PUBLISHED BY: Apram Singh Phone :0120-4160479 Email: pagequantum(@ gmail.com Website: www-quantumpage.cojn Delhi Office : M-23, Naveen Shabdara, Delhi-110032 © Quasrun Pace Prt. Lr. [No part of this publication may be reproduced or trancmitte in any form or by any maans, without permission. “Att Racats Resexve> Trlormation contained in this wark i derived from sources pebieved to be relizble. Every eifort has been made to accuracy, however neither the publisher nor the a1 guarantee the accuracy or completeness of published herein, and neither the publ xs} UNIT:2 : APPLICATIONS OF PARTIA a ‘shall be responsible for any exrors, omissions, or damages "ARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION! ising out of se of tis information. 2s Of aration of variables, Solution of on eae v Ee tion, Two ‘one dimensional Mathematics - IV (CC-Sem-3 & 4) 1" Edition : 2019-20 2 Bdition ; 2021-22 UD 3% Edition : 2022-23 wis 4 Edition : 2023-24 Printed at : Mayank Enterprises, Dethi-110093,Partial Differential Equations OO ~ CONTENTS 7 0 ne EEE to EE Parez j Poca at —11TU te hu i Paria 1-s9U to 1310 | 1-1 U(CO-Sem-3.& 4)Partial Differential Equations [PART-1 Origin of Parti! Diferential Bowations Lincarand | Newli saiyet iret! Bquation of First Order, Lagrange’ ie Method to Solve Linear Partia! Differential Equations. ntions by ja iterental equations of the 9 Form partial dit = nts trary constant iminating the arbitrary seep res eee] sre dally andy. Diflerentiating = partially wagrSae Schstituting for ¢ ond é in the given equation, we get spr +Pe ‘which isa partial dierential equation. a Que12. | Form partial differential equations of the equations by eliminating the arbitrary constants : oz+beatrey maa Didfbrentiating the given relation partially'w.rt x, weget etapa Again differentiating the given relation partially wrt. y, we get 0.22) ‘Mathematies—1v_ Que 18. | Form the partial ditteren ‘arbitrary function(s) from the fo 180 (CCSems & 4) tial equation by elim lowing : ae PF Differentiating = partially w.x. Pls = Syts ys er-0 g Gyr Which is a partial differential equatign, Differentiating = w.rt.x, partially, we get Fe Pee) Differentiating v.15, partially, we get “be P ay 792K) V'O) Differentiating eq, (1.3.3) partially wast ez , yas 78'S (13.4) (1.3.5) ‘plying eg. (1.3.3) and (1.3.4) we got PI= 9) VOI Y Y)azs Pq-28=0 ‘Which is partial diffe i, Given WUsing(.3.5) "rential equation, FID + gtx—in) # twice partially w.r.t, x and, wehave we ax? =P +i +e eit) (1.3.6)OF sipte sin ig ar 22 Litpte sin site “tein # Se apes ing" -it) ss a S282 Adding eq, (1.3.8) and eq, (1.8.7, weobtain © +75 29 which is a partial differential equation of second order, ‘QueiAe | Soive the following differential equations : Gta ye)p + Gt-ang=et=ay. awe] Here Lagrange’s subsidiary equations are dy-dy aye dees @-E-y-9 © W-aG-yt) Ear) have 2=dY dy-ae ‘aking the Grotto members, we have SI=G - Gd ‘whick‘on integration gives log (zy) = log 2) + loga ff... fos 22) stoga or =e 7 elma) 7 Pe y2 Similarly, taking the last two members, we obtain 2-225 From eq. (1.4.1) and eq. (1.4.2), the general solution is (z-y y=2) 4 os (gre 2s) Quel. | Solve X p+xeg=y% (18.0) AL4) (1.4.2) 15U(CO-Sem.3.& 4) Answer Rewriting the given equation as Wap + x22q = v2 ‘The subsidiary equations are ‘The first two fractions give x Integrating we get x?—52 Again the first and thira Integrating, we got x? Hence from eg. (1.5.1) de = y2dy, pe 2.5.1) fractions wive xdx = ade metab 24 60 (1.5.2), the complete sélution ig ny = fet) Que 1.6. ] Solve the partial differential equation OD) Pav 4 2) qa 200838 where p = 2 (1.6.2) and q= 2% aver] Sota '8's Subsidiary equations are Lagran, oy 1.6.1) cach fraction = aide + yP _ d-zF Se U2 Tee A-2P_e+yP ae, al solution i, ‘The general solu! ey, c)=0 2) =0. . 2 (1-2) (e+ y)) be +y2-22, (1 7 rl ¢ partial differenti: d the general solution of the parti 4, | Fin Que 1.1 =Gt quation (y+ 2)p + (+=) e ye ARTU 2022-23 Sem-4), 110 COSem3.& 4) Ore? +a, Pe Stent Meroe E atge Here auliary euatins ang = Be deal Imtorating wage 7 M08 ey) «tog Heroin t53 fe lesy ea) eype (=) Que 1.15, Solve,(mz — ny) sie - Iq = ly mx, where =e. a pr Beak, ARTU 200253 Bea ap Answer ‘Theauailisry equations are J me 1y hele yomg Using, 2 as multipliers wo Bot Each fraction = 24¢ + ydy + dz AD dy + ede 0Partial pj “rtial Differential Equations Sa ttt 1209 + 2de=9 ‘which on integration gives Again using ">, "AS ™MUltDLers, we gop Bach fraction « lle + may + nae — = Hes mdy + nde dey mdy + = . 3 Mes mays nae? > Ie 4 my tne ne, Now, again eg (115.5 60° > ade + ydy +2den 6 = Juice yays ede Sis Que 1.16. | Solve (p* +g) y= gz. - 16.0) 102,952, 2.) = (p? + g?y gz =0 ott Charpit’s subsidiary equations are dx dy__ dz _ dp _dq TBpy ~ e-Bay = 92 — pa _ Partial Differential Equations. cd ‘Mathematics —1V 113 U (CC-Sem-3 & 4) ‘The last two of these give pdp + qdq=0 Integrating Patties 2.16.2) ‘solving ea. (1.16.1) and eq, (1.16.2), basal 16.1), 80 that q= etyle pied =eineg Ae Substituting this value of q in eq. (1.16.2), we get p = dears giy= APH. 5 2 gy ede —cty dy = oF =e) de or Hence te Integrating, wet of HETH wert aorst= en vet wich isthe required complete integral Quoi? | Solve 2x2 ~ ps? 2g2y/4; ‘Anawer ‘ Let (2,942,259) = Baz ~ pat Day + p= 0 ‘subsidiary equations are». harp SEE ¢ xing Bay -p” px —Bpge gay 22 2gy” 0 dg=0 oF qua. . Sas Putting g=@ in eq. (1.17.0, we get p= 2eG=ay) de = pd $ qdy = Bea dz +ady zoay Fa Integrating, log (=—ay)= log (x?—a) + log 5 or 2~ay=B(x?~a) or 2=ay+b(x2—a) which is the required compl Que 1.18.] Solve 2 +p? + ay + 2y2=0, “Answer (0.18.1) Let (08,95 2,7,g)= 2 +p2 gy + 292 Charpit’s subsidiary equations are de dy & dp dq ~2p = y= Op sq) Bp ays 3qFrom — 7 frat a B nd fou arta Diterent lone fourth ratios, erential Equa | ‘Mathematien-IV isu Ccsemaes Substituting pag, (P@-4 or paras | —_ iC Ses) ~*ineg. (118.1), 9e “ q From the first two equations, we obtain se got eatery 4B =i the solution is OS Lt mea Then the eo ae Ha yyeta E498 den pis pty 4,9) t we choose Ma) =~ 1 and Ks) =~ 1, the solution is given slo-mden 3 terete ansiby hee reel aaiye B44 Multiplying both sides by 2) ss . 2y8 d+ Aye dy = 292 (a2) de — Ay? dy = 2y (a—s}y 2%, ‘Que BD.] Find the complete integral of the erent Integrating Dyt=—bHa-xF 94146 & " PS Sterential 9? Ux a)" +2: + y41 = 6, which is the desired solation, ‘equation (p? + q") x= pz. AKTU 2022-23 (Sem-4), Marks 10 QueLAs.] Solve the PDE z,2,~ = 0 subject to the condition “Answer S 24,9) 01. Let flay.2 Pra = Fe ghe ape 20)” 203) a of Answer fe Zt azs en Her, we have fe : Ping. pia) bane fn ‘Tne characteristic sytem aes the form fh s a hay 2 Or : Le ‘ tn. hii dubiiry equations are “a de dy de dp th ty Ph ah, Note tha 2 pif pomdtana - 9) = qa be sah oP = pit) > vi a & 4 where ¢ and d are arbi are ‘ooking for a Te 2a characteristics str eens WM) =, +4ah . dx _ dy _dz_dp_dg cquations forth = Be dodo <=” 2qr” pe —@?~ pq these give pp ada = Peg=c 1.20.2) 1.20.1) and eq, (1.20.2), q (1.20.1), sothat q= c%x/z Sebsticuting this value ofp in eq (1.20.2), we get q= V@ =e) eee de = pdx + qdy = ME=OF) Bx 2d= FE) de + ctx dy x65, ) = ef 145, 91s, 0 = ef 1-5, 218, 0 = 6% pis, =e", gls, f= et as ca ee1-16 (CC-Sem-3 & 4) Fatal Doren Ravaions Integrating, we get is the required complete integral Que 1.21,] Use Cauchy's m, first order partial diff 40,9) =siny. ‘ethod of charact. uy = 14 c08y x + bu, = flx, y) then, a= Loa fe, ot ee Then from a dary Taking xeepty ‘Taking 2"4 and $ fraction, dy du 1” Teeosy Jdu= Jas cosy) ay unyssiny+e, Let e=2(c,) Equation (1.21.1) becomes ule, y)=y + siny +alr-y) where g(x~y) is arbitrary function Now, given condition . (0, y)= siny y+siny +gi-y)=siny ey) =-y 0, us, 9) =y in yy \ Solution is given by 0.21.1) lz, y) = siny Que 1.22, | Solve the following partial differential equation by b Charpit’s method : px + gy = pq. [AKTU 2021-22 Gem-4), Marks 10 ‘Mathematics ~IV_ ATU (CCSem-3 & 4) on. By Charpit’s method, find the complete solution of PDE: px +qy-pq=0. newer] fRe.y..D.0)= is px +4y~pa a F_ cae dz. ~e~ * dx -@-q) 2a 0 ‘We have to choose the simplest integral invo = ‘es ho oe =t064 +1 speagy Paling fo pin the given equation (1.22.0, waget glx +y)= aq? fy Ror a= Now erik odye (1.222) Putting for p and’ dz = (y+ ax)de+2*® gy ads = (y + ax)a de + (y +ax) dy dz = (y + ax) (ads + dy) Tatogating —ar= © 087 . a aoe il aerainiaiabes PARTS ] ‘Solution of Linear Partial Differential Equation of Higher Order with Constant Coefficient, EEE RSI Coefficient cc oat et23, Sone he near part ferent ogg 3 ‘Mathematics —1V_ 1190 (CC-Sem.3.& 4) tay Ou 2 Ibis acas crates sndwohave sy eps et at Sg +4 SM corey, Tbisacase a" aay * 43 Plo Sai ape con +9) ES The given equatio - (Be rene on ae BaD Da e+) D-SD°D'+ 4D) u 20% whore Da 2 andD'e a a yy = peep ema] Auxiliary equation is O-x), EA +h + 2x) PIs 4 +3 apes Daw aD POX ae aa Me dud dé where PR ey Su 2. = sin e+ 7= may i= =F sinte sys 2 oe ory 2 : where f,, f; and f, are arbitrary funct Que 1.25.] Solver—as44¢= eer, e 7 “Answer” - i Given euationis 4 va sey Given equa mn in symbolie form is (D? + DD’ — 6D") z= es (x +) Symbolic form is (D®— 400" +402) 2 = t+, De 2 wane? 1s aurlary equation ism 2) 0, where m «2, where rs y cr= ramen ion is m2 m = Owhere m=—3, 2, eet "CR = fi ++ 20) Pls Sapp 1) - 6(- D7 =0 ‘The usual rule fails because (D 2D? = 0 for D = 2and D’=1, Since sD Ga aesa ees & A); Portal Diforentil Bauationg * ‘Teobtain the P, we find from (D- 207)u = e+, the solution ws [Fs,c-me)de tHe 2 ge = neta gerry Oo yne me sea and from (D— 2D) z =u =xe%+9, the solution ge fete m aye Lyi Dag, meremére ay cdy ( Yee~me nea) Henco the complete solution is 2 = fy + 22) PAL + BAK caeaeey +De = sing Auxiliary equation is mi 2m +10 Sm =1,1 » PHAG+ Dah +2) 7 = sin wp fe PEF ape Sin e+ 0) f © gape lfoma uu, ae =-sinu =~sinx Hence the complete solution is = CF+PIS fi 2) +3/y +)—sing where f, and f, are arbitrary functions, Que 127. | Solve the lincar partial differential equation oz 4 2 | ats . ~482 =4sin 2r+y), an? ata 4 Ray ‘Answer ‘The given equation is . (D8 ~ 4D°D' + 4DD)2 = 4 sin (2x +y) The auxiliary equation is m3 4m? + 4m = 0 > mim? —4m +4) =0 L210 (CC-Sem.9& 4) 0 +28) + ahhy 4 24) Fle 1 BUDD apps Ain ary) 1 . Dapp rapatats- 3] ape [=fapon ce) vee 2 ‘oath, en Hence the complete sation in > Ga eecPsPI ep®D FAO) + Ay + 20) + x74 2096. where fy fz and f, are arbitrary functions, A ‘Que F2E_] satie: are -6Ss stints ay) eater, “Answer . The given equation is (D*~1DD?~6D)p = sin (x +2y) etry Auxiliary equation is % m—~Tm-6=0 (m+) (m?-m-6)=0 = ma-1,-2, OP = ho) + fy 28) + fyy +30) 1 ~ibp =n da @Edy) 2 Pl sin (+29) gps sin +2) 1 sey, * DoppPartial Differential Equations 1-22 (CO-Sem-3 & 4) see ea Eations Pleorresponding to sin (x + 2y) 2 1 ; = preg Mein du ude, where st tysu --2 meron gg owes Pleorrespondling toe *? = 1. (eaeey Dip ~eps : 1 3p ~ 1DD* 6p =x. z 3D?= 7D © ae. Al Ae 1 BBFETOF SE) =*-3q°"” Required P= = Gon (25-88) + & ots is ++ Complete solution is 220F + Pl=fi = and fs 8 arbitrary fonction, OF =f,0) + hO+=) Me Ps a6 eed = b prc bee 2vr tens te-200 = et pp ete oppo] [Put D?=~ 1, DD’ =-2and D?=— 1, DD'=21 Ys topenteste tgaete-29)] [cos x+29)- feos x—29)] | 4 2 ‘Mathematics ~IV 1-23 (CO-Sem-3 & 4) ‘Thus, the complete solution ig ae MH 935 Hoa GegFAO] Solve sree 260 we he sven equation fr +5260 BTS. ft ae Weknow that pa Ze ate a ea fe, de akg 2S RAs + DD'-20%) 25 Fer Za CP +P =f(¥ +X) +X fY—x = fillog y + logx) +x ,{logy — log x) = flog xy) + flog Gis) = gay) +28,(9Fe) Where g, and g, are arbitrary fanetiona, ‘Que 137; Solve the partial DD +D-1) D+ wrential equation: 22 day + 2y? ARTU 2020-21 Gem), Marks 10 a tay 2 -n,0 afte tary Fanetion, & Aly —2)€* + fly = Bx)e™ Lee ee ene eee DD+D'-)(D+ap—y * ‘day + 29) Dean = Darna siosy D+sD (Desay BwOrPe Drie Dr, B23 ey. - (3? — dry 4-292) 9D* tary nay Pe G8 ay 4 29%) Mathematics —1y 1-29 (CCSem 3&4) 1 wblP toy -tetyl] “Al? got caseme - 2[F mye ay 3] Hence, compet sslation 2 = “2 “Fi e1S9 2 602-3016 12 ays Tah ny ot 3 BG oy Equations Reducible to Linear Partial Differential Et with Constant Coefficients. Que 1.38, | Solve the linear partial differential equation a He 4,2 Oe oe anit. 2 FS day Ze gay 22 fey Be mo 9 Brey Baye “~~ [ARTU 2021-22 Gem), Marka 10 ‘Answer md if a txsel,y =e¥ go that X=logx and ¥=logy andlet D= 2", Da 2 ana Puts =ely =e rs logy wees o_ then the given equation reduces'to er a DD= I < 9+ 20g 2) + xf (log y + 210g x) 927) + xf, (log y=") = 8,02") + rg ylye?? ae jae a ™ paralpe "| - palate du] where a+ AY au “real1-90U (CC-Som-3 & 4) Partial Differential Equation, ‘Hence the complete sol 25 OF +Pl=giox4) +24, x4) + 3 ays where g, and, are arbitrary functions. EEETER] sotve 208s 2ey DD'+y*D%e Let x =e%,y =e so that X Se? ond letDs aad a a (OW ~1) + 2D" + DD’ =; 2 P+ 2DD'+ Dp De = ent oar = Ws, Y-H sex) = f,(log y —l0g2} + xf, log y— log x) wee ate) n(n) 4 Ne carer I" Oy DDS - 1 exten ineminen—D a inemymzn—D Hence complete solution is 7=OF+PI = By) + xgyfy/e) 4 —__27y" a0 nod (m+n)(m+n-1) where g andg, ate arbitrary functions, ‘Mathematies— ry ‘Quetag]] Solve: sists peo gynlogs, ‘Answer Lotz =e%y <0, 1-81 (CC-Sem-3.& 4) rate ‘Sothat X =log.rand ¥=logy andlet D = fumed, then the given equation reduces to Woy DD aso = Dax wteia.g homogeneous linear partial differential equatigo, with constant coefficients, a or ae AW and Pleat ine udu Fa whore Xeu A & zs = = fe auvie Hence solution to eg. (1.40.1) seApplication of Partial Differential Equations and Fourier Transform eee : ~ CON’ TENTS ee ees ‘art-1_ 1 Method of Separation art-2 : Solution of One Dimen: 2180 to Heat Equation, Wave Ex nae 0.8 a0 wes: ve BOROU to 247U. rt-4 1 Complex Fourier Transform, Fourier Sine Transform, Fourier Cosine Transform, Inverse Transform, Convolution Theorem ~ 2470 to 2-530 ~ 2-68U to 2-540. 2-1 U(CC-Sem-3 & 4) 2-2U (COSem3. 4) APrlication of Partial Differential Equations Que 2A,” | Classity the following partial differential equation 2d 4 ot, nat) Sa Bay Synz a aeF 55-9 EE 2200, Answer 2o2 a #2 4 2) Pay SS sy) 220 ast 5g AIS Bon ‘On comparing above equation with deal form uy Ou oo (sya 24,20 rb 0s, y, 0H OL fat ay Cae tt nS Ax (1=2), Ba=2y C= (1-79) BIG ACE 2597-40-24 9) Faeht ay? ata YOY DR abt de ayt eae aD, t =4atey-4 A For hyperbolic: B2~ 44C> 0, forx 2 1or¥21 or both x,y 21 For elliptical : B= 44C < 0 for and y <0/ For parabolic : B?~ 4AC= 0, for any of. a he ean 1 given that z = 0 when x = 0 and 2.0 when yeo. er Answer j y=lando Or gt A221) =X) Yo) Let ion ofx only and Y is a function of y only where X is a functiorewe fe Ox oy ey” ey From given eq. (2.2.1), = Che sc ( ai @,) hittis - RADIA, (2.2.2) Putting 2=0whenz=0 By % rrr, : = Fromeq (2.2.2, = p(t ze Che + (4siny ols ee &s) (22.3) 1 = ke* (Asin (rinse) Putting =0y=0 On ke“ O+ 0) Ble Ble 2 From eq.(22.3), z= #a-e*)(Leiny) yraaiyet | fo) = ¥ bina 2} ain 82) teh IPO Eorsine(*)s0( 82) C= 0, C,=0, yao | 3t nsianl’ a meea Os (Not posite sinh!) = 2f pypin( 92 Cascit; 1 2X 128" i basinal 8) = Ff be 1 ¥ gt F loay) cease 23a) trian At 55 cama( IR hs, w= Eaea( Spal) at | is given byeg 23.4) Wve by method of separation of variable for PDE SH 00, ute, 0) = tee Gx 3 Thus, At From eq. (2.3.2),x ste ons ga | sselccmmake perro ak | cere eka ns tint a7 8 i 'z . Ho 2oex® ear Kha / a “mn % x3 | fue PX _yyn On integrating, we got 2. Samar From the given equatien, woke bevbee erect Sar aaa = (k= - = k-Dey Cet On comparing 5 cette? Tog Y= Gey lo (2.64) wets) a rae ©\0,= 4 ana ty Hence from eq. (2.6.1) . hn grin kang Putting the value of 0, and ©4244), wo got “i ues, y)= ge $0,205 (25.6) |] Soive a olve the PDE. by, pe of Variables method, rom eg (25.5) snot general 4 Ux, 0 = ECC, A250) ou 252) (22) x tee 20.6, Finefee 29U (CCSem3.& 4) Mathematiee-IVO 0 ‘Comparing the coefficients, we get bye, k-2=0 2C,C,Vk = 1, h=2 1 oc os dyeah, b-2=-3 20,0,k = 14h==1 : oc 2 Hence from eg (2.5. the particular solution is 1 gl -_-\, Ine Wace = Feet) LE ene wa 1 . = ube, 9)= he sinh VBx¢ in x 4o.2)- pane Solve by the method of separation of variables, the heat = ua, 0 0 subject to the initial and bound: fonw'ute O25. ueo outed Soe ay ‘ARTU 2022-28 Sem-a), Marks 10 ule, ‘Answer Given, the heat equation Ups ty, 0 (2.61) Subject to the initial and boundary conditions =0 (2.62) (2.63) which, after dividing by XT and expanding gives rox T.sx" implyingthat = Meat, a-aax, wheres constant, From {2) and the boundary conditions, XO=MD=0 Integrating the X equation in(2.65) gives ris tothrécasesdepeatns onthe sign of where 1 =H for some eaptant Fieaphectie ama wre havea the solution, Uo) = inh +e, Imposing the boinday cnaiions chews that eysinOey6080"0,6,sin bt eon ee woeet = 0,6, sink=0-58=0,9,28, nm 0.69) 210U(CC-Sem-B&4) Application of Partial Differential Equations whore n is an integer. Fror MH = 6, siving the solution where we have set c,¢,=6,- Using the inital condition gives UG, 0) = 4-28 Sb, inne At this point, we recognize that we have a Fot the coefficients 8, are chosen euch that ‘WueRT | soivel tne following partial dittrential equation by using method of separation of variabl . 7 24 2 (4,0) = 0,545) 9) 0, 2(0,y) =4 sin dy. By ‘ARTU 2021-22 (Sem-3), Marks 10 “Answer ww Applying the method of separation of variables, let = Xx) Yi). Putting, this with given equation, we get "2 00r Xa ELK (aco XY XY" = 00r Fr =- P= Kweonstand. X_neoand CeK=0 Case: K=Oihen we getX = and Hence 2 =k=-2 Put value of C, and fina. 2 u (x, f) = (10-6 er) e#- ~ Que 29. | Solve the partial differential equation by the method of ae separation of variables 4% % - 3y, given that ¥='5e7 ~ e*, paration of Varahlés 4 % + 5 = au, givenstling whenr=0. [ARTO 2022-25 (Sem-4), Marks 10 Solving Oninegatog pst= B+ tg 6, r=,‘Mathematics -1V. 213U (CCSems.e 4 _—_—es||s,Ss}, OO een gy aa i Sehing a-ak E =3-x On integrating, log ¥ = (3-Kly + og C, > ¥= Ce ue, 9) = C, Cy eB 8-BY ‘Solution of One Dimensional Heat Equation, Wave Equation. SSS eo Que 210. | Find the deflection u(x,t) ofa | ty stretched vibrating Free mmbtlenath that is initially at rest and whoseinitial position be 2 vias bata gene Lintan,0 £2 1 Answer Given wave equation is, (210.1) nly and T is a function of t only. 2ASU(CCSem3&4) Application of Partial Differential Equations er Ox xe ene Separating the variables, 12K LPT ey) xa rae Bx = Sana? +e 7-0 m= 2kandm=seki X= C, coke +C, sin be T=Cycosokt+C,+sinakt J. ‘Thus y =(C, cos hx + C, sin kx) (C, cos alt + Cy: ‘The boundary conditions are, 42.102) 1g Y oyasinar+ Lyin (amy +2 ye, $F (Gen +E Froméeq.(2102), Now S~C, site ade, +akC,cos.akt) = ah Cy sia (CC, sin alt + C,cos okt) =o 0 0=akC, sinkC) zo From eq. (2.10.3), y= C,sin kz C, cos okt y=A,sinkx-cosakt (-C,C,=A,) (2104) Potz=1,y=0ineg (2.104) 02 A, sin k- cos aht sink=0 hens Fromeq.(2.10.4), ¥ =A, sinlns) cos (anzt) (2.105)ee ees 218 (CO-Sem4.& 4) Ly, 1 Novw.t= 0 y mein need sin tes) + 2 sin (Om ’ 3 ine) + 2 sin 6x0) DA, sin (nee) = sin ne +} sin nn + 3 sin Gra) 4,= 4 andn=1,3,5 Hence the required solu is from oq. (2.10.5) 1 3 = sin (12) 05 (anne) for 43s GWHEETE] sotve completely ene cauation 23.2 24x i : * at = evening the vibrations ofthe stringotlengthd tic no Given that y(0, 1) = 0 179 =0.96.0)=fte) and (20) 20; 0x, Let Where X is a function 64.2.1.) = GER Th leay) 3) X= aX X"-2X=0 (2.11.4) When & is negative and & =~ p2, say X= C,cos pe +C, sinps T=C,cos Cpt +C, sin Cpt ¥=(C, cospx + Cy'sin pr) 1 €08 Cpt +C, sin Cpt) “(2115) ‘aust be periodic function of x and t, ¥ 6 0)= (C; e0s px + Cy sin px) (C, cos Cpt + C, sin Cpt) ‘Now applying boundary conditions that y= Owhen.x = 0 andy =0when x=, we got 0 = C, (Cy cos ept + C, sin Cpe) (211.6) 21GU (CO-Sem-3.& 4) Application of Partial Differential Equations 0 (Cy onl + C,sin pd (Cos Cpt +C,sin Cp ~(241.7) ‘have C, = 0 and eq-(2.11.7) reduces to C,sin pl (C, cos Cpe + C, sin Cpt)=0 ple nnorp =" where n #128; A solution of wave equation, rae 7 = (2400s, where ©,0,= 0, andC,C,=0, 92 Zoe ee BE, sin OY ain y=0,(cson ens) Applying initial conditions y = fiz)and al = 0, wheret = 0. we have fel= Sa, sin BE F mC, jane Ty end om FCs, sin EN cana 2a From eq(2:11.10) by =0, forall Hence eq:2.11.8) reduces to y= Soy cos At sin ME 2.1.13) where a, is given by eq, (2.11.12) when fix) ie.,ylx, 0) is known. Qu Find the displacement of a finite string of length L that released from rest with an splacement ftz). Let the equation ofthe string beMathematics—IV 217U (CC-Sem3 & 4) —a ITC Sema ay Gu _ og Fu ee uexT Afe_ 1 or _ ip Kee” Or oF Iwill satisfy the given differential equation X= C, cos ke + C, sin he T= C, cos KCt+C, sin kCt 4 = (C, cos kx + C, sin hx) (Cy 60s het + C, i } 2.1 According to given conditions, Wl0, 0) = wh, 1)=0 lx, 0) = fix) =0 App'ying wl 12.0,C,=0 42 bin ke A, con kCtB, sin hCe) tB-12.2) whore, 662A cc- 8" Aphyietice, “uth, B20 ie SE Z ue sin (82 (2ace inate on (EE) [a en 2H) 0, n(21)] eu) ant! (8 “ Ct ante +B, cos ACE ier Applying From oq. (2.12 218U(CC-Sem-3&4) Application of Partial Differential Equations Pr Av 2 if resin (=) de 212.5) a fs given by eg, (212.4) where A, is given by eq. (2.12.5). Qu Write the solution of two dimensional wave equation. Anewer,; Equation of two dimensional wave is given by x St. oH) of, ono ¥ "The boundary conditions are ul ule,y, 0) = fy) (2) gs ae 7 atu =XG) Yo) 1'W isa eolution of og, (2.19.1). Differentiating partially wort,x,9, and and putting the values in eq. = Case i: When ‘Where Ws rh X= C,coskyx + C,sinkyt, ¥=Cyconky +C,sinkyy and T=, coshCt + Cysin RCE ‘Thus ts =(C, cose + Cysin Bs) (C, cos hy + C, sin ky) (Cy cos RCt + Gy sin AC (219.2) Lex pl PY yong OT Kat by at 8" oop oFMathematics ~ IV. 219U (CC-Sem-3.& 4) —_—_—V ie Sem 8 8 4) Baked Where, Istolution is given by WCE eA NCC AC MNCSIM 4 Cy HO) (0.19.5) E9127 12 Case iii: When 1 ; SF 2 0 ASP ang 1 PP Ya? OF a ~° Its solutions PHONG + CVC EC) —.12.18.4) Solution of two dimensional wave equation is given by eq. (2.13.2), Apply boundary condition (i) to eq. (2.13.2) e oc, Fromeg. (2.15.2), = CysinkyxlCy cos sy #C, sin yy C, cos ACE +C,sin ko) 213% at ¥=0,u=0 i O° Gysin aly com ay + Cain bay cost Gg sin KCO) sina = 0 = sin mix ja From eq. (2.13.5), = Cysin TE (C, 208 hy + C, sin ky) (C, cos AC + C, sin Ct) (2.136) Now at y=0,u=0 Fromeq. (2.13.6), = 0-6, u = Cysin AEE Cy sin hy y(Cycos ACt+Cysin BCt) (2.18.7) At y=b,u=0 , sin k,b = 0= sinnx y= BE fa From eq. (2.13.7) w= OC, sin a sin a (CscoskCt + Cy sinkCt) (2.13.8) or w =sin( sin fom (Ann cs ACE By sin AC!) @ 6 220U (CCSema.& 4) [Now apply initial condition (), Application of Partial Differential Equations fa) a(*22) 4 tne 22 EPreonso( sal") dedy asa) Differentiate eg. (2.18.8) want. t, 89) ACA sin ACE ACB. cos HCH au a t= 0 agen a ats, 9) =hosin( 22) (2) tn x ACB ag = 22 (2 e(as)sin( i YY, (2.18.19) 'is given by eq. (2.13.8) and the Solution of two dimensional wave values of ,,,, and B,,, are given by 09. (2-13.8) and eq. (2-13.10), ‘Que 2.14. | Find the temperature distribution ina rod tlenigth 2m whose end points are fixed at temperature zero, . ee 8) Now EO ae Saas ge 0 (221.4) 4s= Diane B= 2 2px hp Y0sin za = 2 Sos nx _ ~2u [ay — Thus from eq. (2.21.4), tL [ees 1 us Oy tee sinne 2 2.29,)] Solve the ‘Laplace equation in the 2y-plane, 0 < y 7 *Saando boundary conditions wis 0) Oyu at i tho following and u(0, y) =0, u(a,y) =, fo). (2.22.1) Let u = XY, where X is a function of x only and Y is a function of y only. y , Ou Sy7K a ax? Pu ey and SxS From eq, (2.22.1), pex ey vor xt =o 1x ay X ax® ~ ¥ ay? 12x _10Y Casei: “Fa Pg? ow 1ex 4 X at © Lovee sad ror” X= Cyx+CyV=Cyy + Cy y=0,¥=0 => C,=0 A y=, Y=0 > C20 2-92U(CCSem2&4) Application of Partial Differential Equations F ¥=0 Thos, unXY= xo wo (oot posibe) 1x _iéy et: PX IPY yay Case ii Fat "Poet oy) FX ax oo @ and Savy «0 X= C, cos kx + Cy sin ks, YEE NOY © yoo reo ‘Thus, us Cie +Cre™ Cy sin ae (2.22.2) AL <0, u=0 O= (+O sin From eq. (2.22.2), 2c ein 2D ae zoel )sin’ 5wisi anean a teeee ee eke ns 2880 (CO-Sem.3 @ 4) o> Sal EF) fon i (2.22.3) Let b= 30.6 » Ae x54, u=fy) From eq. (2.22.3), “b “aaah Thus, fy Sbcsinn( aa") (222.4) 6 é where &, is given by oq. (2.22.4) Que2.23; |'In a telephone of wire of length J, a steady voltage distribution of 20 volts at the source endand 12 volts at the terminal end is maintained. At time ¢ =, the terminal is grounded. Assuming L=0,G=0, determine the voltage and current where symbols have their usual meanings. ‘Answer ‘The telegraph line equation is ev ov oY. rc® at Fy 2 v5 (2.28.1) a” RC a Here, V, = Initial steady voltage satisfying ov ev oF no 20) V, = 20+ Boe, saa ac saci ZMU(CCSem-3&4) Application of Partial Differential Equations $$ mri of Partial Differential Equations Y= m-Seeve0 te0)= 20-8 Tees actne lia agit ses cit eecinees 29-20" (2.28.3) visto Vins 20-25 Sera gal ME)". Putting ¢=0, Viz, O)ie given by eq. (2.23.2) From eq. (2.23.4), 20-85 : 20-75 Sci - 20 24, yyy Re(mm) nme 7 di 2 Bay Beare tut ne cog Eo 1 di 20524 net got HR oa( $l 7 On integrating matte 20t , 2427 RC ily FRC egg( 7) , fa BOE, AEROS ype co) +A Ate=0,1=0,A=0servieceese setattetintnsttin —_| cof) 2 ILC. b Applying the boundary conditions oq, (2.24.5) in eq, (2.24.7), we get 4650) wig ot, 0)mey sin C= Dandp= "5, being an integer RandG ; ; 7 te 2: Bq (2.24.7) becomes ‘Are negligible, transmission line equations becones = 6,1in (jo take se) ea 3 . =O, sin (6, cos at aaa “ (2.241) atta sine) : : or e= sin (A coo 74 es) Pe Re ann 1 4 (2.24.1) partially wrt x and 1, Boe mat is tet) M2248) (2.24.4) = Owes gg. atmn <0 “a ion of eq. (2.24.3) where Xis a funetion of x only and xT and 2. x Fi in ™ con XTand £f =x7 fence, e=eqsin = cos we oe 8 TILE 24.9) T = LCXT* aay -itt. & xe ge ing the variables == LC 7” - — y* (say) Ba 188 cag © ogg x r 7 aL TT Ee leads to the ordinary differential Integrating w.rt.t, regarding x as constant wm NIC =0an fn - 2 0g NEE gin He rn UT eT h@) (2.249) X= C, cos pr +, sin peMathematics —1y Acteaate Ty 2-870 (CO-Sems & 4) where x) is an arbitra Sinco i ig when (a naty Constant function, From ogre! = 0, wo have f= 0/3) oft 298U(CCSemS-4&4) _ Anplicationof Partial Dilfrontia Equations we have why i | Wi, = 0=C,sinpl (0, con Pe + 6, xin Pt be he, {Econ ™ win tt ve ( Wai a) Say LON Sin re = sing = 0=sin n(n 6D we 2.25. | Solve ZY 16 0°V | nx det "LC Spr Assuming that the initial voltage ig ats Vosin ® 5 y, Hence, from ey, (2.25.3 0 3 Vilxg) = O nnd Va Oat thee mt i the ends.x = 0 and.x=1 for alls Ve Cyn [come + Cusine] (2.254) Wg me gg Me at ant Ww, sin ™{_¢, sin HFG, sin we Orfest | Soe hag tre Ate, 0-0, sin * NTE = cy=0 Fence from en (2.35. V= 0,0, sin 2 con AE 2255) T NEE Vix, 0) = Vysin © 3¢,¢, sin » = 30,0, sin“ Comparing, we get C,C,=Vyandn=1 Hen equited solution is BE ogg Bt =LV, sin = 008 7 een TIE ¥ Hence, Que d26,| Determine the solution of one dimensional heat au _ tu 7 equation & 2 where the boundary conditions are u(0, &) = 0, a1 . ry Boundary conditions are a ud, =0, (t>0) and the initial eondition u(x, 0) =Ssin = :Tbeing the Vio, 1) = 0= Vi. ‘ART 2021.22 (Sem-4), Marks 10 length of the bar. ‘Equation of heat is one dimension is given by 1g conditions on eq. (2.25.2), we get w=XW)TWxD nex an © Poze iv ler Og ee Ee Hoey X= Cy cose +C, sin ke and r = Ge" 4 =(C, cos kx + ¢, sin kx) Cye* 2 “ a Given, boundary conditions are u({ =a ae Put W(O, £) = 0 in eg, (2.26, O= Ce C=0 From eq. (2.26.1) «= CC, sin ke" u=A, sinkxe* (2.26.2) Apply ull, 1)= 0 O=A, sinke** sintk=0 aett 7 From eq. (2.26.2) (2263) Pat nn uz, 0) = CF)=r@ in (28 or fx) = YA, sin () Multiply both side by sin (™™) and then integrating w.r2-xbotween the limits x = 0 tox=1 fr sin (2 de = 2400 (CO-Sem3.& 4) Application of Partial Differential Equations een rtralcation of Partial Differential Equations Given, fix) = Bein TPAU CCS e 29, 6237] Ural the station of bapa equation Zt 4 eubject ty the beundary con 0 wd whe, 1) 0 fx, [aur Anower | 2) = ule, wy 4), Warkes 16) M22 Bern. BLT) Cp ey 227A) 3 etey PeviccSenses) Aptian anil Dial tone ja oe col me nese: Went C=-C, Son when ED, sin nian (22 Gao 2B, | Solve the equation IC, cos 3z = Cain al Ie 220k 12275) oes = Osubject to the boundary conditions, (0,7) =ull,y) «ule, 0) =O and utx,a) =xin 2. AETU 2020-21 Gem 5), Marks 10 2281—hematics — py 2480 (COSemae 4 * 4°) (€5c0mpy + e,sin py) £4 8in px) (6707 $ eye) WY +e) (x, 0)=0 Gy, a) = sin n/t ‘Using eg. (2.28.5) and eq. (2.28.6) in eq. (2.28, 2), we get 61 +e = 0, and eye"! + eye ag, Solving these equations, we go €, = Owhich lead to tri Similarl hy tare ch lead tot by ust €4 (228.3) becomes u = sin pies” + eye) 28.6), we have c, sin pl (oye + eye) = Eitheres=0 or sinpl=0 TEwe take c, = 0, we get a trivial solution, Thus sin pl = 0 when pl = nx or p = n: Eq. (2.28.9) be Using 4. (2.28.7), we 0= gsi all where n= 0, 1,2, (eye + ege-" 9) (2.28.30) ll ey + eQDie., 05 = ey ‘Thus the solution suitable for this problem is 244U(CCSem3&4) Application of Partial Differential Equations Uz, 9) =, sin BE (erort—e- nH) whereb, = cee, Now using the condition oq. (2.28.8), we have Gz, a) = sin 2 =), sin 2 (ert _e-neaty, iat Acstring isstretched and fastened to two points/m apart. placing the string in the form u(x, 0) =A sin = tromwhich tis relemedat time «0, Show that thedisplacement of any point at a distance x from one end at time t is given by u(x, f) in = con 3 Asin con 2; aaa) ‘The equation of string is given by ‘AKTU 2021-22, 2022.23 (Sem-3); Marks 10 (2.29.0) Since, the string is stretched between the two o, hhence the displacement of the string at these point (2.29.2) and = (2.29.3) Since the string is released from rest hence its initial velocity will be »® coatee - B oate=o (2.29.4) Since, the string is displaced from the initial position at time ¢= Ohence the initial displacementis given is yx, 0) = Kein (2.29.5) are the boundary conditions fe equation (2.29.1), y=XT (2.29.6) ee—ematies — ty "ina function of ¢ only 17 x" Case 1:1 TX" aT xX Auxiliary equation is given by m*+a*p?=0 m= xapi OF =, cosapt+e,sinapt PI=0 CF = c, cosapt +e, sinapt T= CE +P = ¢,cosapt _ 2-45 U (CC-Bem-1.& 4) EBV iCo-tem-2.a 4 A229.) (229.8) 2-4GU(CC-Bem-B& 4) Application of Pertia Differential Rquations ‘Auxiliary equation is m? - ta = 0= 1m # x pa Ca eget vege Pia cee cg a i eF 2X axe fx px-0 oP ‘Auxiliary equation is m-p'=0=m=2p Cie seg Piso ee mee A wy . ont cg wits) 22030 xe a x ee x ex XL oan = sen) (229.1) eral solution of one-dimension wave ion (2.28.1), Sic, cos apt + sin opthe, cs ps +c, sin px) ing the boundary condition, SO = te, cosapt + sinapte, = 0 From (10) yx, 0) = (€,c08 apt +, in op ‘Again, now using the boundary conditions, ‘a #) = O= (6, cosapt +c, sin ap = ‘inpl = O= sin nxn eD (2.29.13) Hence from (13),247U (CC-Sem.3.g. 4 wees (, nna nT sin BE) 7 = 0 From 19), 90,0) =c,ejcos 4 gin RE ad v T (2.29.15) (x, 0) = fesin = ec, sin 2 where Qecknal di Hence from = eos BE 9g i ce from (18), x,t) = eos sin ™ whichis required solution, PART-4 Complex Fourier Transform, Fourier Sine Transform, Fourier Cosine Transform, Inverse Transform, Convolution Theorem. Que 2.0. ] Find the Fourier transform of the following function fix) = 1-24, if || <1 and fis) =0, if |x| > 1. ‘Answer FUG) = Fs) = ["e"flods = fe" x4) Fis) = Stain ss.coss) Now using inverse Fourier transform Lr 4 ei a PUB =/6)= ZI Ains-seose A = 2 Wins = $089) cose isin sds 248U(CC-Sem-8&4) Application of Partial Differential Equations Pe)» Af (SBF F**) cos ards 1 Putz= 3 Gy = fpsegtaton( se [fESSETHIOS cos Ede = aus ‘The Fourier transform of a function fx) i given by 1 peoee Fo= Ef poet ae Suberitaing the vale off), we'get Lp LRT 2 Roe Before BLT = eG 2 tae 1 asinsa_ sin oa! “Vans 7m Vins x ‘GeoHSE|] Find the Fourier transform ofthe folowing function defined for a> Oby fit) =€ peel Given, f= eo Now first we need to ind the Fourier transform of e“? Now, As)=FIRo)= f foe ae ( poze sdt=ds Psst le unser) {+o dea J)| 2H0U(CC-HemS& 4) Application of Partial Differential Equations So for Fouri | = ra aol] (On multiplying and divi Re) = PY aay » “H(4) ener reste Jenne (Using eq. (2.82.1), ‘Quezas.] Fe-sn) = EB or, by changing the varibleotunctin, weet find Fourier sine tanstorm of Rese [Fee newer ‘Que 2.33)] Find the finite Fourier sine transform of foro fe=xizis)inO 0 when the end x = 0 is maintained at zero temperature and the initial distribution of temperature is f). ‘Let u(z, t)be the temperature at point x at any time ¢, Heat flow equation is ‘Taking Fourier sine transform of eq, (2.9.1), we get 0 OU ape ou. [pSbsinpide 2 of Stsin pe ae i), pr) =- cpa (using (u),.» = 0} (2.39.4) (2.39.5) Fromeq, (2.39. From eq. (2.39. ‘Now taking its inverse Fourier sine transform, we get ue, t= Tipe sin px dp Que 240. ] Solve one dimensional wave equation given bY aot ate" ax" 2-54U(CC-Sem-34& 4) Application of Partial Differential Equations = [Lpeowtae=[erpe], -[Liserftende Assuming that f(s) -» 0280 = ~isf epee =-is Fix) r{] a eu a } | = a> PR eaia-eu) ay ae ‘anaform both’ sides of wave equation;‘we have mare) Peto.) md order ordinary differential equation for u er 240.8) 40.2) bas different values of C, and C,, ‘To find u(e), we now take inverse Fourier: transform of 9. (2.40.), if ua, 0= fume tas (a= pf ox = Erne +goem teas dsStatistica] 1 Overview of Measure of Centr: + Regression Anal Techniques-] ~ CONTENTS 3-20 to S100. ‘Tendency, Moments, Skewness, Kurtosi + Curve Fitting, Method of Least.........8-10U to 3-18U Squares, Fitting of Straight Lines, Fitting of Second Degree Parabola Exponential Curves S-18U to 3-210, 3-210 to 3-280 Regression yonxandzany 3-1 U(CC-Sem-3& 4) 9-2U (CC-Som-3 & 4) Statistical Techniques-I PART. Overview of Measure of Central Te "Moments, Skewness; Kurt ce ‘Que ] te est four momentsof adistribution about tho value Gof the variables are~1.5, 17,~80 and 80, Find moments Hy By Hy He Spout mean Also find b, 30d By ma) Marks 10, A=4 ‘Moment about the mean, 1580.06 * 3208.05 Ki Js whether the distribution, ifplotted on a graph would give ‘usa normal curve, acurve more flat than the normal curve, or more peaked than the normal curve.Metenate NY ___ #8 €c-semaa Numerical: | = 07, 44218.71 Coofficiont of skewness 0.09136 (+ ve) ‘The distribution is posit Kurtosis (p,) = Hy - 18.71 _ Fat 729906 <3 ‘The distribution is platykurtic, QueS.3, || Find the MG. of the random variable X having the following probability density function x Osxsl Fo)= |2-x Isx<2 0 otherwise ‘Also find mean and variance of X. ‘Answer Moment generatin, note fea dee fogseat Now 3-4 U (CC-Sem-3& 4) Statistical Techniques-1 Mean = 2=V, = 1a 1 jance = us = V; + are weve Fg Quo GA. | The first four moments of a distribution about x=4 are 1,4,10 and 45, Calculate the moments about the mean and comment upon the skewness and kurtosis of the distribution, OR Compute skewness and Kurtosis, if the first four moments of frequency distribution about the value 4 of the variable are 1, 4,10 and 45. (AKTU 2021-22 (Sem-4), Marks 10 siy'=4yy'= 10 and y= 45,2= 4 20, Pad Ped-1=9 Cocfficiont of skewness: = Meno By rad Cocfticient of tosis: : My. = 28. 0.88 <8): curveis platykurtic. a F ‘ Qued5,_| Find all four central moments and discuss skewness and also Karl Pearson skewness for the frequency distribution given below : TangeotExpending doovmonth | 2-4 [4-6 | 6-8] e-10 | 10-12 No.ofFamilies = [oa | wo |e | o el ‘Moments about mean are given byrie Sf(z-A) ¥ 1000 = ~9.036 pala a 3-6U(CCSem3& 4) Statistical Teehniquest vp_ Yen AP _ 3728 mae ~ 000 7878 coe MERAY _ 1344 2 f= AN _ 35455 Hoe SF ~ 000 7 HH = SSE = “p99: = 35-456 Central moments are given by’ ny=0 bg= Hg = 8:728—(-0.0367 = 3.7267 By MySay a? = 1544 -918-728) (0.098) +24 0.036) = 1.944 +0.402624 ~0.000090812 a= 17585 Bee Ket Git yt = 85.455— S134) (0036) 6:2.728)(- 0.096? =3(- 0.038) = 95.456 + 0.03585 0.028988 5.0968 10 y= 85.685 Coctcient of skewness, = HE wt pecs Oo azar? J Py = 0.0589 (positive) ra _ 855786 e707 -urveis platykurtic, ‘Measure of Karl Pearson's skewness is given by Mean = 4+ Sf(@—A) ¥ a7 £20 = 7+ 29 5.964 N 1000 ee) Median = 1+ 2—— j= 642. x2 7 a? = 6+0437x2=6874ine S7UCOSomaay Standard Deviats = 8-8U(CO-Semd 4) Statintial Toehniquee-t Deviations.) . (eat { ant z | Yee oe (DA) pa (168 ¥ ) vgn (ZH) y ~(184) w-5.0 = [828 (-0¥ jn (DM) cM ge ay w= (Ope) ca = Dy . z *) 4.2100 \S728=O.001286 = /ETHE = 1.990 i neo (ZAP) a BB aeeate Karl Pearson's coefficient Of skewness = 3Mean- Median) | Moments about mean: ‘SD er) 5, = 36.964-6.874) By ty! —Hy?= 6.56—(.2402 1.930 a My = Hs —Suy' ay’ + 2% 027 = 1182-366. §,= 027, «= 7939 ~ 1598 Hee edi! . Since S,>0 = 176-4 (6.56) (0.247-3(0.20 ~. Distribution is positively ckewed. = 167.197 Que 3.6. | The following table represents the height ofa batch of is Coefficient of skewness, 6, = UE 100 students. Calculate skewness and kurtosis : w Height (in em) {59/61 |63/ 65 [67)60)71[73[75. [0] 2] 6/20 |s0)20) 6| 21 2 2 (6828448) _ 9 165 216.5024)" Hence, the curve is positively skewed, [ Ro. of students | aoe Coeflsient of kits, y= Mt = 3.9544> eight! Nowot fu= os ee ee es Hence the distribution is leptol (em) =| student f Que 3.7. | Calculate the first four central moments about the mean 59 | | 0 0 } e ofthe following data % er | | 18 162 : a | wa alt fia 2| s3|4[s5[6 fale [2] | | | 3 |e fa wwo8Skane ‘ABTU 2021-22 (Sem-3), Marka 10Moments about mean 20 Ma tym? 2 By = Hy — Sg Hy By ~ 4p =i Que3s. | First four moments about 2 are 1, 2.5, 5.5 and 16 spectively. Find the first four central moments, m jin and coefficient of skewness, —— S-10U (CCSem3.& 0 Statistical Techniques 1, nl #25, nj =5S5and w= 16,A=2 = Hy 4 Hy + 6H Hy? — Suit 6445.5 x14 6x 250R—3 x(t = 16—22+15-3=6 Moments about, origin, PART-2 ing, Method of Least Square, Fitting of Straight Lines, ng of Second Degree Parabola Exponential Curves. Qui Use the method of least squares to obtain the normal equations and fit the eurve for y= 2 +6,1F tothe following table of values: ] [= [er [ox [or [os [i [2 ra 718] [6 Anewer Normal equations tthe curvey =F are424264 5 aaasee SI2U(CCSem3 & 4) = 3.26182 ed equation of curve is Larsen on Que 9.10.] Using the leant square method fit @ second degree polynomial from the following datu : =] °lil2]spa]*s] 6 y | 20] 105] 100] a0 | 20] a0 | 7505 [a0 4+9,28182/z) y cy Also, estimate y at x= 6.5. Let a second degree polynomial, y = ax? + bx +e ‘The normal equations for the given polynémial are given as follows : Bely= Let bE eae! By=ne+bEx+aSe? Sx = ale! + 6x2 + oe curve pu’ = Kto the following data: (mikevew [08 [2 [38 | 2 [BB] 1620 [1000 | 720" [ 50 520 | 40 | lie x} log v= tog K-Hiogp wm Y2A+BX 1 Where Y=iogv, X=logp, A= fee and B=-S13 COSem g a 3.20952, = 0.96616 0 0.17% 3 out? | asrs0e | soca” agutes | gagane | 90027 Toso O47 1.27046 "the values in normal equations, we get 1725579 = a + 1051158 3196 = LOSLIS A+ 5 On solving, we gee 188 = LOSS A + 0.598805 8 A= 299911 and B=-0.70293 toad "=" 5" o70a88 log = 7A = 4.26629 K = antilog (4.26629) = 18462.48 Honee required curve is pu! = 18462.48, =1.49252 ‘ue 3.12, ] Determine the least square approximation of the type ax" + br cto the function 2, at points x, «0,1, 2, 3,4, Anower] Here y= nar +orse | Normal equations for the given eusve are, Byal = alst + Ee 4 etd Byx = aE? + bie? + oe | By = abe?s bie me (ere m=5) Table ofvaluesis, | S-14U (CO-Sem-3.& 4) Statistical Techniques-I a= 1.143, =-0.971 ande = 1.286 y= Lidde— 0.9712 + 1.286 Que 3.19, ] Fit a parabolic curve of second degree to the following 2 3 4 13 256s. ‘AKTU 2022-29 (Sem-3), Marka 10 offitbey=a+bx+ex? By = ba + bE + ote! Bay = ake + bet +R Eely = abe? + bie + ort) (3.18.1) Bowe ol ~ | 2 ojo 0 1 18 18 16 26 52 a 15 | “225 256 | 252 4100.8 feet = 354) By = S7.a| Eee 130.9 =a asa | o 0 0 0 | 1 2 1 1 4 16 8 16 9 n 21 al 16 | 256 64 256 Ee? = 30] 593? = 346 | = t00 Ex! = 954] Substituting the values in normal equations, we get =" 12.9 5a + 10b +30 ‘er 37.1= 10a+80b + 1006 130.3 = 30a + 1008 + 3546 On solving, we get a= 1.42, =—1.07, c= 0.65 Substituting the value of ab and cin Equation (1) we get y= 142-107 + 0.58%? Using the method of least square fit a curve of the form ab" to the following data : 4 5 | 6 331 | 652 | i274 AKTU 2020-21 Sem), mal equations, we get 1006 + 30¢ 98 = 1000 +305 + 10¢ 31 = 300+ 108 + 5¢ logy = loga +x logQue3.15.] Fit « second degree parab: CSem-3 eA) Statistical Techniques-T changes the aqua to the curve = Seles ‘ARTO 2021-22 Gem-A), Marks 10 G to theeurvey =ege+ Ge ve 1 fem (y+, Daye Tyr Cy+ Cy De Dove = GUase +e,Substituting the value in normal equation we get 80 = C,+21.5130, (3164 92.843 = 4.4350, +0, Solving eq. (3.16.1) and (3.16.2) y= 6.636 and C, = 3.410 Hence the required equation of curve is 3.410 = 66965 + , NE for the following data | Answer | ye abe log y = log a + log 5 2 = log, y, A =log, 4, B = log, 5 yoAtBe 3-18 U (CC-Som-3 & 4) ‘Statistical Techniques-I (=e Telogy. =e [3 172.8 | 2.23754 9 6.71262 [- 4 207.4 | 2.31659 16 9.26636 ls 2486 | 2.99585 25 1.97925 ‘Substituting the value in normal equation, we get 11.5825 = 64 + 208 BAT) 47.12021 = 204 + 908, 43.172) Multiply equation (8.17.1) by 4 and subitracting eq. (3.17.1) from 9. (3.17.2) 47.12021 ~ 46.3020 = 708, 2.79001 - 9.011285 log, 6 = 0.011285 = b = 001285 -- 1.12 (approx) From eq. (8.17.1), put the value of B 11.58255 = 54 + 20 x 0.011285 54 = 11.95685 A= 227137 log. ¢ = 2.27387 a= 22787 9.69 (approx) y= 9.690112)" [Parts] Correlation and Rank Correlation. Bz ‘Que Calculate the rank coefficient from the sales and expenses of 10 firms as given below: [satesx [45 [6 | 0 [54 [05 | a0 | 56 | © [36 [xvenecs® [0 [8 [20 [0 [36 [2 [| <2] m [36