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Determination of Z - Factor, Lab2

Petroleum labs

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mohsin abro
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25 views3 pages

Determination of Z - Factor, Lab2

Petroleum labs

Uploaded by

mohsin abro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Objective

Determination of Z -factor in different cases .and to know the valves of real gases
at high pressure and temperature.

Theory :
The compressibility factor (Z), also known as the compression factor or the gas
deviation factor, is a correction factor which describes the deviation of a real gas
from ideal gas behavior. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a
gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure .

REAL Gases :
At low pressures and relatively high temperatures, the volume of most gases is so
large that the volume of the molecules themselves may be neglected. Also, the
distance between molecules is so great that the presence of even fairly strong
attractive or repulsive forces is not sufficient to affect the behavior in the gas
state. However, as the pressure is increased, the total volume occupied by the gas
becomes small enough that the volume of the molecules themselves is
appreciable and must be considered. Also, under these conditions, the distance
between the molecules is decreased to the point at which the attractive or
repulsive forces between the molecules become important. This behavior negates
the assumptions required for ideal gas behavior, and serious errors are
observed when comparing experimental volumes to those calculated with the
ideal gas law. Consequently, a real gas law was formulated (in terms of a
correction to the ideal gas law) by use of a proportionality term.
In dealing with gases at a very low pressure, the ideal gas relationship is generally
satisfactory tool. At higher pressures, the use of the ideal gas equation-of-state
may lead to errors as great as 500%, as compared to errors of 2–3% at
atmospheric pressure. Real gases behave differently than ideal gases. The reason
for this is that the perfect gas law was derived under the assumption that the
volume of molecules is insignificant and that no molecular attraction or repulsion
exists between them. This is not the case for real gases.
Pv = nRT………………………….1
In order to express a more exact relationship between the variables p, V, and T, a
correction factor called the gas compressibility factor, gas deviation factor, or
simply the z-factor, must be introduced into Equation 1
PV= znRT……………………………………….2
Where the gas compressibility factor z is a dimensionless quantity and is defined
as the ratio of the actual volume of n-moles of gas at T and p to the ideal volume
of the same number of moles at the same T and p
z= V actual / V ideal
The following two dimensionless properties must be considered in order to
determine the gas compressibility factor
• Pseudo-reduced pressure
• Pseudo-reduced temperature
These dimensionless terms are defined by the following terminologies
Ppr= P/Ppc
Tpr = T/Tpc
Where
p = system pressure, psia
ppr = pseudo-reduced pressure, dimensionless
T = system temperature, °R
Tpr = pseudo-reduced temperature, dimensionless
ppc, Tpc = pseudo-critical pressure and temperature respectively
Example
What volume will 100 lb of gas occupy at
P= 3000 psig,
T = 170 F ,
M= 22.1 lb
Ppc= 664 psia
Tpc = 409 R
Solution
V = znRT/p
Step
n= 100/22.1 =4.52 (lb)
T= 460 +170 = 630 R
P= 3000 + 14.7 psia
R = 10.73
Step
Ppr = p/Ppc = 3015/664 = 4.54
Tpr = T /Tpc = 630/409 = 1.54
Z = 0.81
V = (0.81)(4.52)(10.7)(630)/3015 = 8.2 ft3

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