‫ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا‬ ‫بسم‬

SUDAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

HUC COLLEGE
Kassala Center [Engineering College]
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering

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Name:…...……………….……………………. Index No:……………………..

Worksheet Paper - Applications of Integrated Circuits

Lecturer: Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
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Question (1)
Multiple Choice Questions: Choose the correct answer

1- What is the general information specified in ordering an IC?

a) Temperature range
b) Device type
c) Package type
d) All of the mentioned

2- A Differential Amplifier should have collector resistor’s value (RC1 &

RC2) as
a) 5kΩ, 5kΩ
b) 5Ω, 10kΩ
c) 5Ω, 5kΩ
d) 5kΩ, 10kΩ

3- For an oscillator, input voltage is 5V, loop gain is 2, find output voltage?
a) 10
b) 20
c) 5
d) 15
Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#1#
4- Dual-In-Line pack is considered to be suitable for mounting because,
a) Easy to handle
b) Fits mounting hardware
c) Inexpensive
d) All of the mentioned

5- How many temperature grades are available for IC?

a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five

6- ICs used for industrial application will have temperature range from
a) -55o to +85oc
b) 90o to 155oc
c) 10o to 100oc
d) -20o to +85oc

7- Which grade device is selected for superior quality performance?

a) Military grade IC
b) Industrial grade IC
c) Commercial grade IC
d) None of the mentioned

8- What is the value of self-oscillating circuits?

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3

9- A Differential Amplifier amplifies

a) Input signal with higher voltage
b) Input voltage with smaller voltage
c) Sum of the input voltage
d) None of the Mentioned

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#2#
10- In ideal Differential Amplifier, if same signal is given to both inputs,
then output will be
a) Same as input
b) Double the input
c) Not equal to zero
d) Zero

11- Which package type is chosen for military purposes?

a) Ceramic DIP
b) Plat pack
c) Metal can pack
d) Plastic DIP

12- Find IC, given VCE=0.77v, VCC=10v, VBE=0.37v and RC=2.4kΩ in

Dual Input Balanced Output differential amplifier
a) 0.4mA
b) 0.4A
c) 4mA
d) 4A

13- Which is not the internal circuit of operational amplifier?

a) Differential amplifier
b) Level translator
c) Output driver
d) Clamper

14- For practical oscillators, which law has to be obeyed?

a) Faraday law
b) Hertz law
c) Fleming law
d) Barkhausen law

15- Barkhausen criteria states phase of loop gain must be 0 for a self
sustaining oscillator.
a) True
b) False

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#3#
16- The purpose of level shifter in Op-amp internal circuit is to
a) Adjust DC voltage
b) Increase impedance
c) Provide high gain
d) Decrease input resistance

17- An oscillator requires an input voltage of high amplitude.

a) True
b) False

18- How a symmetrical swing is obtained at the output of Op-amp

a) Providing amplifier with negative supply voltage
b) Providing amplifier with positive voltage
c) Providing amplifier with positive& negative voltage
d) None of the mentioned

19- What is the purpose of differential amplifier stage in internal circuit of

Op-amp?
a) Low gain to differential mode signal
b) Cancel difference mode signal
c) Low gain to common mode signal
d) Cancel common mode signal

20- Which of the following is not preferred for input stage of Op-amp?
a) Dual Input Balanced Output
b) Differential Input Single ended Output
c) Cascaded DC amplifier
d) Single Input Differential Output

21- A differential amplifier has a transistor with β0= 100, is biased at ICQ =
0.48mA. Determine the value of CMRR and ACM, if RE =7.89kΩ and
RC = 5kΩ.
a) 49.54 db
b) 49.65 d
c) 49.77 db
d) 49.60 db

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#4#
22- To increase the value of CMRR, which circuit is used to replace the
emitter resistance Re in differential amplifier?
a) Constant current bias
b) Resistor in parallel with Re
c) Resistor in series with Re
d) Diode in parallel with Re

23- What is the purpose of diode in differential amplifier with constant

current circuit?
a) Total current independent on temperature
b) Diode is dependent of temperature
c) Transistor is depend on temperature
d) None of the mentioned

24- How to improve CMRR value

a) Increase common mode gain
b) Decrease common mode gain
c) Increase Differential mode gain
d) Decrease differential mode gain

25- Constant current source in differential amplifier is also called as

a) Current Mirror
b) Current Source
c) Current Repeaters
d) All of the mentioned

26- Determine the early voltage, if the output resistance is 2.5×2kΩ and
input current is 2mA
a) 9.8v
b) 5.6v
c) 7.8v
d) 10v

27- If the reference and collector current are 0.539mA and 0.49mA
respectively, how many transistors are used in current repeater circuit?
(Assume β =150)
a) 11
Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#5#
 b) 14
c) 10
d) 8

28- To increase the input resistance in differential amplifier, replace the

transistor by
a) Current mirror
b) Current repeater
c) Darlington pair
d) All of the mentioned

29- In Darlington pair differential amplifier the current gain is given as 100.
Where IB1=5µA and IC1=0.35mA. Determine IC2
a) 0.5mA
b) 1.5mA
c) 2mA
d) 0.15mA

30- Which circuit is used as active load for an amplifier

a) Wildar Current source
b) Darlington pair
c) Current Mirror
d) All of the mentioned

31- The input voltage of a difference amplifier are 2.5v and 4.9v. If the
transconductance is 0.065Ω-1, determine the load current entering the
next stage
a) 0.156A
b) 1.56A
c) 0.156mA
d) 15.6µA

32- What is the need for level shifter in operational amplifier?

a) Level the quiescent voltage
b) Remove distortion at output
c) Limits the output voltage
d) Increase the quiescent voltage
Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#6#
33- An output stage amplifier can produce output signal, when the input
signal is
a) 0.48v
b) 0.9v
c) 1.2v
d) 0.5v

34- Find the disadvantage in the following circuit diagram:

a) Voltage get attenuated by R1

b) Voltage get attenuated by R2
c) Voltage get attenuated by R1 and R2
d) Voltage shift get increased by the drop across R1 and R2

35- What is the best choice of IC package used for experimental purpose?
a) DIP package
b) Metal can package
c) Flat pack
d) Transistor pack

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#7#
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Question (2)

What is Operational Amplifier?

The op amp is an electronic device consisting of a complex arrangement of
resistors, transistors, capacitors, and diodes.
op-amps are linear integrated circuits (ICs) that use relatively low dc supply
voltages and are reliable and inexpensive.

What is The Ideal Operational Amplifier?

The ideal op-amp has infinite voltage gain and infinite bandwidth, also, it has an
infinite input impedance (open) so that it does not load the driving source, it also
has a zero output impedance.

A certain op-amp has an open-loop differential voltage gain f

100,000 and a common-mode gain of 0.2. Determine the Common-
Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) and express it in decibels.

Solution:

CMRR = 500000 = 114 dB

The output voltage of a certain op-amp appears as shown in

Figure bellow in response to a step input. Determine the slew rate.

Solution:

Slew rate = 18 V/𝜇

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#8#
What is A comparator?
A comparator is a specialized op-amp circuit that compares two input voltages
and produces an output that is always at either one of two states, indicating the
greater or less than relationship between the inputs.

Question (3)

The input signal in figure (a) is applied to the comparator in

figure (b). Draw the output showing its proper relationship to the
input signal. Assume the maximum output levels of the
comparator are ±14 V.

Solution:
VREF = 1.63 V
each time the input exceeds +1.63 V, the output voltage switches to its +14 V
level, and each time the input goes below +1.63 V, the output switches back to
its -14 V level.

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#9#
Determine the upper and lower trigger points for the comparator
circuit in figure bellow.
Assume that +Vout (max) = +5V and +Vout (max)= -5V

Solution:

VUTP = +2.5 V , VLTP = -2.5 V

Determine the output voltage waveform for figure bellow

Solution :
This comparator has both hysteresis and zener bounding. The voltage across D1
and D2 in either direction is 4.7 V + 0.7 V = 5.4 V. This is because one zener is
always forward-biased with a drop of 0.7 V when the other one is in breakdown.

VR1 = Vout- (Vout± 5.4 V) = ± 5.4 V

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#10#
 IR1 = VR1/R1 = ±54 𝜇
IR2= IR1 = ±54 𝜇
VR2 = R2IR2 = ±2.54 V
Vout= VR1+ VR2 = ±7.94 V
VUTP = +2.54 V
VLTP = -2.54 V
Question (4)

Determine the output voltage in figure bellow

Solution:

VOUT = -12 V

Determine the output voltage for the summing amplifier in figure

bellow:

Solution:

= - 10\1(0.2 + 0.5) = -10*0.7

Vout = -7 V
Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#11#
Question (5)

WHAT IS FILTERS AND ACTIVE FILTERS?

A filter is a circuit that passes certain frequencies and attenuates or rejects all
other frequencies.
Filters are usually categorized by the manner in which the output voltage varies
with the frequency of the input voltage. The categories of active filters are low-
pass, highpass, band-pass, and band-stop

A certain band-pass filter has a center frequency of 15 kHz and a

bandwidth of 1 kHz. Determine Q and classify the filter as
narrow-band or wide-band.

Solution:

Because Q > 10 this is a narrow-band filter.

If resistor R2 in the feedback circuit of an active single-pole filter

of the type in Figure bellow is 10 kΩ, what value must be to obtain
a maximally flat Butterworth response?

Solution:

R1 = 0.586*𝑅 = 0.586* 10 kΩ = 5.86 kΩ

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#12#
Question (6)

Determine the critical frequency of the Sallen-Key low-pass filter

in Figure bellow, and set the value of R1 for an approximate
Butterworth response.

Solution:

For a Butterworth response, R1 /R2 = 0.586.

R1 = 0.586R2 = 0.586(1 kΩ) = 586 Ω

For the four-pole filter in Figure bellow, determine the

capacitance values required to produce a critical frequency of
2680 Hz if all the resistors in the RC low-pass circuits are 1.8 kΩ.
Also select values for the feedback resistors to get a Butterworth
response.

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#13#
Solution:
Both stages must have the same 𝑓c Assuming equal-value capacitors,

Question (7)

Determine the center frequency, maximum gain, and bandwidth

for the filter in Figure bellow.

Solution:

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#14#
Determine the center frequency, Q, and BWfor the passband of
the state-variable filter in Figure bellow.

Solution:

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#15#
Question (8)

Verify that the band-stop filter in Figure bellow has a center

frequency of 60 Hz, and optimize the filter for a Q of 10.

Solution:

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#16#
WHAT IS THE OSCILLATOR?
An oscillator is a circuit that produces a periodic waveform on its output with
only the dc supply voltage as an input. A repetitive input signal is not required
except to synchronize oscillations in some applications. The output voltage can
be either sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal, depending on the type of oscillator.
Essentially, an oscillator converts electrical energy from the dc power supply to
periodic waveforms.

Determine the resonant frequency for the Wien-bridge oscillator

in Figure bellow. Also, calculate the setting for 𝑅f assuming the
internal drain-source resistance, of the JFET is 500 Ω when
oscillations are stable.

Solution:

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#17#
(a) Determine the value of 𝑅 necessary for the circuit in Figure
bellow to operate as an oscillator.
(b) Determine the frequency of oscillation.

Solution:

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#18#
Question (9)

(a) Determine the frequency for the oscillator in Figure bellow.

Assume there is negligible loading on the feedback circuit and that
its Q is greater than 10.
(b) Find the frequency if the oscillator is loaded to a point where
the Q drops to 8.

Solution:

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#19#
What is Voltage Regulation?
Voltage regulator, any electrical or electronic device that maintains the voltage
of a power source within acceptable limits. There are two basic categories of
voltage regulation are (line regulation and load regulation).
The purpose of line regulation is to maintain a nearly constant output voltage
when the input voltage varies.
The purpose of load regulation is to maintain a nearly constant output voltage
when the load varies.

When the ac input voltage of a certain power supply changes, the

input to the voltage regulator decreases by 5 V as a result, and the
output of the regulator decreases by 0.25 V. The nominal output is
15 V. Determine the line regulation in %/V.

Solution:

A certain voltage regulator has a 12 V output when there is no

load (𝐼 = 0). When there is a full-load current of 140 mA, the
output voltage is 11.9 V. Express the voltage regulation as a
percentage change from no-load to full-load and also as a
percentage change for each mA change in load current.
Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#20#
Solution:

Question (10)

Determine the output voltage for the regulator in Figure bellow.

Solution:

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#21#
Determine the maximum current that the regulator in Figure
bellow can provide to a load

Solution:

What power rating must R1 have if the maximum input voltage is

12.5 V?

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif

#22#
Solution:

Therefore, a resistor with a rating of at least 10 W should be used. This

illustrates that a major disadvantage of this type of regulator is the power
wasted in R1, which makes the regulator inefficient.
Determine the minimum and maximum output voltages for the
voltage regulator in figure bellow. Assume 𝐼ADJ = 50 𝜇A.

Solution:

#*# ‫ مع التمنيات لكم بالنجاح والتوفيق‬#*#

Dr. Amir Ahmed Omer Yousif
#23#