Lesson 2: COMMUNICATION

and GLOBALIZATION
TOPICS
• Communication and Globalization
• Local and Global Communication in a
Multicultural Setting
• Communicating in a Multicultural
Society
• Improving One’s Ability on
Intercultural Communication
• Varieties and Registers of Spoken and
Written Language
• Evaluating Message and
Multimodality
 Lesson 2: COMMUNICATION
and GLOBALIZATION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you should be
able to:
a. explain the implications of globalization
to communication;
b. describe the functions of verbal and
non-verbal communication in various
and multicultural contexts; and
c. use the language to speak and write
appropriately in a multicultural society.
Topic 1: Communication and Globalization

Be aware of the differences between our culture and

the rest of the world’s cultures.
Globalization Communication
The Impact of Globalization on Communication
Skills Development

Communication skills development has always

been an important factor of success in business, but
the influence of globalization and cross-cultural
interaction in recent decades has impacted the
types of communication skills needed in dramatic
ways.

Ingram (2018) provided some impacts of globalization on

communication skills development of a person.
Virtual Interactions
Cultural Awareness in
Speech
Cultural Awareness in
Body Language
 Pointing with the index finger at
something or someone can be offensive in many
cultures. It is considered a very rude thing to do
in China, Japan, Indonesia, Latin America, and
many other countries. In Europe, it’s thought of
as impolite, and in many African countries the
index finger is used only for pointing at inanimate
objects, never at people. It’s best to use an
open hand with all your fingers together when
you need to point at something or someone.
 The open hand or “moutza” gesture is
insulting in parts of Africa and Asia, Greece, Pakistan,
and in several other countries. It is formed by
opening your palm with your fingers slightly apart
and extending your arm toward someone, much like
a wave in the U.S. This may seem harmless enough to
many Westerners, however if someone does it with a
more abrupt arm extension, its meaning changes to,
“Enough is enough,” or “Let me stop you right there.”
In other words, “Talk to the hand, because the face
isn’t listening!”
 The horn fingers in USA “the horn fingers” is
adopted by rockers and it is a sign of approval,
rock on! Hook ’em Horns is the slogan and hand
signal of the University of Texas at Austin. But in
many Mediterranean and Latin countries, such
as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Spain,
Italy and Portugal, to make this sign at someone
is to tell them that their spouse is cheating on
them.
Cultural Awareness in
Printed Objects (ad)
Cultural Awareness in
Printed Objects (ad)
Topic 2: Local and Global Communication in a
Multicultural Setting

“World Englishes” - is the regionally distinct

varieties of English that
have arisen in parts of
the world where there
is a long and often
colonial history of
English being used in
education,
commerce, and
government (Celce-
Murcia, 2014)
Over time, this widespread uses of English – spoken side
by side with local languages – has given rise to local
varieties of English with their own standards.
Topic 3: Communicating in a Multicultural
Society

Multicultural
 In order to better prepare for effective communication in
multicultural context, the following terms have to be
clear and well understood:

1. Culture 9. Assimilation
2. Co-culture 10. Accommodation
3. Multiculturalists 11. Separation
4. Culturally confused 12. Ethnocentrism
5. Intercultural communication 13. Cultural relativism
6. International communication 14. Melting pot philosophy
7. Interethnic communication 15. Cultural pluralism
8. Intracultural communication
 Topic 4: Improving One’s Ability on
Intercultural Communication
The following specific guidelines can enhance your ability to handle
situations involving intercultural communications, and better prepare
yourself to meet the communication challenges in an increasingly global
environment.

1. Refrain from forming expectations based solely on

your culture.
2. Remove personal biases or any stereotype.
3. Make a personal commitment to develop
communication skills appropriate in a multicultural
setting.
Effective Cultural Communication
Two more cultural differences which affect communication between from
the East and West, along with some suggestions as to how to find a middle
ground.

Directness vs. Circumlocution Personal/Friendly Language

vs. Respectful Language
Topic 5: Varieties and Registers of Spoken and
Written Language
A variety refers to
I. Varieties of Language any variant of a
language which
can be sufficiently
1. Pidgin delimited from one
another.
2. Creole
3. Regional Dialect
4. Minority Dialect
5. Indigenized Varieties
II. Language Registers The word register
refers to the level of
formality in
language that is
identified by the
context in which it is
spoken or written.

Formal Informal
II. Language Registers

Formal vs. Informal

The appropriate language
- tone
register depends on who
- choice of words
(audience), what (topic), why
- the way words are
(purpose), where (location).
combined

Formal Informal
personal
Formal

contractions
e.g. “don’t”, “can’t”

first person pronouns

e.g. “I”, “we”

use longer words

grammar
 Aside from style and manner of delivery and
vocabulary, there are other differences between formal
and informal registers: word choice and grammar.
Word choice: Two main vocabulary difference exist
between formal and informal speeches. Often, formal
language registers use longer words.
Formal Informal
demonstrate show
thrive live
reverberate echo
completely totally
definitely really
 Similarly, formal speeches contain fewer phrasal
verbs. For instance:
Formal Informal

The balloon was inflated for the The balloon was blown-up for
experiment. the experiment.
The patient recuperated or The patient got over his illness.
recovered his illness.
The results of the study were The results of the study were
confusing. mixed up.
The balloon was inflated for the The balloon was blown-up for
experiment. the experiment.
 Grammar. When it comes to grammar, there are
important grammatical differences between formal
and informal speeches. Formal speech generally
consists of complete, grammatically correct
sentences.

When speaking informally however, speakers of

English often omit noncritical words. For example,
informal speakers may say, “Where you going?”
instead of “Where are you going?”
Example:
a. The study checked out the health effects of
passive smoking.
b. The study investigated/examined the health
effects of passive smoking.

a. Lecturers still count on students to use correct

grammar and punctuation in essays.
a. Lecturers expect on students to use correct
grammar and punctuation in essays.
Types of Language Registers:

a. Frozen/Static
b. Formal
c. Consultative
d. Casual
e. Intimate
Registers of Written Language

Audience
Very formal: “How do you do?”
Purpose
Formal: “Hello.”
Neutral: “Hello.” Context
Informal: “Hi.”
Occasion
Very informal/Casual: “Hey…”
Formal Written Language Register
1. Do not use contractions.
2. Spell out numbers less than one hundred.
3. Write in third person point of view.
4. Do not use first or second person unless it is a quote.
5. Avoid using too much passive voice.
6. Avoid using slang, idioms, hyperbole, and clichés.
7. Avoid abbreviations and acronyms.
8. Do not start sentences with words such as because, and, so,
but, and also.
9. Always write in complete sentence.
10.Write longer, more complex sentence.
11.Observe the proper use of punctuations.
First, Second, and Third Personal Pronouns
Informal Written Language Register

- Personal emails
- Phone texts
- Short notes
- Friendly letters
- FB statuses
Topic 6: Evaluating Message and Multimodality

Evaluating Messages and/or Images of Different

Types of Texts Reflecting Different Cultures

The Power of Words and Images

Multimodality
A text or output is considered multimodal if it uses two
or more communication modes to make meaning.