Previous Year Questions: ODE (2008-23)

Formation of DE

1. Find the Wronskian of the set of functions {3𝑥 , |𝑥 |} on the interval [-1,1] and
determine whether the set is linearly dependent on [-1,1]. (12)

2. Find the differential equation of the family of circles in the XY plane passing
through (−1,1) and (1,1).

3. Determine the orthogonal trajectory of a family of curves represented by the polar

equation 𝑟 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃), (𝑟, 𝜃) being the polar coordinates of any point. (10)

4. Find the orthogonal trajectories of family of curves 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥. (12)

5. Obtain the equation of the orthogonal trajectory of the family of curves

represented by 𝑟 = 𝑎 sin 𝑛𝜃 , (𝑟, 𝜃) being the plane polar coordinates. (10)

6. Find the curve for which the part of the tangent cut off by the axes is bisected at
the point of tangency. (10)

7. Show that the family of parabolas 𝑦 = 4𝑐𝑥 + 4𝑐 is self-orthogonal. (10)

8. Find the DE representing all the circles in the xy plane.(10)

9. If the growth rate of the population of bacteria at any time t is proportional to the
amount present at that time and population doubles in one week, then how much
bacterias can be expected after 4 weeks? (08)

10. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of circles passing through the points
(0, 2) and (0,-2). (10)

11. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of confocal conics + = 1; 𝑎 >

𝑏 > 0 are constants, and 𝜆 is a parameter. Show that the given family of curves is
self- orthogonal. (10M, 2021)

12. Show that the orthogonal trajectories of the system of parabolas: 𝑥 = 4𝑎(𝑦 + 𝑎)
belong to the same system. (10, 2022)

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES
First Order and First Degree

1. Solve the differential equation 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 = 0. (12)

2. Consider the differential equation 𝑦 = 𝛼𝑥, 𝑥 > 0 where 𝛼 is constant. Show that

i) If 𝜙(𝑥) is any solution and 𝜓(𝑥) = 𝜙(𝑥)𝑒 , then 𝜓(𝑥) is a constant;

ii) If 𝛼 < 0, then every solution tends to zero as 𝑥 → ∞. (12)

3. Show that the differential equation (3𝑦 − 𝑥) + 2𝑦(𝑦 − 3𝑥)𝑦 = 0 admits an

integrating factor which is a function of (𝑥 + 𝑦 ). Hence solve the equation. (12)

4. Verify that (𝑀𝑥 + 𝑁𝑦)𝑑(ln 𝑥𝑦) + (𝑀𝑥 − 𝑁𝑦) 𝑑 ln = 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦. Hence show that –

i) If the differential equation 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 is homogeneous, then 𝑀𝑥 + 𝑁𝑦 is

an integrating factor unless 𝑀𝑥 + 𝑁𝑦 = 0;

ii) If the differential equation 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 is not exact but is of the form
𝑓 (𝑥𝑦)𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑓 (𝑥𝑦)𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 then (𝑀𝑥 − 𝑁𝑦) is an integrating factor unless
𝑀𝑥 − 𝑁𝑦 = 0. (20)

5. Obtain the solution of ordinary differential equation = (4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) , 𝑖𝑓 𝑦(0) =

1. (10)

6. Solve = (12)

7. Show that the DE (2𝑥𝑦 log 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑦 + 1 𝑑𝑦 = 0 is not exact. Find an

integrating factor and hence, the solution of the equation. (20)

8. y is a function of x such that the differential coefficient is equal to cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) +

sin(𝑥 + 𝑦). Find out a relation between x and y, which is free from any
derivative.(10)

9. Solve the DE (5𝑥 + 12 𝑥 + 6𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0. (10)

10. Justify that a DE of the form: [𝑦 + 𝑥𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) ]𝑑𝑥 + [𝑦𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − 𝑥] 𝑑𝑦 = 0, where

𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) is an arbitrary function of (𝑥 + 𝑦 ), is not exact DE and is an

integrating factor for it. Hence solve this DE for 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) = (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) . (10)

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES
11. Find the sufficient condition for the DE 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑑𝑦 = 0 to have an integrating
factor as a function of (x+y). What will be the IF in that case? Hence find the IF
for the DE (𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 and solve it. (15)

12. Solve the DE 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑦 (𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) = 1. (10)

13. Solve the DE (2𝑥𝑦 𝑒 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 𝑦 𝑒 − 𝑥 𝑦 − 3𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0. (10)

14. Find the constant a such that (𝑥 + 𝑦) is the IF of (4𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦)𝑑𝑥 +
(2𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 3𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0 and hence solve the DE. (12)

15. Solve = (𝑒 − 𝑦) (10)

16. Solve : {𝑦(1 − 𝑥 tan 𝑥) + 𝑥 cos 𝑥}𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 (10)

17. Solve the following simultaneous linear DEs: (𝐷 + 1)𝑦 = 𝑧 + 𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝐷 + 1)𝑧 = 𝑦 +
𝑒 (8)

18. Find 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 such that 𝑥 𝑦 is an integrating factor of (4𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 −

(3𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 and solve the equation.

19. Find 𝑓(𝑦) such that (2𝑥𝑒 + 3𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 = 0 is exact and hence solve.
(12)

20. Solve the DE (2𝑦 sin 𝑥 + 3𝑦 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − (4𝑦 cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0. (10)

21. Solve the DE (10)

𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 cos (𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦) = 𝑦 sin (𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥

22. Show that the general solution of the differential equation + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 can be
∫
written in the form 𝑦 = −𝑒 𝐶+∫𝑒 𝑑 , where P and Q are non-zero

functions of x and C, an arbitrary constant. (10, 2022)

23. Obtain the solution of the initial value problem − 2𝑥𝑦 = 2, 𝑦(0) = 1 in the form

𝑦=𝑒 1 + √𝜋 erf(𝑥) . (10, 2023)

24. Find the solution of the differential equation: =− .(10, 2023)

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES
First order but not of first Degree

1. Solve the equation 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑝 + 𝑦𝑝 = 0. (15)

( )
2. Solve = , 𝑦(0) = 1. (20)

3. Obtain the Clairaut’s form of the differential equation 𝑥 −𝑦 𝑦 +𝑦 =𝑎 .

Also find its general solution.

4. Solve the DE: 𝑥 = 𝑝𝑦 − 𝑝 .

5. Consider the DE 𝑥𝑦𝑝 − (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑝 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0. Substituting 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣 = 𝑦

reduce the equation to Clairaut’s form. Hence or otherwise solve the equation.(10)

6. Solve 𝑦+2 𝑥−𝑦 =0

7. Find all the possible solutions of DE: 𝑦 log 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 + . (15M)

8. Reduce the equation 𝑥 𝑝 + 𝑦(2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑝 + 𝑦 = 0 to clairaut’s form by the

substitution 𝑦 = 𝑢 and 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑣. Hence solve the equation and show that 𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 0
is a singular solution of the differential equation. (10, 2023)

9.

Singular Solution

1. Obtain the singular solution of the DE

𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
cot 𝛼 − 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝛼 = 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥

2. Also find the complete primitive of the given DE. Give the geometrical
interpretations of the complete primitive and singular solution. (15)

3. Find the general and singular solutions of the DE: 9𝑝 (2 − 𝑦) = 4(3 − 𝑦). (10)

4. Find the general and singular solutions of the differential equation: (𝑥 − 𝑎 )𝑝 −

2𝑥𝑦𝑝 + 𝑦 + 𝑎 = 0, where 𝑝 = . Also find the geometric relation between the

general and singular solutions. (10, 2022)

5.

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES
Second Order and higher but constant Coefficient

1. Obtain the general solution of the 2nd order ODE 𝑦 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑒 cos 𝑥. (15)

2. Find the general solution of the equation 𝑦 − 𝑦 ′ = 12𝑥 + 6𝑥. (20)

√
3. Find a particular integral of + 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin . (10)

4. Using the method of variation of parameters, solve the DE (𝐷 + 2𝐷 + 1)𝑦 =

𝑒 log 𝑥. (15)

5. Find the initial value differential equation: 20𝑦 + 4𝑦 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) =

3.2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 (0) = 0. (7)

6. Using the method of variation of parameters, solve the DE (08)

𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
− − 2𝑦 = 44 − 76𝑥 − 48𝑥 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

7. Solve : 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑒 (10)

8. Solve : 𝑦 − 6𝑦 + 12𝑦 − 8𝑦 = 12𝑒 + 27𝑒 (10)

9. Solve: 𝑦 + 16𝑦 = 32 sec 2𝑥. (13)

10. Solve the IVP :

19 8
𝑦 − 5𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 𝑒 , 𝑦(0) = , 𝑦 (0) =
12 3

11. Determine the complete solution of the DE −4 + 4𝑦 = 3𝑥 𝑒 sin 2𝑥. (10)

12. Solve the differential equation: + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑒 cos 2𝑥 (10M)

13. Solve the following differential equation: (3𝑥 + 2) + 5(3𝑥 + 2) − 3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 +

1. (10, 2022)

14. Solve the differential equation: −3 +4 − 2𝑦 = 𝑒 + cos 𝑥. (15, 2023)

Variable Coefficient

1. Solve the differential equation 𝑥 𝑦 − 3𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = sin ln 𝑥 + 1. (15)

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES
2. Use the method of variation of parameters to find the general solution of 𝑥 𝑦 −
4𝑥𝑦′ + 6𝑦 = −𝑥 sin 𝑥. (12)

3. Use the method of undetermined coefficients to find the particular solution of

𝑦 + 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 + (1 + 𝑥 )𝑒 and hence find its general solution. (20)

4. Using the method of variation of parameters, solve the 2nd order DE + 4𝑦 =

tan 2𝑥. (15)

5. Solve the ODE 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)𝑦 − (2𝑥 − 1)𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 (2𝑥 − 3) (20)

6. Using the method of variation of parameters, solve the DE + 𝑎 𝑦 = sec 𝑎𝑥. (10)

7. Find the general solution of the equation 𝑥 +𝑥 + 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 sin ln 𝑥. (15)

8. Solve by method of variation of parameters: − 5𝑦 = sin 𝑥. (10)

9. Solve the ODE 𝑥 + 3𝑥 +𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 65 cos log 𝑥 . (20)

10. Solve the ODE: 𝑥 − 2(𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 + 2)𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)𝑒 , when 𝑒 is a solution to

its corresponding homogeneous DE.

11. Solve 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 cos ln 𝑥.

12. Find the general solution of the equation 𝑥 − 4𝑥 +6 = 4. (15)

13. Solve the DE 𝑥 − − 4𝑥 𝑦 = 8𝑥 sin 𝑥 . (9)

14. Solve (1 + 𝑥) 𝑦 + (1 + 𝑥)𝑦 + 𝑦 = 4 cos log (1 + 𝑥). (13)

15. Solve the DE + (3 sin 𝑥 − cot 𝑥) + 2𝑦 sin 𝑥 = 𝑒 sin 𝑥.

16. Find the linearly independent solution of the corresponding homogeneous DE of

the equation 𝑥 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 and then find the general solution of the
given equation by the method of the variation of parameters. (15)

17. Using the method of variation of parameters, solve the DE (20)

𝑦 + (1 − cot 𝑥)𝑦 − 𝑦 cot 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐹.

18. Solve the following DE: (10)

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES
 (𝑥 + 1) 𝑦 − 4(𝑥 + 1)𝑦 + 6𝑦 = 6(𝑥 + 1) + sin log(𝑥 + 1).

19. Solve the equation: + (tan 𝑥 − 3 cos 𝑥) + 2𝑦 cos 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 completely by

demonstrating all the steps involved. (15M)

20. Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝑥 − 2𝑥(1 + 𝑥) + 2(1 +

𝑥)𝑦 = 0. Hence solve the differential equation 𝑥 − 2𝑥(1 + 𝑥) + 2(1 + 𝑥)𝑦 = 𝑥

by the Method of variation of Parameters. (10M)

21. Solve the following differential equation by using the method of variation of

parameters: (𝑥 − 1) − 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1) , given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 is one solution of

the reduced equation. (15, 2022)

Laplace Transform

1. Using Laplace Transform, solve the initial value problem 𝑦 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 4𝑡 + 𝑒

with 𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦 (0) = −1. (15)

2. Find the inverse Laplace Transform of 𝐹(𝑠) = ln . (20)

3. Use Laplace Transform method to solve the following initial value problem:

−2 + 𝑥 = 𝑒 , 𝑥(0) = 2 and (0) = −1. (15)

4. Using Laplace transform, solve the IVP 𝑦 + 2𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑒 , 𝑦(0) = −1, 𝑦 (0) = 1. (12)

5. Using Laplace transform, solve the DE (𝐷 + 𝑛 )𝑥 = 𝑎 sin(𝑛𝑡 + 𝛼), subject to initial

conditions 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 0 in which 𝑎, 𝑛, 𝛼 are constants.

6. Solve the IVP: + 𝑦 = 8𝑒 sin 𝑡 , 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦 (0) = 0 by using Laplace transform.

(15)

7. Obtain the Laplace Inverse transform of ln 1 + + 𝑒 .

8. Using Laplace Transform, solve 𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑡, 𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦 (0) = −2 . (12)

9. Using Laplace transform solve the following

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES
𝑦 − 2𝑦 − 8𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 3, 𝑦 (0) = 6 . (10)

10. Solve the following initial value problem using Laplace Transform:

𝑑 𝑦
+ 9𝑦 = 𝑟(𝑥), 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦 (0) = 4
𝑑𝑥

8 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋

where 𝑟(𝑥) = (17)
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 𝜋

11. Find the Laplace transform of 𝑓(𝑡) = . (5)

√

12. Find the inverse Laplace transform of ( )( )( )

(05)

13. Find the Laplace Transform of 𝑡 and 𝑡 . Prove that Laplace Transform of 𝑡 ,
where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, is

1
𝛤 𝑛+1+2

14. Using Laplace Transform, solve the IVP 𝑡𝑦 + 2𝑡𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 2; 𝑦(0) = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦′(0) is
arbitrary. Does this problem has a unique solution.
(10)

15. Solve the initial value problem + 4𝑦 = 𝑒 sin 2𝑥 , 𝑦(0) = 𝑦 (0) = 0 using Laplace

Transform method.

16. Solve the following initial value problem by using Laplace’s transformation −
2, 0 < 𝑡 < 4
3 + 2𝑦 = ℎ(𝑡), where ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦 (0) = 0. (15, 2022)
0, 𝑡>4

( )
17. Given that 𝐿{𝑓(𝑡); 𝑝} = 𝐹(𝑝). Show that ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝐹(𝑥)𝑑𝑥. Hence evaluate the

integral ∫ 𝑑𝑡. (10, 2023)

18. Solve the following initial value problem by suing the Laplace transform

technique: −4 + 3𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑓(𝑡), 𝑦(0) = 1, 𝑦 (0) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑡) is a given function

of 𝑡. (15, 2023)

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By Avinash Singh, B. Tech IIT R, Ex IES