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 EIGHTH EDITION
EIGHTH EDITION

BASIC
BOOKKEEPING

BASIC BOOKKEEPING An Office Simulation

An Off ic e Simula ti on
BROOKE C.W. BARKER

EIGHTH EDITION

BASIC
BARKER
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BOOKKEEPING tion
An Off ic e Simu la
nelson.com

BROOKE C.W. BARKER

ISBN-13: 978-0-17-672122-0
ISBN-10: 0-17-672122-3

9 780176 721220
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

Posting38
The Trial Balance 40
Practice Exercise 2 42
Practice Exercise 3 42
Practice Exercise 4 44
Practice Exercise 5 45
Locating Errors in a Trial Balance 46
Practice Exercise 6 47
Practice Exercise 7 48
Practice Exercise 8 48
Supplementary Exercises 48
Think About It! 49
Case Study: Introducing KBC Decorating Co. 50

CHAPTER 4 CORRECTING ENTRIES AND SALES TAXES IN CANADA 52

Correcting Writing Errors 53
Recording Correcting Entries 54
Practice Exercise 1 55
Practice Exercise 2 56
Recording Reversing Entries 56
Practice Exercise 3 57
Practice Exercise 4 57
Sales Taxes in Canada 58
GST/HST on Sales 59
GST/HST on Purchases 59
Practice Exercise 5 60
Practice Exercise 6 61
Provincial Sales Tax 61
Practice Exercise 7 62
Recording Sales with PST 63
Practice Exercise 8 63
Practice Exercise 9 64
Recording Other Expenses with PST 64
Practice Exercise 10 65
Remitting PST 65
Practice Exercise 11 66
Calculating the Tax Included 66
Practice Exercise 12 67
Supplementary Exercises 68
Think About It! 68
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 68

CHAPTER 5 F REIGHT IN, DELIVERY EXPENSE,

AND DUTY & BROKERAGE 70
Freight In 71
Freight on Non-merchandise Items 72
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

Delivery Expense 73
Duty and Brokerage 73
Practice Exercise 1 75
Practice Exercise 2 76
Supplementary Exercises 77
Think About It! 77
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 77

CHAPTER 6 USING SPECIAL JOURNALS 78

Introducing Special Journals 79
Sales Journal 80
Posting from the Sales Journal 82
Control Accounts 83
Practice Exercise 1 85
Practice Exercise 2 85
Practice Exercise 3 86
Practice Exercise 4 86
Practice Exercise 5 87
Cash Receipts Journal 87
Posting from the Cash Receipts Journal 90
Cash or Plastic? 91
Practice Exercise 6 91
Practice Exercise 7 92
Practice Exercise 8 93
Practice Exercise 9 93
Practice Exercise 10 93
Purchase Journal 94
Posting from the Purchase Journal 97
Practice Exercise 11 98
Practice Exercise 12 99
Practice Exercise 13 99
Practice Exercise 14 100
Practice Exercise 15 100
Cash Payments Journal 100
Posting from the Cash Payments Journal 102
Practice Exercise 16 103
Practice Exercise 17 104
Practice Exercise 18 104
Practice Exercise 19 104
Supplementary Exercises 105
Think About It! 106
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 106

CHAPTER 7 CREDIT NOTES, REFUNDS, AND DISCOUNTS 109

Credit Notes and Refunds on Sales 110
Practice Exercise 1 113
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Practice Exercise 2 113

Practice Exercise 3 113
Practice Exercise 4 114
Sales Discounts 114
Practice Exercise 5 116
Practice Exercise 6 116
Practice Exercise 7 117
Credit Notes and Refunds on Purchases 117
Practice Exercise 8 118
Practice Exercise 9 119
Practice Exercise 10 119
Practice Exercise 11 120
Practice Exercise 12 120
Practice Exercise 13 120
Purchase Discounts 120
Cash on Delivery (COD) 122
Practice Exercise 14 123
Practice Exercise 15 123
Practice Exercise 16 123
Practice Exercise 17 123
Practice Exercise 18 124
Supplementary Exercises 124
Think About It! 125
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 125

CHAPTER 8 REMITTING GST AND HST 128

How GST/HST Works 129
Registering for GST/HST 129
Voluntary Registration 129
Filing the GST/HST Return 129
Remitting GST/HST 132
Keeping Records 133
Nil Returns (No Tax Owing) 133
Penalties and Interest 133
Discounts Offered to Customers 134
Deposits on Goods and Services 134
Sales to Aboriginals 134
Imported Items 134
Practice Exercise 1 135
Practice Exercise 2 135
Practice Exercise 3 135
Using the Quick Method 136
Examples of the Quick Method 136
Practice Exercise 4 139
Using the Simplified Method for ITCs 139
How the Simplified Method Works 140

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix

Think About It! 140

Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 140

CHAPTER 9 ACCOUNTING FOR CASH 143

Petty Cash 144
Establishing Petty Cash 144
The Petty Cash Sheet 145
Recording Petty Cash Entries 146
Reimbursing Petty Cash 148
Cash Over or Short 149
Practice Exercise 1 151
Practice Exercise 2 152
Practice Exercise 3 153
Practice Exercise 4 153
Practice Exercise 5 153
Bank Reconciliation 154
Bank Statement 155
Bank Errors 157
Cash Book Errors 158
Reconciling the Bank Account 158
Bank Reconciliation Statement 160
Practice Exercise 6 162
Practice Exercise 7 162
Practice Exercise 8 163
Practice Exercise 9 163
Practice Exercise 10 165
Supplementary Exercises 169
Think About It! 169
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 169

CHAPTER 10 PAYROLL 173

The Payroll Process 174
Calculating Gross Pay 174
Using Deduction Tables 176
Recording the Payroll 184
Payments and Remittances 185
Payments to Employees 185
Remittance of Payroll Deductions and Company Contributions 186
Workers’ Compensation 187
Vacation Pay and Holiday Pay 187
Practice Exercise 1 187
Practice Exercise 2 189
Practice Exercise 3 190
Practice Exercise 4 191
Practice Exercise 5 191
Supplementary Exercises 192
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS

Think About It! 192

Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 192

CHAPTER 11 PARTNERSHIPS AND CORPORATIONS 202

The Partnership 203
Partnership Accounting 204
Practice Exercise 1 205
Practice Exercise 2 206
Practice Exercise 3 206
The Drawings Account 206
Practice Exercise 4 208
Practice Exercise 5 208
Corporations209
Keeping the Books in a Corporation 210
Kinds of Shares 210
Authorized versus Issued Capital 211
Practice Exercise 6 211
Retained Earnings 212
Practice Exercise 7 213
Practice Exercise 8 213
Supplementary Exercise 213
Think About It! 213
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 214

CHAPTER 12 ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND BAD DEBTS 217

Aging of Accounts Receivable 218
Writing Off Bad Debts 220
Recovering a Bad Debt 221
Practice Exercise 1 222
Practice Exercise 2 223
Bad Debts in a Small Business 223
Practice Exercise 3 226
Supplementary Exercises 226
Think About It! 226
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 227

CHAPTER 13 INTERIM PROFIT OR LOSS 231

Interim Profit or Loss 232
The Interim Statement 232
Preparing the Interim Statement 232
Practice Exercise 1 235
Practice Exercise 2 235
Practice Exercise 3 237
Supplementary Exercises 237
Think About It! 238
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 238
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS xi

CHAPTER 14 AT YEAR-END: PREPARING TO CLOSE THE BOOKS 246

Inventory247
Practice Exercise 1 249
Year-End Adjusting Entries 249
Types of Adjusting Entries 249
Practice Exercise 2 256
Practice Exercise 3 257
Practice Exercise 4 257
The Worksheet 257
Practice Exercise 5 260
Practice Exercise 6 261
Practice Exercise 7 263
Supplementary Exercises 264
Think About It! 264
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 264

CHAPTER 15 AT YEAR-END: CLOSING THE BOOKS 265

Closing Journal Entries 266
Practice Exercise 1 268
Practice Exercise 2 268
Practice Exercise 3 268
Post-Closing Trial Balance 268
A Look at GAAP 269
Financial Statements 271
Income Statement 271
Balance Sheet 271
Practice Exercise 4 274
Practice Exercise 5 274
Practice Exercise 6 274
Practice Exercise 7 274
Supplementary Exercises 275
Think About It! 276
Case Study: KBC Decorating Co. 276

APPENDIX A REAL-WORLD FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  277

APPENDIX B ANSWERS TO THINK ABOUT IT!  282

APPENDIX C CHART OF ACCOUNTS: KBC DECORATING CO.  289

GLOSSARY 293

INDEX 303
NEL

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 PREFACE

Welcome to the eighth edition of Basic Bookkeeping: An Office Simulation. In writing

this textbook, I have endeavoured to provide teachers and students with the tools
necessary to learn and practise the concepts of basic bookkeeping for a small busi-
ness in a simple, meaningful way. As an educator for more than 40 years, I under-
stand the importance of giving our students a real-world context for learning. If
students can relate to what they are studying, they will learn better. In today’s
working world, being book-smart is not enough. Our students must learn to
think critically and they must be able to apply what they have learned to an ever-
changing work environment. I want my students to have a greater understanding
of the realities of bookkeeping as a function and as an occupation. I believe I have
achieved this through the approach I use in Basic Bookkeeping, in part through the
varied practice exercises in each chapter, and, most importantly, through the case
study that presents the ongoing activities of KBC Decorating Company, a small
retail store, for an entire financial year.
As a student, you will gain valuable knowledge and experience in keeping
a set of books for a small business. You will learn not only the mechanics of
recording daily transactions in a variety of journals but also how to analyze finan-
cial activities to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the books. You will learn by
doing, just as you would in on-the-job training.
As a teacher, you know the importance of having up-to-date, relevant mate-
rials at hand to guide your students in the ways of today’s typical bookkeeping
practices. Simply assigning an endless series of unrelated exercises will not lead
students to a working knowledge of concepts and practices. It merely teaches
them to respond by rote learning. Giving your students a real-world situation like
that of KBC Decorating Company goes a long way toward a true understanding
of the concepts and principles you are teaching them.
The method of presentation that I have used in this textbook reflects my per-
sonal teaching style in the classroom. In other words, I wrote the material this way
because I teach this way; and I teach this way because it is a style that works very
well for me. I have trained thousands of bookkeeping students over the years, with
great success. I am confident that you will enjoy working with Basic Bookkeeping as
so many others have over the past 30 years.

What’s New in the Eighth Edition

The eighth edition of Basic Bookkeeping: An Office Simulation contains updated pay-
roll deductions tables and the latest sales tax rates (at time of printing). This edi-
tion also provides options in many of the practice exercises to calculate sales taxes
using the method of calculation applicable in each student’s home province (GST
only, HST, or GST plus PST). The case study, KBC Decorating Company, located
in Ontario, charges HST on all purchases and sales. Supplementary Exercises are
available online in Microsoft Excel format for additional practice of basic book-
keeping concepts along with basic Excel formulas.
xii NEL

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 PREFACE xiii

Pedagogical Features
The objective of each chapter of this text is to cover the basic bookkeeping tech-
niques employed by small businesses in Canada. Explanations are purposely
geared to students who have little or no previous bookkeeping knowledge, and
the practice exercises and case study provide practical reinforcement of each con-
cept discussed.
Each chapter contains the following pedagogical features:

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Objectives are provided at the beginning of each chapter to identify the major
areas and points covered in the chapter and to guide the learning process.

IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN THE CHAPTER

A list of key terms used in each chapter appears at the beginning of the chapter,
and each term appears in boldface within the chapter. A complete list of
bookkeeping-related terms used throughout the text, including the key terms
highlighted in each chapter, is found in the Glossary at the back of the book.

PRACTICE EXERCISES
Each chapter includes practice exercises that provide students with ample oppor-
tunity to review how well they have learned the material in the chapter. The
variety of exercises attempts to provide exposure to different types of businesses
and thus different account names, different provincial sales tax rates and calcula-
tion methods, as well as different degrees of complexity. Hints are added to some
exercises, wherever deemed beneficial, to simplify the calculation or recording of
certain transactions and to guide the student on the best way to address that par-
ticular issue.

SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES
Most chapters have additional exercises in Microsoft Excel format available for
download from nelson.com/student. The students will complete the exercises
according to the instructions that appear at the top of each spreadsheet exercise.

THINK ABOUT IT!

Each chapter contains a series of theory questions that teachers can use to generate
class discussion on issues addressed in the chapter and to check that the students
have a firm grasp of the concepts presented.

CASE STUDY: KBC DECORATING COMPANY

At the end of Chapters 3 to 15 are the case study activities for KBC Decorating
Company. This ongoing exercise incorporates each new concept into the com­
pany’s monthly transactions, chapter by chapter, month by month, with the
results being greater student understanding, greater student confidence, and a
more practical real-world experience in keeping financial records.
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xiv PREFACE

Supplements

INSTRUCTOR ANCILLARIES
The Nelson Education Teaching Advantage (NETA) program delivers
research-based instructor resources that promote student engagement and higher-
order thinking to enable the success of Canadian students and educators. Visit
Nelson Education’s Inspired Instruction website at nelson.com/inspired/ to find
out more about NETA.
The following instructor resources have been created for Basic Bookkeeping.
Access these ultimate tools for customizing lectures and presentations at nelson.com
/instructor.
●● Instructor’s Solutions Manual: Prepared by Brooke C.W. Barker, the solu-
tions manual contains the solutions for all of the chapter exercises and the
KBC Decorating Co. case study. Solutions have been independently checked
to ensure their accuracy and reliability.
●● NETA Test Bank: This resource was written by Jake Chazan of Seneca
College. It includes over 100 multiple-choice questions written according to
NETA guidelines for effective construction and development of higher-order
questions. Also included are true/false and short-answer questions.
®
The NETA Test Bank is available in a new, cloud-based platform.
Nelson Testing Powered by Cognero® is a secure online testing system
that allows instructors to author, edit, and manage test bank content from
anywhere Internet access is available. No special installations or downloads
are needed, and the desktop-inspired interface, with its drop-down menus
and familiar, intuitive tools, allows instructors to create and manage tests
with ease. Multiple test versions can be created in an instant, and content
can be imported or exported into other systems. Tests can be delivered from
a learning management system, the classroom, or wherever an instructor
chooses. Nelson Testing Powered by Cognero for Basic Bookkeeping: An Office
Simulation, Eighth Edition, can be accessed through nelson.com/instructor.
●● PowerPoint Presentation: Microsoft® PowerPoint® lecture slides for every
chapter have been prepared by Jake Chazan of Seneca College. There is an
average of 35 slides per chapter, many featuring key figures and tables from
Basic Bookkeeping: An Office Simulation, Eighth Edition. NETA principles of
clear design and engaging content have been incorporated throughout.
●● Image Library: This resource consists of digital copies of figures and short
tables used in the book. Instructors may use these jpegs to create their own
PowerPoint presentations.

STUDENT ANCILLARIES
Working Papers (978-0-17-682784-7)
This supplement contains working materials for the practice exercises and for the
KBC Decorating Co. (introduced in Chapter 3) case study. Special ledger accounts
and trial balances have been included expressly for work on the case study.

NEL

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 PREFACE xv

Companion Web Site

Nelson Education’s Companion Web Site for Basic Bookkeeping: An Office Simula­
tion, Eighth Edition (nelson.com/student), brings course concepts to life with
interactive learning and exam preparation tools that integrate with the printed
textbook, including:
●● Flashcards
●● PowerPoint presentations
●● Supplementary exercises
●● Alternative Case Study

Acknowledgments
I wish to thank all the reviewers of the previous edition of Basic Bookkeeping: An
Office Simulation for their opinions and suggestions on how to change and improve
the material. There were so many great ideas and suggestions; the difficult task
was putting them all together. I would like to acknowledge those who assisted
in reviewing this edition and earlier editions of this textbook: Dennis Adolph of
Saskatoon Business College, Nicole Ayotte of Canadore College, Daniel Basquill
of Eastern College, Dianne Berlenbach of Fleming College, Ruby (Rupinderbant)
K. Brar of SAIT, Julia Bueckert of Saskatoon Business College, Sylvia Culshaw
of Red Deer College, Denise Dodson of Nova Scotia Community College, Dana
Goedbloed of Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Kim Hyatt of Robertson Col-
lege, Diamond Meuse of Eastern College, Kerri Simich of Niagara College, Gorian
Surlan of George Brown College, Vicki Sutherland of College of New Caledonia,
Marcia Whittaker of Saskatoon Business College, and Colin Wilkie of George
Brown College. Special thanks to Sharla Trudell of Fleming College, the technical
checker for this edition. As well, I wish to thank my accounting students for their
participation in “test driving” my new exercises. Last, but certainly not least, I
express a special thanks to all the staff at Nelson for their assistance in producing
this eighth edition.

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 CHAPTER
OBJECTIVES
After completing this
chapter, you will be
able to:
●● define the three forms

of business organization
●● define the five

categories of accounts:
assets, liabilities, CHAPTER

1
owner’s equity,
revenues, and expenses
●● classify accounts

according to the five

categories
●● identify the generally

accepted accounting
principles

IMPORTANT TERMS
USED IN THIS
CHAPTER
Assets
Balance Sheet
Bookkeeping
Corporation
Expenses
GAAP (Generally
Accepted Accounting
Principles)
AN INTRODUCTION
Income Statement
Liabilities
Owner’s Equity
TO BOOKKEEPING
Partnership
Proprietorship
Revenue

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2 CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Bookkeeping

T he word bookkeeping typically refers to the recording and recordkeeping

phase of the overall process called accounting. More simply put, book-
keeping is the process of keeping records of sales and purchases, money
received and money paid out, as well as all costs incurred in running the business.

BOOKKEEPING ON A PERSONAL LEVEL

On a basic level, bookkeeping is what you do when you keep track of your own
financial activities in a personal chequing account. It is your record of the money
you received and the money you spent.
Fun Fact
Your chequebook is your record of all deposits made to the chequing account
and all payments made from the account, whether by cheque, by debit card, or
“Bookkeeping” and “bookkeeper”
are the only English words that even by electronic payments such as PayPal. (See Figure 1.1.) But where did the
have three consecutive double money come from that was deposited to the account? To whom were the cheques
letters. issued? What did those cheques pay for? Where was the debit card used, and
what was purchased? Some people are careful about recording each transaction

Figure 1.1 Chequebook Record

Apr.
1 930 00
Apr. Hill Realty
1 64 Rent 650 00 280 00
Food Basket
4 debit Groceries 50 00 230 00
Provincial Power
6 65 Hydro Bill 95 00 135 00
Food Basket
11 debit Groceries 35 00 100 00

15 Paycheque 872 50 972 50

Gregg’s Auto Service
16 debit Car Tune-Up 75 00 897 50
L’il Corner Store
19 debit Groceries 25 00 872 50
Cell-Tel
23 66 Cell Phone Bill 45 00 827 50
Topper’s Tailors
25 debit New Clothes 155 00 672 50
Food Basket
26 debit Groceries 60 00 612 50

30 Paycheque 872 50 1,485 00

Petro-Gas Bar
30 debit Gas & Oil 150 00 1,335 00

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 CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Bookkeeping 3

that affects their chequing account. Others are not. So, then, just how important
is this information? Perhaps more important than you think. A record of cash
flow (the movement of cash into and out of your account) helps you plan your
spending over the coming days, weeks, and months. If, for example, you have
only a small amount of money in your bank account, you likely would not be
planning any major spending, such as buying a shiny new sports car or booking
a tropical vacation.
Marvin Reese, for instance, has his eye on a new car, but he is not sure if
he can afford to buy it. His bank account shows a balance of only $1,335—not
nearly enough for his dream car! From the chequebook record in Figure 1.1, we
get some idea of Marvin’s spending habits. A simple chart helps us see at a glance
where his money comes from and where it goes each month.

Cash In (deposits) Cash Out (cheques and debit card)

Paycheques $872.50 Rent $650.00
872.50 Hydro & phone 140.00
Food 170.00
Automobile 225.00
Other 155.00
$1,745.00 $1,340.00

On the one side, we see his deposits, which are usually his paycheques. On the
other, we see a list of what he spends his money on every month. Simple arith-
metic shows us that Marvin would be able to save $1,745 − $1,340 = $405 each
month. Keep in mind, however, that we have not yet considered other costs, such
as annual insurance costs on his car and his apartment, or regular or unforeseen
car repairs and maintenance. At this rate, Marvin could be saving for many years
before he has enough money to buy a new car.
As an alternative to saving the money he needs, Marvin might be able to get
a car loan from the bank. First, though, he will need to make a list of everything
he owns, including his existing car, any investments (such as savings bonds and
education funds), and all debts he currently owes, including any existing bank
loans, student loans, and amounts owing on credit cards. The bank will want to
know his present financial situation and will use this and other information to see
if Marvin is eligible for a bank loan.

Things He Owns Debts He Owes

Cash $1,335.00 Credit Cards $1,450.00
Car 7,500.00 Topper’s Tailors 390.00
Furniture 2,000.00 Gregg’s Auto 270.00
Savings Bonds 2,500.00
$13,335.00 $2,110.00

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4 CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Bookkeeping

This kind of detailed personal recordkeeping not only helps us make better
day-to-day decisions about spending but also helps us set long-term goals for
major purchases. By looking back over the financial activities of previous months
and years, we get a picture of spending habits. This is helpful in establishing a
budget so that money is spent wisely.

BOOKKEEPING FOR BUSINESS

Lance Reed, on the other hand, is a college student with his own part-time
business doing yard work for his neighbours—cutting grass in the summer and
clearing snow in the winter. For his business, Lance keeps track of the same kind
of information that Marvin does—that is, where his money comes from and how
it is spent.

Cash In (deposits) Cash Out (cheques and debit card)

Earnings from yard work:
J. Tunnicliffe $187.00 Gasoline/oil $155.00
L. Porth 85.00 Garbage bags 45.00
B. Szuuts 150.00 Miscellaneous 15.00
D. Essig 50.00
$472.00 $215.00

Also, Lance will prepare a list of what his business owns (called assets) and all
the debts he owes (called liabilities).

Things Owned (Assets) Debts Owed (Liabilities)

Lawnmower $550.00 Loan from father $120.00
Other tools 140.00
$690.00 $120.00

Based on these figures, we can calculate Lance’s net personal investment in

his business: $690 – $120 = $570. This value is sometimes called equity or
net worth.
Suppose, then, that upon graduating from college, Lance decides to operate
his business on a full-time basis. To get started properly, he prepares the two
statements that we discussed earlier and takes this information to the bank in
order to apply for a $15,000 loan so he can buy a used truck and some additional
equipment (more tools and another lawnmower).
The bank will ask that the information be prepared in a more formal fashion.
The statement of assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity is commonly called a
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 CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Bookkeeping 5

Figure 1.2 Balance Sheet

Lance Reed
Balance Sheet
June 30, 20—
ASSETS
Equipment:
Lawnmower 5 5 0 00
Tools 1 4 0 00
6 9 0 00
LIABILITIES
Loan (Father) 1 2 0 00
EQUITY
Capital, L. Reed 5 7 0 00
6 9 0 00

Balance Sheet. (See Figure 1.2.) The statement that shows his business earnings
and operating costs is an Income Statement. (See Figure 1.3.)
Assuming the loan to Lance has been granted by his bank and he has pur-
chased the additional items he needs, Figure 1.4 shows a new Balance Sheet for
his business today. The loan for $15,000 appears in the Liabilities section, and the
truck and additional equipment appear in the Assets section.
You can see that the information recorded by an individual and the informa-
tion recorded by a small business are very much the same. Company information,
however, is generally kept more formally and is displayed formally for the benefit
of others who must also interpret it. Examples of real-world financial statements
can be found in Appendix A of this textbook.

Figure 1.3 Income Statement

Lance Reed
Income Statement
For three months ending June 30, 20—
REVENUE
Yard Service 4 7 2 00
OPERATING COSTS
Gas/Oil 1 5 5 00
Garbage Bags 4 5 00
Miscellaneous 1 5 00 2 1 5 00
NET INCOME 2 5 7 00

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6 CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Bookkeeping

Figure 1.4 Balance Sheet

Lance Reed
Balance Sheet
July 15, 20—
ASSETS
Cash 1 0 0 0 00
Truck 11 0 0 0 00
Equipment:
Lawnmower 2 5 5 0 00
Tools 1 1 4 0 00 3 6 9 0 00
15 6 9 0 00
LIABILITIES
Loan (Father) 1 2 0 00
Loan (Bank) 15 0 0 0 00 15 1 2 0 00

EQUITY
Capital, L. Reed 5 7 0 00
15 6 9 0 00

THREE FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION

Since our focus is on learning how to keep books for business, we will consider
the different forms of business organization. Every business, regardless of size or
type, falls into one of the three basic forms of organization: proprietorship, part-
nership, or corporation.

1. Proprietorship refers to a business owned by one person, such as a gro-

cery store, a dress shop, or a TV repair shop. (Lance Reed’s yard care busi-
ness is a proprietorship because he is the sole owner.) In a proprietorship,
the owner is the manager, the owner makes all the business decisions, and
the owner is personally responsible for all the debts of the business, such
as bank loans, mortgages, and accounts owing to suppliers.

2. Partnership refers to a business owned by two or more persons. These co-

owners, or partners, combine their skills and financial resources (money)
to form what they hope will be a successful business. The partners share
the management and decision making, and are fully responsible for all the
debts of the business. Any two or more people who have combined their
skills and financial resources to operate a hardware store, a restaurant, or
a computer repair shop, for example, have formed a partnership.

3. Corporation refers to a business that is a separate legal entity operating

under a government charter. Entity, in this context, means that the busi-
ness is separate from the owners (called shareholders or stockholders), almost
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 CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Bookkeeping 7

as if it too is a person. The ownership of a corporation is divided into shares

or stocks. The most familiar examples of public corporations include large
national and multinational companies, such as Coca-Cola, Microsoft,
and Air Canada. The oldest corporation in Canada is the Hudson’s Bay
Company, which started business in 1670. (The topics of partnerships and
corporations will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 11.)
Whether the business is large or small, or whether it is a proprietorship,
a partnership, or a corporation, the basic principles of bookkeeping are the same: a
clear, accurate record of all financial activities must be maintained and reported
in a form that can be interpreted and verified by others.

THE FIVE CATEGORIES OF ACCOUNTS

Next, we will look at some of the basic terminology commonly used in the book-
keeping and accounting fields. These terms apply whether we are talking about
the financial activities of an individual, such as Marvin Reese; of a small business,
such as Lance Reed’s yard care company; or of a large corporation, such as The
Bay or Canadian Tire.
Assets are things of value that are owned by the business and are expected
to benefit the business into future years. Examples include cash, land, buildings,
furniture, equipment, and inventories of merchandise and supplies. Amounts
owing to the business from its customers (called Accounts Receivable) are also of
value to the business, so they too are considered assets. Lance Reed’s assets include
the lawnmowers, the truck, and the tools he uses in his yard work. If any of his
customers have not yet paid him for work already completed, these amounts are
his accounts receivable and would be included among his assets.
Liabilities are debts owing to others. Examples include debts owing to sup-
pliers (Accounts Payable) and debts owing to a bank or mortgage company (Bank
Loan Payable and Mortgage Payable). If Lance had bought his tools from a local
hardware store and had agreed to pay the amount over the next 60 days, this debt
would be considered an account payable. His loan from the bank would be shown
on his books as Bank Loan Payable.
Equity (sometimes called Owner’s Equity) represents the value of assets
remaining after all liabilities have been deducted. The owner’s equity typically
comes from two sources:
1. Investments made by the owner to start the business, such as the cash, furni-
ture, equipment, etc. (Lance Reed invested a lawnmower and cash when he
started his business.)
2. Profits (or losses) earned through the operation of the business. The goal of
most businesses is to earn a profit. These profits, if kept within the business,
increase the worth (or equity) of the business.
On the Balance Sheet for Lance Reed’s business (Figure 1.4), the equity value
can be seen as Capital, a common term referring to the owner’s investment.
Capital is determined by calculating the difference between the total assets and
the total liabilities ($15,690 – $15,120 = $570).
Revenue refers to the earnings from the sale of goods and/or services to
customers. In Lance Reed’s case, some of his customers will pay immediately for
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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Sireno anduuo perdido por la
hermosa pastora Diana? La otra
le respondio: esta sin duda debe
ser: porque junto a vna fuente,
que está cerca de este prado, me
dizen que fue la despedida de los
dos digna de ser para siempre
celebrada, segun las amorosas
razones que entre ellos passaron.
Cuando Sireno esto oyó quedó
fuera si en uer que las tres
nimphas tuuiessen noticia de sus
desuenturas. Y prosiguiendo
Cinthia dixo: Y en esta misma
ribera ay otras muy hermosas
pastoras y otros pastores
enamorados, adonde el amor ha
mostrado grandissimos effectos, y
algunos muy al contrario de lo
que se esperaua. La tercera, que
Polidora se llamaua, le respondio:
cosa es essa de que yo no me
espantaria, porque no ay
successo en amor por auieso que
sea, que ponga espanto a los que
por estas cosas han passado.
Mas dime, Dorida, ¿cómo sabes
tú de essa despedida? Selo (dixo
Dorida) porque al tiempo que se
despidieron junto a la fuente que
digo lo oyó Celio, que desde
encima de un roble les estaria
acechando, y la puso toda al pie
de la letra en uerso, de la misma
manera que ella passó; por esso
si me escuchays, al son de mi
instrumento pienso cantalla.
Cinthia le respondio: hermosa
Dorida, los hados te sean
fauorables, como nos es alegre tu
gracia y hermosura, y no menos
sera oyrte cantar cosa tanto para
saber. Y tomando Doria su harpa,
començo a cantar desta manera:

Canto de la nimpha.

Ivnto a una uerde ribera,

de arboleda singular,
donde para se alegrar
otro que mas libre fuera,
hallara tiempo y lugar:
Sireno, un triste pastor,
recogia su ganado,
tan de ueras lastimado
quanto burlando el amor
descansa el enamorado.
Este pastor se moria
por amores de Diana,
una pastora loçana
que en hermosura excedia
la naturaleza humana,
la qual jamas tuuo cosa
que en si no fuese estremada,
pues ni pudo ser llamada
discreta, por no hermosa:
ni hermosa por no auisada.
No era desfauorecido,
que a serlo quiça pudiera
con el uso que tuuiera,
suffrir despues de partido,
lo que de absencia sintiera:
Que el coraçon desusado,
de suffrir pena, o tormento,
si no sobra entendimiento,
qualquier pequeño cuydado
le cautiua el suffrimiento.
Cabe un rio caudaloso,
Ezla por nombre llamado,
andaua el pastor cuytado
de absencia muy temeroso,
repastando su ganado:
Y a su pastora aguardando
está con graue passion,
que estaua aquella sazon
su ganado apacentando
en los montes de Leon.
Estaua el triste pastor
en quanto no parescia,
imaginando aquel dia
en que el falso dios de Amor
dio principio a su alegria:
Y dize viendose tal:
el bien que el amor me ha
dado
ymagino yo cuytado,
porque este cercano mal
lo sienta despues doblado.
El sol por ser sobre tarde
con su fuego no le offende,
mas el que de amor depende,
y en el su coraçon arde
mayores llamas enciende.
La passion lo combidaua,
la arboleda le mouia,
el rio parar hazia,
el ruyseñor ayudaua
a estos uersos que dezia.
 Cancion de Sireno.

Al partir llama partida

el que no sabe de amor,
mas yo le llamo un dolor
que se acaba con la uida.
Y quiera Dios que yo pueda
esta uida sustentar,
hasta que llegue al lugar
donde el coraçon me queda;
porque el pensar en partida
me pone tan gran pauor
que a la fuerça del dolor
no podra esperar la uida.
Esto Sireno cantaua
y con su rabel tañia,
tan ageno de alegria,
quel llorar non le dejaua
pronunciar lo que dezia.
Y por no caer en mengua
si le estorua su passion,
accento, o pronunciacion,
lo que empezaua la lengua
acabaua el coraçon.
Ya despues que vuo
cantado,
Diana vió que venia
tan hermosa, que vestia
de nueua color el prado,
donde sus ojos ponia.
Su rostro como vna flor,
y tan triste que es locura
pensar que humana criatura
juzgue qual era mayor,
la tristeza o hermosura.
Muchas uezes se paraua
bueltos los ojos al suelo,
y con tan gran desconsuelo
otras uezes los alçaua
que los incaua en el cielo:
Diziendo con más dolor,
que cabe en entendimiento:
pues el bien trae tal
descuento,
de oy más bien puedes, amor,
guardar tu contentamiento.
La causa de sus enojos
muy claro alli la mostraua;
si lagrimas derramaua
preguntenlo a aquellos ojos
con que a Sireno mataua.
Si su amor era sin par,
su ualor no lo encubria,
y si la absencia temia
pregúntelo a este cantar
que con lagrimas dezia:

Cancion de Diana

No me diste, o crudo amor

el bien que tuue en presencia,
sino porque el mal de
absencia
me parezca muy mayor.
Das descanso, das reposo,
no por dar contentamiento,
mas porque esté el
suffrimiento
algunos tiempos ocioso.
Ved qué inuenciones de amor
darme contento en presencia,
porque no tenga en absencia
reparo contra el dolor.
 Siendo Diana llegada
donde sus amores uio,
hablar quiso y no habló[1240],
y el triste no dixo nada,
aunque el hablar cometio:
Quanto auia que hablar,
en los ojos lo mostrauan,
mostrando lo que callauan,
con aquel blando mirar
con que otras uezes hablauan.
Ambos juntos se sentaron,
debaxo un myrtho florido,
cada uno de otro uencido
por las manos se tomaron,
casi fuera de sentido:
Porque el plazer de mirarse,
y el pensar presto no uerse,
los hazen enternescerse
de manera que a hablarse,
ninguno pudo atreuerse,
Otras uezes se topauan
en esta uerde ribera,
pero muy de otra manera
el toparse celebrauan,
que esta que fue la postrera:
Estraño effecto de amor
verse dos que se querian,
todo quanto ellos podian
y recebir mas dolor,
que al tiempo que no se uian.
Via Sireno llegar
el graue dolor de absencia,
ni alli le basta paciencia,
ni alcança para hablar
de sus lagrimas licençia.
A su pastora miraua,
su pastora mira a él,
y con un dolor cruel
la habló, mas no hablaua
que el dolor habla por él.
¿Ay, Diana, quien dixera,
que quando yo más penara
que ninguno imaginara,
en la hora que te uiera
mi alma no descansara?
¿En qué tiempo y qué sazon,
creyera (señora mia)
que alguna cosa podria
causarme mayor passion
que tu presencia alegria?
¿Quién pensara que estos
ojos
algun tiempo me mirassen,
que, señora, no atajassen,
todos los males y enojos
que mis males me causassen?
Mira, señora, mi suerte,
si ha traydo buen rodeo;
que si antes mi desseo
me hizo morir por uerte,
ya muero porque te veo.
Y no es por falta de amarte,
pues nadie estuuo tan firme,
mas por porque suelo uenirme
a estos prados a mirarte,
y aora uengo a despedirme:
Oy diera por no te uer,
aunque no tengo otra uida,
esta alma de ti uencida
solo por entretener
el dolor de la partida.
Pastora, dame licencia
que diga que mi cuydado
sientes en el mismo grado,
que no es mucho en tu
presencia
mostrarme tan confiado.
Pues Diana, si es asi,
¿cómo puedo yo partirme?
¿o tú cómo dexas yrme?
¿o cómo uengo yo aqui
sin empacho a despedirme?
Ay Dios, ay pastora mia,
¿cómo no ay razon que das
para de ti me quexar?
¿y cómo tú cada dia
la ternás de me oluidar?
No me hazes tú partir
esto tambien lo dire,
menos lo haze mi fe:
y si quisiesse dezir
quien lo haze: no lo sé.
Lleno de lagrimas tristes,
y a menudo sospirando
estaua el pastor hablando
estas palabras que oystes,
y ella las oye llorando:
a responder se offrescio,
mil uezes lo cometia,
mas de triste no podia
y por ella respondio
el amor que le tenía.
A tiempo estoy, o Sireno,
que dire mas que quisiera:
que aun que mi mal
s'entendiera
tuuiera, pastor, por bueno,
el callarlo, si pudiera.
Mas ay de mí desdichada,
uengo a tiempo a descubrillo,
que ni aprovecha dezillo
para escusar mi jornada,
ni para yo despidillo.
¿Porqué te uas, di, pastor,
porqué me quieres dexar
donde el tiempo y el lugar,
y el gozo de nuestro amor,
no se me podra oluidar?
¿Que sentiré, desdichada,
llegando a este ualle ameno,
cuando diga: ¡ah tiempo
bueno,
aqui estuue yo sentada,
hablando con mi Sireno!
Mira si será tristeza,
no uerte, y uer este prado,
de arboles tan adornado,
y mi nombre en su corteza,
por tus manos señalado:
o si aurá igual dolor,
que el lugar adó me uiste,
uerle tan solo, y tan triste,
donde con tan gran temor
tu pena me descubriste.
Si esso duro coraçon
se ablanda para llorar
¿no se podria ablandar
para uer la sin razon,
que hazes en me dexar?
Oh, no llores, mi pastor,
que son lagrimas en uano;
y no esta el seso muy sano
de aquel que llora el dolor,
si el remedio está en su mano.
Perdoname, mi Sireno,
si te offendo en lo que digo,
dexa me hablar contigo
en aqueste valle ameno,
do no me dexas comigo.
Que no quiero ni aun burlando
uerme apartada de ti:
¿No te uayas, quieres, di?
duelate ora uer llorando
los ojos con que te ui».
Volvio Sireno a hablar,
dixo: ya deues sentir
si yo me quisiera yr,
mas tú me mandas quedar,
y mi uentura partir.
Viendo tu gran hermosura,
estoy, señora, obligado,
a obedecer te de grado;
mas triste, que a mi uentura
he de obedeçer forçado.
Es la partida forçada,
pero no por causa mia,
que qualquier bien dexaria
por uerte en esta majada,
do ui el fin de mi alegria.
Mi amo aquel gran pastor,
es quien me haze partir,
a quien presto uea uenir
tan lastimado de amor,
como yo me siento yr.
Oxala estuuiera aora,
porque tú fueras seruida,
en mi mano mi partida
como en la tuya, señora,
está mi muerte y mi uida.
Mas creeme que es muy en
uano,
segun contino me siento
passarte por pensamiento
que pueda estar en mi mano,
cosa que me dé contento.
 Bien podria yo dexar
mi rebaño y mi pastor,
y buscar otro señor:
mas si el fin voy a mirar
no conuiene a nuestro amor:
Que dexan lo este rebaño,
y tomando otro qualquiera,
dime tú de que manera
podré uenir sin tu daño
por esta uerde ribera:
Si la fuerça desta llama
me detiene, es argumento
que pongo en ti el
pensamiento:
y uengo a uender tu fama,
señora, por mi contento.
Si dizen que mi querer
en ti lo puedo emplear,
a ti te uiene a dañar
¿que yo qué puedo perder?
¿o tú qué puedes ganar?
La pastora a esta sazon
respondió con gran dolor:
Para dexarme, pastor,
¿cómo has hallado razon,
pues que no la ay en amor?
Mala señal es hallarse,
pues vemos por esperiencia,
que aquel que sabe en
presencia
dar desculpa de absentarse,
sabra suffrir el absencia.
Ay triste, que pues te uas,
no sé qué será de ti,
ni sé que será de mi,
ni si allá te acordaras,
que me uiste o que te ui?
Ni sé si recibo engaño,
en auerte descubierto
este dolor que me ha muerto:
mas lo que fuere en mi daño,
esto sera lo más cierto.
No te duelan mis enojos,
vete, pastor, a embarcar,
passa de presto la mar,
pues que por la de mis ojos
tan presto puedes passar.
Guardete Dios de tormenta,
Sireno mi dulce amigo,
y tenga siempre contigo
la fortuna mejor cuenta,
que tú la tienes comigo.
Muero en uer que se
despiden
mis ojos de su alegria,
y es tan grande el agonia
que estas lagrimas me
impiden
dezirte lo que queria.
Estos mis ojos, zagal,
antes que cerrados sean
ruego yo a Dios que te uean;
que aunque tú causas su mal
ellos no te lo dessean.
Respondió: señora mia,
nunca viene solo vn mal,
y vn dolor aunque mortal
siempre tiene compañia,
con otro mas principal.
Y assi uerme yo partir
de tu vista y de mi uida,
no es pena tan desmedida,
como verte a ti sentir
tan de veras mi partida.
 Mas si yo acaso oluidare
los ojos en que me vi,
oluidese Dios de mi,
o si en cosa imaginare,
mi señora, si no en ti.
Y si agena hermosura
causare en mí mouimiento,
por vna hora de contento
me trayga mi desuentura
cien mil años de tormento.
E si mudare mi fe
por otro nueuo cuydado,
cayga del mejor estado
que la fortuna me dé
en el más desesperado.
No me encargues la venida,
muy dulce señora mia,
porque assaz de mal sería
tener vo en algo la uida
fuera de tu compañia.
Respondiole: oh mi Sireno,
si algun tiempo te oluidare,
las yeruas que yo pisare
por aqueste ualle ameno
se sequen quando passare.
Y si el pensamiento mio
en otra parte pusiere,
suplico a Dios que si fuere
con mis ouejas al rio
se seque quando me uiere.
Toma, pastor, vn cordon
que hize de mis cabellos,
porque se te acuerde en uellos
que tomaste possession
de mi coraçon y dellos.
Y este anillo as de lleuar
do estan dos manos asidas,
 que aunque se acaben las
uidas,
no se pueden apartar
dos almas que estan vnidas.
Y él dixo: que te dexar
no tengo, si este cayado
y este mi rabel preciado,
con que tañer y cantar
me uias por este prado:
Al son dél, pastora mia,
te cantaua mis canciones,
contando tus perfecciones,
y lo que de amor sentia
en dulces lamentaciones.
Ambos a dos se abraçaron,
y esta fue la uez primera,
y pienso fue la postrera
porque los tiempos mudaron
el amor de otra manera.
E aunque a Diana le dio
pena rauiosa y mortal
la ausencia de su zagal,
en ella misma halló
el remedio de su mal.

Acabó la hermosa Dorida el

suaue canto, dexando admiradas
á Cinthia y Polidora en uer que
una pastora fuesse vaso donde
amor tan encendido pudiesse
caber. Pero tambien lo quedaron
de imaginar cómo el tiempo auia
curado su mal, paresciendo en la
despedida sin remedio. Pues el
sin uentura Sireno en quanto la
pastora con el dulce canto
manifestaua sus antiguas cuytas
y sospiros, no dexaua de darlos
tan a menudo, que Seluagia y
Syluano eran poca parte para
consolalle, porque no menos
lastimado estaua entonces, que al
tiempo que por él avian passado.
Y espantose mucho de uer que
tan particularmente se supiesse lo
que con Diana passado auia.
Pues no menos admiradas
estaban Seluagia, y Syluano, de
la gracia con que Dorida cantaua
y tañia. A este tiempo las
hermosas nimphas, tomando
cada una su instrumento, se yuan
por el uerde prado adelante, bien
fuera de sospecha de podelles
acaecer lo que aora oyreys. E fue,
que auiendose alexado muy poco
de adonde los pastores estauan,
salieron de entre unas retamas
altas, a mano derecha del
bosque, tres saluages, de extraña
grandeza y fealdad. Venían
armados de coseletes y celadas
de cuero de tigre. Eran de tan fea
catadura, que ponian espanto, los
coseletes trayan por braçales
unas bocas de serpientes, por
donde sacauan los braços que
gruessos y uellosos parescian, y
las celadas uenian a hazer
encima de la frente unas
espantables cabeças de leones,
lo demas trayan desnudo,
cubierto de espesso y largo uello,
unos bastones herrados de muy
agudas puntas de azero. Al cuello
trayan sus arcos, y flechas, los
escudos eran de unas conchas de
pescado muy fuerte. E con una
increyble ligereza arremeten a
ellas diziendo: a tiempo estays, o
ingratas y desamoradas Nimphas,
que os obligaua la fuerça a lo que
el amor no os ha podido obligar,
que no era justo que la fortuna
hiziesse tan grande agrauio á
nuestros captiuos coraçones
como era dilatalles tanto su
remedio. En fin tenemos en la
mano el galardon de los sospiros,
con que a causa uuestra,
importunauamos las aues, y
animales de la escura y
encantada selua donde
habitamos, y de las ardientes
lagrimas con que haziamos
crescer el impetuoso, y turbio rio
que sus temerosos campos ua
regando. E pues para que
quedeys con las uidas, no teneys
otro remedio, sino dalle, a nuestro
mal, no deys lugar a que nuestras
crueles manos tomen uengança
de la que de nuestros affligidos
coraçones aueys tomado. Las
nimphas con el subito sobresalto,
quedaron tan fuera de si, que no
supieron responder a las
soberuias palabras que oyan, sino
con lagrimas. Mas la hermosa
Dorida, que más en si estaua que
las otras, respondió: Nunca yo
pense que el amor pudiera traer a
tal estremo a un amante, que
viniesse a las manos con la
persona amada. Costumbre es de
couardes tomar armas contra las
mugeres: y en un campo donde
no hay quien por nosotras puede
responder, sino es nuestra razon.
Mas de una cosa (ó crueles)
podeys estar seguros, y es, que
nuestras amenazas no nos harán
perder un punto de lo que a
nuestra honestidad deuemos, y
que más facilmente os dexaremos
la uida en las manos, que la
honra. Dorida (dixo uno dellos) a
quien de mal tratarnos ha tenido
poca razon no es menester
escuchalle alguna. E sacando el
cordel al arco que al cuello traya,
le tomó sus hermosas manos, y
muy descomedidamente se las
ató, y lo mismo hizieron sus
compañeros a Cinthia y a
Polidora. Los dos pastores y la
pastora Seluagia, que atonitos
estauan de lo que los saluages
hazian, uiendo la crueldad con
que a las hermosas nimphas
tratauan, y no pudiendo suffrillo,
determinaron de morir o
defendellas. E sacando todos tres
sus hondas proueydos sus
zurrones de piedras salieron al
uerde prado, y comiençan a tirar a
los saluages, con tanta maña y
esfuerço, como si en ello les fuera
la uida. E pensando occupar a los
saluages, de manera que en
quanto ellos se defendian, las
nimphas se pusiessen en saluo,
les dauan la mayor priessa que
podian, mas los saluages
recelosos de lo que los pastores
imaginauan, quedando el uno en
guarda de las prisioneras, los dos
procurauan herirlos ganando
tierra. Pero las piedras eran
tantas, y tan espessas, que se lo
defendian. De manera que en
quanto las piedras los duraron,
los saluages lo passaban mal,
pero como despues los pastores
se occuparon en baxarse por
ellas, los saluages se les
allegauan con sus pesados
alfanges en las manos, tanto que
ya ellos estauan sin esperança de
remedio. Mas no tardó mucho que
de entre la espessura del bosque,
junto a la fuente donde cantauan,
salio una pastora de tan grande
hermosura y disposicion, que los
que la uieron quedaron
admirados. Su arco tenia colgado
del braço yzquierdo y vna aljaua
de saetas al hombro, en las
manos un baston de syluestre
enzina, en el cabo del qual auia
una muy larga punta de azero.
Pues como assi uiesse las tres
Nimphas, la contienda entre los
dos saluages, y los pastores, que
ya no esperauan, sino la muerte,
poniendo con gran presteza vna
aguda saeta en su arco, con tan
grandissima fuerza y destreza la
despidio, que al uno de los
saluages se la dexó escondida en
el duro pecho. De manera que la
de amor, que el coraçon le
traspassaua, perdio su fuerça, y
el saluage la uida a bueltas della.
Y no fue perezosa en poner otra
saeta en su arco, ni menos
diestra en tiralla, pues fue de
manera, que acabó con ella las
passiones enamoradas del
segundo saluage, como las del
primero auia acabado. Y
queriendo tirar al tercero, que en
guarda de las tres Nimphas
estaua, no pudo tan presto
hazello, que él no se uiniesse a
juntar con ella, queriendo la herir
con su pesado alfange. La
hermosa pastora alçó el baston, y
como el golpe descargasse sobre
las barras del fino azero que
tenia, el alfange fue hecho dos
pedaços: y la hermosa pastora le
dio tan gran golpe con su baston,
por encima de la cabeça, que le
hizo arrodillar y yuntandole[1241]
con la azerada punta a los ojos,
con tan gran fuerça le apreto, que
por medio de los sesos se lo
passó a la otra parte: y el feroz
saluage dando vn espantable
grito, cayó muerto en el suelo.
Las nimphas viendose libres de
tan gran fuerça, y los pastores y
pastora de la muerte de la qual
muy cerca estauan: y viendo
cómo por el gran esfuerço de
aquella pastora, ansi vnos como
otros auian escapado, no podian
juzgarla por cosa humana. A esta
hora, llegandose la gran pastora a
ellas, las començo a desatar las
manos, diziendoles: No
merescian menos pena que la
que tienen, o hermosas nimphas,
quien tan lindas manos osaua
atar, que mas son ellas para atar
coraçones, que para ser atadas.
Mal ayan hombres tan soberuios,
y de tan mal conoscimiento, mas
ellos, señoras, tienen su pago, y
yo tambien le tengo en aueros
hecho este pequeño seruicio, y en
auer llegado a tiempo que a tan
gran sin razon pudiesse dar
remedio, aunque a estos
animosos pastores, y hermosa
pastora, no en menos se deue
tener lo que an hecho, pero ellos
y yo estamos muy bien pagados,
aunque en ello perdieramos la
vida, pues por tal causa se
auenturaua. Las nimphas
quedaron tan admiradas de su
hermosura y discrecion, como del
esfuerço que en su defensa auia
mostrado. E Dorida con un
gracioso semblante le respondió:
Por cierto, hermosa pastora, si
vos segun el animo y valentia que