WASTE WATER

TREATMENT PLAN
QARTABA - LEBANON
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF THE QARTABA WWTP RETAINING WALLS
CALCULATION OF RW4

September 2020
Retaining Walls Design 09/2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................3
2. DESIGN CRITERIA ..............................................................................3
2.1. Description ...................................................................................................... 3
2.2. Design Codes, Standards and Reference Documents ..................................... 3
2.2.1. Codes Standards and Commentaries ......................................................................... 3
2.2.2. Software Used ......................................................................................................... 3
2.3. Materials Properties ....................................................................................... 3
2.4. General View of The Retaining Wall 4 from Robot 3d Model ...................... 4
2.5. Loads ............................................................................................................... 4
2.5.1. Dead Loads (Self weight)......................................................................................... 4
2.5.2. Dead loads (Fill, Soil pressure) ................................................................................ 4
2.5.3. Live Loads ( Soil) .................................................................................................... 5
2.5.4. Seismic loads ( EX, EY, Mononobe Okabe) ............................................................. 6
2.6. Combinations .................................................................................................. 8
3. DESIGN PROCEDURE .........................................................................9
3.1. Bending Moment Check ................................................................................. 9
3.2. One Way Shear Check .................................................................................... 9
3.3. Punching Shear Check.................................................................................. 10
4. PILES REACTIONS ............................................................................13
5. STEEL REINFORCEMENT ................................................................ 17
5.1. Minimum Reinforcement ............................................................................. 17
5.2. Reinforcement of The Foundation of RW4 .................................................. 17
5.2.1. Results for Ultimate Bending ................................................................................. 18
5.2.2. Results for one way shear ...................................................................................... 19
5.2.3. Results for Punching Shear .................................................................................... 20
5.3. Reinforcement of The Wall of RW4 ............................................................. 21
5.3.1. Results for Ultimate Bending ................................................................................. 21
5.3.2. Results for one way shear ...................................................................................... 22

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1. INTRODUCTION
The following calculation note shows the design procedure adopted in order to obtain
the reinforcement of the Retaining Walls

2. DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1. Description

This chapter shows the design and analysis method used for calculation of the
retaining walls reinforcement

2.2. Design Codes, Standards and Reference Documents

2.2.1. Codes Standards and Commentaries

- ACI 318M Building Code Requirement for structural concrete, 2014

- Uniform building code ( UBC ), 1997

2.2.2. Software Used

- “ROBOT Structural Analysis” is used to compute the bending moments,

shear forces and deflection due to gravity loads and lateral loads

2.3. Materials Properties

- f’c = specified compressive strength of concrete

- f’c = 35 MPa
- ρmin = 0.18%
- fy =420MPa for reinforcement;
- Clear cover of the fire tank is to be taken as:
 5 cm for the raft
 5 cm for the walls and slabs

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2.4. General View of The Retaining Wall 4 from Robot 3d Model

2.5. Loads

2.5.1. Dead Loads (Self weight)

Dead loads are defined as the self-weight of the slabs/walls/raft.

Density of concrete = 25 KN/m3.

2.5.2. Dead loads (Fill, Soil pressure)

Dead load fill is defined as the weight of the soil fill

The figure below shows the fill load

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The figure below shows the soil pressure load ( Ka=0.33)

2.5.3. Live Loads ( Soil)

The figures below show the different live loads

20 KN/m2 live load vertically on the foundation

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6.67 KN/m2 live load hotizontally on the wall

2.5.4. Seismic loads ( EX, EY, Mononobe Okabe)

The figures below show the different seismic loads

This figure corresponds to the seismic load in the direction X, this seismic load is
related to the weight of foundation, wall.

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This figure corresponds to the seismic load in the direction Y, this seismic load is
related to the weight of foundation, wall.

This figure corresponds to the dynamic pressure of soil on the walls ( Mononobe-
Okabe)

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2.6. Combinations

The load combinations adopted by the Uniform Building Code (UBC) in order to
make the design of the fire water tank on ROBOT are the following:
- ULTIMATE:

- SERVICE:

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3. DESIGN PROCEDURE

3.1. Bending Moment Check

3D ROBOT gives the moment diagrams using the load combination described
previously:

-Moment for top reinforcement in the X-Direction

-Moment for top reinforcement in the Y-Direction
-Moment for bottom reinforcement in the X-Direction
-Moment for bottom reinforcement in the Y-Direction

Compute:
As min = 0.18h (ACI318-14)
With h = thickness of the raft

Mu (T.m) = Ku ( Kg⁄cm2 )×b(cm)×d2 (cm) × 10−5


Mu (T.m)
Ku (Kg⁄cm2 )=
b (cm)× d2 (cm)×10-5

Since:
0.5×ρ×fy(Kg⁄cm2 )
Ku (Kg⁄cm2 )=0.9×ρ×fy (Kg⁄cm2 )× (1- '
)
0.85×fc (Kg⁄cm2 )

We calculate ρ;
Therefore, for each moment given by ROBOT we obtain the required top &
bottom reinforcement in each direction X&Y by the following equation:
As (cm2 ) = ρ × b (cm) × d (cm)

3.2. One Way Shear Check

- Computing:
Vc = 0.17 × √fc′ (MPa) × b (m) × d (m)
 Obtain φVc; φ=0.75 for shear.
 Checking the shear from 3D-ROBOT model; obtain Vu the maximum shear
occurring on the raft& compare it with φVc:

If Vu< φVc => no shear reinforcement is required.

Else, Vu= φ (Vc+ Vs) => we obtain Vs
Therefore, the area of shear reinforcement will be:

Vs (T) × s (cm)
Av (cm2 ) = × 103
fy (Kg⁄cm2 ) × d (cm)
(ACI318-14)

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3.3. Punching Shear Check

For two-way action, each of the critical sections to be investigated shall

be located so that it’s perimeter b0 is a minimum but need not approach
closer than d/2 to:
- Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or reaction areas.

- Changes in slab/raft thickness such as edges of capitals or drop

panels.
(ACI318-14)

Vu : Factored shear force at the section considered

Vn : Nominal shear strength
Vc : Nominal shear strength provided by concrete
Vs : Nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement
: Strength reduction factor
∅ = 0.75 (ACI318-14)
βc : Ratio of long side to short side of the column, concentrated load or
reaction area
b0 : Perimeter of the critical section located at a distance d/2 away from
the face of column, concentrated load or reaction area
Av : Cross-sectional area of all legs of reinforcement on one peripheral line
that is geometricallysimilar to the perimeter of the column section
fpc : Compressive stress in concrete (after allowance for all prestress
losses) at centroid of cross section resisting externally applied loads or at
junction of web and flange when the centroid lies within the flange.
Vp : Vertical component off all effective prestress forces crossing the
critical section.
s : Spacing of the shear reinforcement layers used for the punching shear.

∅Vn ≥ Vu (ACI318-14)
Vn = Vc + Vs
f'c should be less or equal to 700 Kg/cm2

Calculation of the nominal shear strength provided by concrete V c

A- For non-prestressed slabs and footings V c shall be the smallest of:
2
Vc (Kg) = 0.53 × (1 + ) ×√f'c (Kg/cm2 ) ×b0 (cm) × d (cm)
βc
(ACI318-14)

αs × d (cm)
Vc (Kg) = 0.27 × (2 + ) × √f'c (Kg/cm2 ) × b0 (cm) × d (cm)
b0 (cm)
40 for interior columns
Where αs = |30 for edge columns
20 for corner columns
(ACI318-14)

Vc (Kg) =√f'c (Kg/cm2 ) ×b0 (cm) × d (cm) (ACI318-14)

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B- At columns of two-way prestressed slabs and footing that meet the

requirements of
ACI318-05 18.9.3 & the 3 following conditions shall be permitted to be
computed by

Eq(11-36), otherwise the Vc computed for non-prestressed slabs and

footing shall

be applied:
Vc (Kg) = (3.16 ×βp ×√f'c (Kg/cm2 ) + 0.3 ×fpc (Kg/cm2 ) ) ×b0 (cm) × d (cm) +
Vp (Kg)

Where
0.29
βp = min { αs × d (cm)
0.083 × ( + 1.5)
b0 (cm)
(ACI318-14)
fpc = Average value of f pc for the two directions
Vp : in a prestressed slab with distributed tendons, the V p term in
Eq(11-36)
Contributes only small amount to the shear strength, therefore, it
may be conservatively taken as zero (ACI318-14)

Condition 1:
No portion of the column cross section shall be closer to a discontinuous
edge than 4 times the slab thickness

Condition 2:
The value of f’c shall not be taken greater than 350 Kg/cm2

Condition 3:
In each direction, f cp shall not be less than 9 Kg/cm2, nor be taken greater
than 35 Kg/cm2

Note: the use of shear reinforcement for punching is permitted, provided that:
15 cm
d ≥ max {
16 × diameter of shear reinforcement

Calculation of the maximum allowable nominal shear strength provided by concrete

Vc max
if a shear reinforcement is used:
Vc max (Kg) = 0.53 ×√f'c (Kg/cm2 ) ×b0 (cm) × d (cm)
(ACI318-14)

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Calculation of the maximum allowable nominal shear strength V n max

Vn max (Kg) = 1.6 ×√f'c (Kg/cm2 ) ×b0 (cm) × d (cm) (ACI318-14)

Calculation of the cross-sectional area of all legs of reinforcement on one

peripheral line Av
From Eq(11-1) & Eq(11-2) we obtain
Vs = Vn - Vc

Vu
Vs ≥ - Vc
∅

Av (cm2 ) × fy (Kg/cm2 ) × d (cm)

Vs (Kg) =
s (cm)
(ACI318-14)

Then:
Vu (Kg)
(
∅
- Vc (Kg)) × s (cm)
2
Av (cm ) =
fy (Kg/cm2 ) × d (cm)

If Vu> Vn max then the concrete section should be increased in size

If Vu ≤ Vc then no need for shear reinforcement
If Vu> Vc then Av is needed and Vc should be ≤ Vc max

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4. PILES REACTIONS
All pile reactions must be checked with all the cases
The figure below show the different node numbers for each pile

Piles reactions on Ultimate combinations:

Node/Case FX (kN) FY (kN) FZ (kN)
9183/19 (C) 0.01 0.05 1018.5
9183/20 (C) 0.01 0.05 1050.62
9183/21 (C) 8.29 249.83 448.87
9183/28 (C) 8.81 265.45 567.86
9183/33 (C) 43.28 343.32 321.27
9183/34 (C) 21.72 366.72 321.27
9184/19 (C) 0.01 0 1123.49
9184/20 (C) 0.01 0 1158.85
9184/21 (C) 7.94 263.66 500.4
9184/28 (C) 8.43 280.14 631.98
9184/33 (C) 42.76 366.93 361.65
9184/34 (C) 21.2 388.43 361.64
9185/19 (C) 0.02 -0.08 1192.47
9185/20 (C) 0.02 -0.09 1229.85
9185/21 (C) 7.55 276.39 533.14
9185/28 (C) 8.02 293.66 672.93

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9185/33 (C) 42.2 388.85 386.83

9185/34 (C) 20.63 408.47 386.83
9186/19 (C) 0.02 0 1282.99
9186/20 (C) 0.03 0.01 1322.93
9186/21 (C) 7.28 288.53 578.84
9186/28 (C) 7.73 306.57 729.57
9186/33 (C) 41.82 409.85 424.42
9186/34 (C) 20.24 427.55 424.43
9187/19 (C) -0.32 0.12 508.99
9187/20 (C) -0.34 0.13 496.73
9187/21 (C) -4.22 292.72 853.7
9187/28 (C) -4.52 311.02 952.5
9187/33 (C) 21.91 416.73 1094.68
9187/34 (C) 2.22 433.88 1094.67
9188/19 (C) -0.11 -0.03 480.5
9188/20 (C) -0.12 -0.03 467.69
9188/21 (C) -4.22 286.2 836.66
9188/28 (C) -4.49 304.08 931.85
9188/33 (C) 21.83 405.46 1079.11
9188/34 (C) 2.14 423.67 1079.11
9189/19 (C) 0.05 -0.07 459.24
9189/20 (C) 0.04 -0.08 445.92
9189/21 (C) -4.25 279.51 824.34
9189/28 (C) -4.51 296.97 916.86
9189/33 (C) 21.74 393.92 1068.08
9189/34 (C) 2.04 413.17 1068.08
9190/19 (C) 0.12 -0.05 438.88
9190/20 (C) 0.12 -0.05 425.1
9190/21 (C) -4.31 272.73 811.83
9190/28 (C) -4.57 289.77 901.75
9190/33 (C) 21.6 382.22 1056.42
9190/34 (C) 1.9 402.5 1056.42
9191/19 (C) 0.11 0 418.33
9191/20 (C) 0.12 -0.01 404.07
9191/21 (C) -4.48 265.76 799.13
9191/28 (C) -4.75 282.37 886.43
9191/33 (C) 21.34 370.23 1044.51
9191/34 (C) 1.64 391.53 1044.51
9192/19 (C) 0.06 0.02 396.93
9192/20 (C) 0.07 0.02 382.15
9192/21 (C) -4.67 258.53 785.76
9192/28 (C) -4.96 274.7 870.31
9192/33 (C) 21.04 357.83 1031.83
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9192/34 (C) 1.34 380.17 1031.83

9193/19 (C) 0.02 0.04 373.13
9193/20 (C) 0.03 0.05 357.71
9193/21 (C) -4.9 250.62 768.95
9193/28 (C) -5.2 266.29 850.32
9193/33 (C) 20.68 344.37 1014.85
9193/34 (C) 1 367.76 1014.86

Piles reactions on Service combinations:

Node/Case FX (kN) FY (kN) FZ (kN)
9183/13 (C) 0.01 0.03 727.5
9183/14 (C) 0.01 0.04 838.51
9183/15 (C) 5.18 156.15 462.42
9183/31 (C) 12.88 169.84 391.66
9183/32 (C) 7.98 175.16 391.66
9184/13 (C) 0.01 0 802.49
9184/14 (C) 0.01 0 924.9
9184/15 (C) 4.96 164.79 513.37
9184/31 (C) 12.64 180.28 435.62
9184/32 (C) 7.74 185.17 435.62
9185/13 (C) 0.01 -0.06 851.76
9185/14 (C) 0.01 -0.07 981.6
9185/15 (C) 4.72 172.73 546.15
9185/31 (C) 12.37 189.93 463.8
9185/32 (C) 7.46 194.38 463.8
9186/13 (C) 0.02 0 916.42
9186/14 (C) 0.02 0 1055.94
9186/15 (C) 4.55 180.33 590.88
9186/31 (C) 12.18 199.18 502.8
9186/32 (C) 7.28 203.2 502.8
9187/13 (C) -0.23 0.09 363.57
9187/14 (C) -0.27 0.1 401.35
9187/15 (C) -2.7 182.97 624.45
9187/31 (C) 3.38 202.3 640.52
9187/32 (C) -1.1 206.2 640.52
9188/13 (C) -0.08 -0.02 343.21
9188/14 (C) -0.09 -0.02 378.11
9188/15 (C) -2.66 178.87 608.72
9188/31 (C) 3.39 197.32 626.39
9188/32 (C) -1.08 201.45 626.39
9189/13 (C) 0.03 -0.05 328.03
9189/14 (C) 0.03 -0.06 360.71
9189/15 (C) -2.65 174.68 597.22

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9189/31 (C) 3.39 192.23 616.14

9189/32 (C) -1.09 196.6 616.14
9190/13 (C) 0.09 -0.03 313.49
9190/14 (C) 0.1 -0.04 344.06
9190/15 (C) -2.67 170.45 585.76
9190/31 (C) 3.34 187.08 605.81
9190/32 (C) -1.14 191.69 605.81
9191/13 (C) 0.08 0 298.81
9191/14 (C) 0.1 0 327.24
9191/15 (C) -2.78 166.1 574.16
9191/31 (C) 3.22 181.8 595.33
9191/32 (C) -1.26 186.64 595.33
9192/13 (C) 0.04 0.02 283.52
9192/14 (C) 0.05 0.02 309.72
9192/15 (C) -2.91 161.59 561.98
9192/31 (C) 3.07 176.33 584.31
9192/32 (C) -1.4 181.41 584.31
9193/13 (C) 0.02 0.03 266.52
9193/14 (C) 0.02 0.04 290.2
9193/15 (C) -3.06 156.65 547.22
9193/31 (C) 2.91 170.37 570.69
9193/32 (C) -1.57 175.69 570.69

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5. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Notes:
- All diagrams are given in the local axis direction. (Direction of reinforcement)
- The Local X& Y direction of the slab in ROBOT software are equivalent to
the reinforcement in X &Y direction on the ACAD drawing.
- All moments are computed at face of support
- For cases where values of moments are exceeding the moment covered
(Mcovered) by the provided reinforcement and no additional bars were added;
the average value for moment in this area is smaller than Mcovered( since
adjoining bars not fully stressed are capable of sustaining this moment) or
this moment is falling within support thickness.

5.1. Minimum Reinforcement

- RW4 Foundation Thickness 80 cm: Asmin = 0.18h = 0.18x80 = 14.4 cm2/m

- RW4 Thickness 50 cm: Asmin = 0.18h = 0.18x50 = 9 cm2/m

5.2. Reinforcement of The Foundation of RW4

The calulation of the foundation are done based on a 70 cm thickness ( h=70cm)

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5.2.1. Results for Ultimate Bending

[Foundation 80]
- Top : T20@150 [in both directions], capable of sustaining a bending
moment of 490 kN.m/m, with additional T16@150 (L=3.5m) from the left
edge of the foundation [Y direction] capable of sustaining a bending
moment of 309 kN.m/m
- Bot : T20@150 [in both directions], capable of sustaining a bending
moment of 490 kN.m/m .

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5.2.2. Results for one way shear

[Foundation 80] ϕVc = 463 kN/m

The average shear forces in a one meter strip are below ϕVc, therefore no shear
reinforcement is required.

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5.2.3. Results for Punching Shear

We don’t have punching shear at any pile, because Vu<ɸVc for all piles, therefore
no punching shear reinforcement is required.

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5.3. Reinforcement of The Wall of RW4

5.3.1. Results for Ultimate Bending

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[RW4 Wall 50-30]

- Outside : T14@150 in [Y direction] capable of sustaining a bending
moment of 168 kN.m/m, T14@150 [X direction] ( 3m above the foundation)
capable of sustaining a bending moment of 168 kN.m/m, and then
T12@150 in [X direction] capable of sustaining a bending moment of 123
kN.m/m

- Inside : T14@150 [Y direction], capable of sustaining a bending moment of

168 kN.m/m, with additional T25@150 (3m above the foundation) capable
of sustaining a bending moment of 510 kN.m/m.
T14@150 [X direction] (3 meters above the foundation) capable of
sustaining a bending moment of 168kN.m/m
T12@150 [X direction] capable of sustaining a bending moment of 123
kN.m/m.

5.3.2. Results for one way shear

[RW4 Wall 50-30] ϕVc = 312 kN/m

The average shear forces are below ϕVc, no reinforcement required

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