Lesson 12: Interpreting And Preparing

Visuals Strategies in Preparing an Organizational Chart

1. Use varied shapes carefully.
Graphic/Visuals: 2. Rectangles are usually for all positions. Connect
 Graphs the boxes with solid lines to show direct
 Tables reporting relationships and dotted lines to show
indirect or staff relationships.
 Diagrams
3. Avoid distracting and complicated designs
 Charts
Flow Chart
 Visual Images
 Maps  It illustrates a process.
General Steps in Interpreting Visuals Strategies in Preparing a Flow Chart
1. Read the title and the subtitle. 1. Present only the capsule version of the whole
2. Read the captions, keys, and labels. process.
3. Determine the purpose of the material. 2. Limit the number of shapes to avoid confusion.
4. Identify the organization of information. Note that each shape has a corresponding
5. Analyze the relationship and trends of the meaning.
presented data. a) Rectangle - represents an event which is part
6. Make a conclusion about the data, if necessary of the process; it is usually used for steps or
actions taken.
Adding Visuals to Text b) Diamond - shows a decision point in the
1. Determine the purpose of the visual. process; generally, the text inside the
2. Evaluate the accuracy and the validity of the diamond requires a “yes” or “no” response.
data. From here, the flow chart will then branch to
3. Visuals should be accompanied by clear different parts which show the effects of a
references within your text. “yes” response and a “no” response.
4. Visuals should be placed on the same page as the c) Rounded Box - represents an event which
text reference. Complex visuals should be placed occurs automatically; it is usually used to
on the page opposite the text reference. denote the start and the end of the process.
5. Preferably, position the visual vertically. 3. Provide a legend when necessary.
6. Make your visual as simple and self-explanatory 4. Sequence the data from left to right or top to
as possible by adding data labels. bottom.
7. If visuals are colored, go for basic contrasting 5. You can be creative in designing the flow chart
colors which are easy on the eyes; as much as but do not make it too complicated and
possible, avoid adding patterns and textures as distracting
well as using neon colors. Tables
Charts  A table is useful in displaying numbers in
 A chart is a graphical representation of data columns.
using symbols that are usually boxes, lines, and  It condenses and classifies information to make
arrows. comparisons between and among data.
 Its general purpose is to show ranks, levels,  It also helps the readers grasp relationships that
procedures and classifications. might be invisible in prose.
Strategies in Reading a Chart  It contains at least two columns with headings on
1. Study each step or grouping presented in the the sides and at the top of the columns to
chart. indicate what the table represents.
2. Pay attention to the arrows or lines that indicate  The heading on the top is called boxhead while
the flow, relationship, steps, or sequence of its the heading on the far left column is called stub.
details. Strategies in Reading a Table
3. To ensure you understood the chart, summarize 1. Read the title of the table.
each step or component in your own word and 2. Check whether the information is updated or
make your own mental chart. obsolete.
4. Compare your mental chart to the description in 3. Check the source of the information.
the text to check how accurate you are. 4. Study the headings and their relationships.
Organizational Chart 5. Read the details with the headings in mind.
 It presents rankings, classification, and levels of 6. Compare and contrast the different columns.
ideas
Strategies in Preparing a Table Strategies in Reading A Line Graph
1. Informal or simple tables need not have table 1. Read the title, caption, and source note.
numbers and titles since they function as an 2. Determine the purpose of the graph.
extension of the text. 3. Read the horizontal axis.
- They should not be included in the list of 4. Determine the time intervals.
illustrations. However, they require column 5. Read the vertical axis and identify what is being
headings. measured.
2. Formal tables, which contain complex data, 6. Trace the lines that connect points and determine
should contain titles, table numbers, and detailed the changes over time.
headings. Strategies in Preparing a Line Graph
- They are separated from the text and are
included in the list illustrations. 1. Plot the data very carefully.
3. Use plenty of white space within and around the 2. Use different line colors for line graphs using
text. multiple lines.
4. use concise and clear headings for all the 3. Make the chart lines thicker than the axis lines.
columns and rows. 4. Do not put the numbers on the line graph itself.
5. Use abbreviations and symbols when necessary. Circle Graph
However, special symbols and abbreviations  also known as pie graph
must be clarified using legends or footnotes  It uses pie-shaped sections to show the
6. Include the source of the table when necessary. relationship of the parts to the whole in
7. Use uppercase and lowercase letters instead of percentages.
all caps. Strategies in Reading A Circle Graph
Graphs 1. Read the title and the captions carefully.
 A graph shows data using bars for bar graphs, 2. Note the number and labels of pie sections of the
lines for line graphs, circles for pie graphs and graph.
picture for pictographs. 3. Check if there is any “legend” section and study
 Each type of graph has a specific function and it.
purpose. 4. Identify the share quantity, percentage of each
Bar Graphs section. Identify which sections have the
smallest and largest percentages.
 It uses vertical and horizontal bars that compare
amounts and quantities. Strategies in Preparing a Circle Graph
Strategies in Reading A Bar Graph 1. Use no more than seven divisions.
1. Read the title, caption, and source note. 2. Move clockwise from 12:00. Start with the
largest wedge going to the smallest. However,
2. Determine the purpose of the graph.
“others” or miscellaneous items must be placed
3. Look at the dates mentioned, if there are any.
last no matter how large they cover.
4. Identify the items being compared and determine
3. Use the circle graph for percentages and money
what about them is being compared.
especially when the items they represent are
5. If the data change over time, determine the time divisible by 100.
span and the amount of change.
4. Make the circle graph as simple as possible.
Strategies in Preparing a Bar Graph 5. Label each component.
1. Limit the number of bars. Too many bars may 6. If you want to show a subdivision of particular
create confusion and complicate the data. wedge in a circle graph, use a “pie within a pie”
2. Show the comparisons clearly. technique.
3. Keep the bar width consistent.
4. It is ideal to use spaces between bars. However,
if comparisons are too close or too many, spaces
between bars may be deleted.
5. Arrange the bars based on sequence or by
ascending/descending order.
6. Use legends as much as possible.
Line Graph Reporters:
Lomondot, Alizsa S.
 It shows trends and changes in data. Deron, Al-Husbare S.
 Usually, the bottom grid scale represents time