AS 2118.

5—2008
Automatic fire sprinkler systemsl)
Part 5: Home fire sprinkler systems

AS
This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee FP-004, Automatic Fire Sprinkler
Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on
11 February 2008.
This Standard was published on 23 May 2008.

The following are represented on Committee FP-004:

• Association of Consulting Engineers Australia

• Australasian Fire Authorities Council
• Australian Building Codes Board
• Australia Industry Group
• CSIRO
• Consumers Federation of Australia
• Department of Defence (Australia)
• Department of Human Services (Victoria)
• Engineers Australia
• Fire Protection Association Australia
• Insurance Council of Australia
• National Fire Industry Association
• Property Council of Australia

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06464.

Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.

Keeping Standards up-to-date

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systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
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using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.

Detailed information about Australian Standards, drafts, amendments and new projects can
be found by visiting www.standards.org.au

Standards Australia welcomes suggestions for improvements, and encourages readers to

notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
[email protected], or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
 AS 2118.5—2008

Australian Standard®

Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 5: Home fire sprinkler systems

First published as AS 2118.5—1995. (DOMESTIC SPRINKLERS)

Second edition 2008.

COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 8640 5
AS 2118.5—2008 2

PREFACE
This Australian Standard was prepared by Standards Australia Committee FP-004,
Automatic Sprinkler Systems, to supersede AS 2118.5—1995, Automatic fire sprinkler
systems, Part 5: Domestic sprinkler systems.
This Standard was developed taking into consideration local and international Standards
including NZS 4517—2003, Fire sprinkler systems for domestic occupancies, NFPA 13D,
Standard for Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings and
Manufactured Homes and BS 9251:2005, Sprinkler systems for residential and domestic
occupancies. Code of Practice.
The sprinkler Standards have been restructured into two groups: Systems (AS 2118 series)
and Component (AS 4118 series) The complete series comprises the following:
AS
2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems
2118.1 Part 1: General requirements
2118.2 Part 2: Wall wettings sprinklers (Drenchers)
2118.3 Part 3: Deluge
2118.4 Part 4: Residential
2118.5 Part 5: Home fire sprinkler systems (this Standard)
2118.6 Part 6: Combined sprinkler and hydrant
4118 Fire sprinkler systems
4118.1.1 Part 1.1: Components—Sprinklers and sprayers
4118.1.2 Part 1.2: Components—Alarm valves (wet)
4118.1.3 Part 1.3: Components—Water motor alarms
4118.1.4 Part 1.4: Components—Valve monitors
4118.1.5 Part 1.5: Components—Deluge and pre-action valves
4118.1.6 Part 1.6: Components—Stop valves and non-return valves
4118.1.7 Part 1.7: Components—Alarm valves (dry)
4118.1.8 Part 1.8: Components—Pressure-reducing valves
4118.2.1 Part 2.1: Piping—General
This Standard incorporates a Commentary on some of the clauses. The Commentary
directly follows the relevant clause shown in italic font-type and enclosed in a panel.
The Commentary is for information only and does not need to be followed for
compliance with the Standard. Commentaries on clauses explain the purpose of a clause
and give, in some cases background information.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part
of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.
Notes in this Standard are advisory only.
 3 AS 2118.5—2008

CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................. 5

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................. 6
1.3 COMPETENT PERSONS ........................................................................................... 7
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .................................................................................... 7
1.5 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 8
1.6 ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... 9

SECTION 2 INSTALLATION
2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 10
2.2 EXTENT OF SPRINKLER PROTECTION .............................................................. 10
2.3 SMOKE ALARMS.................................................................................................... 12
2.4 SYSTEM TYPE......................................................................................................... 13
2.5 INSTALLATION CONFIGURATIONS ................................................................... 13

SECTION 3 WATER SUPPLIES

3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 18
3.2 SUPPLY .................................................................................................................... 18
3.3 SOURCE OF SUPPLY.............................................................................................. 18
3.4 SUPPLY AVAILABILITY—NETWORK UTILITY OPERATOR DRINKING
WATER SUPPLY ..................................................................................................... 23
3.5 SUPPLY FLOW, PRESSURE AND DURATION .................................................... 23
3.6 PUMPSETS............................................................................................................... 23
3.7 TANKS...................................................................................................................... 26

SECTION 4 DESIGN AND HYDRAULICS

4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 27
4.2 DESIGN CRITERIA ................................................................................................. 27
4.3 SPACING OF SPRINKLERS.................................................................................... 27
4.4 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS ............................................................................. 39

SECTION 5 COMPONENTS
5.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 52
5.2 PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS ...................................................................................... 52
5.3 VALVES ................................................................................................................... 53
5.4 WATER METER ASSEMBLY ................................................................................. 54
5.5 SPRINKLERS ........................................................................................................... 55

SECTION 6 COMMISSIONING ........................................................................................... 59

APPENDICES
A OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL PROTECTION ............................................................. 60
B CONSUMER INFORMATION ................................................................................. 62
C HOME SPRINKLERS—OWNER’S GUIDE TO FUNCTIONS AND BENEFITS... 64
D MAINTENANCE ...................................................................................................... 68
E WATER SUPPLY TESTS......................................................................................... 69
F HYDRAULIC CALCULATION ............................................................................... 71
AS 2118.5—2008 4

Page

G PROTECTION OF PIPING AGAINST FIRE ........................................................... 72

H COMPLETION CERTIFICATE................................................................................ 74
 5 AS 2118.5—2008

FOREWORD
This Standard represents an innovation in sprinkler design in Australia. It provides
economical and cost-effective automatic fire sprinkler protection for homes and has been
especially written for use by authorized plumbers or sprinkler fitters who would, with
appropriate training and education, carry out the majority of installations. The prime
objective of a home sprinkler system is to allow the occupants to escape in the event of fire.
A sprinkler system installed in accordance with this Standard is expected to prevent
flashover (total involvement) in the room of fire origin.
Sprinkler systems have become the most widely used and most reliable automatic means of
fire protection. Sprinkler systems automatically detect a fire and act to control or extinguish
it. They are located in places where people cannot always be present and operate only as
needed in the immediate vicinity of the fire. They have important life safety benefits, and
can prevent fires from reaching destructive proportions, which may mean the difference
between a minor inconvenience and a major tragedy.
A typical home sprinkler system consists of a piping network, connected to a permanent
water supply feeding automatic sprinklers located in cooking, living and sleeping areas
throughout the home. Convected heat from a fire causes operation of one or more thermally
sensitive sprinklers, thereby permitting water to be discharged directly over the fire-
affected area.
This edition of the Standard introduces the concept of ‘combined’ systems serving both
domestic water fixtures and appliances and fire sprinklers whilst retaining provisions for
‘independent’ systems serving separate sprinkler and domestic water fixture and appliance
piping. It is envisaged that new homes would utilize the combined system option and
independent system option would generally be considered more practical for existing
homes.
Selection, location and spacing of sprinklers is adequately covered in the Standard, but
combined sprinklers will require the evaluation of the available water supply and flow
calculations to determine pipe sizes. Although pipe sizing tables are provided in the
Standard, the use of a computer-based hydraulic flow program may assist in determining
the most efficient pipe sizing.
Appendix G sets out a test for the protection of sprinkler pipe against fire. However,
Clause 5.2.2 does not mandate a test method. Appendix G provides for a test for assessing
protection against fire of listed plastics pipe and fittings installed above ceiling
arrangements. Although the test is optional, the appendix is written in normative terms.
This Standard does not address bushfire protection. It is not intended to deal with exterior
protection of homes exposed to fire, or multiple interior fires that may occur as a result of
exposure to severe fire fronts such as those associated with bushfires.
AS 2118.5—2008 6

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 5: Home fire sprinkler systems

SECT ION 1 SCOPE AND GENERA L

1.1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies minimum requirements for the components, design, installation,
commissioning and maintenance of automatic home fire sprinkler systems for one- and two-
family homes. It provides two options, namely an independent piping system serving fire
sprinklers only or a combined piping system serving both the fire sprinklers and the
domestic plumbing fixtures.
This Standard is intended to provide a degree of life safety and property protection for the
occupants of one- and two-family homes as follows:
(a) Single dwellings, detached houses.
(b) Terrace houses, townhouses, villa units (multiple adjoining dwellings which are
separated by fire rated walls).
(c) Moveable or relocatable dwellings.
(d) Cabins.
(e) ‘Granny’ flats.
This Standard does not apply to residential occupancies covered by AS 2118.1 (general
systems) and AS 2118.4 (residential systems).
NOTES:
1 This Standard provides minimum requirements; however, in certain circumstances, such as
concealed spaces used for storage purposes, extended protection may be considered. Guidance
on optional additional protection is given in Appendix A.
2 The installation of smoke alarms forms an integral part of the requirements of this Standard.
3 The design criteria in this Standard are aimed at maintaining survival conditions for a period
of at least 10 min during which it is assumed that evacuation will be accomplished.
4 Consumer information is provided in Appendix B.
5 Guide to function and benefits of home sprinklers is provided in Appendix C.
6 Information on maintenance is given in Appendix D.

1.2 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this Standard is to provide a sprinkler system that, together with smoke
alarms, will detect and control fires in a home, thus providing a level of protection against
injury or loss of life, together with reduction of property damage. A sprinkler system
designed and installed in accordance with this standard is expected to delay and possibly
prevent flashover (total room involvement) in the room of fire origin and to improve the
likelihood of occupants escaping or evacuating.

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 7 AS 2118.5—2008

1.3 COMPETENT PERSONS

1.3.1 General
The design, installation, commissioning and maintenance of fire sprinkler systems for
family homes shall be conducted by competent persons. Competencies shall be determined
in accordance with the appropriate Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) and state
licence.
1.3.2 Installation
Combined systems shall be installed by an authorized plumber.
Independent systems shall be installed by either an authorized plumber or an authorized
sprinkler fitter.
NOTES:
1 The body administering competencies is the Construction Property Service Industry Skills
Council (CPSISC).
2 Personnel, such as registered sprinkler fitters, who are recognized by an appropriate authority
to install home sprinkler systems, would satisfy the provisions of this Clause.

1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Standard.
NOTE: Documents referenced for informative purposes are listed in the Bibliography.
AS
1210 Pressure vessels
1670 Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—System design,
installation and commissioning
1670.6 Part 6: Smoke alarms
2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems
2118.1 Part 1: General systems
3786 Smoke alarms
4118 Fire sprinkler systems (series)
5200 Technical specification for plumbing and drainage products (series)
5200.486 Part 486: Sprinklers for home applications (WATERMARK)
AS/NZS
3000 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)
3500 Plumbing and drainage (series)
3500.1 Part 1: Water services
HB
HB 147 Sprinklers simplified

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AS 2118.5—2008 8

1.5 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS/NZS 3500.0, AS 2118.1 and
those below apply.
1.5.1 Competent person
A person who has acquired through training, qualification, experience, or a combination of
these, the knowledge and skill enabling him/her to correctly perform the tasks required by
this Standard, and who is licensed by a recognized authority acknowledging the training,
qualification, experience or skills.
1.5.2 Home sprinkler
A listed concealed, flush or pendent type residential fire sprinkler with a K factor of 7.1
(litres/min and Kilopascals), which also meets the approval criteria under the WaterMark
certification scheme.
NOTE: See AS 5200 series of Technical Specifications.
1.5.3 Home sprinkler system, combined
A system utilizing a common connection to the tank or network utility operator’s drinking
water supply serving combined piping for (drinking) water service, fixtures, appliances and
fire sprinklers.
NOTE: A combined system may also be connected to a recycled water supply feeding water
closets (WCs) and outside toilets.
1.5.4 Home sprinkler system, independent
A system utilizing a single connection, or separate connection, to a tank or network utility
operator supply and separate piping serving a fire sprinkler system and a (drinking) water
service.
NOTE: An independent system may also be connected to a recycled water supply.
1.5.5 K factor
The constant in the following formula:
Q
K=
P
where Q equals rate of flow (litres/minute) and P equals pressure (kilopascals).
1.5.6 Listed
Sprinkler equipment or materials demonstrated to meet the requirements of AS 4118
(series), and included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the authority
having jurisdiction concerned with product evaluation, maintains periodic inspection of
production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states that either the
equipment or material meets appropriate standards or has been tested and found suitable for
use in a specified manner.
NOTE: Various organizations produce lists of equipment suitable for use in fire sprinkler
systems. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary with each organization concerned
with product evaluation. Some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also
labelled. For identifying and nominating a product as listed, reference should be made to the
method used by the organization that has listed the equipment.
1.5.7 Piping
1.5.7.1 Branch
A pipe extending from a gridded layout to a plumbing fixture or appliance and on which
sprinklers are not connected.

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 9 AS 2118.5—2008

1.5.7.2 Dropper
A vertical pipe not exceeding 75 mm in length, extending from the gridded layout to the
sprinkler.
1.5.8 Priority demand valve
Valve designed to automatically divert the water supply from a domestic service to an
independent sprinkler installation, at time of sprinkler operation.
1.5.9 Shall
Indicates a mandatory requirement.
1.5.10 Should
Indicates a recommendation or that which is advisory but not mandatory.

1.6 ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations are used in this Standard:
(a) CU—Copper
(b) PVC-C—Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
(c) PB—Polybutylene
(d) PEX—Cross-linked polyethylene
(e) SS—Stainless steel

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AS 2118.5—2008 10

SECT ION 2 I NSTA L L A T I ON

2.1 GENERAL
Home sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this
Section.

2.2 EXTENT OF SPRINKLER PROTECTION

The home shall be sprinkler protected throughout except in the following areas, for which
protection is optional (see Figures 2.2(A), 2.2(B) and 2.2(C) for typical home floor plans):
(a) Hallways, entries, stairs and the like not exceeding 3m in width.
(b) Cupboards, wardrobes, walk-in wardrobes, pantries, alcoves and recesses less than
3.0 m 2; not containing clothes driers, gas water heaters, cooking appliances and the
like, or used for the storage of flammable liquids.
(c) Concealed floor, ceiling and roof spaces not used as living areas.
(d) Toilets, bathrooms and ensuites, excluding dual use as a laundry.
(e) Open external porches, balconies, walkways and stairs.
(f) Detached, or non-communicating attached, garages/laundries and similar utility
rooms unless used for sleeping purposes. Where attached garages have an internal
access door to the living areas, a ‘cut-off’ sprinkler shall be installed and located
within 1 m of the doorway, on the garage side (see Figures 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3).
NOTE: The role of the ‘cut-off’ sprinkler is to provide a measure of protection against the
possible spread of fire from the garage to the home via the communicating doorway.
(g) Small architectural features such as planter box windows and bay windows.
Home sprinklers shall be spaced as detailed in Table 4.3. Typical sprinkler layouts are
summarized in Table 2.2 and illustrated in Figures 2.2(A), 2.2(B) and 2.2(C).

TABLE 2.2
TYPICAL HOME FLOOR PLANS
No. of Gross No. of Garage for No. of No. of
Figure No.
floors area (m 2 ) bedrooms cars bathrooms sprinklers
2.2(A) 1 130 3 1 1 10
2.2(B) 1 200 4 2 1 + ensuite 12
2.3(C) 2 300 5 + 2 studies 2 2 + ensuite 22

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 11 AS 2118.5—2008

Fa m i l y B e d ro o m 3

Laundr y

K i tc h e n Dining B e d ro o m 2

C u t- of f
sprinkler

B ath ro o m
Single
g a rag e
Living

B e d ro o m 1

D e n ote s a s p r i n k l e r
NOTE: The home floor plan is intended only to provide a layout to illustrate where sprinklers are generally located and
does not represent the number of sprinklers required.

FIGURE 2.2(A) TYPICAL SPRINKLER LAYOUT—3 BEDROOM HOME

B e d ro o m 4

Dining
B e d ro o m 3

Laundr y
K i tc h e n Fa m i l y
B e d ro o m 2
C u t- of f
sprinkler

Double B ath ro o m
g a rag e
Living
E n s u i te

B e d ro o m 1

D e n ote s a s p r i n k l e r

NOTE: The home floor plan is intended only to provide a layout to illustrate where sprinklers are generally located and
does not represent the number of sprinklers required.

FIGURE 2.2(B) TYPICAL SPRINKLER LAYOUT—4 BEDROOM HOME

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AS 2118.5—2008 12

B e d ro o m 1

B e d ro o m 2 B e d ro o m 3

E n s u i te

B ath ro o m
Lo u n g e

S tu d y B e d ro o m 5 B e d ro o m 4

T V Room

Dining

L au n d r y

Fa m i l y K i tc h e n
Spa

C u t- of f
B ath sprinkler
Double
g a rag e
S tu d y
Living

D e n ote s a s p r i n k l e r

NOTE: The home floor plan is intended only to provide a layout to illustrate where sprinklers are generally located and
does not represent the number of sprinklers required.

FIGURE 2.2(C) TYPICAL SPRINKLER LAYOUT—5 BEDROOM, TWO-STOREY HOME

2.3 SMOKE ALARMS

The home to be sprinkler protected shall incorporate an early warning smoke alarm system
consisting of smoke alarms manufactured in accordance with AS 3786 and located in
accordance with AS 1670.6.
C2.3 It is essential to combine smoke alarms with a home sprinkler system to provide
both early warning and automatic fire suppression to facilitate the safe evacuation
of the building occupants in the event of fire.

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 13 AS 2118.5—2008

2.4 SYSTEM TYPE

A sprinkler system shall be a wet pipe system, that is, one that is permanently charged with
water. In frost-prone regions, all pipework shall be protected against damage caused by the
freezing of water.

2.5 INSTALLATION CONFIGURATIONS

2.5.1 General
Installation piping shall be configured as a combined (gridded only) or independent
(gridded, looped or branched) piping layout.
2.5.2 Combined systems
Combined systems shall not incorporate dead-legs or droppers. Sprinklers shall be directly
connected to the piping grid. A typical arrangement using flexible pipe is shown in
Figure 2.5.2(A).
NOTE: A dead-leg is a branch pipe exceeding 75 mm in length and terminating at a sprinkler.
Valves capable of isolating sprinklers shall not be installed in the piping grid.
A typical piping layout is shown in Figure 2.5.2(B).
2.5.3 Independent systems
Take-offs feeding independent systems shall incorporate dual check valve backflow
prevention in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1.
A valve (full-flow) shall be installed in the domestic service to permit isolation of that
service without interruption of the drinking water supply to the independent sprinkler
installation [see Figures 3.3.2(A) and 3.3.2(B)].
NOTE: In the case of independent systems, a listed automatic priority valve bearing the
WaterMark may be installed at the connection to the sprinkler system to shut off the domestic
water supply and maintain the design pressure required for the sprinkler system.
Typical piping layouts are shown in Figures 2.5.2(C) and 2.5.2(D).
2.5.4 Pipe routing
The sprinkler system piping shall not be run through heating ducts, or be connected to the
domestic hot water system.
2.5.5 Electrical safety precautions and earthing
When retrofitting combined systems and replacing any existing metallic pipe in part or
entirely by plastic pipe or non-metallic fittings or couplings, the work shall not commence
until the earthing and equipotential bonding requirements have been checked by an
electrical contractor and modified if necessary.

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 AS 2118.5—2008

© Standards Australia
14

FIGURE 2.5.2(A) TYPICAL FLEXIBLE PIPE AND SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT

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 15 AS 2118.5—2008

G a rd e n t a p

Pl u m b i n g
f i x tu re e.g
l au n d r y &
b ath ro o m
Pl u m b i n g
f i x tu re
Pl u m b i n g
f i x tu re

G a rd e n t a p L EG EN D :

= Sprinkler

= R i s e r o r d ro p p e r

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= Wate r m ete r

= B ac k f l ow p reve nti o n

Wate r m a i n = R e m ote te st va l ve
and label

FIGURE 2.5.2(B) PIPING—COMBINED SYSTEM—GRIDDED LAYOUT

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AS 2118.5—2008 16

L EG EN D :
D o m e sti c s e r v i c e
= Sprinkler

= R i s e r o r d ro p p e r

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= Wate r m ete r

= B ac k f l ow p reve nti o n

Wate r m a i n = R e m ote te st va l ve
and label

FIGURE 2.5.2(C) PIPING—INDEPENDENT SYSTEM—LOOPED LAYOUT

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 17 AS 2118.5—2008

L EG EN D :
D o m e sti c s e r v i c e
= Sprinkler

= R i s e r o r d ro p p e r

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= Wate r m ete r

= B ac k f l ow p reve nti o n

= R e m ote te st va l ve
and label
Wate r m a i n
= Pr i o r i t y va l ve

FIGURE 2.5.2(D) PIPING—INDEPENDENT SYSTEM—BRANCHED LAYOUT

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AS 2118.5—2008 18

SECT ION 3 WATER SUPPL I ES

3.1 GENERAL
Water supplies for home sprinkler systems shall be in accordance with this Section.

3.2 SUPPLY
Home sprinkler systems shall have at least one water supply that is automatically available
on sprinkler activation and is drawn from one of the sources detailed in Clause 3.3. The
water shall be free from particulate or dissolved matter that could adversely affect any part
of the system.

3.3 SOURCE OF SUPPLY

3.3.1 Combined system
Any one of the following sources of water supply may be used with combined systems:
(a) A network utility operator drinking water supply [see Figure 3.3.1(A)], where the
sprinklers are fed from the same service pipe as the domestic service.
(b) A network utility operator recycled water supply [see Figure 3.3.1(B)], where the
sprinklers are fed from the same service pipe as the water closets (WC) and outside
outlets.
(c) Either of the above with a booster pump.
(d) A combined storage tank with pump [see Figure 3.3.1(C)], serving both fire sprinkler
and domestic service water requirements with an automatic top-up capable of
maintaining the sprinkler reserve of 1200 L.
(e) Other approved alternative water supply.
The source of supply shall be protected with backflow prevention in accordance with
AS/NZS 3500.1 and local water supply requirements where underground tanks and
submersible tanks apply.
C3.3.1 A storage tank with a pump serving the independent fire sprinkler and domestic
water requirements may be considered acceptable when the tank is provided with either
an automatic infill capable of maintaining the sprinkler reserve of 1200 L at all times or
a water level alarm to indicate the sprinkler reserve capacity has been reached.

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 19 AS 2118.5—2008

Combined
sprinkler
d o m e s ti c
ser vice
L EG EN D :

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

B ac k f l ow
Wate r m a i n =
p reve nti o n

= Pu m p

= Wate r m ete r

= N o n-retu r n va l ve

FIGURE 3.3.1(A) TYPICAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY CONNECTION—

COMBINED SYSTEM

Combined sprinkler
and non-drinking
d o m e sti c wate r s e r v i c e s

L EG EN D :

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= N o n-retu r n va l ve
Wate r m a i n
= Pu m p

= Wate r m ete r

FIGURE 3.3.1(B) TYPICAL RECYCLED WATER SUPPLY CONNECTION—

COMBINED SYSTEM

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AS 2118.5—2008 20

C o m b i n e d n o n- d r i n k i n g
a n d d o m e sti c wate r
Air gap
s to r a g e t a n k ( a b ove
o r b e l ow g ro u n d ) Combined
sprinkler and
n o n- d r i n k i n g
d o m e s ti c
ser vices

Drinking L EG EN D :
wate r s u p p l y
= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= N o n-retu r n va l ve

= Pu m p

Wate r m a i n = Wate r m ete r

= B ac k f l ow p reve nti o n

NOTE: The air gap acts effectively as backflow prevention (see AS/NZS 3500.1).

FIGURE 3.3.1(C) TYPICAL COMMON WATER STORAGE TANK SUPPLY

CONNECTION—COMBINED SYSTEM

3.3.2 Independent systems

Any of the following sources of water supply may be used with independent systems:
(a) A network utility operator drinking water supply [see Figure 3.3.2(A)], where
sprinklers are fed from a dedicated take-off via double check valves.
(b) A network utility operator recycled water supply [see Figure 3.3.2(B)], where
sprinklers are fed from a dedicated take-off.
(c) Either of the above with a booster pump.
(d) Storage tank with pump serving fire sprinklers only [see Figure 3.3.2(C)].
(e) Common storage tank supplying the domestic service and independent fire sprinkler
piping with separate pumps with dedicated sprinkler reserve capacity of 1200 L
[see Figure 3.3.2(D)].
(f) Pressure tank [see Figure 3.3.2(E)].
(g) Other approved alternative water supply.
C3.3.2 A storage tank with a pump serving the independent fire sprinkler and domestic
water requirements may be considered acceptable when the tank is provided with either
an automatic infill capable of maintaining the sprinkler reserve of 1200 L at all times or
a water level alarm to indicate the sprinkler reserve capacity has been reached.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 21 AS 2118.5—2008

D o m e sti c
ser vice

I n d e p e n d e nt
sprinkler
Wate r m a i n
syste m

L EG EN D :

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= N o n-retu r n va l ve

= B ac k f l ow p reve nti o n

= Pu m p

= Wate r m ete r

= Pr i o r i t y va l ve

FIGURE 3.3.2(A) TYPICAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY CONNECTION—

INDEPENDENT SYSTEM

D o m e sti c
n o n- d r i n k i n g
ser vice

I n d e p e n d e nt
sprinkler
Wate r m a i n
syste m

L EG EN D :

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= N o n-retu r n va l ve

= Pu m p

= Wate r m ete r

= Pr i o r i t y va l ve

FIGURE 3.3.2(B) TYPICAL RECYCLED WATER SUPPLY CONNECTION—

INDEPENDENT SYSTEM

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AS 2118.5—2008 22

I n d e p e n d e nt
sprinkler
syste m
Sprinkler tank

L EG EN D:

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

= N o n-retu r n va l ve

= Pu m p

FIGURE 3.3.2(C) TYPICAL WATER SUPPLY—STORAGE TANK WITH PUMP SERVING

FIRE SPRINKLERS ONLY—INDEPENDENT SYSTEM

D o m e s ti c
ser vice

I n d e p e n d e nt
sprinkler
syste m
C o m b i n e d d o m e s ti c L EG EN D:
and
sprinkler tank = Is o l ati n g va l ve

= N o n-retu r n va l ve

= Pu m p

FIGURE 3.3.2(D) TYPICAL WATER SUPPLY—COMMON STORAGE TANK SUPPLYING

THE DOMESTIC SERVICE AND INDEPENDENT FIRE SPRINKLER PIPING
WITH SEPARATE PUMPS—INDEPENDENT SYSTEM

I n d e p e n d e nt
sprinkler
syste m
Pre s s u re
tank
L EG EN D :

= Is o l ati n g va l ve

C o m p re s s e d g a s
=
s u p p l y ( n i tro g e n )

(NOTE: See Clause 3.7.3.)

FIGURE 3.3.2(E) TYPICAL WATER SUPPLY—PRESSURE TANK

INDEPENDENT SYSTEM

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 23 AS 2118.5—2008

3.4 SUPPLY AVAILABILITY—NETWORK UTILITY OPERATOR DRINKING

WATER SUPPLY
The minimum flow and pressure of a reliable water supply shall be taken as those
nominated by the relevant network utility operator which it considers can be maintained for
at least ‘95% of the time’. If the network utility operator is unable to provide ‘95% of the
time’ data then the minimum water supply data shall apply. In the absence of ‘95% of the
time’ data, the water supply shall be tested prior to commencement. In any event, the
completed installation shall be tested through the remote test valve to ensure availability of
the supply characteristics.
Where the water flow and supply characteristics of a network utility operator at the property
boundary are determined entirely by testing, such testing shall be in accordance with the
requirements of the network utility operator.
NOTE: For a recommended water supply test procedure, see Appendix E.

3.5 SUPPLY FLOW, PRESSURE AND DURATION

The available water supply shall be sufficient to provide the minimum design flow of
100 L/min at the required pressure for a duration of not less than 10 min (see also
Clause 4.2).

3.6 PUMPSETS
3.6.1 General
Where a pumpset is required it shall comply with Clauses 3.6.2 to 3.6.9, and be located in
such a position that it is unlikely to be subjected to physical damage or affected by weather.
A typical pumpset layout is illustrated in Figure 3.6.1.
3.6.2 Pump duty
The pump performance characteristics shall provide the sprinkler design water flow
nominated in Clause 4.2, at the required pressure.
3.6.3 Pumpset starting—Pressure switches
For a pumpset supplying a combined system, the pressure switch shall be set to operate at
approximately 100 kPa below the minimum pressure corresponding to the maximum
demand of the domestic system. Operation of the pressure switch shall also initiate an
audible pump running alarm located within the home.
C3.6.3 The pressure switch setting nominated in this Clause is approximate only. It is
intended to ensure that the pumpset does not operate prematurely but does operate as
soon as possible after sprinkler activation.
3.6.4 Power supply
A single-phase or three-phase supply is acceptable. The starter shall be an integral part of
the pumpset and shall not include thermal overload cutout devices. An isolating switch shall
be provided. It shall be capable of being locked in the ‘on’ position.
C3.6.4 It is recognized that mains power supply will normally be utilized; however,
this does not preclude the use of alternate power supplies.

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AS 2118.5—2008 24

M P PS SW

L EG EN D :

= H yd ro p n e u m ati c
= Pu m p
ac c u m u l ato r

M = El e c tr i c m oto r
= Lo c k a b l e i s o l ati n g va l ve
(normally open)
= Lo c k a b l e te st o u tl et va l ve
SW = Lo c k a b l e i s o l ati n g (normally closed)
sw i tc h
= C i rc u l ati o n re l i ef va l ve
P = D i s c h a rg e p re s s u re
gauge = G au g e c o c k

PS = Pre s s u re sw i tc h = N o n-retu r n va l ve

= Pi p i n g = Union
= Wiring
= Pu m p s et b o u n d a r y = M ete r i n g o r i f i c e

FIGURE 3.6.1 TYPICAL HOME SPRINKLER PUMPSET

3.6.5 Wiring
The pumpset shall be permanently connected to the supply side of the main switch. All
wiring shall comply with the requirements of AS/NZS 3000 and shall be protected against
fire exposure with a rating of not less than 30 min. This rating is represented as WS2X (see
Note). The driver and pressure switch shall be hard-wired to an integrally mounted isolating
switch lockable in the ‘on’ position and identified with a durable label as illustrated in
Figure 3.6.5.
NOTE: For information on rating, see AS/NZS 3013.

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 25 AS 2118.5—2008

WARNING:
FIRE SPRINKLER PUMP
ISOLATING–SWITCH:
1 MUST BE OFF WHEN THE WATER SUPPLY IS
ISOLATED.
2 MUST BE LOCKED ON AT ALL OTHER TIMES.
3 IN THE EVENT OF FIRE, DO NOT SWITCH OFF.

FIGURE 3.6.5 WARNING LABEL—PUMP–ISOLATING SWITCH

3.6.6 Valves
The pumpset package (see Figure 3.6.1) shall incorporate the following valves, which shall
be not less than DN 25:
(a) Non-return valve.
(b) Inlet isolating valve (full-flow; locked in the open position).
(c) Outlet isolating valve (full-flow; locked in the open position).
(d) Test outlet valve (full-flow; locked in the closed position, discharge visible).
(e) Relief valve (discharge visible).
NOTE: It is recommended that unions be provided downstream of the inlet valve and upstream of
the outlet valve to facilitate servicing of the pumpset.
3.6.7 Pressure gauges
The pumpset package shall incorporate a pump discharge pressure gauge (see Figure 3.6.1).
The gauge shall have a dial face with a diameter not less than 65 mm and shall be graduated
in increments of 25 kPa with a scale range of 0 to 1000 kPa.
3.6.8 Maximum allowable working pressure
The pumpset maximum allowable working pressure shall be the sum of the maximum water
supply and the pump shut-off pressure. It shall not exceed 1000 kPa.
3.6.9 Marking
An identification plate shall be affixed to the pumpset baseplate. It shall include the
following minimum information:
(a) Manufacturer’s name and address.
(b) Duty flow and pressure.
(c) Maximum allowable working pressure.
(d) Pump cut-in pressure.
(e) Hydro-pneumatic accumulator charge pressure.

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AS 2118.5—2008 26

3.7 TANKS
3.7.1 General
Water storage tanks serving home sprinkler systems may be of the atmospheric type or
pressure type (see Clauses 3.3.1 and 3.3.2). They may be arranged to supply sprinkler
system requirements only, or to supply both sprinkler and domestic (drinking and
appliance) requirements.
NOTE: Unless treated to a Class A quality, recycled and grey water is not permitted to be stored.
The local network utility operator should be contacted for advice.
3.7.2 Storage tanks—Atmospheric
Atmospheric storage tanks [see Figures 3.3.2(C) and 3.3.2(D)] shall be supplied by
rainwater, tanker or by network utility operator drinking water and shall have a minimum
sprinkler storage capacity of 1200 L. In the case of tanks serving both sprinkler and
domestic requirements, the effective capacity for the water reserved for sprinkler draw-off
shall be adequate to supply the design flow and for not less than 10 min [see
Clauses 3.3.2(d) and 3.3.2(e)]. Atmospheric storage tanks shall comply with local council
and water network utility operator’s requirements and the installation requirements of
AS/NZS 3500. Adequate access shall be provided for the internal inspection of the tank.
Pipe connection, valve and indicator requirements shall be in accordance with the
following:
(a) The tank outlet shall be positioned at least 150 mm above the base of the tank.
(b) A tank outlet isolating (full-flow) valve shall be provided and locked in the open
position and labelled in accordance Figure 3.7.2(A). Domestic outlets on tanks,
serving both sprinklers and domestic requirements, shall be labelled in accordance
with Figure 3.7.2(B).
(c) A drain outlet shall be installed at the base of the tank to remove sludge, and be fitted
with a normally closed valve.
(d) A water level indicator shall be installed.

THIS CONNECTION IS RESERVED

FOR SPRINKLER USE

FIGURE 3.7.2(A) TANK OUTLET LABEL—SPRINKLER SUPPLY

THIS CONNECTION IS
FOR DOMESTIC USE

FIGURE 3.7.2(B) TANK OUTLET LABEL—DOMESTIC SUPPLY

3.7.3 Storage tanks—Pressure

Pressure storage tanks [see Figure 3.3.2(E)] shall comply with AS 1210 and have a water
capacity of not less than 1200 L. They may be permanently pressurized or arranged for
pressurization at the time of water demand.
C3.7.3 Pressurization at time of water demand is accomplished by high pressure gas
cylinders equipped with pressure regulators. Guidance on pressure tank arrangement is
provided in AS 2118.1.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 27 AS 2118.5—2008

SECT ION 4 DES IG N A ND HYDRAU L I CS

4.1 GENERAL
A home fire sprinkler system shall comply with the design and hydraulic requirements
specified in this Section.

4.2 DESIGN CRITERIA

4.2.1 Design data
Home sprinkler systems shall be hydraulically designed to provide a flow of at least
50 L/min from each sprinkler. The sprinkler coverage, minimum pressure and flow
requirements for approved home sprinklers (see Clause 4.3.1) shall be in accordance with
the sprinkler approval listing details specified in the manufacturer’s data sheets.
4.2.2 Number of sprinklers in operation
The number of sprinklers assumed to be in simultaneous operation shall be two.
4.2.3 Design flow
The design flow for the sprinkler system shall be not less than 100 L/min (determined by
multiplying the unit sprinkler flow (see Clause 4.2.1) by two)—
(a) plus an additional 12 L/min for possible simultaneous domestic demand from such
appliances as washing machines and dishwashers; or
(b) alternatively, for independent systems only, a priority valve may be installed to shut
off the domestic demand at the time of sprinkler operation.

4.3 SPACING OF SPRINKLERS

4.3.1 General
Positioning of home sprinklers shall comply with the sprinkler approval listing criteria as
specified in the manufacturer’s data sheets.
Home sprinklers shall be spaced in accordance with Table 4.3.1. Where the listed data sheet
values differ from those in Table 4.3.1, the more stringent criteria shall apply. In all other
respects, including sloped ceilings exceeding 1 in 6 (9º), obstructions and the like (see
Clause 4.3.2), the requirements contained in the manufacturer’s listed data sheets shall
apply.

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AS 2118.5—2008 28

TABLE 4.3.1
HOME SPRINKLER DESIGN CRITERIA
(BASED ON HORIZONTAL CEILINGS)
Deflector to
Maximum Maximum
Nominal Maximum Minimum ceiling
K Factor area distance
Sprinkler thread size spacing spacing (minimum to
coverage from wall
type maximum)
(L/min
mm m2 m m m mm
and kPa)
Pendent 7.1 15 24.0 4.9 2.5 2 25 to 100
Flush 7.1 15 24.0 4.9 2.5 2 25 to 100
Concealed 7.1 15 24.0 4.9 2.5 2 N/A
NOTES:
1 For the purpose of this Standard, horizontal ceilings include sloping ceilings with a slope not greater than
1 in 6 (9°).
2 Sprinklers should not be spaced closer than 2 m, except where intervening constructional features provide
a satisfactory baffle or where special baffles are installed in order to prevent the first operating sprinkler
from wetting adjacent sprinklers.
3 The above criteria are designed to assure a minimum discharge density of 2 mm per minute; however,
irrespective of actual area coverage, the minimum pressure specified for the maximum area coverage
selected should not be reduced.

4.3.2 Obstructions to water distribution

Sprinklers shall be located so as to minimize obstructions to the discharge, or additional
sprinklers shall be provided to ensure adequate coverage of the hazard, such as the
following:
(a) Beams and walls.
(b) Columns and trusses.
(c) Suspended or floor-mounted vertical obstructions.
4.3.2.1 Beams and walls
Sprinklers shall be arranged to comply with one of the following arrangements:
(a) Positioned in accordance with Table 4.3.2.1 and Figure 4.3.2.1(A).
(b) Spaced on opposite sides of obstructions not exceeding 1.2 m in width provided the
distance from the centreline of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed one-
half the allowable distance permitted between sprinklers.
(c) Protected in accordance with Figure 4.3.2.1(B) for obstructions located against a wall
that are not over 750 mm in width.

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 29 AS 2118.5—2008

TABLE 4.3.2.1
POSITION OF SPRINKLERS TO AVOID OBSTRUCTIONS
TO DISCHARGE (HOME PENDENT SPRAY SPRINKLERS)
millimetres
Distance from sprinklers to Maximum allowable distance of deflector
side of obstruction (A) above bottom of obstruction (B)
Less than 300 0
300 to less than 350 0
350 to less than 600 25
600 to less than 800 25
800 to less than 900 25
900 to less than 1100 75
1100 to less than 1200 75
1200 to less than 1400 125
1400 to less than 1500 175
1500 to less than 1700 175
1700 to less than 1800 175
1800 to less than 2000 230
2000 to less than 2100 280
2100 and greater 355
NOTE: For (A) and (B), refer to Figure 4.3.2.1(A).

Ceiling

O b str u c ti o n

El evati o n v i ew

FIGURE 4.3.2.1(A) POSITION OF SPRINKLERS TO AVOID OBSTRUCTIONS TO

DISCHARGE—HOME PENDENT SPRAY SPRINKLERS

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AS 2118.5—2008 30

Ceiling

O b str u c ti o n

D A

A (D B) B[ A D 0.2 m B]
Wa l l D 0.8 m

El evati o n v i ew

FIGURE 4.3.2.1(B) OBSTRUCTIONS AGAINST WALLS—

HOME PENDENT SPRAY SPRINKLERS

4.3.2.2 Columns and trusses

Sprinklers shall be positioned away from obstructions a minimum distance of four times the
maximum dimension of the obstruction (e.g., truss webs and chords, pipe, columns, and
fixtures). The maximum clear distance required shall be 900 mm in accordance with
Figure 4.3.2.2.

D
Ceiling

Sprinkler O p e n we b ste e l
o r wo o d tr u s s
C

O b str u c ti o n A

A
C
Wa l l

Pl a n v i ew of c o l u m n El evati o n v i ew of tr u s s

A 4C o r 4D
A 0.91 m
Us e d i m e n s i o n C o r D, w h i c h eve r i s g re ate r
A 900 m

FIGURE 4.3.2.2 MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM OBSTRUCTION—

HOME PENDENT SPRAY SPRINKLERS

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 31 AS 2118.5—2008

Sprinklers shall be permitted to be spaced on opposite sides of the obstruction where the
distance from the centre-line of the obstruction to the sprinklers does not exceed one-half
the allowable distance between sprinklers.
The above requirements do not apply to sprinklers positioned in accordance with
Clause 4.3.2.1.
4.3.2.3 Suspended or floor-mounted vertical obstructions
The distance from sprinklers to privacy curtains, freestanding partitions, room dividers, and
similar obstructions shall be in accordance with Table 4.3.2.3 and Figures 4.3.2.3(A) and
4.3.2.3(B).

TABLE 4.3.2.3
SUSPENDED OR FLOOR-MOUNTED OBSTRUCTIONS
(HOME PENDENT SPRAY SPRINKLERS)
millimetres
Minimum vertical distance
Horizontal distance (A)
below deflector (B)
150 or less 150 or less
More than 150 to 230 More than 150 to 230
More than 230 to 305 More than 230 to 305
More than 305 to 380 More than 305 to 380
More than 380 to 450 More than 380 to 450
More than 450 to 610 More than 450 to 610
More than 610 to 760 More than 610 to 760
More than 760 More than 760
NOTE: For (A) and (B), refer to Figure 4.3.2.3(A).

A C e i l i n g o r ro of

Floor

El evati o n v i ew

FIGURE 4.3.2.3(A) FLOOR-MOUNTED OBSTRUCTIONS—

HOME PENDENT SPRAY SPRINKLERS

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AS 2118.5—2008 32

H
H H G ra p h A
G ra p h A G ra p h A H
G ra p h A

V
V V G ra p h A
G ra p h A G ra p h A V
El evati o n G ra p h A
TO O B ST RUCT IO N, (m m)

0
D I STA N C E ‘ V ’

300

150

0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0
D ISTA NCE ‘H’ TO O B ST RUCT IO N, (m)

G ra p h A

FIGURE 4.3.2.3(B) CEILING SUSPENDED OBSTRUCTIONS—

HOME SPRAY SPRINKLERS

4.3.3 Impact of response time

Sprinklers shall be positioned so that response times are not unduly affected by—
(a) sloped ceilings [see Clause 4.3.3.1 and Figures 4.3.3.1(A) to 4.3.3.1(C)];
(b) heat sources [see Clause 4.3.3.2 and Figures 4.3.3.2(A) to 4.3.3.2(D)]; and
(c) airconditioning diffusers [see Clause 4.3.3.3 and Figures 4.3.3.3(A) and 4.3.3.3(B)].
4.3.3.1 Sloped ceilings
The position of sprinklers in sloped ceilings shall ensure efficient operation [see
Figures 4.3.3.1(A) to 4.3.3.1(C)].

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 33 AS 2118.5—2008

A A
C

D E

Pe n d e nt S p r i n k l e r s
El evati o n
A Ma ximum O n e h a l f th e m a x i m u m s p r i n k l e r s pac i n g
( s e e Ta b l e 4.3.1) fo r th e c ove rag e a re a b e i n g
hyd rau l i c a l l y c a l c u l ate d.
B Ma ximum T h e m a x i m u m s p r i n k l e r s pac i n g
( s e e Ta b l e 4.3.1) fo r th e c ove rag e a re a b e i n g
hyd rau l i c a l l y c a l c u l ate d.
Minimum 250 0 m m
C Ma ximum 900 mm
D Range 10˚ - 6 0˚
E Minimum 10 0 m m
D e n ote s a s p r i n k l e r

FIGURE 4.3.3.1(A) SPRINKLER SPACING UNDER SLOPED CEILINGS—

SYMMETRIC SPRINKLER LOCATIONS ON OPPOSING SLOPES

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AS 2118.5—2008 34

B B

A A

C E E

Pe n d e nt S p r i n k l e r s
El evati o n
A Ma ximum O n e h a l f th e m a x i m u m s p r i n k l e r s pac i n g
fo r th e c ove rag e a re a b e i n g
hyd rau l i c a l l y c a l c u l ate d.
B Maximum U p to o n e h a l f th e m a x i m u m s p r i n k l e r
fo r th e c ove rag e a re a b e i n g
hyd rau l i c a l l y c a l c u l ate d o r a s re str i c te d
by G ra p h A .
C Range 10 ° - 6 0 ° C e i l i n g a n g l e
D Minimum 240 0 m m

3.0

2.7
M A X I M U M PER M I T T ED

U n a c c e pta b l e
D I STA N C E ‘B’, (m)

2.4
H O R I ZO N TA L

2.1

1.8

1.5 Ac c e pta b l e

1.2

0.9
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
CEIL ING A NG L E ‘C’, D EG R EES (°)

G R A PH A

FIGURE 4.3.3.1(B) SPRINKLER SPACING UNDER SLOPED CEILINGS—

PENDENT SPRINKLERS LOCATED AT APEX

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 35 AS 2118.5—2008

C B

A
D

E E

Pe n d e nt S p r i n k l e r s
El evati o n
A Ma ximum O n e h a l f th e m a x i m u m s p r i n k l e r s pac i n g
( s e e Ta b l e 4.3.1) fo r th e c ove rag e a re a b e i n g
hyd rau l i c a l l y c a l c u l ate d
B Ma ximum T h e m a x i m u m s p r i n k l e r s pac i n g
( s e e Ta b l e 4.3.1) fo r th e c ove rag e a re a b e i n g
hyd rau l i c a l l y c a l c u l ate d
Minimum 250 0 m m
C Ma ximum 900 mm
D Range 10˚ - 6 0˚
E Minimum 10 0 m m

FIGURE 4.3.3.1(C) SPRINKLER SPACING UNDER SLOPED CEILINGS—

MULTIPLE SPRINKLERS ON SAME SLOPE AND DISTANCE OFF WALLS

4.3.3.2 Heat sources

4.3.3.2.1 General
To prevent the unwanted operation of home sprinklers caused by exposure to non-fire heat
sources, the following sprinkler temperature ratings shall apply:
(a) Where an ambient ceiling temperature does not exceed 38°C, home sprinklers rated at
57°C–79°C shall be installed.
(b) Where the maximum ceiling temperature is between 38°C and 68°C fast response
sprinklers rated at 79°C–107°C shall be installed.
Sprinklers shall be located outside of the shaded areas as shown in Figures 4.3.3.2(A)
to 4.3.3.2(D) and Figures 4.3.3.3(A) and 4.3.3.3(B).
4.3.3.2.2 Temperature classifications
When installing home sprinklers in proximity to heat sources, such as fire places, kitchen
cooking ranges, water heaters and the like [see Figures 4.3.3.2(A) to 4.3.3.2(D) and
Figures 4.3.3.3(A) and 4.3.3.3(B)], they shall be located so as not to cause unwanted
operation. Clearance distances for the applicable sprinkler temperature ratings shall be in
accordance with Table 4.3.3.2.3(A) and sprinkler temperature classifications in accordance
with Table 4.3.3.2.3(B).
4.3.3.2.3 Positioning of sprinklers under skylights
Sprinklers shall not be located below skylights or in proximity to skylights where they are
likely to be affected by heat caused by the direct rays of the sun.
Sprinklers shall not be installed below materials that readily deform.

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AS 2118.5—2008 36

4.3.3.3 Airconditioning diffusers

When installing home sprinklers in proximity to airconditioning diffusers [see
Figures 4.3.3.3(A), 4.3.3.3(B) and 4.3.3.3(F)], they shall be located so as not to cause
unwanted operation. Clearance distances for the applicable sprinkler temperature ratings
shall be in accordance with Tables 4.3.3.2.3(A) and 4.3.3.2.3(B).

TABLE 4.3.3.2.3(A)
SPRINKLER—CLEARANCE DISTANCES
Temperature rating
No. Location
(°C)
1 Where sprinklers will be exposed to the rays of the sun passing through 79–100
glass or plastic skylights
2 In unventilated attics or in an unventilated, concealed compartment under 79–100
an uninsulated roof, where the maximum ambient temperature does not
exceed 66°C
3 Proximity to exposed light Less than 250 W Within 75 to 150 mm 79–100
fixtures
250 to 499 W Within 150 to 300 mm 57–79
4 Proximity to uninsulated heating duct Within 225 to 450 mm 79–100
450 mm 57–79
5 Proximity to uninsulated hot water pipe Within 150 to 300 mm 79–100
300 mm or more 57–79

TABLE 4.3.3.2.3(B)
SPRINKLER—PROXIMITY TO
HEAT SOURCES
Temperature rating (°C)
Dimension
57–79 79–100
A 1500 900
B 900 300
C 600 300
D 450 225
E 150 75
F 1050 300
G 1050 300
H 1050 300
J 600 300
K 600 300
L 900 450
M 600 300
N 450 225
P 450 225

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 37 AS 2118.5—2008

R C
B t y p.

Pl a n

Fro nt e d g e s
of f i re p l ac e b ox

El evati o n

FIGURE 4.3.3.2(A) PROXIMITY TO HEAT SOURCES—

RECESSED HEARTH FIREPLACE

D t y p. to f l u e s

E (a l l a ro u n d )

E (a l l a ro u n d )
Pl a n

El evati o n

FIGURE 4.3.3.2(B) PROXIMITY TO HEAT SOURCES—

FURNACE OR WATER HEATER

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AS 2118.5—2008 38

R H
B t y p.
Pl a n

Sides
of stove

El evati o n

FIGURE 4.3.3.2(C) PROXIMITY TO HEAT SOURCES—

COAL OR WOOD-BURNING STOVE

R P N t y p. R P N t y p.
t y p. N t y p. t y p. N t y p.

R P N t y p.
t y p. N t y p.

Pl a n

FIGURE 4.3.3.2(D) PROXIMITY TO HEAT SOURCES—

KITCHEN RANGE AND/OR OVEN

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 39 AS 2118.5—2008

R K J t y p.

Pl a n

FIGURE 4.3.3.3(A) PROXIMITY TO HEAT SOURCES—

CEILING–MOUNTED AIR DIFFUSER

M t y p.

Pl a n

FIGURE 4.3.3.3(B) PROXIMITY TO HEAT SOURCES—

WALL–MOUNTED AIR DIFFUSER

4.4 HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS

4.4.1 General
Pipe sizing and the required water supply flow and pressure (hydraulic calculations) shall
be determined either by completing the hydraulic calculation table (see Appendix F) and
using Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(J) and the associated worked examples, or by full hydraulic
calculation in accordance with Section 12 of AS 2118.1.
NOTE: Pipe and fitting pressure loss tables are typical and are provided as examples only.
Manufacturers should be consulted for their actual pressure loss and equivalent lengths.
When determining pipe sizing using the hydraulic calculation tables in Appendix F, and
Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(J), piping layouts shall be treated as follows:
(a) For calculations using gridded piping layouts, the grid shall be treated as a single loop
and calculated in accordance with the worked example, see Figure 4.4.3.1 and
Table 4.4.3.1.
(b) For looped piping layouts refer to the worked example, see Figure 4.4.3.2 and
Table 4.4.3.2.
(c) For branched piping layouts, refer to the worked example, see Figure 4.4.3.3 and
Table 4.4.3.3.
4.4.2 Minimum sprinkler pressure
The minimum residual pressure at the most hydraulically disadvantaged sprinkler, with two
sprinklers operating, shall be 50 kPa. Greater residual pressures are required where the
ceiling slope exceeds 1 in 6 (9°) or sprinkler area coverage is greater than 24 m 2 . In such
cases the requirements contained in the manufacturer’s data sheets shall apply.

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AS 2118.5—2008 40

TABLE 4.4.1(A)
TYPICAL PRESSURE LOSS—PIPES—SS PIPE
C = 150* Friction loss per metre, kPa
Nominal pipe One sprinkler Two sprinklers Two sprinklers and
Actual ID
size operating operating domestic demand
DN mm (50 L/min) (100 L/min) (112 L/min)
20 23.37 0.71 6.18 7.62
25 30.10 0.50 1.80 2.22
32 38.86 0.14 0.52 0.64
* Hazen–Williams values

TABLE 4.4.1(B)
TYPICAL PRESSURE LOSS—TUBES—CU (see Note) TYPE B
C = 150* Friction loss per metre, kPa
Nominal pipe One sprinkler Two sprinklers Two sprinklers and
Actual ID
size operating operating domestic demand
DN mm (50 L/min) (100 L/min) (112 L/min)
20 17.01 8.05 29.00 35.77
25 22.96 1.87 6.73 8.30
32 29.31 0.57 2.05 2.53
* Hazen–Williams values
NOTE: See AS 1432.

TABLE 4.4.1(C)
TYPICAL PRESSURE LOSS—PIPES AND TUBES—PVC-C PIPE
C = 150* Friction loss per metre, kPa
Nominal pipe One sprinkler Two sprinklers Two sprinklers and
Actual ID
size operating operating domestic demand
DN mm (50 L/min) (100 L/min) (112 L/min)
20 22.20 2.20 7.93 9.78
25 28.00 0.71 2.56 3.16
32 35.40 0.23 0.82 1.01
* Hazen–Williams values

TABLE 4.4.1(D)
TYPICAL PRESSURE LOSS—PIPES AND TUBES—PEX PIPE
C = 150* Friction loss per metre, kPa
Nominal pipe One sprinkler Two sprinklers Two sprinklers and
Actual ID
size operating operating domestic demand
DN mm (50 L/min) (100 L/min) (112 L/min)
25 18.60 5.21 18.77 23.15
32 24.00 1.51 5.42 6.69
40 30.00 0.51 1.83 2.26
NOTE: The internal diameter of PEX tubing may vary according to the manufacturer’s
standards and therefore pressure loss values may vary. Consult manufacturer’s data sheets.
* Hazen–Williams values

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 41 AS 2118.5—2008

TABLE 4.4.1(E)
TYPICAL PRESSURE LOSS—PIPES AND TUBES—PB PIPE
C = 150* Friction loss per metre, kPa
Nominal pipe One sprinkler Two sprinklers Two sprinklers and
Actual ID
size operating operating domestic demand
DN mm (50 L/min) (100 L/min) (112 L/min)
22 17.60 6.82 24.57 30.30
28 22.20 2.20 7.93 9.78
40 31.90 0.38 1.36 1.67
NOTE: The internal diameter of PEX tubing may vary according to the manufacturer’s
standards and therefore pressure loss values may vary. Consult manufacturer’s data sheets.
* Hazen–Williams values

TABLE 4.4.1(F)
AUSTRALIAN EQUIVALENT PIPE SIZES
(In accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1)
Nominal pipe size
CU and SS PE and PEX PB
DN
20 20 25 22
25 25 32 28
32 32 50 40

TABLE 4.4.1(G)
TYPICAL FITTING PRESSURE LOSS—
EXPRESSED AS EQUIVALENT METRES OF PIPE
Nominal pipe size Elbow 90° Tee through Tee side
DN SE (TT) (TS)
20 1.13 0.60 1.40
25 1.45 0.87 1.83
32 1.83 1.17 2.35
NOTES:
1 These values do not apply to insert fittings.
2 These equivalent lengths apply to standard fittings; greater lengths
may apply in the case of inset type fittings.

TABLE 4.4.1(H)
TYPICAL EQUIVALENT LENGTH—VALVES
Equivalent length (m)
Nominal pipe
size Dual check
Stop valve Check valve
valve Priority valve
(DN) (SV) (CV) (DuCV)
22 0.45 2.27 4.00 N/A
25 0.45 2.27 4.70 3.10
32 0.45 3.17 6.50 N/A

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AS 2118.5—2008 42

TABLE 4.4.1(I)
TYPICAL PRESSURE LOSS—WATER METER ASSEMBLIES—
WITHOUT BACKFLOW PREVENTION
Pressure loss (two sprinklers Pressure losses (two sprinklers
Nominal pipe size operating 100 L/min) and domestic demand 112 L/min)
DN kPa kPa
SCV SCV
20 120 150
25 45 55
32 35 42

TABLE 4.4.1(J)
STATIC PRESSURE EQUIVALENTS
Height Pressure/metre
(m) (kPa/m)
1.0 10
NOTES:
1 Rounded value from 9.8.
2 Static pressure = height (m) × pressure/metre (kPa/m).

4.4.3 Hydraulic calculation

4.4.3.1 General
Hydraulic calculations shall be determined by reference to Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(J) and
Figures 4.4.3.1 to Figure 4.4.3.3 and shall be completed using Table F1 of Appendix F, as
follows:
(a) A combined system using a gridded layout (see Table 4.4.3.1 and Figure 4.4.3.1).
(b) An independent system using a looped layout (see Table 4.4.3.2 and Figure 4.4.3.2).
(c) An independent system using a branched layout (see Table 4.4.3.3 and
Figure 4.4.3.3).
NOTE: Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(J) include typical worked examples for systems specified in
Clauses 4.4.3.1 to 4.4.3.3. The examples provided do not cover all possible combinations and for
reference only.

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 43 AS 2118.5—2008

4.4.3.2 Combined systems—Gridded layout

Combined systems adopting a gridded layout shall use the following:
(a) Pressure losses in pipes and fittings, equivalent pipe sizes and static pressure
equivalents [see Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(J)].
(b) Hydraulic calculation schedule setting out the appropriate pipe and fitting values to
arrive at the total pressure required (see Table 4.4.3.1).
(c) A typical piping schematic showing pipe nodes (sections), diameters, pipe flow and
operating sprinklers (see Figure 4.4.3.1).
NOTES:
1 Refer to Figure 4.4.3.1.
2 Material—Copper Type B – Use Tables 4.4.1(B) and 4.4.1(G).
3 Pipe 1—Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 45.2 m – (E) 6 × 1.45 m = 8.70 m – (TS) 2 × 1.83 m =
9.08 m – Static pressure gain 3.5 m = +35 kPa.
4 Pipe 2—Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 6.3 m – (E) 4 × 1.45 m = 5.80 m – (TS) 1 × 1.83 m =
1.83 m DuCV 1 × 4.70 m = 4.70 m (SVU) 2 × 0.45 = 0.90 m – Static pressure loss = 0 kPa.
5 DN 25 water meter assembly at a flow of 112 L/min – Inferential type (SCV) = 55 kPa.

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AS 2118.5—2008 44

TABLE 4.4.3.1
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION SCHEDULE—COMBINED SYSTEMS—
GRIDDED LAYOUT
Equivalent length fittings
Flow Friction Loop Static
Pipe Size Pipe and valves (1) m through loss per
Friction
(3) reduction pressure
Pressure
No. DN length (2) loss (4) required
Elbows Tees Valves Total pipe metre factor × 0.14 loss/gain

m m m m m L/min kPa/m kPa kPa kPa

1 25 45.2 8.70 9.08 — 62.98 112 8.30 522.73 0.14 +35 108.18
2 25 6.3 5.80 1.83 5.6 19.53 112 8.30 162.01 — 0 162.01
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PRESSURE AVAILABLE 395 kPa AT REQUIRED FLOW Water meter assembly loss (5) 55
112 L/min (7) (6)
Sprinkler residual pressure required 50
TOTAL PRESSURE REQUIRED (kPa) 375.19
(8)
PRESSURE LESS THAN AVAILABLE YES/NO?

NOTES:
1 See Tables 4.4.1(F) to 4.4.1(H).
2 See Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(E) using one or two sprinkler values plus 12 L/min domestic demand as appropriate.
3 Multiply total (m) by friction loss per meter (kPa/m).
4 See Table 4.4.1(J).
5 See Table 4.4.1(I).
6 See Clause 4.4.2.
7 See Clause 3.4.
8 If YES = acceptable. If NO = unacceptable.
9 The examples provided do not cover all possible combinations and are for reference only.

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 45 AS 2118.5—2008

NOTES:
1 Numerals 1 to 5 represent nodes.
2 All pipework is DN 25.
3 Refer to Figure 2.5.2(B) for plan layout and legend.
4 Thickened pipeline shows pipe to be calculated.
5 Pipe 1 is the longest loop around the grid from nodes 1 to 2, to 2 to 3 and return to 1. This pipe will flow
two sprinklers (100 L/min) plus domestic demand (12 L/min) a total of 112 L/min.
6 Pipe 2 is from Nodes 4 to 5 and will flow 112 L/min.
7 Flow/pressure available at water main provided by relevant network utility operator (112 L/min at
395 kPa).
8 Refer to Table 4.4.3.1 for the calculation.

FIGURE 4.4.3.1 TYPICAL PIPING SCHEMATIC—COMBINED SYSTEMS

GRIDDED LAYOUT

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AS 2118.5—2008 46

4.4.3.3 Independent systems—Looped layout

Independent systems adopting a looped layout shall use the following:
(a) A combined system using a gridded layout, [Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(J)].
(b) Hydraulic calculation schedule setting out the appropriate pipe and fitting values to
arrive at the total pressure required (see Table 4.4.3.2).
(c) A typical piping schematic showing pipe nodes (sections), diameters, pipe flow and
operating sprinklers (see Figure 4.4.3.2).
NOTES:
1 Refer to Figure 4.4.3.2.
2 Material—Nodes 1 to 5 PVC-C – Use Tables 4.4.1(C) and 4.4.1(G) Nodes 5 to 6 Copper
Type B – Use Tables 4.4.1(B) and 4.4.1(G).
3 Pipe 1—Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 1.3 m – Static pressure loss = 0 kPa.
4 Pipe 2—Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 3.2 m – (E) 1 × 1.45 m = 1.45 m – (TS) 1 × 1.83 m =
1.83 m – Static pressure loss = 0kPa.
5 Pipe 3—Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 45.2 m – (E) 7 × 1.45 m = 10.15 m – (TS) 1 × 1.83 m
= 1.83 m – Static pressure gain 3.5 m = +35 kPa.
6 Pipe 4—Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 3 m – (E) 2 × 1.45 m = 2.90 m – (TT) 1 × 0.31 m =
0.31 m – (DuCV) 1 × 4.00 m = 4.00 m – Static pressure loss 0.6 m = −6kPa.
7 Flow at Node 6 required to be 112 L/min to allow for domestic demand of 12 L/min – no
priority valve fitted.

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 47 AS 2118.5—2008

TABLE 4.4.3.2
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION SCHEDULE—
INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS LOOPED LAYOUT
Equivalent length fittings
Flow Friction Loop Static
Pipe Size Pipe and valves (1)m through loss per
Friction
(3) reduction pressure
Pressure
No. DN length (2) loss (4) required
Elbows Tees Valves Total pipe metre factor × 0.14 loss/gain

m m m m m L/min kPa/m kPa kPa kPa

1 25 1.3 — — — 1.3 50 0.71 0.92 — — 0.92
2 25 3.2 1.45 1.83 — 6.48 100 2.56 16.59 — — 16.59
3 25 45.2 10.15 1.83 — 57.18 100 2.56 146.38 0.14 +35 55.49
4 25 3 2.90 −0.31 4 10.21 100 6.73 68.71 — −6 62.71
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PRESSURE AVAILABLE 225 kPa AT REQUIRED FLOW Water meter assembly loss (5) —
112 L/min (7) (6)
Sprinkler residual pressure required 50
TOTAL PRESSURE REQUIRED (kPa) 185.71
(8)
PRESSURE LESS THAN AVAILABLE YES/NO?

NOTES:
1 See Tables 4.4.1(F) to 4.4.1(H).
2 See Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(E) using one or two sprinkler values plus 12 L/min domestic demand as appropriate.
3 Multiply total (m) by friction loss per meter (kPa/m).
4 See Table 4.4.1(J).
5 See Table 4.4.1(I).
6 See Clause 4.4.2.
7 See Clause 3.4.
8 If YES = acceptable. If NO = unacceptable.
9 The examples provided do not cover all possible combinations and are for reference only.

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AS 2118.5—2008 48

NOTES:
1 Numerals 1 to 6 represent nodes.
2 All pipework is DN 25.
3 Refer to Figure 2.5.2(C) for plan layout and legend.
4 Thickened pipe line shows pipe to be calculated.
5 Pipe 1 is from Nodes 1 to 2 and will flow one sprinkler 50 L/min.
6 Pipe 2 is from Nodes 2 to 3 and will flow two sprinklers 100 L/min.
7 Pipe 3 is the loop from Nodes 3 to 4 and 5 and return to 3. This pipe will flow two sprinklers 100 L/min.
8 Pipe 4 is from Node 5 to 6 and will flow 100 L/min.
9 Node 6 is the point the flow/pressure test was conducted (112 L/min at 225 kPa).
10 From Node 6 to the water main will flow 100 L/min plus domestic demand (12 L/min) a total of 112 L/min
(losses accounted for by flow test)—no priority valve fitted.
11 Refer to Table 4.4.3.2 for the calculation.

FIGURE 4.4.3.2 TYPICAL PIPING SCHEMATIC—

INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS—LOOPED LAYOUT

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 49 AS 2118.5—2008

4.4.3.4 Independent systems—Branched layout

Independent systems adopting a branched layout shall use the following:
(a) A combined system using a gridded layout [Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(J)].
(b) Hydraulic calculation schedule setting out the appropriate pipe and fitting values to
arrive at the total pressure required (see Table 4.4.3.3).
(c) A typical piping schematic showing pipe nodes (sections), diameters, pipe flow and
operating sprinklers (see Figure 4.4.3.3).
NOTES:
1 Refer to Figure 4.4.3.3.
2 Material – Nodes 1 to 5 SS – Use Tables 4.4.1(A) and 4.4.1(G) – Nodes 5 to 7 Copper Type
B – Use Tables 4.4.1(B) and 4.4.1(G).
3 Pipe 1 – Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 4.22 m – (TS) 1 × 1.83 m = 1.83 m – Static pressure
loss = 0 kPa.
4 Pipe 2 – Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 7.9 m – (TS) 1 × 1.83 m = 1.83 m – Static pressure
loss = 0 kPa.
5 Pipe 3 – Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 7.7 m – (E) 3 × 1.45 m = 4.35 m – Static pressure gain
3.5 m = +35 kPa.
6 Pipe 4 – Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 1.9 m – (E) 1 × 1.45 m = 1.45 m – (DuCV) 1 × 4.70 m
= 4.70 m – (Priority valve) 1 × 3.1 m = 3.1 m – Static pressure loss 0.6 m = −6 kPa.
7 Pipe 5 – Diameter = DN 25 – Length = 3.7 m – (E) 2 × 1.45 m = 2.90 m – (TS) 1 × 1.83 m =
1.83 m – (SVU) 2 × 0.45 m = 0.9 m – Static pressure gain 0.6 m = +6 kPa.
8 DN 25 dia water meter assembly at a flow of 100 L/min – Inferential type = 50 kPa.

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AS 2118.5—2008 50

TABLE 4.4.3.3
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION SCHEDULE—
INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS BRANCHED LAYOUT
Equivalent length fittings
Flow Friction Loop Static
Pipe Size Pipe and valves (1)m through loss per
Friction
(3) reduction pressure
Pressure
No. length (2) loss (4) required
Elbows Tees Valves Total pipe metre factor × 0.14 loss/gain

DN m m m m m L/min kPa/m kPa kPa kPa

1 25 4.22 — 1.83 — 6.05 50 0.50 3.03 — — 3.03
2 25 7.9 — 1.83 — 9.73 100 1.80 17.51 — — 17.51
3 25 7.7 1.45 — — 9.15 100 1.80 16.47 — +35 51.47
4 25 1.9 1.45 — 7.8 11.15 100 6.73 75.04 — −6 69.04
5 25 3.7 2.90 1.83 0.9 9.33 100 6.73 62.79 — +6 68.79
6
7 `
8
9
10
11
12
PRESSURE AVAILABLE 455 kPa AT REQUIRED FLOW Water meter assembly loss (5) 50
112 L/min (7) (6)
Sprinkler residual pressure required 50
TOTAL PRESSURE REQUIRED (kPa) 309.84
(8)
PRESSURE LESS THAN AVAILABLE YES/NO?

NOTES:
1 See Tables 4.4.1(F) to 4.4.1(H).
2 See Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(E) using one or two sprinkler values plus 12 L/min domestic demand as appropriate.
3 Multiply total (m) by friction loss per meter (kPa/m).
4 See Table 4.4.1(J).
5 See Table 4.4.1(I).
6 See Clause 4.4.2.
7 See Clause 3.4.
8 If YES = acceptable. If NO = unacceptable.
9 The examples provided do not cover all possible combinations and are for reference only.

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 51 AS 2118.5—2008

NOTES:
1 Numerals 1 to 7 represent nodes.
2 All pipework is DN 25.
3 Refer to Figure 2.5.2(D) for plan layout and legend.
4 Thickened pipe line shows pipe to be calculated.
5 Pipe 1 is the most remote sprinkler from nodes 1 to 3 and will provide a flow of 50 L/min to one sprinkler.
The last remote sprinkler pipe can be ignored.
6 Pipe 2 is from Nodes 3 to 4 and will provide a flow of 100 L/min to two sprinklers.
7 Pipe 3 is from Nodes 4 to 5 and will provide a flow of 100 L/min.
8 Pipe 4 is from Nodes 5 to 6 and will provide a flow of 100 L/min.
9 Pipe 5 is from Nodes 6 to 7 and will provide a flow of 100 L/min. No domestic demand is added as there is
a priority valve installed.
10 Flow/pressure available at water main provided by the relevant network utility operator (100 L/min at
455 kPa).
11 Refer to Table 4.4.3.3 for the calculation.

FIGURE 4.4.3.3 TYPICAL PIPING SCHEMATIC—

INDEPENDENT SYSTEMS BRANCHED LAYOUT

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AS 2118.5—2008 52

SECT ION 5 COMPONENTS

5.1 GENERAL
A home fire sprinkler system shall consist of the following main components:
(a) Pipes and fittings.
(b) Valves.
(c) Water meter assembly (or recycled water storage tank).
(d) Sprinklers.
(e) A pump, if required (see Clause 3.6).
(f) Smoke alarms (see Clause 2.3).
Only new components and materials shall be used in the installation of sprinkler systems.
Components shall be installed in accordance with their listed approvals.

5.2 PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS

All pipes and fittings shall comply with the requirements of Clauses 5.2.1.1 to 5.2.1.3.
5.2.1 General
5.2.1.1 Combined piping systems
Pipe and pipe fittings used in combined sprinkler installations, other than branches to
plumbing fixtures or appliances, shall be not less than DN 20, and shall be installed to the
requirements of AS/NZS 3500.1.
All pipes and fittings used in a combined sprinkler installations shall bear WaterMark
approval for sprinklers (see ATS 5200.486).
5.2.1.2 Independent piping systems
Pipe and fittings used in independent sprinkler systems shall comply with the requirements
of AS 4118.2.1.
Listed PVC-C pipe and pipe fittings may also be used for independent systems. Pipes and
fittings shall have a working pressure of at least 1.2 MPa at 20ºC.
5.2.1.3 Pipe protection
Underground piping shall be installed in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.1.
5.2.2 Protection against fire
Piping shall be either plastics piping listed for fire protection purposes or made from metal.
Plastics piping shall be protected behind a wall or ceiling lining of 9.5 mm plasterboard,
12 mm plywood or a suspended ceiling or tiles having a mass not less than 1.7 kg/m 2 ,
installed in metal suspension grids or other material providing equivalent protection.
NOTE: An acceptable test for assessing equivalent protection against fire is set out in
Appendix G.
5.2.3 Pipe identification
5.2.3.1 Combined systems
Piping for combined sprinkler systems connected to non-drinking water supplies shall be
identified with pipe markers bearing the words ‘SPRINKLER SYSTEM—NON-DRINKING
WATER’ with letters of a minimum height of 5 mm located at not more than 1 m intervals.

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 53 AS 2118.5—2008

5.2.3.2 Independent systems

Piping for independent sprinkler systems shall be identified with pipe markers bearing the
words ‘ SPRINKLER SYSTEM’ with letters of a minimum height of 5 mm located at not
more than 1 metre intervals.
5.2.4 Pipe supports
Pipe supports shall be spaced in accordance with AS/NZS 3500 and located within 300 mm
each side of sprinklers.
5.2.5 Pipe in-line devices
Sprinkler system performance shall not be impeded by equipment (added to the system) that
affects pressure and/or flow (e.g., pressure-reducing devices).
NOTE: Where water treatment and filtration equipment are installed, an automatic flow sensing
bypass, directing all water to the system, should be installed in the supply piping.

5.3 VALVES
5.3.1 General
All valves used in combined and independent sprinkler installations shall comply with the
requirements of the National Plumbing Products Certification Scheme, AS 5200, and shall
be installed to the requirements of AS/NZS 3500.1. All valves and fittings used in
combined sprinkler installations shall bear WaterMark approval (see ATS 5200.486).
5.3.2 Backflow protection
Backflow prevention for combined or independent systems shall be in accordance with
AS/NZS 3500.1 and local network utility operator’s requirements [see Figures 3.3.1(A)
to 3.3.2(E)].
5.3.3 Domestic service isolating valve (independent systems)
An isolating valve (full-flow) shall be installed in the domestic service to permit isolation
of the service without interruption of the water supply to the independent sprinkler
installation [see Figures 3.3.2(A) and 3.3.2(B)].
NOTE: In the case of independent systems, a listed automatic priority valve, bearing the
WaterMark, may be installed at the branch to the sprinkler system to shut off the domestic water
supply and maintain the design pressure required for the sprinkler system.
5.3.4 Remote test valve and test assembly
A normally closed valve (full-flow) i.e., ball valve, capable of discharging 112 L/min, shall
be located externally at the most hydraulically disadvantaged point from the piping grid,
and arranged to accept the test assembly illustrated in Figure 5.3.4(A). The test assembly
(which is not permanently installed) shall incorporate a pressure gauge and dual outlets
simulating two home sprinklers. The valve shall be labelled ‘SPRINKLER TEST POINT:
L/min at kPa’ [see Figure 5.3.4(B)].

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AS 2118.5—2008 54

Po r ta b l e
te st
assembly

R e m ote
te st va l ve

FIGURE 5.3.4(A) SPRINKLER WATER SUPPLY TEST ASSEMBLY

Sprinkler Test Point

(Annual Flow test)

… L/min at … kPa

FIGURE 5.3.4(B) REMOTE TEST VALVE LABEL

5.4 WATER METER ASSEMBLY

5.4.1 General
Where home sprinkler systems are supplied through a metered service, a meter assembly, in
accordance with the requirements of the network utility operator, shall be installed.
5.4.2 Meter valve tag(s)
All tags shall be of durable metal or plastic. Meter valves controlling the supply of water to
the sprinkler system shall indicate the direction of closing and shall have the warning tag
illustrated in Figure 5.4.2(A) affixed thereto.
Where a pumpset is installed, the additional warning tag illustrated in Figure 5.4.2(B) shall
be affixed to the tap.

WARNING

FIRE SPRINKLER SUPPLY—

CLOSURE WILL ISOLATE
SPRINKLER PROTECTION

FIGURE 5.4.2(A) WARNING TAG—SPRINKLER CONNECTION

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 55 AS 2118.5—2008

WARNING

FIRE SPRINKLER PUMP INSTALLED

SWITCH PUMP OFF
BEFORE CLOSING THIS TAP

FIGURE 5.4.2(B) WARNING TAG—PUMP INSTALLED

5.5 SPRINKLERS
5.5.1 General
Home sprinklers (see Clause 1.5.2) shall be—
(a) listed residential type with WaterMark approval (see ATS 5200.486);
(b) be of the concealed, flush or pendent type; and
(c) have a K factor of 7.1 (litres/min and kilopascals).
See Figure 5.5(A) to 5.5(C) for illustrations of typical home sprinklers.
NOTE: Residential sprinklers having a K factor other than 7.1 may be incorporated in a home
sprinkler system design subject to layout by a sprinkler systems designer, compliance with the
applicable data sheets and full hydraulic calculation.
5.5.2 Spare sprinklers and spanner
Two spare sprinklers of each type used in the systems shall be installed in a permanent
bracket or labelled spares box-mounted in a safe and secure location. When replacing
sprinklers, the same type of sprinkler or one of the same design criteria shall be used.
Sprinkler spanners shall be supplied and located with the spare sprinklers.
NOTE: The purpose of spare sprinklers is to permit rapid reinstatement of the system. Sprinklers
are not interchangeable with sprinklers of different performance characteristics. Special purpose
spanners are needed for the replacement of the sprinklers.
5.5.3 Painting of sprinklers
Sprinklers shall not be painted.
NOTE: Painting of sprinklers may delay response or otherwise impede performance.

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AS 2118.5—2008 56

Characteristics:

Fast response

K factor: 7.1 (L/m kPa)

Thread size: 15 mm

(a) Concealed pendent home sprinkler

Characteristics:

Fast response

K Factor: 7.1 (L/m kPa)

Thread size: 15 mm

(b) Flush pendent home sprinkler

Characteristics:

Fast response

K factor: 7.1 (L/m kPa)

Thread size: 15 mm

(c) Pendent and recessed pendent home sprinkler

FIGURE 5.5(A) TYPICAL HOME SPRINKLERS

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 57 AS 2118.5—2008

11.1 Esc u tc h e o n
Nominal 12 p l ate s e ati n g
L EG EN D : m a ke -i n NPT s u r fa c e

2
1 = Fra m e
2 = T h re ad
3 = Sealing assembly
4 = El e c ti o n s p r i n g
5 = C o m p re s s i o n s c rew 3
6 = D ef l e c to r * 4
7 1
7 = Bulb 5

* Te m p e ratu re 6
r a ti n g i s i n d i c ate d
o n D ef l e c to r C ro s s s e c ti o n Pe n d e nt

Wrench
flats Recessed
escutcheon

R e c e s s e d p e n d e nt

FIGURE 5.5(B) TYPICAL PENDENT HOME SPRINKLER

SHOWING MAJOR ELEMENTS

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AS 2118.5—2008 58

Body
(12 m m N P T ) Sealing
assembly

Ca p Sprinkler
w re n c h i n g
Saddle a re a
C o m p re s s i o n
Support s c rew
c u p w i th
ro l l fo r m e d Leve r
th re ad s
Guide
arm Solder link
Guide arm e l e m e nt
f ra m e

D ef l e c to r
D ef l e c to r
( o p e rate d
S p r i n k l e r/s u p p o r t c u p p o s i ti o n )
assembly
T h re ad i nto
support cup R et a i n e r
u nti l m o u nti n g w i th th re ad
s u r fa c e i s dimples
f l u s h w i th
ceiling Ej e c ti o n
spring

Solder C ove r p l ate /reta i n e r C ove r

tabs ( 3 ) assembly p l ate

FIGURE 5.5(C) TYPICAL CONCEALED PENDENT HOME SPRINKLER

SHOWING MAJOR ELEMENTS

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 59 AS 2118.5—2008

SECT ION 6 COMM ISS I ON I NG

The installer shall perform the following commissioning tests prior to issuing a completion
certificate:
(a) Completely flush all supply piping before connection is made to the sprinkler piping.
(b) Test system piping hydrostatically at a pressure of 1500 kPa for not less than 30 min.
(c) Rectify the cause of any drop in gauge pressure or visual evidence of leakage.
(d) Confirm the water supply flow and pressure meets the design requirements. Conduct a
verification flow test utilizing the test method outlined in Appendix E at the remote
test valve (see Clause 5.3.4).
(e) Ensure proper functioning of all components critical to the correct operation of the
sprinkler system.
(f) Include pumps and automatic alarms where installed.
(g) Complete system pressure and flow characteristics in Paragraph H7 of the Home
Sprinklers Owner’s Guide Appendix C.
(h) Provide a copy of the Home Sprinklers Owner’s Guide to the owner (or occupier)
upon commissioning of the system in accordance with Appendix C.
(i) Confirm all system labels and tags required by this Standard are installed and legible.
NOTES:
1 An example of a completion certification is shown in Appendix H.
2 For typical water supply and pressure flow information, see Appendix C.

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AS 2118.5—2008 60

APPENDIX A
OPTIONAL ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
(Informative)

A1 SCOPE
This Appendix provides additional protection or reliability, which may be included to
enhance the sprinkler system.

A2 UNPROTECTED AREAS
Protection of unprotected areas are listed as exclusions in Clause 2.2. Such areas include,
but are not limited to—
(a) concealed ceiling spaces;
(b) cupboards and wardrobes;
(c) under floor spaces where accessible for storage;
(d) toilets and bathrooms; and
(e) detached or fire-separated garages/buildings.

A3 ROOF SPACES
Where sprinklers are installed in roof spaces, they should be installed as follows:
(a) Located as close as practicable to the underside of roof cladding but with the
deflectors not closer than 25 mm.
(b) Positioned so that the discharge is not obstructed by the roof structure or other items.
(c) Located in accordance with the requirements of Table 4.3.1.
(d) Under sloping ceilings or roofs (the spacing measurements should be taken
horizontally).
(e) On sloping ceilings where both slopes are steeper than 1 in 3, a line of sprinklers to
be fixed at the apex unless there is a row of sprinklers not more than 750 mm distant
radially therefrom. The valley at the intersection of the projection of such roof slopes
should be the line of a wall for the purpose of Clause 4.3.3.1. A sloping ceiling
steeper than 1 in 3 intersecting a wall should be treated in an identical manner.

A4 ALARMS
A water flow alarm device should be provided, or the sprinkler system should be connected
to a security system.
NOTE: At the time of preparation of this Standard, a water flow device was not possible for
combined systems.

A5 WATER SUPPLIES
Enhanced water supplies, including an increase in minimum water storage volumes, should
be provided. The system should be independent from any electrical supply.

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A6 PRIORITY DEMAND VALVE

A priority demand valve should be installed at the connection of an independent system to
the water supply to improve the reliability of the water supply by isolating domestic water
usage in the event of a fire.

A7 PRESSURE GAUGE
An optional pressure gauge, which will provide a 24 h reading of the water pressure, may
be fitted (see Paragraph C7, Appendix C).

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AS 2118.5—2008 62

APPENDIX B
CONSUMER INFORMATION
(Informative)

This Appendix lists some of the common MYTHS about home fire sprinkler systems. The
FACTS are aimed to provide an understanding and appreciation of home fire sprinkler
systems together with their many benefits.

HOME FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM MYTHS AND FACTS

MYTH: Fire sprinklers are designed to protect property, not save lives
FACT: Residential fire sprinklers are classified as ‘life-safety’ devices. In the United
States, during the first 15 years after passing the first home fire sprinkler ordinance, the city
of Scottsdale, Arizona, experienced no deaths in home fires where sprinklers were installed;
however, 13 deaths occurred in home fires where there were no sprinklers. Statistically,
home fire sprinkler systems limit property damage as well.
MYTH: Fire sprinklers could ruin my house if they go off accidentally
FACT: The chances that a sprinkler will accidentally discharge due to a manufacturing
defect are extremely rare: 1 in 16 million. Overall, sprinkler accidents are generally less
likely and less severe than accidents involving home plumbing systems.
MYTH: When a fire occurs, every sprinkler in the house will activate
FACT: By design, only the sprinkler closest to the fire will activate. Contrary to
Hollywood movie scenes, all the sprinklers in a sprinkler system do not activate at once.
When a fire sprinkler system activates, only the sprinkler that is closest to the fire
discharges—and in 90% of the cases, one sprinkler is sufficient to suppress a fire.
MYTH: A little fire or smoke damage is better than to have my whole house ruined by
water damage if the sprinklers go off
FACT: A home fire sprinkler uses only 50–100 L of water per minute and operates early in
a fire. A hose used by a firefighter flows about 10 times that amount, 500 L a minute. If
sprinklers are not present, fires can burn for an additional 5–15 minutes until the fire
brigade arrive. Two things happen to cause more damage than sprinklers. First, more of
your possessions have been exposed to fire and smoke before the fire brigade intervene, and
when the brigade attempt to suppress the fire, you have 10 times more water being applied
to what possessions are remaining.
MYTH: Fire sprinklers are needed in a hotel or office building, but not in my home
FACT: Actually, you are at a much greater risk of being injured or killed in a home fire
than in a hotel fire. In fact, on average, in the United States, 80% of all fire deaths occur
where most people feel the safest—in their own home.
MYTH: Installing smoke alarm(s) in my house should be enough to protect my home
FACT: Smoke alarms are excellent at detecting smoke and alerting homeowners, and they
should be installed in every home. But they are limited in their fire safety effectiveness as
they provide only a warning of a potential fire; what they cannot do is suppress a fire.
That’s where sprinkler systems excel; they immediately and effectively suppress a fire in its
early stages, before it can become larger and more dangerous.

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 63 AS 2118.5—2008

MYTH: Small things like burning a piece of toast could trigger my sprinkler system
and ruin my home
FACT: Fire sprinklers are activated by high temperatures, not by smoke. Only a threatening
fire can generate enough heat to operate a sprinkler. Residential sprinklers are designed to
prevent flashover (full room involvement) to allow occupants to evacuate. Burning toast
and smoking cigarettes will not trigger a fire sprinkler; only the smoke detector will.
MYTH: Fire sprinklers won’t look nice in my beautiful home
FACT: Actually, most fire sprinklers are so small and unobtrusive, that you won’t notice
them unless you are looking hard for them. Home Sprinklers come in a wide range of
colours and styles, ensuring that they will blend aesthetically with any home decor.
MYTH: Fire sprinklers are expensive
FACT: The cost of installing a fire sprinkler system can be around $1000 to $1500 and is
roughly 0.5% to 1.5% of the total cost of building a new home. For less than the cost of
other popular new home upgrades, a potentially life-saving sprinkler system can offer
peace-of-mind and protect your family for many years to come.

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AS 2118.5—2008 64

APPENDIX C
HOME SPRINKLERS—OWNER’S GUIDE TO FUNCTIONS AND BENEFITS
(Informative)

NOTE: Information contained in this Appendix is intended for home owners and occupiers to
gain an appreciation of the functions and benefits of an automatic fire sprinkler system. A copy of
this Owner’s Guide should be provided by the installer and discussed with the owner (or
occupier).

C1 GENERAL
C1.1 Home fire sprinkler systems are designed to:
(a) Activate quickly once the operating temperature (57ºC–79ºC) is reached.
(b) Discharge water only from the sprinkler that is activated by the fire.
(c) Discharge water at a rate of 50 L to 100 L per minute when activated.
(d) Prevent fire within the home becoming a threat to life.
(e) Allow you and other occupants of your home to escape from the fire.
(f) In the case of combined systems, uses the same water for fire suppression that comes
into the home for normal living use.
(g) Automatically extinguish or control a fire within a sprinkler–protected room.
C1.2 Home fire sprinkler systems are not designed to:
(a) Provide early warning to the occupants by means of a water flow alarm (in some
cases, it will be possible to provide such an alarm, which may be linked into a home
security system). For this reason, smoke alarms are an integral part of the total life
safety system within the home.
(b) Automatically notify the fire service.
(c) In the case of combined systems, be shut off or shut down separately from the normal
domestic water supply.
(d) Automatically shut the sprinkler water flow off after activation.
(e) Fully control or extinguish a fire—
(i) which originates in an non-sprinkler protected area before spreading to a
sprinkler protected are;
(ii) where combustible material is not the amount or type of material normally
found in a home;
(iii) where unauthorized changes have been made to the plumbing system after
installation; or
(iv) when the fire starts under an obstruction such as a desk or work bench.

C2 SPRINKLER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

C2.1 Smoke alarms
Smoke alarms form an integral and necessary part of the whole life safety system although
they are not connected in any way to the sprinkler system.

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 65 AS 2118.5—2008

With hard-wired smoke alarms, a registered electrician should carry out any required
electrical wiring work.
If the smoke alarms use batteries, it is recommended that they be changed on ‘daylight
saving’ changeover days (e.g., ‘change your clock; change your smoke alarm battery’).
C2.2 Water supply
The domestic water supply is used for both domestic use and for fire suppression when
required. The home fire sprinkler system is designed to ensure that the amount of water
required to control the fire is available at the most remote sprinklers. It is also operationally
tested and certified as meeting all design specification requirements.
If the water supply is shut off, the sprinkler system will not function. The sprinkler system
may also not function if a water meter, backflow prevention device, water purifier, or any
other restrictive device is added to the water supply connection. If such devices are
installed, it is recommended that you contact your installer to see if any changes are
required to your sprinkler system to allow it to function correctly.
C2.3 Water supply shut-off valve
The water supply shut-off valve outside your house will shut off water to your home. It will
also shut down the sprinkler system.
C2.4 Domestic water-isolating valve
A domestic water-isolating valve may be fitted. This will shut down the domestic water
supply but leave the sprinkler system still operational. A water–isolating valve is used when
changing tap washers, etc.
C2.5 Sprinkler system pressure gauge
A pressure gauge may be fitted, which will provide a 24 h reading of the water pressure.
The minimum pressure required to operate the sprinkler system will be marked on the gauge
so that the householder can always check to ensure the system is supplied with the correct
water pressure.
C2.6 Sprinkler system pipework
The sprinkler system pipework may be run off the normal domestic water piping to supply
the sprinklers. These pipes are the same types of pipes that supply water to the bathroom,
laundry and kitchen areas. All pipework is normally full with water at all times.
C2.7 ‘Home’ sprinkler
Home sprinklers have a high trajectory to ensure coverage of walls and floors that may be
constructed of, or covered with, combustible materials, as opposed to a conventional
‘umbrella’ pattern given by sprinklers used for commercial applications.
The fire sprinklers fitted in your home are ‘quick response’ sprinklers. These are small,
high-sensitivity devices activated by heat that either melts a specialized solder link or
shatters a small, liquid-filled bulb. ‘Quick response’ means that the sprinkler is fitted with a
‘fast response’ element and must operate within 75 s under test conditions when the preset
temperature is reached.
C2.8 Areas not covered by the sprinkler system
The following areas have been assessed as not requiring sprinkler coverage:
(a) Unattached garages (unless used for sleeping).
(b) Toilets and bathrooms.
(c) Wardrobes.
(d) Subfloor area.
(e) Ceiling void.
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AS 2118.5—2008 66

The decision on whether or not to install sprinklers in these areas is made on the risk
assessment, which considers the likelihood of a fire in this type of space based on past fire
statistics, actual intended use of the space in question and floor area of the actual space
itself. This does not mean that sprinklers cannot be fitted, if required, which will provide
additional fire protection.

C3 MODIFICATIONS TO PLUMBING SYSTEM AFTER INSTALLATION

Any system extension, modification or alteration to the domestic plumbing should be
carried out by a qualified installer who is responsible for ensuring that the sprinkler system
remains fully functional.

C4 RECOMMENDED DAY-TO-DAY PRACTICES

The following are recommended:
(a) Familiarize yourself with the location and application of water supply shut-off valves
and the remote test valve.
(b) Discuss the evacuation plan with all the occupants of your home in case of fire.
(c) Inspect the sprinklers on a regular basis for obstructions, paint or mechanical damage.
If sprinklers are mechanically damaged or painted, they must be replaced. Pay careful
attention to the sprinkler bulb. It will normally be fitted with a red, yellow or orange
liquid, and contain a small air bubble, around the size of the head of a pin. If the bulb
is empty, or the bubble is appreciably bigger than this, the sprinkler has been
damaged and will not work. Some sprinklers are concealed behind cover plates so the
bulb can not be seen.
(d) Record any maintenance, servicing or modification to your sprinkler system on the
back page of this guide.
(e) Do not do anything to your sprinkler system that will hinder its performance, such as
painting any part of the assembly or hanging objects from the sprinkler or cover plate,
if fitted, as the sprinkler discharge pattern is critical for proper fire protection. If any
painting is being carried out adjacent to a sprinkler, the sprinkler should be covered
with a small paper bag and/or carefully masked off to prevent paint splatter or spray
drift onto the sprinkler. The protective covering should be removed as soon as
painting is completed in the compartment.
NOTE: Sprinklers are delicate devices. Please be careful not to knock or damage the bulbs, to
ensure that the sprinklers do not activate accidentally.
(f) Check and clean smoke alarms every month as per the manufacturer’s instructions.
(g) The sprinklers fitted in your home will require testing by a qualified installer every
20 years. Other maintenance may be required only when a sprinkler has either been
mechanically damaged or following activation and/or exposure to fire.
(h) Test the sprinkler system on a monthly and an annual basis (see Appendix D).

C5 IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE

In the event of a fire:
(a) Ensure that all occupants are alerted, have exited the house and remain outside.
(b) While exiting, close the door to the room where the fire is located.
(c) Phone 000 and ask for the Fire Service. Give your address, nearest cross street and
any other information required.

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 67 AS 2118.5—2008

(d) The water supply should not be turned off until it is confirmed that the fire is
completely out.
(e) Sprinklers that have operated in a fire cannot be re-assembled and must be replaced.
Check with the installer for minimum replacement requirements.

C6 SPRINKLER OPERATION UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS

During fire conditions, the temperature around a sprinkler will approach the operating
temperature as hot gases rise to the ceiling. At this critical point, with concealed type
sprinkler models, a cover plate will detach and fall away.
Continued heating of a sprinkler at the operating temperature will cause it to operate,
releasing the water seal. Water will immediately flow through the sprinkler orifice and
strike the deflector, discharging water over a specific area of coverage as determined by the
water supply pressure and the type of deflector fitted.
Because the water spray will immediately cool the hot gases from the fire, other adjacent
sprinklers may not be activated. The water spray will reach the burning material, cooling it
below its combustion temperature to extinguish or control the fire.

C7 WATER SUPPLY PRESSURE AND FLOWS

The following water supply pressures and flows are required as a minimum for the sprinkler
system to perform correctly.
(a) Residual pressure at your garden tap full design flow to the sprinkler
installation ......................................................................................................... kPa.
(These values should be inserted at the time of commissioning and used for reference
purposes during subsequent inspection.)
(a) Residual pressure at remote test vale for two-sprinkler flow.................................L/m.
(b) Flow...................................................................................................................L/m.
The static and residual pressures will be checked on an annual basis.
Additional information on the functions and benefits of automatic fire sprinkler systems can
be obtained from Standards Australia’s publication HB 147, Sprinklers Simplified.

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AS 2118.5—2008 68

APPENDIX D
MAINTENANCE
(Informative)

D1 GENERAL
Routine checks should be carried out to ensure that the system will perform as required.
These may be carried out by a specialist contractor or the householder. If the routine checks
indicate conditions that may impact on the reliability of the system, specialist advice should
be sought.
It is also important to check whether any building alterations or changes to the water supply
will require changes to the sprinkler system in order to maintain performance.

D2 MONTHLY CHECKS
The following checks should be carried out monthly:
(a) Check that pumps, if applicable, start correctly.
(b) Where pumps are used, clean the filter and check the pressure vessel.
(c) Ensure all isolation valves that affect system water supplies are fully open.
(d) Open the valve at the test assembly to ensure water is present.

D3 ANNUAL CHECKS
The following checks should be carried out annually:
(a) Connect a test assembly to the remote test point valve (see Figure 5.3.4).
(b) Check the sprinkler water supply pressure gauge to ensure that the ‘static’ pressure
has not deteriorated below the minimum required water supply pressure.
(c) Open the test valve and record the ‘residual’ (flowing) pressure. If either of these
pressure readings are less than the pressure recorded at commissioning, specialized
advice should be sought.
(d) Inspect the sprinkler system to ensure that sprinklers have not been damaged, painted
or unduly obstructed.
(e) Backflow prevention device should be tested in accordance with AS/NZS 2845.3.
NOTE: AS 1851 also contains provisions for the maintenance of fire sprinkler systems.

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 69 AS 2118.5—2008

APPENDIX E
WATER SUPPLY TESTS
(Informative)

E1 GENERAL
Prior to installing a home sprinkler system the water supply tests set out in Paragraphs E2
and E3 should be carried out on site at a time of known peak demand.

E2 STATIC PRESSURE TEST

The procedure is as follows:
(a) Select a garden tap (or meter valve) close to the water meter.
(b) Connect a pressure gauge to the selected test point.
(c) Turn on the tap or valve.
(d) Record the static pressure reading, date and time of the test.

E3 RESIDUAL PRESSURE TEST

The procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Using the same garden tap and a pressure gauge as in Paragraph E2(b) above, select a
large bucket (25 L would be adequate).
(b) Open the garden tap fully.
(c) Place the bucket under the outlet.
(d) Note the time taken to fill the bucket to overflowing (in seconds), and record the
residual (flowing) pressure.
(e) Calculate the flow in litres per minute, using the procedure on the following worked
example (see also Table E1):
Worked example:
It takes, for example, 13 s to fill a 25 L bucket.
Divide the number of litres (25 L) by the number of seconds it takes to fill the bucket
(13 s) to determine the flow rate expressed in litres per second (1.92 L/s). Multiply by
60 to obtain 115.2 L/min.

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AS 2118.5—2008 70

TABLE E1
PRESSURE AND FLOW TEST—WORKED EXAMPLE
Householder’s name
Address
Date of test
Time of day 1.48 pm
Location of garden tap (test point) Front garden, near meter
a = bucket capacity 25 L
b = time to fill bucket 13 s
a÷b litres per second 1.92 L/s
To get litres per minute multiply L/s × 60 1.92 × 60 = 115.2 L/min

A flow rate of 115 L/min is acceptable (because the system requires a minimum 100 L/min
for the sprinklers and 12 L/min for simultaneous domestic demand). However, adequate
residual (flowing) pressure is also required. In this case, ‘adequate pressure’ means pressure
equal to or exceeding the ‘total pressure required’, see ‘Worked Example’
Figures 4.4.3.1(B) and 4.4.3.2(B).

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 71 AS 2118.5—2008

APPENDIX F
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION
(Normative)

The following form shall be used when calculating the required total pressure for the
sprinkler system (see Section 4).

TABLE F1
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION SCHEDULE
Equivalent length fittings
Flow Friction Loop Static
Pipe
Size
Pipe and valves (1)m through loss per
Friction
(3) reduction pressure
Pressure
No. length (2) loss (4) required
Elbows Tees Valves Total pipe metre factor × 0.14 loss/gain

DN m m m m m L/min kPa/m kPa kPa kPa

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
PRESSURE AVAILABLE … kPa AT REQUIRED FLOW Water meter assembly loss (5)
… L/min (7)
Sprinkler residual pressure required (6) 50
TOTAL PRESSURE REQUIRED (kPa)
PRESSURE LESS THAN AVAILABLE (8) YES/NO?
NOTES:
1 See Tables 4.4.1(F) to 4.4.1(H).
2 See Tables 4.4.1(A) to 4.4.1(E) using one or two sprinkler values plus 12 L/min domestic demand as appropriate.
3 Multiply total (m) by friction loss per meter (kPa/m).
4 See Table 4.4.1(J).
5 See Table 4.4.1(I).
6 See Clause 4.4.2.
7 See Clause 3.4.
8 If YES = acceptable. If NO = unacceptable.

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AS 2118.5—2008 72

APPENDIX G
PROTECTION OF PIPING AGAINST FIRE
(Test for assessing protection against fire of listed plastics pipe and fittings installed
above ceiling arrangements other than those specified in Section 5)
(Normative)

Although this test is optional (see Clause 5.2.2), the mandatory requirements will have to be
adhered to for the successful assessing of protection of piping against fire.

G1 GENERAL
This Appendix sets out an exposure test, which may be used for assessing the protection
afforded against fire to listed plastics sprinkler pipe and fittings installed above ceiling
arrangements other than those specified in this Standard (see Clause 5.2.2).
Pipe and fitting assemblies subjected to this test shall not burst, separate, leak or distort.
Following fire exposure, they shall be capable of withstanding a hydrostatic pressure test of
not less than 1.2 MPa for 5 min without rupture or leakage.

G2 TEST SAMPLES
Test sample pipe and fitting assemblies shall incorporate representative sprinklers proposed
for installation (pendent type home sprinklers of maximum temperature rating specified)
positioned with maximum permissible deflector distance beneath the ceiling arrangement
being assessed. They shall be secured with the minimum hanger spacings specified in the
manufacturer’s data sheets, and connected to a water supply incorporating a flowmeter and
pressure gauge and capable of supplying a pressure of not less than 1.2 MPa at the assembly
inlet.

G3 TEST FIRE SOURCE

The test fire source shall consist of a square steel pan containing 23.7 L of heptane with a
maximum initial boiling point of 90°C, a maximum dry point of 100°C and a specific
gravity (15.6°C/15.6°C) of 0.69–0.73. The pan shall be 0.7 m2 and 300 mm deep with top
edges reinforced by continuous steel angle section.
The pan shall be centred below the sprinkler piping tee (see Figure A4), and centrally
positioned in a second liquid-tight square steel pan 1.0 m square and 300 mm deep with top
edges reinforced by continuous steel angle section. The second pan shall be filled with
water, which shall be continuously refreshed throughout the test.

G4 TEST ENCLOSURE
The test shall be conducted in an essentially draught-free enclosure of dimensions not less
than 9.1 m by 9.1 m by 4.6 m high. The ceiling arrangement being assessed shall be 7.3 m
long by 3.7 m wide and be installed 2.3 m above the floor (see Figure A4).

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G5 TEST PROCEDURE
The test shall be conducted using two pendent sprinklers projecting through the ceiling
arrangement being assessed and installed at a maximum 4.6 m spacing at the extremities of
the piping array connected to the water supply. The piping shall be maintained at an initial
static pressure of 690–825 kPa. The test pan fuel shall be ignited and, after operation of
each sprinkler, the water pressure shall be adjusted to maintain a flow of not less than
50 L/min and 100 L/min, respectively. Ten minutes after ignition, the pan fire shall be
extinguished. Five minutes after the pan fire is extinguished, the water supply to the
sprinklers shall be shut off.
The foregoing test shall be repeated with the water pressure adjusted to not less than
1.2 MPa. Following sprinkler operation, the pressure shall be reduced to 1 MPa and
maintained at that reduced pressure until completion of the test.

73 0 0

46 0 0

= =
Ceiling 23 0 0
to b e
assessd

F i re s o u rc e

Fro nt El evati o n

Wate r S u p p l y C e i l i n g to b e
assessed

D N 3 8 Pi p e

D N 25 Pi p e

370 0

Pe n d e nt s p r i n k l e r

Pl a n

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES

FIGURE G4 FIRE EXPOSURE TEST ARRANGEMENT

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

AS 2118.5—2008 74

APPENDIX H
COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
(Informative)

We (name of installer).........................................................................................................
of .......................................................................................................................................
hereby certify that we have completed on (date) .... /.... / ......a (name of system) ..................
Automatic sprinkler installation(s), extension(s) designed and erected in accordance with
AS 2118.5, Automatic fire sprinklers systems — Home fire sprinkler systems
Name of householder..........................................................................................................
Address of protected premises ............................................................................................
Commissioning test completed and satisfactory YES/NO .....................................................
If NO, insert the verified flow results
Date of placing sprinklers in full commission..... / ......... / .........

WATER SUPPLIES

The following water supplies have been provided:

Water main size ..................................................................................................................
Supply pipe size .................................................................................................................
Tank:
Construction...............................................................................................................
Capacity........................................................................................................... litres.
Pump:
Power source .............................................................................................................
Capacity.......................................................................................................... L/min.
Pressure ....................................................................................................................
Remarks:............................................................................................................................
Signature:....................................................................................... Date: ..... / ...... /..........

WATER SUPPLY TEST

(Attached water supply authority information as applicable)

Date Time Test location Test equipment Results

© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 75 AS 2118.5—2008

BIBLIOGRAPHY

2845 Water supply—Backflow prevention devices

2845.3 Part 3: Field testing and maintenance
3013 Electrical installations—Classification of the fire and mechanical performance
of wiring system elements
HB 147 Sprinklers simplified

www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia

AS 2118.5—2008 76

NOTES
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