Self-Instruction Packet (SIPack)

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

The Human Person in Society
nd
2 Quarter, Week 5, MELC 7.1 & 7.2

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard
The learner understands the interplay between the individuality of human beings
and their social contexts
B. Performance Standard
The learner evaluates the formation of human relationships and how individuals
are shaped by their social contexts
C. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)
1. [7.1] Recognize how individuals form societies and how individuals are
transformed by societies
2. [7.2] Compare different forms of societies and individualities (e.g. Agrarian,
Industrial and Virtual)

II. CONTENT THE HUMAN PERSON IN SOCIETY

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages: [7-11] Abella, Roberto D., Introduction to the Philosophy of
the Human Person, Published in 2016 by C & E Publishing, Inc.
2. Learner’s Materials pages: [25, 28, 29, 37-40] Abella, Roberto D., Introduction to
the Philosophy of the Human Person, Published in 2016 by C & E Publishing, Inc.
3. Textbook pages: [18-40] Abella, Roberto D., Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person, Published in 2016 by C & E Publishing, Inc.
4. Additional materials from Learning Resource (LR) portal

B. Other Learning Resources

1. Ramos, Christine Carmela Ramos, Christine to the Philosophy of the Human

Person, Published in 2016 by Rex Book Store, Inc., Sampaloc, Manila
2. Gallinero, Winston B. & Estaris, Richard Juanito V., Introduction to the Philosophy
of the Human Person for Senior High School, Published in 2017 by Mutya
Publishing House, Inc., Malabon City

IV. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Presenting the New Lesson Activity: (10 points)

Describe yourself in relation to the following. Complete the following statements

o In my family, I am the ______________________________________________
o My family has made me ____________________________________________
o In my school, I consider myself _______________________________________
o My school has helped me become ____________________________________
o In my community, I am a ____________________________________________
o My community has enabled me to _____________________________________

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 B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

At the end of the lesson, you are expected:

1. To comprehend how human lives have been changed by the emergence of
societies;
2. To evaluate the different forms of societies, and how each one contributes to the
other; and
3. To enrich one’s knowledge of the dynamism of human relations in consonance
with how societies have been altered by these human relations.

C. Presenting examples/ instances of the new lesson

Formative Assessment Activity 1:
A Tribute to Our First Friend: Our Mothers:
The bravest battle that ever was fought;
Shall I tell you where and when?
On the maps of the world you will find it not;
It was fought by the mothers of men.
- Joaquin Miller, The Bravest Battle

Exercises:

1. Who is a friend?
2. Do you appreciate your friends?
3. Is it possible to listen and affirm than blame?

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills # 1

Formative Assessment Activity 2: (5 points)

Write a 3-sentence reflection on what it means to be “a person for others.”
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills # 2

Formative Assessment Activity 3: (3 points)

Write a 2-sentence personal definition of society?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

F. Developing Mastery

 WHAT IS SOCIETY? What drives human beings to establish societies?

- an organized group of people whose members interact frequently and have
a common territory and culture.

- refers to a companionship or friendly association with others, an alliance, a

community, or a union.
- Philosophers consider society the product of deliberate action by individuals
who come together in pursuit of a common goal

 THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY. During the Enlightenment, social philosophers

pondered the natural laws that govern human societies, and in their discourses,
several philosophers put forth their theories regarding the formation of societies.
Enlightenment philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean
Jacques Rousseau were among the most prominent social theorists who tackled the
origins of human society
- To fully understand the true character of society, they imagined humans as
living in a so-called “natural state” – removed from modernity and

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 civilization. They examined humans in their natural state which afforded
these philosophers an opportunity to discuss the origins of society and relate
them to other concepts such as man’s intrinsic nature and liberty. Various
views emerged to explain the developments that brought about the
emergence of human society.
- For Thomas Hobbes, persons in their natural states are governed by their
desires and these often lead to conflict with their fellowmen. Society,
therefore, is the means by which people seek to control their natural
tendencies and impose order. Individuals who establish societies enter into
a “social contract” – an agreement where individuals sacrifice an amount of
their freedom and meet the needs of the many, ensuring the survival of
humanity.
- John Locke proposed that persons in their natural states are more
cooperative and reasonable, and that society is formed through the consent
of the individuals that organized it. This concept is known as the “consent
of the governed.” Locke’s social contract is a covenant among individuals
to cooperate and share the burden of upholding the welfare of society. Also,
the authority established to run society should reflect the ideals of the people
who organized it.
- Jean Jacques Rousseau’s ideas on the social contract led him to advocate
the concept of the “general will.” Rousseau believed that even if the people
are the ones who organized the society and established an authority of the
government, in extreme cases, the government is able to impose its will on
the people. This is based on the assumption that the people have
empowered the government to act on their behalf, and that it is considered
to be the best judge of what is most beneficial for society.
- John Rawls redefined social contract and explained that human beings
approach social cooperation in a rational manner in order to meet their
individual self-interests. Rawls introduced a version of the natural state which
he called “original position” to explain social formation. He proposed
humans as having a “veil of ignorance” or no knowledge of one’s own
characteristics such as gender, race, or social status. In this state, humans
would naturally seek a just and fair society in an effort to look out for their
own interests.
- David Gauthier described people’s self-interest as a significant factor in
building and maintaining societies. People choose to cooperate since it is
beneficial to meet their self-interests. But this selfish interest benefits society
as a whole, since the actions of individuals in meeting their individual needs
also further the interests of the other members of society.
- It is important to note that society is founded on the concept of the common
good. The common good refers to the social conditions which enable
persons and groups to fulfill their goals and achieve well-being. Our nature
as human persons drives us to do what is good, and we recognize that other
persons also desire goodness as well. When more than one person desires
and works to achieve the same good, then it can be said that a common good
exists among them.

 WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIETIES?

- Hunting and Gathering Society – This is recognized as the earliest and
simplest form of society characterized mainly by its small size and composed
of families. They are nomadic tribe because they spend most of their time
searching for food and thus, have no permanent territory.
- Pastoral Society – This type of society is characterized by the domestication
of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply.
- Horticultural Society – This society is primarily engaged in the small-scale
cultivation of plants, fruits, and vegetables and the domestication of animals.
Horticultural societies are semi-nomadic, which means they keep traveling to
another place when they have already depleted the resources in one area.

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 - Agrarian or Agricultural Society – This type of society is a further evolution
of the pastoral and horticultural societies. Agriculture involves the large-scale
and long-term cultivation of crops and domestication of animals. This society
is characterized by improved technology and the use of tools to aid in
farming.
- Feudal Society – This is based on the ownership of the land. Those who
own land are considered the most powerful and influential members of
society. In a feudal society, rulers grant their followers or vassals the right to
manage parcels of land. These vassals, in turn, are served by peasant
workers who cultivate the land and tend to the animals in the farms.
- Industrial Society – This is based on the use of specialized machinery in
the production of goods and services. The technological advances resulted
in the improved trade and commerce and better life conditions for many
people.
- Post-Industrial Society – This is marked by the establishment of societies
based on knowledge, information, and the sale of services. Information
influences the behavior of the people and has become a very important
commodity in the post-industrial society. Members of this society have a
higher educational attainment. Virtual Reality – this is where people
organize themselves through communication technology and the Internet.

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Summative Assessment Activity 1: Individual Performance Task

Reflect on how your relationships and roles in society have changed throughout your life.
Copy the table below and complete it by writing the required information.

I often relate to the I performed the

Period
following groups following roles

Early Childhood

Elementary

High School

What significant changes have you noticed in your relationships with others
throughout your life? What role did society play in these changes?

RUBRIC

CRITERIA POINTS POINTS

OBTAINED
Conformity to the
20
objective of the work
Thoroughness of the
15
responses given
Presentation and
aesthetics of the 15
finished work
TOTAL 50/50

H. Making generalization and abstractions about the lesson

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 Formative Assessment Activity 5: Socratic Method [Generalization
Questions] (10 points)

1. How do Philosophers consider or define society?

2. Explain the concept of “natural state” as a Social Contract Theory.
3. Explain how you understand the definition of “Social Contract.”
4. Can—what we are doing now like online learning and zoom meeting and intense
use of social media—be considered virtual reality?
5. Are Post Industrial Society and Virtual Reality just the same?

I. Evaluating learning Summative Assessment Activity 2: Quiz (20 points)

In a paragraph of 10 to 15 sentences, explain this –

John Locke said that persons in their natural states are more cooperative
and reasonable, and society is shaped by the consent of the individuals who
organized it. This concept is “the consent of the governed,” a social
contract or a covenant among individuals to cooperate and share the
burden of upholding the welfare of society. It also means that the
authority that governs society should reflect the ideals of the people who
organized it.

CRITERIA Points Points Earned

Content 10
Clarity of ideas 5
Organization of thoughts 5
TOTAL 20

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Deepening

In a paragraph of 10 to 15 sentences, answer this –

Is society part of the culture, or is culture part of society?

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