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Pre-Feasibility Study
Applicant Name
Fathers Name
CNIC #
Cell #
Education
Experience
Business Project
Address
Category
Loan Amount
Rate
Bank
Cow Dairy Farming
Ali Adnan Raza Page 1 of 21
Ali Adnan Raza
Ghazanfar Ali Shah
33204-0469004-1
0300-0966612
M.Phil (&nglish)
05 Year
Cow Dairy Farming
Mouza Inayat
Shah p/o Garh
Maharaja Teh:
Ahmad Pur Sial
Distt: Jhang
Tier II
2,000,000/-
4% tes por MeSMEFD Leer
No, 201 2020
Dated 10 July 20)
NBP1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
milk production,
Dairy production is an all-inclusive activity, related to dairy animal care,
reproduction, feeding and management. It encompasses all aspects and activities
related to raising dairy animals during various phases of life to get maximum
productivity in terms of hygienic milk.
A dairy farm with 15 cows needs a total investment of approximately Rs. 02.74
million out of which, capital cost of the project is Rs. 2.25 with working capital of
0.52 million. The project is assumed to be working on a 72:28 debt and equity ratio.
[tis assumed that starting from 16 animals in year 1, the herd of animals will increase
‘0 approximately 90 animals, out of which, 52 would be lactating cows in 10" year
of the project. The culling rate is assumed to be 15% per annum
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period and Net Present Value (NPV) of
the project, based upon stated assumptions, are 43%, 8 years and Rs. 4.75 million
respectively. The farm will provide employment opportunity to 4 individuals. The
legal status of the project is proposed to be a sole proprietorship.
2 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT
The objective of the pre-feasibility study is primarily to facilitate potential
entrepreneurs in project identification for investment. The project pre-feasibility may
form the basis of an important investment decision and in order to serve this
objective, the documentstudy covers various aspects of project concept
development, start-up, and production, marketing, finance and business
management.
The purpose of this document is to facilitate potential investors in setting up Dairy
Farm (15 cows)
The need to come up with pre-feasibility reports for undocumented or minimally
documented sectors attains greater imminence as the research that precedes such
reports reveal certain thumb rules; best practices developed by existing enterprises
by trial and error, and certain industrial norms that become a guiding source
Tegarding various aspects of business set-up and it's successful management.
Apart from carefully studying the whole document one must consider critical aspects
Provided later on, which form basis of any Investment Decision.
3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT & PRODUCT
The proposed dairy farm will be established on owned land. The farm will begin
operations with 15 cows to achieve sellable milk production of 108,338 litres in first
Ali Adnan Raza Page 2 of 21year of the project. The initial capacity utilization of milk production for sales
revenue is 95% by year 10. Female calves will be raised on milk replacer for first
three months of age. Upon weaning at 4" month of age, calves will be offered Total
Mixed Ration (TMR) for the rest of their productive life. Breeding of animals will be
planned through ‘Artificial Insemination’ method, Female calves will be given special
~ attention and raised as ‘Heifers’ whereas male calves are to be sold in the market
round the age of one month. The milk will be primarily sold to bulk buyers at the
te of Rs. 55 with 10% annual growth rate in selling price.
he subject business can be set-up at any appropriate location that ensures easy
availability of feed, water and other related services. The development of urban or
peri-urban commercial dairy farms is a relatively new concept in dairy production
however, the demand increases in summer (April to November).
3.1 Dairy Farm Production Process
+ Selection of dairy cattle breed such as
Holstein Friesian with proven pedigree
and high genetic worth from elite/
Superior and renowned sires. Holstein
cows are recognized by their distinctive
color markings and outstanding milk
production, having large body stature
with typical color patterns of black &
white or red & white. Holstein heifers can
be bred at around 15 months of age as
they gain 65% of their adult body weight
(approx. 550 kgs live body weight). Gestation period of the animal is nine months
with normal productive life of 4-5 years.
Figure 1: A typical Holstein Cow
i
Ali Adnan Raza Page 3 of 21Selection of animals with excellent body condition and udder health average
daily milk production of 32 litres or above for cows in first lactation, essentially
with no disease history.
Housing: Good housing leads to good Management practices and ultimately
_ optimum production. Generally, housing should be:
|. Pre-engineered building
Ml. Tunnel-type, ventilated, comfortable and dry with hygienic
environment
WI. Designed with the probability of future expansion when required
The housing should facilitate;
Easy drainage and removal of dung, urine and waste material
Apparent (or feels like) temperature not exceeding 27 °C
Minimum sun exposure: axis of length to be east to west
Availability of feed and water round the clock
Feeding: The lactating Holstein cows are fed 1 kg of Dry Matter (DM) feed per
1.75 litres of milk produced. The ration allows nutntionally balanced feed in 24
hours. It includes dry matter with 60% concentrate and 40% roughages
containing 16% Crude Protein (CP) and
energy to increase animal productivity It is better to use Total Maxed Ration
(TMR) wagon for feeding the cows.
Watering: Supply of clean drinking water in clean troughs 1e. 50 to 80 titres of
water consumption per adult animal per day, round the clock, maintains milk
production capacity of the animal
Breeding: Efficient and timely Artificial Insemination (Al) of good genetic worth 1s,
a key to success in good breeding programs of herd
Calving: Pregnant animals should be given special attention in third trimester of
pregnancy and should be separated in pregnancy pens. Veterinary assistance
should be sought out in case of emergency. Calf care and heer management
is very important in maintaining dairy farm production. The proposed farmer will
raise female calves as future breeding heifers which will replace culled dairy
animals. The first generation (F1) will be capable of breeding at age of 14
months; hence producing milk at about 23-24 months of age
Lactation Period: lactation period is the period during which animals yield milk
after calving. The animals producing milk are called ‘Wet Animals’. Generally
standard lactation period is taken as 305+ 5 days. This pre-feasibility study has
taken 50-65% of the total number of animals as wet cows. The calving interval
{interval between two calving) in Holstein cows is 12-14 months. The average
Gaily mik yield of a cow is 35 litres,
Uader health: Hygienic and clean milking three times a day (morning/afternoon!
Svening) lowers chances of mastitis as udder health and hygiene is most
Ali Adnan Raza Page 4 of 21important in dairy animals.
Proper storage of milk should be done preferably at temperature of 4 °c.
Disease management: Vaccination & medicine is required to prevent any
disease outbreak in the dairy herd. Each animal will be vaccinated before
entering the farm. Procurement of vaccines from reliable sources should be
sought. Following is a tentative vaccination schedule;
Table 1: Tentative Vaccination Schedule
Time for Dose!
Disease Vaccine saeaatnh ‘Administration
Foot & Mouth = FMD. February/March & 5 ml sub cut.
Disease September/October
Black Quarter. BQ March/April 5 mi sub cut.
Haemorrhagic HS May/June & 5 ml / 300 kg body wt.
Septicemia November/December sub cut.
Anthrax Anthrax August 1 ml sub cut.
Brucella BA ‘Once in life for ‘ml sub cut
Abortus heifers (4-12 months
of age)
Ali Adnan Raza Page 5 of 21Installed and Operational Capacities
the proposed study, initially, 15 cows are recommended to obtain optimum mitk
production in first year of project. It is assumed that on average. 60-65 "% of total
mals present at farm would be in lactation on farm. The female calves born at
rm will be added to the milking herd through heifer management; hence total
ber of animals to be 90, among which, §2 animals will be in lactation in 10” year
project. The male calves will be sold in open market. Average milk production of
during one lactation period is estimated to be 9,750 litres. The dairy farm will
ve the capacity to generate revenues at total sellable milk produced at farm ie
108338 litres in its first year of operation.
The annual mortality rate is assumed to be 7% for newborn calves, 3% for heifers
1d 2% for adult cows. The project will operate at 95% of its installed capacity from
e first year of operations.
CRITICAL FACTORS
he most critical considerations or factors for success of the project are
+ Background knowledge and related experience of the entrepreneur in dairy
farm operations.
* Application of good husbandry practices such as timely feeding, watering and
vaccination to ensure animat's health and disease-free environment
* Awareness about supply and demand of milk in the market as demand of
milk is relatively higher in summer as compared to wanter season,
* Efficient marketing of the project and bulk supply to wholesalers.
5 GEOGRAPHICAL POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT
Commercial dairy farming is a viable business proposition for peri-urban areas of
" Pokistan. There is higher demand for milk in pen urban areas around the major cities
such as Karachi, Hyderabad, Sakkar Lahore, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura,
Bahawalpur, Multan, Jhang, Sahiwal, Pakpattan, Okara, Jehlum, Peshawar.
_ Charsadda, D.!. Khan, Quetta, etc. across the country: hence, the said project offers
900d investment opportunities for potential investment in all provinces of country
The peri-urban areas around major cities with abundant water and availability of
fodder make a better choice for farming; provided there is ready access to livestock
‘elated marketing and veterinary services.
Ali Adnan Raza Page 6 of 21POTENTIAL TARGET CUSTOMERS / MARKETS,
is pre-feasibilty study suggests that milk will be sold at the farm gate directly t
consumers or milk contractors. It can also be sold directly to mill centers in he
an market or may be pasteurized at farm by the farmer and delivered to the
earest city, however it involves extra investment which is not included in this
feasibility study. Milk contractors collect milk from farmers and deliver it to the
consumer's doorstep. Milk collection networks of different processing companies
also collect milk directly from the farm and transport it to the processing facilities.
part from Lahore, Sialkot, Kasur, Gujranwala, Bahawalpur, Okara, Quetta, 0.1.
Khan etc,, commercial dairy farming in peri-urban locations takes place around all
major cities. Metropolitan cities are considered major markets for the sale of milk.
Following are some of the target clients for a dairy farmer;
+ Domestic consumers
+ Milk contractors and suppliers
+ Milk collection and processing companies
+ Dairy products manufacturing companies
+ On-farm Processing by farmer (however, it requires minimum viable capacity
of 40,000 liters of milk daily)
‘The cost of production per litre of raw milk should be lower than its sale price so that
the farmer finds it economical. The daily milk intake of Lahore & Karachi is 3 million
lies and 5 million litres respectively. The demand for milk increases during
summers as consumption of whey (lassi) increases due to hot weather. Yogurt or
curd is another popular product. These are high value products however with
__telatively short shelf life.
Mik processing companies use milk as a raw material to formulate different types
of milk ie. pasteurized milk, UHT treated milk, condensed milk, skim milk & milk
powder, etc. Different value added products like ghee, khoya, yogurt, ice cream,
butter and cheese are also prepared from raw milk. Processed milk market has
increased its share in quality conscious consumers. Processed milk has
achieved
4% share in Lahore milk market during the last two decades. Milk supply
is increasing at the rate of 4% annually, however demand is increasing at 15%
annually.
Ali Adnan Raza Page 7 of 21PROJECT COST SUMMARY
Project Economics
w financial model for this pre-feasibility study indicates estimated revenue of
.
1 milion in first year of the project. The capacity utilization during year one is
95%, which will remain the same throughout the life of the project, The following
table shows Internal Rate of Return, payback period and Net Present Value of
the
proposed
venture.
Table 2: Project Economics
_ Description Details
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 43%
Payback Period (Yrs.) 8
Net Present value (Rs.) 4,746,328
7.2. Project Financing
Following table provides details of equity required and variables related to
bank loan;
Table 3: Project Financing
Description Details
Total Equity (28%) Rs. 777,434
Bank Loan (72%) Rs. 2,000,000
Markup to the Borrower (%age / annum) 8%
Tenure of the Project (Years) 8
Ali Adnan Raza Page 8 of 2173. Project Cost
Following fixed and working capital requirement identifi
operations of the proposed business S Nave been identified for
Table 4: Project
Cost
Description
Capital Cost Cost (Rs.)
Building and infrastructure 000
_ Machinery and Equipment 265,100
Cows 1,800,000
Pre-operating Cost 185,000
“Total Capital Cost 2,250,100
Working Capital
"Raw Material Inventory 271,415
Cash 255,919
Total Working Capital 527,334
Total Project Cost
2,777,434
‘The proposed pre-feasibility is based on the assumption of 72% debt and 28%
equity, however this composition can be changed as per requirements of the
investor,
74 Space Requirement
Space requirement for the proposed dairy farm is already availed
_15 Machinery & Equipment Requirement
Following farm machinery and equipment are needed to run daily farm
operations;
Table 6: Machinery &
Equipment
Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost
Description (No) (Rs.) (Rs.)
Calf Feeder (New born calves) 3 1,200 3.600
Calt Cages 3 12,000 36,000
Making Line 1 180,000 150,000
Milk Testing Machines 1 20,000) 20,000
Velocity Meter 4 1,500 1,500
‘Nergy Savers-Farm 10 400 4,000
Miscellaneous 1 ening 50,000
Total Machinery & Equipment 265,100
Ali Adnan Raza Page 9 of 21ss ansumed thal electricity inteastruce
ure ANd inataRations along wi
weedy mG with 9
pastornmer are already available. hence Caloulations de nat inc tude hese costs,
9 Human Resource Requirement
order to Tun Operations of the farm smoot
ty. fotlowing human resources wong
th number of employees and monthly salary
are tecommended
Table 10: Human Resource Requirement
Description No. of Monthly Salary Tota! Salary
Employees (Re) Year t (Ra)
Owner / Farm Manager 1 20,000 240,000
Workers: Cows 1 1,000 180,000
Workers Catves 1 16.000 180 000
Total 3 600,000
Ab Adnan Baza Page 10 of 21Raw material Requirement
yowng tables show raw material Wuire
: rem
“sust year of production; Paurement to run the proposed dairy farm
Table 11: Feeding Requirements for one Cow*
in Year 1
ription Daily Feed
“ Attowancetigy "BNE Cost Total cost
tan (TM) 3.5% of Wve year
pone) GK ote 2 oO
jvorage adult Live Body Weight (Bw)
roduction for one lactation For the ca
ne lactation period is distributed in
timated to be 305 4_ 5 days
Of COW 18 Sued to be 700 kg wah 35 itors of dy rie
culation purpose, the total mk production of 9.780 tee ry
365 days. One tactation poriod of Motstomn Fi
cow is
Table 12: Feeding Requirements of One Female Calf"
‘one year of age) in year t
Daily Feed
(from birth tilt
ne Daily Total Cost
Description Allowance Feed Cost in Year 1
(Kgs) eee) (Rs) (RsJ Calf)
ilk Replacer (First 3 6 itres 40 240 21,600
onths of age per
iM)
MR (trom 4" to 12" 83 20 249 68,062
ronths of age) {@ 3% of ve BY)
otal 89,663
“Average birth weight of the new born caf is 35-40.ags At the time of weaning at tree months
01090, itis 180 kgs which increases up to 400 Ags at the age of one year
Total Cost of Feeding in Year 1
Total Cost (Rs.)****
No. of Year 1
Animals
Lactating Cows 15 3694224
q Female Caives (younger 05 443642
‘than one year)
ne (Female calves 2 E
than one year}
Total 4 15 4137866
"S08 are rouncied off to near decimal point for 365 days of feeding The number of anwmas snp
Ali Adnan Raza Page 11 of 21iat ater mortally COUNT Which Is 74% jy
jul new bon
sean one in all COWS. '0rP. 3 % in female calves older than one
4?
ana
Table 15: Total Cost of Vaccination, Medication and Al in
141. Utilities and other
“costs
An essential cost to be borne by the project is the cost of electricity. Direct
electricity expenses of the dairy farm are estimated to be approximately Rs.
§9,193 per month ie. Rs. 717,513 annually. The type of electricity
connection is Industrial B-1
Category and one time connection charges are Rs. 35,000. It is further
assumed that within the cooling system, the cone exhaust fans with water motor
will operate for 12 hours per day. The milk chiller and energy savers will operate
for 12 hours per day (average) throughout the year. The water turbine will
_ operate for 2 hours daily (average). The milking line will operate for 7 hours daily
_ [average) to carry out three milking sessions daily for a herd of 25 cows.
The indirect or regular electricity expense for management building and staff
residence is assumed to be approximately Rs. 5,000 per month or Rs. 60,000 in
year one of the projects.
‘The fuel cost (diesel) for running generator set in case of absence of electricity
_'S assumed at an average 4 hours daily; for a monthly expense of Rs. 48,900
ORs,
586,800 annually in first year of
perations,
_ Machinery maintenance expense is assumed to be Rs. 10,000 per month or Rs
_ 120,000 in year one.
Monthly expenses related to travelling, communication and office vehicle running
: Rs, 120,000, 60,000 and 42,000 respectively.
Similar
ate Rs,
= audit
'y, monthly expenses related to business promotion and office routine tasks
. 748,286 and Rs, 39,600 respectively. Professional fees related to any legal,
°rlechnical consultation is assumed to be Rs. 14,966 per year.
In
nance of equipment, machinery and office vehicle is assumed to be 5% of total
“Shieh is Rs. 72,905 in first year of operations.
Ali Adnan Raza Page 12 of 21
Year 1
Description Rs./ Animal
" ” Total
Vaccination and Medication ‘000 Cost in year 4 eek
wificial Insemination (Al) 5,000 ha
Total 6,000 90,00047 Revenue Generation
1
4 on capacity utilization of 95% go, Fevenues fro
ied sales revenue during the first ye
cows,
ear of operation:
pie. However, capacity has been increased at 5%
tal
™ milk production from 25
S #s shown in the following
for a maximum utilization of
95% Table 16: Revenue Generation - Year 1
Description Unit Annual Price Total Revenue in
Production (RsJUnit) Yaar 1(Rs.)
sale of Milk No.of 108,338 55 5,958,590
Liters
Sale of male calves No. 5 10,000 50,000
Sale of culled cows No, 1 125,000 125,000
6,133,590
Total
The annual culling rate is 15% applicable to all animals in the herd,
Ali Adnan Raza Page 13 of 21s CONTACT DETAILS
ree W taciliate Potential investors. contars
eoetere HeeeRN 10 the proposed project ary — O Breve sector Service
41 Machinery Suppliers:
Pakistan Pvt Lig,
pict No. 62, Bloch R1,
vA Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
1 +82 (OM? 352019024 (3 finn), F062 oy49 W201 905
t nlogiprotarm.cOm.pk, Customer Serve (24/7; +82 229 pame 211
dary Solution Pvt Lia
17 Johar Town, Latore
Ph +02-49-98 100450 +82.42.35 306451
ta 982-042 28160680
‘Cattle Kit Pvt. Ltd. Pakistan
1044, Punjaty Government Servants Housing Society Neat Uti Wax,
Lahore
Ph #82 (042) S8BTEHO0-3
Ema intogbaatiekit crn sak
Web ww cattiokiL oom gk
12 Row Materiat Suppliers
Feed Suppliers.
“Teoh Feeds Pvt. Lig.
}4 Shadman Chowh, dail Road, Lahore
Ph 082.97564505
Staoat tomas hut 10
4 Now Muslin Town, Lahore
M Oarasraszss.s
Se Lomestock ana Osiry Devetapment Deparment Goxt of Pad,
jE Scene" Row. Lenore
Fee Lane (0800-7B68S, O800-7SE8E
: Feed Pat tng
“6 Alaa Block, New Garden Town, atone.
Ab Adnan Plaza Page 14 0f 21ph: 042-35835374-35835379
al/semen Suppliers
Ghazi Brothers
-35 KDA Scheme No 1,
ian Muhammad Shah Roag,
ph: 021-4543579
Word Wire Sires by Maxim Internatio
~ §9-A, Sector-XX, Khayaban-e-tqbal, OHA Lat’
Ph: 042-35693993, fees
“Altaf & Co.,
Altaf & Co Plaza, 16/1, Out Fall
“Ph: 042-35763411-4
Milk Contractors/ Processors
_Engro Foods Pvt. Limited
Sth, 6th Floor, Harbor Front Building
Marine Drive, Block 4, Clifton, Karachi,
Ph: #92 21 3529-6000 (10 lines)
Nestle Pakistan
308, Upper Mall, Lahore,
Ph: 042-35757082-95, UAN +92-42-111637853
‘Holstein Cow Sup
Karachi,
Road, Lahore,
The Pedigreed Holstein breed cows with average daily milk production capacity
of 35 liters of EU and USA origin may be found from following sources;
__ 1. Holstein Association USA (ww. holsteinusa.com)
- United States Livestock Exporters Association (USLEA)
Fe aa ate oterseioicon vores rm)
. Veepro Netherland (www, veepro.nl
Mr, Ber, Berg ee Netherlands ([email protected]) on
Mrs. Karin, Ugerup Cattle Exports Sweden (ena a
. Mr. Johan, Hun land Exports from Holland Oe acon
- Mrs, Renee, Strickland Global, USA (www.strickiandg|
124
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