Theory of Architecture II

Lecture 4

Works of Architects – 1

MichelangeloBuonarroti was the greatest sculpture who ever lived and who was the
most influential artist,sculpture and architect as well.Not many people know that he
was also an architect but he was an exemplary artist of his genius seen through his
works like the birth of adam, it is a painting in Sistine Chapel.
The sculpture of david, the idle man done in marple,

This is the laurentiallibrary.The entrance to the laurential library in inside the library
in St.Peter’srome.
And this is peata.The exemplary sculpture,that is still there laurential museum.

This interior of the Sistine Chapel that he painted.Where in the part of the painting
that we saw the paint of birth of adham here.
This is another view of that.

This is the plan he designed for the st. Peters rome in Verticon. During the period.
See the symmetrical architecture that he has done.
The plaza that he has designed along with Rafael in Verticon.

This building is that he designed, the st. Peters rome Dome. It was a very unique
dome of its time. It’s very, the style is very unique. We can see the kind of design that
he has done,themodeling that he has done.
Will go to the examples of modernism.

Now we will see aldo Rossi. aldo Rossi is one of the earliest theoretician as well as
architect, and he is known for his drawings as well. Because it was all done manually.
And this building is an exemplary from Italy. It’s a symmetric building, symmetry.
Look at the way he has used the simplified forms.
This is the_____ hotel in Japan. This is the beginning of modernism,where we were
trying to build everything without ornamentation.
we now see alvaraalto.
This one is the finlandia hall in Finland,where he belonged. This was built in
1920’s.we can see the kind of freshness he has brought in this building. The way he
has trying to go away from the decorative buildings.
This is the Säynätsalo,the community Hall. This is very famous building during this
time. And he was known for using the contours of the area, according to the nature of
the building.
This one is the Vitra museum that he has designed. See how he wants to break away
from, the regular convention of building, architecture

Alvaro siza is an another architect from Portugal.

And his building, and he search a form.
This is the fire station building. This is done in the 50’s.see how he is breaking away
to give a new unique structure.
This is memeist art museum.

This is Portuguese Pavilion that he has done for expo 98.

and this one is the public auditorium. In Linares. Look at the way the simplicity he
has expressed to breke itself. The plain form with out,the organization of spaces use
of materials, use of straight line., the order the proposition that he has used. Alvaro
siza was awarded the prescraprise.

Antony Gaudí was another exemplary architect, he was hailed as one of the greatest
creative architect of his time. He was from Spain.
Look at the building that he has done. he never makes any architectural drawings,
scaled drawing, he just makes sketches and then he makes his scraps people come out
with exemplary execution. He belonged to the Barcelona area what is called the
catalonian region.

This building is still not completed because they could not figure out how to do this
building in real material. See its been built for more than hundred years now. This is
the secret heart building. This is grant of Familia building in Barcelona. This is most
visited building in Barcelona even today.

This one of the Guadi Villas that he designed for some of his clients. This is a kind of
architecture he goes for. He directly influenced by nature and it’s way of doing
expressing itself.
This is one building not built by Guadi, but its inspired by guadian architecture. And
which is the use of mosaics nature of colors and materials. This building is in Brazil.

Arataisozaki is a Japanese architect,who has tried different styles in his lifetime. Still
he is strong going contemporary architect. He started his architecture from the 60’s
under the master kenzotonge.
This is the art tower in mito, another view of that.

See how he is evolved his forms from derivations of geometrical pattern, geometrical
building.
This is the broad museum in Los Angeles, is one of his recent works. See how he has
gone from geometry into different kind of patterns of expressing his own ideas. He
was also hailed as one the post modernist architect. Look at the post modernism ideas
he has gone for these buildings.

This is Disney building in Los Angeles.

This is another way of expressing himself. This is Office tower in Barcelona. The
beauty of Arataisozaki is that you cannot actually identify the architect of the building
behind his architecture. He has transformed himself so much, he changes his ideas so
much. He lives to the context he lives to the times of his architecture.
This is the Qatar convention center in doha. See where he is started and where he is
gone. You can’t actually identify these two buildings are done by the same architect
so easily. That’s the architecture of Arataisozaki.

Indian architect is B. V Dhosi, Bala Krishna vital dash doshi. He trained directly
under leco busier and Luie khan. And he hailed from Ahmedabad. He is one of the
master of Indian architecture, modern indian architecture. He was behind lot of
unique building,and he has experimented in lot of forms with an artist.

Here you see the Gufa in Ahemadabad done along with M.F .Hussain.
This one building which he was inspired from heavily from streets of India. The
Tropical nature of India, this is the IIM of bangalore.

The another view of the same.

 This is his own office building in Ahmedabad called Sangath.and see how he’s
emerged form from geometry. This is truly modernistic version of his ideas.

Sesapelli is one of the living legend of architecture. Who started his architecture from
Italy.
This is the contemporary art museum in Osaka. This is one of his recent building
building.

But this is another famous building designed by him. The Petronas tower in Malaysia
hailed as one of the tallest building of his time.
This is a world famous center in new York.

Another view of it. See how he has emerged his form from high-rise building into
different localities.
Charles correa is another great architect from India. He died last year. He was truly a
master in emerging form. He has great respect to Indians architecture. The traditional
concept of vaasthu.
We can see how his building emerged from simple geometry, into a great architect,
influential architecture.

This is a vidhansabha in Bhopal.

This is Jawahar kala Kendra in jaipur. The same building with lot of uses of
geometric building along with critical religionism. See how he uses indianmartives in
his buildings.

This exemplary work of Charles correa in Mumbai,kanchanjunga apartments.

See how he is emerged. The form is broken the convention of plain flat floor into
broken floors and double the height.and then how he is builds the form.

This is one of the most easily identifiable building in the world. Fantastically
designed. The kanchanjunga apartments in Mumbai.
See he was heavily influenced by the sanchi stupa which was in bhopal,which you
could see in these buildings. So he takes the regional context heavily into his
buildings.

Eero Saarinen is one of the earliest masters of United States, America.

His buildings the arch of along the Missouri River.

The TWA, Washington airport.

This is Los Angeles airport terminal entrance building.it has an iconic structure. See
how he has emerged out of deriving the form.

Can we believe this is church. No, its not. But how he is derived this form.
This is the interior of the airport that he has designed,that is TWA. See how futuristic
it is.

Looks like a bird about to fly.

Frank Lloyd Wright, is arguably the United States American architect was ever lived
is a modernist.

The falling waters, the most photographic building of his time. His idea was the
organic architecture in which he says that architecture has to live with nature.
This is one of his urban contribution in NewYork.How he has broken the convention
of architecture into something great.

This is the museum for Guggenheim, Guggenheim center. Where this the floor
actually spiral up into the top. They are not flat roofing. So people don’t, actually they
walk up a ramp in order to see all the flats.
This is the recent photograph of the same.

This is the johnson wax building where he tried something great. This is in 1950s.

This is one of the most beautifully designed corporate building in his time.
 See the innovative architecture that he has done. The dentronic columns that they call
it. He innovate so much in the structure itself.
This is his famous style called Prairie style. This is the robie house Chicago. And so
typical of his architecture. Lot of horizontal lines. This building is along with nature.
That’s what his idea is. So building has to be horizontal.It has to spread the nature. It
should not emerged out struck out from its context.

This is another example of Prairie style.

Another example of him. A true master of his times. I. M. Pie birn as Chinese
architect, born in China but brought up in United States. He used the freedom in
United States and he trained as architect for more than 18 year. And then he comes up
with the simplified architecture buildings. Very strong in his character, the simplicity,
the dignity.

This is the Boston center, the john f Kennedy library in Boston.

Another look of it.

The changaibuilding in Hong Kong. The one of the most highly recognizable building
in the world.

And the Laurie museum of_____ in Paris,is designed by I. M.Pie,in Paris. He was
highly influenced by the pyramid. So he used the glass pyramid.

This is the shine center in Moscow. See how he used forms to build up shine building.

Is one of the most recognizable building in history of modern architecture in United

States.

National Gallery of modern art.,in New York. See how the simple lines,sharp lines of
the buildings.

Works of Architects - 2

Kenzotongehe started his architecture in 1940s. Because Japan haa to build itself
from the ruins world War 2. He was the root cause Of Japan from emerging zero to
greatness as it is today. So his architecture is true modern in the sense from Japan. He
understood Japanese religionism very well.

This is the Hiroshima memorial that je built. See the straight lines, simplified line in
architecture. This is the way away from the regionism of Japan in Tokyo.

He also part of some great movements called metabolism, directly deriving idea from
biology of growth in different ways. So this building is the metabolic tower in Tokyo.

One of the most admired building of him.

This is the church in Tokyo. St. Mary’s church cathedral is highly recognizable
building in Tokyo.

He used the traditions of the cursi form in plan. But it persist different in 3D.

This is amen an depress building. See the kind of robustness that he has done. This is
the yoyogiOlympic Stadium that he built for Tokyo Olympic. Looks at the way
itsdesigned from the______, he says that he has inspired from samurai, and the
swords they use and how that form emerged.

Kishokurokawa id another great architect from Japan. He was. mainly noted for his
vigorousness vigor in his architecture. His buildings were always very strongly boldly
expressing itself. This was done in 50’s and 60’s.he works along with kingdotonki,
masters of Kingston is a master himself. This is the hosiery bank. This is the Fukuoka
bank building.

One of the most hated building in modern history is this building. This is the lipo
building Hong Kong. See how machinated this building looks. This is one of the most
recognizable building of his movement, his movement called metabolism. This is the
nakagin capsule tower, the saitama museum of modern art in Tokyo Japan.

His another building, this is the Kojima building which actually was designed like a
machine as you can see.

This man has needs no introduction. He is the greatest architect ever lived, the
greatest modern architect ever lived. We were lucky in india to have him in to have
good direct influence. He was an exemplary artist and sculpture. The chandigarh
assembly building donated by him to India. The chandigarh high court. He was a
master in form so to say. Thus was the concrete building he showed to the world how
to use concrete. The concrete has to be built like in free form. So this is a church
building. He broke all the convention of_______+ if the church into this.

This is the Milo nous building in Ahmadabad where he used the elements called
breeks solail the sun cutters in this building for the heavy summer of India. Typical
character, typical style of him to use ramps for his buildings ansbrecessolail.

And pilotisso to say._______ his one of these kinds of building his time. The pilot the
whole building is still dead top and this is the culmination of all these philosophy. He
says the building has to float. So the whole floor is left for nature. The whole building
is still dead. And all buildings his functional areas are in upper floors. And then you
have this horizontal openings or the vertical openings. And there is the free flow of
form inside. Luies khan the greatest influencing architect of our times. He is the
powerful theoretician. He wanted every of his buildings purely from theory.
This is taka assembly building designed by him. He says that every material has to be
respected for it can became a great, it can form a credit of a great building. The taka
assembly building, the IIM Ahmadabad the Kimble art museum these are some of the
greatest building of his from his emerged from his theory.

The pilimkediexciteo library. See how he uses the light into his buildings. Tgesharke
Institute in loyola. The shark Institute. The detailed of it. In concrete the aile
University library where he uses openings very interestingly. He too master and
theoritician.

Markel Graves is the post-modernist stylish architect. He says that ornamentation has
to respected the classic system has to be respected. So he is highly criticized. So his
modern building., though they are modern to a level they will express the classicism
in one way of another by having very funny so to say funny decoration. Si here he is
evident by this Architecture the use of colors the use of pediment shapes in his
buildings. Even though they all out of proportion.

A typified by the use of square openings and contrasting color in his buildings.

The typical example of the Portland building in Oregon. One of the exemplary work
of Michael Graves as a post-modernist we have modern building but still at the same
time it called for some classicism in it.

The Portland building

Mivantero, he was the architect behind the philosophy called the less is more e

What is called it’s a minimalism today the craving, craving philosophy today
contemporary architecture he is emerged from misvendero

Look at his buildings. This was done in1920s. See the simplicity in his buildings., the
dignity in his buildings.

This is the Barcelona Pavilion.

This is the pinds with house that he designed. This is one exemplary building that his
simple structural elements. And simple form of the building the fints wort house. The
whole building still state under very minimal elements is used functionality. Only this
slaps and minimal walls and minimal all glass and technology. Very simplified very
dignified very minimal. He was also the architect of iit. Ekenoi Institute of
technology. It’s main hall. See the king of emergence of forms that he has done. He
was the first to show the world how to use glasses in this building so you see a lot of
glass in this building. This is Seagram building in New York.

This is the first building or the greatest building to have curtain walls in it.

Oscar namier is an architect to in continent of south America we recently celebrated

his centenary year Oscar namier.

This building is the kathidral of Brasilia he was the man behind the creation Brasilia
the new capital of brazil from reo de genera. He was a pure modernist.

This is the church building.

This is the congress building that he designed for the assembly the building that he
designed for the new capital of brazil Brasilia. See the simplified forms that he has
used which gives a telling effect.

This is the palasiomanssions this actually residential buildings for the government
officials see how is used forms you can also see this similarity between this and
Chandigarh building.

This is the Reo museum inspired by his work.

Philip Johnson is another modernist in American architecture he was a post modernist

where he used he said that classic has to be respected as well as in modern buildings
even though this buildings are modern classic was respected this was a very
controversial building the eighty building in New York which had a pediment on top.

He was also famous for the glass house because he was very close friend of vandero
so he design this building to the next level this is the glass house very simplified very
direct very modern only the part that is the toilet inside the building is with opaque
wall rest of all every thing is glass open to the outside interior part of the building.

This is the haustan bank America you can see how he has replicated country houses
and it’s proportion classic proportion in a high rise building the bank America
building in houstan.

This is one of his later building very recent building the porter the Europa in
Barcelona see how he emerges forms from simplicity.

I will conclude the first part of works of architects with nuruy he was not a
conventional an architect but he was a structural designer as well as an architect he
has given a lot of inputs to lot of architects by emerging long span building in
concrete you can see the beauty that he has develop din his forms.

This is the church building done completely in concrete one of the details of the
building.

This palazzo delsportho in Italy was highly recognizable building this building was
used for Rome Olympics simplified structural design structural forms repeated giving
a great form into architecture.

So from the works of architects what do we get we say that what is purpose of
architecture is a human product how does architecture influences because we are
talking about individual architects and their influences through their ideologies and
theory why buildings from a particular period as a particular form like we saw.