GROUPED PROJECTS FOR SAFE WATER

PROGRAM IN UGANDA
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Project title Grouped Projects for Safe Water Program in Uganda

Project ID 5114

Crediting period 01-Sep-2022 to 31-Aug-2029

Original date of issue 21-May-2024

Most recent date of

11-Jun-2024
issue

Version 1.0

VCS Standard Version 4.7

Prepared by Pure Water Ltd.

CONTENTS
1 PROJECT DETAILS ................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Summary Description of the Project ............................................................................... 4
1.2 Audit History ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Sectoral Scope and Project Type ................................................................................... 5
1.4 Project Eligibility ................................................................................................................. 5
1.5 Project Design ................................................................................................................... 7
1.6 Project Proponent ........................................................................................................... 13
1.7 Other Entities Involved in the Project ............................................................................ 13
1.8 Ownership ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.9 Project Start Date ............................................................................................................ 14
1.10 Project Crediting Period ................................................................................................. 14
1.11 Project Scale and Estimated GHG Emission Reductions or Removals...................... 15
1.12 Description of the Project Activity ................................................................................. 15
1.13 Project Location .............................................................................................................. 19
1.14 Conditions Prior to Project Initiation .............................................................................. 22
1.15 Compliance with Laws, Statutes and Other Regulatory Frameworks ...................... 22
1.16 Double Counting and Participation under Other GHG Programs ............................ 22
1.17 Double Claiming, Other Forms of Credit, and Scope 3 Emissions ............................. 23
1.18 Sustainable Development Contributions ..................................................................... 23
1.19 Additional Information Relevant to the Project .......................................................... 24

2 SAFEGUARDS AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ........................................... 24

2.1 Stakeholder Engagement and Consultation .............................................................. 25
2.2 Risks to Stakeholders and the Environment.................................................................. 30
2.3 Respect for Human Rights and Equity .......................................................................... 33
2.4 Ecosystem Health ............................................................................................................ 35

3 APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY ................................................................... 36

3.1 Title and Reference of Methodology ........................................................................... 36
3.2 Applicability of Methodology........................................................................................ 36
3.3 Project Boundary ............................................................................................................ 44
3.4 Baseline Scenario ............................................................................................................ 45
 3.5 Additionality..................................................................................................................... 45
3.6 Methodology Deviations................................................................................................ 47

4 QUANTIFICATION OF ESTIMATED GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND

REMOVALS ......................................................................................................... 47
4.1 Baseline Emissions ............................................................................................................ 47
4.2 Project Emissions .............................................................................................................. 54
4.3 Leakage Emissions .......................................................................................................... 55
4.4 Estimated GHG Emission Reductions and Carbon Dioxide Removals ..................... 55

5 MONITORING..................................................................................................... 63
5.1 Data and Parameters Available at Validation ........................................................... 63
5.2 Data and Parameters Monitored ................................................................................. 70
5.3 Monitoring Plan ............................................................................................................... 82

APPENDIX 1: COMMERCIALLY SENSITIVE INFORMATION .......................................... 91

APPENDIX 2: BASELINE SURVEY ................................................................................... 92

 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

1 PROJECT DETAILS
1.1 Summary Description of the Project

The intention of the grouped project involves the installation of low greenhouse gas emitting
water purification systems i.e., chlorine dispensers, to provide clean drinking water to low-
income households/communities in Uganda. For this reason, this proposed grouped project
aims at reducing the non-renewable woody biomass consumption from traditional stove users
by installing chlorine dispensers at communal water points.

The grouped project reduces the use and demand for fossil fuels and non-renewable biomass
that would have been used to boil water as a mean to purify water in the absence of this
grouped project. This directly leads to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, it can
be helpful to beneficiaries’ health.

The grouped project targets households in rural communities with no previous safe water
access. The geographical boundary is in Uganda. Chlorine dispensers are installed free of cost
for communities.

The scenario existing prior to the implementation of the grouped project is the actual baseline
scenario which is equal to the existing common practice by the households i.e. in absence of
the project activity the equivalent amount of thermal energy generated using charcoal or
firewood in traditional stoves (e.g., three stone fires, or conventional charcoal stoves) to meet
the demand of boiling water.

The grouped project initially has installed in total around 12,161 chlorine dispensers in Uganda.
Currently, there are 9 project activity instances under this grouped project. The chlorine
dispenser were installed between March 2022 and May 2023. The estimates of annual average
and total GHG emission reductions from each project activity instance for the chosen crediting
period are listed in the table below:

Project Activity Number of chlorine Estimates of annual Estimates of total

Instance dispensers installed average emission emission reductions
reductions in CP1
A 1,303 52,871 370,097
B 1,633 52,985 370,895
C 1,442 53,635 375,445
D 1,742 49,312 345,184
E 1,375 50,337 352,359
F 1,398 47,454 332,178
G 938 51,021 357,147
H 985 50,432 353,024

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I 1,345 52,858 370,006

Total 12,161 460,905 3,226,335

1.2 Audit History

The grouped project is a new project now seeking for validation and registration under the VCS,
the project validation has not started yet. The validation date would be provided here once the
validation starts.
Audit type Period Program Validation/verification Number
body name of years

Validation/ NA VCS EcoLance /

verification

1.3 Sectoral Scope and Project Type

Sectoral scope1 3. Energy demand

Project activity type Project Type III: “other project activities not included in Type I
or Type II that result in GHG emission reductions not
exceeding 60,000 tCO2e per year in any year of the crediting
period”.

1.4 Project Eligibility

General eligibility

The grouped project involves installation of water purification systems (chlorine dispensers)
which falls under the category of reducing demand of fossil fuel and non-renewable biomass
that would have been used to boil the water. Therefore, the grouped project does not fall under
the list of the excluded project activities in Table 2.1 of the VCS Standard.

The grouped project meets the requirements related to the pipeline listing deadline, the
opening meeting with the validation/verification body, and the validation deadline:

The grouped project is a non-AFOLU project, so no pipeline listing deadline is applied. The
grouped project will be listed on the project pipeline with a status of under validation before
the opening meeting with the project proponent. The grouped project would complete
validation within two years of the project start date.

1 Projects, activities, or methodologies may be developed under any of the 16 VCS sectoral scopes:

https://verra.org/programs/verified-carbon-standard/vcs-program-details/#sectoral-scopes

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The methodology applied for this grouped project is AMS-III.AV: “Low greenhouse gas-emitting
safe drinking water production systems”, Version 08.0. The methodology is eligible under the
VCS Program. The grouped project is Type III project, with GHG emission reductions of each
project activity instance not exceeding 60,000 tCO2e per year in any year of the crediting
period; and any project activity instance under the grouped project is not a fragmented part of
a larger project or activity that would otherwise exceed such limits.

As per section 2.1.1 of the VCS Standard, v4.7, the grouped project is eligible under the scope
of the VCS Program because this grouped project meets the scopes of the VCS Program:

Scope of the VCS Program Project applicability

1) The seven Kyoto Protocol greenhouse The grouped project and AMS-III.AV version
gases. 08.0 aim at CO2 reduction of fossil fuels and
non-renewable biomass. CO2 is one of the
seven Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases.

2) Ozone-depleting substances (ODS). Not applicable.

3) Project activities supported by a Not applicable.

methodology approved under the VCS
Program through the methodology
development and review process.

4) Project activities supported by a The methodology applied for the grouped

methodology approved under an approved project is the CDM small-scale methodology:
GHG program, unless explicitly excluded AMS-III.AV version 08, which is under the list
(see the Verra website for exclusions). of active CDM methodologies of the VCS
Program Methodologies2.

5) Jurisdictional REDD+ programs and Not applicable.

nested REDD+ projects as set out in the
Jurisdictional and Nested REDD+ (JNR)
Requirements.

AFOLU project eligibility

Not applicable. The grouped project is a non-AFOLU project.

Transfer project eligibility

2 https://verra.org/methodologies-main/#vcs-methodologies

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Not applicable. The grouped project is neither a transfer projects nor CPAs seeking registration.

1.5 Project Design

The project has been designed as:

☐ Single location or installation

☐ Multiple locations or project activity instances (but not a grouped project)

☒ Grouped project

Grouped project design

The initial design of the Grouped project includes 9 project activity instances. The project
instances titles, the project areas included in each project instance and the start date of each
project instance are show in the table below:

Project Activity Instance District Start Date

Project Activity Instance A Bugiri and Mayuge 02-Sep-2022

Project Activity Instance B Bugiri, Busia and Namayingo 07-Oct-2022

Project Activity Instance C Busia, Jinja, Mayuge and 13-Jan-2023

Namayingo

Project Activity Instance D Bugweri, Iganga and Mayuge 01-Sep-2022

Project Activity Instance E Jinja, Kamuli and Luuka 01-Sep-2022

Project Activity Instance F Iganga, Jinja, Kamuli and 01-Sep-2022

Luuka

Project Activity Instance G Jinja and Kamuli 01-Sep-2022

Project Activity Instance H Buyende and Kamuli 01-Sep-2022

Project Activity Instance I Buyende, Kaliro and Luuka 01-Sep-2022

For the inclusion of new project activity instance, the project proponent shall ensure that it
meets the eligibility criteria set out as per section 3.6.16 to 3.6.18 of the VCS Standard v4.7 as
table below:

No. Eligibility criterion - Eligibility criterion – Supporting evidence for

Category Required condition inclusion

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1. Meet the applicability The new project activity All the project activity
conditions set out in the instance will meet all instances under the
methodology applied to the applicability conditions of grouped project will meet
project. AMS-III.AV: “Low all applicability conditions
greenhouse gas-emitting listed in section 3.2.
safe drinking water
production systems”,
version 08.0.

2. Use the technologies or Each instance under this Water purification systems
measures specified in the grouped project will consist (chlorine dispensers) will
project description. of the distribution of water be distributed within each
purification systems to the project instance using
households/communities technology which is
that boil or would boil illustrated in details in
water for purification in Section 1.12.
baseline.

The water purification

technologies include a low
greenhouse gas emitting
technology as per section
1.12 of this project
description.

Technologies that use

fossil fuels are not eligible.
Technologies shall meet
minimum criteria for
specific instance type, as
outline below:

Technologies shall be
deployed chlorine
dispensers with the
components illustrated in
section 1.12 of this project
description.

3. Apply the technologies or Technologies that use Water purification systems

measures in the same fossil fuels are not eligible. (chlorine dispensers) will
manner as specified in the Technologies shall meet be distributed within each
project description. instance using technology

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minimum criteria for which is illustrated in

specific instance type. details in Section 1.12.

4. Are subject to the baseline The new project activity The project activity
scenario determined in the instance will be instance is conducted in
project description for the distributed/installed in the households/communities
specified project activity households/communities within Uganda. The
and geographic area. within Uganda only subject information proves the
to the same baseline addresses for
scenario determined in distribution/installation will
section 3.4. be provided in the
installation records and,
database.

5. Have characteristics with New project activity - Chlorine dispensers shall

respect to additionality instances should meet the be proved to be isolated
that are consistent with the following criteria: units from supporting
initial instances for the documentation confirming
- chlorine dispensers as
specified project activity that the units are indeed
the isolated units should
and geographic area. isolated units intended for
be installed
use at each single
- all new project activity communal water point in
instances shall comply with Uganda under the grouped
the CDM “methodological project.
tool 19: demonstration of
- The targeted
additionality of microscale
households/communities
project activities”, the
and the quantities shall
conditions to ensure that
clearly be recorded.
new project activity
instances that will be - Additionality shall be
included shall meet the demonstrated by applying
small-scale or microscale the provision under para.
thresholds and remain 13, 14, and 15 of the Tool-
within those thresholds 19, where each of the
throughout the crediting units comprised in the new
period. project activity instances
shall achieve emission
reductions at a scale of no
more than 20 ktCO2e.

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The additionality of the

project activity instance is
illustrated in Section 3.5.

6. Occur within one of the New project activity The new project activity
designated geographic instances will be located instance is conducted in
areas specified in the within the geographic households/communities
project description. boundaries of Uganda. within Uganda. The
information proves the
The new project activity
addresses for distribution
instances geographic
will be provided in the
location will be defined in
installation records and
the monitoring reports.
database.

7. Conform with at least one New project activity All of the project activity
complete set of eligibility instances must comply set instances under the
criteria for the inclusion of of eligibility criteria for the grouped project must
new project activity inclusion of new project comply set of eligibility
instances. Partial activity instances in the criteria for the inclusion of
conformance with multiple table. new project activity
sets of eligibility criteria is instances in this table.
insufficient.

8. Be included in the New project activity The information proves the

monitoring report with instances must comprise technical, financial,
sufficient technical, monitoring plans that geographic for
financial, geographic, and outline the technical, distribution/installation will
other relevant information financial, geographic and be provided in the
to demonstrate other relevant information monitoring period to DOE.
conformance with the to enable sampling by the
applicable set of eligibility validation/verification
criteria and enable body.
evidence gathering by the
validation/verification
body.

9. Have evidence of project New project activity All of project instances

ownership, in respect of instances will demonstrate under the grouped project
each project activity ownership by the project will confirm about
instance, held by the proponent, from the start ownership by agreements
project proponent from the date of the instance. between Pure Water and
respective start date of the project proponent
each project activity (Evidence Action) before

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instance (i.e., the date start date of instance; and

upon which the project the carbon rights waivers
activity instance began between project proponent
reducing or removing GHG and representatives of
emissions). end-users.

10. Have a start date that is Only project activity Each project activity
the same as or later than instance having a start instance will have a start
the grouped project start date that is the same as or date that is the same as or
date. later than the grouped later than the grouped
project start date will be project start date.
included in the grouped
project.

11. Be eligible for crediting New project activity All of the instances under
from the start date of the instance within this the grouped project shall
project activity instance grouped shall only be only be eligible for
through to the end of the eligible for crediting from crediting from its start date
project crediting period its start date through to through to the end of the
(only). the end of the project project crediting period.
crediting period

12. Only be eligible for New project activity All of instances under the
crediting from the later of instance within this grouped project shall only
start date of the project grouped project shall only be eligible for crediting
activity instance or the be eligible for crediting from the later of start date
start of the verification from the later of start date of the project activity
period in which they were of the project activity instance or the start of the
added to the grouped instance or the start of the verification period in which
project, through to the end verification period in which they were added to the
of the total project they were added to the grouped project, through to
crediting period. grouped project, through to the end of the total project
the end of the total project crediting period.
crediting period.

13. Not be or have been All of new project activity All of new project activity
enrolled in another VCS instances within this instances within this
project. grouped project will be a grouped project will be a
new activity and not be or new activity and not be or
have been enrolled in have been enrolled in
another VCS project. another VCS project.

This is confirmed in section

1.17.

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14. Capacity Limits Each project activity All of instances under this
instance in this grouped grouped project will have
project will have maximum GHG emission reductions
capacity of 60,000 tCO2e not exceeding 60,000
per year throughout the tCO2e per year throughout
project activity instance the crediting period.
crediting period.

15. Conditions that avoid The new project activity Each chlorine dispenser
double counting of instances will: within project activity
emission reductions instances under the
- Apply a unique serial
grouped project is uniquely
number for each water
identifiable and not part of
purification system in
any other CDM/VCS
each project activity
registered project or
instance, assigning a
instance of the other
unique ID to each
grouped project.
water purification
device and allowing to
clearly identify each
water purification
device and to which
project activity
instance it belongs.

- Each water purification

device installed will
include project activity
instance assignment
and will have
corresponding end
user details (i.e. name,
address). This data will
be recorded as the
user lists.

16. Target group Each project activity All of instances under the
instance will target grouped project within
households Uganda satisfies the
/communities/institutions criteria. The end users of
where use traditional low- chlorine dispensers would
efficiency cookstoves to be surveyed to show if they
boil water. were using woody biomass

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to boil drinking water

before using the chlorine
dispensers.

1.6 Project Proponent

Evidence Action
Organization
name
Rajab Hamisi
Contact person

Title -

Address 1133 Connecticut Ave NW Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20036, USA

Telephone +254 472 343 9996

Email [email protected]

1.7 Other Entities Involved in the Project

Organization Pure Water Ltd.

name

Role in the project Project consultancy

Contact person Jane Duan

Title Senior Manager

Address Technoparkstrasse 1, Zurich, Switzerland

Telephone +41 43 501 35 50

Email [email protected]

Organization South Pole Carbon Asset Management Ltd.

name

Role in the project Communication representative

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Contact person Jane Duan

Title Senior Manager

Address Technoparkstrasse 1, Zurich, Switzerland

Telephone +41 43 501 35 50

Email [email protected]

1.8 Ownership
The water purification devices end-users transfer their rights on ownership of carbon credits to
the project proponent via the carbon rights waiver.

The service agreement is signed between the project proponent (Evidence Action) and project
consultancy (Pure Water Ltd.) to facilitate the registration and issuance for the project as per
carbon standard requirements and sales of credits.

1.9 Project Start Date

Project start date 01-Sep-2022

Justification As per requirement of the VCS Standard, v4.7, the project

start date of a non-AFOLU project is the date on which the
project began generating GHG emission reductions or carbon
dioxide removals.

This grouped project is a non-AFOLU project, and the date of

the use of the chlorine dispenser(s) is defined as the project
start date of the grouped project, which conforms with the
requirement of the VCS Standard.

This is the earliest date among the 9 initial project instances

when the use of chlorine dispensers started, leading to GHG
reductions. Refer to Section 1.5.1 for the start date of each
project instance.

1.10 Project Crediting Period

Crediting period ☒ Seven years, twice renewable

☐ Ten years, fixed

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☐ Other (state the selected crediting period and justify how it

conforms with the VCS Program requirements)

Start and end date of First crediting period:

first or fixed crediting
01-Sep-2022 to 31-Aug-2029
period

1.11 Project Scale and Estimated GHG Emission Reductions or Removals

☐ < 300,000 tCO2e/year (project)
☒ ≥ 300,000 tCO2e/year (large project)

Calendar year of crediting Estimated GHG emission reductions or removals

period (tCO 2 e)

01-September-2022 to 31- 153,635

December-2022

01-January-2023 to 31-December- 460,905

2023

01-January-2024 to 31-December- 460,905

2024

01-January-2025 to 31-December- 460,905

2025

01-January-2026 to 31-December- 460,905

2026

01-January-2027 to 31-December- 460,905

2027

01-January-2028 to 31-December- 460,905

2028

01-January-2029 to 31-August-2029 307,270

Total estimated ERRs during the 3,226,335

first or fixed crediting period

Total number of years 7

Average annual ERRs 460,905

1.12 Description of the Project Activity

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The small-scale project activity instances under this grouped project consist of the distribution
and installation of water purification technologies (chlorine dispensers) in Uganda.

All the small-scale project activity instances under the grouped project will be Type III: Energy
demand. The average annual emission reductions of each project activity instance would not
exceed 60,000 tCO2e.

Inadequate access to microbiologically safe drinking water continuously threatens the health
and well-being of more than a billion people, primarily in developing countries. In many areas
worldwide the central water infrastructure is not available at all, or not reliable, leading to
unsafe water at the tap. In such cases, decentralized water treatment can be used. In Uganda,
a lot of rural population doesn’t have access to safe drinking water.

The grouped project seeks to further the access of households and communities to safe
drinking water, using low greenhouse gas emitting water purification technologies (chlorine
dispensers). Each project activity instance reduces the use and demand of non-renewable
biomass that would have been used to boil the water as a mean of water purification in the
absence of the grouped project. This directly leads to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. This
grouped project is thus primarily designed for the long-term improvement of the living
conditions of the local communities in Uganda.

The grouped project is a voluntary initiative undertaken and implemented by Evidence Action
(project proponent) on a voluntary basis.

There are 9 project activity instances initially included in this grouped project. The water
purification technologies installed in each project activity instance are chlorine dispensers.

Chlorine dispensers are an innovative, low-cost approach proven to increase rates of household
water treatment. Chlorination also provides residual protection against recontamination for up
to 72 hours. The chlorine dispenser program includes dispenser hardware, community
education, and a regular supply of chlorine (see Figure 1). To use the dispenser, community
members go to their water source, place their bucket or jerrican under the dispenser, turn the
valve to dispense the correct amount of chlorine, and then fill the bucket as they normally
would with water from the source. Based on the results of the turbidity measurements during
the water point spotcheck survey the community is informed to turn the valve either once (3 ml)
or twice (6 ml). Evidence Action educates the community about the dangers of contaminated
water and how to use the dispenser to treat their water. A community member is elected to be
the dispenser ‘promoter’, who encourages use of the dispenser, reports any problems, and
refills the dispenser with chlorine. Evidence Action provides on-going servicing of the
dispensers such that communities have sustainable access to safe water over the long-term.

Treating water with chlorine at the source provides an effective, low cost and safe approach to
improving water quality and reducing the impact of child diarrhea in Uganda. Chlorine kills
99.99% of harmful bacteria, keeps water free from contamination for up to 72 hours, and
reduces the incidence of diarrhea by approximately 40%.

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Figure 1: Chlorine dispenser system

Hardware specification
Dispenser casing Injection-molded HDPE tank produced in Kenya
Dispenser tank Blow-molded HDPE tank produced in Kenya; capacity 3 liters
Dispenser tank valve Imported from USA; delivers a precise 3ml dose of chlorine
Marine padlock Imported from China
Asset tag Imported from USA
Chlorine Sodium hypochlorite solution, 11.90 minimum pH, 1.2% ± 0.1
available chlorine; imported from Kenya in 5-liter container with
tamper-resistant cap
Hardware lifetime 5 - 10 years (replaceable)
Load factor 28’800 L per day3

The following operational procedure is followed:

1. Area selection : the installation areas have been selected due to their high prevalence of child
mortality, high diarrhea rates, and very low coverage of treated piped water.

2. Local Stakeholders Meeting and Waterpoints Nomination: Introduction of the program to the
regional officials, district-level government stakeholders, and local leaders. The program secures
support from the local stakeholders. The support from these officials is essential since they play an
important role in creating public awareness about chlorine dispensers and in building trust with
communities. In this meeting, the program obtains a list of water points from the administrative
leaders/ village elders in the area in collaboration with the community health workers, health
surveillance assistants, water extension workers, and other relevant stakeholders.

3 Assuming 30 seconds per dispensing over 12 hours per day

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3. Waterpoint Verification: This activity involves physical visit to the nominated waterpoints. A
water point spotcheck survey is conducted by the program team to the waterpoints nominated by
the Local Stakeholders in order to collect key information to determine the waterpoint eligibility for
dispenser installation. Eligibility criteria for dispenser installation include:
a) Flow rate- waterpoint must have an acceptable flow rate
b) Turbidity measurements - waterpoint must not be overly turbid such that chlorine will not
make the water safe to drink
c) Primary use- drinking must be a primary use for the water from the waterpoint
d) Households served- waterpoint must serve at least 10 households.
e) Pre-existing treatment- waterpoint must not have pre-existing chlorine treatment
infrastructure
f) Iron content- If water from the waterpoint has a salty taste, it must not stain clothing (i.e.,
must not have a high iron content)
For each waterpoint that meets eligibility criteria, a unique ID is assigned.

4. Village Community Sensitization Meeting (VCS Meeting): This meeting is conducted by program
team a few days or weeks before dispenser installation. The meeting is held at the village level with
the support of the Local council chairperson (LC1)/ Village elder and Village Health Team (VHT). It
entails conducting community sensitization meeting at village level and the village should have at
least a waterpoint that meets criteria for chlorine dispenser installation. The audience in this
meeting is the entire Village Community. The purpose if this meeting is 1). introduce chlorine
dispensers to the whole village community, 2). sensitize the community on the importance of
treating drinking water and related diseases, 3). secure buy-in for the program from the village
community and mobilize their support by contributing sand, ballast and security for the Chlorine
Dispensers, 4). communicate the water point verification pass list for the respective villages.
Through interviews collect feedback from stakeholders attending the VCS meeting on chlorine
dispensers and whether they want to have a dispenser installed.

5. Dispenser installation: Mount chlorine dispensers at waterpoints that qualified/meeting criteria

for dispenser installation. Dispenser installations are conducted by local artisans/ masons trained
and managed by Evidence Action. A dispenser consists of 3 main components- (casing, tank, and
PVC post).
a) PVC post: This is the pole that mounts the dispenser on the ground with concrete.
b) Dispenser Casing: Houses the chlorine tank inside. The casing has a lid on top, which is
locked. To access the tank, you open the lid. Each dispenser casing is marked with a
unique identification number on a scannable asset tag (barcode). The dispenser casing
also has instructional stickers describing on how to use the chlorine dispenser.
c) Chlorine tank: It’s a tank placed inside a dispenser casing. It holds the chlorine. It has a
cap. To refill the tank with chlorine, you open the cap.
d) Valve: This is the device protruding from the casing, facing downwards, which is fixed to the
tank inside. It dispenses the chlorine. It is calibrated to release the required dose of
chlorine. It has a knob that you must turn clockwise to release chlorine.
The allocation of this unique barcode ID to the unique water point ID is recorded in a central
database.

6. Waterpoint Users Education Meeting (WUEM): The meeting is conducted by the program staff
with the support of the LC1/ village elder, VHT and landowner. All waterpoint users are expected to
attend this meeting (children inclusive) at the waterpoint level where chlorine dispensers have been
installed. The objective of this meeting is to 1). introduce the chlorine dispenser program to the

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waterpoint users, 2). disseminate knowledge on chlorine dispenser usage to the community- final
consumers/beneficiaries/community is acquainted with knowledge on dispenser usage, 3).
facilitate selection and training of promoters (community volunteers) to manage the chlorine
dispenser on behalf of the community, and 4). discuss project sustainability, how the chlorine
dispenser system can generate carbon credits, and what a carbon credit is with the waterpoint
users who have attended the meeting. The promoter will then sign the Carbon Rights Waiver form
on behalf of the community/ waterpoints users affirming their understanding that: 1). the chlorine
dispenser may become a part of a carbon credit program and that if it does that the chlorine
dispenser as well as future chlorine refills and maintenance will be subsidized with the income from
the carbon credits generated, and 2). the users of the water point and chlorine dispenser give full
rights to any carbon credits generated from the dispenser to Evidence Action.

In this meeting, the community members learn about the dangers of drinking contaminated water,
and how to use the dispenser properly.

7. Ongoing Process Monitoring and Community Outreaches: Evidence Action maintains a central
database of all the dispensers installed and keeps it updated each time a dispenser barcode is
replaced due to vandalism and listing of all dispensers’ statuses on functionality. Evidence Action
ensures consistent and steady supply of chlorine refills through the promoters (volunteers) to
ensure that the dispenser is always available for use by the community. Maintenance of the
dispenser hardware keeps the dispensers functional at all times. Community Outreaches are aimed
at 1). motivating and keeping promoters active for better service delivery to community, 2).
enhancing chlorine dispenser program sustainability through chlorine adoption, and 3). engaging
community and boosting their knowledge on chlorine dispenser use and benefits of using chlorine
and chlorine dispenser- (social, economic, environmental and health) benefits. Evidence Action has
a well-established and functional call centre with a toll free line through with the promoters are
engaged through calls. The community members/ waterpoint users can also call this toll free line.

1.13 Project Location

The boundary of the grouped project is defined as the geographical area within which all the
small-scale project activity instances included in this grouped project will be implemented. The
geographical boundary of the grouped project will be the national boundary of the host country
Uganda.

The boundary for each project activity instance includes the physical, geographical sites of the
chlorine dispensers installed by the project activity instances and the
households/communities/institutional buildings where the consumers of safe water provided
by the systems are located.

The physical boundary of each project activity instance is the communities who use the water
points where the chlorine dispensers are installed. A database containing the water points IDs,
the GPS coordinates and unique IDs for all installed chlorine dispensers are established. The
unique identification numbers assigned for each water point and the corresponding chlorine
dispenser, and the location information of each installed chlorine dispensers would ensure that
each chlorine dispenser is subjected to a certain project activity instance; then the project
activity instance is uniquely identified, and no double counting happens.

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

The ranges of the geodetic coordinates of the initial 9 project activity instances have been
listed in the table below. And the project locations of the 9 instances have also been marked in
the maps below. A separate KML file is provided as per requirement.

Project Activity Instance District Name Coordinates range

Project Activity Instance A Bugiri and Mayuge N 0.32715 – 0.72605

E 33.61483 – 33.87608

Project Activity Instance B Bugiri, Busia and Namayingo N 0.23236 – 0.67974

E 33.83902 – 34.13585

Project Activity Instance C Busia, Jinja, Mayuge and N 0.16576 – 0.60119

Namayingo
E 33.29633 – 33.96185

Project Activity Instance D Bugweri, Iganga and Mayuge N 0.44537 – 0.89676

E 33.37471 – 33.67370

Project Activity Instance E Jinja, Kamuli and Luuka N 0.48042 – 0.84818

E 33.05726 – 33.40600

Project Activity Instance F Iganga, Jinja, Kamuli and N 0.53820 – 0.93938

Luuka
E 33.27529 – 33.55487

Project Activity Instance G Jinja and Kamuli N 0.65913 – 1.00131

E 33.03441 – 33.29996

Project Activity Instance H Buyende and Kamuli N 0.84761 – 1.43797

E 32.86649 – 33.26719

Project Activity Instance I Buyende, Kaliro and Luuka N 0.87298 – 1.30613

E 33.15617 – 33.59523

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Figure 2: Project boundary of the grouped project

Figure 3: Project boundary of the initially included 9 project activity instances

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

1.14 Conditions Prior to Project Initiation

The baseline scenario is the same as the conditions existing prior to the project initiation. The
baseline scenario has been described in detail in Section 3.4.

1.15 Compliance with Laws, Statutes and Other Regulatory Frameworks

There is no mandatory law or statute or requirement in Uganda to foster the dissemination /
installation of the water purification systems. The project activity instances under the grouped
project are voluntarily coordinated actions.

Further to mention that in terms of local laws, statutes, and regulatory frameworks etc. specific
to the project type, there is no specific laws/policies available for water projects. The
installation and implementation of water purification systems is not subject to any
environmental impact assessment in accordance with the National Environmental Regulations,
20204 and the Water Act5.

Thus, it can be concluded that there is no applicable local or regional law and regulatory
framework in the host country with relation to water purification projects.

1.16 Double Counting and Participation under Other GHG Programs

No Double Issuance

Is the project receiving or seeking credit for reductions and removals from a project activity
under another GHG program?
☐ Yes ☒ No

Registration in Other GHG Programs

Is the project registered or seeking registration under any other GHG programs?
☐ Yes ☒ No

Projects Rejected by Other GHG Programs

Has the project been rejected by any other GHG programs?

☐ Yes ☒ No

4https://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/National%20Environment%20(Audit)%20Regulations%20S.I.%20No.%2047

%20of%202020.pdf
5 https://nema.go.ug/sites/all/themes/nema/docs/water_act.pdf

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1.17 Double Claiming, Other Forms of Credit, and Scope 3 Emissions

No Double Claiming with Emissions Trading Programs or Binding Emission Limits

Are project reductions and removals or project activities also included in an emissions trading
program or binding emission limit? See the VCS Program Definitions for definitions of
emissions trading program and binding emission limit.

☐ Yes ☒ No

No Double Claiming with Other Forms of Environmental Credit

Has the project activity sought, received, or is planning to receive credit from another GHG-
related environmental credit system? See the VCS Program Definitions for definition of GHG-
related environmental credit system.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Supply Chain (Scope 3) Emissions

Do the project activities specified in Section 1.12 affect the emissions footprint of any
product(s) (goods or services) that are part of a supply chain?

☐ Yes ☒ No

1.18 Sustainable Development Contributions

The project activity instances under the grouped project would deliver a long-term contribution
to sustainable development in Uganda that without carbon finance would not exist:

Environmental benefits

- Over its lifetime, the instances will help significantly reduce Uganda’s greenhouse gas
emissions.

- The instances will help reduce the use of non-renewable biomass from Uganda’s forests,
assisting the maintenance of existing forest stock, protecting natural forest eco-systems and
wildlife habitats.

- The protection of standing forests will ensure the maintenance of watersheds that regulate
water table levels and prevent flash flooding.

Social benefits

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

- Purchasing or collecting firewood or fossil fuels to boil drinking water constitutes a significant
expense for the very poorest households and communities. The instances will provide access to
safe drinking water at no cost to communities, which will reduce expenditures for families.

- Improved access to safe drinking water will reduce child and adult morbidity and mortality, can
improve attendance at school, and increase productivity.

- Indoor air pollution due to open and uncontrolled combustion for boiling water is a significant
health concern in Uganda. Low greenhouse gas emitting water disinfection technologies such
as dispensers tackle this problem by reducing the combustion of wood/fossil fuels.

- The instances will alleviate the burden on women and children as they have to spend less time
collecting firewood for boiling water. This will provide more opportunities for productive work
and to attend school.

Economic benefits

- The instances will generate short-term employment for local artisans to install water
purification systems, and for local people to work as survey enumerators and to deliver survey
services to communities.

1.19 Additional Information Relevant to the Project

Leakage Management

Not applicable. Section 5.4 of the applied methodology stipulates that any leakage relating to
non-renewable woody biomass, shall be assessed as per relevant procedures of methodology
(AMS-I.E). In order to address this leakage, the project has chosen to implement a net gross
adjustment factor of 0.95.

Commercially Sensitive Information

No commercially sensitive information has been excluded from the public version of the project
description.

Further Information

No further information.

2 SAFEGUARDS AND STAKEHOLDER

ENGAGEMENT

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

2.1 Stakeholder Engagement and Consultation

Stakeholder Identification

Stakeholder The installation areas of the chlorine dispensers would be selected

Identification based on high prevalence of child mortality, high diarrhea rates,
and very low coverage of treated piped water, and then the
communal water points (water sources) within the areas would be
identified by the spotcheck survey to determine suitable water
points for dispenser installation. Based on the installation areas
and identified communal water points, the stakeholders could be
identified to be:

- the regional officials, district level government stakeholders, and

local leaders;

- the end users / households / communities of the water points

selected for dispenser installation.

Legal or customary All the stakeholders, indigenous people (IPs), local communities
tenure/access rights (LCs) and customary rights holders within the project boundary of
each project activity instance under the grouped project have the
access to the communal water points before and after the
implementation of the grouped project. Besides, all chlorine
dispensers have been installed for free; after the installation and
operation of the chlorine dispensers in each instance under the
grouped project, all the stakeholders, IPs, LCs and customary rights
holders within the project boundary have the access to use the
chlorine dispensers to purify their drinking water.

Stakeholder diversity The stakeholders include IPs, LCs and customary rights holders
and changes over time who are the users and beneficiaries of the chlorine dispensers
installed within the project boundaries of all project activity
instances of the grouped project. The social, economic, and
cultural diversity reflect from the geographic distributions of the
chlorine dispensers.

The is almost no difference and interaction between the

stakeholder groups. Users of each chlorine dispenser at the
communal water point are local people who are residents nearby
the water point.

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

There is no significant change in the make-up of each group over

time. For the users of each chlorine dispenser at the communal
water point, there might be minor changes due to a few
households moving in/out of the communities over the time.

Expected changes in Good changes in well-being of the stakeholders can be expected. In

well-being the baseline scenario, local people fetch the water from the
communal water points and drink the water directly without
purifying the water or drink after boiling the water for purification.
Under the grouped project, the chlorine dispensers are installed
free of charge. The beneficiaries could use the chlorine to purify
the fetched water from the communal water points for drinking,
which would lead to improved health compared to baseline due to
reduced waterborne diseases such as diarrheal. Also, due to
avoidance of fuelwood burning for water boiling, there will be
reduction in kitchen smoke, as a result improved indoor air quality
directly benefits the health of women and children at house; and
the energy and time and money spent on collecting/purchasing
fuelwood could be spent on other productive activities such as
work, education and so on.

No changes to ecosystem services would be identified.

Location of The location of stakeholders, IPs, LCs, and customary rights

stakeholders holders has been provided in the section 1.13 of this project
description.

No areas outside the project area that are predicted to be

impacted by the project.

Location of resources GPS coordinates of each chlorine dispenser installed in each

project activity instance of this grouped project have been recorded
in the database.

Stakeholder Consultation and Ongoing Communication

Date of stakeholder June-2022 to August-2023

consultation

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Stakeholder Generally, the project proponent would firstly engage with the
engagement process region officials, district-level government stakeholders and local
leaders to secure authorizations and supports. Local stakeholder
meetings would be held to obtain the lists of potential water points
for chlorine dispenser installation. After identifying the eligible
water points, the project proponent would engage with the
stakeholders from local villages and communities of the identified
water points. The village community sensitization meetings (VCS
meetings) would be conducted before installation of chlorine
dispenser with the villagers and end users of the water points.
Feedback from the stakeholders attending the VCS meetings would
be collected to see whether they want to have a dispenser
installed. The announcements would be made by the project
proponent to the heads of the communities via phone call. Local
language would be used during the invitations and meetings. Both
women and men would be invited to attend the stakeholder
engagement meetings.

After installations of the corresponding chlorine dispensers, the

project proponent would conduct the waterpoint users education
meetings (WUEMs) to teach the end users how to use the
dispenser properly, the carbon credit generation and the users
would give full rights of carbon credits to project proponent, and
continuously collect feedback from stakeholders.

Consultation outcome The stakeholders have consented to project design and

implementation. Stakeholders are very positive about the project
activity instances. The stakeholders greatly appreciate the project,
as the project brings access to safe drinking water with treatment
from the chlorine dispensers, which reduces waterborne diseases
and improves health and living conditions of local people, and they
can save money/time from fuelwood purchase/collection for other
purposes; the community members no longer boil drinking water.
They hope that project could keep on going to provide services to
local communities and even expand the chlorine dispensers to
other areas. So, there are no alterations needed in project design
or adjustment in implementation strategy.

The implementation of the project activity instances would also

provide employment opportunities to local people. The well-beings
of all staff employed due to the grouped project are compliant with
relevant laws and regulations in Uganda. Women and men get

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

equal pay for equal work. Salaries are above minimum wage
requirement in Uganda. No child labour has been employed.
Working time is also in line with regulations.

The FPIC and the carbon project validation and verification process
has been discussion during the stakeholder engagement. Consent
has been obtained before installation of the chlorine dispensers,
and stakeholders have been aware of the carbon project validation
and verification process of the project activity instances under the
grouped project.

Ongoing Stakeholders could continuously provide their comment/feedback

communication through a well-established call centre with free toll line located at
each field office of the project proponent. Any comment or
feedback would be channelled through the call centre. The call
centre staff of the project proponent would engage the promoters
(community volunteers) on a weekly basis or the promoters or the
stakeholders would all this free toll line to report any issues with
the chlorine dispenser.
Overall, the stakeholders are very positive about the project activity
Stakeholder input
instances. The stakeholders greatly appreciate the project, as the
project brings access to safe drinking water with treatment from
the chlorine dispensers, which reduces waterborne diseases and
improves health and living conditions of local people, and they can
save money from for other purposes; the community members no
longer boil drinking water. They hope that project could keep on
going to provide services to local communities and even expand
the chlorine dispensers to other areas. So, there are no alterations
needed in project design or adjustment in implementation strategy.

Free Prior and Informed Consent

Obtaining consent During the initiate stage when the project proponent needed to
select the chlorine dispenser installation areas and identify eligible
water points for dispenser installation, the project proponent has
engaged with the regional and district-level officials, and local
leaders to get consent and support to implement the grouped
project. MoUs and authorization letters have been obtained.

After getting consent from the local officials and leaders, the
project proponent has engaged with stakeholders at village level
through Village Community Sensitization Meetings. During the
meetings, the project would be introduced to end users from the

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

local villages and communities, and the stakeholders would decide

and vote on whether they want to have a dispenser installed or not.
After receiving their consent, the chlorine dispenser would be
installed at the corresponding water point.

There are no ongoing or unresolved conflicts.

Outcome of FPIC The outcome of the FPIC process is quite positive, since the IPs,
LCs and customary rights holders are supportive of the installation
of the chlorine dispensers, which would bring them good health
due to reduction of waterborne diseases and reduction in kitchen
smoke and money/time saving due to avoidance of fuelwood
burning for water boiling. They even hope that project could expand
the chlorine dispenser installations to other areas.

The grouped project has not encroached on land, relocated people

and forced physical or economic displacement. The chlorine
dispensers installed by the side of the identified communal water
points do not lead to a change in settlement in any way. No one will
need to move / change their living conditions / situations by using
the chlorine dispensers.

Grievance Redress Procedure

Development process The mechanisms for ongoing communication with stakeholders

have been used to receive, hear, and respond to grievances.

Through a well-established call centre with free toll line located at

each field offices, any grievances would be channeled through the
call centre. The Evidence Action call centre staff would engage the
promoters (community volunteers) on a weekly basis or the
promoters or the stakeholders would call this free toll line to report
any issues with the chlorine dispenser.

The project proponent would try to resolve the grievances within

one week of reporting, and local language would be used by the
project proponent to communicate with the stakeholders. Digital or
hard copy records for grievance receiving and resolving would be
well managed and kept for further tracking.

Grievance redress Grievances can be given at any time directly to project proponent
procedure (Evidence Action) staff who are regularly visiting water points for

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

evaluations, hardware check and chlorine delivery or through the

call centre. During these visits/ through the call centre, the staff
can interact with the users and can receive input and relay it to the
field office. Call centre trackers are available inform of google
documents that the call centre staff records such grievances and
how they are resolved.

Grievances can also be sent at any time to the Evidence Action

Uganda country office in Kampala and via phone call or email to
the corresponding contact persons.

People from project proponent who are in charge would record the
grievances received and resolve/respond any conflicts if any and
get back to the stakeholders via phone call or face-to-face visit
who raise the grievances to double check if he/she thinks the
grievance is well resolved or responded, and records would be well
kept for further tracks.

Public Comments

All comments received during the public comment period and after the public comment period
would be summarized in the table below before the end of the validation period.

Comments received Actions taken

To be determined To be determined

2.2 Risks to Stakeholders and the Environment

Risks identified Mitigation or preventative

measure taken
Risks to No risk identified The grouped project does not
stakeholder have risks with regards to
participation stakeholder participation. Both
men and women can voluntarily
participate in the project and get
the access to use the chlorine
dispensers for purifying drinking
water, and both men and women
can take the work (after receiving
the trainings) to be chlorine
promoters and provide the service

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

to refill the chlorine dispensers

when needed.
Working conditions No risk identified The grouped project does not
expose workers to increased
health risks and does not
adversely affect the health of the
workers and the community.
The chlorine dispensers installed
in the project activity instances
provide local communities with
access of safe drinking water; and
all workers related to the chlorine
delivery are provided with
personal protection equipment
when dealing with the chlorine.
Safety of women No risk identified Women and girls who go to the
and girls communal water point to fetch
water and use the chlorine
dispenser to purify their water can
only simply turn on the valve on
the dispenser to drop one or two
drops of the chlorine solution into
their water containers. The tank
of the chlorine dispenser is well
locked after the dispenser
promoter refill the chlorine
solution into the tank. Training of
how to properly use the chlorine
dispenser has already been
provided to the users from the
local communities during the
communication education
meeting after the chlorine
dispenser is installed. Project
proponent and dispenser
promoters would also monitor the
usage of chlorine solution to
make sure no leakage of chlorine
solution happen, so that the
safety of women and girls could
be guaranteed.

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Safety of minority No risk identified Minority and marginalized groups

and marginalized including children who go to the
groups, including communal water point to fetch
children water and use the chlorine
dispenser to purify their water can
only simply turn on the valve on
the dispenser to drop one or two
drops of the chlorine solution into
their water containers. The tank
of the chlorine dispenser is well
locked after the dispenser
promoter refill the chlorine
solution into the tank. Training of
how to properly use the chlorine
dispenser has already been
provided to the users from the
local communities during the
communication education
meeting after the chlorine
dispenser is installed. Project
proponent and dispenser
promoters would also monitor the
usage of chlorine solution to
make sure no leakage of chlorine
solution happen, so that the
safety of women and girls could
be guaranteed.
Pollutants (air, No risk identified The grouped project is the water
noise, discharges to purification system installation to
water, generation of produce safe drinking water. The
waste, release of grouped project does not result in
hazardous the release of pollutants to the
materials) environment. The purchase,
storage and delivery of the
chlorine solution is well managed
and monitored by the project
proponent; and the chlorine
dispenser promoters are well
trained to do the chlorine solution
delivery and refill work. All
procedures are in place to make

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

sure no overuse or leakage of

chlorine solution happens.

2.3 Respect for Human Rights and Equity

Labor and Work

Discrimination and
No discrimination or sexual harassment has occurred or will occur.
sexual harassment
Management
The project proponent and project consultancy have good experience
experience
and expertise in implementing similar project activities and engaging
communities.
Gender equity in Equal opportunities have been or will be provided in terms of gender
labor and work equity and pay for labor and work.
Both women and men have participated in the stakeholder
consultations, and comment/feedback provided from both women and
men on the project activity instances would be taken account into
project design if any. Both women and men could use the chlorine
dispensers to purify their water for drinking and get health benefits
from drinking the purified water. Both women and men could be
elected / designated as chlorine dispenser promoters, who would be
responsible for promoting the usage of the chlorine dispenser,
reporting any problems, and refilling the dispenser with chlorine
solution. Both women and men have been employed by the project
proponent to operate the project activity instances under this grouped
project, and both men and women are equally paid for equal work.
Human trafficking, The grouped project does not and will not use victims of human
forced labor, and trafficking, forced labor, and child labor.
child labor

Human Rights
The grouped project recognizes, respects, and promotes the protection of the rights of IPs, LCs,
and customary rights holders in line with applicable international human rights law, and the
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and ILO Convention 169 on
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples.

The grouped project brings access to safe drinking water with treatment from the chlorine
dispensers, which reduces waterborne diseases and improves health and living conditions of
local people, and they can save money/time from fuelwood purchase/collection for other

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

purposes; the community members no longer boil drinking water. The implementation of the
project activity instances under the grouped project would also provide employment
opportunities to local people. The well-beings of all staff employed due to the grouped project
are compliant with relevant laws and regulations in Uganda. Women and men get equal pay for
equal work. Salaries are above minimum wage requirement in Uganda. No child labour has
been employed. Working time is also in line with regulations.

Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Heritage

The project area doesn’t include any cultural heritage.

Property Rights

Rights to Indigenous people, households from local communities have the

territories and access to fetch water from the communal water points. After
resources implementation of the grouped project, chlorine dispensers have been
installed by the side of the communal water points, and IPs, LCs and
customary rights holders all can still fetch water from the communal
water points, and at the same time can use the chlorine dispensers to
purify their water just fetching from the water points. Therefore, the
grouped project respects the water fetching rights of IPs, LCs and
customary rights holders.

Respect for Not applicable.

property rights

Benefit Sharing
Not applicable. The grouped project does not impact property rights.

Process used to NA
design the benefit
sharing plan

Summary of the NA
benefit sharing
plan

Approval and NA
dissemination of

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

benefit sharing
plan

2.4 Ecosystem Health

Risks identified Mitigation or preventative

measure taken
Impacts on biodiversity No risk identified In each project activity instance of
and ecosystems the grouped project, chlorine
dispensers have been installed at
the communal water points. There
is no impact on biodiversity and
ecosystems of the local
communities.
Soil degradation and soil No risk identified A chlorine dispenser would be
erosion installed at each identified
communal water point. Neither soil
degradation nor soil erosion would
be caused due to the installation of
the chlorine dispenser.
Water consumption and No risk identified A chlorine dispenser would be
stress installed at each identified
communal water point. Users who
would use the chlorine solution
from the chlorine dispenser to
purify the water they fetch from the
water point. So, there is no impact
on water consumption and stress.
Usage of fertilizers No risk identified Under each project activity
instance of the grouped project,
chlorine dispensers have been
installed at the communal water
points. No fertilizers usage would
be involved.

Rare, Threatened, and Endangered species

Is the project located in or adjacent to habitats for rare, threatened, or endangered species?

☐ Yes ☒ No

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Introduction of species
N/A. There is no planting or species introduction.

Ecosystem conversion
Not applicable. The grouped project is not ARR, ALM, WRC or ACoGS project.

3 APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY
3.1 Title and Reference of Methodology

Type Reference ID, if Title Version

(methodology, applicable
tool or module).

Methodology AMS-III.AV AMS-III.AV Low greenhouse gas emitting 08.0

safe drinking water production systems

Methodology AMS-I.E AMS-I.E Switch from non-renewable 13.0

biomass for thermal applications by the
user

Tool TOOL19 TOOL19 Methodology tool: Demonstration 10.0

of additionality of microscale project
activities

Tool TOOL30 TOOL30 Methodology tool: Calculation of 04.0

the fraction of non-renewable biomass

Methodology VMR0006 VMR0006 Energy Efficiency and Fuel 1.2

Switch Measures in Thermal Applications

3.2 Applicability of Methodology

Applicability of Methodologies:

Methodology ID Applicability condition Justification of compliance

AMS-III.AV This methodology comprises Under each project activity

introduction of low instance of this grouped
greenhouse gas emitting project, low greenhouse gas
water purification systems to emitting water purification

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

provide safe drinking water systems (chlorine

(SDW). Water purification dispensers) have been
technologies that involve installed for residential
point-of use (POU) or point- households, and community
of-entry (POE) treatment centres. The installation has
systems for residential or been taken up by the project
institutional applications proponent (Evidence Action).
such as systems installed at
Detail of technology has
a school or a community
been detailed in section 1.12
centre are included. The
of this VCS Project
examples include, but are
Description.
not limited to, water filters
(e.g. membrane, activated Chlorine dispensers which
carbon, ceramic filters), solar are the low greenhouse gas
energy powered ultraviolet emitting water purification
(UV) disinfection devices, systems have been installed
solar disinfection techniques, for residential households at
photocatalytic disinfection communal water points in
equipment, pasteurization the initially 9 included
appliances, chemical project activity instances
disinfection methods (e.g. under the grouped project.
chlorination), combined
treatment approaches (e.g.
flocculation plus
disinfection). The
methodology is also
applicable to water kiosks
that treat water using one or
more of the following
technologies: chlorination,
combined
flocculant/disinfection
powders and solar
disinfection. In case the
water kiosk is using solar
disinfection, project
proponents need to
implement measures to
prevent recontamination (e.g.
disinfecting containers,

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

sealing containers and

hygiene training).

AMS-III.AV Soil filtration schemes This is not applicable for this

(boreholes, wells) that grouped project.
include container
disinfection (e.g.
chlorination) may be applied.
Project proponents shall
demonstrate ex ante that
rehabilitation and/or
construction of the wells
complies with relevant
national and/or international
standards and that
measures are taken to
ensure that water and well
are not contaminated.

AMS-III.AV Prior to the implementation Prior to the implementation

of the project activity, a of the project activity
public distribution network instances under this grouped
supplying SDW to the project project, there was no public
boundary does not exist. distribution network
supplying SDW to the project
boundary.

AMS-III.AV It shall be demonstrated According to section 2.3 (p.3)

based on laboratory testing in the WHO document
or official notifications (for “Evaluating household water
example notifications from treatment options: Health
the national authority on based targets and
health) that the application microbiological performance
of the project specifications” (WHO,
technology/equipment 2011)6, the “protective”
achieves compliance either performance target applies
with: (i) the Comprehensive to those household water
Protection performance treatment technologies that
target as per “Evaluating achieve “protective” removal
household water treatment targets of all three classes of
options: Health based pathogens. According to

6 https://www.zaragoza.es/contenidos/medioambiente/onu/1172-eng.pdf

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targets and microbiological Figure 1 (p.4) in the referred

performance specifications” WHO document, for
(WHO, 2011) and “protective” removal target,
“International Scheme to the pathogen reduction
Evaluate Household Water values for bacteria, viruses
Treatment Technologies” and protozoa are respectively
(WHO, 2014); or (ii) an >=2, >=3 and >=2.
applicable national standard
According to Table A2.4.
or guideline. Applicable
(p.52) in the referred WHO
national standard should be
document, chlorination
based on laboratory efficacy
achieves a 3-log removal for
testing that, at a minimum,
bacteria, viruses and most
includes quantitative
protozoa and thus meets the
microbial measures of pre-
‘protective’ performance as
and post-treatment
shown in Figure 4 (p.4) in the
challenge waters that are
same document.
representative of potential
drinking water sources, and Regarding the technology
that includes measured (chlorine dispensers)
reductions based on at least installed in the project
one pathogen class activity instances,
(bacteria, viruses, protozoa). chlorination meets the
“protective” performance
target.

In cases where the life span In cases where the life span of
of the water treatment the water treatment
technologies is shorter than technologies is shorter than
the crediting period of the the crediting period of the
project activity, there shall be project activity, there will be
documented measures in documented measures in
place to ensure that end place to ensure that end users
have access to replacement
users have access to
purification systems of
replacement purification
comparable quality.
systems of comparable
quality. For the initially included
project activity instances,
measures are in place to
ensure that chlorine is
refilled regularly, and broken
chlorine dispensers are

39
 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

replaced with systems of

comparable quality.

As per the instance

implementation plan, the
dispenser promoters will be
responsible for reporting any
maintenance or service
requirement. The chlorine
will be delivered at regular
intervals to the promoters.
The record of operational
devices will be documented
on continuous basis.

AMS-III.AV It should be demonstrated Each chlorine dispenser shall

that the project appliances confirm to the technology
use technologies that meet standards as per paragraph
the technology standards as 4(b) of the applied
per paragraph 4(b) of the methodology AMS-III.AV
applied methodology AMS- Version 08.0. The quality of
III.AV version 08.0 and that the purified water for
they deliver microbiologically drinking water shall meet the
safe drinking water. criteria in either: (i)
Comprehensive Protection
performance target as per
“Evaluate Household Water
treatment options: Health
based targets and
microbiological performance
specifications” (WHO, 2011)
and “International Scheme to
Evaluate Household Water
Treatment Technologies”
(WHO, 2014); or (ii) an
applicable national standard
or guideline.

AMS-III.AV Where relevant leakage The relevant procedures of

relating to the non-renewable AMS-I.E have been applied in
woody biomass shall be the grouped project for
assessed as per the relevant leakage assessment relating
procedures of AMS-I.E.

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

to the non-renewable woody

biomass.

AMS-I.E Leakage emissions related to Leakage of each project

the non-renewable woody activity instance under this
biomass saved by the project grouped project is calculated
activity shall be assessed by applying a net to gross
based on ex post surveys of adjustment factor of 0.95 for
users and the areas from leakages.
which this woody biomass is
sourced (using 90/30
precision for a selection of
samples). The following
potential source of leakage
shall be considered: the
use/diversion of
nonrenewable woody
biomass saved under the
project activity by non-project
end-users that previously
used renewable energy
sources. If this leakage
assessment quantifies an
increase in the use of non-
renewable woody biomass
used by the non-project end-
users that is attributable to
the project activity, then By is
adjusted to account for the
quantified leakage.
Alternatively, By is multiplied
by a net to gross adjustment
factor of 0.95 to account for
leakages, in which case
surveys are not required.

Applicability of Tools:

Methodology ID Applicability condition Justification of compliance

TOOL19 This tool covers all The emission reductions of

technologies/measures that each chlorine dispenser of

41
 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

meet the conditions in the project activity instance

paragraphs 11-13 below are less than 60 tCO2e/yr,
irrespective of the scale of which is no more than 20
the approved CDM ktCO2e per year. And the
methodology applied to the location of the grouped
project activity. project is in Uganda, which is
an LDC. Therefore, the
technology meets the
conditions in paragraph 13
of the tool.

TOOL19 A project activity with more Each chlorine dispenser is

than one component, where one component of the project
each component meets the activity instance.
microscale threshold, is
The emission reductions of
eligible as microscale CDM
each chlorine dispenser of
project activity. The sum of
the project activity instance
the size of components of a
are no more than 20 ktCO2e
project activity belonging to
per year. So, each of the
the same type (i.e. installed
units contained in a project
capacity for Type I, energy
activity instance satisfies the
savings for Type II and
condition to qualify as a
emission reductions for Type
“microscale CDM unit”.
III) shall not exceed the
microscale thresholds for the
respective type.

TOOL19 The tool is not applicable to The applied technology

technologies/measures (chlorine dispenser) of the
included in approved grouped project is not
methodologies “AMS-III.V: included in the mentioned
Decrease of coke methodologies.
consumption in blast furnace
by installing dust/sludge
recycling system in steel
works”, “AMS-III.P: Recovery
and utilization of waste gas
in refinery facilities”, “AMS-
III.Q: Waste Energy Recovery
(gas/heat/pressure)
Projects” and “AMS-III.W:
Methane capture and

42
 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

destruction in non-
hydrocarbon mining
activities”.

TOOL30 This tool may be used by: The tool has been used by
the project participants to
(a) DNAs to submit region-
calculate the project specific
or country-specific
fNRB value under option (b).
default fNRB values,
following the procedures
for development,
revision, clarification and
update of standardized
baselines (SB
procedures); or

(b) project participants to

calculate project- or POA-
specific fNRB values.

TOOL30 Project participants and The area for the

DNAs shall identify and determination of fNRB has
clearly delineate the been selected to coincide
applicable area for which fNRB with the grouped project’s
is determined. For project- or project boundary.
PoA-specific fNRB values,
project participants shall
assess and use the area
from which woody biomass is
sourced for end-users
included in the project
activity and justify the
selection of the area in CDM
project design documents.
For region- or country-
specific fNRB values, DNAs
shall specify the applicable
area.

VMR0006 Uncertainty deduction for The fNRB of the grouped

fNRB project is calculated as per
TOOL30, the uncertainty
If fNRB is calculated as per
deduction of 26% has been
TOOL30: ud = 26%
applied.

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

3.3 Project Boundary

Source Gas Included? Justification/Explanation

CO2 emissions from CO2 Yes Main emission source

fossil fuels/Non-
Renewable biomass CH4 No Minor emission source
Baseline

utilized for obtaining

safe drinking water N2 O No Minor emission source
by boiling displace
due to the grouped Other No Not applicable
project

CO2 Yes Main emission source

CO2 emissions from
consumption of fossil
CH4 No Minor emission source
Project

fuels and/or
electricity for the
N2 O No Minor emission source
operation of the
grouped project
Other No Not applicable

Project Boundary (initially included 9 project activity instances)

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

The chlorine dispenser can operate totally depending on gravity, no energy would be needed.
Therefore, no flows of energy are included in the diagram.

3.4 Baseline Scenario

As per the applied methodology AMS-III.AV (Version 08.0), for a simplified and standardized
approach it is assumed that fossil fuel or non-renewable biomass (NRB) is used to boil water as
means of water purification in the absence of the project activity. Therefore, the baseline
scenario is the use of fossil fuel or NRB to boil water.

The emissions are calculated based on the energy demand for boiling water, and in case of
displacement of NRB, the baseline emissions are corrected for the fraction of the biomass that
can be demonstrated to be non-renewable. Only purified water consumed for drinking purposes
can be used in the baseline calculation.

Each project activity instance under the grouped project follows AMS-III.AV: “Low greenhouse
gas-emitting safe drinking water production systems”, Version 08.0. As this is a small-scale
methodology, each instance under the grouped project will achieve emission reductions below
60,000 tCO2e per annum. Low greenhouse gas emitting water purification systems reduce
fossil fuel and non-renewable biomass use, relative to the baseline scenario, thereby achieving
emission reductions.

The baseline surveys have been conducted between August 2022 and May 2023, before the
installation of the corresponding chlorine dispensers, to check the water purification
technologies, and the type of stoves and fuel used in baseline scenario. The results show that
100% surveyed households purified or would like to purify their drinking water by boiling water
before the chlorine dispersers were installed; and firewood and charcoal were or would like to
be used for boiling water. The weighted average of the stove efficiencies of different types of
stoves was used for calculating the baseline emissions, as more than one type of stove/fuel is
used in the project area of each instance.

3.5 Additionality
The proposed grouped project is a voluntary coordinated action by the project proponent. There
is no mandatory law or requirement in Uganda for the installation of the water purification
technologies/measures (chlorine dispersers). Hence this voluntary coordinated action would
not be possible in the absence of the grouped project, due to the cost associated with it.

Regulatory Surplus
Is the project located in an UNFCCC Annex 1 or Non-Annex 1 country?
☐ Annex 1 country ☒ Non-Annex 1 country

Are the project activities mandated by any law, statute, or other regulatory framework?

45
 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

☐ Yes ☒ No

If the project is located inside a Non-Annex 1 country and the project activities are mandated by
a law, statute, or other regulatory framework, are such laws, statutes, or regulatory frameworks
systematically enforced?

☐ Yes ☒ No

The grouped project is located inside a Non-Annex 1 country, meanwhile the project activities
are not mandated by a law, statute, or other regulatory framework. Therefore, the last question
is not applicable.

Additionality Methods

Under the grouped project, in all project activity instances each chlorine dispenser installed at
the communal water point is considered as a basic unit for supplying safe water to end users.
According to the estimation of ERs, the annual ERs for one chlorine dispenser is far less than
20,000 tCO2e per year. So, each chlorine dispenser is a type III microscale unit as per
Paragraph 2, 4 and 14 of Tool 19 “Demonstration of additionality of microscale project
activities (Version 10.0)”. According to Paragraph 13 and 14 of Tool 19 “Demonstration of
additionality of microscale project activities (Version 10.0)”, type III units that aim to achieve
emission reductions at a scale of no more than 20 ktCO2e per year, are additional if the
geographic location of the project activity is an LDC/SIDS or SUZ of the host country. Since the
grouped project is located in a least developed country - Uganda7, all the units as well as the
project activity instances are additional.

There are no laws or regulations in the geographical/physical boundaries of the project

requiring the implementation of the project activity instances of the grouped project. The
instances under the grouped project are voluntary, coordinated action by the project proponent
(Evidence Action). This voluntary coordinated action would not be possible in the absence of
the grouped project.

The installation of chlorine dispensers require capital. The project activity instances install
chlorine dispensers free of charge for all users which means no money shall be charged to
users for the installation of chlorine dispensers; hence there is no financial return from the
project other than revenue from the sale of GHG credits. As each chlorine dispenser has costs
associated with the purchase, installation, operation and maintenance of the equipment, the
project activity instances will not occur in the absence of GHG credits revenue. The action is not
financially viable without the support of revenues from the sale of GHG credits. The actions
under the grouped project will alleviate these barriers by promoting free installation of chlorine
dispensers for end users.

7 https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html

46
 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

The initially included 9 project activity instances have installed in total 12,161 chlorine
dispensers free of charge for users i.e. households and people from the local communities
nearby the communal water points where the chlorine dispensers are installed. As the end-user
doesn’t benefit from a direct financial return and procuring and operating chlorine dispensers
require capital, which is a barrier to rural consumers due to difficulties in accessing capital, a
wide dissemination of chlorine dispensers in the Host Country is unlikely. The project activity
instances will alleviate these barriers by promoting free installation of chlorine dispensers to
end-users.

3.6 Methodology Deviations

Not applicable. The grouped project did not apply any methodology deviations.

4 QUANTIFICATION OF ESTIMATED GHG

EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND
REMOVALS
4.1 Baseline Emissions
The emissions are calculated based on the energy demand for boiling water, and in case of
displacement of NRB, the baseline emissions are corrected for the fraction of the biomass that
can be demonstrated to be non-renewable. Only purified water consumed for drinking purposes
can be used in the baseline calculation.

The baseline emissions shall be calculated as follows:

BEy = QPWy x m x Xboil x SEC x ∑(BLfuel,i x fi x EFprojected_fossilfuel,i x 10-9)

Where:

BEy = Baseline emissions during the year y in (tCO2e)

QPWy = Total quality of water purified by the project in year y (L)

m = Fraction of functional appliances that are providing the SDW (%).

Only project appliances that (i) use technologies that meet the
technology standards as per paragraph 4(b) of the applied
methodology and (ii) are operating or replaced by an equivalent in
service appliance and (iii) deliver microbiologically safe drinking
water, are counted for emission reductions

47
 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Xboil = Fraction of the population served by the project activity for which
the common practice of water treatment is or would have been
water boiling. It is determined ex ante through surveys

SEC = Specific energy consumption required to boil one litre of water

(kJ/L), to be calculated according to paragraphs below

BLfuel,i = Proportions of baseline fuel type i (NRB and/or fossil fuels) used in
the absence of the project activity (fraction)

fi = Fraction of non-renewable fuel type i used in the absence of the

project activity in year y. For biomass, it is the fraction of woody
biomass that can be established as non-renewable biomass (fNRB). If
the baseline fuel is fossil fuel, the value to be applied is 1

EFprojected_fossilfuel,i = Emission factor of the fuel type i substituted (tCO2/TJ)

The quantity of purified water in a year is (QPWy):

(a) Option 1: Directly monitored; or

(b) Option 2: Indirectly monitored following the procedures described in paragraph below.

For each project activity instance, Option 2 is used.

For Option 2, the quantity of purified water should be monitored and calculated based on the
following options:

(a) Option 2.1: The capacity of the equipment based on the manufacturers’ specifications, and
the usage time of the equipment, as follows:

QPWy = ∑q,i x t

Where:

q,i = Capacity of the water purification device (L/hour) provided by the

manufacturer

t = Usage time (hours/year)

(b) Option 2.2: The population serviced by the project activity and an average volume of
drinking water per person per day, as follows:

QPWy = Py x min(QPWpp; 5.5) x 365

Where:

Py = Population who consumes the purified water serviced by the project

activity in year y

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

QPWpp = Average volume of drinking water per person per day (L/person/day)
determined ex ante of the crediting period through a baseline survey.

A default value of 3 litres per person per day is used.

The quantity of purified water, whether it is directly or indirectly monitored and calculated,
respectively, is subject to a cap that must be established based on the population (P) serviced
by the project activity and the maximum quantity of drinking water per person per day of 5.5
L/person/day. If the quantity of purified water by the project activity exceeds the established
cap, emission reductions cannot be claimed for the quantity of purified water above the
established cap.

For each project activity instance, Option 2.2 is applied.

For each project activity instance, population serviced by the project activity in year y (Py) is
determined by calculation based on the fraction of households who actually use the chlorine
dispensers serviced by the project activity instance to purify water (nusage / ntotalsample), the total
number of households in the targeted project areas who are potential users of the chlorine
dispensers (Ntotal), and the average household size (Ph).

To determine the fraction of households who use the chlorine dispensers (nusage / ntotalsample),
surveys would be conducted, and sampling method would be applied. The fraction of
households who use the chlorine dispensers could be calculated by the number of households
sampled who use the chlorine dispensers divided by the total number of households sampled.
For ex ante estimation, assuming 100% of households use the installed chlorine dispensers.

Spotcheck survey would be conducted annually to check the total number of households in the
targeted project areas who are potential users of the chlorine dispensers for each chlorine
dispenser (Ntotal). For ex ante calculation, the average household size (Ph) is sourced from the
Uganda National Survey Report 2019/20208.

Therefore, take project activity instance A for example, Py = (nusage / ntotalsample) x Ntotal x Ph =
100% x (54.53 x 1,303)9 x 4.610 = 326,866 persons

For the average volume of drinking water per person per day (QPWpp), the default value of 3
litres per person per day is used.

8 https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/09_2021Uganda-National-Survey-Report-2019-2020.pdf
9 According to the dispenser database, the average number of households per chlorine dispenser for project activity instance

A is around 54.53. And in total 1,303 chlorine dispensers have been installed for project activity instance A under the grouped
project.
10 The average household size in Uganda is 4.6: https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/09_2021Uganda-

National-Survey-Report-2019-2020.pdf

49
 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Therefore, take project activity instance A for example, QPWy = 326,866 persons x 3
L/person/day x 365 days = 357,918,270 L

Fraction of functional appliances that are meeting the SDW standards (m):

Fraction of functional appliances that are meeting the SDW standards is calculated based on
the fraction of functional chlorine dispensers (functionality%) and the fraction of households
using the chlorine dispensers to purify water with the water quality meeting the SDW standards
(WQ%).

For ex ante calculation, assuming 95% of all sampled functional chlorine dispensers can purify
the water with the water quality meeting the SDW.

Fraction of the population served by the project activity for which the common practice of water
purification is or would have been water boiling (Xboil):

The baseline survey results show that 100% surveyed households purified or would like to
purify their drinking water by boiling water before the chlorine dispersers were installed. So, the
Xboil has been determined ex ante through the baseline survey which is 100%. Details regarding
baseline survey please refer to Appendix 2.

Specific energy consumption required to boil one litre of water (SEC) is to be calculated as
follows:

SEC = [WH x (Tf – Ti) + 0.01 x WHE] / ƞwb

Where:

WH = Specific heat of water (kJ/L ℃). Use a default value of 4.186 kJ/L ℃

Tf = Final temperature (℃). Use a default value of 100℃

Ti = Initial temperature of water (℃). Use annual average ambient

temperature; or use a default value of 20℃

WHE = Latent heat of water evaporation (kJ/L). Use a default value of 2260
kJ/L. The latent heat required to boil one litre of water for five minutes
is assumed to be equivalent to latent heat for the evaporation of 1% of
the water volume (WHO recommends a minimum duration of five
minutes of water boiling)

ƞwb = Efficiency of the water boiling systems being replaced, estimated ex

ante. Default values in Data / Parameter table 3 may be used

For WH, Tf, Ti, WHE, default values given by the applied methodology would be used.

Efficiency of the water boiling systems being replaced (ƞwb), use one of the options below:

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

(a) The efficiency of the water boiling system shall be established using representative
sampling methods or based on referenced literature values (fraction), use weighted average
values if more than one type of system is encountered;

(b) 0.10 default value may be optionally used if the replaced system or the system that would
have been used is a three stone fire or a conventional system for woody biomass lacking
improved combustion air supply mechanism and flue gas ventilation system that is without a
grate as well as a chimney; for the rest of the systems using woody biomass 0.2 default value
may be optionally used;

(c) 0.5 default value may be used if the replaced system or the system that would have been
used is a fossil fuel combusting system

In each project activity instance under the grouped project, the baseline survey was conducted
by using representative sampling method, and the option (a) and (b) are used to calculate the
weighted average efficiency, as multiple types of baseline stoves were used; and 0.1 default
value is used for replaced baseline stoves of three stone fires and conventional stoves, and 0.2
is used for replaced baseline stoves of improved firewood / charcoal stoves. Details and results
of the efficiencies regarding baseline survey please refer to Appendix 2.

For project instance A, the efficiency of the water boiling stove is 10.47%.

Therefore, SEC = [WH x (Tf – Ti) + 0.01 x WHE] / ƞwb = [4.186 x (100 – 20) + 0.01 x 2,260] /
10.47% = 3,414.327 kJ/L

Proportions of baseline fuel type i (NRB and/or fossil fuels) used in the absence of the project
activity (BLfuel,i):

In each project activity instance under the grouped project, the baseline survey result shows all
households that would have chosen to boil water responded using firewood or charcoal in the
baseline situation. Therefore, BLfuel,i is determined to be 100%. Details regarding baseline
survey please refer to Appendix 2.

Establishment of the fraction of non-renewable biomass (fi):

In this grouped project, the fraction of non-renewable biomass (fNRB) is established as per the
CDM Methodological tool “TOOL30: Calculation of the fraction of non-renewable biomass”
(Version 04.0).

The fraction of woody biomass that can be established as non-renewable is:

fNRB = NRB / (NRB + RB)

Where:

fNRB = Fraction of non-renewable biomass in the applicable area in the relevant

period (fraction or %)

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

NRB = Quantity of non-renewable biomass consumed in the applicable area in

the relevant period (tonnes)

RB = Quantity of renewable biomass that is available on a sustainable basis in

the applicable area in the relevant period (tonnes)

The value of fNRB for the applicable area shall be calculated using either of the two following
options:

(a) Ex ante: the fNRB value is determined once at the validation stage, thus no monitoring and
recalculation of the fNRB value during the crediting period is required;

(b) Ex post: the fNRB,y value is determined for the year y in the crediting period, requiring the fNRB
value to be updated annually, following a consistent calculation procedure throughout the
crediting period.

For the grouped project, option (a) Ex ante is applied. The fNRB value is determined once at the
validation stage, and no monitoring and recalculation of the fNRB value during the crediting
period is required. In the case of ex ante calculation of fNRB, the parameter fNRB shall be
estimated using the most recent historical year for which data is available.

The quantity of non-renewable biomass consumed in the applicable area (NRB) shall be
determined as the difference between the total consumption of woody biomass in the
applicable area (H) and the quantity of renewable biomass that can be sustainably harvested in
the applicable area (RB):

NRB = H – RB

Where:

H = Total consumption of woody biomass in the applicable area in the relevant

period (tonnes)

The total consumption of woody biomass (H) is calculated using the following equation,
accounting for all consumption within the applicable area (not only wood fuel but also timber
and industrial consumption):

H = HW x N + CE + NE

Where:

HW = Average consumption of wood fuel per household, including fuelwood and

charcoal, in the applicable area in the relevant period (tonnes/household)

CE = Commercial woody biomass consumption for energy applications (e.g.

commercial, industrial or institutional uses of woody biomass in ovens, boilers

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

etc.) that are extracted from forests or other land areas in the applicable area in
the relevant period (tonnes)

NE = Commercial woody biomass consumption for non-energy applications (e.g.

construction, furniture) that are extracted from forests or other land areas in the
applicable area in the relevant period (tonnes)

N = Number of households consuming wood fuel within the applicable area in the
relevant period (number)

The quantity of renewable biomass available in the applicable area (RB) is estimated using the
following equation:

RB = ∑(MAIforest,i x (Fforest,i - Pforest,i)) + ∑(MAIother,i x (Fother,i - Pother,i))

Where:

MAIforest,i = Mean Annual Increment of woody biomass growth per hectare in sub-
category i of forest areas in the relevant period (tonnes/ha/yr)

MAIother,i = Mean Annual Increment of woody biomass growth per hectare in sub-
category i of other land areas in the relevant period (tonnes/ha/yr)

Fforest,i = Extent of forest in sub-category i in the relevant period (ha)

Fother,i = Extent of other land in sub-category i in the relevant period (ha)

Pforest,i = Extent of non-accessible area (e.g. protected area where extraction of

wood is prohibited, geographically remote area) within forest areas
(in sub-category i) in the relevant period (ha)

Pother,i = Extent of non-accessible area (e.g. protected area where extraction of

wood is prohibited, geographically remote area) within other land
areas (in sub-category i) in the relevant period (ha)

i = Sub-category i of forest areas and other land areas

Fraction of non-renewable biomass (fNRB) calculation:

Parameter Value Source

Total consumption of 42,649,620 UN Data11, FAO data12.

woody biomass (t/yr) (H)

11 http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=EDATA&f=cmID%3aFW%3btrID%3a1231

https://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=EDATA&f=cmID%3aCH
12 http://www.fao.org/3/W4095E/w4095e0c.htm

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Quantity of renewable 4,871,135 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020

biomass (t/yr) (RB) Report Uganda13, 2019 Refinement to the
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories14

Quantity of non-renewable 37,778,485 Calculated (Equation 2 of CDM tool 30,

biomass (t/yr) (NRB) v04.0).

Fraction of non-renewable 88.57% Calculated (Equation 1 of CDM tool 30,

biomass (fNRB) v04.0).

Details of fNRB calculation please see the fNRB calculation excel spreadsheets. A value of 88.57%
is calculated.

As per the VCS Methodology VMR0006 “ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FUEL SWITCH MEASURES IN
THERMAL APPLICATIONS” (Version 1.2), the conservative discount factor based on uncertainty
(ud) has been applied for fNRB. Since fNRB is calculated as per TOOL30, ud = 26%. Therefore, the
final fi = fNRB x (1 – ud) = 88.57% x (1 – 26%) = 65.5%.

Determination of emission factors (EFprojected_fossilfuel,i):

The emission factor as per AMS-I.E (Version 13.0) procedures is taking the default value as
73.2 tCO2e/TJ.

Therefore, the annual baseline emission is calculated as follows (take project activity instance A
for example):

BEy = QPWy x m x Xboil x SEC x ∑(BLfuel,i x fi x EFprojected_fossilfuel,i x 10-9)

= 357,918,270 L x 95% x 100% x 3,414.327 kJ/L x (100% x 65.5% x 73.2 tCO2/TJ x 10-9)

= 55,654 tCO2/yr

4.2 Project Emissions

The operation of the chlorine dispensers does not involve the consumption of fossil fuels or
electricity. Therefore, the project emissions of all project activity instances are zero.

PEy = PEFF,y + PEEC,y = 0 + 0 = 0 tCO2/yr

13 https://www.fao.org/3/cb0084en/cb0084en.pdf
14 https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch04_Forest%20Land.pdf

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4.3 Leakage Emissions

Leakages relating to the non-renewable woody biomass is assessed as per the relevant
procedures of AMS-I.E.

As per AMS-I.E (Version 13.0), baseline emission is multiplied by a net to gross adjustment
factor of 0.95 to account for leakages.

Therefore, the annual leakage emissions is calculated as follows (take project activity instance
A for example):

LEy = BEy x (1 – 0.95) = 55,654 x (1 – 0.95) = 2,783 tCO2/yr

4.4 Estimated GHG Emission Reductions and Carbon Dioxide Removals

Emission reductions are calculated as follows:

ERy = BEy – PEy – LEy

Where:

ERy = Emission reductions in year y (t CO2e/yr)

BEy = Baseline emissions in year y (t CO2/yr)

PEy = Project emissions in year y (t CO2e/yr)

LEy = Leakage emissions in year y (t CO2e/yr)

Take project activity instance A for example:

BEy = 55,654 t CO2/yr

PEy = 0 t CO2e/yr

LEy = 2,783 t CO2e/yr

ERy = 55,654 - 0 – 2,783 = 52,871 t CO2e/yr

For project activity instance A:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

02-Sep- 8,411 0 421 7,990 0 7,990

2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

55,591 0 2,780 52,811 0 52,811

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

55,654 0 2,783 52,871 0 52,871

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

55,654 0 2,783 52,871 0 52,871

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

55,654 0 2,783 52,871 0 52,871

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

55,654 0 2,783 52,871 0 52,871

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

55,654 0 2,783 52,871 0 52,871

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 37,205 0 1,860 35,344 0 35,344

2029 to 01-
Sep-2029

Total 379,477 0 18,974 360,500 0 360,500

For project activity instance B:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

07-Oct- 616 0 31 585 0 585

2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

33,923 0 1,696 32,227 0 32,227

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

55,774 0 2,789 52,985 0 52,985

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

55,774 0 2,789 52,985 0 52,985

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

55,774 0 2,789 52,985 0 52,985

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

55,774 0 2,789 52,985 0 52,985

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

55,774 0 2,789 52,985 0 52,985

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 42,480 0 2,124 40,356 0 40,356

2029 to 06-
Oct-2029

Total 355,891 0 17,795 338,093 0 338,093

For project activity instance C:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

13-Jan- 43,468 0 2,173 41,294 0 41,294

2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

56,458 0 2,823 53,635 0 53,635

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

56,458 0 2,823 53,635 0 53,635

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

56,458 0 2,823 53,635 0 53,635

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

56,458 0 2,823 53,635 0 53,635

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

56,458 0 2,823 53,635 0 53,635

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 56,458 0 2,823 53,635 0 53,635

2029 to 31-
Dec-2029

01-Jan- 1,856 0 93 1,763 0 1,763

2030 to 12-
Jan-2030

Total 384,073 0 19,204 364,867 0 364,867

For project activity instance D:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

01-Sep- 4,145 0 208 3,937 0 3,937

2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

44,110 0 2,206 41,904 0 41,904

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

51,908 0 2,596 49,312 0 49,312

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

51,908 0 2,596 49,312 0 49,312

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

51,908 0 2,596 49,312 0 49,312

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

51,908 0 2,596 49,312 0 49,312

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

51,908 0 2,596 49,312 0 49,312

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 34,558 0 1,728 32,830 0 32,830

2029 to 31-
Aug-2029

Total 342,353 0 17,122 325,231 0 325,231

For project activity instance E:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

01-Sep- 1,502 0 76 1,426 0 1,426

2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

38,244 0 1,913 36,331 0 36,331

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

52,987 0 2,650 50,337 0 50,337

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

52,987 0 2,650 50,337 0 50,337

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

52,987 0 2,650 50,337 0 50,337

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

52,987 0 2,650 50,337 0 50,337

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

52,987 0 2,650 50,337 0 50,337

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 35,276 0 1,764 33,512 0 33,512

2029 to 31-
Aug-2029

Total 339,957 0 17,003 322,954 0 322,954

For project activity instance F:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

01-Sep- 2,681 0 135 2,546 0 2,546

2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

37,181 0 1,860 35,321 0 35,321

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

49,952 0 2,498 47,454 0 47,454

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

49,952 0 2,498 47,454 0 47,454

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

49,952 0 2,498 47,454 0 47,454

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

49,952 0 2,498 47,454 0 47,454

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

49,952 0 2,498 47,454 0 47,454

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 33,256 0 1,663 31,593 0 31,593

2029 to 31-
Aug-2029

Total 322,878 0 16,148 306,730 0 306,730

For project activity instance G:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

01-Sep- 6,521 0 327 6,194 0 6,194

2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

51,243 0 2,563 48,680 0 48,680

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

53,707 0 2,686 51,021 0 51,021

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

53,707 0 2,686 51,021 0 51,021

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

53,707 0 2,686 51,021 0 51,021

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

53,707 0 2,686 51,021 0 51,021

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

53,707 0 2,686 51,021 0 51,021

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

01-Jan- 35,755 0 1,788 33,967 0 33,967

2029 to 31-
Aug-2029

Total 362,054 0 18,108 343,946 0 343,946

For project activity instance H:

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated
period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

01-Sep- 2,369 0 119 2,250 0 2,250

2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

46,293 0 2,315 43,978 0 43,978

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

53,087 0 2,655 50,432 0 50,432

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

53,087 0 2,655 50,432 0 50,432

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

53,087 0 2,655 50,432 0 50,432

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

53,087 0 2,655 50,432 0 50,432

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

53,087 0 2,655 50,432 0 50,432

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 35,343 0 1,768 33,575 0 33,575

2029 to 31-
Aug-2029

Total 349,440 0 17,477 331,963 0 331,963

For project activity instance I:

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Vintage Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated

period baseline project leakage reduction removal total VCUs
emissions emissions emissions VCUs VCUs (tCO 2 e)
(tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e) (tCO 2 e)

01-Sep- 20 0 1 19 0 19
2022 to 31-
Dec-2022

38,084 0 1,904 36,180 0 36,180

01-Jan-
2023 to 31-
Dec-2023

55,640 0 2,782 52,858 0 52,858

01-Jan-
2024 to 31-
Dec-2024

55,640 0 2,782 52,858 0 52,858

01-Jan-
2025 to 31-
Dec-2025

55,640 0 2,782 52,858 0 52,858

01-Jan-
2026 to 31-
Dec-2026

55,640 0 2,782 52,858 0 52,858

01-Jan-
2027 to 31-
Dec-2027

55,640 0 2,782 52,858 0 52,858

01-Jan-
2028 to 31-
Dec-2028

01-Jan- 37,043 0 1,852 35,191 0 35,191

2029 to 31-
Aug-2029

Total 353,347 0 17,668 335,679 0 335,679

5 MONITORING
5.1 Data and Parameters Available at Validation

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Data / Parameter QPWpp

Data unit Litres

Description Average volume of drinking water per person per day

Source of data CDM Methodology AMS-III.AV, Version 08.0

Value applied 3 litres per person per day

Justification of choice Default value from the applied methodology

of data or description of
measurement methods
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments -

Data / Parameter LS

Data unit Years

Description Life span of water treatment technologies

Source of data Manufacturer’s specification

Value applied Hardware: 5 - 10 years (replaceable)

Justification of choice Measures are in place to ensure that chlorine is refilled regularly, and
of data or description of broken chlorine dispensers are replaced with systems of comparable
measurement methods quality.
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments In cases where the life span of the water treatment technologies is
shorter than the crediting period of the project activity, the project
proponent shall ensure that the units are replaced in order to continue
claiming emission reductions. There shall be measures in place to
ensure that end users have access to replacement purification systems
of comparable quality.

Data / Parameter ƞwb

Data unit %

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Description Efficiency of the water boiling systems being replaced

Source of data Project activity instance site Baseline Survey

Value applied Use one of the options below:

(a) The efficiency of the water boiling system shall be established using
representative sampling methods or based on referenced literature
values (fraction), use weighted average values if more than one type of
system is encountered;
(b) 0.10 default value may be optionally used if the replaced system or
the system that would have been used is a three-stone fire or a
conventional system for woody biomass lacking improved combustion
air supply mechanism and flue gas ventilation system that is without a
grate as well as a chimney; for the rest of the systems using woody
biomass 0.2 default value may be optionally used;
(c) 0.5 default value may be used if the replaced system or the system
that would have been used is a fossil fuel combusting system

Project Activity Instance ƞwb

Project Activity Instance A 10.47%

Project Activity Instance B 10.50%

Project Activity Instance C 10.42%

Project Activity Instance D 10.39%

Project Activity Instance E 10.32%

Project Activity Instance F 10.46%

Project Activity Instance G 10.19%

Project Activity Instance H 10.55%

Project Activity Instance I 10.31%

Justification of choice In each project activity instance under the grouped project, the baseline
of data or description of survey was conducted by using representative sampling method, and
measurement methods the option (a) and (b) are used to calculate the weighted average
efficiency, as multiple types of baseline stoves were used; and 0.10
and procedures applied
default value is used for replaced baseline stoves of three stone fires
and conventional stoves, and 0.2 is used for replaced baseline stoves
of improved firewood / charcoal stoves.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments Details regarding baseline survey please refer to Appendix 2.

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Data / Parameter BLfuel,i

Data unit Fraction

Description Proportions of baseline fuel type i (NRB and fossil fuel)

Source of data Estimated ex ante through the baseline survey

Value applied 100%

Project Activity Instance BLfuel,i

Project Activity Instance A 100%

Project Activity Instance B 100%

Project Activity Instance C 100%

Project Activity Instance D 100%

Project Activity Instance E 100%

Project Activity Instance F 100%

Project Activity Instance G 100%

Project Activity Instance H 100%

Project Activity Instance I 100%

Justification of choice In each project activity instance under the grouped project, the baseline
of data or description of survey result shows all households that would have chosen to boil
measurement methods water responded using firewood or charcoal in the baseline situation.
Therefore, BLfuel,i is determined to be 100%.
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments Details regarding baseline survey please refer to Appendix 2.

Data / Parameter fi

Data unit fraction

Description Factor to determine amount of non-renewable fuels

Source of data NRB assessment for the sites of the project activity instances

Value applied Fraction of fuel type i used in the absence of the project activity in year
y. For biomass, it is the fraction of woody biomass that can be

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

established as non-renewable biomass (fNRB) as per “TOOL30:

Calculation of the fraction of non-renewable biomass”.
If the baseline fuel is fossil fuel use a default value of 1.0.
Details of fNRB calculation please see the fNRB calculation excel
spreadsheets. A value of 88.57% is calculated.
As per the VCS Methodology VMR0006 “ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FUEL
SWITCH MEASURES IN THERMAL APPLICATIONS” (Version 1.2), the
conservative discount factor based on uncertainty (ud) has been applied
for fNRB. Since fNRB is calculated as per TOOL30, ud = 26%. Therefore,
the final fi = fNRB x (1 – ud) = 88.57% * (1 – 26%) = 65.5%.

Justification of choice fNRB is calculated as per “TOOL30: Calculation of the fraction of non-
of data or description of renewable biomass”. The conservative discount factor based on
measurement methods uncertainty (ud) has been applied for fNRB. As per the VCS Methodology
VMR0006 “ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FUEL SWITCH MEASURES IN
and procedures applied
THERMAL APPLICATIONS” (Version 1.2), since fNRB is calculated as per
TOOL30, ud = 26%.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments -

Data / Parameter EFprojected_fossilfuel,i

Data unit t CO2/TJ

Description Emission factor of the fuel(s) type i substituted

Source of data - If the fuel displaced is NRB, this parameter can be sourced from
approved methodology AMS-I.E. (i.e. Table 2 in version 10.0 of AMS-I.E.,
if there are updates use the information from the latest version of AMS-
I.E.);
- If the fuel displaced is fossil fuel, apply the emission factor of the
fossil fuel
Since the fuels displaced (charcoal and firewood) are NRB, the
parameter is sourced from the Table 2 of the latest approved CDM
Methodology AMS-I.E, Version 13.0.

Value applied 73.2

Justification of choice Default value from the CDM methodology AMS-I.E, Version 13.0.
of data or description of
measurement methods
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments -

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Data / Parameter Xboil

Data unit %

Description Fraction of the population serviced by the project activity for which the
common practice of water purification is or would have been water
boiling

Source of data Estimated ex ante through the Baseline Survey

Value applied 100%

Project Activity Instance Xboil

Project Activity Instance A 100%

Project Activity Instance B 100%

Project Activity Instance C 100%

Project Activity Instance D 100%

Project Activity Instance E 100%

Project Activity Instance F 100%

Project Activity Instance G 100%

Project Activity Instance H 100%

Project Activity Instance I 100%

Justification of choice The baseline survey results show that 100% surveyed households
of data or description of purified or would like to purify their drinking water by boiling water
measurement methods before the chlorine dispersers were installed.
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments Details regarding baseline survey please refer to Appendix 2.

Data / Parameter WH

Data unit kJ/L℃

Description Specific heat of water.

Source of data CDM Methodology AMS-III.AV, Version 08.0

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Value applied 4.186

Justification of choice Default value from the applied methodology

of data or description of
measurement methods
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments -

Data / Parameter Tf

Data unit ℃

Description Final temperature

Source of data CDM Methodology AMS-III.AV, Version 08.0

Value applied 100

Justification of choice Default value from the applied methodology

of data or description of
measurement methods
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments -

Data / Parameter Ti

Data unit ℃

Description Initial temperature of water

Source of data CDM Methodology AMS-III.AV, Version 08.0

Value applied 20

Justification of choice Default value from the applied methodology

of data or description of
measurement methods
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Comments -

Data / Parameter WHE

Data unit kJ/L

Description Latent heat of water evaporation

Source of data CDM Methodology AMS-III.AV, Version 08.0

Value applied 2,260

Justification of choice Default value from the applied methodology

of data or description of
measurement methods
and procedures applied

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Comments -

5.2 Data and Parameters Monitored

Data / Parameter Py

Data unit Number

Description Population who consumes the purified water serviced by the project
activity in year y

Source of data Records and Calculation

Description of Specify the measurement methods and procedures, any standards or

measurement methods protocols to be followed, and the person/entity responsible for the
and procedures to be measurement. Include any relevant information regarding the accuracy
applied of the measurements (e.g., accuracy associated with meter equipment
or laboratory tests).
This parameter will be determined calculation.
Py is calculated based on the fraction of households who actually use
the chlorine dispensers serviced by the project activity to purify water
(nusage / ntotalsample), the total number of households in the targeted
project areas who are potential users of the chlorine dispensers (Ntotal),
and the average household size (Ph).
Refer to Ntotal and Ph below.

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

To determine the fraction of households who use the chlorine

dispensers (nusage / ntotalsample), surveys would be conducted, and
sampling method would be applied. The fraction of households who use
the chlorine dispensers could be calculated by the number of
households sampled who use the chlorine dispensers divided by the
total number of households sampled.

Frequency of Annual
monitoring/recording

Value applied For ex ante emission reductions estimation, assuming that 100%
households sampled use the chlorine dispensers (nusage / ntotalsample =
100%).
According to the spotcheck survey conducted in 2022 and 2023, on
average 50.6 households per chlorine dispensers, and in total 12,161
chlorine dispensers have been installed for the initially included 9
project activity instances under the grouped project. So, Ntotal = average
number of households per project instance x number of chlorine
dispensers per project instance
According to the Uganda National Survey Report 2019/202015, the
national average household size in Uganda is 4.6.
Py = 100% x Ntotal x 4.6

Project Activity Instance Py for each project instance

Project Activity Instance A = 100% x 54.53 x 1,303 x 4.6

= 326,866

Project Activity Instance B = 100% x 43.73 x 1,633 x 4.6

= 328,509

Project Activity Instance C = 100% x 49.75 x 1,442 x 4.6

= 330,004

Project Activity Instance D = 100% x 37.75 x 1,742 x 4.6

= 302,537

Project Activity Instance E = 100% x 48.50 x 1,375 x 4.6

= 306,746

Project Activity Instance F = 100% x 45.58 x 1,398 x 4.6

= 293,098

Project Activity Instance G = 100% x 71.15 x 938 x 4.6 =

306,994

Project Activity Instance H = 100% x 69.34 x 985 x 4.6 =

314,175

Project Activity Instance I = 100% x 52.01 x 1,345 x 4.6

= 321,793

15 https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/09_2021Uganda-National-Survey-Report-2019-2020.pdf

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Monitoring equipment Survey records

QA/QC procedures to be Data will be collected from surveys and will be kept for two years after
applied the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs for each
project activity instance, whichever occurs later.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method Py = (nusage / ntotalsample) x Ntotal x Ph

Comments -

Data / Parameter Ntotal

Data unit Number

Description The total number of households in the targeted project areas who are
potential users of the chlorine dispensers

Source of data Database / Survey Records

Description of The number of households who are potential users of each installed
measurement methods chlorine dispenser will be checked by Spotcheck survey at least once a
and procedures to be year for all the project activity instances under the grouped project in
applied Uganda and updated in the dispenser database / records.
According to the latest Spotcheck Survey conducted by Evidence Action
in 2022 and 2023, there are in total 12,161 chlorine dispensers
installed, and the average number of households per chlorine
dispenser is around 50.6 households.

Frequency of Annual
monitoring/recording

Value applied

Project Activity Instance Ntotal

Project Activity Instance A = 54.53 x 1,303 = 71,058

Project Activity Instance B = 43.73 x 1,633 = 71,415

Project Activity Instance C = 49.75 x 1,442 = 71,740

Project Activity Instance D = 37.75 x 1,742 = 65,769

Project Activity Instance E = 48.50 x 1,375 = 66,684

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Project Activity Instance F = 45.58 x 1,398 = 63,717

Project Activity Instance G = 71.15 x 938 = 66,738

Project Activity Instance H = 69.34 x 985 = 68,299

Project Activity Instance I = 52.01 x 1,345 = 69,955

Monitoring equipment Records

QA/QC procedures to be Data will be collected from survey and chlorine dispenser database and
applied will be kept for two years after the end of the crediting period or the last
issuance of VCUs for each project activity instance, whichever occurs
later.
Project proponent will be responsible for regular maintenance of the
chlorine dispensers and will ensure maintenance of appliances in
accordance with manufacturer’s specifications/ recommendations,
including any provisions in regard to replacement or cleansing of the
involved appliances.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method Not applicable.

Comments -

Data / Parameter Ph

Data unit Number

Description Average household size

Source of data Survey records or official data, or literature

Description of The average household size (Ph) will be determined by either of the
measurement methods following methods:
and procedures to be 1. Direct survey.
applied
Based on the selected samples of the project appliances (chlorine
dispensers at the water points), a survey will be designed to sample the
households at each water point, ask question like ”How many people in
your household?” and identify the average household size. A
statistically valid sample of the chlorine dispensers at the water points
and the households will be selected as per the relevant requirements

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

for sampling in "Standard: sampling and surveys for CDM project

activities and programme of activities”.

2. Official data / literature.

Adopt official data/ authoritative data/ literature which provides
average household size in the project area.

Method 2 is applied. According to the Uganda National Survey Report

2019/2020, the average household size in Uganda is 4.616.

Frequency of Annual
monitoring/recording

Value applied 4.6

Monitoring equipment Not applicable

QA/QC procedures to be Data collected from surveys will be kept for two years after the end of
applied the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs for each project
activity instance, whichever occurs later.
Data sourced from official data or literature would be updated if there
is any latest data source.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method Not applicable

Comments -

Data / Parameter QPWy

Data unit Litres

Description Quantity of purified water in year y

Source of data Records and Calculation

Description of According to the applied methodology, the quantity of purified water in

measurement methods year y shall be determined:
and procedures to be (a) For distributed appliances, as per the following options:
applied

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(i) Monitoring on continuous basis using flow meter(s) for a statistically

valid sample of the distributed appliances, or
(ii) Monitoring of a statistically valid sample of the distributed
appliances during a period that is representative of the monitoring
period.
(b) For water kiosks, as per the following options:
(i) Monitoring on continuous basis using flow meter(s), or
(ii) Monitoring on continuous basis using a standard vessel.
Alternative, this parameter can be calculated, based on either Equation
(2) or Equation (3) of the applied methodology AMS-III.AV, Version 08.0:
Option 2.1: The capacity of the equipment based on the manufacturers’
specifications, and the fraction of time the equipment is used, as
follows:
QPWy = ∑q,i x t
Where:
q,i = Capacity of the water purification device (L/hour) provided by the
manufacturer
t = Usage time (hours/year)
Option 2.2: The population serviced by the project activity and an
average volume of drinking water per person per day, as follows:
QPWy = Py x min(QPWpp; 5.5) x 365
Where:
Py = Population who consumes the purified water serviced by the
project activity in year y
QPWpp = Average volume of drinking water per person per day
(L/person/day) determined ex ante of the crediting period through a
baseline survey
As per the applied methodology, the quantity of purified water, whether
it is monitored or calculated as above, respectively, is subject to a cap
that must be established based on the population (P) serviced by the
project activity and the maximum quantity of drinking water per person
per day of 5.5 L/person/day. If the quantity of purified water by the
project activity exceeds the established cap, emission reductions
cannot be claimed for the quantity of purified water above the
established cap.

For each project activity instance, the alternative Option 2.2 is applied.
QPWy could be determined based on the population serviced by the
project activity in year y (Py) and the average volume of drinking water
per person per day (QPWpp).
Py is calculated based on the fraction of households who actually use
the chlorine dispensers serviced by the project activity to purify water
(nusage / ntotalsample), the total number of households in the targeted
project areas who are potential users of the chlorine dispensers (Ntotal),
and the average household size (Ph). Py is given in the parameter tables
above in this section.

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QPWpp is determined as in the parameter table in section 5.1 above.

Frequency of Annual
monitoring/recording

Value applied

Project Activity Instance QPWy

Project Activity Instance A 357,918,270

Project Activity Instance B 359,717,355

Project Activity Instance C 361,354,380

Project Activity Instance D 331,278,015

Project Activity Instance E 335,886,870

Project Activity Instance F 320,942,310

Project Activity Instance G 336,158,430

Project Activity Instance H 344,021,625

Project Activity Instance I 352,363,335

Monitoring equipment Survey records

QA/QC procedures to be Data collected from surveys will be kept for two years after the end of
applied the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs for each project
activity instance, whichever occurs later.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method QPWy = Py x min(QPWpp; 5.5) x 365

Py = (nusage / ntotalsample) x Ntotal x Ph

Comments If sampling is applied, the sample size would be determined as per the
latest version of the “Standard: Sampling and surveys for CDM project
activities and programme of activities”.

Data / Parameter m

Data unit fraction

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Description Fraction of functional appliances that are providing the SDW

Source of data Survey and test and calculation

Description of As per the applied methodology, this parameter shall be determined

measurement methods through checking all appliances or a statistically representative sample
and procedures to be of the appliances to ensure the following conditions that:
applied (a) they only use technologies that are meeting the SDW technology
standards as per paragraph 4(b);
(b) they are still operating or are replaced by an equivalent in-service
appliance. The use of appliances shall be monitored through self-report
measures (survey data from respondents) as well as physical signs that
are observable (e.g. wetness of the unit, water in storage receptacle,
functionality of parts) as per “Objective measures of functionality and
use of project appliances” described in the Appendix.
(c) they are delivering microbiologically safe drinking water. Appliances
shall deliver treated water verified to be <1 cfu / 100 ml E. coli, using
methods for measurement with a lower detection limit (LDL) of 1 cfu E.
coli per 100 ml sample. Emission reductions cannot be claimed if over
10% of appliances in the project activity fail to meet the final water
quality requirements mentioned above
Fraction of functional appliances that are meeting the SDW is
determined through the statistically representative sample of the
chlorine dispensers to ensure that (a) water quality after treated by
using the chlorine dispensers are meeting the SDW technology
standards as per paragraph 4 (b) of the applied methodology AMS-
III.AV; (b) the chlorine dispensers are still operating or are replaced by
an equivalent in-service appliance; (c) the chlorine dispensers are
delivering microbiologically safe drinking water (chlorine dispensers
deliver treated water verified to be <1 cfu / 100 ml E. coli, and
emission reductions would not be claimed if over 10% of chlorine
dispensers in each project activity instance fail to meet the final water
quality requirements.

m is determined based on the fraction of functional appliances

(functionality%) and purified water meeting the SDW Standards (WQ%).
m = functionality% x WQ%
Refer to the parameters functionality% and WQ% below.

Frequency of Annually
monitoring/recording

Value applied For ex ante of emission reductions estimation, assuming 100% of

installed chlorine dispensers are functional, and 95% of water samples
sampled for each project activity instance under the grouped project
meet the criteria.
Therefore, m = 100% x 95% = 95%

Monitoring equipment Survey and test records

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QA/QC procedures to be The sampling plan shall also include provisions to collect information
applied for records of replacement of appliances, filters and maintenance.
Data will be collected from surveys and tests and will be kept for two
years after the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs
for each project activity instance, whichever occurs later.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method m = functionality% x WQ%

Comments A statistically valid sample of the appliances can be used to determine

the parameter value, as per the relevant requirements for sampling in
the "Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and
programme of activities".
90% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error requirement shall
be achieved for the sampled parameters

Data / Parameter functionality%

Data unit fraction

Description Fraction of functional appliances

Source of data Survey and calculation

Through Spotcheck survey it can be checked if all chlorine dispensers

Description of
or a representative sample are still operating or are replaced by a
measurement methods
and procedures to be system in comparable quality. If there are any repair or maintenance or
applied replacement, all are well recorded.

The number of functional chlorine dispensers will be determined at

least annually for all instances in Uganda.

In case a dispenser is not operating and has not been replaced, it will
be excluded from the emission reduction calculation for the whole
monitoring period considered.

For ex ante emission reductions estimation, it is assumed that all

chlorine dispensers are functional.

Frequency of Annually
monitoring/recording

Value applied For ex ante of emission reductions estimation, assuming 100% of

installed chlorine dispensers are functional.

Monitoring equipment Survey records

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QA/QC procedures to be The sampling plan shall also include provisions to collect information
applied for records of replacement of appliances, filters and maintenance.
Data collected from surveys will be kept for two years after the end of
the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs for each project
activity instance, whichever occurs later.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method functionality% = number of functional chlorine dispensers / total

number of installed chlorine dispensers

Comments A statistically valid sample of the appliances can be used to determine

the parameter value, as per the relevant requirements for sampling in
the "Standard for sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and
programme of activities".
90% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error requirement shall
be achieved for the sampled parameters

Data / Parameter WQ%

Data unit fraction

Description Fraction of households using the chlorine dispensers to purify water

with the water quality meeting the SDW standards

Source of data Survey / test and calculation

Total Chlorine Residual (TCR) is used to identify water that has been
Description of
chlorinated. All household stored water samples that test positive for
measurement methods
and procedures to be TCR using a chemical test with a Hach Color Wheel are then tested for
applied E.coli using the IDEXX machine.

The fraction of households with sufficient water quality is established

for a instance or a group of instances as number of samples with E.coli
below 1 CFU/100 ml divided by the number of samples that tested
positive for the presence of TCR.

The fraction will be established through the carbon monitoring survey

carried out with sampled households. Multi-stage sampling method will
be applied, and the dispensers and the households under each
sampled dispensers will be sampled from the group of instances in
Uganda.

For ex ante emission reductions estimation, it is assumed that 95% of

samples tested have shown positive for the presence of TCR with E.coli
below 1 CFU/100 ml.

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Emission reductions cannot be claimed if over 10% of chlorine

dispensers in the project activity instance fail to meet the final water
quality requirements mentioned above.

Frequency of Annually
monitoring/recording

Value applied For ex ante of emission reductions estimation, assuming 95% of water
samples sampled for each project activity instance under the grouped
project meet the criteria.

Monitoring equipment Survey and test records

QA/QC procedures to be The fraction of water quality measurements providing water of

applied insufficient quality shall be excluded from the calculation of emission
reductions.
Data will be collected from surveys and tests and will be kept for two
years after the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs
for each project activity instance, whichever occurs later.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method WQ% = number of qualified water samples / total number of water
samples

Comments Emission reductions cannot be claimed if project activity instance fails

to meet SDW standards.
A 95% confidence interval and a 10% margin of error requirement shall
be achieved for the sampling parameter.

Data / Parameter Check for SDW public distribution network

Data unit -

Description Annual check if there is a public distribution network supplying SDW is

installed

Source of data Survey or interview records

Description of Interview with the Resident District Commissioner (RDC) in the districts
measurement methods of the project activity instance to determine if a piped water supply
and procedures to be exists for the sub-counties included in the instance.
applied
In case that the RDC mentions that a SDW public distribution network
has become available within the project boundary, measures will be
undertaken to determine the number of households supplied by the
public system. The emission reductions pertaining to the households

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supplied by the public system would not be claimed from that point
onwards.
Monitoring shall include annual check if there is public distribution
network supplying SDW.
In case a safe drinking water network is found to exist, households
receiving SDW will be identified via map, surveys, and/or pictures.

Frequency of Annual
monitoring/recording

Value applied For ex ante estimation, it is assumed that no SDW public distribution
network exists in the project boundary of each project activity instance.

Monitoring equipment Survey / Interview records

QA/QC procedures to be Data will be collected from surveys and will be kept for two years after
applied the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs for each
project activity instance, whichever occurs later.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method Not applicable.

Comments If SDW is made available through a public distribution network during

the crediting period, the emission reductions pertaining to the
households/buildings supplied by the public system cannot be claimed
from that point onwards. This condition should be checked annually
during the crediting period.

Data / Parameter Quality of safe drinking water

Data unit -

Description The quality of the safe drinking water

Source of data Project activity site

Description of The quality of safe drinking water is assessed under parameter m. In

measurement methods the monitoring process, total Chlorine Residual (TCR) is used to identify
and procedures to be water that has been chlorinated. All household stored water samples
applied that test positive for TCR using a chemical test with a Hach Color Wheel
are then tested for E. coli using the IDEXX machine.

Frequency of At least once every two years

monitoring/recording

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Value applied For ex ante of emission reductions estimation, assuming water quality
of all samples < 1 cfu / 100 ml E. coli

Monitoring equipment Survey records

QA/QC procedures to be The fraction of water quality measurements providing water of

applied insufficient quality shall be excluded from the calculation of emission
reductions.
Data will be collected from surveys and will be kept for two years after
the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of VCUs for each
project activity instance, whichever occurs later.

Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

Calculation method Not applicable

Comments Emission reductions cannot be claimed if project activity fails to meet

SDW standards as per paragraph 4(b) of the applied methodology.

5.3 Monitoring Plan

The monitoring procedures and sampling plan for the grouped project would be in-line with the
applied CDM methodology AMS-III.AV low greenhouse gas-emitting safe drinking water
production systems (Version 08.0) and the procedures outlined in the CDM Standard: Sampling
and Surveys for CDM Project Activities and Programme of Activities (Version 09.0), which refers
to the CDM Guideline: Sampling and Surveys for CDM Project Activities and Programme of
Activities (Version 04.0).

Due to the large number of chlorine dispensers installed in each project activity instance
included in the grouped project, it is not economically feasible to monitor each individual
chlorine dispenser installed. Therefore, representative sampling would be applied to the
grouped project (by grouping and sampling across project activity instances) which would be
designed in line with the requirements of the “Guideline: Sampling and surveys for CDM project
activities and programme of activities”, (Version 04.0).

(a) Objective and reliability requirements

As a rule, the most appropriate confidence/precision levels required by the methodology AMS-
III.AV (Version 08.0) and the Sampling Standard will be applied whenever sampling is
undertaken. According to the Sampling Standard, 95/10 reliability is to be applied whenever
sampling across a group of instances, which will typically be the case for this grouped project.
In the case of conducting instance-specific sampling, the methodology AMS-III.AV (Version 08.0)

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requires 90/10 confidence/precision if annual sampling is applied, or 95/10

confidence/prevision if biennial (every two years) sampling is applied.

The objective of the sampling effort will be to meet the monitoring requirements set forth in the
methodology AMS-III.AV (Version 08.0). Monitoring will be carried out on an annual basis (or
biennial basis for specific parameters when allowed by the methodology). The sampling plan
can apply to a group of instances. The project proponent has considered 95/10
confidence/precision sampling to consider the included instances under one sampling frame.
Since in each instance the water purification systems (i.e., chlorine dispensers) have been or to
be installed. All monitoring would be coordinated by the project proponent (Evidence Action).

Parameters to be monitored for each project activity instance

The following table gives an overview of the parameters to be monitored for each instance:

Parameter Means of monitoring Monitoring

frequency

Check for SDW public Annual interview with the Resident District Annual
distribution network Commissioner (RDC) in the districts of the project
activity instance to determine if a piped water supply
exists for the sub-counties included in the instance.

In case that the RDC mentions that a SDW public

distribution network has become available within
the project boundary, measures will be undertaken
to determine the number of households supplied by
the public system. The emission reductions
pertaining to the households supplied by the public
system would not be claimed from that point
onwards.

Parameters to be sampled for each instance individually, or for groups of instances to which
this instance belongs

The following table gives an overview of the parameters to be sampled for this instance
individually, or for groups of instances to which this instance belongs:

Parameter Means of monitoring Monitoring

frequency

nusage / ntotalsample Source of data: Surveys based on sampling method Annual

Type of parameter: Proportion value

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Sampling method: Multi-stage sampling

Confidence/precision level: 95/10

To determine the fraction of households who use the

chlorine dispensers (nusage / ntotalsample), surveys would be
conducted, and sampling method would be applied. The
fraction of households who use the chlorine dispensers
could be calculated by the number of households
sampled who use the chlorine dispensers divided by the
total number of households sampled.

Ntotal Source of data: Records Annual

Type of parameter: Numerical value

Sampling method: All chlorine dispensers at the water

points are checked

The number of households who are potential users of

each installed chlorine dispenser will be checked by
Spotcheck survey at least once a year for all the project
activity instances under the grouped project in Uganda
and updated in the dispenser database / records.

Ph Source of data: Official data or literature value or Annual

surveys based on sampling method

Type of parameter: Numerical value

Sampling method: if surveys based on sampling method

is chosen, multi-stage sampling would be applied)

Confidence/precision level: 95/10 (if multi-stage

sampling is used)

The average household size (Ph) will be determined by

the following methods:
1. Direct survey.
Based on the selected samples of the project appliances
(chlorine dispensers at the water points), a survey will be
designed to sample the households at each water point,
ask question like ”How many people in your household?”

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and identify the average household size. A statistically

valid sample of the chlorine dispensers at the water
points and the households will be selected as per the
relevant requirements for sampling in "Standard:
sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and
programme of activities”.

2. Official data / literature.

Adopt official data/ authoritative data/ literature which
provides average household size in the project area.
Data sourced from official data or literature would be
updated annually if there is any latest data source.
functionality% Source of data: Survey Annually

Type of parameter: Proportion value

Sampling method: All chlorine dispensers are checked

Through the spotcheck survey all chlorine dispensers

will be checked if they are still operating or are replaced
by an equivalent in service appliance.

Functionality = the dispenser releases 3 ml of chlorine

when the valve is turned. (In case the dispenser is
empty, chlorine is added, and the dispenser is checked
again). In case a dispenser is found to be non-functional,
the status of the respective dispenser is recorded as
“non-functional” in a central database.

The functionality% = number of functional chlorine

dispensers / number of all sampled chlorine dispensers

- WQ% Source of data: Carbon monitoring Survey - Annually

- Quality of Type of parameter: Proportional value & - At least
safe drinking once
water E.coli value every
two
Sampling method: Multi-stage sampling
years
Confidence/precision level: 95/10

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Water samples will be taken from selected households

under each selected water points.

Water quality tests using IDEXX machine. Up to 1 E. coli

CFU/100 ml shall be acceptable.

Total Chlorine Residual (TCR) is used to identify water

that has been chlorinated. All household stored water
samples that test positive for TCR using a chemical test
with a Hach Color Wheel are then tested for E.coli using
the IDEXX machine.

The fraction of households with sufficient water quality

is established as number of samples with E.coli below 1
CFU/100ml divided by the number of samples that
tested positive for the presence of TCR.

The water quality monitoring can be sampled for a group

of instances as specified in the following descriptions for
sample design.

(b) Target population

The overall target population are the end users of chlorine dispensers installed at the
communal water points as a result of the project activity instances implemented under the
grouped project. Each dispenser casing is marked with a unique identification number on a
scannable asset tag, which is part of the instance installation records. The list of all users of a
water point is compiling during the spotcheck survey.

Therefore, each end user is linked to a cluster (in this case the water point with a dispenser)
and each chlorine dispenser is assigned to a specific project activity instance. The end user’s
premises can be visited during monitoring. The information is collected and is stored on the
shared drive maintained by the project proponent in the project activity instance’s specific
folder.

(c) Sample size

According to the CDM Standard: sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and
programme of activities”, if there is more than one parameter to be estimated, then a sample
size calculation should be done for each of them. Then either the largest number for the
sample size is chosen as sampling effort with one common survey, or separate sampling efforts
and surveys are undertaken for each parameter.

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Thus, there are different equations to calculate a required sample size for different situations.
Different equation that will be used, depends on the type of parameter of interest, that is
either:

For all of the parameters a 90% confidence is required where the margin of error in the
estimate is not more than 10% and assuming annual sampling for a single instance. If sampling
is done across a group of instances or biennially, parameters shall have a 95% confidence
level.
Below formulae assume sampling to be done across a group of instances and hence
calculations are demonstrated with a 95% confidence level.
Multi-stage sample method is applied, and the parameters are proportional parameters, so
equation (16) from the CDM Guideline: Sampling and surveys for CDM project activities and
programmes of activities, Version 04.0 is applied:

Where:

c = Number of groups should be sampled (water points)

M = Total number of groups in the population (water points)

ū = Number of units to be sampled within each group

= Average units per group (average number of households per water point)

SDB2 = Unit variance (variance between water points)

SDW2 = Average of the group variance (average within water point variation)

p = Overall proportion

1.645/ = 1.645 represents the 90% confidence required (or adopt 1.960
1.960 represents the 95% confidence required)

0.1 = Represents the 10% relative precision

Table 1: Parameters to determine the sample size achieving 95/10 confidence/precision

Parameter Description nusage / ntotalsmaple WQ%

used to (proportion) (proportion)
calculate

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sample
size
M Total number of water points 12,161 12,161

ū Number of households to be 20 20
sampled within each water point

Average number of households per 50.6 50.6

chlorine dispenser / water point
SDB2 Variance between water points 0.01 0.01

SDW2 Average within water point variation 0.1 0.1

p Expected overall proportion 0.9 0.9
c Number of water points to be 7 7
sampled for the group of instances
n Total number of households to be 7 x 20 = 140 7 x 20 = 140
sampled for the group of instances

As per the calculation based on the expected overall proportion and expected variance between
water points and within water points, at least 7 water points with 20 households selected from
each water points should be sampled for all the initially included project activity instances
under the grouped project.

Oversampling is encouraged, not only to compensate for any attrition, outliers or nonresponse
associated with the sample, but also to prevent a situation at the analysis stage where the
required reliability is not achieved and additional sampling efforts would be required. Thus, the
project proponent expects to sample 14 water points. So, a total of 280 households would be
sampled.

(d) Data management

(i) Field Measurements:

The following parameters will be measured as indicated below:

Parameter Methods to be applied

Check for SDW public distribution Interview with the local authorities
network

nusage / ntotalsample Carbon monitoring survey based on sampled water

points / dispensers and households

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Ntotal Spotcheck survey to physically check all dispensers

during chlorine delivery
functionality%

WQ% Carbon monitoring survey based on sampled water

points / dispensers and households
Quality of safe drinking water

(ii) Quality Assurance/Quality Control:

The potential for non-responses, refusals and related issues will be considered during sample
selection. If the sampling results are insufficient to achieve the target reliability levels, the
project proponent may remedy this situation in a number of ways: Selecting a larger than
necessary sample size before commencing monitoring can help ensure that an adequate
number of responses are obtained during monitoring. If it is necessary to engage third parties
for carrying out field measurements, the project proponent will ensure that any such third
parties are credible, experienced, and adequately trained for the tasks they are contracted for
(e.g. carrying out water quality tests) in line with the methodology. Training will be provided to
the parties carrying out the actual field measurements on how to deal with non-responses etc.
if necessary.

The calculation of the sample size will be carried out using estimates for proportions, mean of
values and standard deviations as the actual characteristics of the population/sampling frame
are unknown ex ante. In order to ensure the quality of the sampling results, the project
proponent can draw on the provisions for reliability calculations as provided by the CDM
Guideline: Sampling and Surveys for CDM project activities and programme of activities Version
04.0. In the event that the sampling results do not fulfil the required level of confidence and
precision, the project proponent will collect additional samples. If the reliability is still not
sufficient after additional samples, the sampling may be repeated with an increased sample
size, or conservative value is adopted as per the sampling guideline.

The data contained in each individual instance monitoring record and collected during field
measurements will be stored on the shared drive maintained by the project proponent in the
specific folder.

(iii) Analysis:

The data obtained from sampling of each instance will be used to estimate values for the
parameters described above for use in GHG ER calculations.

(e) Implementation Plan

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It is envisaged that Evidence Action will implement the monitoring plan (sampling plan) for
corresponding instance, or contract necessary third parties who would be responsible for actual
field measurements, under the guidance of the project consultancy.

The Evidence Action will be trained to ensure that field measurements are undertaken in line
with the standards required of the Sampling Plan.

The skills and experience required for the data collection activities under the monitoring plan
may include:

• Experiences with field water quality testing

• Experience conducting door-to-door surveys

• Local language skills and English language skills

• Cultural awareness

• Numerical proficiency

• Data entry skill

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INFORMATION
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APPENDIX 2: BASELINE SURVEY

The baseline surveys have been conducted by Evidence Action between August 2022 and May 2023,
before the installation of the chlorine dispensers. The baseline surveys have been used to determine: i)
if water boiling is the common practice of water treatment before implementation of the project activity
instances; and ii) the type of stoves and fuels used to boil water prior to the project implementation in
targeted households in Bugiri, Buyende, Iganga, Jinja, Kaliro, Kamuli, Luuka, Mayuge, Namayingo,
Bugweri and Busia districts in the project boundaries of the initially included 9 project activity instances
under the grouped project.

Parameters to be determined ex ante through the baseline surveys:

Parameter to be Description
determined in
Baseline Survey

Xboil (proportion) Fraction of the population served by the project activity for which the
common practice of water treatment is or would have been water boiling

BLfuel,i (proportion) Proportions of baseline fuel type i (non-renewable biomass and/or fossil
fuels) used in the absence of the project activity (fraction)

ƞwb (proportion) Thermal efficiency of water boiling system being replaced

Target Population

The communities that are or will be using the chlorine dispensers in the project area comprise rural
villages which can be considered as similar in terms of their living conditions, access to water and
water treatment methods. The target population comprises a total of around 615,000 households
(50.6 x 12,161, based on the average number of households per water point determined previously as
part of the water point spotcheck survey).

Sampling Method and Size

For each project activity instance, the multi-stage sampling approach has been chosen as the sampling
method as per the Guideline: Sampling and Surveys for CDM Project Activities and Programme of
Activities (Version 04.0). It has been chosen to survey 8 households per water point ID (this is the
number of households that one enumerator can do in one day). Initial observations and discussions
with local communities suggested that three stone stoves fired by wood are most prevalent in the
project boundary of the project activity instances. Improved stoves fired by wood and charcoal stoves

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are rare. No households using a fossil fuel combusting system are expected to be found. Further, even
though all households included in the sampling frame have or will have access to a chlorine dispenser,
it is not possible to ex ante determine actual users of the dispensers.

The required sample size was estimated using equation (16) on page 34 in the Guideline: Sampling and
Surveys for CDM Project Activities and Programme of Activities (Version 04.0). To achieve a 90%
confidence interval and a 10% precision, a sample size of at least 9 water points with 8 households
surveyed at each water point is required (based on the parameters listed in Table 1) for each project
activity instance. The project proponent’s local team decided to invest some more time and resources
in the baseline surveys to achieve a higher precision of the result. Finally, for each project activity
instance on average 60 water points were selected randomly and at each water point on average 8
randomly selected households were visited. For the initially included 9 project activity instances under
the grouped project, in total 539 water points were selected with on average 8 households visited for
each water point so in total 4,317 households visited.

Where:

C = Number of groups that should be sampled

M = Total number of groups in the population

u = Number of units to be sampled within each group

N = Average units per group

SDB2 = Unit variance (variance between groups)

SDW2 = Average of the group variances (average within group variation)

p = Overall proportion

1.645 = Represents the 90% confidence required

0.1 = Represents the 10% relative precision

Table 1: Parameters to determine the sample size achieving 90/10 confidence/precision

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Parameters used Description Xboil BLfuel,i ƞwb

to calculate (proportion) (proportion) (proportion)
sample size
M Total number of water 938 ~ 1,742 938 ~ 1,742 938 ~ 1,742
points for each project
activity instance
u Number of households 8 8 8
to be sampled under
each water point
N Average number of 50.6 50.6 50.6
households per water
point
SDB2 Variance between 0.01 0.01 0.01
water points
SDW2 Average within water 0.1 0.1 0.1
point variation
p Expected overall 0.9 0.9 0.8
proportion (expected 90% (expected 90% (expected 80%
households boil households use households
water or would non-renewable using
boil water biomass to boil traditional low-
before project water) efficiency
implementation) stoves)
C Number of water points Min: 7 Min: 7 Min: 9
to be sampled for each
project activity instance
n Total number of n=uxC n=uxC n=uxC
households to be = 8 x 7 = 56 = 8 x 7 = 56 = 8 x 9 = 72
sampled for each
project activity instance

Therefore, it is expected that at least in total 9 water points with 8 households for each water point
need to be sampled (to achieve 90% confidence) in each project activity instance in order to get
estimates of the required precision.

Results

The results of the survey are presented in the Table 2 below.

Project Activity Instance Xboil BLfuel,i Proportion of ƞwb

conventional stoves

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 VCS Project Description Template, v4.3

Project Activity Instance A 100% 100% 95.39% 10.47%

Project Activity Instance B 100% 100% 95.03% 10.50%

Project Activity Instance C 100% 100% 95.83% 10.42%

Project Activity Instance D 100% 100% 96.15% 10.39%

Project Activity Instance E 100% 100% 96.90% 10.32%

Project Activity Instance F 100% 100% 95.63% 10.46%

Project Activity Instance G 100% 100% 98.17% 10.19%

Project Activity Instance H 100% 100% 94.60% 10.55%

Project Activity Instance I 100% 100% 96.92% 10.31%

Wood is the predominant fuel in the 9 project instances areas, used in 93.1% of all households; and
96.0% of all stoves sampled are considered as conventional.

For each project activity instance, the required 90/10 confidence/precision requirement is clearly met
with 90% confidence that the prevalence of unimproved cook stoves is 96.0%.

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