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Topic 3 - Part 2 (Columns)

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11 views

Topic 3 - Part 2 (Columns)

steel

Uploaded by

Albert Liu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AXIALLY LOADED MEMBERS

Prepared by Ben Young

Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong,


Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
Column Design

Hong Kong steel code (Code of Practice for the


Structural use of Steel 2005 & 2011) Vs British
Standard BS 5950-1 (Structural use of Steelwork in
Building – Part 1: Code of practice for design – Rolled
and welded sections 2000) & BS 5950-1 (1990)
Column Design

BS 5950-1 (1990)
 Over-conservative of class 4 slender cross-sections

BS 5950-1 (2000) & Hong Kong Steel Code (2005 &


2011)
 The over-conservative design of class 4 slender cross-
sections is removed
 Using effective area (Aeff), which is equal to the semi-
compact limits
BS 5950-1 (1990)
Compression Resistance, Pc (Clause 4.7.4)
For plastic, compact or semi-compact sections:
Pc = Ag pc
For slender sections:
Pc = Ag pcs
where
Ag = Gross cross-sectional area
pc = Compressive strength
pcs = Compressive strength for slender sections (pcs< pc)
Hong Kong Steel Code (2011) & BS 5950-1 (2000)
Compression Resistance, Pc (HKSC Clause 8.7.5 & BS
Clause 4.7.4)
For plastic, compact or semi-compact sections:
Pc = Ag pc (Same as 1990)
For slender sections:
Pc = Aeff pcs (New)
where
Aeff = Effective cross-sectional area
pcs = Compressive strength (pc) for a reduced slenderness
of (Aeff /Ag)0.5 in which  is based on the radius of
gyration (r) of the gross cross-section
 In Clause 7.6 of the Hong Kong Steel Code (2011),
“Effective section properties can be obtained from
Chapter 11 (Design of cold-formed steel open sections,
sheet profiles, hollow sections and sheet pile sections) or
any acceptable reference.”

 Effective cross-sections for doubly symmetric slender


sections subjected to pure compression are shown in
Fig. 8a of the BS 5950-1 (2000)
Effective area (Aeff) for Class 4 slender sections (BS Clause 3.6)
 For doubly symmetric cross-sections  Dimensions of
effective widths are given in Fig. 8a of the BS 5950-1 (2000)
only, but NOT in the Hong Kong Steel Code (2005 & 2011)
 For Hot finished and Cold-formed RHS & SHS

beff

bnon-eff

Hot finished Cold-formed


 2  20t Hot finished
beff 
2  17.5t Cold  formed
 For hot rolled equal-leg angle sections  The effective
area (Aeff ) is given as,
 12 
Aeff  A 
b/t 
where
b = Leg length
t = thickness
A = Ag = Gross cross-sectional area
 For circular hollow sections (CHS)  The effective
area (Aeff ) is given as,
0.5
 80  275 
Aeff  A  

 D / t  p
 y 
Provided that D  240t 2

where
D = Overall diameter
py = Design strength
Compressive strength, pc (HKSC Clause 8.7.6 &
BS Clause 4.7.5)

 Table 8.7 of the Hong Kong Steel Code  Designation of


buckling curves for different section types

 Based on the appropriate section type and column (strut)


curve for buckling about the relevant axis (x or y)
Table 8.7 of the Hong Kong Steel Code (2011)
 Depending on the type of cross-section and the maximum
thickness. (e.g. I, H and welded box sections, Hot-
finished and cold-formed structural hollow sections, ...)

 Hot-finished structural hollow section with steel


grade > S460  Curve “ao”

 Hot-finished structural hollow section with steel


grade < S460  Curve “a”

 Cold-formed structural hollow section of longitudinal


seam weld or spiral weld  Curve “c”
 The value of pc should be obtained from:
(1) Hong Kong Steel Code, Table 8.8, which depending
on the design strength (py) and the slenderness ()
(2) The formula can be found in the Hong Kong Steel
Code (2011) Appendix 8.4 (Perry formula)

 For welded I, H or box sections, the value of py should be


reduced by 20 N/mm2
Perry Formula (in year 1886)
 The compressive strength (pc) may be taken as the
smaller root of:
( pE  pc ) ( p y  pc )   pE pc

 The value of pc may be obtained from:


pE p y
pc 
    pE p y
2

in which
py  (  1) pE

2
2 E (Euler strength)
pE  2

where
py = Design strength
 = Imperfection parameter (Perry factor)
 = Slenderness
Perry factor and Robertson constant
 The Perry factor  (imperfection parameter) for flexural
buckling under axial force can be obtained from:
  0.001a(   o )  0
where
2 E
 o  0.2 (Limiting slenderness)
py
a = Robertson constant (in year 1925)
= 1.8 for column curve “ao”
= 2.0 for column curve “a”
= 3.5 for column curve “b”
= 5.5 for column curve “c”
= 8.0 for column curve “d”
Table 8.8  Based on the Perry formula
Compressive strength (pc)  Depending on slenderness ()
Slenderness ()  Depending on effective length (LE)
where
LE

r
 Short effective length  high compressive strength
(e.g. Column curve “a”,  = 80  pc = 203 N/mm2)
 Long effective length  low compressive strength
(e.g. Column curve “a”,  = 150  pc = 80 N/mm2)
Design column curve “a” -- Hong Kong Steel Code (2011)
Compressive strength, p c (N/mm 2)
300
275 2
Steel Grade S275 (p y = 275 N/mm )
250
203
200
Column curve "a" (Table 24)
150

100
80

50

80 150
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Slenderness, 
Effective lengths, LE (HKSC Clause 8.7.2)

 Table 8.6  Effective length of idealized columns

 LE = KL, where K is the effective length factor and L is


the segment length
Table 8.6 of the Hong Kong Steel Code (2011)
Compression Resistance, Pc (HKSC Clause 8.7.5
& BS Clause 4.7.4)

 Ag pc (Class 1, 2 and 3)
Pc  
 Aeff pcs (Class 4)

in which,
pcs is based on reduced slenderness of (Aeff /Ag)0.5
Reduced slenderness, red
Aeff
 red  
Ag
where
Aeff
 1.0 since Aeff  Ag
Ag
Hence, Aeff
    red   
Ag
If  decreases (red)  pc increases
Hence, using red  pcs  pc
 Pc = Aeff pcs (Not over-conservative for class 4 slender
sections)
Hong Kong Steel Code (2011)
Column design for class 4 slender sections
 Select steel grade (S235, S275, S355, S460, …)
 Determine design strength (py) from Table 3.2
 Compute effective area (Aeff)
 Determine effective length (LE) from Clause 8.7.2
(Table 8.6) for the appropriate end conditions
 Calculate slenderness () for the relevant axis (x or y)
Column design for class 4 slender sections (Cont.)
 Compute reduced slenderness (red), where
red = (Aeff /Ag)0.5
 Select the appropriate column curve from Table 8.7
 Compute compressive strength (pcs) from Tables 8.8 or
use the Perry formula
 Calculate compression resistance Pc from Clause 8.7.5,
where Pc = Aeff pcs

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