FINAL EXAM REVIEWER

ART AS FORM
● The point of art is to create a sense of aesthetic harmony
PHILOSOPHIES ON ART (ART APPRECIATION) and balance
● The value of a work of art lies in its formal qualities
ART AS IMITATION OR REPRESENTATION (composition, color, texture, and style) — not its
● Art as a mirror of reality – the point of art is to depict the representational or expressive qualities
world. ● Formalism: 20th Century; focus on formal elements and
● Plato: art is a form of imitation or mimesis; artists are aesthetic qualities
mere copyists. ● Avant-garde movements: Cubism, Futurism, and
● Aristotle: The aim of art is to represent not the outward Constructivism
appearance of things, but their inward significance.

ART AS SOCiAL CRITIQUE

● The point of art is also to intervene in the social and
ART AS EXPRESSION
● The purpose of art is to communicate the artist’s political world, and to promote change and
transformation
thoughts and feelings.
● 20th century: Dadaism, Surrealism, and Pop Art; used
● Romanticism: 18th century; focus on emotion, creativity,
irony, humor, and satire
and individualism.
● Emphasizes the power of art to question and challenge
● Expressionism: 20th century; expressive qualities of art
dominant values and norms
– emotional and personal.
● Emphasizes emotional connection between the artist
and the viewer

FILIPINO CULTURE AND MODERN

ARCHITECTURE (ART, TRADITION AND THE ● PEARL FARM BEACH RESORT (SAMAL ISLAND)
NATION)
● SAN MIGUEL BUILDING (ORTIGAS, PASIG)

● MARY IMMACULATE PARISH - NATURE OR

FOCOLARE CHURCH (MOONWALK, LAS PINAS)

● THE SHRINE OF MARY, QUEEN OF PEACE - EDSA

SHRINE (ORTIGAS, PASIG)

● AMANPULO RESORT (PALAWAN)

 ● ESKAYA RESORT (PANGLAO, BOHOL)

● COCONUT PLACE(CCP COMPLEX, PASAY CITY)

● NIPA MANSION (ALABANG)

FRANCISCO “BOBBY” MANOSA

NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE
 BANKSY & POSTMODERN ART
ART AS SOCIAL CRITIQUE

● One of the most influential Filipino architects of the 20th

century, for having pioneered the art of Philippine
neo-vernacular architecture MODERNISM VS. POSTMODERNISM
● “Architecture must be true to itself, to its land and to its ● MODERNISM
people. For the design of the built environment reflects - Based on idealism and a utopian vision of
man’s expression of his way of life, his emotional, human life and society and a belief in progress
philosophical, religious, technological and material - It assumed that certain ultimate universal
values in response to his needs and environmental principles or truths such as those formulated by
challenges.” religion or science could be used to understand
● “We must believe in ourselves, our capabilities, or explain reality
innovativeness and creativity, and stop imitating alien - Modernist artists experimented with form,
cultures and architectures. We must believe that in technique and processes rather than focusing
accepting what we are and what we have – both their on subjects, believing they could find a way of
limitations and potentials – we can finally emerge as purely reflecting the modern world.
equals.”
● Three factors make an authentic=ic Filipino architecture: ● POSTMODERNISM
Filipino values, Philippine climate and the use of - Postmodernism can be seen as a reaction
indigenous materials. The point is not to rebuild the against the ideas and values of modernism, as
bahay kubo and bahay na bato – their time had come well as a description of the period that followed
and gone – but to learn from them. What makes it modernism’s dominance in cultural theory and
uniquely Filipino? And how does an architect build practice in the early and middle decades of the
modern structures that meet present-day needs and twentieth century
retain allegiance to a native values? - The term is associated with skepticism, irony,
● “I design Filipino, nothing else.” and philosophical critiques of the concepts of
universal truths and objective reality
- It challenged the notion that there are universal
certainties or truths
- Postmodern art drew on philosophy of the mid
1. How can contemporary architecture incorporate Filipino to late twentieth century, and advocated that
culture into our living spaces? individual experience and interpretation of our
2. How can we preserve the legacy of Architect Bobby experience more than abstract principles
Mañosa? - While the modernists championed clarity and
3. What socio-cultural problems do we see in how urban simplicity, postmodernism embraced complex
spaces and structures are designed and constructed in and often contradictory layers of meaning
the country? - Anti-authoritarian by nature, postmodernism
4. In the age of social media and vast technological refused to recognize the authority of any single
advancements, is national and cultural heritage still style or definition of what art should be
relevant? - It collapsed the distinction between high culture
5. What can you do as students to help preserve heritage and mass or popular culture, between art and
buildings? everyday life
 - Because postmodernism broke the established
rules about style, it introduced a new era of
freedom and a sense that ‘anything goes’
- Often funny, tongue-in-cheek or ludicrous; it can
be confrontational and controversial ,
challenging the boundaries of taste; but most
crucially, it reflects a self-awareness of style
itself
- Often mixing different artistic and popular styles
and media, postmodernist art can also
consciously and self-consciously borrow from
or ironically comment on a range of styles from
the past

WHAT IS POSTMODERNIST ABOUT BANKSY’S ART?

● APPROPRIATION
- Appropriation in art is , to appropriate, borrow,
recycle or sample aspects of artificial visual
culture
- The name appropriation refers to the use of
composited elements in the creation of a new
work
● RECONTEXTUALIZATION
- Positioning familiar imagery in relation to
pictures, symbols, or texts that it is not usually
associate with
- A process that extracts text, signs or meaning
from its original context in order to introduce it
into another context
● SATIRE
- The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or
ridicule to expose and criticise people’s stupidity
or vices, particularly in the context of
contemporary politics and other topical issues
● IRONY
- The expression of one’s meaning by using
language that normally signifies the opposite,
typically for humorous or emphatic effect
● SPACE
- A boundless, three-dimensional extent in which
objects and events occur and have relative
position and direction
● INTERACTIVITY
- Interactive art is a form of art that involves the
spectator in a way that allows the art to achieve
its purpose
● ANONYMITY
- Banksy is an anonymous artist with a distinct
identity
- Nobody knows who banksy is, but almost
everybody knows his work.