D.T.E.A. Senior Secondary Schools, New Delhi.

Class 5 – Mathematics
Chapter – 5 Multiples and Factors
I. Fill in the blanks:

(a) 2 x 5 x 7 = 70. So, 70 is a multiple of 2, 5 , 7 , 10 , 14 ,and 35 apart from 1 and 70 itself.

(b) 91 = 7 x 13, so 7 and 13 are factors of 91.
(c) 6 and 18 are factors of 108. So, 108 is divisible by 6 and 18.

II. Answer the following.

(a) Write the first four multiples of 7.
7, 14, 21, 28
(b) Write the four largest 2-digit multiples of 5.

95, 90 , 85 , 80

(c) Write the four smallest 3-digit multiples of 11.

110, 121 , 132 , 143

(d) Write the multiples of 13 that are between 100 and 150.
104, 117, 130, 143

III. Write the first three common multiples of:

(a) 10 and 15

Solution:

Multiples of 10 = 10, 20, 30, 40 50 60 70 80 90

Multiples of 15 = 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90

The first three common multiples of 10 and 15 are 30, 60 and 90.

(b) 2, 3 and 6

Solution:

Multiples of 2 = 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Multiples of 3 = 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

Multiples of 6 = 6 12 18 24 30 36

The first three common multiples of 2, 3 and 6 are 6, 12 and 18.

IV. Write three factors of the following numbers, other than 1 and the number itself.

(a) 36

Solution:

2 x 18 = 36

3 x 12 = 36

4 x 9 = 36

∴ Factors of 36 = 2, 3, 4

(b) 120

Solution:

2 x 60 = 120

3 x 40 = 120

4 x 30 = 120

∴ Factors of 120 = 2, 3, 4

V. Write all the factors of following other than 1 and the numbers themselves.

(a) 32

Solution:

2 x 16 = 32

4 x 8 = 32

8 x 4 = 32

16 x 2 = 32

∴2, 4, 8, and 16 are factors of 32, other than 1 and the number itself.

(b) 56

Solution:

2 x 28 = 56

4 x 14 = 56

7 x 8 = 56

8 x 7 = 56
 14x 4 = 56

28 x 2 = 56

∴2, 4, 7, 8, 14 and 28 are factors of 56, other than 1 and the number itself.

VI. Answer the following.

(a) Write the even numbers between 88 and 99.

90, 92, 94, 96, 98

(b) Write the last five odd numbers that are less than 900.

891, 893, 895, 897, 899

(c) Write the first four 4-digit even numbers.

1000, 1002, 1004, 1006

(d) Write the first six prime numbers greater than 20.

23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43

(e) Write the first ten composite numbers greater than 31.

32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44

(f) Is the following pair of numbers coprime numbers?

(i) 25, 36

Solution:

Factors of 25 = 1, 5 and 25
Factors of 36 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36

As 25 and 36 have no common factors other than 1, they are coprime numbers.

VII. Write the prime factorization of the following numbers.

(a) 140 (b) 1575

Solution: Solution:
2 140 3 1575
2 70 3 525
5 35 5 175
7 7 5 35
1 7 7
1
VIII. Fill in to show prime factorization. You can only fill prime factors in the circles.

a) b)
150 750

Solution:

X. Write the common factors of each pair of numbers.

(a)
12 18

2 12 2 18

2 6 3 9

3 3 3 3

1 1
∴12 = 2 x 2 x 3 ∴ 18 = 2 x 3 x 3

Grouping the factors, we get Grouping the factors, we get

4 x 3 = 12, 6 x 2 = 12 6 x 3 = 18, 9 x 2 = 18

So, the factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12. So, the factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18.

∴ The common factors of 12 and 18 are 1, 2, 3 and 6

(b)
30 105

2 30 3 105

3 15 5 35

5 5 7 7

1 1

∴ 30= 2 x 3 x 5 ∴105 = 5 x 3 x 7

Grouping the factors, we get Grouping the factors, we get

6 x 5 = 30, 15 x 2 = 30, 10 x 3 = 30 15 x 7 = 105, 21 x 5 = 105, 35 x 3 = 105

So the factors of 30 are 1, 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 10 , 15 and 30 The factors of 105 are 1, 3 ,5, 7, 15, 21, 35 and 105

∴The common factors of 30 and 105 are 1 , 3 , 5and 15

XI. Find the numbers that are divisible by the ringed number.

(a) 49, 94, 123, 6516 2

Solution:

A number is divisible by 2 if it is even.

∴ 94 and 6516 are divisible by 2.

(b) 60, 58, 115, 7552 5

Solution:

Numbers that end in 0 or 5 are divisible by 5.

∴ 60 and 115 are divisible by 5.

c) 195, 2970, 3006, 4200 10
Solution:

Numbers that end in 0 are divisible by 10.

∴ 2970 and 4200 are divisible by 10.

d)
133, 321, 4713, 2640 3

Solution:

A number is divisible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.

The sum of digits of:

133 → 1 + 3 + 3 = 7 → not divisible by 3

321 → 3 + 2 + 1 = 6 → divisible by 3

4713 → 4 + 7 + 1 + 3 = 15 → divisible by 3

2640 → 2 + 6 + 4 + 0 = 12 →divisible by 3

∴ 321, 4713 and 2640 are divisible by 3.

XII. Fill in the greatest digit to make the number divisible by 3.

53

Solution:

To be divisible by 3, the sum of digits has to be divisible by 3. The greatest digit to make the number
divisible by 3 is 7.

We have 5 + 3 + 7 = 15, which is divisible by 3.

XIII. Fill in the smallest digit to make the number divisible by 4.

345

To be divisible by 4, the number formed by its last two digits is divisible by 4.

52 ÷ 4 = 13
The smallest digit to make the number divisible by 4 is 2
 D.T.E.A. SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NEW DELHI.
Class V Mathematics
Chapter - 6 HCF and LCM
I. Finding HCF with the help of multiplication tables (by inspection)
(a) 18 and 27
We find both 18 and 27 only in the multiplication tables of 3 and 9.
Between 3 and 9, 9 is greater.
Therefore, the HCF of 18 and 27 is 9.
(b) 13 and 27
13 is a prime number. So, we do not find 13 and 27 together in any multiplication
table.
Therefore, the HCF of 13 and 27 is 1
(c) 15 and 25
We find both 15 and 25 only in the multiplication table of 5.
Therefore, the HCF of 15 and 25 is 5.

II. Find the HCF of the numbers by finding factors.

(a) 6 and 9
2 6 3 9
3 3 3 3
1 1

6=2x3 9=3x3
Factors of 6 are 1, 2 and 3. Factors of 9 are 1 and 3.
The common factors of 6 and 9 are 1 and 3.
The highest common factor (HCF) is 3.

1
(b) 30 and 45

2 30 3 45
3 15 3 15
5 5 5 5
1 1

30 = 2 x 3 x 5 45 = 3 x 3 x 5
Grouping the factors, we get Grouping the factors, we get
6 x 5 = 30 9 x 5 = 45
10 x 3 = 30 15 x 3 = 45
15 x 2 = 30 So, the factors of 45 are 1, 3 5,
So, the factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30. 9, 15 and 45.
The common factors of 30 and 45 are 1, 3, 5 and 15.
The highest common factor (HCF) is 15.

III. Finding the HCF of the numbers by prime factorization.

(a) 64 and 80
2 64 2 80
2 32 2 40
2 16 2 20
2 8 2 10
2 4 5 5
2 2 1
1

2
Prime factorization of 64 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x2
Prime factorization of 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5
Therefore, the HCF of 64 and 80 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16

(b) 63, 81, 108

3 63 3 81
3 21 3 27
7 7 3 9
1 3 3
1
2 108
2 54
3 27
3 9
3 3
1

Prime factorization of 63 = 3 xx 3 x7

Prime factorization of 81 = 3 x 3 x3x3

Prime factorization of 108 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x3

Therefore, the HCF of 63, 81 and 108 = 3 x 3 =9.

3
IV. Find the LCM of the numbers with the help of multiplication tables.
(a) 9 and 12
Multiples of 9 = 9,18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72 ….
Multiples of 12 = 12, 24, 36, 48 ,60, 72, 84 ….
Common multiples are 36, 72, …….
So, the LCM of 9 and 12 is 36

(b) 4 and 8
Multiples of 4 = 4, 8 , 12, 16 , 20, 24 , 28, 32, 36 ,40…
Multiples of 8 = 8 , 16 , 24 , 32, 40 …
Common multiples are 8, 16, 24 ….
So, the LCM of 4 and 8 is 8
V. Find the LCM of the numbers.
(a) 24 and 32

2 24 2 32
2 12 2 16
2 6 2 8
3 3 2 4
1 2 2
1
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
LCM of 24 and 32 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 = 96

4
b) 108, 120 and 132
2 108 2 120
2 54 2 60
3 27 2 30
3 9 3 15
3 3 5 5
1 1

2 132
2 66
3 33
11 11
1

108 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3
120 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 5
132 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 11
LCM of 108, 120 and 132 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 11 = 11880