KMTC /QP-08/EPS

KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE

FACULTY OF REHABILITATIVE SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF ORTHOPAEDIC TECHNOLOGY

FINAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION

FOR
DIPLOMA IN ORTHOPAEDIC TECHNOLOGY

PAPER: BIOMECHANICS

DATE: ………………… TIME: 3 HOURS ( )

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This paper consists of:

 Section 1 (40 Multiple Choice Questions)
 Section 2 (8 Short Answer Questions)
 Section 3 (1 Long Answer Question)

2. Attempt ALL Questions

3. Write the EXAMINATION NUMBER given on all the answer sheets provided and on the
question paper.

4. Ensure that all examination answer scripts are handed in at the end of the examination

5. Ensure you sign the examination register provided

EXAMINATION NUMBER ………………………………………………………………

 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

SECTION A

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS(40 marks)

1) Collection of fluid into the soft tissue is:-

a. Sinus
b. Edema
c. Boil
d. Viscous

2) Mid-stance Phase is;

a) Best observed side-ways
b) Best observed from rear
c) Best on mid-swing
d) None of the above

3) Compensation treatment method in Orthopaedic is achieved on:

a) Prosthetics
b) Orthotics
c) Both
d) On the above elbow
4) Theoretically, the use of side-joint and thigh corset on BK – prosthesis
the knee-joint is assumed:-

a) Multi-axial
b) Di-centric
c) Polycentric
d) Mono-centric

5) A prosthetic foot rotation at heel strike is due to:-

a) Soft heel cushion
b) Patient habit
c) Socket angulation
d) Hard heel cushion
6) The Amputation is caused by:
a) Cosmetic, disease and injury

b) Disease, accident and congenital

c) Injury, accident and disease
d) injury and the accident
7) An outward curve taken by an AK-prosthesis during swing phase interval on a lower limb is
due to ;-
 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

a) Contra-lateral limb longer

b) Contra-lateral limb shorter
c) Circum-duction
d) Warbling
8) The extended Thomas heel replace:-
a) The shoe heel
b) The posterior height
c) The arch support insoles
d) Give raise to a longitudinal medial arch.

9) . Due to the natural torsion of the tibia, the axis of the ankle joint is
rotated externally about :-
a) 5-7 degrees
b) 10 – 15 degrees
c) 20 – 30 degrees
d) 10 -40 degrees
10) Three types of fiction used in knee joint of trans femoral prosthesis
except: -

a) Mechanical
b) Pneumatic
c) Hydraulic
d) Polycentric

11) Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease affecting; -

a. Joints
b. Bones
c. Muscles
d. Patients
12) A very ugly leg with good function, is amputated for the reason of;-
a. Weight bearing
b. Cosmetic
c. Shortening
d. Vaulting
13) A model of weight bearing
a. Custom shoe last
b. An out-flare shoe last
c. A regular shoe last
d. An in-flare shoe last
14) The reverse Thomas heel is an indication of;-
a. A lateral longitudinal drop of an arch-support
b. Medial arch support
 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

c. Transverse arch-support
d. Subtalar – eversion
15) The rocker bar facilitates walking mostly on;-
a. Polio boot
b. Prosthesis
c. Plaster cast
d. Compensated orthotics
16) The secondary curve of the spine is;-
a. Lordosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Scoliosis
d. Spondylolisthesis
17) With shoes the portion between the ball and the anterior border of the heel is the;-
a. Shank area
b. Ball of the foot
c. Shank piece
d. vamp
18) Shoes serve for;-
a) Footwear to minimize pressure on sensitive deformed structures
b) Function and cosmetic
c) Protection and healing device
d) Dance

19) Mid-sagittal plane.

a) The sagittal

b) The median

c) The frontal

b) The frontal

20) A sinusoidal curve trail generated imaginary by the Centre of gravity during normal human
locomotion is due to;-
a. Knee flexion
b. Pelvic dip
c. Torso
 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

d. Lordosis
21) Leveling off the iliac spines results as a means of ;-
a. Keeping leg straight
b. Replacing a lost part of a body
c. Compensation in orthotics
d. The rate of normal walking
22) Limits of the joint range depends on ;-
a. Bone shape
b. Position
c. Flesh contact
d. Type
23) Group of muscles performing knee extension; -
a. Hamstrings
b. Calf
c. Extensor medially
d. Quadriceps
24) Varus deformity on the hip joint;-
a. Coxa-valga
b. Coxa-vara
c. Genu-valga
d. Genu-vara
25) The adjustable, rigid, supporting member (usually tuber)whose proximal end is attached to
the socket and whose distal is attached to the foot ankle assembly on early prosthetic
management is called the…………….
a. Modular
b. Pylon
c. Pipe
d. Prosthesis
26) The geometric arrangements of the prosthetic orthotics components is;-
a. Progression
b. Alignment
c. Organization
d. weight line
27) the COG in normal human locomotion is in amplitude when;-
a. on double support phase
b. weight acceptance
c. single support phase
d. push off phase
28) flexible spinal orthoses
a. brace
 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

b. belt
c. band
d. stays
29) the relative inclination of a supporting surface of the socket greatly influences the;-
a. height of a prosthesis
b. comfort of the amputee’s gait
c. ground clearance
d. cadence
30) Gait
a. The style of walking
b. Stance phase and double support
c. Double support and stance phase
d. Double support and stance phase
31)
32) Leveling off the iliac spines results as a means of;-
a. Keeping leg straight
b. Replacing a lost part of a body
c. Compensation in orthotics
d. The rate of normal walking
33) Limits of the joint range depends on;-
a. Bone shape
b. Position
c. Flesh contact
d. Type
34) Group of muscles performing knee extension; -
a. Hamstrings
b. Calf
c. Extensor medially
d. Quadriceps
35) Varus deformity on the hip joint;-
a. Coxa-valga
b. Coxa-vara
c. Genu-valga
d. Genu-vara
36) The adjustable, rigid, supporting member (usually tuber)whose proximal end is attached to
the socket and whose distal is attached to the foot ankle assembly on early prosthetic
management is called the…………….
a. Modular
b. Pylon
c. Pipe
d. Prosthesis
 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

37) The geometric arrangements of the prosthetic orthotics components is;-

a. Progression
b. Alignment
c. Organization
d. weight line
38) the COG in normal human locomotion is in amplitude when;-
a. on double support phase
b. weight acceptance
c. single support phase
d. push off phase
39) flexible spinal orthoses
a. brace
b. belt
c. band
d. stays
40) the relative inclination of a supporting surface of the socket greatly influences the;-
a. height of a prosthesis
b. comfort of the amputee’s gait
c. ground clearance
d. cadence

SECTION TWO : SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (40 MKS)

1) five reasons for early prosthetic management; - (5 marks)

a. …………………………….
b. ……………………………..
c. …………………………………
d. ……………………………….
e. …………………………………
2) List the five muscles responsible for knee extension; - (5 marks)
a. ………………………………..
b. ……………………………………..
c. ……………………………………
d. ……………………………………….
e. ………………………………………….
3) List the three types of normal HUMAN anatomical joints and one abnormal one;- give each
one an example.(8 marks)
a. …………………………………….
i. …………………………..
b. ………………………………………………
i. ………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………
 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

i. ………………………………………
d. …………………………………………………
i. ……………………………………….
4) List the seven factors a prosthetist must know when assessing the amputee on BK-
prosthesis (7 marks)
a. …………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………
d. …………………………………………………….
e. ………………………………………………….
f. …………………………………………………….
g. …………………………………………………….
5) List the three abnormal curves of the spine; - (3 marks)
a. ……………………………………
b. …………………………………..
c. ………………………………………
6) …………………… in BK prosthesis is a result of relative loading to provide larger area of
surface contact to stump-socket containment. (1 mark)
7) …………………… thrust on BK prosthesis is corrected by out-setting. (1mark)
8) …………………… is a gait resulting due to walking with equinus foot to adjust a level center of
gravity. (1 mark)
9) ………………….. refers to lateral curves of the spine. (1mark)
10) …………………… number of steps in a minute. (1 mark)
11) ……………………… for suspending BK prosthesis are placed at posterior 2/3 (thirds) of the
antero-posterior diameter of the knee joint in order to control the prosthetic heel-off
phase.
12) ……………………… joint is the largest of all the human body joints.
13) ……………………... controlled knee joint is not dependent on the friction created as surfaces
slide against one another.
14) ……………………… is the surface contact between socket wall and stump.
15) ……………………... is a determinant of comfort.
16) ……………………… is a method of transferring painful points of the foot to pain-free areas.
17) …………………….. side during swing phase of normal gait the pelvic tends to drop.

SECTION THREE : (20 marksa)

 KMTC /QP-08/EPS

LONGBANSWER QUESTION (20 MARKS)

1) Detailed alignment of BK prosthesis; -

a. Antero posterior
b. Medio laterally
c. Draw a labelled diagram showing the above.