Chapter 1: Introduction to Internet

Exercises

A. Fill in the blanks.

a. Webpage b. IP Address c. Top-level-domain names
d. Web browser e. HTML f. Router
g. Internet Engineering Task Force h. Telnet

i. SFTP j. two

k. Dreamweaver and RapidWeaver l. ftp

m. Telnet n. TCP/IP

B. Choose the correct option.

a. i. Browser b. i. Hyperlinks c. ii. ARPANET d. i. Website
e. ii. email f. i. URL g. ii. TCP/IP h. i. HTML
i. ii. Web Client j. ii. SCP k. i. Web browser l. ii. SSH
m. iii. @

C. Give one word for the following.

a. BROWSER b. HOMEPAGE c. URL d. TCP/IP
e. ISP f. ARPANET g. NODE h. DOWNLOAD
i. WiMax

D. Write T for true and F for false.

a. F(unique) b. T c. F(3) d. T
e. T f. T g. T h. F(web pages)
i. T J. F (get command) k. T l. T

E. Answer the following questions in short.

a. www is a collection of documents found on the Internet. These documents are multimedia
documents which means they contain text, graphics, audio, video etc. and also hyperlinks to other
documents
b. DNS is a character based naming system. There are millions of websites and it is difficult to
remember the 12 digit address for each. Hence Domain name system (DNS) is used.
c. The computers connect to each other in a network connection to transmit data between them and
to communicate with each other for which they follow some rules known as Communication
Protocol.
d. The highlighted text on a webpage that when clicked links to another document or webpage is
called a Hyperlink.
e. Internet is a huge network of computers inter connected together for sharing information.
f. Web Server is a computer with a software program which stores a huge amount of data. It is used
for sending web Pages to a user.
A special software called a web browser is used to access the web and obtain information. The
browser sends the request of the user to the server which in turn sends back the desired

information.
 g. Internet is used for searching for information. It is also used for Communication by email,
chatting, video conferencing etc., Research by students, doctors, scientists and teachers, listening
to music, watching movies, playing games etc., Social networking using Facebook, twitter etc.,
h. FTP can transfer files between any computers that have an Internet connection and also
transfers files between computers using different operating systems.
i. Upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer or the server which you
have accessed using a modem i.e. using Internet.
Download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer. Eg. downloading a song
from the Internet.
j. Home a Home page—is the first page that opens up of the website. You can reach the website
by typing in the address of the home page. From the home page, you can get to all the other
pages of the site by clicking on the Hyperlinks.
k. Remote login allows an authorized user to login to other machines (hosts) on a network and to
interact as if the user were physically at the host computer.
l. The SSH protocol is a method for secure remote login from one computer to another.
m. A remote file transfer is the process of transferring or sending a file to a device or network node
which is away from the local network i.e. on another network connected via Internet.
n. The SSH protocol is a method for secure remote login from one computer to another. It
provides several alternative options for strong authentication and uses strong encryption to
protect the security and integrity of the data being transferred.
o. SFTP is preferred to FTP because of its underlying security features and ability to run on an
SSH connection. The data is insecure and can be stolen easily when it travels over FTP.

F. Long Answer questions.

a. Connecting to a router provides access to a local area network, but it may not necessarily provide
you access to the Internet. In order for the devices connected in the network to connect to the
Internet, the router must be connected to a modem. A modem is a device that provides access to
the Internet.
b. No single organization owns or controls the Internet. There are several organizations that oversee
the Internet’s infrastructure and protocols.
c. Transmission Control Protocol is responsible for breaking the data down into small parts called
as packets before they can be sent over a network. It also takes care of assembling the packets
again at the destination.
Internet Protocol, takes care of the communication between computers. It is responsible for
addressing and sending the data packets over the Internet so that it reaches the correct
destination. It also is responsible for receiving them at the destination.
d. The basic requirements to connect to the Internet are – a computer with good processor, Modem,
a telephone connection, a browser software and an Internet service provider.
e. Internet Protocol address is the address that computers, servers and other devices use, to identify
one another on the network. IP address uses four numbers between 0 and 255 to address a
 computer.
Since it is difficult to remember the 12 digit address for each website, a character based
naming system, Domain Name system is used.
f. The URL consists of three parts.
For example: https://www.yahoo.com/news/politics/

Protocol Domain Name Path to the file name

Protocol is the first part and tells you what type of connection is
established.
Domain Name is the second part of the Web Address which is the unique
identifier for the website on the Internet.
The path is the section of the Web Address after the domain extension which tells the
browser which folder or file to open.

g. In a computer information is stored digitally, whereas information transmitted over

telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analog waves. The sender computer’s
modem converts its digital signals into analog signals as the digital signals cannot be
sent efficiently over phone lines. This conversion of one type of signals to another is
called modulation. The receiver’s computer modem reconverts the analog signals
into digital signals. The reconversion of the signals back to the original type is called
demodulation.

h. A web client is an application that communicates with a web server, using

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The user side is the client side of the Web. It normally
refers to the Web browser in the user's machine. It may also refer to plug-ins and
other applications that enhance the browser. The term can imply the entire user
machine or refer to any handheld device that provides Web access like a phone etc.
A Web client contains two parts: dynamic Web pages and the Web browser.
Dynamic Web pages are produced by application component that run in the Web,
and a Web browser delivers Web pages received from the server.
i. i. HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ii. IAB - Internet Architecture Board
iii. HTML- Hyper Text Markup Language
iv. ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency Networks
v. TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol
vi. SCP - Secure Copy Protocol
j. Uploading is the process of putting web pages, images and files onto a web server. To
upload a file from your computer to the server we can use ‘put’ command.
Downloading is the process of getting web pages, images and files from a web
server. We can download files from the remote machine to your machine by using
 ‘get’ command.
k. To use Telnet in Windows, we have to turn Telnet Client on, before any Telnet
command can be executed. The steps for doing this are given below.
1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Click on Programs and Features.
3. In the left pane, click on Turn Windows features on or off link.
4. From the Windows Features window which opens, select the box next to Telnet Client.
5. Click OK to enable Telnet.
Open the command prompt by typing ‘cmd’ in the search box. Type ‘telnet’ and
press enter. ‘Microsoft Telnet>’ is displayed. We can now enter the Telnet
commands..

(RIS AMBIKA)