Dr Oliver

Dr Oliver Mathematics
Mathematics
Further Pure Mathematics
Hyperbolic Equations
Past Examination Questions
This booklet consists of 57 questions across a variety of examination topics.
Dr Oliver
The total number of marks available is 422.

1. Using the definitions of cosh x and sinh x in terms of exponentials,

Mathematics
(a) prove that cosh2 x ´ sinh2 x ” 1, (3)
(b) solve (4)
cosech x ´ 2 coth x “ 2,
giving your answers in the form k ln a, where k and a are integers.
Dr Oliver
2. Given that y “ sinhn´1 x cosh x,
dy
“ pn ´ 1q sinhn´2 x ` n sinhn x.
(a) show that
dx Mathematics
The integral In is defined by
(3)

ż arsinh 1
In “ sinhn x dx, n ě 0.
0

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(b) Using the result in part (a), or otherwise, show that (2)

Mathematics ?
nIn “ 2 ´ pn ´ 1qIn´2 n ě 2.

(c) Hence find the value of I4 . (4)

3. (a) Show that, for x “ ln k, where k is a positive constant, (3)

Dr Oliver cosh 2x “
k4 ` 1
.
2k 2
Mathematics
Given that fpxq “ px ´ tanh 2x, where p is a constant,
(b) find the value of p for which fpxq has a stationary value at x “ ln 2, giving your (4)
answer as an exact fraction.

Dr Oliver
4. Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation

y “ x arcosh x, 1 ď x ď 2.
Mathematics
 Dr Oliver y

Mathematics

Dr Oliver
O 1
R
2 x

Mathematics
Figure 1: y “ x arcosh x

The region R, as shown shaded in the figure, is bounded by the curve, the x-axis, and
the x “ 2. Show that the area of R is

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7
4
lnp2 `
?
3q ´
?
2
3
.

Mathematics
5. (a) Show that, for 0 ă x ď 1,
ˆ ? ˙ ˆ ? ˙
(3)

1 ´ 1 ´ x2 1 ` 1 ´ x2
ln “ ´ ln .
x x

Dr Oliver
(b) Using the definitions of cosh x or sech x in terms of exponentials, for 0 ă x ď 1,
ˆ ?
1 ` 1 ´ x2
˙
(5)

arsech x “ ln .
Mathematics x

(c) Solve the equation (5)

3 tanh2 x ´ 4 sech x ` 1 “ 0,
giving your answers in terms of natural logarithms.

6. Evaluate Dr Oliver
ż4
1
? dx,
Mathematics
1 x2 ´ 2x ` 17
giving your answer as an exact logarthim.

7. (a) Using the definitions of cosh x in terms of exponentials, prove that (3)

4 cosh3 x ´ 3 cosh x ” cosh 3x.

Dr Oliver
Mathematics 2
 Dr Oliver
(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation (4)

Mathematics cosh 3x “ 5 cosh x,

giving your answer as natural logarithms.

?
8. (a) Show that artanhpsin π4 q “ lnp1 ` 2q. (3)
dy
Dr Oliver
(b) Given that y “ artanhpsin xq, show that
żπ
4
dx
“ sec x. (2)

(c) Find the exact value of sin x artanhpsin xq dx. (5)

Mathematics
0

9. Find the values of x for which (6)

5 cosh x ´ 2 sinh x “ 11,

giving your answer as natural logarithms.

10. The curve with equation

Dr Oliver
y “ ´x ` tanh 4x, x ě 0,
Mathematics
has a maximum turning point A.
(a) Find, in exact logarithmic form, the x-coordinate of A. (4)
? ? (
(b) Show that the y-coordinate of A is 41 2 3 ´ lnp2 ` 3q . (3)

11. Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve with equation (10)

Dr Oliver y “ x2 arsinh x.

Mathematicsy

Dr Oliver R
O 3 x
Mathematics
Figure 2: y “ x2 arsinh x

The region R, as shown shaded in the figure, is bounded by the curve, the x-axis, and
the x “ 3. Show that the area of R is
Dr Oliver? ?
9 lnp3 ` 10q ´ 19 p2 ` 7 10q.

Mathematics 3
12.
Dr Oliver ż
In “ xn cosh x dx, n ě 0.

(a) Show that, for n ě 2,

Mathematics (4)
In “ xn sinh x ´ nxn´1 cosh x ` npn ´ 1qIn´2 .

(b) Hence show that (5)

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I4 “ fpxq sinh x ` gpxq cosh x ` c,
where fpxq and gpxq are functions of x to be found, and c is an arbitrary constant.

Mathematics
(c) Find the exact value of
ż1
x4 cosh x dx, given your answer in terms of e.
0
(3)
ż3
1
13. Evaluate ? dx, giving your answer as a natural logarithm. (5)
1 x2 ` 4x ´ 5

Dr Oliver
14. (a) Using the definitions of cosh x and sinh x in terms of exponentials, prove that
coshpA ´ Bq ” cosh A cosh B ´ sinh A sinh B.
(3)

Mathematics
(b) Hence, or otherwise, given that coshpx ´ 1q “ sinh x, show that (4)
e2 `1
tanh x “ .
e2 `2 e ´1

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15. Figure 3 shows a sketch of the curve with equation
?
y “ arsinh x, x ě 0.
(10)

Mathematics
y

R
Dr Oliver x
O 4
Mathematics ?
Figure 3: y “ arsinh x

The region R, as shown shaded in the figure, is bounded by the curve, the x-axis, and
the x “ 4. Using the substitution x “ sinh2 θ, or otherwise, show that the area of R is

Dr Oliver ?
k lnp2 ` 5q ´ 5,
?

where k is a constant to be found.

Mathematics 4
16. Show that
Dr Oliver (4)
d
Mathematics
dx
rlnptanh xqs “ 2 cosech 2x, x ą 0.

17. Find the values of x for which (6)

8 cosh x ´ 4 sinh x “ 13,

Dr Oliver
giving your answers as a natural logarithms.

18. Show that ? ˙ (7)

ż6

5
Mathematics
?
3`x
x2 ´ 9
dx “ 3 ln
ˆ
2` 3
3
?
` 3 3 ´ 4.

3
19. The
? curve C has equation y “ arsinhpx q, x ě 0. The point P on C has x-coordinate (5)
2. Show that an equation of the tangent to C at P is

Dr Oliver ? ?
y “ 2x ´ 2 2 ` lnp3 ` 2 2q.

Mathematics
20. Figure 4 shows a sketch of the curve with equation
1
y“ 10
cosh x arctanpsinh xq, x ě 0.

y
Dr Oliver
Mathematics R
O 2 x

1
Figure 4: y “ cosh x arctanpsinh xq
Dr Oliver 10

The region R, as shown shaded in the figure, is bounded by the curve, the x-axis, and
the x “ 2. ż Mathematics
(a) Find cosh x arctanpsinh xq dx. (5)

(b) Hence show that, to 2 significant figures, the area of R is 0.34. (2)

that Dr Oliver
21. (a) Starting from the definitions of cosh x and sinh x in terms of exponentials, prove

sinh 2x ” 2 sinh x cosh x.

(2)

Mathematics 5
 Dr Oliver
(b) Hence find the exact values of x for which (7)

Mathematics
sinh 2x “ 6 sinh2 x ` 7 sinh x.

22. The curve C, with equation y “ cosh 3x´4x, has a minimum point, as shown in Figure 5.

Dr Oliver
Mathematics
R
O x
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Figure 5: y “ cosh 3x ´ 4x

logarithm.
Mathematics
(a) Use calculus to find the x-coordinate of A. Give your answer in terms of natural (5)

The region R, as shown shaded in the figure, is bounded by the curve, the x-axis, the
y-axis, and the line through A parallel to the y-axis.

Dr Oliver
(b) Show that the area of R is 29 r2 ´ pln 3q2 s.
a
(6)

23. (a) Using the substitution x “ , or otherwise, find (6)

Mathematics
u
ż
1
? dx.
x a ´ x2
2

(b) Hence find (5)

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ż4
1
?
2
dx,
3 x 25 ´ x
giving your answer in the form a ln b, where a and b are rational numbers.

24. Solve the equation

Mathematics (5)
7 sech x ´ tanh x “ 5.
Give your answers in the form ln a where a is a rational number.
?

(a) find
Dr Oliver
25. Given that y “ arsinhp xq, x ą 0,
dy
, giving your answer as a simplified fraction. (3)
dx
Mathematics 6
 Dr Oliver
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find ż4 (6)
1
Mathematics 1
4
xpx
´ ? ¯
a
` 1q
dx,

giving your answer in the form ln a`b2 5 , where a and b are integers.

26. ż1?

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R “ 10π 16 c2 θ ` 9 dc, where c “ cos θ.
0

Using the substitution cos θ “ 43 sinh u, or otherwise, evaluate the integral, showing all
Mathematics
of your working and giving the final answer to 3 significant figures.

27. (a) Starting from the definitions of cosh x and sinh x in terms of exponentials, prove (3)
that
cosh 2x ” 1 ` 2 sinh2 x.

(b) Solve the equation

Dr Oliver cosh 2x ´ 3 sinh x “ 15,
(5)

Mathematics
giving your answers as exact logarithms.

28. Given that y “ parcosh 3xq2 , where 3x ą 1, show that

ˆ ˙2
2 dy
(a) p9x ´ 1q “ 36y, (5)
dx
d2 y
2
(b) p9x ´ 1q 2 ` 9x
dx
dy
dx Dr Oliver
“ 18. (4)

29. Given that y “ arctanp3 e2x q, show that (5)

Mathematics
dy
“
3
.
dx 5 cosh 2x ` 4 sinh 2x

30. Show that (4)

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ż8
1 ?
?
2
dx “ lnpA ` nq,
5 x ´ 10x ` 34
giving the values of the integers A and n.
Mathematics
31. The curve C1 has equation y “ 3 sinh 2x and the curve C2 has equation y “ 13 ´ 3 e2x .
(a) Sketch the graphs of the curves C1 and C2 on one set of axes, giving the equation (4)
of any asymptote and the coordinates of points where the curves cross the axes.
(b) Solve the equation (5)
Dr Oliver 3 sinh 2x “ 13 ´ 3 e2x ,
1
giving your answer in the form 2
ln k, where k is an integer.
Mathematics 7
 Dr Oliver
32. The hyperbola H has equation
x2 y 2
Mathematicsa2
´ 2 “ 1.
b
(a) Use calculus to show that the equation of the tangent to H at the point pa cosh θ, b sinh θq (4)
may be written in the form

xb cosh θ ´ ya sinh θ “ ab.

Dr Oliver
The line l1 is the tangent to H at the point pa cosh θ, b sinh θq, θ ‰ 0. Given that l1 meets

Mathematics
the x-axis at the point P ,
(b) find, in terms of a and θ, the coordinates of P . (2)

The line l2 is the tangent to H at the point pa, 0q. Given that l1 and l2 meets the at the
point Q,
(c) find, in terms of a, b, and θ, the coordinates of Q. (2)
Dr Oliver
(d) Show that, as θ varies, the locus of the midpoint of P Q has equation (6)

Mathematics xp4y 2 ` b2 q “ ab2 .

33. The curve C, as shown in Figure 6, has equation (6)

y “ 13 cosh 3x, 0 ď x ď ln a,

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where a is a constant and a ą 1.

Mathematics
y

O ln a x

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Figure 6: y “ 31 cosh 3x

Mathematics
Using calculus, show that the length of curve C is
ˆ ˙
3 1
k a ´ 3
a

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and state the value of the constant k.

34. (a) Differentiate x arsinh 2x with respect to x. (3)

Mathematics 8
 Dr Oliver
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact value of (7)

Mathematics ż ?2

0
x arsinh 2x dx,

giving your answer in the form A ln B ` C, where A, B, C are real numbers.

35.
Dr Oliver
fpxq “ 5 cosh x ´ 4 sinh x.
(a) Show that fpxq “ 12 pex `9 e´x q. (2)

Hence Mathematics
(b) solve fpxq “ 5, (4)
(c) show that (5)
ż ln 3
1 π

Dr Oliver
1
2
ln 3 5 cosh x ´ 4 sinh x
dx “ 18
.

36. (a) Find

Mathematics ż
?
1
dx.
(2)

4x2 ` 9
(b) Use your answer to part (a) to find the exact value of (3)
ż3
Dr Oliver ´3
?
1
4x2 ` 9
dx,

?
Mathematics
giving your answer in the form k lnpa ` b 5, where a and b are integers and k is a
constant.

37. The curve with parametric equations (7)

x “ cosh 2θ, y “ 4 sinh θ, 0 ď θ ď 1,

Dr Oliver
is rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis. Show that the area of of the surface
generated is λpcosh3 1 ´ 1q, where λ is a constant to be found.
Mathematics
38. Figure 7 shows a sketch of the curve with equation (7)

y “ 40 arcosh x ´ 9x, x ě 1.

Dr Oliver
Mathematics 9
 y Dr Oliver
Mathematics

Dr Oliver
O Mathematics x

Figure 7: y “ 40 arcosh x ´ 9x

p
Dr Oliver
Use calculus to find´the exact coordinates
¯ of the turning point of the curve, giving your
answer in the form q , r ln 3 ` s , where p, q, r, and s are integers.

Mathematics
39. Figure 8 shows a sketch of the curve with equations

y “ 6 cosh x and y “ 9 ´ 2 sinh x.

Dr Oliver y

Mathematics

Dr Oliver O x

Figure 8: y “ 6 cosh x and y “ 9 ´ 2 sinh x

Mathematics
(a) Using the definitions of sinh x and cosh x in terms of ex , find exact values for the (6)
x-coordinates of the two points where the curves intersect.

The finite region between the two curves is shown shaded in the figure.

Dr Oliver
(b) Using calculus, find the area of the shaded region, giving your answer in the form
a ln b ` c, where a, b, and c are integers.
(6)

Mathematics 10
 Dr Oliver
40. The curve C, shown in Figure 9, has equation

Mathematics 1
y “ 2x 2 , 1 ď x ď 8.

Dr Oliver
Mathematics

O 1
Dr Oliver 1
8 x

Figure 9: y “ 2x 2
Mathematics
(a) Show that the length s of the curve C is given by the equation (2)
ż8c
1
s“ 1 ` dx.
1 x
Dr Oliver
(b) Using the substitution x “ 2
? sinh u, or ?
otherwise, find an exact value for s. Give (9)
your answer in the form a 2 ` lnpb ` c 2q, where a, b, and c are integers.
Mathematics
41. Using calculus, find the exact value of
ż2
1
(a) ?
2
dx, (4)
1 x ´ 2x ` 3
ż1
(b)
0
e2x sinh x dx.
Dr Oliver (4)

42. Using the definitions of hyperbolic functions in terms of exponentials,

(a) show that Mathematics 2
sech x ” 1 ´ tanh x, 2
(3)

(b) solve the equation (4)

4 sinh x ´ 3 cosh x “ 3.

43. Given that y “ artanh ?

x Dr Oliver
, show that
dy
“?
1
.
1`x 2 dx 1 ` x2
Mathematics 11
44. Solve the equation
Dr Oliver
5 tanh x ` 7 “ 5 sech x.
Mathematics
Give each answer in the form ln k where k is a rational number.

45.
9x2 ` 6x ` 5 ” apx ` bq2 ` c.
(a) Find the values of the constants a, b, and c. (3)

Hence, or otherwise, find

Dr Oliver
Mathematics
ż
1
(b) 2
dx, (2)
9x ` 6x ` 5
ż
1
(c) ? dx. (2)
9x2 ` 6x ` 5
46. The curve C has equation y “ 12 lnpcoth xq, x ą 0.

(a) Show that

dy
dx
Dr Oliver
“ ´ cosech 2x. (3)

Mathematics
The points A and B lie on C. The x-coordinates of A and B are ln 2 and ln 3 respectively.
(b) Find the length of the arc AB, giving your answer in the form p ln q, where p and (6)
q are rational numbers.

47. The curve C has equation

Dr Oliver y “ e´x , x P R.
The part of the curve C between x “ 0 and x “ ln 3 is rotated through 2π radians about
the x-axis.
Mathematics
(a) Show that the area S of the curved surface generated is given by (3)
ż ln 3 ?
S “ 2π e´x 1 ` e´2x dx.
0

Dr Oliver
(b) Use the substitution e´x “ sinh u to show that (5)
ż arsinh β
Mathematics S “ 2π
arsinh α
cosh2 u du,

where α and β are constants to be determined.

(c) Show that ż (2)
2 1

Dr Oliver
2

where k is an arbitrary constant.

cosh u du “ sinh 2u ` u ` k,
2

Mathematics 12
 Dr Oliver
(d) Hence find the value of S, giving your answer to 3 decimal places. (2)

48. Solve the equation

Mathematics
2 cosh2 x ´ 3 sinh x “ 1,
(6)

giving your answers in terms of natural logarithms.

49. A curve has equation (5)

Dr Oliver
y “ cosh x, 1 ď x ď ln 5.
Find the length of this curve. Give your answer in terms of e.

50. The curve C has equation

Mathematics
y“? 2
1
, x ą 1.
x ` 2x ´ 3
ż
(a) Find y dx. (3)

Dr Oliver
The region R is bounded by the curve C, the x-axis, and the lines with equations x “ 2
and x “ 3. The region R is rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis.

Mathematics
(b) Find the volume of the solid generated. Give your answer in the form pπ ln q, where
p and q are rational numbers to be found.
(4)

51. The hyperbola H is given by the equation x2 ´ y 2 “ 1.

(a) Write down the equations of the two asymptotes of H. (1)

Dr Oliver
(b) Show that an equation of the tangent to H at the point P pcosh t, sinh tq is (3)

y sinh t “ x cosh t ´ 1.
Mathematics
The tangent at P meets the asymptotes of H at the points Q and R.
(c) Show that P is the midpoint of QR. (3)
(d) Show that the area of the triangle OQR, where O is the origin, is independent of t. (3)

52. (a) Prove that Dr Oliver d 1

(3)
parcoth xq “ .
Mathematics
dx 1 ´ x2

Given that y “ parcoth xq2 ,

(b) show that (5)
2
dy dy k
p1 ´ x2 q ´ 2x “ ,
Dr Oliver dx 2

where k is a constant to be determined.

dx 1 ´ x2

Mathematics 13
53. (a) Show that
Dr Oliver (3)
2x
e `9
Mathematics
5 cosh x ´ 4 sinh x “
2 ex
.

(b) Hence, using the substitution u “ ex or otherwise, find (4)

ż
1
dx.
5 cosh x ´ 4 sinh x

Dr Oliver
54. Given that y “ arsinhptanh xq, show that (5)
sech2 x
Mathematics
dy
dx
“a
1 ` tanh2 x
.

55. (a) Using the definition for cosh x in terms of exponentials, show that (3)
cosh 2x ” 2 cosh2 x ´ 1.
Dr Oliver
(b) Find the exact values of x for which (6)

Mathematics
29 cosh x ´ 3 cosh 2x “ 38,
giving your answers in terms of natural logarithms.
56. ż ln 2
In “ coshn x dx, n ě 0.

(a) Show that, for n ě 2, Dr Oliver 0

3an´1 n ´ 1
(6)
In “ ` In´2 ,
Mathematics nbn
where a and b are integers to be found.
n

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the exact value of (4)

ż ln 2
cosh4 x dx.

57. The curve C has equation

Dr Oliver 0

Mathematics
y “ ln
ˆ
ex `1
ex ´1
˙
, ln 2 ď x ď 3.

(a) Show that (4)

dy 2 ex
“ ´ 2x .
dx e ´1

rational number.
Dr Oliver
(b) Find the length of the curve C, giving your answer in the form ln a, where a is a (6)

Mathematics 14