EUTHANASIA IN THE SIDE OF ETHICT

David Ming1
1
Abdi Gusti Theological Seminary
[email protected]

Abstract
Everyone can comment on life and death as the saying written by Goerge Arnold, but that
does not mean that everyone can comment on living people being invited to be killed. A
person's death is not a human right to determine it but God, the Creator and Protector of
the whole nature, including humans who have been planned in the line of life and death.
Therefore, when euthanasia arises between the medical and legal circles, then this is not
something that can be forced to exist, especially as long as it is discussed without having
a strong and clear basis. The author will explain what is Euthanasia ?, the question of
Euthanasia's historical problems, the pros and cons of euthanasia, and Euthanasia's
Theological criticism. The author uses a descriptive method of literature and gets
research results as follows: Viewed from the aspect of human rights is a moral
breakdown that needs to be evaluated again whether euthanasia is in accordance with
human rights values because human rights values essentially deny the existence of
euthanasia. Also seen from the religious aspect, euthanasia is never justified. Law 6: "Do
not kill" can not be laughed anymore means that refusing euthanasia.

Keywords: Euthanasia, Ethict , Theological

INTRODUCTION could be convicted, because they were

The problem of euthanasia is not considered to have committed a crime.
solely a problem of medical ethics but It also does not stop there, but it
the matter of the problem is also bio involves various other interdisciplinary
ethics and is therefore interdisciplinary ethics, social, religious, and so on, so
in nature. Even including legal issues, that the problem of euthanasia is truly
euthanasia is usually associated with complex.KUHP Chapter 2 article 344
the issue of suicide or suicide. In the reads: "Anyone who takes the life of
Criminal Law, the issue of suicide that another person at his own request,
needs to be discussed is whether which is clearly stated with sincerity, is
someone who attempted suicide or threatened with imprisonment for a
helped someone else to commit suicide
maximum of twelve years."1Then
another problem arises of the euhanasia is? What is the history of
Indonesian Medical Ethics Code, a
small part also states that doctors are
not allowed to abort the womb
(abortion provocatus) and end the life
of a patient, who according to science
and experience is unlikely to recover
(euthanasia).2
Until recently there was a case of
"Tilly Hutapea Rampen".3, a doctorate
doctorate from Airlangga University of
Surabaya who had been hanging for ten
years without being tested. The story
begins when the dissertation was
submitted, Tilly wrote euthanasia.4 and
Tilly agreed to the practice of
euthanasia by injection. The promoter,
Prof. Dr. Sahetapy.5 did not agree with
Tilly's opinion, so Sahetapy resigned
and his promoter. As a result of this
attitude, Tilly's dissertation has
remained uncertain until now.
Although the Chancellor of Airlangga
has agreed to be tested, but no one
dares to continue (testing it) including
the Chair of the program. .6 So, it turns
out a person's attitude towards the issue
of euthanasia is very important and can
affect his academic career or
profession. So, how far is euthanasia?
Is the positive impact of euthanasia
negative?
This project paper aims to see what exactly
euthanasia so that euthanasia thought can merits of actions.9. According to Situation
emerge? What about the pro and anti Ethics: "Good and bad don't have absolute
euthanasia debates? And finally, the rules. Good and bad depend solely on one's
author tries to contribute in ethical and motivation and love. "
theological thinking to euthanasia.7. Euthanasia is one of the results of the
10
RESEARCH METHODS: New Moral and Situation Ethics. The
situation at that time arose a dilemma: did a
The method used in the writer is literature
doctor have the legal right to end one's life
study method. The method used to answer
at the request of the patient himself or from
research questions on human rights
his family, with the pretext of relieving or
aspects is moral abuse that needs to be
ending the prolonged suffering, without the
evaluated again whether euthanasia is in
doctor himself facing legal consequences.
accordance with human rights values
In this case the doctor faces a legal
because human rights values essentially
conflict.
reject euthanasia. This paper uses a
descriptive literature research method in As an ordinary person, the doctor did not
the form of books and articles as well as have the heart to refuse requests from
various writings that discuss euthanasia. patients and their families. Moreover, the
condition of the patient who had been dying
for months and the doctor knew that the
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
WHAT IS EUTHANASIA? treatment he had been giving had no
Euthanasia comes from two Greek words potential anymore. Said to be dead, the
"eu" and "thanatos", meaning "good patient is still breathing, even if
death" or "gentle death". The closest "artificially"..11 On the other hand, if the
English term is "Mercy Killing"8 despite doctor fulfills the request of the patient and
the word "killing". Euthanasia comes from or his family then the doctor has broken the
the philosophy of the world that is willing oath and law. Because through his help, for
to accept good deeds that are bad, by example by revoking the "respirator", he
saying that bad deeds can change radically has ended the life of a sufferer, moreover
so that it becomes good, due to good someone has been entrusted to him to
motivation and goals. always be guarded about his life. In
This kind of thinking comes from the New addition, he had broken the doctor's oath he
Moral and Situation Ethics which says that had spoken before he went into the
goals and motivations determine the profession as a doctor. 12
Euthanasia is divided into three types, as when the patient is unable to make an
follows.13: assessment or voice a desire on this issue,
1. Help someone so that his death without and therefore does not express any desire,
suffering. The goal is to alleviate the for example in a coma. In this case the
suffering of the patient, until the patient family can take over the decision. Finally
dies without pain. involuntary euthanasia arises when the
patient reveals that he does not want to die,
2. Accelerate the death of someone who is
but is turned off or left to die by another
already sick with the reasons: First, his life
party.
is no longer useful: disabled, crazy,
seriously ill, and so on. Second, it is a
burden for others. Third, there are already EUTHANASIA

too many inhabitants in the world. Fourth, HISTORY

the person is of race or like other QUESTIONS

nationalities. Fifth, that person has "... the innocent and the righteous ye shall

adifferent ideology, even against society. not slay; for I will not justify the wicked"

Sixth, bad people. (Ex. 23: 7b).The Hebrew phrase here

3. Mercy-killing: subtle killings at the translated "innocent" means "imbecile
request of the patient himself, the request [hypocritical, hypocrite], dumb, weak
of the family or the state. indian". Because it was common for nations
Another opinion says that euthanasia is around ancient Israel to kill those with
divided into two, namely: First, active disabilities by strangling them. But the God
euthanasia is used to designate cases of Israel is also the God of the spirits of his
where the patient has actively ended his people.
life, for example by lethal injection (lethal Sparta law also demands that all infants be
injection). Second, passive euthanasia is killed. It is viewed as better than a life that
used to refer to cases where the patient is is not happy for them or for their parents.
not turned off but left to die. Infanticide killings not only occur in Sparta,
While the expansion of active and but also in Athens.
passive euthanasia, voluntary, non- Phitagoras, Plato and Aristotle
voluntary and involuntary euthanasia rejected suicidal acts in order to avoid
appears. Voluntary euthanasia arises when heavy life or to avoid duty to themselves
a patient requests a request to die more and the country, but all three considered it
quickly. Non-voluntary euthanasia arises unreasonable to adopt euthanasia.
In the days of Adolf Hitler issued a decree right to end the life of an incurable patient?
that all "useless lives", namely those with Until an international conference, August
disabilities, were destroyed. Hitler decided 22-23, 1977 [in order to open a World
for himself what was good and what was Legal Conference] in Manila, Philippines,
not worth, and ordered that all that he bringing judges from the Philippines,
thought to be worthless was destroyed. Zambia, Pakistan, Muangthai, Canada,
A Nazi organization called the Senegal, Tanzania, India, Bangladesh, Iraq,
Reichsarbeitgemenschaft Heil und Israel , The Soviet Union, finally
Pflegeanstalten or RAG, a Reich working concluded: "the law does not recognize
group for housing and treatment, worked human rights to die."
on Berlin's Tiegarten 4 Road. Their The World Peace Through Law
patients are called "euthanasia detainees," Center, hosted by the World Peace
because they are designed to carry out a Through Law Center in Manila, was
large-scale homicide program with medical attended by a number of legal and medical
attention and actions. In addition, the Nazis leaders from around the world to discuss
also practiced euthanasia on homosexuals euthanasia, but
in concentration camps of around 500,000 still results like the Supreme Court are hard
casualties, as well as the extermination of to find. to accept euthanasia. However,
the Gypsies of about 200,000 to 600,000 there are already signs that legal and
casualties. Of course euthanasia applied is medical professionals are starting to fight
involuntary euthanasia (the patient does not euthanasia in their respective professions.
want to die, but euthanasia does). English (Scotland): Euthanasia is illegal.
This euthanasia case started to get the However, in 1993 and 1994 the court
world's attention when dr. E.M. Pathy is granted physicians the right to terminate the
authorized by the patient for euthanasia. life of an artificially retained person. In
The elderly patient, Oscar Aged, is in a June 1996 a patient in Scotland was
state of torture because of his incurable “allowed to die.”
illness. Doctors say the patient will have Michigan (USA): US federal law
his death due to an illness. It wasn't long prohibits euthanasia. In November 1998,
before her organs became worse and no voters in the state of Michigan opposed the
longer functioning. Then, the patient legalization of "suicide by aid" in one
begged the doctor to end his life. But, the referendum.
problem is, does the doctor have the legal Oregon (USA): Oregon is the only U.S.
state to legalize euthanasia in 1994 for Netherlands: On April 10, 2001, the
terminally ill patients and to formally Netherlands became the first country in the
request it. However, as a court has ruled world to legalize the Right to Death
against its enforcement, there is no practice (euthanasia) after the Dutch Senate
of euthanasia. approved its draft law amidst the protest
New York (USA): In April 1996, a reaction of thousands of Dutch citizens in
New York-based appeals court, having front of the Dutch Senate Building in The
jurisdiction over the states of Vermont and Hague. The 75 Senate seats produced 46-
Connecticut, approved euthanasia. 28 votes in favor of the promulgation of the
Colombia: Constitutional court approved Right to Death, which had actually been
euthanasia practice in May 1997 for rejected in the past two decades. One
terminally ill patients who explicitly senate member was not present at the vote.
requested it. So doctors who practice euthanasia are not
Australia: The first law on euthanasia in prosecuted if they fulfill a patient's request
the world was passed by parliament in the to die.
Northern Territory in 1966. However, the The requirements to carry out
Australian government issued the repeal of euthanasia are endorsed by the Dutch
the Act eight months later. Parliament that a doctor who will euthanasia
China: In 1998, the government allowed or help someone commit suicide must
hospitals to practice euthanasia for people qualify as eligible:
in the dying phase, if they requested it. 1. The doctor believes that the patient
Denmark: Inpatient patients decide when submitted the request voluntarily and has
their vital care is discontinued. Since considered it carefully.
October 1, 1992, sick patients have died 2. The doctor believes that the suffering of
Sweden: assisting suicide is "an offense for the patient is unbearable, and there is no
which a doctor can not, in extreme cases, prospect of health improvement.
uproot a life support machine. 3. The doctor must inform the patient about
France: Euthanasia is illegal. But, the patient's condition and prospects.
the law distinguishes between active 4. The doctor comes to the conclusion
euthanasia together with the patient that there are no
- the act of intentionally causing death and reasonable alternatives related to the
regarded as murder - seen as a refusal to patient's situation.
prolong the patient's medical function. 5. The doctor has consulted with at least one
other person, an independent doctor, who to Life, said, "I cannot understand the
has studied the patient's condition and Dutch [85% of Dutch people agree with the
provided written opinion about the criteria Euthanasia Law]. I really can't understand.
of care needed. I am sure, in the history book that will be
6. The doctor stops the patient's life or written, we will look back with sadness and
provides rocks for suicide by action and anger at what the Dutch have done,
medical attention. because euthanasia (voluntarily) is a
Children aged 12-16 years are also slippery slope. " However, what Tighe
possible to end their lives voluntarily complained of, contrasted with the British
through euthanasia, but must with parental Humanist Association and the Voluntary
consent. Other parties' permission is not Euthanasia Society. Both of these groups
needed for those who are over 16 years old. agree not even just to agree but they are the
The final permit to implement euthanasia is pioneers promoting (looking for
issued by Regional Health Committees that supporters) pro- euthanasia society.
have existed in each region and have The British Humanist Association
carried out this task since 1996, when said:Humanists are sympathetic to
euthanasia actions began to be accepted by voluntary euthanasia. By this we mean
the public.And euthanasia offenders who helping people to die painlessly if their lives
do not comply with existing regulations have become hopeless, with no prospect of
could face up to 12 years in prison. relief before death; ang if they wish to die.
The Dutch government believes that Both of these conditions must be rigidly
legalizing the Right to Death will reflect adhered to.
the entire opaque content of the law, which And from the Voluntary Euthanasia
leaves the possibility of being open to sue Society:The main objectives of the Society
in court if it does not follow strict rules. are to secure the enactment of the 1969
Voluntary Euthanasia Bill by Parliament.
PRO AND ANTI EUTHANASIA This would authorize doctors to give
It turns out that euthanasia is a fairly euthanasia patients when they wish it,
complex problem, so it cannot be seen provided: (a) the patient has signed an
from the legal and medical aspects alone, appropriate declaration at least 30 days
but many aspects play a role in the previously; (b) two doctors, one of
eutahansia decision. cpnsultant status, have certified in writing
Margaret Tighe, Chair of the NGO Right that the patient is suffering from an
incurable condition likely to cause him or purpose of using euthanasia facilities was
her severe distress or to be incapable of to spark compassion practically. There is
rational existence. no need to explain that medical staff
certainly understand and share the pain of a
1. From the Patient's Angle patient, often the patient's suffering is very
Pro Euthanasia said that first, if the difficult to withstand even though pain
patient's condition was comatose, breathing medication has been given, so motivated by
daily with artificial lungs and eating by compassion, they begin to think seriously
infusion: could such an existence be about euthanasia.
human? Is not what gives meaning and Anti Euthanasia said that students of the
dignity to our existence is precisely our Faculty of Medicine studied medicine for
awareness and responses? Moreover, approximately 7-9 years, with the aim of
doctors have said there is no hope, then just preserving the life of a patient, not to
dieuthanasia. Second, the family cannot revoke it. To restore freshness and health,
afford to pay for what the patient needs the not to facilitate his funeral. So, in other
more the patient is in the hospital, the words, a doctor must not break the oath of
greater the costs. office - he must be loyal to his oath.
Anti Euthanasia said that the patient was Dorothy Marx sees the danger of deciding
actually experiencing extreme a patient's death,
psychological distress. Not just the patient, because: first, the doctor decides something
maybe, his family also feels tortured to see with the limitations of his human ability,
the patient suffering constantly. In the end, while the decision requires God's
the patient is deuthanasia, but who can omniscient knowledge. Second, a doctor
guarantee the reaction of the family left does not always have a correct prognosis,
behind 3-4 months after they were his estimates are not always correct about
abandoned by their lovers? Who dares to the patient's condition. A doctor can do
guarantee that they will escape the great wrong. Third, a doctor does not know God's
psychological shocks caused by guilt: "We plan for his patient. Does God want to
killed him, he died because of us, we have miraculously heal him by means of a
become killers, woe to us." miracle, for the sake and for some of God's
own purposes? Who are we, so we want to
interfere with God's wise and wonderful
2. From the Corner of Medical
plan?
Personnel Pro Euthanasia said that the
 communicate with other people or receive
3. From the Legal Angle communication. Maybe we judge the
Pro Euthanasia like Bichon van person's existence "under human dignity",
Ysselmonde and Lombrosso, Garofalo said but he still reacts to God. Fourth, the
euthanasia was felt to be more practical, implementation of euthanasia sparked the
the cost was mild, more certain than having peak of human rebellion - perhaps
to suffer for long. unnoticed. The implementation of
Anti Euthanasia such as Moderman, euthanasia does not contain the
Becaria, Voltaire, Roeslan Saleh, Sahetapy characteristics of faith. In implementing
basically said the problem of life and death euthanasia, goodness, wisdom, love, the
was determined by His creator, God power of God and so on, everything seems
Almighty. to be denied and doubted. Kars Veling, a
4. From the Corner of Religion member of the Senate from the United
Pro Euthanasia uses John 15:13 as his Christian Party in the Netherlands,
rationale by saying: "There is no greater admitted that religious circles did not
love than the love of one who gives his life approve the eutahansia law. Euthanasia is
for his friends." So, if the coma has to not something that is forced on people, but
sacrifice his life because he does not want is only an option, a last resort, for those
to burden his family - maybe a matter of who have no medical life expectancy
cost or a matter of time that must wait for anymore.
him - then euthanasia is a biblical way. Catholic teaching does not agree. Al
Anti Euthanasia gives the following Budyapranata pr believes that he disagrees
rejection: first, the Bible never prioritizes with eutahansia for the following reasons:
physical life, but spiritual life. For the sake first, that human life has the power of God
of the soul that must be saved, sometimes himself. Second, humans have meaning and
our rough body must be sacrificed. Even value only from God himself. Human value
so the body must be nurtured with full is not the result of people's views, it does
responsibility, but our mortal body is not not depend on achievement (results) or
the same price as our immortal soul. usefulness. Third, we must not judge the
Second, the right to determine the time of fate of others but on the contrary, it is
death is the Creator who has given lives to solider and loves the weak and needs
humans. Third, God can communicate protection. Fourth, endanger others because
with people who are no longer able to of negligence. This murder is always
unintentional, but in fact can be avoided if rights to life", "liberty" and "the security of
the cause is aware of his actions, for person". Regarding the right to life or "the
example: a doctor who gives drugs right to life" hereinafter in "The
inconsequentially. International Covenant on Civil and
Islamic teachings also forbid eutahansia. Political Rights" which took effect
Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. effectively from March 23, 1976, in Part III
narrated by Annas r.a., as follows: Art. 6 (1), states that: "Every human being
"That the Messenger of Allah had said: let has the inherent right to life. This right
not each one of you beg for death, because shall be protected by law. No one shall be
of the hardship that holds it. If it is really arbitrarily deprived of his life ".
necessary for him to do so, then say the Furthermore, in Part III art. 7 stated as
following prayer: O Allah! Extend my age, follows: "No one shall be subjected to
if life is better for me, and kill me when torture or to cruel in human or degrading
death is better for me. " treatment or punishment. Inparticular, no
one shall be subjected without his free
Surat An Nisa 'verse 29, Al An'aam verse consent to medical or scientific
151, Surat Al Isra' verse 31, and Surat Al experimentation. "
A'raf verse 34 also emphasize the As a follow-up, in May 1970, The World
prohibition on euthanasia. For example Health Assembly decided that "The right to
Surat An Nisa 'verse 29:O ye who believe. health is a fundamental human right." So in
Do not eat your neighbor's property by the UN declaration on human rights, what
cheating. Except by the way of trade that is clearly recognized is only the right to
applies voluntarily between you. And do life. According to Djoko Prakoso that these
not kill yourself. Verily Allah is Most human rights are only moral rights and are
Merciful to you. " not yet positive rights, which can be
prosecuted both inside and outside the
THE ETHICAL –THEOLOGICAL court.
CRITICISM Righteous life is a true moral standard
1. Ethical Christian Review for human existence in carrying out his life.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Right needs to be interpreted in: (1) as it is
article 3, states: "Everyone has the right to (should be); right; not wrong; (2) not
live, liberty and the security of person". biased; fair; (3) can be trusted (matches the
This article states that a person has "the real situation); legitimate; Do not lie; true.
So when examined more deeply in the Edeltraut Gatteres, a spokesman for the
meaning of "righteous life", live according European Parliament said that the law
to what it is or match the real conditions; a [euthanasia which was passed by the
true life is not a life of being lied to is a Dutch] was contrary to the European
thought that has firmly rejected the convention on human rights. In Article
presence of euthanasia. The right life Two [human rights values], for example,
allows human existence to live death cannot be imposed on someone
accordingly. If a human being has an intentionally, including those who are
obstacle in his physical disability or deadly or dying. However, the law still
perhaps his mental disability, or illness in a opens the possibility for doctors to be tried
coma, then the existence of life as it is will if they do not meet strict rules. As a result,
allow the human to complete his existence Gatteres strongly rejects the existence of
until he is actually declared dead. And that euthanasia that is contrary to human rights
death is legitimate, is not a lie or is said to values.
be a true death that does not have to be
controlled to die quickly. Even RI Law No. 2. Theological Christian Review
39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights The theological attitude is very clear in the
article 9 says: "Everyone has the right to 6th law: "do not kill" (Exod. 20:13) and
live, maintain life and improve their confirmed in Deut. 5:17, Rom. 13: 9; James
standard of living." So, right living, as it is, 2:11. Clearly, it refers to an act of murder
needs to be maintained is the right of every that is being grafted: killing a person,
human being. Of course these values reject group,or self.
euthanasia.
In the Bible the verb "to kill" commits an
This rationale is part of the ethical
act of murder appears about 14 times, as the
thinking that euthanasia is very contrary to
word "kill" (dead killed; killed killed) about
the values of "the right to life" which has
130 times, while as a noun (also as a
been the basis of human rights values. So
subject) with the word "murder" about 16
what are the reasons if a country has
times. Thus, even though the number of acts
approved euthanasia laws like the
of murder is less than that of being killed or
Netherlands, then that country has violated
killed, the command "do not kill" is a non-
human rights values. So, it is not
negotiable fixed price that anyone who
surprising that many figures criticize the
violates these values is a rebel of God's will.
cynical history of the Cheese country.
So in Matthew 5: 7 it says, "Blessed are
those who are generous, because they will Jesus Christ came to this world for us,
have mercy." Where is this verse God asks sinners who are not worthy of anything,
us, so that we also heed and love the lives also in the field of decency. Jesus Christ
of people, including those who are also wants to be a Savior for people with
mentally handicapped. Verkuyl mental disabilities. He was not ashamed to
emphasized that not killing does not mean claim they were his brothers (Heb. 2: 11-18;
killing only healthy people but also people 1 Tim 2: 4).
with mental disabilities. Suicide is forbidden because a person's life
So in Matthew 5: 7 it says, "Blessed are is seen as a gift and belongs to God, only
those who are generous, because they will God has the right to take it. So euthanasia
have mercy." Where is this verse God asks is an act that rebels against God (Gen 2: 7).
us, so that we also heed and love the lives Indeed the Bible talks a lot about illness. In
of people, including those who are statistics according to the LAI Bible, the
mentally handicapped. Verkuyl word "sick" contained 919 verses and
emphasized that not killing does not mean "sickness" in 104 verses. The details are as
killing only healthy people but also people follows: blind (81 times), leprosy (59
with mental disabilities. Both in the short times), pestilence (54 times), paralysis (27
term, both in the long term. But love them times), deafness (6 times), tinea versicolor
for the sake of Christ, who is also their (13 times), fever (11 times), scabies (11
Savior. times) ), childless pain (10 times),
Gen 22:12 explicitly points out that the maternity pain (7 times), bleeding pain (3
practice of killing children since the OT times), farsightedness (3 times), epilepsy (2
times was rejected. When Abraham wanted times), dry cough (2 times), heartburn
to offer his son to God and God Himself (1 time),
who forbade not to be killed. Even when inflammation (1 time) 1 time), hunchback
the baby Moses was born, Pharaoh ordered (1 time), water convexity (1 time),
to kill the baby Israel but the baby Moses dysentery (1 time), intestinal disease (1
was protected by God. Even when the baby time), and lung disease (1 time). However,
Jesus was born and Herod ordered the it does not explain the disease that leads to
babies to be killed in Jerusalem, the angels euthanasia. Even the diseases above which
protected the baby from the vicious killing. are considered severe such as leprosy,
So, it is clear that God forbids murder. God bleeding pain, or paralysis of Jesus
defends and protects His people. Even succeeded in healing him. So, explain that
Jesus is a physician of all illnesses so that done. In such a situation, then after
if there is severe suffering, say a coma, praying, purifying motives and considering
then the man let himself kill himself how deeply the benefits (not just profit and
unwise he is. If only he still surrendered to loss), then another alternative can be
God and God wills, all the illness he considered the possibility without losing
suffered would surely be touched and the responsibility of faith in God and legal
healed by God. The only problem is responsibility to the state.
whether God's plan for our lives is in The author can not understand why
accordance with the will of man himself. If the husband and wife came to such a
it is appropriate, surely God will do the conclusion? Do they not believe that God
same things that are desired by humans, can do all the miracles to whom Allah
but if God has his own plans then humans Himself wills? Don't they realize that
cannot force God to cancel His plans. miracles still work today? What else do
Bonhoeffer does not agree with they link to doing euthanasia but without
euthanasia. He writes: losing the responsibility of faith in God?
This is a disturbed life and even though This is like thinking that is difficult to
they have to live very unhappy lives, they accept because what is done by humans,
have to live as human lives. What if a ship even good deeds, still humans will be
would become an epidemic because some responsible for their faith in God.
people had an infectious disease, and it Moreover, actions that rebelled against
was impossible to isolate those who were God, certainly did not escape the court that
sick, let alone have to kill those who were God did. Here clearly his faith will be held
sick. Because of that, it is amazing how the accountable for what they have done. Faith
writer follows the thoughts of husband and influences someone to do everything
wife, Kuntadi Sumardikarya, M.Th., pastor John Keown, Queens' College,
of GKI Synod in the West Java Region and Cambridge said:
Dr. Indriani K. Sumadikarya who believes Eutahanasia makes the law bad, ethics
agrees with the existence of euthanasia. becomes radical, inconsistent with the
They say: principles of holiness in life. Even the
We need to be more open in cases that principles set by God have been mocked.
have good and serious reasons, for Acts of killing that are forbidden by God
example those who are dying and full of become permissible by law and doctors.
suffering, for whom nothing else can be The law changes the rules that have become
standard compromise and doctors change
the code of ethics into a compromise.

REFERENCES
CONCLUSION

1. J.E. Sahetapy and Mardjono

Although almost the last 10 years Reksodipuro, Parados in Criminology
euthanasia has been practiced in European (Surabaya: Center for Criminology Studies
countries and even parts of the United at the Faculty of Law, Airlangga
States, there are still strict pros and cons. University, 1976) 56.
Viewed from the aspect of human rights is
a moral breakdown that needs to be 2. Djoko Prakoso & Djaman Andhi
evaluated again whether euthanasia is in Nirwanto, Euthanasia Human Rights and
accordance with human rights values Criminal Law 63 said in some countries
because human rights values essentially such as the United States, a person who
deny the existence of euthanasia. Also seen fails to commit suicide can be convicted.
from the religious aspect, euthanasia is Likewise in the state of Israel, attempted
never justified. Law 6: "Do not kill" can suicide is something that is prohibited by
not be laughed anymore means that law and threatened with crime.
refusing euthanasia.
God never allowed both the OT and NT to 3. Moeljatno, Book of Criminal Law
practice euthanasia. So, we have to educate (Yogayakarta: UGM, 1971) 117.
that values human life is a gift and belongs 4. Indonesian Medical Ethics Code - annex
to God. Humans have no right to destroy, III (Declaration of Geneva) by the Editorial
except God himself who wants it. Committee for the Work of the National
Medical Council Consultation (Jakarta: IDI
Foundation, 1969).

5. Hud, "Tilly Hutapea's fate depends on

Sahetapy?" Jawa Post April 29 (2001) 18,
even Java Post April 28 downgraded to
cover story stories, then Jawa Post April 29
also reduced the related news.

6. According to the way death occurs,

science divides it into, as follows: (1) Nirwanto, Euthanasia Human Rights and
Orthothanasia, i.e. death that occurs due to
a natural process. (2) Dysthanasia, i.e.
death that occurs unnaturally. (3)
Buthanasia, which is a death that occurs
with the help or not with the help of a
doctor. This third type of death, which the
author will discuss, is more popularly
called Euthanasia.
7. Dorothy I. Marx, is that right? Bandung:
Klam Hidup, t.t.) 80.
8. Ethics The situation rejects the faith that
comes first in the Theology Ethics.
Situation Ethics denies belief in the
existence of God and the absoluteness of
the Ten Commandments. Situation Ethics
openly rebels against what is called "The
Establishment". That is a situation that
must not be changed even in the field of
church though. Situation ethics moves
solely in relativism which originates from
Hegel's philosophy and is influenced by the
development of the mind in the fields of
Psychology, Sociology and Liberal
Theology. Situation Ethics views
everything not from the viewpoint of the
Rule of Truth guided by definite and fixed
standards, but in situations and conditions
that always change with the standard that
all actions must be done for the good and
must show the characteristics of love. Thus
any action can be justified in the end.
9. Djoko Prakoso & Djaman Andhi
Criminal Law 58. social position.
10. The doctor's oath is known as the (6) I will give my teachers proper respect
Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates, the father
of medical science, was a Greek author of
medical oaths, which to this day is still the
basis of the formulation of the oath of
office which is spoken by doctors
throughout the world. Hippocrates
proposed that doctors always obey and
submit to the duties and responsibilities
assigned to him. This is intended so that
there is no misuse of the doctor's
profession for misconduct by a doctor. An
example of a doctor's oath in Indonesia,
which took effect on 2 June 1960 based on
Perpu No. 26/1960, State Gazette of 1960
No. 69, quoted by Ko Tjay Sing, The
Secret Work of Doctors and Advocates
(Jakarta: Graamedia, 1978) 93, reads as
follows:
I swear / promise that: (1) I will devote my
life to the benefit of humanity. (2) I will
carry out my duties in an honorable and
moral manner in accordance with the
dignity of my work, a noble tradition of
medical office. (3) I will keep everything
that I know, because of my work and
because of my knowledge as a doctor. (4)
The health of suffering will always be my
priority. (5) In fulfilling my obligations to
sufferers, I will endeavor solemnly that I
will not be affected by religious,
nationality, ethnicity, party politics or
and expressions of thanks. (7) I will treat and G. Puxon, Destiny of Europe Gypsies
my colleagues as siblings. (8) Even if
threatened, I do not use my medical
knowledge for something that is against the
law and humanity. (9) I take this oath /
promise seriously and risk my self-respect.
11. Al. Budyapranata pr., Practical Ethics
Based on the Ten Commandments
(Yogyakarta: Andi, 1987) 31-33. Judging
from medical science, euthanasia is used in
three meanings, namely: (1) Moving to the
afterlife calmly and safely, without
suffering, for those who believe in the
name of Allah on the lips. (2) Life time
will end, alleviated the suffering of the
sick, by giving sedatives. (3) End the
suffering and life of a sick person
intentionally at the request of the patient
himself and his family.
12. Kuntadi and Indriani Sumadikarya,
"Euthanasia and Incurable Disease and
Christian Hope," Guide Vo. 2, No. April 7-
June (1996) 287.
13. J. Verkuyl, Kapita Selekta Christian
Ethics (Jakarta: Gunung Mulia, 1986) 226.
14. Kuntadi and Indriani Sumadikarya,
"Euthanasia and Incurable Disease and
Christian Hope," 284.
15. R. Jay, The Nazi Doctors: Medical
Killing and Psychology of Genocide
(London: Papermac, 1986) 95-97; see also
Heger, The Men with the Pink Triangle
(Boston: Alyson, 1980) 12; also D. Kenrick
(New York: Basic Books, 1972) 72. 29. Team, Big Indonesian Dictionary
16. Read Sinar Harapan, "Artificial Justice
in the Context of a World Humk
Conference" Monday, September 26,
1977, 8.
17. Djoko Prakoso & Djaman Andhi
Nirwanto, Euthanasia Human Rights and
Criminal Law 10.
18. Reuters, "Euthanasia, Finally ...,"
Kompas April 12 (2001) 3.
19. T.p., "Euthanasia and Medical Practice
in the UK," Ethics & Medicine 9.1. (1993)
11.
20. Ibid.
21. Dorothy I. Marx, Is that OK? 86.
22. Ibid. 89.
23. Reuters, "The Netherlands Legalizes
Right to Death," Kompas 12 April (2001)
3.
24. Al. Budyapranata pr., Practical Ethics
Based on the Ten Commandments 32.
25. Bachtiar Surin, Translation and
Interpretation of the Qur'an (Bandung: Fa.
Sumatra, 1978) 118.
26. Sir Francis Vallat, An Introduction to
the Study of Human Rights (London:
Europe Publication Limited, 1970) 119.
27. Muladi, "Right to Death," Undip
Faculty of Law Weekly Discussion Paper,
8 September (1979) 4.
28. Djoko Prakoso & Djaman Andhi
Nirwanto, Euthanasia Human Rights and
Criminal Law 135.
(Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1989) 99.
30. Law on Human Rights 1999
and Law on Demonstrations
(Bandung: Citra Umbara, 2000)
8.
31. Yanto M., "Kill or Just
Divorce Your Life from a
Miserable Body," Koran Tempo
12 April (2001) 7.
32. J. Verkuyl, Capita Selekta
Christian Ethics 227.
33. Kuntadi and Indriani
Sumadikarya, "Euthanasia and
Incurable Disease and Christian
Hope," 288. This simple
statistic was made possible by
Awi Wangidjaya's LogisSoft
rocks, the TB and LAI
computer programs, which are
AF / HarvestSoft products.
34. Bonhoeffer, Ethics (New
York: MacMillan, 1972) 166.
35. Kuntadi and Indriani
Sumadikarya, "Euthanasia and
Incurable Disease and Christian
Hope," 299.
36. John Keown, "Courting
Euthanasia ?: Tony Bland and
the Law Lords," Ethics &
Medicine 9.3 (1993) 37.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

J.E. Sahetapy dan Mardjono Reksodipuro, Parados dalam Kriminologi Surabaya:

Pusat Studi Kriminologi Fakultas Hukum Unair, 1976

Moeljatno, Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana Yogayakarta: UGM, 1971.

Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia – lampiran III (Declaration of Genewa) oleh

Panitia Redaksi Musyawarah Kerja Susila Kedokteran Nasional (Jakarta: Yayasan
IDI, 1969).

Dorothy I. Marx, Itu ‘kan Boleh? Bandung: Klam Hidup, t.t.

Djoko Prakoso & Djaman Andhi Nirwanto, Euthanasia Hak Asasi Manusia dan
Hukum Pidana

Al. Budyapranata pr., Etika Praktis Berdasarkan Sepuluh Perintah Allah

Yogyakarta: Andi, 1987

Kuntadi dan Indriani Sumadikarya, “Euthanasia dan Penyakit Tak Tersembuhkan

serta Pengharapan Kristiani,” Penuntun Vo. 2, No. 7 April-Juni (1996)

J. Verkuyl, Etika Kristen Kapita Selekta (Jakarta: Gunung Mulia, 1986)

Kuntadi dan Indriani Sumadikarya, “Euthanasia dan Penyakit Tak Tersembuhkan

serta Pengharapan Kristiani,”

R. Jay, The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and Psychology of Genocide (London:
Papermac, 1986) 95-97; baca juga Heger, The Men with the Pink Triangle Boston:
Alyson, 1980

D. Kenrick dan G. Puxon, Destiny of Europe Gypsies New York: Basic Books,
1972

Hains, Carrie-Anne Marie, and Nicholas J Hulbert-Williams. “Attitudes toward

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide: a Study of the Multivariate Effects of
Healthcare Training, Patient Characteristics, Religion and Locus of Control.”
Journal of Medical Ethics, vol. 39, no. 11, 2013, pp. 713–716. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/43282877. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.

Reuters, “Belanda Sahkan Hak untuk Mati,” Kompas 12 April 2001

Sir Francis Vallat, An Introduction to the Study of Human Rights London: Europe
Publication Limited, 1970
Muladi, Hak untuk Mati, Naskah Diskusi Mingguan Fakultas Hukum Undip, 8
September 1979

John Keown, “Courting Euthanasia?: Tony Bland and the Law Lords,” Ethics & Medicine

Cairus,Aecio. Doctrine of Man. Chap. In The Hand Book of Seventh-day Adventist

Theology, commentary Reverence Series, Vol 12, ed. George W. Reid. Hagestown,
MD: Review & Herald, 2000.

Marcoux, Isabelle, et al. “Confusion Between Euthanasia and Other End-of-Life

Decisions: Influences on Public Opinion Poll Results.” Canadian Journal of Public
Health / Revue Canadienne De Sante'e Publique, vol. 98, no. 3, 2007, pp. 235–239.
JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41994918. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.

Berg, Carol. Euthanasia, International Encyclopedia of Ethics, ed., John K. Roth

(Chicago, Il: Salem Press), 286, and Ranaan Billon, “Acts and Omissions: Killing
and letting Die,” British Medical Journal 292 (1986), 126-127, cited by David C.
Thomasma and Glan C. Craber, Euthanasia (New York: The Continuum
Publishing, 1990).

________. Euthanasia.International Encyclopedia of Ethics, ed. John K. Roth.

Chicago, Il: Salem Press, 1995.

Geisler,Norman I. Ethics: Alternatives and Issues. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan,

1971.

________. Christian Ethics: Options and Issues. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1989.

“Euthanasia.” Ethics for A-Level, by Mark Dimmock and Andrew Fisher, 1st ed.,
Open Book Publishers, Cambridge, UK, 2017, pp. 123–141. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wc7r6j.11. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.

Gloria Cyber Ministries. Belgia Izinkan Euthanasia. http: //www.glorianet.

org/berita/b3662. Html. Accessed on February 2, 2003, Internet.

Kartono, Muhammad, Euthanasia di Indonesia.

Theravada.net/regional/Indonesia/euthanasia/bunuh-diri.html-37k. Accessed in
February 5, 2003.

Hess, Laurie, et al. “Euthanasia: Considerations, Concerns, and Complications.”

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery, vol. 27, no. 1, 2013, pp. 53–58. JSTOR,
www.jstor.org/stable/41826566. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.

Ranann Billon, Acts and Omissions: Killing and Letting Die, British Medical
Journal 292 (1986), 126-127. Cited by David C. Thomasma and Glan C. Craber,
Euthanasia (New York: The Continuum Publishing, 1990).

Garrard, E., and S. Wilkinson. “Passive Euthanasia.” Journal of Medical Ethics, vol.
31, no. 2, 2005, pp. 64–68. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27719333. Accessed 18
Dec. 2020.

Rendtrorff, Trutz. Ethics, trans., Keith Crim. Minneapolis, Minn: Ausburg Fortress,
1989.

Lillehammer, Hallvard. “Voluntary Euthanasia and the Logical Slippery Slope

Argument.” The Cambridge Law Journal, vol. 61, no. 3, 2002, pp. 545–550.
JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4508931. Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.
Thielicke, Helmut. Theological Ethics, trans., John W. Doberstein. Grand Rapids,
MI: Eerdmans, 1964.

Thiessen, Hendry C. Lectures in Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids, MI:

Eerdmans, 1949.

Bovens, Luc. “Child Euthanasia: Should We Just Not Talk about It?” Journal of
Medical Ethics, vol. 41, no. 8, 2015, pp. 630–634., www.jstor.org/stable/44014168.
Accessed 18 Dec. 2020.

Vyhmeister, Nancy . Quality Research Papers for Students of Religion and

Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2001.

Wagoman, J. Philip. Christian Moral Judgement. Louisville, Kentucky:

Westminster Press, 1989.

White, Ellen G. The Ministry of Healing. Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press, 1942.
.