JEPPIAAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai – 600 119

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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SUBJECT : ENGINEERING GRAPHICS-GE 8152

YEAR /SEM: I /I

UNIT- 1 UNIT I PLANE CURVES AND FREE HAND SKETCHING

Basic Geometrical constructions, Curves used in engineering practices: Conics – Construction of
ellipse, parabola and hyperbola by eccentricity method – Construction of cycloid – construction of
involutes of square and circle – Drawing of tangents and normal to the above curves.

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Visualization concepts and Free Hand sketching: Visualization principles –Representation of Three

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Dimensional objects – Layout of views- Free hand sketching of multiple views from pictorial views
of objects.
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CO Mapping : C106.1
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
e

Level
ne

Construct a hyperbola when the distance between the

focus and directrix is 45 mm and eccentricity is 5/4. BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
1
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Also draw the tangent and normal to any point on the PO3
curve. (20)
Construct an ellipse when the distance between the
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BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,

focus and directrix is 35 mm and eccentricity is 3/4.
2 PO3
Also draw the tangent and normal to any point on the
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curve. (20)
Construct a parabola when the distance between the BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
3 focus and directrix is 30mm. Also draw the tangent PO3
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and normal to any point on the curve. (20)

Construct a cycloid given the radius of the generating BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
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4 circle is 30mm. also draw a tangent and normal at PO3

any point on the cycloid. (20)
Construct a cycloid for one and half revolutions when BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
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5 the radius of the generating circle is 25mm. (20 PO3

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Construct an epicycloid of a circle 50 mm diameter

PO1, PO2,
which rolls outside of another circle of 100 mm BT-6 Create
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6 PO3
diameter for one revolution. Draw tangent and
normal to any point on the curve. (20)

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A circus man rides motor bike inside a globe of 6m

diameter. the motor bike has the wheel of 1m
PO1, PO2,
diameter. Draw the locus of the point on the BT-6 Create
7 circumference of the motor-bike for one complete PO3
revolution. Adopt suitable scale. (20)

A coir is unwound from a drum of 30 mm diameter.

BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
Draw the locus of the free end of the coir for
8 PO3
unwinding through an angle of 360°. Also draw
normal and tangent at any point on the curve. (20)
Develop the Involute of a circle of radius 20mm. BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,

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9 Also draw the tangent and normal at any point on the PO3
curve. (20)
Develop t he Involute of a square of side 25mm. Also BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,

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10 draw the tangent and normal at any point on the PO3
curve. (20
Construct a hyperbola when the distance between the
BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,

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focus and directrix is 30 mm and eccentricity is 4/3.
11 PO3
Also draw the tangent and normal to any point on the
curve. (20)
Construct an ellipse when the distance between the
ine
BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
focus and directrix is 40 mm and eccentricity is 2/3.
12 PO3
Also draw the tangent and normal to any point on the
curve. (20)
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Construct a parabola when the distance between the BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
13 focus and directrix is 40mm. Also draw the tangent PO3
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and normal to any point on the curve. (20)

Make free hand sketches of the front, top and right BT-6 Create PO1, PO2,
14 side views of the object shown in Fig., PO3, PO12
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UNIT II PROJECTION OF POINTS, LINES AND PLANE SURFACES

Orthographic projection- principles-Principal planes-First angle projection-projection of points.
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Projection of straight lines (only First angle projections) inclined to both the principal planes -
Determination of true lengths and true inclinations by rotating line method and traces- Projection of
planes (polygonal and circular surfaces) inclined to both the principal planes by rotating object
method.
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CO Mapping : C106.2
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Q.No Questions BT Competence PO

Level
A line AB 65mm long has its end A, 10mm above
HP and 25mm in front of VP. It is inclined at 65° to BT-6 Create
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1 PO2.PO3
HP and 25° to VP. Draw its projections. Also mark
the traces. (20)
One end P of line PQ, 80mm long is 10mm above HP
and 15mm in front of VP. The line is inclined at 40° BT-6 Create
2 to HP and the top view of the line is making 50° with PO2,PO3
VP. Draw the projections of the line and find its true
inclination with the VP.(20)
One end of a line AB is 5mm above HP and 15mm in
3
front of VP. Its elevation and plan measures 50mm BT-6 Create PO4,PO2,
and 65mm respectively. The elevation is inclined at PO3
50º. Draw the projections and find true length and

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true inclinations. (20

The plan of a line AB is 80mm long and makes 35º
with XY. Its elevation makes 45º with XY and the BT-6 Create PO2,PO3
4 line intersects XY at A. Identify and finds its true
length and inclinations to HP and VP. Also mark the
traces. (20)
The top view of a line is 65mm long and inclined to
XY at 30º. One end is 20mm above HP and 10mm in
front of VP. The other end is 60mm above HP and is BT-6 Create PO2,PO3
5
in front of VP. Identify and find the true length of the
line, its inclination with HP and VP. Also mark the

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traces. (20
A point P is 45mm above HP and 25mm in front of
VP. Another point Q is 25mm above HP and 55mm
BT-6 Create

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6
in front of VP. The top view of the line PQ is inclined
PO2, PO4
at 40º to XY line. Draw the projections of the line.
Identify and find the true length and true inclinations

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of the line with HP and VP. (20
A line AB 75mm long has its end A is in HP and BT-6 Create PO2,PO3
7 other end B is in VP. The line is inclined 45° to HP
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and 30° to VP. Draw the projections. (20
A line measuring 75mm long has one of its ends
50mm in front of VP and 20mm above HP. The other BT-6 Create PO2,PO3
8 end is 15mm in front of VP and above HP. The top
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view of the line measures 50mm. Draw the

projections and find its true inclinations. (20)
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The midpoint of a line AB is 35mm above HP and

45mm in front of VP. The top view and front view of
the line measures 80mm and 70mm respectively. The BT-6 Create PO2,PO3
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9
end A is 10mm in front of VP and the end B is nearer
to HP. Draw the projections and find its true length
and true inclinations. (20)
The midpoint of a straight line AB 90mm long is
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60mm above HP and 50mm in front of VP. It is BT-6 Create PO2,PO3

10
inclined 45° to VP and 30° to HP. Draw the
projections. (20)
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A regular hexagon of side 40mm is resting on one of

its corners on HP and the surface inclined 45º to HP. BT-6 Create
11 Draw the projections when the diagonal through the PO10, PO12
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corner resting on HP makes an angle of 60ºwith VP.

(20
A pentagonal lamina of side 30mm rests on the
ground with one of its sides inclined at 30° to VP BT-6 Create
12 PO10 ,PO11
while the surface of the lamina is inclined at 45º to
HP. Draw the projections of the lamina. (20
A rectangular plate of size 60mm x 30mm has one of
its shorter edges in VP and inclined at 40º to HP. BT-6 Create
13 PO10 ,PO12
Draw its top view if its front view is a square of side
30mm. (20)

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Draw the projections of a square plane of side 35mm

14
rests on the ground on one of its corners with a BT-6 Create
PO10, PO12
diagonal containing that corner is inclined 40˚ to HP
and 50˚ to VP. (20
A circular plate of negligible thickness and 50mm
15
diameter is vertical and inclined at 45º to VP. Draw BT-6 Create
PO10, PO12
its projections when the centre of the circular lamina
is 40mm above HP and 60mm in front of VP. (20

UNIT III PROJECTION OF SOLIDS

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Projection of simple solids like prisms, pyramids, cylinder, cone and truncated solids when the axis is
inclined to one of the principal planes by rotating object method.

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CO Mapping : C106.3

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Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level
A pentagonal prism of base side 35mm, axis height
60mm is resting on HP on one of its base edges with BT-6 Create PO1,PO3,P
ine
1
its axis inclined at 45˚ to HP and parallel to VP. O6
Draw the projections of the prism. (20)
A hexagonal prism of base side 30mm, axis height
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50mm is resting on HP on one of its base corners BT-6 Create PO1,PO3,P

2
with its base inclined at 35˚ to HP and parallel to VP. O6
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Draw the projections of the prism. (20)

A square pyramid of base side 30mm, axis height
60mm is resting on HP on one of its base corners BT-6 Create PO1,PO3,P
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3 with its axis inclined at 50˚ to HP and parallel to VP.

O6
Draw its projections when the base sides containing
the resting corners are equally inclined to HP. (20)
A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30mm, axis height
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60mm is resting on HP on one of its base edges with BT-6 Create PO1,PO3,P
4 its axis inclined at 50˚to HP and parallel to VP. Draw
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the projections of the pyramid by change of position
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method. (20)
A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30mm, axis height
60mm is resting on HP on one of its base corners
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BT-6 Create PO1,PO3,P

5 with its axis inclined at 40˚ to HP and parallel to VP.
O6
Draw its projections when the base sides containing
the resting corners are equally inclined to HP. (20)
A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis
height 55mm is resting on HP on one of its base BT-6 Create
6 edges with the face containing the resting edge PO1,PO3
perpendicular to both HP and VP. Draw its
projections. (20)
A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis BT-6 Create
7 height 50mm is resting on HP on one of its base PO1,PO3,
corners with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its

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projections when the slant edge containing the resting

corner is vertical. (20)
A square pyramid of base side 40mm and axis height
50mm is resting on HP on one of its base corners BT-6 Create
8 with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its projections PO1,PO3
when the slant edge containing the resting corner is
vertical. (20)
A pentagonal prism of base 30mm and axis length
60mm is resting on HP on one of its rectangular faces BT-6 Create
9 PO1,PO3
with its axis inclined 45˚ to VP. Draw its projection.
(20)

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A hexagonal pyramid of base side 35mm and axis
height 65mm is resting on HP on one of its triangular BT-6 Create
10 PO1,PO3
faces with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its

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projections. (20)
A cone of base diameter 50mm and axis height BT-6 Create
11 65mm is resting on HP on one of its generators with PO1,PO3

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its axis parallel to VP. Draw its projections. (20)
A cylinder of base diameter 50mm and axis height
65mm is resting on HP on one of its generators with BT-6 Create
12 PO1,PO3
its axis inclined at 50º to VP. Draw its projections.
ine
(20)
A cylinder of base diameter 50mm and axis height
65mm is resting on HP on a point on the BT-6 Create
13 PO1,PO3
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circumference of the base with its axis inclined at 50º

to HP and parallel to VP. Draw its projections. (20)
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A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis

length 60mm is suspended by means of a string from BT-6 Create
14 PO1,PO3
one of its base corners with its axis parallel to VP.
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Draw its projections. (20)

A square pyramid of base side 30mm and axis length
60mm is suspended by means of a string from one of BT-6 Create
15 PO1,PO3
its base corners with its axis parallel to VP. Draw its
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projections. (20)
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UNIT IV PROJECTION OF SECTIONED SOLIDS AND

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DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES
Sectioning of above solids in simple vertical position when the cutting plane is inclined to the one of
the principal planes and perpendicular to the other – obtaining true shape of section. Development of
lateral surfaces of simple and sectioned solids – Prisms, pyramids cylinders and cones.

CO Mapping : C106.4
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level
A hexagonal prism of base 30mm and axis 60mm BT-6 Create
1 rests on its base on HP with its axis perpendicular to PO1,PO5
HP and one of the base edge parallel to VP. The solid

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is cut by a plane which is perpendicular to VP,

inclined at 40˚ to HP and bisecting the axis of the
prism. Draw the front view, sectional top view and
true shape of the section. (20)
A square pyramid has a base side of 40mm and
altitude 80mm. It rests with its base on HP such that
one side of the base is inclined at 30° to VP. The BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
2
pyramid is cut by a plane which bisects the axis and
is inclined at 45° to HP. Draw the front view,
sectional top view and true shape of the section. (20
A cylinder of base diameter 50mm and height 65mm

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rests on its base on HP. It is cut by a plane
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 30° to HP and BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
3
meets the axis at a distance 30mm from the base.

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Draw the front view, sectional top view and true
shape of the section. (20)
A cone of base diameter 40mm and altitude 50mm

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rests on its base on the HP. It is cut by a plane BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
4 inclined at 45° to HP and passes through a point on
axis which is 20mm above HP. Draw the front view,
ine
sectional top view and true shape of the section. (20)
A hexagonal pyramid of base 35mm and axis 70mm
is resting on HP on its base with two sides of base
perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
5
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45° to VP, perpendicular to HP and 10mm away from

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the axis. Draw its top view, sectional front view and
true shape of the section. (20)
A hexagonal prism, side of base 45mm and axis
75mm long, rests with its base on HP such that one of
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its rectangular faces is parallel to VP. A sectional BT-6 Create PO1,PO5

6
plane perpendicular to HP and parallel to VP cuts the
prism at a distance of 15mm from the axis. Draw its
top view and sectional front view. (20)
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A cone of base diameter 50mm and axis length

60mm is resting on HP on its base. It is cut by a plane
inclined at 40° to VP and perpendicular to HP that BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
w.

7
cuts the cone at a distance of 10mm from the axis and
in front of it. Draw its top view, sectional front view
and true shape of the section. (20)
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A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis

height 60mm is resting on HP on its base with a base
edge parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular BT-6 Create
8 PO1,PO5
to VP, inclined 70° to HP and passing through a point
in its axis at a distance of 20mm from the base. Draw
the sectional top view and true shape of the section.
(20)
A hexagonal prism of base 35mm side and axis
65mm long is resting on its base on HP with a base BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
9
edge parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular
to HP, inclined 50° to VP and 15mm away from the

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axis of the prism. Draw the top view and sectional

front view of the prism. Also draw the true shape of
the section. (20
A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis
height 60mm is resting on its base on HP with two of
the base edges parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
10 perpendicular to VP, inclined 30° to HP and bisects
the axis of the pyramid. Draw the development of the
lateral surfaces of the lower portion of the pyramid.
(20)
A cylinder of base diameter 40mm and height 65mm

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rests on its base on HP. It is cut by a plane
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 30° to HP and BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
11
meets the axis at a distance 30mm from the base.

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Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
cylinder. (20
A hexagonal prism of base side 30mm and axis

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60mm is resting on HP on one of its bases with two
of the vertical faces perpendicular to VP. It is cut by BT-6 Create
12 PO1,PO5
a plane inclined at 50° to HP and perpendicular to VP
ine
passing the axis at a distance of 35mm from the top
surface. Draw the development of the remaining
portion of the prism. (20)
A square pyramid has a base side of 40mm and
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altitude 80mm. It rests with its base on HP such that

BT-6 Create
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one side of the base is inclined at 30° to VP. The PO1,PO5

13
pyramid is cut by a plane which bisects the axis and
is inclined at 45° to HP. Draw the development of the
remaining portion of the pyramid. (20)
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A pentagonal pyramid has a base side of 30mm and

axis height of 70mm. It rests with its base on HP such
that one of the base edges perpendicular to VP. The BT-6 Create PO1,PO5
14
pyramid is cut by a plane which bisects the axis and
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is inclined at 30° to HP. Draw the development of the

remaining portion of the pyramid. (20)
A cone of base diameter 40mm and altitude 60mm
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rests on its base on the HP. It is cut by a plane

inclined at 40° to HP and passes through a point on BT-6 Create
15 PO1,PO5
axis which is 40mm above HP. Draw the
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development of the lateral surface of the lower

portion of the cone. (20)

UNIT V ISOMETRIC AND PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS

Principles of isometric projection – isometric scale –Isometric projections of simple solids and

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truncated solids - Prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones- combination of two solid objects in simple
vertical position. Perspective projection of simple solids-Prisms, pyramids and cylinders by visual ray
method.
PART – A
CO Mapping : C106.5
Q.No Questions BT Competence PO
Level
A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and height
60mm rests on its base on HP with two of its base
edges perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
1 perpendicular to VP and inclined at 25° to HP,

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O12
meeting the axis at a point 25mm above the base of
the pyramid. Draw the isometric projection of the
truncated pyramid. (20)

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A cylinder of base diameter 40mm and height 60mm
rests on its base on HP. It is cut by a plane
BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45° to HP. The

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2 O12
cutting plane meets the axis at a distance of 15mm
from the top surface. Draw the isometric view of the
truncated cylinder. (20)
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A cylinder of base diameter 50mm and height 60mm
rests on its base on HP. It is cut by a plane
BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 50° to HP. The
3 O12
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cutting plane meets the axis at a distance of 15mm

from the top surface. Draw the isometric projection
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of the truncated cylinder. (20)

A hexagonal prism of base side 30mm and axis
60mm is resting on HP on one of its bases with two
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of the vertical faces perpendicular to VP. It is cut by BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P

4 a plane inclined at 50° to HP and perpendicular to VP O12
passing the axis at a distance of 12mm from the top
surface. Draw the isometric projection of the
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truncated prism. (20)

A pentagonal pyramid of base 30mm and height
65mm stands with its base on HP. An edge of the
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base is parallel to VP and nearer to it. A horizontal BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P

5 section plane cuts the pyramid and passes through a O12
point on the axis at a distance of 25mm from the
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apex. Draw the isometric view of the frustum of the

pyramid. (20)
A cone of base diameter 50mm and height 70mm
stands on HP with its base. It is cut by a cutting plane
PO5,PO10,P
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 30˚ to HP cutting BT-6 Create
6 O12
the axis of the cone at a height of 40mm from its
base. Draw the isometric view of the remaining part
of the cone. (20)
A pentagonal prism of base side 30mm, axis 60mm is BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
7 resting on its base on HP with one of its base edges O12
perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane

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perpendicular to VP, inclined 55º to HP and cut the

axis at a distance of 35mm from the base. Draw the
isometric projection of the truncated prism. (20)
A sphere of radius 18mm is placed centrally over a BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
8 hexagonal slab of side 24mm and thickness 25mm. O12
Draw the isometric view of the combined solid. (20)
The frustum of a pentagonal pyramid with base side BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
9 30mm and top surface of 15mm side has a height of O12
40mm. draw its isometric view. (20)
A rectangular pyramid of sides 30mm x 20mm and
height 35mm rests with its base on ground such that

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one of the longer edges is parallel to picture plane BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
10 and 30mm behind it. The station point is 50mm in O12
front of the picture plane, 30mm to the left of the axis

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of the pyramid and 50mm above the ground. Draw
the perspective view of the pyramid. (20)
A square pyramid of base side 50mm and height

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75mm rests with its base on ground such that the
nearest edge of the base is parallel to picture plane BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
11 and 30mm behind it. The station point is 70mm in O12
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front of the picture plane, 60mm to the right of the
axis of the pyramid and 50mm above the ground.
Draw the perspective view of the pyramid. (20)
A cube of 35mm edge lies with a face on the ground
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and an edge on the picture plane. All the vertical

faces are equally inclined to picture plane. The
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BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P

station point is 80mm in front of the PP and 60mm
12 O12
above the ground. The edge of the cube in contact
with the picture plane is situated 10mm to the right of
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the station point. Draw the perspective projection of

the cube. (20)
A cube of 30mm edge lies with a face on the ground
and two vertical faces perpendicular to picture plane.
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The front face of the cube is 10mm in front of picture BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
13 plane. The station point is 60mm in front of the PP O12
and 60mm above the ground. The nearest edge of the
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cube is 20mm to the right of the station point. Draw

the perspective projection of the cube. (20)
A frustum of a square pyramid of base edge 30mm
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and top edge 20mm. The height of the frustum is

35mm. It rests on its base on the ground with the base
edges equally inclined to picture plane. The axis of BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
14 the frustum is 30mm to the right of the station point. O12
The station point is 55mm in front of PP and 50mm
above GP. The nearest base corner is 10mm behind
picture plane. Draw the perspective projection of the
frustum. (20)
A square pyramid of base 30mm, axis height 45mm BT-6 Create PO5,PO10,P
15 rests with its base on GP. One of the base edges is O12
parallel to PP and 20mm behind it. The station point

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S is 60mm above ground plane, 70mm in front of

picture plane and lies in the central plane which is
40mm to the right of the axis of the pyramid. Draw
the perspective projection of the square pyramid. (20)

Unit-1

Plane Curves and Free Hand Sketching

1. A circle of 50 mm diameter rolls along a line. A point on the circumference of the circle is

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in contact with the line in the beginning and after one complete revolution. Draw the
cycloidal path of the point. Draw a tangent and normal at any point on the curve. [Jan’09]

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2. Draw the locus of a curve traced by a point, when the distance of focus from the directrix
is equal to 35mm and eccentricity is 4/3. Also draw the tangent and normal to the curve at
any point on the curve.

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3. Draw the conic curve, if the distance of focus from the directrix is 70 mm and the
eccentricity is 3/4. Also draw a tangent and a normal at any point on the curve [Jan’09]
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4. Draw the involute of a circle of diameter 40 mm and draw the tangent and the normal to
the involute at any point on the curve. [Jan’09]
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5. Draw a hyperbola when the distance between its focus and directrix is 50 mm and
eccentricity is 3/2. Also draw the tangent and normal at a point 25 mm from the directrix.
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[Jan’10]

6. The focus of a conic is 50 mm from the directrix. Draw the locus of a point 'P' moving in
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such a way that its distance from the directrix is equal to its distance from the focus. Name
the curve. Draw a tangent to the curve at a point 60 mm from the directrix. [Jan’10]

7. A fixed point F is 3.5cm from a fixed straight line. Draw the locus of the point P moving in
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such a way that its distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its distance from F. Name
the curve and draw a normal and tangent at any point on the curve [June’11]
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8. Draw the involute of a circle of diameter 50mm when a string is unwound in the clockwise
Direction. Draw a tangent and normal at a point located on the involute. [Jan’12]
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9. Draw the locus of a point P which moves in a plane in such a way that the ratio of its
distances from a fixed point F and a fixed _straight line AB is always 2/3. The distance
between the fixed point F and fixed straight line is 50mm. Also draw a tangent and normal on
a point on the locus at a horizontal distance of55 mm from the fixed straight line [Jan’12]

10. An inelastic string of length 150mm is wound around a circle of diameter 40 mm. draw
the path traced by the end of the string. Draw also normal and tangent at any point on the
curve.

11. Construct a hyperbola when the distance between the focus and the directrix is 40mm and
the eccentricity is 4/3. Draw a tangent and normal at any point on the hyperbola.

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12. Make free hand sketches of the front, top and right side views of the object shown in Fig
[Nov’10]

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Unit-2
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Projection of points

1. Draw the projections of the following points on a common reference line. A) P 35mm
behind the VP and 20mm below the HP, B) Q 40mm in front the VP and 30mm above the
HP. C) R 50mm behind the VP and 15mm above the HP. D) S 40mm below the HP and in
the VP. E) T 30 mm in front of the VP and 50mm below the HP. (Jan 2013)

Projections of lines

2. A line PF, 65 mm has its end P, 15 mm above the HP and 15 mm in front of the VP. It is

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inclined at 55° to the HP and 35° to the VP. Draw its projections. [June’09]

3. The end A of a line AB is 35mm above HP and 30mm in front of VP. The line is inclined
at 35° to HP. Its top view is 75mm long inclined at 40° to XY. Draw the projections of
straight line. [Jan’11]

4. A line PQ has its end P, 10 mm above the HP and 20 mm in front of the VP, the end Q is
35 mm in front of the VP. The front view of the line measures 75 mm. The distance between
the end projectors is 50 mm. Draw the projections of the line and find its true length and its
true inclinations. with the VP and HP.[Jan’10]

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5. A line AB 90 mm long is inclined at 45° to the HP and its top view makes an angle of 60°
with the VP. The end A is in the HP and 12 mm in front of the VP. Draw its front view and
find its true inclination with the VP.[Nov’10]

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6. The end P of a line PQ is 30 mm above HP and 35 mm in front of VP. The line is inclined
at 35° to the HP. Its top view is 70 m long and inclined at 40° to the XY. Draw the

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projections of the straight line. Locate the traces. Find the true length and inclination of the
line with VP. [June’11]

7. A straight line AB has its end A, 20mm above HP and 25mm In front of VP. The other end
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B is 60mm above HP and 65mm in front of VP. The distance between ends of the projectors
is 60mm. find the true length and true inclinations of the line with HP and VP. Also mark
traces. [Jan’09]
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8. The plan of a line AB is 80mm long and makes 35° with XY. Its elevation makes 45° with
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XY and line intersects XY at A. find its true length and inclinations to HP and VP. [Jan’10]

9. A line AB 60mm long has its end B, 20mm above HP and 25mm in front of VP. The end A
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is 50mm away from the both reference planes. Draw its projections and find its inclinations
with HP and VP. [Jan’11]

10. The front view of a line AB 90mm long is inclined at 45° to XY line. The front view
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measures 65mm long. Point A is located 15 mm above HP and is in VP. Draw the
projections. [Jan’12]
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11. The top view of a 75mm long line AB measures 65mm while the length of its front view
is 50mm. its one end A is in HP and 12mm in front of the VP. Draw the projections. [Jan’13]
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12. The end P of a line PQ, 70mm long is 15mm above HP and 20mm in front of the VP. Its
plan is inclined at 45° to the VP. Draw the projections. [Jan’13]

13. A line CD, inclined at 25° to the HP, measures 80 mm in top view. The end C is in the
first quadrant and 25 mm and 15 mm from the HP and the VP respectively. The end D is at
equal distances from both the reference planes. Draw the projections; find true length and
true inclinations with the VP. [Jan’09]

14. The projection of a line measures 80 mm in the top view and 70 mm in the front view.
The midpoint of the line is 45 mm in front of VP and 35 mm above HP. One end is 10mm in

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front of VP and nearer to it. The other end is nearer to HP. Draw the projections of the line.
Find the true length and true inclinations. [Jan’10]

15. A straight line ST has its end S, 10 mm in front of the VP and nearer to it. The midpoint
m of the line is 50 mm in front of the VP and 40 mm above HP. The front and top view
measure 90 mm and 120 mm respectively. Draw the projections of the line. Also find its true
length and true inclinations with the HP and the VP [Jan’09]

Projections of Planes

16. A regular pentagon of 30 mm side is resting on one of its edges on HP which is inclined

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at 45° to VP. Its surface is inclined at 30° to HP. Draw its projections. [Jan’09]
17. A regular pentagonal lamina ABCDE of side 30 mm has one of its edges parallel to the
VP and inclined at 30° to the HP. The pentagon is inclined at 45° to the VP. Draw the

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projections. [Jan’09]

18. A rectangular plate of side 50mm x 25mm is resting on its shorter side on HP and

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inclined at 30° to VP. Its surface is inclined at 60° to HP. Draw its projections. [Jan’12]

19. A hexagonal lamina of side 30mm rests on one of its edges on HP. This edge is parallel to
VP. The surface of the lamina is inclined 60° to HP. Draw its projections. [Jan’12]
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20. A square lamina PQRS of side 40 mm rests on the ground on its corner P in such a way
that the diagonal PR is inclined at 45° to the HP and apparently inclined at 30° to the VP.
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Draw its projections. [June’11]

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21. A rectangular plate 70mm x 40 mm has one of its shorter edges in the VP inclined at 40°
to the HP. Draw its top view, if its front view is a square of side 40 mm. [Nov’10]
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22. A pentagon of side 30 mm rests on the ground on one of its comers with the sides
containing the comer being equally inclined to the ground. The side opposite to the comer on
which it rests is inclined at 30° to the VP and is parallel to the HP. The surface of the
pentagon makes 50° with the ground. Draw the top and front views of the pentagon.
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[June’09]

23. A circular plate of diameter 60mm has the end P of the diameter PQ in the HP and the
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plate is inclined at 45° to the HP. Draw its projections when the diameter PQ appears to be
inclined at 60° to the VP in the top view. [Jan’09]
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Unit-3

Projection of Solids

1. A right pentagonal pyramid side of base 30mm and height 60mm rests on one of its base
on HP, the base being lifted up until highest corner in it is 40mm above the HP. Draw the
projection when the edge on which it rests made perpendicular to VP.

2. A cylinder of base diameter 60mm and height 80mm is resting on HP in one of its
generators with its axis inclined at 500 to VP. Draw the projections.

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3. A cone of 30mm diameter and 70mm height rests on the ground on one of its base circle
point such that the apex is 20mm and the nearest base circle point is 50mm in front of VP and
the base is perpendicular to HP. Draw the projections.

4. Draw the projections of a square prism of size 30mm 60mm with a solid diagonal vertical.

5. A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30mm and axis length 60mm is resting on HP o one of
its base corners with the base sides containing the corner equally inclined to HP and its axis is
parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its projections.

6. Draw the projections of a cylinder of diameter 30mm and axis 50mm long lies on HP on

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one of its generators and the base is perpendicular to HP and inclined at 600 to VP.

7. A cone of 15mm radius and 70mm height rests on the ground on one of its base circle

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points such that the apex is 20mm and the nearest base circle point is 50mm in front of VP
and the base is perpendicular to HP. Draw the projections.

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8. A right pentagonal pyramid of base side 20mm and altitude 60mm rests on one of its edges
of the base in HP, the base being tilted up until the highest corner in it is 30mm above HP.
Draw the elevation of the pyramid when the edge on which it rests is made perpendicular to
VP.
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9. A cylinder of diameter 40mm, height 60mm is resting on the ground on its base. It is then
tilted such that a solid diagonal is vertical. Draw the projection.
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10. Draw the projection of a hexagonal prism whose one rectangular face size is 25mm
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65mm resting on HP on one of its base corners such that the other extreme corner is 30mm
above HP with the axis parallel to VP.
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11. A cone of diameter 40mm and height 60mm is freely suspended from one of its base
points such that the axis parallel to VP. Draw the projection.

12. A hexagonal pyramid of base 25mm and axis 60mm long is freely suspended from corner
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of the base. Draw the projections.

13. Draw the projection of a cone of diameter 35mm and height 75mm lying on the ground
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on one of its base points with a generator perpendicular to HP.

14. A hexagonal prism of side of base 25mm and axis 60mm long, freely suspended from a
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corner of the base. Draw the projections by change position method.

15. A cylinder, diameter of base 60mm and height 70mm, having a point of its periphery of
base on HP with axis of the cylinder inclined to HP at 45o and parallel to VP. Draw the
projections of the cylinder.

16. Draw the projections of a pentagonal prism of 30mm base edges and axis 60mm long
when the axis is inclined at 750 to the HP and parallel to the VP with an edge of the base on
the HP.

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17. A right regular hexagonal pyramid, edge of base 25mm and height 50mm, rests on one of
its base edges on HP with its axis parallel to VP. Draw the projections of the pyramid when
its base makes an angle 450 to the HP.

18. A hexagonal prism side of base 25mm and axis 60mm long, lies with one of its
rectangular faces on the HP, such that the axis is inclined at 450 to the VP. Draw its
projections.

19. A pentagonal prism, side of base 25mm and axis 50mm long, rests with one of its shorter
edges on HP such that the base containing the edge makes an angle of 300 to HP and its axis
parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

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20. Draw the projections of a hexagonal prism of base side 20mm and axis length 50mm
when its rests on the ground on one of the edges of the base and axis inclined at 350 to

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ground and parallel to the VP.

21. A square pyramid of base side 30mm and height 50mm rests on the ground on one of its

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base edges such that its axis is inclined at 450 to the ground and parallel to VP. Draw its
projections.

22. A hexagonal prism of the base side 25mm and axis height 55mm resting on HP with one
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of its base edges such that, the axis is inclined at 300 to HP and parallel to VP. Draw the
projections of Prism by using change of reference line method.
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23. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 25mm and axis 55mm long lies with one of its slant
edges on HP such that its axis is parallel to VP. Draw its projections.
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24. A hexagonal prism side of base 25mm and axis 55mm long, lies with one of its
rectangular faces on the HP, such that the axis is inclined at 550 to the VP. Draw its
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projections by using change of reference line method.

Unit-4
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Sections of Solids
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1. A cone of base diameter 70mm and height 80mm is resting on HP on its base. It is cut by a
plane perpendicular to VP and parallel to a contour generator and is 10mm away from it.
Draw the front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section.
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2. A pentagonal prism of base edge 35mm and axis 65mm lies on HP with its base edge
parallel to VP. It is cut by the plane perpendicular to HP and inclined at 300 to VP passes
through a point 8mm away from the axis. Draw the sectional elevation and true shape of the
section.

3. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its base. It is

cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 75° to HP and is passing through the apex
of the cone. Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of section.

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4. A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 .nm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its
base with a side of base parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 45° to VP and
perpendicular to HP and is 12 mm away from the axis. Draw its top view, sectional front
view and true shape of section.

5. A cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm rests on its base on HP. It is cut by a
plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45° to HP. The cutting plane meets the axis at a
distance 15 mm from top to the base. Draw the sectional plan and true shape of section.

6. A cube of 60 mm side has its base edges equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a sectional
plane perpendicular to VP, so that the true shape 0: cut section is a regular hexagon. Locate

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he plane and determine the angle of inclination of the VT with the reference line XY. Draw
the sectional top view.

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7. A square pyramid base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long has its base on H.P and all the
edges of the base are equally inclined to V.P. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to V.P.
and inclined at 45° to H.P. and bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, and the true

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shape of the section.

8. A cone of base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is resting on its base on the H.P. It is
cut by a section plane perpendicular to the V.P. and parallel to and 12 mm away from one of
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its end generators. Draw its front view, sectional top view and true shape of the section.

9. A hexagonal pyramid of base side 25mm and axis 70mm long has the hexagonal end on
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VP, with two edges perpendicular to HP. A section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at
300 to HP, cuts the pyramid at a point 8mm from the axis and above it. Draw the sectional
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top view. Also find true shape of the section.

10. A hexagonal pyramid of base 30mm and axis 70mm lies on HP on its base edge such that
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one of the slant faces is perpendicular to both the planes. Draw the projection. When it is cut
by section plane parallel to HP and a distance 15mm from the apex point.

11. A vertical cylinder 40 mm diameter is cut by a vertical section plane making 30° to VP in
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such a way that the true shape of the section is a rectangle of 25 mm and 60 mm sides.
Draw the projections and true shape of the section.
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Development of surfaces

12. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the lower portion of a cylinder of diameter
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50 mm and axis 70 mm. The solid is cut by a section plane inclined at 40° to H.P. and
perpendicular to VP and passing through the midpoint of the axis.

13. A regular hexagonal pyramid side of base 30 mm and height 60 mm is resting vertically
on its base on H.P. such that two of its sides of the base are perpendicular to V.P. It is cut by
a plane inclined at 40° to H.P. and perpendicular to V.P. The cutting plane bisects the axis of
the pyramid. Obtain the development of the lateral surface of the truncated pyramid.

14. A hexagonal prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on its
base, with two of the vertical faces being parallel to VP. A circular hole of diameter 40 mm is
drilled completely through the prism such that the axis of the hole is perpendicular to VP and

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bisects the axis of the prism. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism
showing the shape of the holes formed on it.

15. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 75 mm rests vertically on its base on the
ground. A string is wound around the curved surface of the cone starting from left extreme
point on the base and ending at the same point. Find the shortest length of the string required.
Also, trace the path of the string in the front and top views.

16. A pentagonal pyramid of base 30 mm side and height 70 mm stands with its base on the
HP. such that one of the base edges is parallel to the VP. It is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 300 to the HP. bisecting the axis. Draw the

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development of the surface of the cut solid.

17. A cylinder of diameter 40 mm and height 50 mm is resting vertically on one of its ends

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on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined at 30° to the HP. The
plane meets the axis at a point 30 mm from the base. Draw the development of the lateral
surface of the lower portion of the truncated cylinder.

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18. A cone of base 60 mm and height 80 mm is resting with its base on HP. An insect starts
from a point on the circumference of the base, goes round the solid and reaches the starting
point in the shortest path. Find the distance travelled by the insect and also the projections of
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the path followed by it.

19. A pentagonal pyramid of-base edge 25 mm and height 60 mm rests vertically on its base
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on the HP such that one of its base edge parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane, inclined at 60° to
HP and passes through a point 35 mm from the apex. Draw the development of the lateral
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surface of the pyramid.

20. A right circular cone, diameter40 mm base and 50 mm height, rests on its base on HP. A
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section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP at 45° cuts the cone bisecting its axis.
Draw projections of the truncated cone and develop its lateral surface.

21. A cube of 40 mm edge stands on one of its faces on HP with a vertical face making 45° to
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VP. A horizontal hole of 30 mm diameter is drilled centrally through the cube such that the
hole passes through the opposite vertical edges of the cube. Draw the development of lateral
surface of the cube with the hole.
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22. A regular hexagonal pyramid side of base 30mm and height 60mm is resting vertically on
its base on HP such that two of its sides of the base are perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a
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plane inclined at 40° to HP and perpendicular to VP. The cutting plane bisects the axis of the
pyramid. Obtain the development of the lateral surface of the truncated
pyramid.

Unit-5

Isometric projection

1. Draw the isometric view of a cylinder of diameter 46 mm and height 60 mm when it is

resting on one of its ends on the HP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to the VP and inclined
at 450 to the HP. The plane passes through a point on the axis located at 15 mm from the top.

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2. Cone of diameter of base 60 mm and height 65 mm rests with its base on H.P. A cutting
plane perpendicular to V.P. and inclined at 30° to H.P. cuts the cone such that it passes
through a point on the axis at a distance of 30 mm above the base of the cone. Draw the
isometric projection of the truncated cone showing the cut surface.

3. Draw the isometric view of a hexagonal pyramid of side of base 30mm and height 75mm,
when it is resting on HP such that an edge of the base is parallel to VP.

4. A pentagonal pyramid, base 30mm and axis 65mm long, rests with its base on HP. An
edge of the base is parallel to VP and nearer to it. A horizontal section plane cuts the pyramid

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and passes through a point on the axis at a distance of 25mm from and apex. Draw the
isometric view of the frustum of the pyramid.

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5. A pentagonal pyramid, 30mm edge of base and 65mm height stands on HP such that an
edge of the base is parallel to VP and nearer to it. A section plane perpendicular to VP and
inclined at 30° to HP cuts the pyramid passing through a point on the axis at a height of 35

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mm from the base. Draw the isometric view of the truncated pyramid. Showing the cut
surface.

6. A hexagonal prism, side of base 25 mm and height 50 mm rests on HP and one of the
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edges of its base is parallel to VP. A section plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45° to
HP. bisects the axis of the prism. Draw the isometric view of the truncated portion of the
prism, clearly showing the cut surface.
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7. A cylinder 50mm diameter and 60mm height stands on HP. A section plane perpendicular
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to VP inclined at 55° to HP cuts the cylinder and passes through a point on the axis at a
height of 40mm above the base. Draw the isometric view of the truncated portion of the
cylinder when the cut surface is clearly visible to the observer.
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8. The frustum of a pentagonal pyramid base 30mm side and top face 15mm side has a
Height of 4Omm. Draw its isometric view.
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9. A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 40 mm has a square hole of side 16 mm
at the centre. The axes of the square and hexagon coincide. One of the faces of the square
hole is parallel to the face of the hexagon. Draw the isometric projection of the prism with
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hole to full scale.

Perspective Projection
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10. A regular hexagonal pyramid of base edge 20 mm and height 35 mm rests on its base on
the ground plane with one of its base edges touching the picture plane. The station point is 30
mm above the ground plane and 40 mm in front of the PP. The central plane is 30 mm to the
right of the axis. Draw the perspective projection of the pyramid.

11. A rectangular prism, sides of base 50x30mm and height 55mm, rests with its base on the
ground plane. A vertical edge is in the picture plane and one of the longer edges of its base is
inclined at 45° to PP and behind it. The station point is 50mm in front of PP, 75mm above the
ground plane and lies in a central plane which passes through the centre of the prism. Draw
the perspective view.

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12. A cylinder 30mm diameter and 40mm long is lying on the ground with its axis
perpendicular to the picture plane. The nearest point of contact with the ground is 60mm on
the left of the station point and 10mm from the PP. The station is 40mm above the ground
and 60mm in front of the PP. draw the perspective view of the cylinder.

13. A square pyramid of the base 20mm and altitude 40mm rests on its base on the ground
such that one of its base sides is parallel to the picture and 10mm in front of it. The station is
50mm in front of the picture plane, 25mm to the left of the axis of the pyramid and 55mm
above the ground. Draw the perspective view of the pyramid.

14. A square prism of base 25x25mm and height 40mm rests on the GP with the edge of the

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base making 45° with PP. The comer nearest to the PP is 25mm to the right of the station
point and 25mm behind the PP. The station is 55mm above the GP and 70mm in front of the
PP. Draw the perspective view of the square prism.

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15. A cube of side 25mm rests on one end of its faces on the ground the nearest vertical edge
being 20mm behind the picture plane and 40mmto the left of the station point. A face

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containing the nearest vertical edge is inclined at 60° to the PP. The station point is 40mm
above the ground and 60mm in front of the PP. Draw the perspective view of the cube.

16. A rectangular pyramid, base 30 mm x 20 mm and axis 35 mm long, is placed on the

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ground plane on its base, with the longer edge of the base parallel to and 30 mm behind the
picture plane. The central plane is30 mm to the left of the apex and station point is 50 mm in
front of the picture plane and 25 mm above the ground plane. Draw the perspective view of
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the pyramid.
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17. A square prism of base 25 x 25 mm and height 40 mm is resting on the GP on its square
base with a right side rectangular face making 60° with Picture Plane. The corner nearest to
the PP is 40 mm to the left of the station point and 20 mm behind the PP. The station point is
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60 mm above the GP and 50 mm in front of the PP. Draw the perspective view of the prism
by using Visual Ray Method.
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