MASTER OF ARTS

(ECONOMICS)

PROGRAMME GUIDE

Please keep this Programme Guide safely till you complete

the Programme. You will need to consult it while working on
the Programme.

School of Social Sciences

Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi- 110068
 Printed material is our backbone which is prepared by teams of experts keeping in
view the interest of the learner group. Nationally and internationally distinguished
academics and professionals prepare the Programme outline. The course material
is developed and presented in such a manner that the students can study it by
themselves. Further, many of the relevant textbooks and reference books are
available in the libraries attached to the Study Centres and Regional Centres.
The students are advised to (i) study the printed materials supplied by IGNOU
seriously, (ii) consult the suggested readings, (iii) watch the audio/video
programmes prepared by IGNOU, (iv) participate in the academic counselling
sessions and teleconference sessions in the Study Centres and (v) submit the
assignments in time in order to complete the programme successfully.

Important Information
“The University sends study materials to the students by registered post and if a student does not receive the
same for any reason whatsoever, the University shall not be held responsible for that.”
“In case you want to have access to IGNOU course materials in electronic form you may visit the website –
www.egyankosh.ac.in .”
“Assignments are uploaded online on the University’s website. Students are advised to download it from the
IGNOU website – www.ignou.ac.in.”
“The students are specifically instructed to submit the Examination Forms through online mode ONLY and
as suggested under Section 7.2. Students are also advised to submit the Registration/Re-registration Forms
through online mode ONLY and with late fee as per instructions given under Section 4. If any student sends
the Registration/Re-registration Forms, Examination Forms at wrong places and thereby misses the scheduled
date and consequently a semester/year, he/she will have no claim on the University for regularization.”

Regional Centres and Study Centres

“A Complete list of Regional Centres of the University, their jurisdiction and Study Centres/Learner Support
Centres for M.A. Economics is given at our website. Please visit the website to check them
(www.ignou.ac.in)

Print Production
Sh. Tilak Raj
MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi

April, 2022 (Revised)

© Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other
means, without permission in writing from the copyright holder.
Further information on the Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained from the
University’s office at Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110 068 or the official website of IGNOU at
www.ignou.ac.in
Printed and published on behalf of Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi by Director,
SOSS, IGNOU.
Laser Composed by: Tessa Media & Computers, C-206, A.F.E-II, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi
Printed at:
 CONTENTS

Page No.
1. THE UNIVERSITY 4

2. THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 5

3. MA (ECONOMICS) PROGRAMME STRUCTURE 5

4. SCHEME OF STUDY 7

5. FEE STRUCTURE AND SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT 8

6. INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM 9
6.1 Print Material 9
6.2 Counselling 10
6.3 Study Centre 11

7. EVALUATION 11
7.1 Assignments 12
7.2 Term End Examinations 14

8. OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION 17

9. DETAILS OF MA (ECONOMICS) COURSES 22

10. SOME FORMS FOR YOUR USE 41

11 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs) 59

1. THE UNIVERSITY
The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) was established in 1985 through an Act
of Parliament to achieve the following objectives:
 democratizing higher education by taking it to the doorstep of the learners
 providing access to quality education to all those who seek it irrespective of age, region,
religion and gender
 offering need-based academic programmes by giving professional and vocational orientation
to the courses
 promoting and developing distance education in India
 setting and maintaining standards in distance education in the country as an apex body.
The University began by offering two academic programmes in 1987, viz., Diploma in
Management and Diploma in Distance education, with a strength of 4528 students. Today, it
serves the educational aspirations of over 2.6 million students in India and 36 other countries
through a network of 21 schools of studies and a network of 61 Regional Centres, about 3000
learner support centres and about 60 overseas centres. The University offers about 350 certificate,
diploma, degree and doctoral programmes, with strength of around 420 faculty members and
academic staff at headquarters and regional centres and about 36000 academic counsellors
from conventional institutions of higher learning, professional organizations, and industry
among others.

Prominent Features
IGNOU has certain unique features such as:
 international jurisdiction
 flexible admission rules
 individualized study: flexibility in terms of place, pace and duration of study
 use of latest information and communication technologies
 nationwide student support services network
 cost effective programmes
 resource sharing, collaboration and networking with conventional universities, open
universities and other institutions/organizations
 socially and academically relevant programmes based on students need analysis
 convergence of open and conventional education systems

Important Achievements
 Emergence of IGNOU as the largest Open University in the world
 Recognition as Centre of Excellence in Distance Education by the Commonwealth of
Learning(1993)
 Award of Excellence for distance education materials by Commonwealth of Learning (1999)
 Launch of a series of 24-hour Educational TV Channels ‘Gyan Darshan’. IGNOU is the
nodal agency for these channels and regular transmissions are done from the studio at EMPC,
 IGNOU
 Launch of ‘EDUSAT’ videoconferencing channel
 Launch of ‘Gyan Vani’ and other dedicated educational FM channels

2. THE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

All academic programmes and courses are developed by the 21 Schools of Studies of the
University. School of Social Sciences is the biggest school in terms of the number of disciplines,
courses offered and faculty strength. The School enfolds eight disciplines, viz., Anthropology,
Economics, History, Library and Information Science, Political Science, Public Administration,
Psychology and Sociology. It offers a large number of academic, professional and socially relevant
programmes of study for award of Ph.D. Degrees, M.Phil. Degrees, Master’s Degrees, Bachelor’s
Degrees, Post-Graduate Diplomas, Diplomas and Certificates.

Economics Faculty offers Ph.D. programme in Economics, M. Phil. in Economics, M. A. in

Economics, and Bachelor’s Degree.

3. MA (ECONOMICS) PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

The MA (Economics) programme offers an opportunity to learners for higher studies in
Economics. Besides offering the core courses available in other universities, it includes themes
in some of the emerging areas in economics such as insurance, finance and public policy that are
expected to be extremely useful in the present scenario of economic liberalization and
globalisation. In addition, the MA (Economics) programme provides scope for inter-disciplinary
studies by adopting courses such as Public Policy and E-Governance.

Eligibility
In keeping with the policy of ‘openness’ and ‘flexibility’, admission to MA (Economics) is open
to those having a Bachelor’s degree from any recognized university in any discipline including
those who have not studied Economics at the graduate level. There is no entrance test for seeking
admission into the programme. There is no age bar for admission.

Some of the courses require an understanding of mathematical applications, particularly calculus

and linear algebra. Therefore, students are expected to be conversant with basic mathematics
covered at +2 level.

Master’s degree awarded without a first degree is not recognized for purposes of admission to
IGNOU’s academic programmes.

Duration
The MA (Economics) programme can be completed in a minimum of two years and a maximum
of five years duration.

Medium of Instruction
The MA (Economics) programme is offered in both English and Hindi. The student has to opt
for a particular medium of study while applying for admission into the programme.
Credits
The University follows the credit system for most of its programmes including MA (Economics).
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 Each credit in our system is equivalent to 30 hours of student study comprising all learning
activities (i.e., reading and comprehending print material, listening to audio-based materials,
watching video-based materials, attending counselling sessions, teleconference and writing
assignment responses). For obtaining MA (Economics) degree a student has to successfully
complete courses worth 66 credits.

Structure of the Programme

The Programme comprises 66 Credits covered through 11 Courses. A learner is required to
complete 9 compulsory and 2 optional courses. In the first year there are five compulsory
courses. In the second year a learner has to take four compulsory and two optional courses.
The details of the courses are given below.
Sl. Course Title of the Course Type of course Credits Number of
No Code compulsory/ Blocks
optional
First Year Courses
1. MEC-101 Microeconomic Analysis Compulsory 6 7
2. MEC–002 Macroeconomic Analysis Compulsory 6 7
3. MEC–103 Quantitative Methods Compulsory 6 6
forEconomic Analysis
4. MEC–004 Economics of Growth Compulsory 6 6
andDevelopment
5. MEC–205 Indian Economic Policy Compulsory 6 6
Second Year Courses
6. MEC–106 Public Economics Compulsory 6 5
7. MEC-007 International Trade and Finance Compulsory 6 6
8. MEC–108 Economics of Social Sector Compulsory 6 6
andEnvironment
9. MEC–109 Research Methods in Economics Compulsory 6 5
10. MECE–001 Econometric Methods Optional 6 5
11. MECE–103* Actuarial Economics: Theory Optional 6 7
andPractice
12. MECE–004 Financial Institutions and Markets Optional 6 5
13. MECP- 101 Project Work Optional 6 Project Guide
14. MGSE-009 Gender Issues in Work Optional 4 3
Employment and Productivity
15. MWG-011 Women in the Economy Optional 8 6
16. MEDSE-046 Development: Issues Optional 8 5
andPerspectives
* MECE 103 replaces MECE 003 respectively w.e.f. July 2022.
Two of the optional courses, viz., MECE-001: Econometric Methods, and MECE-003: Actuarial
Economics: Theory and Practice are quite mathematical in nature. Please note that if you opt
for any one of the two electives viz., MWG-11: Women in the Economy and MEDSE-046
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Gender Issues in Work, Employment and Productivity, you have to also necessarily opt for
the 4-credit elective MGSE-009. This ensures that from the two electives opted together you
are clearing 12 credits.

Course Preparation
Learning material is specially prepared by teams of experts drawn from different universities
and institutions in the area throughout the country as well as the in-house faculty. The outline of
a course is finalised by the Expert Committee while the print material is written by course
writers. Before final printing, the materials undergo several rounds of scrutiny by course
coordinators and editors. Audio and video programmes are produced in consultation with subject
experts, in-house faculty and producers. The audio-video materials are previewed and reviewed
by the faculty as well as outside experts before they are dispatched for broadcast/telecast.

Programme Delivery
The methodology of instruction in IGNOU is different from that of conventional universities.
The Open University system is more learner-oriented and the learner is an active participant in
the teaching and learning process. Most of the instructions are imparted through distance education
methodology and for counselling face-to-face mode is adopted as per requirement. The
University follows a multi-media approach for instruction comprising self-instructional print
material, audio-visual material, counselling sessions, teleconferences and assignments.

4. SCHEME OF STUDY
The university reserves the right to change the rules from time to time. However, latest rules will
be applicable to all the students irrespective of year of registration. The Programme is offered
twice a year, in January and July.

Dispatch of Study Material

For MA (Economics) programme all the study material will be despatched in two instalments.
The first instalment will be made within 4 weeks of the last date of admission and the second
dispatch will be made by November/December (for July admission cycle) or by May/June (for
January admission cycle). For Assignments and Programme Guide you must visit eGyankosh
in our website. You must download these and keep them handy for consultation easily. If you
do not get material in time or receive defective material write to the ‘Regional Director’ of
your Regional Centre.

Decide Your Time Schedule

The University offers flexibility and openness in the courses and duration for the completion of
programmes. You should take full advantage of this flexibility. As indicated earlier you can
finish this programme in two years if you clear 66 credits. If you are not able to complete it
within this period you can take a maximum of five years to complete it. It would be better if you
plan it in a systematic way. Within two years you will receive study materials and assignments
according to scheme of study but it is up to you to decide which courses you will complete in a
particular year. Completion of a course would involve studying the course, completing the
assignments and appearing in Term End Examination (TEE).
You will have to devote approximately 180 hours of study to complete a six-credit course. For
the five courses of 6 credits each in the first year you need to put in about 900 study hours. You

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have to adjust your reading schedule keeping this workload in view. For example, if you could
study for 300 days in a year, you need to put in on an average 3 hours per day. It is helpful to
study consistently throughout the year rather than two or three months before the examinations.

If you are busy elsewhere and not able to fully devote yourself to the programme you should fix
your targets every year. If you feel that instead of 30 credits you would do only 24 or 18 credits
plan it from the beginning of the year, study only these courses, do the assignments for them and
appear for TEE. Carry over the rest to next year. Next year, again decide your goals. Whenever
you decide to do the previous year’s courses, always download and submit fresh assignments
uploaded on the website. Submit them according to the schedule and appear in the TEE.
Through a proper planning, you can finish this programme according to your convenience.

5. FEE STRUCTURE AND SCHEDULE OF PAYMENT

The programme fee is Rs.14600/- to be paid in two instalments. The fee for the first year (Rs.
7400) should be paid in lump sum along with the filled in application form for admission. In the
second year the fee (Rs. 7200/-) is to be paid as per schedule without waiting for any
communication from the University.
Year Amount When and How to Pay Where to Submit
1st Rs.7400/- Along with the admission form For online submission, for
2nd Rs. 7200/- July admission cycle – 1st February Latest information, see
to 31st March website: www.ignou.ac.in
January admission cycle –
1st August to 30th September
To be submitted along with
prescribed Re-registration form

The University can revise the programme fee. The revised fee shall be payable by you as per
schedule of payment notified by the university.

The programme fee should be paid only by means of Debit Card/Credit Card through online
mode only.

Timely payment of programme fees is the responsibility of the student. Students are expected to
remit fee as early as possible without waiting for the last date.

Registration in 2nd year

After the 1st year, whether you pass/attempt the first-year examination or not, you can seek
admission for the 2nd year by submitting the programme registration form with requisite
programme fee within the re-registration schedule as notified by the university. At present 2 nd
year registration is to be done between 1st Feb to 31st March for July Session and 1st August to
30th September for January Session. With late fee registration can be done as per following
scheme:

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Sl.No July Session January Session Late Fee
(Rs.)

1. 1st April to 30th April 3rd October to 31st October 200

2. 1st May to 31st May 1st November to 30th November 500

3. 1st June to 20th June 1st December to 20th December 1000

(Re-registration form is to be submitted through online mode only.)

Note: Even if the university does not send any communication for re-registration in 2 nd
year, you are advised to visit our website www.ignou.ac.in during the relevant months
as mentioned above to seek registration.

6. INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM
The methodology of instruction in this University is different from that in the conventional
universities. The Open University System is more learner-oriented in which the student is an
active participant in the teaching-learning process. Most of the instruction is imparted through
distance rather than face-to-face communication.
The University follows a multi-media approach for instruction. It comprises,
 self-instructional print material
 audio and video cassettes
 audio-video programmes transmitted through Television and Radio
 teleconferencing session
 face-to-face counselling at Study Centres by Academic Counsellors
 assignments

6.1 Print Material

Print material is the primary form of instructions. You should concentrate mainly on the printed
materials that we send you periodically. The printed material would be sufficient to write
assignment responses and prepare for the TEE.

How to use Print Material

The print material prepared by the University is self-instructional in nature. Each course has
been divided into a number of Blocks, generally 6-7 Blocks for a 6 credit course. Each Block
consists of a number of Units. Normally, all the Units covered in one Block have a thematic
unity. The first page of each Block indicates the contents of each Block, i.e., the number and
titles of the Units covered in that Block. This is followed by a brief introduction to the Block.
The Block introduction expains the coverage of the Block as a whole as well as the coverage of
each Unit in that Block. In the first Block of every course, we have a course introduction,
which would give you an idea about the main thrust and contents of the course.
Each Unit is structured in a way that facilitates self-study for you. Each Unit begins with
Objectives which will provide you an idea on what you are expected to learn from the Unit. The
9
Introduction provides an overview of the major theme of the unit. An attempt is made to forge
a link with the topics of the previous Units and the topic to be covered in the present Unit. This
is followed by the main text, which is divided, into various sections and sub-sections.

The section Let Us Sum Up gives a brief account what has been discussed in the whole Unit.
This summary enables you to recall the main points covered in the Unit. To facilitate
comprehension, important words/terms covered in the Unit are explained in the section Key
Words. Some books for additional reading are suggested in the section Some Useful Books.
Some of these books would be available in the Study Centre. The Check Your Progress exercises
given in the end of a section are intended to give you an idea about the nature of questions that
may be asked in the TEE. Questions in Check Your Progress are for your practice only, and
you should not submit answers to these questions to the University for assessment.

Read the Units carefully and note down the important points. You can use the space in the
margin of the printed pages for making notes and writing your comments. While reading the
Units you may mark the difficult words and look for the meaning of such words under the
section Key Words or in a dictionary. If you still do not understand something, consult your
counsellor during the face-to-face sessions at the Study Centre for clarification.

6.2 Counselling
In distance education, face-to-face contact between the learners and their tutors/counsellors is
an important activity. The purpose of such an interaction is to answer some of your questions
and clarify your doubts, which may not be possible through any other means of communication.
It is also intended to provide you an opportunity to meet fellow students. There are experienced
academic counsellors at the Study Centres to provide counselling and guidance to you in the
courses that you have chosen for study. The counselling sessions for each of the courses will be
held at suitable intervals throughout the academic session. Attendance in the counselling sessions
is not compulsory. However, they may be useful in certain respects such as: to share your views
on the subject with teachers and fellow students, comprehend some of the complex ideas or
difficult issues, and get clarifications for many doubts which you would not otherwise try to
raise.

Face-to-face counselling will be provided to you at the Study Centre assigned to you. You should
note that the counselling sessions will be very different from the usual classroom teaching or
lectures. Counsellors will not be delivering lectures or speeches. They will try to help you to
overcome difficulties, which you face while studying for this programme. In these sessions you
must look into the subject-based difficulties and any other issues arising out of such difficulties.
Besides, some of the audio and videocassettes that are available at that time will be played in the
counselling sessions. For a 6-credit course there will be counselling of 18 hours duration. In
case there are less than 10 students in a Study Centre, then intensive counselling sessions will be
held which essentially means that 40 per cent of the prescribed counselling sessions are to be
conducted within a week’s time.
Before you go to attend the counselling sessions, please go through your course material
and note down the points to be discussed. Unless you have gone through the Units, there may
not be much to discuss. Try to concentrate on relevant and important issues. Try also to understand
each other’s points of view. You may also establish personal contact with your fellow participants
to get mutual help for academic purposes. Try to get the maximum possible help from your
counsellors.
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6.3 Study Centre
To provide effective student support, we have set up a number of Study Centres all over the
country. You will be allotted one of these Study Centres taking into consideration your place of
residence or work. However, each Study Centre can handle only a limited number of students
and despite our best efforts, it may not always be possible to allot the Study Centre of your
choice. The particulars regarding the Study Centre to which you are assigned will be communicated
to you. The list of Study Centres activated for MA (Economics) please visit IGNOU's website
www.ignou.ac.in

Depending upon low enrolment in a Study Centre, or due to other operational reasons, the
University may de-activate a Study Centre and the students of the de-activated Study Centre will
be attached to another Centre. The concerned Regional Centre will inform the concerned students
about the change after admissions are finalized.

A Study Centre will have six major functions:

1) Counselling: Face-to-face counselling for the courses will be provided at the Study Centres.
The detailed programme of the counselling sessions will be sent to you by the Coordinator
of your Study Centre.
2) Evaluation of Assignments: Tutor marked assignments (TMAs) will be evaluated by the
Academic Counsellors appointed for different courses at the Study Centre. These assignments
will be returned to you with tutor comments and marks obtained. These comments will
help you in your studies.
3) Library: For each course some of the books suggested under ‘Some Useful Books’ will be
available in the Study Centre Library. Audio and video programmes developed for MA
(Economics) are also available in the Study Centre library.
4) Information and Advice: At the Study Centre you get relevant information regarding the
courses offered by the University, counselling schedules, examination schedule, etc. You
will also get guidance in choosing your optional courses.
5) Audio-Video Facilities: The Centres are equipped with audio-video facilities to help you
make use of the audio and videocassettes prepared for different courses. Media notes of
these audio-video programmes will also be available at the Study Centre. This will help you
to know the contents of each programme.
6) Interaction with Fellow-Students: In the Study Centre you get an opportunity to interact
with fellow students.
Please bring all your Units and your folder of corrected assignments with you when you come to
the counselling session.

7. EVALUATION
The evaluation consists of two parts in theory courses: i) continuous evaluation through
assignments, and ii) Term End Examination (TEE). In the final result all the assignments of a
course carry 30 per cent weightage while 70 per cent weightage is given for TEE. For the course
MECP-001: Project Report, which requires submission of a project report, there are no continuous
11
evaluation and TEE. Evaluation for MECP-001 is on the basis of Project Report and viva-voce
examination on the project report submitted.

Evaluation in MA (Economics) will be done under numerical marking scheme. The following is
the scheme of awarding divisions:
I Division - 60 per cent and above
II Division - 50 per cent to 59.9 per cent
Pass - 40 per cent to 49.9 per cent
Unsuccessful - Below 40 per cent
In order to complete a course successfully you are required to score at least 40 per cent marks in
continuous evaluation (assignments) and at least 40 per cent in TEE. Overall score in a course is
the total of the scores in assignment and TEE. The division with which you pass the MA
(Economics) programme is decided on the basis of combined percentage of marks obtained in
all the courses.

Students can take TEE for first year courses after completion of study of one year for the concerned
courses. For example, students enrolled in July 2008 can take their TEE for first year courses in
June 2009 or thereafter. Similarly, TEE for second year courses can be taken only after completion
of one year of study in the second year. In case a student fails to qualify in a course s/he is
allowed to take that course in any of the subsequent TEEs. Students have to successfully complete
all the courses within 5 years of registration.

7.1 Assignments
Assignments constitute the continuous evaluation. Submission of assignments is compulsory.
The marks that you get in your assignments will be counted in your final result. As assignments
carry 30 per cent weightage in your final score in the course you are advised to take your
assignments seriously. A simple omission on your part may cause loss to you and inconvenience
at all levels in the University.

The main purpose of assignments is to test your comprehension of the learning materials you
receive from us and also to help you get through the courses. The evaluators/ counsellors will
send back the evaluated assignments with their comments. Do not forget to get back your
evaluated TMAs along with a copy of the assessment sheet containing comments of the evaluator
on your performance. The comments will surely guide you in your study and help in
improving your comprehension and performance in the TEE.

The print materials should be sufficient for answering the assignments. At postgraduate level it
is expected that you will consult other prescribed books also. You need not however worry too
much about the non-availability of extra reading materials for working on the assignments. The
assignments are designed in such a way as to help you concentrate mainly on the print materials
and your analytical capabilities.

There is one TMA for each course. You have to submit the completed assignments before the
deadline specified in the booklet of assignments. The assignments should be submitted to the
Coordinator of your Study Centre. You will not be allowed to appear for the TEE for a course if
you do not submit the specified number ofassignments in time for that course. If you appear in
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TEE without submitting the assignments,the result of TEE would be liable to be cancelled.

The University/Coordinator of the Study Centre has the right not to entertain or reject the
assignments submitted after the due date. You are, therefore, advised to submit the assignments
before the due date.

For your own record, retain a copy of all the assignment responses which you submit to the
Coordinator in the Study Centre. Also maintain an account of the evaluated assignment
responses. This will help you to represent your case to the University in case any problem
arises.

If you do not get pass grade (40 per cent) in the assignment of any course, you have to submit a
fresh assignment (meant for the next academic session) for that course. You cannot re-submit
the answers to the old assignment. To get fresh assignments you should contact your Study
Centre/Regional Centre or download the assignments from IGNOU website
www.ignou.ac.in. Once you get the pass grade in an assignment, you cannot re-submit it for
improvement of grade. Assignments are not subject to re-evaluation except for factual errors, if
any, committed by the evaluator. The discrepancy noticed by you in the evaluated assignments
should be brought to the notice of the Coordinator of the Study Centre, so that the correct score
is forwarded by him/her to the Student Evaluation Division (SED) at the University
Headquarters. Score communicated by the Study Centre through any mode other than the
award list will not be acceptable to the University for maintenance of student records.

Do not enclose any other request or complaint along with the assignment responses. Send your
requests/complaints separately to concerned Divisions/School.
1) Write your Enrolment Number, Name, Full Address, Signature and Date on the top right
hand corner of the first page of your assignment response sheet.
2) Write the Programme Title, Course Code, Course Title, Assignment Code and Name of
your Study Centre on the left-hand corner of the first page of your response sheet.
Course Code and Assignment Code may be reproduced from the assignment booklet.
The top of the first page of your response sheet should look like this:

ENROLMENT NO: ————————

PROGRAMME TITLE: ———————— NAME: —————————————
COURSE CODE: ——————————— ADDRESS:———————————
COURSE TITLE: ——————————— —————————————
ASSIGNMENT CODE: ————————- SIGNATURE: ——————————
STUDY CENTRE: ——————————— DATE: —————————————
3) Read the assignments carefully and follow the specific instructions, if any given on the
assignment itself about the subject matter or its presentation.
4) Go through the Units on which assignments are based. Make some points regarding the
question and then rearrange those points in a logical order and draw up a rough outline of
your answer. While answering an essay type question give adequate attention to introduction
and conclusion. The introduction must offer your brief interpretation of the question and
how you propose to develop it. The conclusion must summarise your response to the question.
13
 Make sure that the answer is logical and coherent, and has clear connections between
sentences and paragraphs. The answer should be relevant to the question given in the
assignment. Make sure that you have attempted all the main points of the question. Once
you are satisfied with your answer, write down the final version neatly and underline the
points you wish to emphasize.
5) Use only foolscap size paper for your response and tie all the pages carefully. Avoid using
very thin paper. Allow approximately 4 cm margin on the left and at least 4 lines in between
each answer. This may facilitate the evaluator to write useful comments in the margin at
appropriate places.
6) Write the responses in your own hand and in your own words. Do not print or type
the answers. Do not copy your answers from the Units/Blocks sent to you by the
University or any other book. If you copy, you will be awarded zero.
7) Do not copy from the response sheets of other students. If copying is noticed, the
assignments of such students will be rejected.
8) Write each assignment separately. All the assignments should not be written in continuity.
9) Write the question number with each answer.
10) The completed assignment should be sent to the Coordinator of the Study Centre allotted to
you. Under any circumstances do not send the TMA response sheets to the Student
Registration and Evaluation Division at University’s Head Quarters for evaluation.
11) After submitting the assignment at the Study Centre get the acknowledgement from the
Coordinator on the prescribed assignment remittance-cum-acknowledgement card.
12) In case you have requested for a change of Study Centre, you should submit your TMAs
only to the original Study Centre until the change of Study Centre is notified by the University.
13) If you find that there is any factual error in evaluation of your assignments, e.g., any portion
of assignment response has not been evaluated or total of score recorded on assignment
response is incorrect you should approach the Coordinator of your Study Centre for correction
and transmission of correct score to headquarters.

7.2 Term End Examinations

The University conducts TEE twice a year in the months of June and December. Students will
be permitted to appear in TEE subject to the condition that registration for the courses in which
they wish to appear is valid. Maximum time to pursue the programme is not elapsed and they
have submitted the required number of assignment(s) in those courses bythe due date.
Examination Date Sheet
Examination date sheets (Schedule which indicates the date and time of examination for each
course) are notified through IGNOU website– www.ignou.ac.in from time to time. Thus, normally,
the date sheet for June examination is available in April and for December examination in the
month of September. You are advised to see whether there is any clash in the examination dates
of the courses you wish to take i.e. examination of any two courses you wish to take are scheduled
on the same day at the same time. If there is any clash, you are advised to choose one of them in
that examination and the other course in the next examination (i.e., June or December as the
case may be).
14
Online Submission of Examination Form
It is an essential pre-requisite for you to submit the Examination Form for taking examination in
any course. Examination Form is available online at IGNOU website. Only one form is to be
submitted for all the courses in one term-end examination. You need to pay separate fee for
the examinations.
A fee of `120/- per course is charged as examination fee. If result of the previous examination
is not declared the fee for that course can be exempted while filling the form for the next exam.
The detailed guidelines are available at IGNOU website www.ignou.ac.in. There is a separate
latefee if forms are submitted after due date.
Keeping the interest of the students, University has approved the acceptance of the examination
forms from the students through online mode only. The details are given below.
Description June TEE December TEE Online submission

Without late fee Up to 30th April Up to 31st October Online submission

For Latest information see
website: www.ignou.ac.in

Late fee of 1sr May to 10th May 1sr November to Online submission
Rs. 1000/- 10th November

For update and recent notification kindly visit University’s website: www.ignou.ac.in

The examination forms with the requisite late fee shall be submitted by the students from
1st May to 10th May for June TEE and 1st November to 10th November for December TEE
through online mode only. The examination fee should be paid by students through
Debit/Credit Card only. Only one form is to be submitted for all the courses a student plans to
take in a TEE. To avoid discrepancies in filling up examination forms/hardship in appearing
in the TEE students are advised to:
1. remain in touch with their Study Centre/ Regional Centre/ SED for change in schedule of
submission of examination form
2. fill up examination form for next TEE without waiting for the result of the previous TEE
and also filling up for courses, for which result is awaited
3. fill up all the particulars carefully and properly in the examination form to avoid rejection
/delay in processing of the form
4. retain proof of mailing/submission of examination form till Hall Ticket is received
Examination Forms received after due dates or without late fee, wherever applicable, shall be
rejected.
Issue of Examination Hall Ticket
The University issues Hall Ticket to the students at least two weeks before the commencement
of the TEE. Hall Ticket can also be downloaded from the University’s website:
www.ignou.ac.in. In case a student fails to receive Examination Hall Ticket one week before
the commencement of examination s/he can download it from the website and approach the
Examination Centre forappearing in the examination.

Every student must bring his/her identity card for appearing in the TEE along with the Hall
Ticket. Students will be allowed to appear in TEE for those courses only for which registration
is valid and prescribed minimum duration of study is completed.
15
Declaration of Result
It is your duty to check whether you are registered for a course and whether you are eligible to
appear for that examination. If you neglect this and take the examination without being eligible
for it, your result will be cancelled.

All efforts are made to declare the results well before the deadline for submission of Examination
Form for the next TEE. In case result for a course is not declared you should fill the Examination
Form for that course without Examination Fee. In case you appear in the course in the TEE, you
have to send demand draft (drawn in favour of IGNOU, New Delhi) of requisite amount to
Registrar, Student Evaluation Division, New Delhi failing which your result of that course will
not be declared.

Early Declaration of Result

In order to facilitate the students who have got admission offer for higher studies or got selected
for employment, etc. and are required to produce statement of marks/grade cards by a specified
date, the university has a provision for for the early processing of the answer scripts and declaration of
result. Such students are required to apply in prescribed form given in the Programme Guide
along with i) fee of Rs.1000/- per course through demand draft drawn in favour of IGNOU and
payable at New Delhi, and ii) attested photocopy of the admission/employment offer. They can
submit their request for early declaration of result before the commencement of TEE, that is,
before June 1st or December 1st for June and December TEE respectively. The University in such
cases will make arrangement for early processing of answer scripts and declare result as a
special case possibly within a month’s time from the conduct of examination.

Re-Evaluation of Examination Scripts

Students who are not satisfied with the marks/grade awarded to them in TEE may apply in
prescribed form for re-evaluation before 31st March for the result of December TEE and 30th
September for result of June TEE or within one month from the date of declaration of results,
i.e., the date on which results are made available on the University website on payment of Rs.
750/- per course through demand draft drawn in favour of IGNOU and payable at New Delhi.
The better of the two scores of original marks/grade and marks/grade after re-evaluation will be
considered and updated in student’s record.

Re-evaluation is permissible in TEE only and not in practical, project report, workshop,
assignment, seminar, etc. A sample application form with rules and regulations for this purpose
is enclosed in the Programme Guide and also made available at the University’s website
www.ignou.ac.in.
Improvement in Division/Class
Students of Bachelor/Master degree programme who have completed the programme and wish
to improve their Division / Class may do so by appearing in TEE. The eligibility is as under:
a) Students of Bachelor / Master degree programme, who fall short of less than 2% marks to
secure 2nd and 1st division
b) The students of Master degree programmes only who fall short of less than 2%marks to
secure overall 55% marks.
Students may apply in the prescribed form from 1st to 30th April for June TEE and from 1st to 31st
October for December TEE along with fee of Rs. 750/- per course by means of demand draft
16
drawn in favour of IGNOU and payable at New Delhi.

Improvement is permissible in TEE only and not in Practicals /Lab courses, Project, Workshop,
Assignment, Seminar, etc.

Students wishing to improve their marks will have to apply within six month from the date of
issue of final statement of marks/grade card to them, subject to the condition that their registration
for the programme/course being applied for improvement, is valid till the next TEE in which
they wish to appear for improvement. Rules and regulations in detail for this purpose are available
on University’s website www.ignou.ac.in.

Educational Qualifications Awarded by Private Institutions

Any educational qualification awarded by the Private Universities established under the provisions
of the ‘Chhatisgarh Niji Kshetra Vishwavidyalaya (Sathapane Aur Viniyaman) Adhiniyam 2002’
are non-existent and cannot be made the basis of admission to higher studies with IGNOU.

Study Centre is the contact point for you. The University cannot send all the communication to
all the students individually. All the important communications are sent to the Coordinators of
the Study Centres and Regional Directors. The Coordinators would display a copy of such
important circular/notification on the notice board of the Study Centre for the benefit of all the
Students. You are, therefore, advised to get in touch with your Study Centre for day-to-day
information about assignments, submission of examination forms, TEE date-sheet, declaration
of result, etc. Many of the information are also placed on the IGNOU website. You may visit the
IGNOU website from time to time.

While communicating with the University, please clearly write your enrolment number and
complete address. In the absence of such details, we will not be able to attend to your problems.

8. OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION

IGNOU Website
IGNOU website www.ignou.ac.in contains a lot of useful information which are updated from
time to time. There is a separate section called Student Zone where you can find assignments,
past year question papers, and other useful information. You should visit the website periodically.
Scholarships and Reimbursement of Fees
Reserved categories, viz., Schedule Caste (SC)/ Schedule Tribe (ST) and physically handicapped
students, have to pay the fees at the time of admission to the University along with other students.

Physically Handicapped students admitted to IGNOU are eligible for Government of India
scholarships. They are advised to collect the scholarship forms from the Directorate of Social
Welfare or Office of the Social Welfare Officer of the concerned State Government and submit
the filled-in forms to them through the concerned Regional Director of IGNOU.

Similarly for reimbursement of programme fees SC/ST students have to submit their forms to
the Directorate of the Social Welfare or Office of the Social Welfare Officer of the respective
State Government through the concerned Regional Director of IGNOU.

Change of Courses, Programme and Medium of Instruction

17
Change of optional courses is permitted within 30 days of receipt of course material on payment
of Rs. 1200/- for 6-8 credit courses and Rs. 600/- for 4 credit courses.

Change of Programme (from MEC to MEG/ MHD/ MPS/ MAH/ MPA/ MSO/ MARD/ MCOM
or vice versa) only in the first year of study. The student has to pay the full fee for the new
programme. The fee paid for admission into the earlier programme (MEC) shall be forfeited.

Change of Medium (from English to Hindi or vice versa) is permitted within 30 days of receipt
of first set of course material in the first year on payment of Rs 350/- plus Rs. 600/- for each 2/
4 credit course or Rs. 1200/- for each 6-8 credit course, as the case may be.

For change of course/programme/medium you should send your request in the prescribed form
(given in this programme guide) to the concerned Regional Director along with the demand
draft towards requisite fee. For change of optional course/ medium of instruction you are required
to return the study material already received by you to the Regional Director of your Regional
Centre by registered post or in person. In the case of change of programme since the fee is
forfeited you are not required to return the study material.

Change or Correction of Address

You can request for change/correction of address by applying in the prescribed form (copy given
at the end of this Programme Guide). The form can also be downloaded from IGNOU website.
You are required to send the filled in form to the Regional Director of your region, who will
forward it to the Registrar, Student Registration Division (SRD) after verification of your signature.
Request for change of address received through e-mail will not be entertained.

You are advised not to write letters to any other official in the University in this regard. Normally,
it takes four to six weeks to effect the change. Therefore, you are advised to make your own
arrangements to redirect the mail to the changed address during this period.

Change of Study Centre

If you desire to change your Study Centre you are required to fill in the proforma meant for
change of Study Centre and send it to your Regional Centre. The Regional Director will forward
it to the SRD after verifying your signature. You are required to opt only for such Study Centres
which are activated for the programme (list of activated Study Centres is available at IGNOU
website and at your Regional Centre). As far as possible, the University will allot the Study
Centre opted by the candidate. However, the University may change the Study Centre at its
convenience without concurrence of the student at any time.

Counselling facilities for a programme may not be available at all the Centres. As such you are
advised to make sure that counselling facilities are available for the programme you have chosen
at the new Study Centre opted for. As far as possible the request for change of Study Centre is
considered favourably. However, the allotment of new Study Centre is subject to availability of
seats for the programme at the new Centre asked for.

Change of Region
When you want a transfer from one Region to another, you have to write to that effect to the
Regional Centre from where you seek a transfer marking copies to the Regional Centre where
you would like to be transferred to and also to Registrar (SRD), New Delhi. Further, you have to
obtain a certificate from the Coordinator of the Study Centre from where you are seeking transfer
18
regarding the number of assignments submitted. The Regional Director from where you are
seeking the transfer will transfer all records to the Regional Centre where you seek transfer
under intimation to you and Registrar (SRD). The records are normally sent by Registered Post
to guard against loss in the postal transit.

Issue of Transcripts
The university provides the facility of official transcripts on requests made by the students on
plain paper addressed to Registrar, SED, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -68. A fee of Rs.
200/- per transcript is required to be paid through demand draft in favour of IGNOU payable at
New Delhi. Students are required to pay Rs. 200/- extra in the case of request for sending transcript
outside the country.

Issue of Duplicate Grade Card

Duplicate Grade Card is issued after a request is made on the prescribed form along with a bank
draft of Rs. 200/- in favour of IGNOU payable at New Delhi. The form for the purpose is given
in this Programme Guide.

Simultaneous Registration
Students who are already enrolled in a programme of one year or longer duration can also
simultaneously register themselves for any certificate programme of 6 months duration. However,
if there is any clash of dates of counselling or examination schedule between two programmes
taken, University will not be in a position to make any adjustment.

Migration Certificate
For Migration Certificate, requisition may be sent to the Regional Director along with the
following documents:
1) Application (can be obtained from the SRD, New Delhi or photocopy of the one given in
the Programme Guide can be used.)
2) Attested copy of the mark sheet.
3) Fee of Rs.500/- in the form of demand draft drawn in favour of IGNOU payable at the city
where Regional Centre is located.
Samples of various forms currently used in the University are provided in this Programme Guide.
Whenever you need any of these (except for the Examination form which is to be procured from
the Study Centre/ Regional Centre) please take a photocopy, fill it and send it to us.

Refund of Fees
Fee once paid will not be refunded under any circumstance. It is also not adjustable against any
other programme of the University. In cases where the University denies admission, however,
programme fee will be refunded through a/c payee cheques only after deduction of registration
fee.

Disputes on Admission and other University Matters

The place of jurisdiction for filing of a Suit, if necessary, will be only at New Delhi / Delhi.

Foreign Students
19
Foreign nationals residing in India are eligible to seek admission in IGNOU programmes provided
they have valid student visa for the minimum duration of the programme. Such students are
required to remit the fee at par with foreign students (fee structure for foreign students can be
downloaded from IGNOU website). Admission of foreign students residing in India will be
processed by the International Division of IGNOU after ensuring their antecedents from the
Ministry of External Affairs/ Ministry of Human Resource Development. Programmes with
limited number of seats are not offered for foreign students.
Recognition
IGNOU Degrees/Diplomas/Certificates are recognized by all member universities of the
Association of Indian Universities (AIU) and are at par with Degrees/Diplomas/Certificates of
all Indian Universities/Institutions, as per UGC Circular letter no. F.1-52/2000(CPP-II) dated
May 5, 2004; AIU Circular no. EV/11(449/94/176915-177115) dated January 14, 1994 and
AICTE Circular no. AICTE/Academic/MOU-DEC/2005 dated May 13, 2005.

How to Approach the University

During the course of your study, you might require some additional information about rules
and regulations. You must know whom to contact for specific information. We are providing
information about these matters under the heading Whom to Contact for What.

The information about the suitable forms for specific purpose is also provided in Section 10 of
this Programme Guide. Whenever you need, take a copy of the relevant form (except for the
TEE form, which you have to procure in original) and send as per instructions given in the form.

WHOM TO CONTACT FOR WHAT

Contact Details of Student Service Centre
1 General Enquiry (Student Support Services and Phone: 011-29572514, 29572513, 29S72516
Student Grievances, pre-admission Inquiry of
various Programmes in IGNOU, etc)

2 Director; SSC, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, Phone: 011-29572505

New Delhi -110068 Email: [email protected], [email protected]

For specific queries related to Admission, Study Material, Assignment, Examination,

Counselling, etc. the students must contact the following.

Sl. Issues Authority to be contacted

No.
1 Identity Card, Fee Receipt, Bonafide Concerned Regional Centre
Certificate, Migration, Certificate,
Scholarship Forms, change of name,
correction of name/address
2 Non-receipt of study material and Registrar (MPDD),IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New
assignments Delhi-110068
20
3 Change of Elective/Medium/opting of Concerned Regional Centre
left over electives/, Deletion of excess
credits
4 Credit Transfer Student Registration Division, Block
No. 1 & 3, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi,
New Delhi-110068
5 Purchase of Audio/Videò CDs Marketing Unit, EMPC, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New
Delhi-110068
6 Academia Content Director of the School concerned
7 Approval of a Project Synopsis Project Co-ordinator in the Concerned School
8. International Students residing in India Director, International Division, IGNOU,
should contact Block-15,Section K, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi.
Tel. Nos. : 29533987; 29571681
E-mail : internationaldivision@ionou ac in
9 Issue of Degree/Diploma Certificate/ convocation@ignou ac.in
Dispatch of returned Degrees/
Verification of Degrees/Convocation
Issue of Hall Ticket/ Correction in the hall
ticket for handicapped student s/ Non [email protected]
10 receipt of hall tickets for term-end- [email protected]
examination & Entrance Test/ Entrance,
Test Results/Queries related to
dispatch of attendance, list of
examinees etc./
Writer
11 Declaration of results of Masters & [email protected]@ionou.ac.in
Bachelors degree level
programme/Issue of grade card and practicalsed@iqnou ac.in
provisional certificate of Masters and
Bachelors degree level prog./ Practical
marks of all programmes
12 Declaration of results of Masters, [email protected]@iqnou ac.in
Bachelor and Diploma programme/Issue of
grade card and provisional certificate of
Plasters, Bachelor and Diploma level
Programme
13 Declaration of results of DPE and cpresult@ignou ac.in
Certificate programme/ Issue of grade card
and provisional certificate of DPE &
Certificate level p rogramme
14 Verification of genuineness of provisional [email protected] in
certificate and grade card/ Issue of
Transcript
15 Queries related to UFM cases [email protected]

16 Status of Project Report of âll [email protected]

Programmes/Dissertation and Viva marks
17 Queries related to Assignment Marks [email protected]

21
 18 Students General enquiries and grievances/ sedgrievance@ignou ac.in
Issue of duplicate mark sheet
19 Discrepancy in grade card, non updating of [email protected]
grade/marks in the grade card etc.

Most of the operations of the University are online. Wherever you are required to submit a hard
copy, the University has made available different application forms on its website. Please
download these forms from the Student Zone of the University website and use them diligently.

___________________________________________________________________________

9. DETAILS OF MA (ECONOMICS) COURSES

A. Details of Compulsory Courses

MEC-101: MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS 6 Credits

The course analyses the economic behaviour of individuals, firms and markets. It is mainly
concerned with the objective of equipping the students in a rigorous and comprehensive manner
with various aspects of consumer behaviour and demand analysis, production theory and behaviour
of costs, the theory of traditional markets and equilibrium of firm in modern non-profit maximizing
framework. The course also deals with the micro and macro theories of distribution, welfare
economics, and general equilibrium in closed and open systems and analysis of economic
behaviour under uncertainty.
Block 1 : Consumer Behaviour
Unit 1 : Theory of Consumer Behaviour: Basic Themes
Unit 2 : Theory of Demand
Unit 3 : Theory of Demand : Some Recent Developments
Block 2 : Producer Behaviour
Unit 4 : Theory of Production
Unit 5 : Theory of Cost
Unit 6 : Production Economics
Block 3 : Price and Output Determination
Unit 7 : Perfect Competition
Unit 8 : Monopoly
Unit 9 : Monopolistic Competition
Unit 10 : Oligopoly
Block 4 : General Equilibrium
Unit 11 : General Equilibrium : Pure Exchange Model
Unit 12 : General Equilibrium with Production
Block 5 : Welfare Economics
Unit 13 : Pigovian vs. Paretorian Approach
22
Unit 14 : Social Welfare Function
Unit 15 : Imperfect Market, Externality and Public Goods
Unit 16 : Social Choice and Welfare
Block 6 : Economics of Uncertainty
Unit 17 : Choice in Uncertain Situations
Unit 18 : Insurance Choice and Risk
Unit 19 : Economics of Information
Block 7 : Non-Cooperative Game Theory-I
Unit 20 : Static Games of Complete Information
Unit 21 : Static Games with Complete Information: Applications
Unit 22 : Dynamic Games with Complete Information
Block 8 : Non-Cooperative Game Theory-II
Unit 23 : Static Games of Incomplete Information (with Application to Auction)
Unit 24 : Dynamic Games with Incomplete Information: Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium
Unit 25 : Signaling Games and their Application
Unit 26 : Refinements of Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium
MEC-002: MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS 6 Credits
Macroeconomics or aggregative economics analyses and establishes the functional relationship
between economy level/aggregates. Aggregative analysis has assumed such a great significance
in recent times that a prior understanding of macroeconomic theoretical structure is considered
essential for proper comprehension of different issues and policies. Macroeconomics now is not
only a scientific method of analysis but also a body of empirical economic knowledge.

The course equips the students at the postgraduate level to understand systemic facts and
theoretical developments for empirical analysis.
Block 1 : Traditional Approaches to Macroeconomics
Unit 1 : Classical and Keynesian Approaches
Unit 2 : Neoclassical Synthesis
Block 2 : Economic Growth
Unit 3 : The Solow Model
Unit 4 : Endogenous Growth Model
Block 3 : Rational Expectations
Unit 5 : Rational Expectations and Economic Theory
Unit 6 : Policy-Making under Uncertainty
Block 4 : Inter-temporal Decision-Making
Unit 7 : Consumption and Asset Prices
Unit 8 : The Ramsey Model
23
Unit 9 : The Overlapping Generations Model
Unit 10 : Money and the Role of Monetary Policy
Block 5 : Economic Fluctuations
Unit 11 : Traditional Theories of Business Cycles
Unit 12 : Real Business Cycles
Block 6 : Unemployment
Unit 13 : Traditional Theories
Unit 14 : Search Theory and Unemployment
Unit 15 : Nominal and Real Rigidities
Unit 16 : New-Keynesian Theories of Unemployment
Block 7 : Open-Economy Macro-Modelling
Unit 17 : Flexible Exchange-Rate System
Unit 18 : Fixed-Exchange Rate System
Unit 19 : Sluggish Price Adjustment

MEC-103: QUANTITATIVE METHODS 6 Credits

The main objective of the course is to train the students to use the techniques of mathematical
and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and analyse economic
problems. The emphasis of the course is on understanding economic concepts with the help of
mathematical methods rather than learning mathematics itself. Hence in this course a student
will be initiated into various economic concepts, which are amenable to mathematical treatment.
The course also deals with simple tools and techniques, which will help a student in data collection,
presentation, analysis and drawing inferences about various statistical hypotheses.
Block 1 : Introduction to Differential Calculus
Unit 1 : Set Theory
Unit 2 : Functions and their Graphical Representation
Unit 3 : Differential Calculus: Functions, Limit and Continuity
Block 2 : Extreme Values and Optimisation
Unit 4 : Maxima and Minima
Unit 5 : Unconstrained Optimisation
Unit 6 : Constrained Optimisation
Block 3 : Integral Calculus and Economic Dynamics
Unit 7 : Integration Techniques
Unit 8 : Integration and Economic Dynamics
Unit 9 : Difference Equations and Applications in Economic Dynamics
Block 4 : Linear Algebra and Economic Applications
Unit 10 : Vector Analysis

24
Unit 11 : Linear Algebra
Unit 12 : Input-Output Analysis
Unit 13 : Linear Programming
Block 5 : Statistical Methods-I
Unit 14 : Descriptive Statistics
Unit 15 : Correlation and Regression Analysis
Unit 16 : Probability Theory
Unit 17 : Probability Distribution
Block 6 : Statistical Methods-II
Unit 18 : Sampling Theory
Unit 19 : Sampling Distributions
Unit 20 : Statistical Inferences
MEC-004: ECONOMICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 6 Credits
The study of economic development has gained importance because of sustained interest of the
developing countries in uplifting their economic conditions by restructuring their economies to
acquire greater diversity, efficiency and equity in consonance with their priorities. While few
success stories can be counted, many have grappled with chronic problems of narrow economic
base, inefficiency and low standard of living. For this and other reasons, there have been many
approaches to economic development. In recent times, besides hardcore economic prescriptions
to development, concerns hitherto relegated to background like education, health, sanitation and
infrastructure development, have found a place of pride in explaining the preference to various
economies.

Units incorporated in the course are devoted to theories of growth and development, social and
institutional aspects of development, importance of agriculture, and the rationale and pattern of
industrialization in developing countries. Other important issues in the context of development
such as infrastructure-linkages, role of international trade, importance of domestic macroeconomic
policies, investment criteria, and relevance of planning have been included in the units.
Block 1 : Economic Growth Models - I
Unit 1 : Introduction to Economic Growth
Unit 2 : Harrod-Domar Growth Model
Unit 3 : Neo-classical Growth Models
Block 2 : Economic Growth Models –II
Unit 4 : Growth and Distribution
Unit 5 : Total Factor Productivity and Growth Accounting
Unit 6 : Technological Change and Progress
Block 3 : Economic Growth Model-III
Unit 7 : Models of Optimal Economic Growth
Unit 8 : Multi-Sector Models of Growth
Unit 9 : Endogenous Growth Models
25
Unit 10 : Stochastic Growth Models
Block 4 : Social and Institutional Aspects of Development
Unit 11 : Development and Underdevelopment
Unit 12 : Measurement and Indicators of Development
Unit 13 : Population and Development
Unit 14 : Economic Development and Institutions
Unit 15 : Market Incompleteness and Informal Institutions in the Rural Economy
Block 5 : Theories of Development
Unit 16 : Classical Theories of Development
Unit 17 : Schumpeter and Capitalistic Development
Unit 18 : Theories of Underdevelopment
Block 6 : Development Strategies
Unit 19 : Allocation of Resources
Unit 20 : Cost-Benefit Analysis
Unit 21 : Role of Planning
Unit 22 : Trade and Development

MEC-205: INDIAN ECONOMIC POLICY 6 Credits

This course presents an analytical framework within which the Indian economic policy is
formulated and implemented. Indian economic policy influences the economic environment
and in turn is conditioned by the environment. This two-way relationship has been examined in
the present course. The course presents an integrated approach to different aspects of policy
making. Specifically, in the background of Indian economic development during the last six
decades, several major economic policy instruments have been implemented. These are in the
areas of Monetary and Credit Policy, Fiscal Policy, Trade Policy at macro level and Agricultural
Policy, Industrial Policy, Policies relating to services sector at the sectoral level. Issues of
monitoring and implementing these economic policies are analytically examined in this
course.
Block 1 : Indian Economic Development: An Overview
Unit 1 : Indian Economic Development: A Historical Perspective
Unit 2 : Growth and Structure of the Indian Economy
Unit 3 : Demographic Transition and its Implications
Unit 4 : Natural Resources
Unit 5 : Physical and Social Infrastructure
Block 2 : Development Strategies
Unit 6 : State and Market: Indian Context
Unit 7 : Economic Reforms in India
Unit 8 : Major Developments in Post Economic Reforms Period
Block 3 : Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Unit 9 : Inflation and Monetary Policy
26
Unit 10 : Capital Market and its Regulations
Unit 11 : Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act
Unit 12 : Major Development in Union and State Relations
Block 4 : Sector Specific Issues and Policies
Unit 13 : Agriculture: Issues, Concerns, Policy and Programme Initiatives
Unit 14 : Large Scale Industries in India: Issues and Policy
Unit 15 : Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): Issues and Policy
Unit 16 : Services Sector I: Organised Sector – Issues and Policy
Unit 17 : Services Sector II: Informal Sector – Issues and Policy
Block 5 : External Sector and Trade Policy
Unit 18 : Trade Policy
Unit 19 : Foreign Trade and Balance of Payment
Unit 20 : Foreign Capital
Block 6 : Major Issues Confronting Indian Economy
Unit 21 : Poverty, Malnutrition and Inclusive Growth: Policy Implications
Unit 22 : Employment and Unemployment: Policy Changes
Unit 23 : Social Security Measures in India
Unit 24 : Regional Disparities in India: Policy Implications
Unit 25 : Ingredients of Good Governance

MEC-106: PUBLIC ECONOMICS 6 Credits

Role and functions of the government in an economy have been changing with the passage of
time. The term public finance has traditionally been applied to the package of those policies and
operations, which involve the use of tax and expenditure measures. In this, budgetary policy is
an important part to understand the basic problems of use of resources and distribution of
income. There is a vast array of fiscal institutions - tax systems, expenditure programme,
budgetary procedures, stabilization instruments, debt issues, levels of government, etc., which
raise a spectrum of issues arising from the operation of these institutions. Further, the
existence of externalities, concern for adjustment in the distribution of income and wealth, etc.
require political processes for their solution in a manner, which combines individual freedom
and justice. The course combines a comprehensive understanding of fiscal institutions with a
careful analysis of the issues. The course has 8 blocks and 23 units as follows.

Block 1 : Basic Concepts of Public Economics

Unit 1 : Welfare Foundations of Economic Policies
Unit 2 : Market Failure and Government Failure
Unit 3 : Equity and Justice
Block 2 : Public Goods and Externalities

27
Unit 4 : Theory of Public Goods

Unit 5 : Externalities and Solutions

Unit 6 : Local and Global Public Goods
Block 3 : Collective Decision Making
Unit 7 : Theory of Social Choice
Unit 8 : Public Choice Theory
Unit 9 : Mechanism Design
Block 4 : Economics of Public Revenues
Unit 10 : Direct and Indirect Taxation
Unit 11 : Optimal Taxation
Unit 12 : Non-Tax Revenues
Block 5 : Public Expenditure, Debt and Deficits
Unit 13 : Theory of Public Expenditure
Unit 14 : Patterns of Public Expenditure in India
Unit 15 : Deficits and Debt

Block 6 : Economics of Public Sector and Regulation

Unit 16 : Theory of Public Sector Pricing
Unit 17 : Theory of Regulation

Block 7 : Fiscal Federalism

Unit 18 : Theory of Multi-Level Government
Unit 19 : Fiscal Federalism in India
Unit 20 : Design of Fiscal Transfers
Block 8 : Public Policy
Unit 21 : Fiscal and Monetary Policies: Growth and Stabilisation
Unit 22 : Public Policy for Distributive Justice
Unit 23 : International Policy Coordination

MEC-007: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCE 6 Credits

The course aims to provide an understanding of the theories that tend to govern the flow of trade
in goods, services and capital across nations. While acquainting the students with these doctrines
and their limitations, the contents of the course are spread over different units, laying stress on
the theoretical foundations of trade theory which, in turn, will help in examining the impact of
such theories on trade policies as are followed at national and international levels. The course
also provides an idea of the welfare implications of these policies relating to trade, at macro
level. It also would cover issues of the distribution of gains from trade between the North and
South with particular reference to India. The study of international trade and finance in this
course aims to make the students familiar with the likely consequences of globalisation on income,
28
employment, social standards and the possible policy solutions as the world moves in the 21 st
Century.
Block 1 : International Trade Theory
Unit 1 : Free Trade Theory
Unit 2 : Alternative Explanations of Trade
Unit 3 : Gains from Free Trade and Welfare
Block 2 : Trade Policy
Unit 4 : Theories of Protectionism;
Unit 5 : Role of WTO in Trade Policy
Unit 6 : Multilateralism and Problems of Developing Countries with WTO
Block 3 : Balance of Payments, BoP Adjustments, Exchange Rates
Unit 7 : Balance of Payments: Introduction
Unit 8 : International Monetary Systems and Exchange Rate Regimes
Unit 9 : International Financial Institutions
Unit 10 : International Debt and the Role of Financial Institutions
Block 4 : Globalisation, Trade and Developing Countries
Unit 11 : Trade and Development
Unit 12 : Issues Related to Trade in Primary Commodities
Unit 13 : Issues on Trade in Services (GATS)
Unit 14 : Trade Negotiations under the WTO: A Historical View
Block 5 : Theory of Regional Blocs
Unit 15 : Regional Trading Blocs
Unit 16 : International Capital Mobility and the Emerging Monetary System
Block 6 : International Trade and Payments in India
Unit 17 : India’s Trade Policy: Historical Perspective and Recent Developments
Unit 18 : India’s Balance of Payments
Unit 19 : Trade and Development in India

MEC-108: ECONOMICS OF SOCIAL SECTOR AND ENVIRONMENT 6 Credits

The course is meant to provide insights into the application of economic theory in the design and
implementation of public policy related to the management of environment and social sectors.
The course finds roots in welfare economics, national income accounting, macroeconomic policies
and trade and development.

Units incorporated in the course are devoted to issues of environmental economics, environmental
and social services and the problem of valuation of these services, and designing of instruments
and institutions for the management of environment. The models of optimal use of natural
resources, macroeconomic issues, sustainable development, environmental resource problems
in India and the economics of health and education constitute the other areas of the course.
29
Block 1 : Society, Environment and Economy
Unit 1 : Society, State and Market
Unit 2 : Economy and Environment
Unit 3 : Society and Environment
Block 2 : Economics of Education
Unit 4 : Demand for Educational Services
Unit 5 : Supply of Educational Services
Unit 6 : Determinants of Educational Services
Block 3 : Economics of Health
Unit 7 : Demand for Health Services
Unit 8 : Supply of Health Services
Unit 9 : Determinants of Health Services
Block 4 : Economics of Environment
Unit 10 : Demand for Natural and Environmental Resources
Unit 11 : Supply of Environmental and Ecosystem Services
Unit 12 : Determinants of Environmental Resources
Block 5 : Sustainable Development
Unit 13 : Pillars of Sustainable Development
Unit 14 : Green Accounting and Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
Unit 15 : Common Property Resources Management
Block 6 : Institutions and Policies
Unit 16 : Education Sector
Unit 17 : Health Sector
Unit 18 : Environmental Sector I
Unit 19 : Environmental Sector II

MEC-109: RESEARCH METHODS IN ECONOMICS 6 Credits

Many of the students at post-graduate level intend to pursue research degree programme after
completion of their Master’s degree in Economics. This course will be an effort to develop such
an aptitude among them. The objective of the course is to equip the learners with the research
methods which are applied in undertaking the research projects/programmes in Economics. This
course will introduce and familiarise the students the issues and perspectives of research
methodology, research design and tools of data collation and data analysis.

Broadly there are two types of Research Methods : Mono methods, and Mixed Methods. Within
Mono Methods again there are two methods – Quantitative methods, and Qualitative methods.
The combination of at least one qualitative and at least one quantitative component in a single
research study/project on Programme is known as mixed methods research. With a view to

30
provide the balanced treatment to Quantitative and Qualitative Research, efforts have been made
to include both the approaches. It is expected that the knowledge of quantitative and qualitative
methods will better equip the students to carry out the research studies in more realistic manner.
Block 1 : Research Methodology: Issues and Perspectives
Unit 1 : Research Methodology: Conceptual Foundations
Unit 2 : Approaches to Scientific Knowledge: Positivism and Post Positivism
Unit 3 : Models of Scientific Explanation
Unit 4 : Debates on Models of Explanation in Economics
Unit 5 : Foundations of Qualitative Research: Interpretitivism and Critical Theory Paradigm
Block 2 : Research Design and Measurement
Unit 6 : Research Design and Mix Methods Research
Unit 7 : Data Collection & Sampling Design
Unit 8 : Measurement and Scaling Techniques
Block 3 : Quantitative Methods-I
Unit 9 : Two Variable Regression Models
Unit 10 : Multiple Regression Models
Unit 11 : Measures of Inequality
Unit 12 : Construction of composite index number in social sciences
Block 4 : Quantitative Methods-II
Unit 13 : Multivariate Analysis: Factor Analysis
Unit 14 : Canonical Correlation Analysis
Unit 15 : Cluster Analysis
Unit 16 : Correspondence Analysis
Unit 17 : Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)

Block 5 : Qualitative Methods

Unit 18 : Participatory Methods
Unit 19 : Content Analysis
Unit 20 : Action Research

Block 6 : Data Base of Indian Economy

Unit 21 : Macro-variable Data: National Income, Saving and Investment
Unit 22 : Agricultural and Industrial Data
Unit 23 : Trade and Finance
Unit 24 : Social Sector

B. Optional Courses

31
 MECP-101: PROJECT WORK 6 Credits
In the MA (Economics) programme the student can opt for MECP-101: Project Work. The
evaluation of which is based of submission of a Project Report and viva voce examination on
the project report submitted. There is no assignment for MECP-101.
The student is expected to conduct an in-depth study on a topic and reveal his/her analytical and
presentation skills. Therefore, the topic for project report should be precise. Project Report
should be of about 15,000-20,000 words (about 50-60 pages), typed double space. A Project
Guide is dispatched to students along with study material to help him/her in preparing the Project
Report.
You can have a supervisor from the Academic Counsellors of MEC courses at the Study Centre
or a faculty of a Research Institute involved in research activities for preparation of the
Project Report. The student is expected to develop a Project Proposal in consultation with the
supervisorapproved by the faculty at the Headquarters. The Project Proposal duly endorsed by the
supervisor is submitted to the Course Coordinator, MECP-101 course, School of Social
Sciences, IGNOU, New Delhi for approval. Project Report submitted without a supervisor or
without the approval of the proposal by the Faculty of Economics at IGNOU Headquarters
will not be accepted forevaluation by Student Evaluation Division.
Before writing the Project Report, the Project Proposal should be sent for approval to ‘The
Course Coordinator, MECP-101 Course, Block F, School of Social Science, IGNOU Campus,
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi 110 068’. A proforma for submission of Project Proposal is included
in the Project Guide.
When the Project Report is complete, it should be sent to the Registrar Student Evaluation
Division, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi- 110068 for evaluation purposes. Completed
project report should NOT be sent to the Course Coordinator/ Faculty of Economics. The
guidelines on how to prepare a project proposal are provided below.

Guidelines for Preparing a Project Proposal

1) A proposal should be of 4-5 pages. It must contain the following sections: (i) Introduction,
(ii) Objectives, (iii) Data Sources with variables identified and Methodology, (iv) Limitations
and (v) Chapter Scheme.

2) The Topic selected should ideally be based on a brief Literature Review. Literature reviewed
should be cited in Introduction. Citation should be in the ‘author (year)’ format.

3) A Project Proposal in Economics should demonstrate understanding of Theory and ability to

carry out empirical work to ‘test theory using data’. Such proposals would have
computations, estimation, testing of hypotheses, inference, etc. For instance, you may wish
to study ‘poverty’. There are many measures of poverty. Each method require particular
type of data. Or, you may want to compare the growth profile of different sectors of the
economy like agriculture, industry, etc. Growth rate can be calculated with data for two
points of time or by using data that is available in a time series for many years.

32
4) Objectives of your study should be so stated that their first word is a ‘functional verb’.
Examples of functional verbs suitable to empirical studies (i.e. studies based on quantitative
or statistical data) are what are stated in 3 above (compute, estimate, test, infer, etc.). Such
studies can be based on secondary data published from different governmental (CSO, NSSO)
and non-governmental agencies (CMIE).

5) You can see for yourself that for empirical studies, it is easy to establish a one-to-one linkage
between the functional verbs used in objectives and their elaboration that you can provide
under the section of ‘methodology’. Proposals with such clear linkage, between objectives
specified and methodology detailed, would get easy approval by the faculty.

6) Proposals need not necessarily be empirical. This means studies proposed can be based on
qualitative data or mere descriptive account. Appropriate functional verbs which can be used
for such studies are: discuss, explain, bring out, identify, illustrate, etc. For instance, you
may undertake to survey ‘efforts made for self-employment venture and their success’. Such
studies need primary survey. For studies based on primary survey, it is important to give (i)
area where survey is proposed to be carried out, (ii) survey unit (e.g., household,
establishment, institution), (iii) sample size and (iv) method of drawing a random sample for
the study (where applicable).

7) The above-mentioned points (explicitly written under the five heads mentioned in 1 above),
would constitute the bare minimum of your Project Proposal. Note that under ‘data sources
and methodology’ you must indicate the periodicity of data (i.e. monthly, quarterly, yearly,
etc.) considered, formulae for computation, test statistic, etc. in as much detail as possible.
Proposals with such details would be approved without any need for revision and
resubmission.

8) While the above is the minimum requirement, note that you have studied in your compulsory
theory papers a lot of other techniques and concepts. For instance, for analyzing the cause
and effect, or for identifying the determinants of an economic phenomenon like growth, you
can fit a regression model with empirical data. You can see that the functional verb
‘examine’ can be used in your objectives for such an analysis. This verb can be suitably
used both in quantitative and qualitative studies. If you are able to include such things, your
proposal rises above the minimum level expected.

9) A more detailed Project Guide is uploaded on eGyankosh in our university’s website. You
can access it by following the Path: eGyankosh – IGNOU Self Study Material (SLM) –
School of Social Sciences (SOSS) – Levels – Masters Degree Programmes –Current –
Master of Arts (Economics) (MEC) – 1st Year/Project Guide.

10) Please note that as mentioned on p-2 of the Project Guide stated above, only two chances are
given to prepare an acceptable proposal for your MECP 101 course. So please prepare
carefully failing which you would lose your chance for doing a Project Report under MECP

33
 101. You would have to then complete your programme by taking up some other optional
course for your elective in place of MECP 101.

MECE-101: ECONOMETRIC METHODS 6 Credits

Applications of Economic Theory need a reasonable understanding of economic relationships
and relevant statistical methods. The econometric theory thus becomes a powerful tool for
understanding of applied economic relationships and for meaningful research in Economics.
The course accordingly is devoted to equip students with basic theory of econometrics and
relevant applications of the methods. The topics covered in the course include various problems
faced in estimation of both single equations and simultaneous equations models. The course
also covers various econometric methods applicable to different topics in economics and those
needed for applied economic research. The course requires a good understanding of calculus on
the part of the learner.
Block 1 : Basic Econometric Theory
Unit 1 : Introduction to Econometrics
Unit 2 : Estimation of Two-variable Regression Model
Unit 3 : Statistical Inference in Simple Regression Models
Unit 4 : Multiple Regression Model
Unit 5 : Generalised Least Squares
Block 2 : Treatment of Violations of Basic Assumptions
Unit 6 : Multicollinearity
Unit 7 : Auto Correlation
Unit 8 : Heteroscedasticity
Unit 9 : Errors in Variables
Block 3 : Extensions of Regression Models
Unit 10 : Dummy Variable Models
Unit 11 : Autoregressive and Distributed Lag Models
Unit 12 : Discrete Dependent Variable Models
Block 4 : Simultaneous Equation Models
Unit 13 : Introduction to Simultaneous Equation Models
Unit 14 : Identification Problem
Unit 15 : Estimation of simultaneous Equation Models
Block 5 : Multivariate Analysis
Unit 16 : Introduction to Multivariate Analysis
Unit 17 : Principal Component Analysis
Unit 18 : Factor Analysis

MECE-103: ACTUARIAL ECONOMICS: THEORY AND PRACTICE 6 Credits

34
The course develops the basic actuarial techniques that are used for insurance purposes. It covers
the techniques drawn from statistics, financial mathematics along with the insights of economic
theory to equip the learners with the insurance processes. The course requires a good understanding
of quantitative methods on the part of the learner. The present course, MECE 103, is a revised
version of its earlier version viz. MECE 003 and is being offered to the students from July
2022.
Block 1 : Introduction to Insurance Theory
Unit1 : Interface Between Economics and Insurance

Unit2 : Life and General Insurance

Unit 3 : Health Insurance and Pension Funds

Block 2 : Quantitative Techniques for Risk Analysis
Unit 4 : Applied Probability

Unit 5 : Stochastic Calculus

Unit 6 : Financial Markets and Derivatives

Block 3 : Interest Theory

Unit 7 : Basics of Interest Theory

Unit 8 : Equations of Value and Time

Unit 9 : Annuities
Block 4 : Actuarial Survival Models I
Unit 10 : Age-at-Death Random Variables
Unit 11 : Parametric Survival Models
Unit 12 : Time-Until-Death Random Variable
Block 5 : Actuarial Survival Models I
Unit 13 : Life Table Format
Unit 14 : Contingent Payment Models
Unit 15 : Benefit Premium and Benefit Reserves

Unit 16 : Joint Life Models

Block 6 : Risk Management

Unit 17 : Valuing Risk Management

Unit 18 : Reinsurance
Unit 19 : Copulas
Block 7 : Risk Models
Unit 20 : Theory of Extreme Value
35
Unit 21 : Credibility Theory
Unit 22 : Dynamic Financial Analysis

MECE-004: FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND MARKETS 6 Credits

The positive and significant role of financial institutions in the process of growth and development
has been well recognised in the literature and indeed has become more important during the last
two decades as the financial systems of different countries have become integrated in the process
of globalisation. India is no exception and has taken far reaching measures since 1991 in this
direction. It is, therefore, essential that students of economics should be well conversant with
the theory and practice of different financial institutions and markets to understand and analyse
the interconnection between monetary forces and real forces, their developmental role and
limitations in shaping and influencing the monetary and related policies both at national and
international levels.
Block 1 : Nature and Role of Financial System
Unit 1 : The Role of Financial Markets in the Economy
Unit 2 : Money and Finance
Unit 3 : Risk and Financial Assets
Unit 4 : Interest Rates and Cash Flows
Block 2 : Financial Markets
Unit 5 : Money Markets
Unit 6 : Capital and Equity Markets
Unit 7 : Derivatives Markets
Unit 8 : Structure of Financial Markets

Block 3 : Financial Institutions

Unit 9 : Financial Intermediaries
Unit 10 : Commercial Banking
Unit 11 : Investment Banking
Unit 12 : Trading and Exchanges
Block 4 : The Financial Sector and Monetary Policy
Unit 13 : Money and the Economy
Unit 14 : Money Creation and Central Banking
Unit 15 : Interest Rate Risk
Unit 16 : Credit Risk and Other Risks
Block 5 : International Financial Markets
Unit 17 : Exchange Rates
Unit 18 : Rise and Fall of Brettonwood Institutions
Unit 19 : Regional Financial Institutions

MGSE-009 : GENDER ISSUES IN WORK, EMPLOYMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY

4 Credits
Block 1 : Gender Issues in Work
36
Unit 1 : Gender Issues in Work
Unit 2 : Valuation of Women's Work
Unit 3 : Participation of Women in Pre-industrial and Industrial Societies
Block 2 : Women’s Contribution to National Economy
Unit 4 : Women in Care Economy
Unit 5 : Women in Shadow Employment
Unit 6 : Search Theories
Unit 7 : The Indispensability of Voice Organizing for Social Protection in the Information
Economy
Unit 8 : Towards a ‘Generative’ Model of Social Protection Making the Links to
Development Policy
Block 3 : Gender and Labour Markets
Unit 9 : Labour Market Segmentation
Unit 10 : Gender Differential Impact on Labour Market
Unit 11 : Wage Differentials
Unit 12 : Social Security
Unit 13 : Legal Responses to Work

MWG-011 : WOMEN IN THE ECONOMY 8 Credits

Block 1 : Conceptualizing Women’s Work
Unit 1 : Defining Work
Unit 2 : Productive and Reproductive Work
Unit 3 : Segmentation
Unit 4 : Estimating Women’s Work
Block 2 : Historiographical Issues and Debates in Women's Work
Unit 5 : International Debates
Unit 6 : Indian Debates-I
Unit 7 : Indian Debates-II
Unit 8 : Mobilization and Resistance
Block 3 : Participation
Unit 9 : Issues Concerning Participation
Unit 10 : Locations
Unit 11 : Sectors
Unit 12 : Occupation
Block 4 : Migration
Unit 13 : Theories and Typologies of Migration

37
Unit 14 : Migration, Inequality and Social Change
Unit 15 : Migration and Vulnerabilities to Trafficking
Unit 16 : Migration and Development
Block 5 : Legislation, Social Protection and Policy
Unit 17 : Frameworks and Approaches
Unit 18 : Important Legislation and Landmark Judgments
Unit 19 : Welfare and Social Security Measures
Unit 20 : Women in Planning and Social Policy
Block 6 : Women and Globalization
Unit 21 : Globalization and Economic Change
Unit 22 : New International Division of Labour
Unit 23 : Questions of Feminization and Marginalisation

MEDSE-046 : DEVELOPMENT: ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVE 8 Credits

Block 1 : Development - An Overview

Unit 1 : Development Introduction and Paradigm
Unit 2 : Economic Development
Unit 3 : Human Development
Unit 4 : Political Development
Block 2 : Basic Issues in Development-I
Unit 5 : Population
Unit 6 : Poverty
Unit 7 : Inequality
Unit 8 : Unemployment
Block 3 : Basic Issues in Development-II
Unit 9 : Social and Cultural Issues in Development
Unit 10 : Development and Disparities
Unit 11 : Inclusive Development
Unit 12 : Marginalization
Block 4 : Sectoral Issues in Development-I
Unit 13 : Agriculture

Unit 14 : Industry

Unit 15 : Infrastructure

Unit 16 : Service
38
Block 5 : Sectoral Issues in Development-II
Unit 21 : Education
Unit 22 : Health
Unit 23 : Gender

39
Please Note: For Regional Centers & Study
Centers please visit IGNOU's
website www.ignou.ac.in

40
10. SOME FORMS FOR YOUR USE
We are enclosing sample copies of certain forms which you will find to be useful. Whenever you
have to correspond with the University, please get a photocopy of the relevant form, fill it carefully,
and send as per instructions therein. The detailed instructions for all these forms are provided in
this programme guide in different sections. The following forms are enclosed:
1. Assignment remittance-cum-acknowledgement form
2. Change of medium of study/optional courses
3. Application for credit transfer
4. Intimation of non-receipt of study material
5. Form for duplicate Grade Card/Mark sheet
6. Form for Provisional Certificate
7. Form for Issue of Migration Certificate
8. Form for Early declaration result
9. Form for Re-Evaluation of Answer Script
10. Form for Improvement in division/class
11. Issuance of Official Transcripts
12. Obtaining photocopy of answer scripts

41
 INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
ASSIGNMENTS REMITTANCE-CUM-ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM

Enrolment No. : Programme :

MA Economics
Name : Medium :

Course Code :
English/Hindi
S.No. Assignment No.
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY

Sr. No. :
Signature of the receiverDate :

Signature of the
Student Seal
Date :

Notes : 1. Submit this form to the coordinator of your study centre alongwith the assignment.
2. When you submit the assignment by post, enclose a self-addressed stamped envelop along with this.

Enrolment No. : Programme : MA Eco

Name :

Course Code :
Medium :

S.No. Assignment No. For Office Use Only Sr. No. :

Date of Receipt :

Name of Evaluator :

Date of despatchto the Evaluator :

Sig. of dealing Accountant Date of receipt from

Date : Evaluator :

42
To Change of Medium: Rs. 350/- + Rs. 600/- for 4 credit
and Rs. 1200/- for 8 credit per course
The Regional Director
Change of Courses: Rs. 600/- for 4 credit per course
Rs. 1200/- for more than 4 credit per course.
This is permitted within 30 days from receipt of first set
of course material

Sub.: 1. Change of Medium of Study

2. Change of Courses of Study

Enrolment No.:

1. Change of Medium: From to

2. Change of courses of study as per following details:

Title of the Course offered at the Medium New Course to be Medium

time of Registration offered

Fee Details: Demand draft is to be made in the name of IGNOU payable at the city of your Regional
Centre.

Demand Draft No. Dated

Amount Rs. Drawn on

Signature:

Name

Address:

Phone & Email

43
44
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMISSION FOR APPLICATION FOR CREDIT TRANSFER

1) Read the instructions given in your Programme Guide carefully.

2) For M.A. Credit Transfer is allowed up to a maximum of 32 credits only.
3) Enclose the attested copies of the following along with the form :
 Marks lists issued by the accredited Institute/University.
 Syllabus of accredited Institute/University.
 Prospectus issued by the accredited Institute/University.
4) Pay the credit transfer fee at the rate of Rs. 500/- per 8 credits or part thereof through a
crossed Demand Draft in favour of ‘India Gandhi National Open University’ payable at
New Delhi.
5) Submit the filled in Credit Transfer Form to the following address:

The Registrar (Student Registration Division)

Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi
New Delhi-110 068

45
To
The Registrar,
MPDD, IGNOU
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi

Sub : Non-receipt of Study Material

Enrolment No.

Programme Medium of Study

I have not received the study Materials in respect of the following :

Sl. No. Course Code Blocks

I have remitted all the dues towards the course fee and there is No change is my address given as follows :

Name and Address : ........................................ Signature : ...................................................

........................................ Date : ...................................................

........................................

........................................

For Official Use

46
Date of despatch of study material to students ....................................................................................................

Control No.................................

Name ................................................................................................

Enrolment No.

Address ............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................
............................................................................

Pin

Programme .................................................................................................................................................
Month and Year of the Exam. ....................................................................................................................
Centre from where appeared at
last examination .........................................................................................................................................
Bank Draft / IPO No. ............................................................... Dated .......................................................
for Rs. 200/- in favour of IGNOU, New Delhi ..........................................................................................

Signature

Dated ........................................................................
Note : Fee for duplicate grade card Rs.200/-. The duplicate grade card/mark sheet will be sent by
Registered post.
The filled in form with the requisite fee is to be sent to :
The Registrar (Student Evaluation Division)
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi,
New Delhi-110 068
47
Enrolment No.

Programme Title ...................................................................................

Regional Centre ..............................................................................

Name ..................................................................................................

Father’s Name ..................................................................................................

Month and year of last
examination in which you
have completed the Programme ..................................................................................................

Mailing Address ..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

(Please Enclose a copy of your complete grade card.)

Filled in Application Form should be sent to:

The Registrar (Student Evaluation Division)

IGNOU,
Maidan Garhi,
New Delhi-110068

48
 INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
(To be submitted at the concerned Regional Centre)

Application Form for Issue of Migration Certificate

(To be filled in by the Applicant – Before filling in the form, see instruction on reverse)

1. Name :....................................................................................................................................
2. Father’s/Husband’s Name :...........................................................................................................
3. Address ........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................Pin ..........................
4. Particulars of last examination ......................................................................................................
Examination Passed Year of Passing Enrolment No. Marks Obtained Grades Obtained
(Programme)

5. Name of the Regional Centre and Study Centre in which the Candidate is attached
.....................................................................................................................................................
6. Name of the University to which the Candidate wants to migrate
.....................................................................................................................................................
Draft Details
Amount Rs. D.D. No. _ Date
Bank Name _ Place of Issue _

(To be filled in by the Admissions Division)

1. The information furnished by Shri/Smt./Km. _ _ is
correct as per scholar register.
2. He/She may be issued the Migration Certificate applied for _
Date _ _ Dealing Assistant__ Section Officer

I hereby declare that the information provided is correct to the best of my knowledge and I have paid all
fee due to the University. In the event of any of the above information being found incorrect, the
Certificate shall be liable to cancellation by the University.
Received the Migration Certificate No. _ dated

Date: Signature of the Applicant

49
 INSTRUCTIONS

1. A fee of Rs. 500/- should be remitted by way of a Demand Draft drawn in favour of IGNOU and
payable at concerned Regional Centre/City.
2. At the time of submission of the application for issue of Migration Certificate the student should
attach xerox copy of consolidated Statement of Marks of Provisional Certificate issued by this
University (duly attested) for verification.
3. Duplicate Migration Certificate can be issued on payment of Rs. 500/- only in case it has been lost,
destroyed or mutilated on submission of an Affidavit drawn up on a non-judicial stamp paper of
the value of Rs. 10/- to be sworn before a Magistrate on the following format.

“I, _________________________________Son/daughter/wife of _________________________

resident of _________________________________________________________________ hereby

solemnly declare that the Migration Certificate No _____________ dated _ issued

to me by the ___________________________ to enable me to join _____________________

_ University has been lost and I did not join any other University on the basis of the
same nor have I submitted the same for joining any other University. In case the lost Migration Certificate
is found, I shall deposit the same to the University”.

50
 INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
STUDENT EVALUATION DIVISION

APPLICATION FORM FOR EARLY DECLARATION OF RESULT OF TERM-END

EXAMINATION
(Rules & regulations are mentioned on the reverse side of this form. Please go through them carefully before filling
up the form).
1. Name : ......................................................................................................................................................
2. Programme: Enrolment No:
3. Address: ...................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................... Pin
4. Reason for early declaration of result: ......................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
(Enclose a copy of the documentary evidence specifying the reason for early declaration)
5. Courses(s) detail for early evaluation:-
S. No. Course Code Date of Examination
1. ———————————— ——————————————
2. ———————————— ——————————————
3. ———————————— ——————————————
4. ———————————— ——————————————
6. Exam. Centre details, from where you have to appear/appeared at Term-end Examination:-
Exam. Centre Code: Address of Exam. Centre:

7. Fee detail:
(The fee for early declaration of result is Rs. 1000/- per course, which is to be paid through demand draft
drawn in favour of ‘IGNOU’ & payable at the City of Evaluation Centre)

No. of Course(s): ………….…… X Rs. 1000/- = Total Amount: …..........................

Demand Draft No.: ………………………… Date: ……......................................

Issuing Bank: .……………………………………………………………………......................

Date:............................. (Signature of the student)

51
 P.T.O.
RULES & REGULATIONS FOR EARLY DECLARATION OF RESULTS
1. Request for early declaration of results will be entertained for final semester/year or maximum of 4 backlog
courses only, subject to the following conditions:-
i) The student has been selected for higher study/employment and statement of marks/grade card is required
to be produced to the institute by a particular date, which is before the prescribed dates of declaration of
the University’s results.
ii) The student has completed all the other prescribed components except the term-end examination of the
courses, for which early evaluation has been sought.
2. Application for early declaration, for the reasons such as to apply for recruitment/higher study/post and
promotion purpose etc. will not be entertained.
3. Application without enclosing documentary evidence specifying the reason for early declaration will not be
entertained.
4. Application form must reach at the following address before the date of the examination for the course (s) for
which early evaluation is sought:-

Sl.No. Address of Evaluation Centre Jurisdiction of Evaluation Centre

1. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres within Delhi-1, Delhi-2,
Evaluation Centre
Block-5, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi Delhi-3, All Schools and Divisions at Hqs.
New Delhi-110068
2. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Chennai, Hyderabad,
Evaluation Centre, Periyar Thidal Port Blair, Vijayawada, Trivandrum, Cochin, Ban-
No.50, EVK Sampath Road galore, Madurai, Panaji, Nagpur and Sub-RC
Vepery Chennai – 600 007 Vatakara.
3. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Patna, Raipur,
Evaluation Centre Bhuvaneshwar, Koraput, Siliguri and
IGNOU Regional Centre Raghunathganj.
2nd Floor, Biscomaun Tower
W. Gandhi Maidan, Patna -800 001
4. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Lucknow, Varanasi,
Evaluation Centre, IGNOU Regional Aligarh, Dehradun, Noida, Karnal, Chandigarh,
Centre, B-1/33, Sector-H, Aliganj Khanna, Shimla, Jammu and Srinagar,
Lucknow – 226 024
5. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Pune, Ahmedabad,
Evaluation Centre, IGNOU Regional Bhopal, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Rajkot and Mumbai.
Centre, 1st Floor, MSFC Building
270, Senapati Bapat Road, Pune-411016
6. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Guwahati, Itanagar,
Evaluation Centre, IGNOU Regional Imphal, Shilong, Agartala, Gangtok, Kohima and
Centre, H/No.71, GMC Road Aizwal.
Christian Basti, Guwahati – 781 005
7. Dy. Registrar
All Examination Centres in Kolkata, Darbhanga
Evaluation Centre
and Ranchi.
IGNOU Regional Centre
Bikash Bhavan, 4th Floor, North Block,
Bidhan Nagar (Salt Lake City)
Kolkata-700091.

52
 INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI-110068

APPLICATION FORM FOR RE-EVALUATION OF ANSWER SCRIPT

Name : .........................................................................................................................................................

Programme : ................................................................................................................................................

Enrolment No.

Address:......................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

PIN :

Month and Year of the Exam : ...................................................................................................................

Name of Exam Centre: ...............................................................................................................................

Centre Code : ..............................................................................................................................................

Course, in which COURSE CODE TITLE OF THE COURSE

Re-evaluation is sought .......................................... ..................................................
.......................................... ..................................................
.......................................... ..................................................
.......................................... ..................................................
Fee detail:
(The fee for Re-evaluation of answer script is Rs. 750/- per course, which is to be paid through
demand draft drawn in favour of ‘IGNOU’ & payable at the City of Evaluation Centre)

No. of Course(s): ………….…… × Rs. 750/- = Total Amount: ...........................

Demand Draft No. …………………. Date: ...…………........................

Issuing Bank: ..…………………………………………………………………......................

Date: ......................................................... Signature of the student

(P.T.O)
53
 RULES & REGULATION FOR RE-EVALUATION OFANSWER SCRIPTS
1) The request for re-evaluation by the student must be made before 31st March for December TEE
and 30th September for June TEE or within one month of declaration of results, whichever is later.
2) The date of declaration of result will be calculated from the date on which the result is placed on the
IGNOU website.
3) After re-evaluation, the better of the two scores of original marks/grade and marks/grade after re-
evaluation will be considered.
4) The revised marks/grade after re-evaluation shall be communicated to the student on receipt of re-
evaluation result and result of re-evaluation will also made available on the IGNOU website at
www.ignou.ac.in. The minimum time required for re-evaluation shall be 30 days from the date of
receipt of application.
5) Re-evaluation is permissible in TEE only and not in the Project/Dissertation Practicals/Lab courses,
Workshops, Assignments & Seminar etc.
6) On the top of the envelope containing the prescribed application form,
Please mention ‘APPLICATION FORM FOR RE-EVALUATION OF ANSWER SCRIPTS’
7) Application form must reach within the prescribed dates at the following address:-
Sl.No. Address of Evaluation Centre Jurisdiction of Evaluation Centre
1. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres within Delhi-1, Delhi-
Evaluation Centre 2, Delhi-3, All Schools and Divisions at Hqs.
Block-5, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi
New Delhi-110068
2. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Chennai,
Evaluation Centre, Periyar Thidal Hyderabad, Port Blair, Vijayawada,
No.50, EVK Sampath Road Trivandrum, Cochin, Bangalore, Madurai,
Vepery Chennai – 600 007 Panaji, Nagpur and Sub-RC Vatakara.
3. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Patna, Raipur,
Evaluation Centre Bhuvneshwar, Koraput, Siliguri and
IGNOU Regional Centre Raghunathganj.
2nd Floor, Biscomaun Tower
W. Gandhi Maidan, Patna -800 001
4. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Lucknow,
Evaluation Centre, IGNOU Regional Varanasi, Aligarh, Dehradun, Noida, Karnal,
Centre, B-1/33, Sector-H, Aliganj Chandigarh, Khanna, Shimla, Jammu and
Lucknow – 226 024 Srinagar,
5. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Pune, Ahmedabad,
Evaluation Centre, IGNOU Regional Bhopal, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Rajkot and Mumbai.
Centre, 1st Floor, MSFC Building
270, Senapati Bapat Road, Pune-411016
6. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Guwahati,
Evaluation Centre, IGNOU Regional Itanagar, Imphal, Shilong, Agartala, Gangtok,
Centre, H/No.71, GMC Road Kohima and Aizwal.
Christian Basti, Guwahati – 781 005
7. Dy. Registrar All Examination Centres in Kolkata,
Evaluation Centre Darbhanga and Ranchi.
IGNOU Regional Centre
Bikash Bhavan, 4th Floor, North Block,
Bidhan Nagar (Salt Lake City)
Kolkata-700091.

54
 INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
STUDENT EVALUATION DIVISION

APPLICATION FORM FOR IMPROVEMENT IN DIVISION/CLASS

(Rules & regulations are mentioned on the reverse side of this form. Please go through them carefully before
filling up the form).
Prescribed dates for submission of form: 1st to 30th April for June Term-end Exam.
1st to 31st October for December Term- end Exam.

1. Name: .......................................................................................................................................................

2. Programme: Enrolment No:

3. Address: ...................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................... Pin

4. Term-end examination, in which programme completed June and December ............................................

Total marks/Overall point grade obtained Percentage obtained
................................................................... .............................................................
(Please enclosed photocopy of the statement of marks/grades card)
5. Courses(s), in which COURSE CODE COURSE CODE
improvement is sought:
1. ———————————— 4. ————————————-—-
2. ———————————— 5. ——————————————
3. ————————————
6. Fee details:
(The fee for Improvement in Division/Class is Rs. 750/- per course, which is to be paid through demand
draft drawn in favour of IGNOU & payable at New Delhi)
No. of Course(s): ………….…… X Rs. 750/- = Total Amount: …..........................
Demand Draft No.: ………………………… Date: ……......................................
Issuing Bank: .……………………………………………………………………......................
7. Term-end examination, in which you wish to appear:- June/December……………………
8. Examination centre details, where you wish to appear in term-end examination:-
Exam. Centre Code………………. City/Town ..........................................................
.............................................................
UNDERTAKING
I hereby undertake that I shall abide by the rules & regulations prescribed by the University for improvement in
Division/Class
Date:............................. Signature…………………..
Place: ………………... Name:……………………...

55
 RULES & REGULATION FOR IMPROVEMENT IN DIVISION/CLASS

1. The improvement of marks/grades is applicable only for the Bachelor’s/Master’s Degree Programmes, who
have completed the programme. The eligibility is as under:-

a) The students of Bachelor’s/Master’s Degree Programmes who fall short of 2% marks to secure 2 nd and
1st division.
b) The students of Master’s Degree Programmes only, who fall short of 2% marks to secure overall 55%
marks.

2. Only one opportunity will be given to improve the marks/grade.

3. The improvement is permissible only in theory papers. No improvement is permissible in Practicals/Lab

courses, Projects, Workshops and Assignments etc.

4. Under the Provision of improvement, a maximum of 25% of the maximum credits required for successful
completion of a programme shall be permitted.

5. Students wishing to improve the marks will have to apply within six months from the date of issue of final
statement of marks/grade card to them, subject to the condition that their registration for the programme/
course being applied for improvement, is valid till the next term-end examination in which they wish to
appear for improvement.

6. No student will be permitted to improve if maximum duration to complete the programme, including the re-
admission period, has expired.

7. After appearing in the examination for improvement, better of the two examinations, i.e. marks/grade already
awarded and the marks/grade secured in the improvement examination will be considered.

8. In case of improvement, the month and year of completion of the programme will be changed to the Term-end
examination, in which students appeared for improvement.

9. Students will be permitted for improvement of marks/grades provided the examination for the particular
course, in which they wish to improve, is being conducted by the University at that time.

10. On the top of the envelope containing the prescribed application form, please mention “APPLICATION
FORM FOR IMPROVEMENT IN DIVISION/CLASS.

11. Application form must reach within the prescribed dates at the following address:-

The Registrar,
Student Evaluation Division,
Indira Gandhi National Open University,
Maidan Garhi,
New Delhi-110068

56
Information for Statistical Purpose, Students are required to fill-up thisAnnexure
Compulsorily

1. Name of Student : ............................................................................................................

2. Enrolment No.

3. Programme Code:

4. Category: (Cross (×) the appropriate Box only)

General SC ST OBC

5. Whether Kashmiri Migrant: (Cross (×) if applicable):

6. Whether Physically handicapped: (Cross (×) if applicable)

7. Whether minority: (Cross (×) if applicable)

8. Social Status: (Cross (×) if applicable Box only)

Ex-serviceman War-widow Not applicable

9. Employment Status : (Cross (×) if applicable Box only)

Unemployed Employed IGNOU Employee KVS Employee

10. Religion : (Cross (×) if applicable Box only)

Hindu Muslim Christian Sikh Jain Buddhist Parsi Jews Others

(please specify
)
11. Details of Scholarship being received, if any.

(a) Amount (Annually) (b) Govt./Deptt. (c) Family income (yearly)

Rs. Rs.

57
IGNOU POLICY FOR PREVENTION, PROHIBITION AND PUNISHMENT
OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT THE WORPLACE
IGNOU has adopted a policy for the prevention, prohibition and punishment of sexual harassment of women at
workplace in compliance to the directive of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India.
Information on this policy, rules and procedures can be accessed from the IGNOU website www.ignou.ac.in. Any
incident of sexual harassment may be reported to the Regional Director of the Regional Centre, you are attached
to or to any of the persons whose contact details are given in the following table.
I. IGNOU REGIONAL SERVICES DIVISION COMMITTEE AGAINST SEXUAL
HARASSMENT (RSDCASH)
1 Dr. Bini Toms, RSD, Chairperson RSDCASH 29572407/2505 [email protected]
2 Dr. G. Mythili, Dy. Director, STRIDE 29572604 [email protected]
3 Ms. Azra Arshad, Maintenance, Engineer EMPC 29573261 [email protected]
29532164
4 Ms. Neeru Sayal, EA, RSD 29572417 [email protected]
5 Dr. Radhika Menon, Asst. Professor,
Mata Sundari College (Delhi University)

II. IGNOU COMMITTEE AGAINST SEXUAL HARASSMENT (ICASH)

1 Prof. Uma Medury, Professor, SOSS, 29572741 [email protected]
Chairperson ICASH
2 Dr. Gurmeet Kaur, Associate Professor, SOL 29572984 [email protected]
3 Dr. Neera Singh, Associate Professor, SOH 29572790 [email protected]
4 Dr. Rakhi Sharma, Director, SOET 29572923 [email protected]
5 Ms. Renu Katyal, AR, SOA 29572977 [email protected]
6. Mr. P.T. Raveendran, AR, F & A 29571211 [email protected]
7. Ms. Rashmi Sarpal, PS, SOSS 29572702 [email protected]
8. Ms. Parineeta, Assistant, SOTHSM 29571751/1758 [email protected]
9. Dr. Neeraja Singh, Associate Professor
(in History), Satyawati College, DU, New Delhi
10 Dr. Bani Bora, Social & Development Research
and Action Group) SADRAG, Noida (U.P.)
11. Ms. Swati Pal-Ph. D. in Chemistry
III. IGNOU APEX COMMITTEE AGAINST SEXUAL HARASSMENT (ACASH)
1 Prof. Anju Sehgal Gupta, Professor, SOH 29532054 [email protected]
Chairperson ACASH
2 Ms. Kailash Saluja, AR, MPDD 29572006/2030 [email protected]
3 Ms. Gazala Parven, Prod. Asst. EMPC 29573366 [email protected]
4 Prof. Jyantika Dutta, Lady Irwin College
Regional Centre Committee against Sexual Harassment (RCCASH) has been constituted at each Regional Centre.
For Complaints please write to:
Address at IGNOU (Hqrs.):
Chairperson, RSDCASH, Regional Services Division, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New
Delhi-110 068
Email: [email protected]
OR
Address at your Regional Centre:
Chairperson, Regional Centre Committee against Sexual Harassment (RCCASH) (Address of your Regional Centre).
58
 Indira Gandhi National Open University
Student Satisfaction Survey
Kind Attention: All Past and Present Students of IGNOU!
Now you rank our Performance...
Dear Student,
As the largest distance education institution in the world. We have always endeavoured to imbibe values and
skills for the development of knowledge and competencies. And it is our belief that you as the former or present
student are the best person to judge how far we have succeeded in our efforts. To gain your invaluable impression,
we present here a short questionnaire. All you have to do is fill it and mail it back to us. You can also fill this
questionnaire online by logging on to www.ignou.ac.in. Your invaluable inputs shall guide us towards a direction
where we shall improve our services and evolve more student-friendly study programmes.
Vice-Chancellor, IGNOU.

Enrolment No. ............................................. Name .............................................................................................

Gender : M F Age Group : Below 30 31-40 41-50 Above 51
Programme of Study ..........................................................................................................................................
Year of Enrolment .......................................................... Year of Completion ...................................................
Regional Centre ......................................... State ................................... Study Centre ....................................
Please Indicate your satisfaction level by putting a tick mark on your choice.

Serial Questions Very Satisfied Average Dissatisfied Very

No. Satisfied Dissatisfied
1. Concepts are clearly explained in the
printed learning material
2. The learning materials were received
in time
3. Supplementary study material
(like video/audio) available
4. Academic counsellors explain the
concepts clearly
5. The counselling sessions were
interactive
6. Changes in the counselling schedule
were communicated to you on time
7. Examination procedures were clearly
given to you
8. Personnel in the study centres are helpful
9. Academic counselling sessions are well
organised
10. Guidance from the Programme Coordinators
and Teachers from the School0
11. Assignments are returned in time
12. Feedback on the assignments helped in
clarifying the concepts
13. Project proposals are clearly marked and
discussed
14. Studying in this programme provided the
knowledge of the subject
15. Results and grade card of the examination
were provided on time
16. Overall, I am satisfied with the programme

After filling cut out this questionnaire and mail it to:

STRIDE, Block-14, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110 068

59
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
11.FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION (FAQS)
__________________________________________________________________________________

REGISTRATION & COMPLETION OF THE COURSE

Is there any specific advantage in completing my programme within the minimum period
allowed?
It will give you a sense of achievement to complete the programmes in the minimum period. Further,
for Gold Medal in a programme only those students who qualify in the minimum period are
considered. It is therefore advisable to complete your programme in the minimum period unless you
have serious reasons inhibiting you from doing so.

Can I complete the programme in more than the minimum period of two years?
Yes. If your schedule is such that you need more time to complete your programme, the system
permits it. For your M. A. (Economics) (MEC) programme, it is 5 years. This is 4 years plus one
year which is the extended year.

If I cannot complete my MEC programme in 5 years, is there any way of completing my

programme with more time?
You can seek fresh admission whereupon you will get 4 more years. You must check the procedure
for fresh admission. You will find the answer to this both in our Common Prospectus (which you can
freely download from our website) and also elsewhere in this Programme Guide.

What is re-registration? Why is it needed?

A number of learners, for some reason, cannot appear for all or any of the first year papers. The ODL
system allows them to continue their programme despite this. For this reason, re-registration is
compulsory irrespective of your having cleared or appeared in the first or previous year’s courses. It
tells the university that the learner is active.

COURSE MATERIAL & COUNSELLING SESSIONS

I have successfully registered some days back but have not yet heard anything from any division
in IGNOU. When will I receive my Course Material?
It usually takes up to 8 weeks for MPDD, IGNOU to dispatch and for you to receive course material.
Meanwhile, you can visit eGyankosh on our website (www.ignou.ac.in). Following the path:
eGyankosh – IGNOU Self Study Material (SLM) – School of Social Sciences (SOSS) – Levels –
Masters Degree Programmes –Current – Master of Arts (Economics) (MEC) – 1 st Year/Programme
Guide you can download the Programme Guide and also course material. Begin your studies with the
Programme Guide. You can then start off with the soft material of any one course of your liking.
You will soon be receiving your material by post.

What are Counselling Sessions?

Counselling sessions are held in Study Centres. You must read your course material and write down
your specific questions. You can pose these questions to your counsellor in the counselling session.

In what way attending counselling sessions are useful?

60
There are multiple ways in which you can benefit by attending counselling sessions. You can clear
your doubts by asking the counsellor. You can interact and discuss with your classmates and take
advantage of peer learning. In some cases, students are able to build their network through these
sessions.

Is attending counselling sessions compulsory?

Attending counselling sessions is voluntary and not compulsory.

ASSIGNMENTS
What are ‘assignments’?
Assignments are an important pre-requisite for you to appear in the TEE. For appearing in TEE,
submission of assignments is a must.

From where do I access the assignments?

All the assignments are available at the university website. The required assignments need to be
downloaded by the learners.

Where exactly will I find the assignments on the university website?

The path for reaching the assignments page on the website is: Go to IGNOU website – Go to Student
Support – Go to Downloads – Go to Assignments – Go to the link of the MA (Economics). From
here, you must select the relevant year of your admission i.e. registration/re-registration cycle.

Is there any validity of a given assignment which is on the website?

Yes, on the top of each assignment, instruction to submit and validity of the assignments is printed.
For instance, you will find it written like this: for students appearing in the TEE of June 2023, the last
date for submission of assignments is April 2023. Likewise, for students appearing in the TEE of
December 2023, the last date for submitting assignments is the 31 st of October 2023. In most cases,
assignments for July and December exams are the same. You must read the instructions given on the
assignments carefully.

Where should I submit the assignments?

You must submit them at your SC.

When to submit the assignments at SC?

It is important for you to submit them early enough without waiting till the last moment.

What is the weightage of assignments in my final score?

Assignments carry 30% weightage in your final results. Rest 70 % will be from your TEE score.

Do I need to keep a copy of my assignment after submitting them to the SC?

In the various formats prescribed, for assignments submission, there is a ‘Assignment Remittance
Cum Acknowledgment Form’. If you submit offline, you can obtain this acknowledgment. You can
also submit assignments online. It is always advisable to retain a copy of submitted assignment with
you as proof of having submitted your assignment.

Can assignments be typed? Or, do they have to be necessarily hand written?

All assignments need to be handwritten.

What happens if I submit a wrong assignment?

61
Wrong assignment will not be evaluated by the counsellors. In such cases, your Grade Card will not
be prepared. For this reason, you must carefully look at the assignment before attempting it.

If I miss a TEE for some reason, are the marks awarded for my assignments valid for future
exams?
Yes, assignment marks are valid for future TEEs.

If I did not submit assignment and want to appear in TEE next year then which assignment
should I submit next year?

If you have not submitted assignment, then attempt and submit the assignment of next year. You will
find that assignment on the university website. For example, you did not submit assignment in 2021
and did not appear for TEE in 2021. Then you wish to appear for TEE in 2022. You need to submit
assignments for the year 2022 and not 2021.

CREDIT TRANSFER

What is Credit Transfer? How is this helpful?

If you have sought re-admission, the credit earned by you during your first registration validity period,
will be transferred. You would have to complete the programme by preparing for only the left-over
courses.

EXAMINATION & EVALUATION

When should I fill up the exam form for June/January TEE?

For TEE in June, submission of Exam Forms, without late fee, is from 1 st February to 31st March.
Thereafter, up to 28th May, you can submit Exam Forms with Late Fee. Likewise, for December TEE,
the time period for submitting forms without Late Fee is from 1st August to 30th September. For more
details, you must visit university website.

How to procure my admit card or hall ticket?

For appearing in the TEE, you must download your hall ticket or admit card from the university
website and you must complete the formalities printed on the Admit Card well in time.

How will I get to know about my exam centre?

Your exam centre will be printed on your admit card.

How can I apply for re-evaluation? Is there any fee to be paid for the same?
Yes, you can apply for re-evaluation. In your Programme Guide, you can see a form prescribed for
applying for this.

Can I appear again for improving my score in one/few courses?

Yes. But this is allowed only for improving your score if you fall short of 2% marks to secure 2 nd and
1st division. This is also allowed for those who fall short of 2% marks to secure overall 55% marks in
M. A. programmes.

Do I have to prepare and appear in all the courses of a particular year of a programme?
You can choose to appear in as many papers or courses as is convenient to you.

How do I procure the Migration Certificate?

62
There is a form prescribed. You can find the details in the Common Prospectus which you can
download from our website.

I need transcripts to apply for further education in a foreign university. What is the procedure?
Please check the university website. You need to fill a form and provide a demand draft as per the
procedure provided on the website.

PROJECT MECP 101

Is MECP 101 a core course?

No, MECP 101 is an elective course. You have an option of not choosing it.

How do I get guidance about a project to be done under MECP 101?

Refer the section for steps involved in project preparation and submission which are provided in this
programme guide.

Who will be my project supervisor?

The academic counsellors at SC will be your project supervisor. You may approach one of them and
discuss with them.

Is submitting project proposal compulsory?

Yes, a project proposal or synopsis is necessary to be submitted. Once it is accepted then you shall
start working on your project.

How do I prepare the project proposal?

Discuss your project idea with your project supervisor. Refer the section on project guidelines in this
programme guide for the guidelines. There is also a Project Guide on university website. The Project
Guide is on the bottom left-hand side of the Assignments page on the website.

Do I send my project proposal to the SC for approval?

No

Where to send my project proposal for approval?

You must send the project proposal for approval from the faculty in Headquarters, Delhi i.e., to
IGNOU Maidan Garhi.

What do I do if I receive my proposal back with comments?

You need to resolve those comments as per the feedback provided on your proposal and resubmit the
proposal for approval.

Do I need to attach the CV of my project supervisor, along with the project proposal?
Yes, you need to send the CV of your supervisor along with the proposal. The supervisor will be
approved based on that CV.

ELECTIVES

How to choose electives?

If you are confident of your mathematical competence, you must select MECE 001/101 on
Econometrics. The same applies for the course MECE 003/103.

63
Do I need to choose MGSE 009 and MWG 011 together? Why?

Yes. This is because you have to complete 12 credits from your two electives. MGSE 009 is of 4
credits and MWG 011 is of 8 credits. Hence, by selecting these two courses you will complete the
required 12 credits. You can also select MEDSE 046 instead of MWG 011.

Can we change electives? How?

Yes, you can change electives. You have to go through a process which generally takes time. For this
reason, it is better if you choose your elective courses carefully at the first instance. However, if you
do have to change courses, you can mail the Programme Coordinator with details. You will get the
help required.

How do I get my other queries answered?

The above questions are illustrative. For any other question, please write to the concerned division.
The e-mail IDs of different divisions are provided in this Programme Guide. Where emails are not
attended to and replied for several days (10-15), you can forward the copy of mail sent by you to the
email IDs [email protected] and [email protected]

64