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Definition of Logarithmic Functions - 2 1

Lograitmic Alterations

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19 views

Definition of Logarithmic Functions - 2 1

Lograitmic Alterations

Uploaded by

takahatashun261
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DERIVATIVE OF LOGARITHMIC AND

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHM AND EXPONENTIATION

Product Rule: Reciprocal Rule:


1
ln 𝑥𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑦 ln = − ln 𝑦 Inverse Equations:
𝑦 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
1 log𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒙 =
log 𝑎 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 + log 𝑎 𝑦 𝑎
log 𝑎 = − log 𝑎 𝑦 𝐥𝐧 𝒂
𝑦 log 𝑎 (𝑎 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 𝐥𝐧 𝒆 = 𝟏
Quotient Rule: Power Rule: ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑥 𝑒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧 𝒙
ln = ln 𝑥 − ln 𝑦
𝑦 ln 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑦 ln 𝑥 ln(𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑥
𝑥 𝒂𝒙 = 𝒆𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝒂
log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 𝑥 − log 𝑎 𝑦 log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑦 log 𝑎 𝑥
𝑦
DERIVATIVES OF LOGARITHMIC AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
𝒅 𝟏 𝒅 𝒙
𝐥𝐧 𝒙 = 𝒆 = 𝒆𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝒅 𝟏 𝒅𝒖 𝒅 𝒖 𝒖
𝒅𝒖
𝐥𝐧 𝒖 = 𝒆 =𝒆
𝒅𝒙 𝒖 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝟏 𝒅𝒖 𝒅 𝒖 𝒖
𝒅𝒖
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒖 = 𝒂 = 𝒂 𝐥𝐧 𝒂
𝒅𝒙 𝒖 𝐥𝐧 𝒂 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝒆 𝒅𝒖 𝒅 𝒗 𝒗−𝟏
𝒅𝒖 𝒗
𝒅𝒗
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝒖 = 𝒖 = 𝒗𝒖 + 𝒖 𝐥𝐧 𝒖
𝒅𝒙 𝒖 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
EXAMPLES
𝑑 𝑑
𝟏. (ln 2𝑥) 𝒅 𝟏 𝒅𝒖 𝟒. ln(4 sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝐥𝐧 𝒖 = 𝑑𝑥
𝒅𝒙 𝒖 𝒅𝒙 1 𝑑
1 𝑑 = ∙ 4 sin 𝑥
= (2𝑥) 4 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝟏 𝑑 2 + 3) 1 𝑑
= (2) = 𝟑. ln(𝑥 = ∙4 sin 𝑥
2𝑥 𝒙 𝑑𝑥 4 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑 2
𝑑 = 2 (𝑥 + 3) 1
𝟐. ln |𝑥| 𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝒖 = |𝒙| ∙ − cos 𝑥
1 𝑥 1 sin 𝑥
= ∙ 𝒅𝒖 𝒙 = 2 (2𝑥) cos 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3 =−
𝒅𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝒙 sin 𝑥
𝑥 𝟏
= 2 = = 𝟐 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙
𝑥 𝒙 𝒙 + 𝟑
EXAMPLES
𝑑 𝑥+1 𝒅 𝒖 𝒖
𝒅𝒖
𝒆 =𝒆
𝟔. ln 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 − 3
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑥
= ln 𝑥 + 1 − ln 2𝑥 − 3 𝟕. 5𝑒 𝑥 = 5 𝑒
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 = 𝟓𝒆𝒙
= ln 𝑥 + 1 − ln 2𝑥 − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑
𝑑 −𝑥
1 1 𝟖. 𝑒 =𝑒 −𝑥 −𝑥
= (1) − (2) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 2𝑥 − 3
1 2 2𝑥 − 3 − 2(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑒 −𝑥 −1
= − =
𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 − 3 = −𝒆−𝒙
−𝟓
=
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
EXAMPLES
𝑑 𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑑
𝟗. 𝑒 =𝑒 𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑑
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝟏𝟏. log10 (3𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑥
1
Product Rule = 𝑒 𝑥 ln 𝑥 𝑥 ∙ + ln 𝑥 𝒅
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒖 =
𝟏 𝒅𝒖
𝑥 𝒅𝒙 𝒖 𝐥𝐧 𝒂 𝒅𝒙
𝑦 ln 𝑥 𝑥
1 + ln 𝑥
ln 𝑥 = 𝑦 ln 𝑥 =𝑒 1 𝑑
= ∙ 3𝑥 + 1
𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝒙𝒙 𝟏 + 𝐥𝐧 𝒙 3𝑥 + 1 ln 10 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑥 𝒅 𝒖 𝒅𝒖 1
𝟏𝟎. 3 = 𝟑𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 𝒂 = 𝒂𝒖 𝐥𝐧 𝒂 = (3)
𝑑𝑥 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 3𝑥 + 1 ln 10
𝑑 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑑 𝟑
𝟏𝟏. 3 =3 (ln 3) sin 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 𝐥𝐧 𝟏𝟎
= 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙
EXAMPLE
𝑑𝑦 𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 + 3 1 2
𝟓. Find if 𝑦 = ,𝑥 > 1 (Logarithmic Differentiation)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥−1
Solution: Take the natural logarithms Taking the derivative on both sides
of both sides 1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 1
1
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥 + 3 2 = 2 (2𝑥) + −
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 +1 2 𝑥+3 𝑥−1
ln 𝑦 = ln
𝑥−1 1 𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 1 1
=𝑦 2 + −
= ln 𝑥 2 + 1 𝑥 + 3 2 − ln(𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 + 6 𝑥 − 1
1
2
= ln 𝑥 + 1 + ln 𝑥 + 3 − ln(𝑥 − 1) 𝒅𝒚
2 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐
=
2
1 𝒅𝒙 𝒙−𝟏
ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + 1 + ln 𝑥 + 3 − ln(𝑥 − 1) 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟏
2 ∙ 𝟐 + −
𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔 𝒙 − 𝟏
DERIVATIVE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION

𝑑 −1 1 𝑑𝑢
 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢= ∙
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑢
𝑑 −1 1 𝑑𝑢
 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢=− ∙
2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑢
𝑑 −1 1 𝑑𝑢
 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢= ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑢2
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑢=− ∙
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑢2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 −1 1 𝑑𝑢
 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢= ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑢2 −1
𝑑 −1 1 𝑑𝑢
 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢= − ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑢2 −1 𝑑𝑥

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