INTRODUCTION

In this semester, our common assignment for Mechanics of Material subject required us to come out
with solutions to fix these common issues. Our group have decided to design a special shelf hanging as
it is combination of all our group members ideas. We analyzed each of the parts in detail that can be
considered and combined by using the static equilibrium analysis. In mechanics of material subject, we
study about internal and external forces due to load, bending moment of the structure, deformation,
internal torque, stress and strain and yield strength. Using all the information and formulas we make
sure that our structure design will be reliable and strong enough to handle maximum weight on every
level of shelf. This program analysis outcomes also stated that student must be able to come out with a
solution for complex engineering problems and create process or system to meet specific needs. By
doing research and conduct investigation using research-based knowledge in Mechanics of Materials
we as student should be able to create a product to meet all the requirement for this common
assignment as well as to resolve all the problem encountered.
LITERATURE REVIEW
We have made some research about the complexity of designing a new better shelf is quite challenging
to produce without having any other design to compare between the design, structure, stress analysis,
durability, and material used. After research have been made, we have gathered the all of information
to use for inventing the shelf and proceed to do design comparison. Each of team members will include
own design to be compared and we will select the best one which is considering the structure and stress
analysis which is the main important thing that need to be focus on. We also use the main basic
principle in Mechanics of Materials subject that we have studied to applied on the analysis and
calculation of the shelf.

Some of the basic principle that used in this assignment from the Mechanics of Material subject is:

𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
Stress =
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

σ=𝐹
𝐴

Stress=N/m2 or Pascals (Pa)

Stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighbouring
particles of a continuous material exert on each other. Stress is defined as the force
per unit area applied to the material. The maximum stress a material can stand before
it breaks is called the breaking stress or ultimate tensile stress. Tensile means that
material is under tension; the forces acting on it are trying to stretch the material.
Compression is when the forces acting on an object are trying to squash it.

𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝐼𝑛 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Strain=
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

𝛥𝐿
ε=
𝐿

Strain = Strain has no units

Meanwhile strain is the measure of the deformation of the material, which is not a
physical quantity. It's the ratio of extension to original length is called strain in which it
 has no units as it is a ratio of two lengths measured in metres.

PHOTO STRUCTURE OF FINALISED DESIGN

From our design we are using oak wood as the wooden base, and stainless steel screw lock
wall plug to hang the shelf on to the wall.

PART DESCRIPTION

PART PART MADE OF MODULUS ELASTICITY

1 WOOD ( RED OAK) 1.5 Mpa
2 WOOD (RED OAK) 1.5 Mpa
3 STAINLESS STEEL 170 Mpa
 PART PART TYPE TOTAL PART MASS PER 1 TOTAL MASS
(UNIT) UNIT (kg) (kg)
1

4 1.5 6

Rectangular Horizontal Wood

6 1.0 6

Rectangular Vertical Wood

16 0.07 1.12

Screw Lock Wall Plug

TOTAL MASS
=13.12 kg

PARTS DIMENSIONING

PART HEIGHT (cm) WIDTH (cm) THICKNESS (cm)

1 22 22 2
2 26 14 2

PART DIAMETER (cm) LENGTH (cm)

3 0.8 6.5
COMPLEXITY OF STRUCTURE

For the design that we had chosen, the design is quite simple as the structure contains the
same shape and the parameters are similar.

Part 1: (Bending moment)

Free Body Diagram:

For this part where the book will be put on the shelf, it will experience a bending
moment where we need to know the maximum shear force and maximum bending
moment of the part.

Formula:

Shear force Bending moment

∑F = F(N) ∑F = F×d(Nm)
*distribute force based on horizontal or vertical *The positive and negative was based on
forces assumption on its rotation whether clockwise or
anti-clockwise.
Part 2: (Buckling)

Free Body Diagram:

From these free body diagrams, we can discuss the buckling of columns. Long slender
members subjected to axial compressive force are called columns. The lateral deflection
that occurs is called buckling. The maximum axial load a column can support when it is
on the verge of buckling is called the critical load, PCR. As we designed a book shelf,
we can assume how much maximum loads of the books that can be put on the shelf.
To summarize, the buckling equation for long slender column is:

Where:-

PCR = Critical or maximum axial load on the column just before it begins to
not cause the stress in the column to exceed the proportional limit.

E = Modulus of elasticity for the material.

I = least moment of inertia for the column’s cross-sectional area.

L = Unsupported length of the column, whose ends are pinned.

Part 3: Stress
Free Body Diagram:

As for this part, we can calculate stress as the stainless steel screw will having shear
stress when books were put on it. Considering the shelf will be full of books then it will
be maximum load that the total of 16 screw must be hang the shelf onto the wall. The
The screw will have a fixed point at the end when hang onto the wall.

Formula:
Stress: σ = N/A (N is internal resultant normal force and A is cross-sectional area of
the bar.