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HVAC System Design and Components

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Rod Kenneth Lubong
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42 views

HVAC System Design and Components

Uploaded by

Rod Kenneth Lubong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HVAC System

Design and
Components
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems are critical for
maintaining comfortable and healthy indoor environments in buildings.
This overview covers the major types of HVAC systems, their
components, and design considerations for different applications. From
all-air systems to heat pumps, we'll explore the various options available
to engineers and building owners for efficiently controlling temperature,
humidity, and air quality.

MY by Mohamed Yassein
System Design
Considerations
1 Load Analysis
Perform detailed heating and cooling load calculations for
each zone.

2 Equipment Selection
Choose appropriate HVAC equipment types and sizes
based on loads.

3 Distribution Design
Design ductwork and piping systems to efficiently
distribute air and water.

4 Controls Integration
Develop control sequences and schematics for system
operation.
Duct Sizing and Design
Size ducts to minimize pressure drop and resultant fan power
requirements.

Consider shaft and ceiling space requirements when routing ductwork.

Design proper air diffusion devices following codes and standards.

Include balancing dampers to allow for airflow adjustment.


HVAC Zoning and Sensors

Zone Definition Sensor Placement Control Strategy


Divide building into thermal zones Locate temperature and humidity Develop zoning plans and control
based on usage, orientation, and sensors in representative areas of sequences to maintain comfort in
loads. each zone. each area.
Control Sequences and Schematics

Control Schematics Sequence of Operations


Develop detailed schematics showing control system Create written sequences describing how the system
components and connections. should operate under various conditions.
HVAC System Types

Variable Air Variable Radiant Systems Thermal Storage


Volume (VAV) Refrigerant Flow Heats or cools surfaces to Stores cooling or heating
Varies airflow to meet (VRF) condition spaces through capacity for use during
changing loads while Uses refrigerant as the radiation. peak demand periods.
maintaining constant cooling/heating medium
supply air temperature. with the ability to serve
multiple zones.
HVAC Flow Diagrams

Piping Diagrams Air Flow Diagrams


Detailed schematics showing equipment, piping, and Schematics illustrating air distribution paths and
instrumentation connections. components in the HVAC system.
Equipment Selection
1 2 3 4

Load Analysis System Type Equipment Energy Analysis


Calculate peak and Selection Sizing Perform energy
part-load Choose appropriate Select air handling simulations to
requirements for HVAC system type units, chillers, boilers, optimize equipment
heating, cooling, and based on building and other components selection for
ventilation. requirements and to meet calculated efficiency.
constraints. loads.
Air Diffusion and Devices
Diffuser Types Throw and Spread
Select appropriate diffusers (e.g. ceiling, sidewall, Consider air throw distance and spread to ensure
floor) based on space requirements. proper coverage of conditioned spaces.

Noise Criteria Architectural Integration


Choose diffusers to meet room noise requirements, Coordinate diffuser placement with ceiling grids,
typically NC-30 to NC-35 for offices. lighting, and other architectural elements.
Detailed HVAC Design Process
Conceptual Design
1 Develop initial system concept based on building requirements and constraints.

Load Calculations
2 Perform detailed heating, cooling, and ventilation load calculations for each zone.

Equipment Selection
3 Choose and size HVAC equipment based on calculated loads and system type.

Distribution Design
4 Design ductwork, piping, and terminal devices to distribute air and water efficiently.

Controls Integration
5 Develop control sequences and integrate building automation system.
HVAC Schematics and Drawings

Plan Drawings Elevation Views Section Views


Top-down views showing Side views illustrating vertical Cut-through views providing
equipment locations, ductwork, and relationships between HVAC detailed information on equipment
piping layouts. components. and ductwork installation.
Diffuser and Grille
Selection
When selecting air diffusers and grilles for an HVAC system, there are
several key factors to consider:

Diffuser Type:

Square ceiling diffusers are commonly used in offices and classrooms,


providing medium air throw in a 4-way pattern.
Linear slot diffusers are well-suited for perimeter zones, delivering
long air throws in a 1-way or 2-way configuration.
Sidewall grilles work well in corridors and lobbies, providing long air
throws with adjustable vanes.
Floor diffusers are ideal for underfloor air distribution systems,
offering short 360-degree air throws.

The selection of diffuser type should be based on the specific


requirements of the space, including airflow patterns, throw distance, and
architectural integration.
Building Design Concept Modifications
Energy Impact Space Requirements System Flexibility
Evaluate how changes to building Assess impact of architectural Consider how design changes may
envelope, orientation, or glazing changes on mechanical room sizes affect future expansion or
affect HVAC loads. and shaft locations. reconfiguration of HVAC systems.
New System Technologies
Integration

VRF Systems ECM Motors


Integrate variable refrigerant flow systems Utilize electronically commutated motors
for efficient zone-level control. for improved fan efficiency.

Building Automation Heat Recovery


Implement advanced building automation Incorporate energy recovery ventilation to
and analytics for optimized operation. reduce heating and cooling loads.
Existing Equipment
Evaluation
1 Capacity Assessment
Measure and verify capacities of existing air handling systems,
chillers, and cooling towers.

2 Condition Evaluation
Inspect equipment for wear, damage, or obsolescence that may
affect performance.

3 Documentation Review
Obtain and review original equipment shop drawings and
maintenance records.

4 Performance Testing
Conduct field measurements to determine actual operating
efficiencies and capacities.
HVAC Demolition Planning
1 Equipment Inventory
Create detailed list of equipment and systems to be
removed or relocated.

2 Phasing Plan
Develop demolition sequence to minimize disruption to
occupied spaces.

3 Safety Considerations
Identify hazardous materials and develop abatement
procedures if needed.

4 Drawing Preparation
Create demolition drawings showing equipment and
systems to be removed.
Redundancy and Reliability
N+1 Configuration
Provide one additional unit beyond what is required to meet the
design load.

2N Configuration
Fully duplicate critical systems for maximum reliability.

Fan Arrays
Use multiple smaller fans instead of one large fan for improved
redundancy.

Direct Drive Fans


Eliminate belt-driven fans to reduce maintenance and improve
reliability.

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