n 0il Sa1ugple

6
Determination of Aniline Point of

le drtemalolnl tlu anlIM: fesrit

h elud deseisburs pren'ilhu fo
Scope
etoleu1u dutsund hydmarbon olsent

TURAINOI.OGV
definitions shull apply.
For the purpose ol this method,the following
for cqual volume of
- The minimum solution temperaturc
Aniline Point (of an Oil) cquilibrium

anilne and sanmple.

OUTLINE OF METHOD
The
in a tube.and
mixed mechanicaliy.
and are placed
Specified
volumes ofaniline sample
miscible. The
mixture is then
the two phascs hecomes
mixture is heated at
a controlled rule until is recorded
as the
at which two phases separate
rate and the temperature
cooled at a controlled

aniline point.

APPARATUS
Test tube

Jacket

Stirrer

PROCEDURE test tube

diesel sampleinto the
Pipette
20ml aniline and 20ml dried
that the
Clean and dry the apparatus. test tube making surc
Center the thermometer in the
stirrer and thermomcter. rises
fitted with the tube so that the temperature
the side of the tube. Heat
bulb does not touch stir the mixture.
temperature is obtained. During heating.
until complete miscibility
at a rate of 1-3°C/minute of1-2°cC
Cool the sample to a temperature
mixture to cool, continuing stiring.
Now allow the the temperature at which
and record as the aniline point,
below the first appearance ofturbidity of aniline point temperature by
throughout. Repeal the observation
the mixture becomes cloudy
at least 3 times.
heating
and cooling repeatedly

J
 etermination of Cloud Point and Pour Point of Oil
Heav
SOPE
ieriads prei prKedures or the aeiermins:iers
in'eun nnduets
oic.cuiR: 2-
he ethd fvr civud point is inie jd for use only on ais which are transgureni ir iaye
4Oza in thickness and have a cloui point elew 40C.
The method tor cioud point is intended for use on any petroleum oü.

TERINOLOGY
For the purpse of this standard. the following definitioas shal apply.

Cloud Point- The temperaiure. evpressed

a
asa multiple of 1°C. which a cioud or haze of wa
te bottom of the jar wien the oil is cooled
unier prescribed condiions
crystals arpear at test

Pour Point -The lowes temperatre, expressad

asa mulipe of3°C, awhich the ol is

obsened to îlow wen coaled andexamined under prescribed conditions

OUTLINE OF THE METHOD

a specificd rateand examinod
point. a samphle
is coaled at
In the determinatioa of cloud
The temperature at uhich haziness is first observed at the botom ofthe tstjas
periodically.
noted and recorded as the cloud point ofthe material.

in the determinatioa of pour point, the sample is first hested and then cooledata specified z.
t,

3C
for fow characteristics Tbe
louest temperaure st wbich the od
is examined atan interval of
is observed to flow is noted
and recorded as the pourpoint of the material.

APPARATUS
Test jar

Thermometers
Cooling bath
 Determination of hinematic of givon oil in Redwondd Viscometer
viseosity

lw find out the Lmematie Viconneter

beetis e tiscostty ol a huquid lucl slnipe b: Redsuond

Thcon

l
Cas
IScosity

Redwood
o the denA
liscometer.
a

ily
fluid

f the
is the measure

fuid is known
of its retmee tu flow
as kinematic viscosity.
The ratioofthe cu-efncrent oy
The apparatus uscd is knOWn

The kinematic of the be calculated from the formula

viscosity oil may

AT-BT
Wherc, v: kincmatic viscosity of oil, centistokes

T: time ofcollection of 50 ml sample, seconds

A and B:instrument constants, (For T=40-85 sec. A=0.264, B=190

T 85-2000sec, A=0.247,B=65)

Experiment equipment and materials required:

I. Redwood Viscometer
2. 50 ml conical flask

Thermometer
Stop watch

Sketch ofapparatus:

3
 OIL
OF THE FLASH-POINT OF AN
DETERMINATION
o
appratus
lash point by Pensky-Martcns
the closed-eup
Objective:To detcrmine
the given fucl.

which thc Oil

at
Thcory: minimum tempcrature
as the
of an oil is defined
ofa flameof staindard
lash-p0int" on the introduction
ofl sutlicient vapor to ignite momentarily an
o! speciic
rate in apparatus
gIves heated at a prescribed
dimcnsion. when
the oil is
also ol the
construction and dimensions. the oil, but
not only of
a characteristic
or may not be
he "tlash-point" is therefore proviac
The apparatus may
I
determination. or "Open.
which is used for its
called "Closed"
apparatus obtained is correspondingly reason.
and the for obvious
a "Open"

.
with lid "lash-point" lower than
any oil is always of Petroleum (U.K.),
Ihe "Closed" *flash-point" of by the Institute
of standard apparatus specified 120 F and the other
There arc two forns upto
- designed
for determining flash-point"
above 120
one is Abel apparatus
for determining "1lash-point"
apparatus
Pensky-Martens
and materials required: oil.
sample
Experimental equipment Bunsen burner, LPG supply.
arrangement.
Pensky-Marten closed-cup

Sketch of apparatus:

the given mark.

The lid is placed in
Procedure: dried and upto
filled in
is put is
The oil cup is cleaned, holder and the cup
in the thernmometer is
is inserted
the thermometer
to the size of
a bid, 4 mm
in diameter. Hecating
position, at an rpm of
The test flame adjusted to 1lF per minute and stirrer is rotated
is
position.
started and
continued at a rate of 9 lcast 30 F below
the "lash-point" the test Name

at a temperature of at the test flame

60 to 120. Starting should be stopped when
intervals of 2 F. Stirring
is applied at temperature flash is visible in the
two observation point
at which a distinct
is applied.
The temperature
is recordcd.

data and Results:

Experimental
in tabular form:
data are to be prescribed
Experimental
Observation
Barometric Temperature
Material taken
Pressure
 DeTination of Reid v.por pressure (RVP) ol p,Iholine

SOPE
This ctol is intended ol the de'tenination
ol V|" 1 pt* r or

j"tieolen ges, or
Voltile, non-viscous petroleum products exCept li(quctied

its dpplical1oll t
A modilication to the melod permits
wich it
gives low results.
Is
In tis case gasoline
Dicnds containng alcohols or other water-soluble materials.

used for the test.

OUTLINE OF METIHOD
which is
of the apparatus
The sample is contained in the gasoline- chamber
The apparatus is then
to an air chamber fitted with a pressure gauge.
Connected is
until a constant reading
at a temperature of 38°C and shaken periodically
kept have been
after certain corrections
obtained on the pressure gauge .This reading
the sample.
reid vapor pressure of
applied, is the

APPARATUS

Gasoline -Chamber (Vapor-Pressure bomb)

bomb a cylindrical
part of the
,
vapor pressure
Air Chamber(The upper

vessel)

.A Bourdon-type
of spring gauge

Water Bath (maintained

at a constant temperature of 38.0°C + 0.1°C

PROCEDURE
 ad the
dre to be cleaned properly
The air chamber and gasoline ciambers
is airtighi
so that the connection
is to be atlached
bourdon ype prcSsure gauge
to the
and connected
is to be fitted with the sample gasoline
The ga' line chamnber and shake at it

bomb upside down

chamber . Turn the vapor pressure at
air
the water bath
in the water bath. Keep
Then immerse the bomb
igorously. .After 5 minute
the experiment .Experiment
Ct0.1°C throughout
and replace in the bath.
insert it , shake vigorously
bomb from the bath, Remove
withdraw
observe the gauge reading.
of not less than 2 minute
at interval return it to the
Thereafter and
in the manner described above
the bath, shake
it
has been
he bomb from until the equilibrium
for at least 20 minutes
bath. Continue this operation
should be recorded.
reached.The gauge reading
n