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Networking

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7 views3 pages

Networking

Uploaded by

sethii_ankush
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Networking

LAN (Local Area Network)


A communications system that links computers into a network, usually via a wiring-based
cabling scheme.

WAN (Wide Area Network)


A network which covers a larger geographical area than a LAN and where telecommunications
links are implemented. Examples of WANs include packet switched networks, public data
networks and Value Added Networks.

IP address
The 32-bit address assigned to hosts that want to participate in a TCP/IP Internet. IP datagram
- The basic unit of information passed across a TCP/IP Internet.

Asynchronous communications A method of transmitting data in which each transmitted


character is sent separately. The characters has integral start and finish start and stop bits so
that the character can be sent at an arbitrary time, and separate from any other character.

Synchronous transmission A method of communication in which data is sent in blocks, without


start and stop bits between each byte.

Bridge
A bridge is a device used to connect two LANs, or segments of the same LAN. It forwards packets
to the appropriate LAN by checking the IP address of the packet.

Modem
Modem is a short for modulator demodulator. It is basically a converter that converts bits of data into
sounds, which are passed down a standard telephone line and converted back to digital bits by another
modem at the other end.

Router
Routers are used to connect two or more Local Area networks (LANs). They are like a traffic police of a
network, directing traffic along the shortest distance between a source and destination node.
When connecting large no. of LANs, router maintains a table called routing table, and use algorithm
such as ICMP to communicate with each other.

Hub
A hub acts as a connection point for devices on the network. It forwards data packets received at one
port, to all other ports.

Gateway
It is a combination of hardware and software that is used to forward packets from one network to
another network.

Switch
Switches are devices that interconnect system on a network. It forwards packets from a source ports to
a destination port by reading a packet header.

Client/Server
It is an architecture that is used to describe a computing model in which a client program makes a
request to server program to serve p web pages.
DHCP
Dynamic Host control protocol, used to dynamically assign IP addresses to computers on a network.

Packet
When data is sent over a network, it is sent in the form of packets. Packets are logical group of
information that contain a header (control information) and user data (what is actually to be sent over
the network.).

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching


These are the methods of sending data over a network

In circuit switching method, a physical connection is maintained between the transmitter and receiver
during the entire communication period.

Packet switching is used when a slight communication lag is tolerable, e.g. email and browsing
applications. In this method, data is divided into packets that may take different paths and reach the
destination at different time periods.

Intranet
An intranet is an internal network that is set up to share company information and resources among its
employees.

NAT
NAT stands for Network Address Translation. It is mainly used to translate the internal IP addresses to a
different IP addresses outside the network.

NIC
A network Interface card is an add on expansion card that is used to connect a computer to a network
or another computer over a network.

Ping
It is used to check the status of remote machine, as well as underlying network.

TCP/IP
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is the basic set of rules that is
used in almost all networks present today. It is the basic set of rules which has two layer structures in
which TCP forms the higher layer and IP forms the lower layer.
TCP handles the transmission of packets over the network, and it makes sure that the original packet is
reassembled properly at the destination node.
The lower layer, Internet protocol, is closer to the actual network; it handles the address part of the
packet.

ADSL

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