From the overall feasible. As stated in the article (Assauri, 2008:299) [5], the
production results, this is not a small number, therefore there objectives of quality control are:
must be improvements and quality control to reduce the
presentation of defects.  Production goods are able to meet the specified quality
requirements.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW  Try to minimize inspection costs.
 Make efforts to minimize the design costs of goods and
 Quality procedures that use certain manufacturing attributes.
Quality is the main factor in determining whether  Strive to keep production costs as low as possible.
consumers subscribe to the product. Customers will feel Determining the extent to which the process and output of
satisfied if the product provided is of high quality and meets a good or service complies with the standards set by the
their needs. According to (Assauri 2016:317) [3], When company is the main objective of quality control. The
qualities are prioritized to meet the wants and desires of following are general quality control objectives as stated
customers, the emphasis is on those attributes. explains that by (Heizer & Render, 2013) [6]are as follows:
quality is a dynamic state that affects environments, people,
processes, goods, and services that meet or exceed  To ensure that the finished product meets the quality
expectations. The American Society for Quality defines it as standards that have been set.
the general qualities and attributes of a good or service that  To allow for efficient expenses associated with product
can meet specific or general demands. Thus, the business design, inspection, and production.
makes a constant effort to uphold the caliber of its output in  The fundamental tenet of quality control is that processes
order to consistently provide high-quality goods and sustain must be continuously achieved and improved in order to
customer happiness. (2011) Heizer and Render[4] generate data that can be utilized for process control and
improvement, enabling the process to meet customer-
 Quality Control Objectives desired product specifications. Therefore, the primary
The primary objective of quality control is to ensure goal of quality control is to ensure that the produced good
that the quality of the goods and services that are or service satisfies the established requirements for
manufactured does not fall short of the quality standards that quality while incurring the fewest feasible expenses..
have been established at a cost that has also been established.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL580

 Factors that Influence Product Quality According to (Nasution 2017:39) [9], The statistical
According to (Assauri, 2015:362) [7]there are 9 general approach known as statistical quality control (SQC) is a
factors that influence quality which are commonly known as technique that applies probability theory to the process of
9M, namely: testing or analyzing samples. Quality assurance and control
procedures for the product. In acquainted with (Sumayang
 Market (Market) 2007:272) [10] Quality control known as Statistical Quality
 Money (Money) Control (SQC) makes use of basic statistics to find and
 Management (Management) remove variations that are not random or that arise just once
 Men (Human) throughout the manufacturing process. With the tools
 Motivation (Motivation) included in SQC, quality control may be performed
 Material, Machine and Mechanization (Materials, statistically. According to Heizer and Render (2006),
Machines and Mechanization) statistical quality control is a procedure used to uphold
 Modern information method (Information methods and standards, measure, and address issues with manufactured
mechanisms) goods or services. [11]In addition to monitoring the process
and quality of the products being worked on, statistical
 Mounting product requirements (production process
quality recognition can be used to approve or reject goods
requirements)
that have been made.
 Dimensions of quality
The theoretical framework used in this research shows
According to (David Garvin 1987) [8], determining the
how statistical quality control can help in assessing the level
dimensions of product quality can be done through eight
of damage to cardboard packaging, determining the reasons
dimensions, namely performance, features, reliability,
behind it, and then investigating potential improvements to
suitability, durability, service ability, aesthetics, image or
the problem to produce suggestions or recommendations for
reputation.
improving production. quality going forward.
 Performance (Performance), the extent to which a product
III. RESEARCH METHODS
or service fulfills its function as expected.
 Features, additional characteristics that complement the  Research Design
basic function of a product or service. In particular, systematic scientific research on
 Reliability, the ability of a product or service to function components and phenomena as well as the cause and effect
properly during a certain period. correlations of these interactions is used in this study as a
 Conformance (suitability), the extent to which a product form of quantitative research. The methodical study of
or service meets certain specifications or standards. phenomena through the collection of quantifiable data by
 Durability, the product's lifespan or the ability of the statistical, mathematical, or computer methods is known as
product to continue to be used before it needs to be quantitative research. The quantitative research techniques
replaced. put forward by (Sugiyono 2009: 14) [12] may be seen as a
 Serviceability (Ease of Repair), ease and speed in research method that is founded on the philosophy of
repairing products or services. positivism and is utilized for the purpose of conducting
 Aesthetics, the look, feel, sound, smell, or other sensory research on specific populations or samples. The various
impression of a product or service. sampling approaches are typically carried out in a random
 Perceived Quality, the general impression that consumers fashion, research tools are utilized for data collecting, and
have about product quality quantitative and statistical analysis is performed with the
intention of testing hypotheses.
 Understanding Statistical Quality Control
Statistics is a decision making tool that involves the  Data Collection Methods
process or analysis of information contained in a sample. In In research, data collection techniques are an important
quality assurance, statistical methods play an important role . factor for the success of the research. This relates to how to
This is a system developed to maintain production quality collect data, who the source is, and the method used. The
standards at minimum costs, using statistical methods to type of data used in this research is divided into two, namely:
collect and analyze data. Statistical Quality Control (SQC), in
which the quality of the production process is managed  Primary data is data obtained from direct observations in
beginning with the beginning of production, continuing the field. The primary data required for the investigation
through the manufacturing process, and ending with the final of XYZ company is as follows:
product, is a method that is utilized for the purpose of
controlling and managing the items that are created. Before  The method of documenting organized patterns in the
the product is released to the market, it is first subjected to an actions of subjects (individuals), things, or occasions
inspection, during which the items that have been without speaking to or interrogating the subject. Pay close
manufactured are split into two categories: those that are of attention to the procedure of packing the product.
high quality and those that are not.  Interview. The data collection technique in the research
method uses verbal questions to investigate a topic.
Interviews can be done directly via telephone.

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 Descriptive analysis which aims to obtain an in-depth

 Secondary data generally takes the form of historical picture of the quality control of cardboard box packaging
evidence, notes or reports (document data) compiled in carried out at PT. XYZ.
published and unpublished archives. This data was  The quality control method that the author uses is
obtained through a direct data request from the Company. Statistical Quality Control (SQC), as for the steps in using
The secondary data needed to investigate company XYZ the statistical quality control method.
is as follows.
 Statistical Quality Control Tools
 A Data on the number of defective products per day. (Heizer and Render, 2015) [13]the stages of Statistical
 production volume data. Quality Control (SQC) are as follows.

 Analysis Method  Check Sheet

The collected data and information are processed and To capture data, a formula known as a “cheek sheet” is
analyzed further by: used. In many cases, recording is done to make it easier to
identify patterns when data is collected. Through the use of
check sheets, analysts can identify facts or trends that may be
beneficial to their research.

Table 2 Cheek Sheet

 Pareto Chart
In order to make it easy to read or explain data quickly, the data needs to be presented in the form of a Parerto diagram which
is a visual data presentation tool in the form of block graphics that pays attention to the distribution of the values obtained in the
form of numbers.[14]

Fig 3 Pareto Diagram

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 Control Map (P – Chart)

Attribute control charts (Proportion Control Maps) in
analyzing data, P control charts (Proportion Control Maps)
are used as a tool for statistical process control. The use of
 Information :
the P control chart is because the product is damaged and
cannot be repaired so it must be rejected.
𝑝̅ : Average damage to cardboard boxes
 Calculate the percentage of damage
n : Number of months examined
𝑛𝑝
𝑃= Information:  Calculating the lower control limit or Lower Control
𝑛
Limit (LCL) to calculate the lower control limit or LCL is
np : Number of failures done using the formula:

n : Number checked
LCL + P – 3
 Calculating the center line (CL)
 Information:
∑𝑛𝑃
∑𝑛 𝑝̅ : Average damage to cardboard boxes

 Information : n: Number of months checked (note: If LCL <0 then LCL is

considered = 0)
∑𝑛𝑃 : Total number of damaged cardboard boxes
 Fishbone Diagram
∑𝑛: Total number of cardboard boxes inspected Another tool for identifying quality problems and
inspection points is a cause-and-effect diagram, which is also
 Calculating the Upper Control Limit, to calculate the known as an Ishikawa Diagram or Fishbone Chart. This
upper control limit or UCL using the formula: diagram is shaped like a fishbone to illustrate a quality
control problem, where each bone represents a possible
source of error.

Fig 4 Fishbone Diagram

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  Data collection

This research was conducted in the period April – June
In this section, data analysis is carried out to identify 2023 at PT. XYZ is located in the MM2001 industrial area,
problems and to find out the root cause of the problem so that Bekasi Regency. The data collection carried out was
improvement proposals can be obtained to minimize defects secondary data collection in the form of cardboard box
in cardboard packaging production. packaging production data and the number of defects for 3
months. Data on cardboard box defects can be seen in Table
1 below.

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Table 3 Production Amount

No Month Production Amount Dirty Dent Ripped
1 April 1225 58 40 93
2 May 1000 44 34 78
3 June 900 88 63 138
Total 3125 190 137 309

Based on Table 3 , it is known that during observations defects in the cardboard box packaging process. The four
from April to June the production amount was 3125 pcs with statistical analysis tools are as follows:
a total of 636 defective pcs.
 Cheek Sheet
 Statistical Quality Control Method The first stage in quality control analysis to create a cheek
In research using Statistical Quality Control, statistical sheet or inspection sheet is to compile a table containing
analysis tools will be used, namely check sheets, Pareto columns for date, production quantity, type of damage and
diagrams, control charts and fishbone diagrams. The use of number of defects. The results of data collection via cheek
these four tools is considered to have met the research sheets which were carried out over the 3 month period April
objectives, namely to determine the factors that cause product – June 2023 can be seen in Table 2 below.

Table 4 Cheek Sheet Number of Production and Defects

No Month Production Amount Dirty Dent Ripped
1 April 1225 58 40 93
2 May 1000 44 34 78
3 June 900 88 63 138
Total 3125 190 137 309
Percentage 100.00% 6.08% 4.38% 9.89%

Based on Table 2 of the cheek sheet above, it can be on the cheek sheet, it was found that the total packaging for
seen that the number of cardboard box packaging production the period April – June 2023 was 3,125 pcs with a total of
in April 2023 is 1,125 pcs with gross defects of 58 pcs, 40 190 gross defects, 137 pcs dented and 309 pcs torn.
pcs of dents and 93 pcs of tears. In May PT. XYZ produces
cardboard box packaging with a total production of 1000 pcs  Pareto Chart
with details of gross product defects of 44 pcs, 34 pcs of After the cheek sheet, the next step is to create a Pareto
dents and 93 pcs of tears. In June PT. XYZ produces 900 pcs diagram. This Pareto diagram is useful for seeing the types of
of cardboard box packaging with details of gross product damage that occur most frequently.
defects of 88 pcs, 63 pcs of dents and 138 pcs of tears. Based

Fig 5 Product Defect Pareto Diagram in April – June 2023

Based on the Pareto diagram above, we can see that the not. As previously discussed, the initial steps in creating a
type of damage that occurs most frequently is tearing, with a control chart are as follows:
total of 309 damages.
 Calculate the damage percentage.
 Control Chart  Calculating the central line (CL).
After making a check sheet and Pareto diagram, the  Calculating the Upper Control Limit (UCL).
next step is to make a control chart which functions to see  Calculating the Lower Control Limit (LCL).
whether quality control in this company is under control or

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 Calculating the Central Line (CL) 𝑝 : 0.0989

It is the line that is in the middle of the control limit
(UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL) that is referred to as 𝑛 :3
the central line. It is a line that indicates the typical amount of
damage that occurs throughout the production process. This
line is the center line. Make use of the formula in order to
determine the center line:
∑𝑛𝑃
CL =𝑝 = ∑𝑛
Meanwhile, to calculate the Lower Control Limit (LCL)
 Information : use the formula:

∑𝑛𝑃 : Total number of damaged cardboard boxes. 𝑝̅ (1−𝑝̅)

LCL = p
̅ −3(√ 𝑛
)
∑𝑛: Total number of cartons checked.
 Information :
Based on the formula above, the Central Line is
obtained as follows: 𝑝̅ : Average product damage.

∑𝑛𝑃 : 309 pcs 𝑛 : Total month checked.

∑𝑛 : 3125 Note: If LCL < 0 then LCL is considered = 0

309
CL = 𝑝 = 3125 =0.0989 𝑝̅ : 0.0989

 Calculating the Upper Control Limit (UCL) and Lower 𝑛 :3

Control Limit (LCL)
The upper control limit and lower control limit are
statistical indicators of whether a process can be said to be
deviant or not. The upper control limit (UCL) can be
calculated by the formula:

After the values for the percentage of damage for each

group, the CL value, the UCL value, and the LCL value are
obtained, the next step is to create a control chart (Control –
Chart). The p control chart was created using the Microsoft
 Information : Excel 2016 program.
𝑝 : Average product damage This is a measurement sheet that was created by
obtaining samples from April through June in order to
𝑛 : Total month checked ascertain the values of the Central Line (CL), Upper Control
Limit (UCL), and Lower Control Limit (LCL) (Lower
Based on the formula above, the upper control limit can Control Limit).
be obtained as large.

Fig 6 Control Chart

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As a rule of thumb (Prawirosentono, 2002) [15], the display the possible causes of a particular effect. Fishbone
following criteria are used: diagrams are used when causes are grouped naturally based
on the categories of materials, methods, equipment,
 Determine the reason if P < LCL, which indicates that all environment and people.
samples are in the receiving region (LCL).
 Samples are considered to act normally or have adequate  The first and most important are workers, namely workers
processing capability if LCL <P> UCL, which indicates who are actively involved in industrial processes.
that all samples are in the receiving region.  The components used in the process of making a product
 If P > UCL, it indicates that the sample has jumped into finished goods, are also called raw materials.
outside of the reception area (UCL) or that the process  Equipment, also called tools, consists of various tools
capability is inadequate. Investigate the reasons and used during the production process.
improve performance in the production process activities  Method, namely instructions for the manufacturing
to address the issue. process or work orders that must be obeyed
 Because P is above the UCL limit, the process  Environment, namely the conditions around the
capability is not running well, so the cause must be production site, which have an impact on the production
process, both directly and indirectly.
checked and corrective action taken by increasing
performance in production process activities. We can see in Figure 5, namely the Pareto product
diagram where there are three types of defects that arise in
 Fishbone Diagram the production process, namely dirty, dented and torn. As a
tool to find the cause of the damage, a fishbone diagram is
A cause – effect diagram also known as an Ishikawa or
used to determine the type of damage.
“fishbone” diagram is a graphical tool used to explore and

Fig 7 Fishbone Diagram

 Factors that Become Obstacles and Causes of Product causes based on the 80/20 principle, and control charts to
Defects control processes statistically, could provide important
initial insights. Why-Why Analysis deepens
 Why-Why Analysis is a systematic approach to understanding of the cause-and-effect sequence involved
identifying the root cause of a problem by asking in problems, enabling the implementation of more
successive "why" questions until reaching the underlying targeted and effective corrective actions in an effort to
root. Previously, the use of tools such as check sheets for improve process quality and efficiency.
data collection, Pareto diagrams to highlight the main

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Table 3 Why – Why Analysis

Problem Why 1 Why 2 Why 3 Why 4 Why 5
The cardboard box Cardboard boxes Packaging operators are Packaging operators Management does Operational
experienced a are not able to poorly trained or do not are poorly trained or not give priority standards are
defect in the form withstand the follow standard do not follow to employee not updated..
of a tear during the pressure or load operating procedures standard operating training and
packaging process. received. (SOP). procedures (SOP). development.

 Fishbone Diagrams problem, while Fishbone Diagram visualizes these causes in

After explaining the importance of Why-Why Analysis broader categories such as man, machine, method, material,
as a tool for systematically identifying the root causes of environment, and measurements. After doing a Why-Why
problems, the next step in exploring the causes of complexity Analysis, we may more clearly understand the link between
is to use the Fishbone Diagram, also known as the Ishikawa complicated causal elements and create a more targeted and
Diagram. Why-Why Analysis helps ask "why" questions comprehensive improvement approach by using the Fishbone
sequentially to explore the main factors influencing a Diagram.

Fig 8 Fishbone Diagram Torn Defect

 Improvements
After knowing the causes of deviations that result in defects in cardboard box products, a proposal for general corrective
action is prepared in an effort to reduce the level of product defects.

Table 4 Improvements
No Sumber Penyebab Faktor Penyebab Improvement
1 Man 1. Workers do not comply with the SOP. 1.Training and counseling.
2 Method 1. It is necessary to adjust the SOP to actual conditions. 1. Changes to WI and SOP.
3 Environment 1.Limited packaging operator layout. 1.Layout settings.

 Discussion product defects, including dirty (6.08%), dented (4.38%) and

This research aims to analyze the quality control of torn (9.89%) on From this data, it is known that there are two
cardboard box packaging at PT. XYZ. This analysis was types of defects that exceed the production quality standard
carried out using product defect data for the period April to tolerance limits, namely, dirty (6.08%) and torn (9.89%).
June 2023. In an effort to implement quality control to reduce Companies need action that can overcome these problems,
the level of damage to PT. XYZ sets production quality Statistical Quality Control is a statistical tool that can be used
standards for defective product targets set at 5% of the total to carry out quality control as well as determine the priority
production amount. From observations and data collection of the greatest damage, find the cause of damage and
carried out over three months, it can be seen that the product determine control limits "Titop Dwiwarno, 2009"
defects that occur are quite high, there are three types of

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Based on the results of analysis through control charts, [6]. WW Huler, AHJ Fanggidae, NP Nursiani, CC
it can be concluded that the cardboard box packaging Feonay, and P. Management, "ANALYSIS OF
production process at PT. XYZ is not good, so the process QUALITY CONTROL ON PINK JAYA TOFU
capability is not running well, so the cause must be checked PRODUCTS IN THE CITY OF KUPANG-NTT
and corrective action taken by increasing performance in Analysis Of Quality Control On Pink Jaya Tofu
production process activities. Furthermore, it can be seen in Products In The City Of Kupang-NTT
the fishbone diagram and Why Why Analysis, the main cause Correspondence : a).”
of product defects is the human factor where humans/workers [7]. G. Vanny Maruli Tua and and Ira Meike Andariyani,
do not carry out the SOP that has been created, the method "THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND
requires adapting the SOP to actual conditions and an PRICE ON THE DECISION TO PURCHASE A
unclean work environment and layout. limited. DAB DECKER SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
MACHINE AT CV. CITRA NAULI
V. CONCLUSION ELECTRICSINDO PEKANBARU," vol. 1, no. 4,
2022.
 Based on the Pareto diagram created, it can be seen that [8]. D. Puspitasari, S. Surjani, T. Politeknik, and N.
the highest defect level is torn defects with a total of 309 Bandung, "The Influence of kartuHALO Product
pcs with a percentage of (9.89%). The second highest Quality on User Satisfaction (Study at GraPARI
defect rate was gross with a total of 190 pcs with a Telkomsel MTC Bandung)," 2016.
percentage of (6.08%). And the lowest defect level below [9]. MS Arianti, E. Rahmawati, DRRY Prihatiningrum, )
the standard set by the company at 5% is dent defects Magister, and A. Bisnis, "ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT
with a total of 137 pcs with a percentage of (4.38%). QUALITY CONTROL USING STATISTICAL
Meanwhile, the total defects during the three month QUALITY CONTROL (SQC) AT THE AMPLANG
period from April to June were 636 pcs out of a total KARYA BAHARI BUSINESS IN SAMARINDA,"
production of 3125 pcs. 2020.
 From the results of the control chart , the process [10]. A. BUSYAIRI, "STATISTICAL QUALITY
capability is not running well, so the cause must be CONTROL (SQC) IN DETERMINING THE LEVEL
checked and corrective action taken by increasing OF PRODUCT DAMAGE IN THE 'JAYA ABADI'
performance in production process activities. there is a SASAMBO BATIK HANDICRAFT INDUSTRY IN
need for quality control. This is an indication that the THE VILLAGE OF PRINGASELA-LEMBOK EAST
process is not running well. BUSYAIRI, AHMAD," 2017.
 Based on the results of the fishbone diagram analysis and [11]. Rasolofomanana Anjasoa Volahasina, “ANALYSIS
Why - Why Analysis, it can be seen that the factor that OF QUALITY CONTROL OF TILE PRODUCTS
causes the most damage or defects is tearing products in USING STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
the packaging process, which comes from human factors (SPC) AT UD. GENTENG JAYA AMBULU
(workers), work methods, and materials DISTRICT JEMBER THE ANALYSIS OF
QUALITY CONTROL PRODUCT OF ROOF TILE
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