EXCRETION & HOMEOSTASIS

KCSE QUICK REVISION

Compilation of Possible Questions in Biology Likely to be

Examined in KCSE.

A Special Analysis of Prediction Questions that may be Tested in KCSE from this
Topic in Form 2.

BIOLOGY

SERIES 1

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EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

1. Explain the following:- i) Fresh water fish excrete ammonia
ii) Glucose is absent in urine yet present in glomerular filtrate
2. (a) State two functions of the kidney
(b) Name two substances that are not found in urine of a healthy person
(c) Name two diseases that affect the kidney
3. (a) State two structural modification of the kidneys of deserts animals like
kangaroo rat.
(b) Describe how ingestion of very salty food may reduce the amount of water
excreted in urine.
4. A student mixed a sample of urine from a person with Benedict’s solution and
heated, the colour changed to orange.
(a) What was present in the urine sample?
(b) What did the student conclude on the health status of the person?
(c) Which organ in the person may not be functioning properly?
5. (a) If the human pancrease is not functional:-
(i) Name the hormone which will be deficient
(ii) Name the disease the human is likely to suffer from
(b) What is diuresis?
6. Name the nitrogenous wastes excreted by the following organisms:-
Animal Nitrogenous Waste
(i) Desert mole
(ii) Marine fish
(iii) Tilapia
9. The table below shows description of sizes of glomeruli renal tubules of two
animals which are living in different environments

Animal X Animal Y
Glomeruli Large and few Small and many
Renal tubules Short Long
(a) Name the likely environment in which each animal lives : (i)Animal X
(ii) Animal Y
(b) What role does vasoconstriction play in thermoregulation?
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8. The table below shows the approximate percentage concentration of various

components in blood plasma entering the kidney, glomerular filtrate and urine of
a healthy human being
Component Plasma Glomerular filtrate Urine

Water 90 90 94
Glucose 0.1 0.10 0.00
Amino acids 0.05 0.05 0.00
Plasma proteins 8.0 0.00 0.00

Urea 0.03 0.03 2.00

Inorganic ions 0.72 0.72 1.50
(a) Name the process responsible for the formation of glomerular filtrate
(b) What process is responsible for the absence of glucose and amino acids in
urine?
(c) Explain why there are no plasma proteins in the glomerular filtrate?
9. What is the importance of sebaceous glands in the human skin?
10. Explain why sweat accumulates on a person’s skin in a hot humid environment
11. Distinguish between diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus
12. State two processes through which plants excrete their metabolic wastes.
13. The figure below shows a vertical section through a mammalian kidney.

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(a) Label the parts A and B

(b) Which part is the Bowman’s capsule found?
14. (a) Explain the effects of the production of large amounts of Antidiuretic hormone
in the human
body
(b) State two functions of the loop of Henle
15. [i]A person was found to passes out large volumes of dilute urine frequently.
Name the; [a]Disease the person was suffering from,
[b]Hormone that was defficient.
16. State three importances of Osmosis in plants
17. A patient was complaining of thirst most of the times. A sample of the patient’s
urine was found not to contain a lot of sugar but was dilute:-
(a) Name the hormone the person’s body was deficient of
(b) Which gland produces the above hormone
(c) Name the disease that the patient was most likely suffering from

18. State two features in the nephron that facilitate ultra filtration
19. The table below shows a description of size of glomeruli and renal tubules of
two animals which are adapted to living in different environment:-

Animal A Animal B
Glomeruli large and few small and
many
Renal tubules short long
a) Name the likely environment in which animal A lives
b) Suggest the main nitrogenous waste produced by animal B
c) Name the organelle of osmoregulation in each of the following animal:
i) Paramecium
ii) Insects
20. What role is played by the liver in excretion?
21. The equation below represents a metabolic process that occurs in the mammalian
liver: Amino acids organic compound + urea

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a) Name the process
(b) What is the importance of the process to the mammals?
22. A person was found to pass out large volume of dilute urine frequently. Name the:-
(a) Disease the person was suffering from?
(b) Hormone that was deficient
23. Explain the effects of the following on the quantity and composition of urine
(a) Drinking large amount of clean water
(b) Drinking very salty soup
(c) Removal of pancreas
24. (a) Distinguish between excretion and egestion
(b) State the importance of excretion in the bodies of living organisms.
25. What is the meaning of the following terms?
[i]Homeostasis [ii]Osmoregulation
26. (a) What is poikilotherm?
(b) State two classes of phylum chordata where all members are poikilothermic .
27. The diagram below represents a mammalian nephron

(i) Name the structure labelled Q ....................................................................................

(ii) State two adaptations of part labeled R
28. Distinguish between internal environment and external environment as used in
homeostasis
29. [a]Name the disease of the liver whose symptom is jaundice
[b]State the causative agent of;
[i]Cholera
[ii]Candidiasis
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30. Name the parts of the flower that are responsible for the production of gametes
31. The equation below represents a metabolic process that occurs in a certain organ
in the mammalian body:-
Ammonia enzymes Organic compound Q + water Carbon (IV) oxide
a) Name the process represented in the equation.
b) Name the organ in which the process occurs.
c) Why is the process important to the mammal?
d) Identify the organic compound Q.
e) Explain the source of ammonia in the organ named in (b) above.
f) What happens to organic compound Q?
32. Kosgei and Onyancha collided during a football match and each got bruised.
Kosgei’s bruise stopped bleeding after ten minutes while Onyancha’s bruise
continued bleeding and he had to be taken to hospital for treatment.
(a) Explain the process which brought about stoppage of Kosgei’s bleeding
(b) Distinguish between blood clotting and haemagglutination.
(c) Name the disease, that Onyancha could be suffering from.
33. The table below shows the percentage of some substances in the glomerular
filtrate and urine of a certain mammal:-
Substances Contents in glomerular filtrate Contents in urine

Water 90 90
Sodium ions 0.3 0.35
Chloride ions 0.37 0.60
Glucose 0.1 0.0
Urea 0.03 2.0
Proteins 0.0 0.0
(a) From the above table, account for ; (i) The absence of glucose in urine
(ii) The absence of protein in both glomerular
filtrate and urine
(b) Explain the significance of the flow system in the nephron where the
glomerular filtrate flows in opposite direction to that of blood in the surrounding
capillaries

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(c) Name the hormone that controls the percentage of water in urine and that
which control the amount of salts Percentage of water
Amount of salts
(d) List any two diseases /disorders of the kidney

34. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow

(a) Name the structure represented by the diagram

(b) (i) Name the parts labelled D and M
(ii) Name the hormones whose sites of action are Q and G
(c) Name one substance that is present in part N but absent in part Z
(d) The contents of part V were boiled with Benedicts’ solution and an orange
precipitate was formed. Account for the results
35. In an investigation, two persons A and B drunk the same amount of glucose
solution. Their blood sugar levels were determined immediately and thereafter at
intervals of one hour for the next six hours.

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The results were as shown in the following table:-

Time (hrs) Blood glucose level (mg/100ml)

Person A Person B

0 90 120

1 220 360

2 160 370

3 100 380

4 90 240

5 90 200

6 90 160

(a) Draw a graph of blood sugar levels of persons A and B against time on the same
axis
(b) Explain each of the following observations;-
(i) Blood sugar level increased in person A between 0 and 1 hour
(ii) The blood sugar level dropped in person A between 1 and 4 hours
(c) From the graph, what is the normal blood glucose sugar level for human beings
(d) Suggest a reason for the high sugar level in person B
(e) How can the high blood sugar level in person B controlled?
(f) What is the biological significance of maintaining a relatively constant sugar
level in a human being
(g) Account for the decrease in the blood glucose level of person B after 4 hours

36. a) Explain how urea is formed in the human body

b) Describe the path taken by urea from the organ where it is formed until it is
released from the human body

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37. The diagram below represents a mammalian nephron.

(a) Name the structures labeled B,C and D

(c) Name the process by which substances are reabsorbed from structure C into
blood capillaries
(d) How is the pressure in structure A achieved?
38. How does an Endotherm respond to both heat gain and heat loss?
39. The diagram below represents a mammalian nephron

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(a) Name the: (i) Structure labelled P

(b) State the structural modifications of the part label led Q for
(i) Desert mammals
(ii) Fresh water mammals
(c ) (i) Name one substance present at point R but absent at point S in a healthy
mammal.
(ii) The appearance of the substance you have named in (c)(i) above is a symptom of a
certain disease. Name the disease
40. Describe how the mammalian skin regulates body temperature

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