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Science Notes

Uploaded by

erickgreatmaster4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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-- Science Notes -----------

By: Angela

The Properties of Air:

{Air Exerts Pressure/Pushes on Objects} Wind is simply moving air. Air presses hard against
everything it touches. Even when air is not moving, it exerts pressure.
Air does not exert the same amount of pressure everywhere. Air has a mass and exerts pressure
downward due to gravity’s force, so the higher you go the less air there is above, therefore the lower the
air pressure.
Ex. The pressure of the air inside the elevator decreases the higher you climb; but the air
pressure inside remains the same. This means the pressure inside your body is higher than the air
pressure in the elevator.
{Air Takes up Space and has Mass} Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while
weight is the force of gravity pulling on a mass.
An object’s mass rarely changes, but an object’s weight does. The stronger the force of
gravity, the greater an object’s weight.
Weight is downward pressing force. Mass measures the amount of material or matter
within an object.
Ex: The moon's gravity is six times less than on earth, therefore, your weight 1/6th of
your weight on earth. This means that if you weigh 120 lbs on earth. You would weigh 20 lbs on the
moon.

The Four Forces of Flight:

{Gravity} Gravity is an invisible force which pulls objects down. Objects with a large mass pull
and attract objects with less mass towards them. This downward pull is called gravity and works against
those trying to fly.
Ex: When a ball is tossed into the air, gravity eventually pulls it back down towards the ground.
{Drag} Drag is a force that slows you down and works in the opposite direction than you are
travelling. It’s what pushes against anything moving through air or water.
Ex: You feel the drag force when you move your hand through water.
{Lift} Lift is an upward force. If the gravity force is less than the lift, the object will stay in the
air.
Ex: For airplanes lift is generated from forward motion at high speeds as an airfoil shaped wing
and proper angle of attack
{Thrust} Thrust is the force that moves an airplane forward and is usually produced by a plane's
jet engines and propeller For an airplane to take off, the plane’s engine’s thrust has to move the airliner
forward faster than drag can push it back.
Ex: The engine’s of the airplane, rocket, or other devices have to create fast enough thrust in
order to propel the objects through air, water, or space.

Non-living and Living Things that Fly:

{Living things} Non-living things like birds use their legs to get momentum in order to fly. They
also have airfoil shaped wings, they use a flapping motion to create thrust. When the bird has generated
enough thrust they will tilt the angle of their wings up. Their wings will catch wind underneath which
pushes them up.
{Non-living things} Non-living things like planes use engines to create thrust. They have 3 main
factors that contribute to the flight of airplanes. They also use propellers which grabs the air in the
front and pushes it backward and in turn drives the body of the plane forward.

Newton’s Laws and Bernoulli’s Principle:

{First law} An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion at
constant speed and in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
{Second law} The acceleration (speeding up) of an object is directly related to the net force and
inversely (in the opposite way) related to its mass.
{Third law} For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
{Bernoulli’s Principle} As the speed of a moving fluid increases (liquid or gas), the pressure
within the fluid decreases.

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