Shelf - 5(b) NCERT Intext Questions

the sound .produced by a transferred from one particle to another and

How does
1.
in a medium reach your finally reach our ear.
object
Explain how sound is produced by your
vibrating
ear ?
2.

starts vibrating, it forces

the school bell.
When an object
Ans.
adiacent particles
of the medium to vibrate. Ans. When the bell is rung, it starts vibrating, it
passed on to forces the adjacent particles of the medium
These vibrations are further
other particles of the medium by the to vibrate. When the bell moves
in the
In this forward direction,it compresses the particles
mechanism of particle interaction.
are
way, vibrations produced by an object of high
of the medium to create a region
 the compression. When the|Ans. The relation between wavelength, freauen
pressure called
bell moves in backward direction, it produces and speed is :
Speed = frequency * wavelength.
aregion of low pressure called rarefaction.
As the bell continues to vibrate in the
forward and backward direction,
9, NA 15 Calculate the wavelength
sound wave whose frequency is 220 Hz
of ,
compressions and rarefactions are produced and speed is 440 m/s in a given medium.
regularly. So a wave is produced which Sol. Frequency,
v= 220 Hz
propagates through air. Speed, V= 440 m/s
3. Why
waves ?
Ans. They are
are sound

called

they require a material

waves called mechanical

mechanical waves because

medium for their
Now

i.e.
Speed

440
=
of sound wave
=220 x
440
2= 220.=2m
,
frequency x wavelength

Ans.
propagation.
4. Suppose you and your friend are on the 10. NA 16 A person is listening to a tone of
moon. Will you be able to hear any sound 500 Hz sitting at a distance of 450 m from

produced by your friend ? the source of the sound. What is the time
interval between successive compressions
Ans. No. On moon there is no atmosphere. It means
from the source ?
that there is no medium. In the absence of
the medium, sound waves can not propagate.
Ans. Frequency, V= 500 Hz
Now time interval between successive
5. Which Wave property determines
compressions = time period, T
(a) loudness, (b) pitch ?
1
Ans. (a) Amplitude determines the loudness of But T= 500
=0002s = 2 ms
sound. The sound produced is loud, if
11. Distinguish between loudness and
the amplitude of a sound is large.
intensity of sound.
(6) Frequency determines the pitch of sound.
Ans. Intensity of a sound wave is defined as the
The pitch is the shrillness of sound and
amount of sound energy passing through a
it depends upon its frequency.
unit area perpendicular to it per second.
6. Guess which sound has a higher pitch : Loudness is a sensation which depends
guitar or car horn ? greatly on a number of variables, including
Ans. The frequency of sound produced by a guitar the sound frequencies being heard. Loudness
is greater than sound of a car horn.
Since the
is a physiological phenomenon and is a
pitch of a sound depends on its frequency, the measure of the response of the ear to the
guitar has a higher pitch than the car horn. sound.
7. What are wavelength,
frequency, time 12. In which of the three media, air, water or
period and amplitude of a sound wave ? iron, does sound travel the fastest at a
Ans. Wavelength : It is the distance between two particular temperature ?
consecutive compressions or two consecutive Ans. Sound travels the fastest in solids followed
rarefactions Its SI unit is metre (m). by liquids and gases. So, out of the three
Frequency :The number of complete media mentioned above,sound travels fastest
in iron.
oscillations covered by sound wave per
second is known as its frequency. It is
13. NA An
echo returned in 3 s. What is
17]
measured in hertz (Hz). the distance of the reflecting surface from
Amplitude : It is the maximum distance of the source, given that the speed of sound
a particle from its mean position during its is 342 ms-1 ?
vibrations on the passage of sound wave.
Sol. Speed of sound, v = 342 m s-!
8. How are the wavelength and frequency of
Sound has to travel a distance that is twice
a sound wave related to its speed ?
 281

surface and the Ans. (a) Infrasound has frequencies less than 20 Hz.
of the reflecting

(b) Ultrasound has frequencies more than

distanCe the distance
he
taken to cover 20000 Hz.
gune. time from the source
surface
heretore NA 18|A submarine emits a sonar pulse,
netlcting 3 = 15 s 17.

wih returns from an underwateyAiff in

S 1.02 s. the speed of sound in salt water
we get
the cliff ?
relation is 1531 m/s how far away i

the
lsing
s =0x = 342x 1.5
Sol. Speed of sound in salt war,
= 513 m Ans.
=531 r/s
V

of concert halls curved ?

the ceilings
SONA ulse to go and retum
Why
are halls are curved so that Time taken by the
concert
of from the ceiling
reflection
=102 s
Ceilingsafter
all directions and te SONAR pulse to go to
sound uniformly in :.Time taken by
sitting in the
hall.

every person
spreads

of the average 102

raches
is the
audible range the cliff = = 0.51 S

ear ?
What

human of sound for submarin

The audible
range of frequency Distance the cliff from the
between 20 Hz to Time taken
an
human ear lies
average = Speed of sound x
20,000
Hz.
of frequen i.e. d= 1531 x 0-51
is the range Ans.
6 Whatassociated with (a) Infrasound 2 = 780-81 m
cies
?
(b) Ultrasound
NCERT Exercises
Shelf -5(c)
t the forces acting among them.
is produced ?
sound and how
it
What is

which can be detected

1.
of the air
ns Vibrations When
by the ear are known as sound waves. the Positionof air
molecules
it forces without vibrations
starts vibrating,
an object to vibrate.
of the medium
particles
adjacent
object moves in the
When the vibrating Position of air
the particles
direction, it compresses
molecules
forward with vibrations
of high
of the to create a region
medium Rarefaction
Compression
However,
called the compression.
pressure
moves in backward direction,
it
to show that sound needs
when it
3. Cite an experiment
produces a region of
low pressure called a material medium for its pronagation.
vibrate
Tarefaction. As the
object continues to bell in anairtight glass
Ans.Suspnd an electric
in the forward and backward direction,
bell jarconnected to
aacuum pump as
and rarefactions are produced switch on the
shown in he figure,Now
Compressions
So, a sound wave produced
the sound of the
is
regularly. to th
electric suppl
bell,

the vacuum
. which propagates
Describe with
compressions
the
through
help of
and
air.

a diagram, how
rarefactions are
bell will be

found that theSound

out
heaNow
start
of it. It
pump to pull ou th air ts more and more
will be

source of sound.
Ans.
Produced in air near a
faint as the
is sucked o gs of the bell jar.

Propagation of wave can be understood

sound At a certain stage when apprimately all
with the
help of the tuning fork. When its of the bell jar,Q Sound
the air is scked out
Pongs are struck by a rubber hammer, they bell will be heard. It show that
of electri for
Vibrating. Prongs of tuning fork, vibrating meum (air in this case) is necessary
to and fro disturb the
due to its motion, begin to
disturbances sound to pass through.
surrounding air molecules. These
molecules due
are
passed on to air
adjacent
 Also, when frequency =20 kHz =20000 H,
To a source of electricity
then,
Switch
Cork 344
Bell jar
wavelength = 20000 = 0-0172 m
= 0 0172 × 100 = 172 cm
Electbell Therefore, the typical wavelengths of sound
waves are 172 m and 1:72 cm. Ans.
8. NA 20 Two children are at opposite ends
of an aluminium rod. One strikes the end
>To vacuum pump of the rod with a stone. Find the ratio of
4. Why is sound wave called a longitudinal times taken by the sound wave in air and
wave ? in aluminium to reach the second child.
Ans. A longitudinal wave is that wave
in which Sol. Speed of sound in aluminium is 6420 m-1
particles of the medium along the
vibrate and
direction of the wave. In a sound wave, the
particles of the medium vibrate in the same Speed of sound in air is 346 m s-l

direction as the direction of the propagation If I is the length of the rod, then using the
of wave. So, sound wave is called a relation

longitudinal wave. distance

5. Which of the sound helps you
characteristic
Time = we get
velocity
to identify your friend by his voice while
sitting with others in a dark room ? (a) For aluminium, time
Ans. The quality or timber of sound help us to
...1)
identify our friend by his voice. 6420
6. Flash and thunder are produced (b) For air, time
simultaneously. But thunder is heard a few
seconds after the flash is seen, why ? 346 ..2)
Ans. The speed of sound is 344 m/s whereas the Dividing equation (2) by equation (1), we
speed of light is 3 x 108 m/s. Therefore, get
sound of thunder takes more time to reach
the Earthas compared to light. As a result, 6420
346 -= 1856 Ans.
thunder isheard a few seconds after the 346
th
flash is seen.
6420
7. NA 19 A person has a hearing range from 9. NA 21|The frequency of a source of sound
20 Hz to 20 kHz. What are the typical is100 Hz. How many times does it vibrate
wavelengths sound waves in air
of in a minute?
corresponding to these two frequencies?Take Sol. Frequency v =
100 Hz Ans.
the speed of sound in air as 344 m s-1,
Now number of vibrations in one second

Sol. We know that,wavelength = velocity = frequerncy = 100

frequency
inumber of vibrations in one minute
Here, velocity = 344 m s-l
60 s) = 100 x 60 = 6000
(i.e.,

Therefore, when frequency= 20 Hz, then

10. Does sound follow the same laws of
344 reflection as light does ? Explain.
wavelength = 20
= 172 m Ans. Yes. Sound follows the same laws O
reflection as light does.
 sound wave and the 1
The
incident
sound wave make equal angles
Now, s= uttat'
reflected
the normal to the surface at the
with
of incidence,
500 = 0xt+ 10×
point
sound wave, the reflected
)
The incident
sound
wave,and the normal to the point
or 5/2 = 500

ofincidence
all lie in the same plane.
2 = 500
5
=100
is reflected from a distant
. When
a sound
echo is produced. Let the
an Or t= y100 = 10s
between the reflecting surface and
object,
the stone to reach
distance
of sound production remains the Therefore, time taken by
the source
sound on a hotter the base of tower 10 s =
Do you hear echo
same.
time taken by sound to reach the tower
? Now
day
produced if the time taken by
is 500
An echo distance travelled =1-47 s
return back after reflection
Ans. is greater
sound to 340
to 0 1 s. The speed of sound in speed of sound
than or equal
the increase in temperature. which the sound
air increases with Therefore, total time after
Therefore, a hotter day,
on the time interval
is heard =
10 + 1·47 11·47 s = Ans.

between the original

sound and the reflected at a speed of
we will be able to 14. NA 23 A sound wave travels
sound will decrease. so is 1-5 cm, what
observe echo if the time
interval between
the 339 m s-1, If its wavelength
it be
sound is greater than is the frequency
of the wave ? Will
original and reflected
01 s. audible ?

12. Give two practical applications

of reflection
Sol. Speed of sound
= 339 m s-l

of sound waves. 15
=0-015
stethoscope is a medical = 15 cm m

Ans. (a) Stethoscope. A Wavelength, 2 100

is used to listen
sounds
instrument. It
body, such as heart,
produced within the velocity

lungs etc. In stethoscopes

the sound of the Now,frequency = wavelength
doctor's ears
patient's heartbeat reaches the
of sound. 339
by multiple reflection -=22600 Hz Ans.
megaphone or speaking =0.015
(6) Megaphone. The
tube consists of a conical
metal horn. When
greater than 20,000
Since the frequency is
from one end of a horn, So it will
a speaker speaks Hz, it is not in the audible range.
from the sides of
Sound waves get reflected not be audible.
to the air in the
the tube and is confined
15. What is reverberation ? How can it be
is increase in the sound
tube. Hence there
reduced ?
a particular direction.
Therefore,
intensity in in an enclosed or
sound can be heard even at the
farther Ans. The prolongation of sound
space after the sound has
the
end distinctly. partially enclosed
reverberation. To
stopped is known as
13. NA stone is dropped from the top of
22 A reduce reverberation, sound
absorbing
a tower 500 m
high into a pond of water at materials like fiberboard,
heavy curtains,
the base of the tower. When is the splash plastic, cushioned
seats etc. should be
rough
heard at the top? Given, g 10 = m s and
used in the hall.
Speed of sound 340 s-. = m 16. What is loudness of sound ? What factors
Sol.
of the tower, h = 500 m
depend on ?
Height does it

and acceleration to g = 10 m s2
gravity,
 be ob
observed and v
by the echoto the speed
is
Ans. Loudness is a sensation which depends 2s
greatly on a number of variables. It is a
of ultrasonicaves, ther. Therefore,
physiological sensation. There can be one of
the reason for the sensitivity of the individual s= AIch gives he distance of the
i.e.
ear but mainly, it depends upon the
amplitude of sound and the sensitivity of under-water object.
ear.
20. NA 24 A sonar device on a submarin.
17. Explain how bats use ultrasoyd to catch a sends out a signal and receives an echo5e
prey. later. Calculate the speed of sond in water
Ans. Bats can emnd ceive ultrasonic wave. if the distance of the oject from the
To catch a pre they sGltrasonic wave submarine is 3625 m.
which is reflcted back after striknthe prey. Sol. Disi nce of the object
This hels a bat to know the distance of his S = 365 m
prey. Time afr whicb he echo is received.
18. How is ultrasound used for cleaning ? 5s
Ans. To clean an object using ultrasound, it is put
Now the dince of the object is given by
in a cleaning solution. The ultrasound is
passed through the solution now. The high vt

frequency of ultrasound wave produces

vibrations due to which the dirt is separated
from the objects. 3625 = Vx5
2
19. Explain the working and application of a
Sonar. 2x3625
V= = 1450 ms-l Ans.
Ans. A sonar is sed by shipto measure depth 5
and locate forgn obects in sea. SONAR is 21. Explain how in a metal block can
defects
the abbreviation usfor
sound navigation and be detected using ultrasound.
rangin8. Ultrasghic wave produced and
transmitted by he transitter of the SONAR
Ans. The ultrasonic waves are passed through a
material. Reflection occurs both at a flaw
is incident the undervater object. The
echo of th ultrasonic wave isetected and and at the back surface of the material. The

recorded by the detector. If S is th distance delay time in the receipt of the echo is
of thender-waterobject, tis the time taken studied. This gives us the distance of the flaw
and its size.