Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL353

The Effect of Nutritional Status on Dental Caries

Levels for Students in Grades V and VI Of SDN 2
Molawe North Konawe Regency
Rezki Dirman*1; Utari Zulkaidah2; Yulistina3; Asnuddin4; Sri Sakinah5; Nina Syafutri6
Bachelor of Applied Dental Therapy Study Program
Institut Teknologi Kesehatan dan Sains Muhammadiyah Sidrap
Jl. Syarif Al-Qadri No.11 Pangkajene Sidrap, Makassar South Sulawesi 91611 Indonesia

Corresponding Author:- Rezki Dirman*1

Abstract:- Dental and oral health is a health problem that I. INTRODUCTION

requires comprehensive treatment, because dental
problems are broad-dimensional and have a wide impact Dental and oral health is a health problem that requires
that includes physical, mental, and social factors for comprehensive treatment, because dental problems are broad-
individuals suffering from dental diseases (Amelia et al. dimensional and have a wide impact that includes physical,
2022). One of the dominant dental and oral health mental, and social factors for individuals suffering from
diseases in Indonesia is dental caries or cavities. Dental dental diseases (Amelia et al. 2022). One of the dominant
caries makes children experience loss of chewing power dental and oral health diseases in Indonesia is dental caries or
and impaired digestion, resulting in suboptimal growth cavities.
(Kusmana 2021). Nutritional problems in school-age
children are health problems that affect the future and Dental caries is an infectious disease caused by the
intelligence of children, it requires more serious attention, formation of karogenic plaque on the surface of the teeth
one of which is nutritional status. Nutritional intake is (pits, fissures and interproximal areas) characterized by the
very much needed at the beginning of children's growth demineralization of the hard tissues of the teeth which causes
and development, school-age children are the age most bacterial invasion so that it can cause pulp death and the
vulnerable to the occurrence of dental caries because of spread of infection to the tissues around the tooth root which
poor child hygiene patterns, and poor children's diet, so then causes pain. Dental caries makes children experience
that if there is a nutritional imbalance it can cause loss of chewing power and impaired digestion, resulting in
prolonged consequences and can settle on biological suboptimal growth (Kusmana 2021).
functions and salivary glands. The type of research used
is quantitative observational analysis with a cross Based on the results of Basic Health Research
sectional approach. The sampling technique was carried (Riskesdas) in 2018, the proportion of the Indonesian
out using the Slovin formula where the number of population who have dental caries problems in the age group
samples obtained was 40 respondents. of 5-9 years is 92.6%. The average DMF-T index of
permanent teeth in Indonesia is 7.1, while the average DMF-
The nutritional status obtained in the undernutrition T index of the 12-year-old group is 1.9.
criteria was 12 (30%), normal criteria were 23 (57.5%),
overweight criteria were 5 (12.5%). Meanwhile, the Nutritional problems in school-age children are health
caries rate obtained in the very low category was 28 problems that affect the future and intelligence of children, it
(70%), the low criteria were 7 (17.5%), the medium requires more serious attention, one of which is nutritional
criteria were 1 (2.5%), and the high criteria were 5 status. Based on the results of Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence
(10%). A sig of 0.000 (<0.000) was obtained, which means of nutritional status (BMI/U) in Indonesian children aged 5-
that there is an influence between nutritional satatus and 12 years is very thin at 2.4%, thin at 6.8%, obese at 10.8%,
the incidence of dental caries. and obese at 9.2% (Zulhika, Hariawan, and Solichah 2023).

It is recommended that the school implement UKGS Nutrition is a balance between the intake of nutrients
well so that it can pay attention to the dental and oral that enter the body from food or the balance between
health of students. Then students and parents are nutrients that enter the body and nutrients that the body needs
expected to be more concerned about dental and oral to metabolize. Nutritional status is the state of the body
health, pay attention to the food consumed so as not to caused by food consumption. The state of normal nutritional
cause dental caries and nutritional status problems. status is seen from the balance between the amount of energy
entering the body and the energy released by the body
Keywords:- Nutritional Status, Dental Caries, Children. according to the needs of each individual (Fatmaningrum
2022).

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL353

Nutritional intake is very much needed at the beginning II. METHODS

of children's growth and development, school-age children
are the most vulnerable to the occurrence of dental caries This type of research uses quantitative observational
because of poor child hygiene patterns, and poor children's analytics. Analytical research is research conducted in an
diet, so that if there is a nutritional imbalance, it can cause effort to find the influence between one variable and another.
prolonged consequences and can settle on biological Quantitative is research that usually relies on the power of its
functions and salivary glands. analysis which is a statistical tester of data. The approach
used is a cross sectional approach, which is an approach by
Based on the above background, the researcher is observing or measuring variables at a certain time.
interested in conducting a study entitled The Effect of
Nutritional Status on the Level of Dental Caries in School-
Age Children.

III. RESULT

 Characteristics Responden

Table 1 Characteristics of Respondents by Gender

Gender Frequency (F) Percentage (%)
Man 18 45
Woman 22 55
Sum 40 100

Table 1 shows that the gender in this study is 18 (45%) in males and as many as 22 (55%) in females.

Table 2 Characteristics of Respondents by Age

Age Frequency (F) Percentage (%)
11 th 20 50
12 th 20 50
Sum 40 100

Table 2 shows the characteristics of respondents based on age of 20 (50%) at the age of 11 and 12 years.

 Nutritional Status

Table 3 Distribution of Frequency of Nutritional Status among Respondents

Criterion Frequency ( f ) Percentage (%)
Malnutrition 12 30
Normal Nutrition 23 57,5
Overweight 5 12,5
Obesitas 0 100
Sum

Table 3 shows the frequency of nutritional status in the undernutrition criteria as many as 12 (30%), normal criteria as many
as 23 (57.5%), overweight criteria as many as 5 (12.5%).

 Karies Gigi

Table 4 Distribution of caries Frequency among Respondents

Criterion Frequency (F) Percentage (%)
Very Low 28 70
Low 7 17,5
Keep 1 2,5
Tall 4 10
Very High 0 0
Sum 40 100

Table 4 shows that the frequency of caries numbers in the very low category is 28 (70%), the low criterion is 7 (17.5%), the
medium criterion is 1 (2.5%), and the high criterion is 5 (10%).

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Volume 9, Issue 7, July – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL353

 Effect of Nutritional Status on the Incidence of Caries in Children

Table 5 Relationship between Nutritional Status and Incidence of caries in Children

Karies Total p-value
Status Gizi
Very Low Low Keep Tall Very High
Malnutrition 9 3 0 0 0 12 0,000
Normal Nutrition 19 4 0 0 0 23
Overweight 0 0 1 4 0 5
Obesitas 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sum 28 7 1 4 0 40

Table 5 shows a sig value of 0.000 (<0.001) which means that there is an influence between nutritional satatus and the
incidence of dental caries.

IV. CONCLUSION REFERENCES

 Conclusion [1]. Asmin, Asmin et al. 2020. “Hubungan Pola Makan

Terhadap Status Gizi Anak Sekolah Dasar.” Jurnal
 The nutritional status obtained in this study was in the Keperawatan Muhammadiyah 1(1): 70–75.
undernutrition criteria of 12 (30%), normal criteria of 23 [2]. Maryam, Hafidyawati, Isnanto Isnanto, and Ida
(57.5%), overweight criteria of 5 (12.5%). Chairanna Mahirawatie. 2021. “Determinan Status
 The caries level obtained in this research was in the very Gizi Pada Status Kesehatan Gigi Anak Usia Sekolah:
low category of 28 (70%), the low criterion was 7 Systematic Literature Review.” JDHT Journal of
(17.5%), the medium criterion was 1 (2.5%), and the high Dental Hygiene and Therapy 2(2): 62–71.
criterion was 5 (10%). [3]. Nur, Inan Nisrina, Cahyo Nugroho, and Hadiyat
 A sig of 0.000 (<0.000) was obtained, which means that Miko. 2023. “Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan
there is an influence between nutritional satatus and the Pengalaman Karies Gigi Siswa Kelas Iv Sdn 2 Belawa
incidence of dental caries. Kabupaten Cirebon.” Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Gigi
(JIKG) 4(2): 31–37.
V. SUGGESTIONS [4]. Pariati, Lanasari, Nur Aini. 2021. “Kebersihan Gigi
Dan Mulut Terhadap Terjadinya Karies Pada Anak
 It is recommended that the school implement UKGS well Sekolah Dasar Di Makassar.” Media Kesehatan Gigi
so that it can pay attention to the dental and oral health of 20(1): 49–54.
students. [5]. Putri, Dhea Rania, Isa Insanuddin, Deden Ridwan
 Students and parents are expected to be more concerned Chaeruddin, and Devy Octaviana. 2022. “Hubungan
about dental and oral health, pay attention to the food Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Karies Gigi Pada
consumed so as not to cause dental caries and nutritional Anak Usia Prasekolah Di TK Al-Muttaqien
status problems Bandung.” Jurnal Terapi Gigi dan Mulut 2(1): 46–52.
 The results of this research can be continued and further
developed by increasing the number of samples

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