SCHOOL OF GEOMATICS SCIENCE & NATURAL RESOURCES

COLLEGE OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT,

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM) SHAH ALAM
SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

BACHELOR OF SURVEYING SCIENCE AND GEOMATICS (HONOURS)

(AP220)

GSS615

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMTERY MAPPING LAB 4

PROGRAMME CODE:

AP220

CLASS CODE:

CFAP2205B

PREPARED BY:

Name UiTM No. Signature

MOHAMMAD AIRIL IMRAN BIN MAZALAN 2023817106
MUHAMMAD NAZRIL BIN KHAIRULZAMAN 2023867332

PREPARE FOR:
SIR ABDUL AZIZ

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO CONTENT NO PAGE
1 1. INTRODUCTION 3
2 2. OBJECTIVE 4
2.1. IMAGE 4-5
3 3. SOFTWARE 6
4 4. METHODOLOGY
5 5. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
6 6. CONCLUSION
7 7. INDIVIDUAL COMMENT

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 1. INTRODUCTION

Geography encompasses the shape and character of the Earth's surface, and maps were among
the earliest documents to document these findings. In contemporary cartography, a
topographic map is a detailed and quantitative representation of relief, typically depicted using
contour lines that connect points of equal elevation. Historically, cartographers employed a
variety of methods to convey this information. Traditionally, a topographic map showcases
both natural and man-made features. A topographic survey typically involves systematic
observation and is published as a map series, consisting of multiple sheets that combine to
form a comprehensive map. A topographic map series adheres to a standardized set of
specifications, including the range of cartographic symbols used, as well as a consistent
geodetic framework that defines the map projection, coordinate system, ellipsoid, and
geodetic datum.

Orthorectification is the process of removing the effects of image perspective (tilt) and relief
(terrain) effects for creating a correct image. The resulting orthorectified image has a constant
scale wherein features are represented in their true positions. This allows accurate direct
measurement of distances, angles, and areas. Orthorectified images are commonly used in
visualization tools such as Google Earth, OSSIM Planet, ArcMap, WMS, etc.

A digital terrain representation is a three-dimensional computer-generated model of the

Earth's surface, crafted from elevation data. When applied globally, this representation takes
the form of a discrete grid. These models are frequently utilized in geographic information
systems and serve as the foundation for digitally created relief maps. While a digital surface
model might be beneficial for tasks like landscape modeling and city visualization, a digital
terrain model is often necessary for applications such as flood and drainage analysis, land-use
studies, geological research, and planetary science, among others.

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2. OBJECTIVE
 To give exposure and skills in the process of using digital photogrammetry to
produce orthophoto images, DEM file and extraction details including
Topographic Plan.

 Producing Orthophoto Images and Topographic Plan. Orthophotographs are

photographic images constructed from vertical or near-vertical aerial
photographs, such that the effects of central perspective, relief displacement,
and tilt are (practically) removed.

2.1. IMAGES
NO IMAGE IMAGE
DJI_0832

DJI_0833

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DJI_0834

DJI_0836

DJI_0837

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 DJI_0838

3.0. SOFTWARE

3.1. PHOTOMOD

• Process aerial images taken by drone.

• Produce digital elevation models (DEM), orthophotos and topographic map.

PHOTOMOD is a comprehensive photogrammetric software suite designed for

processing remote sensing data to generate accurate geospatial information. The
software handles a variety of tasks, including aerial triangulation, orthorectification,
digital terrain model (DTM) and digital surface model (DSM) generation, and 3D
modeling. It supports a wide range of imagery from aerial, satellite, and unmanned
aerial systems (UAS), making it versatile for applications such as urban planning,
environmental monitoring, and spatial analysis. Key features include seamless
orthomosaic creation, advanced vectorization tools for 2D and 3D mapping, and
neural network algorithms for point cloud classification

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3.0. METHODOLOGY

1. Open result from previous lab which is lab 3.

2. Open 3D stereo view before start digitizing.

Select our image, then open 3Dstereopair and
Window tools.

3. Open toggle stereo to view in 3D view before start Digitizing.

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4. To start digitizing, we must create classifier to add layer related to our data.

5. At the classifier window, add layer and edit code for description of
our layer. For example, layer Building has been created with Line
features for building and blue colouris chosen to represent road
layer.

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6. After a layer has been created, we can start plotting our image. The plotting is
done by pinpointing the cross marks to the exact spot the 2 side photos, which is
red and blue. The red and blue points must be selected accurately according to the
image.

7. For building, we must follow the shape of building exactly when digitizing. For the
road, theline must be at both sides of the road. This means, on the road we have 2
line to represent them. For trees, we used points to represent them.
8. Plotting done after create and digitizing all area.

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9. After done all plotting and digitizing, we need to create contour to fulfill
requirement fortopographic map. First compute points automatically into our
plotting.

10. Points will be created automatically by software.

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11. Then, go to terrain and create TIN.

12. TIN will automatically generate by software.

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13. After build TIN, we must create DEM.

14. DEM will be created automatically by software.

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15. After that, create contour from DEM that has been created.
16. Contour will be automatically generated by software.

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17. Export all layers, classifier of plotting into CAD software using format
DXF. Go tovector > Export > DXF.

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15
18. Set to coordinate system to make sure all features in exact position.

19. After export, open Autocad and load all drawings.

20. Decorate our features by using Hatch to building, trees and road. Change
colourfollowing specification and standard by JUPEM.
21. Create boarder for drawing, legends and other information related by
topographic map.

22. Export drawing into pdf/jpg/png file for output.

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5.0. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

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6.0. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the lab exercise provided valuable hands-on experience with PHOTOMOD,
enhancing our understanding of digital photogrammetry and its applications in creating
orthophotos and topographic plans. By following the detailed methodology, we were able to
accurately digitize and plot features, generate terrain models, and export the data for further
use in CAD software. This exercise highlighted the importance of precision and attention to
detail in geospatial data processing and underscored the utility of advanced photogrammetric
software in modern surveying and geomatics practices.

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