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Charpy Vs - CTOD

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15 views

Charpy Vs - CTOD

Uploaded by

santhoshm123098
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Aspect Charpy V-Notch Testing CTOD Testing

enables engineers’ judgements about risk of a material to


brittle fracture occurring in steels. Measures a material's resistance to crack
Purpose propagation and fracture (crack) toughness.
for assessing resistance to brittle fracture
By measuring the energy to initiate, and propagate, a crack
from a sharp notch in a standard sized specimen subjected to
an impact load. Measures the amount of displacement at the
crack tip before fracture occurs.
The value achieved is known as the notch or impact measures a material
To Measure toughness. property - fracture toughness
Fracture Provides information on the material's ability to
Behavior Provides information on the impact resistance of a material. resist crack propagation and tolerate defects.
Often conducted under controlled loading
Testing Typically conducted at various temperatures to assess ductile conditions, including slow loading rates.
Conditions to brittle transition. Usually conducted at ambient temperature.
Specimen Typically uses standard-sized specimens with a sharp V- Requires precise machining of specimens with
Preparation notch. pre-cracked notches.
Commonly used in industries where crack
Widely used for quality control and material selection in growth is critical, such as pipeline and pressure
Applicability various industries. vessel manufacturing.
Result CTOD value indicates material's ability to resist
Interpretation Energy absorbed indicates resistance to brittle fracture. crack propagation.
Standards ASTM E23, ISO 148 ASTM E1290, BS 7448
Aspect Charpy V-Notch Testing CTOD Testing
Standardized internationally; may be full-sized or
smaller (e.g., 10mm x 7.5mm, 10mm x 5mm).
Relatively large with a cross-section of B x 2B and
Specimens are machined from welded test, length ~ 10B (B = full thickness of the weld).
typically in the center of the weld metal and at Prepared as a Rectangular (or square)-shaped bar cut
positions across the HAZ transverse to the axis of butt weld.
Specimen Shape and
Dimensions
notch position located in different locations
according to the testing requirements, typically in
Notch Position on the center of the weld metal or across the Heat Notch is machined at the center of the bar, which lines
specimen Affected Zone (HAZ). up with the test position (weld metal or HAZ).
V-shaped and standardized. V-notch machined at the center of the bar; shallow saw
Notch Configuration at 45o angle cut added at the bottom of the notch.
Specimens subjected to impact load behind the Specimens undergo cyclic bending load until a shallow
Test Procedure notch. fatigue crack initiates from the saw cut.
Testing Purpose Assesses risk of brittle fracture in steels. Measures fracture toughness.
To ensure that the toughness of the steel that is
used fora particular item will be high enough to
avoid brittle fracture in service and so impact Essential for making an appropriate decision when a
specimens are tested at a temperature that is crack is
Common related to the design temperature for the discovered during inspection of equipment that is in-
Applications fabricated component. service.

Test Specimen:
Aspect Charpy Impact Test Method CTOD Test Method

Test Temperature Specimens cooled to specified test temperature Specimens tested at a temperature below ambient,
Control using insulated liquid bath. controlled by immersion in a cooled liquid bath.

Pendulum hammer releases impact load behind Applied load induces bending to create concentrated
Load Application the notch. stress at crack tip.

Position of hammer pointer on machine scale Clip gauge attached across machined notch measures
Measurement indicates energy absorbed during impact. increase in crack mouth width as load is increased.

Fracture Toughness Fracture toughness expressed as distance crack tip


Measurement Energy absorbed by hammer during impact test. opens without initiating brittle crack.

Impact test specimens taken in triplicate for Three tests typically conducted for each test
Test Replication each notch position. condition (notch position and test temperature).

Energy values (Joules or ft-lbs) recorded for each


specimen; may vary due to scatter in results, Chart generated showing increase in crack mouth
Result Presentation especially for weldments. width vs. applied load to calculate CTOD value.

Test Method:

Acceptance Criteria:
Aspect Charpy Impact Test Acceptance Criteria CTOD Test Acceptance Criteria
Each test result recorded; average value calculated Minimum CTOD value specified for ductile tearing or used for
measurement from three tests engineering critical assessment.
Test results compared with specified values from Minimum CTOD value specified for ductile tearing or for
Evaluation Method application standard or client. engineering assessment.
% Crystallinity and lateral expansion assessed on
Additional Evaluation fracture face to provide insight into toughness Examination of crack extension and width to determine ductile
Parameters characteristics. tearing or brittle behavior.
Tough steel weldment allows wide crack mouth opening by
Additional Examination of test specimens for % crystallinity ductile tearing; brittle weldment fractures at low load without
Characteristics and lateral expansion. crack extension.
Indicates % of fracture face with crystalline
% Crystallinity appearance (100% = completely brittle). Not applicable; CTOD values expressed in millimeters
Increase in width of specimen behind the notch Not applicable; CTOD values indicate crack opening due to
Lateral Expansion (larger value = tougher specimen). ductile tearing.
Clean break with completely flat fracture face and
Characteristics of minimal lateral expansion indicates extreme Brittle weldments tend to fracture at low applied loads without
Brittle Specimens brittleness. crack extension.
Characteristics of Small degree of crack extension without fracture and Ductile weldments allow crack mouth to open widely by
Tough Specimens high lateral expansion indicates very good toughness. ductile tearing at crack tip.
Energy values recorded and compared; scatter in CTOD values expressed in millimeters; typical range indicates
Expression of Results results considered, especially for weldments. brittle (<~0.1mm) to very tough (>~1mm) behavior.

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