PROJECT REPORT HVAC HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS

Project Report
HVAC Designing for a Function Hall
Heat Load Estimation (or) Calculation
Purpose of Heat Load Estimation:
 Provide information for equipment selection and HVAC system design.
 Provide data for calculation of the optimum possibilities for load reduction.
 Permit analysis of partial loads as required for system design, operation and control.
Heat Load Estimation:
The basic formula for Heat Load Calculation/Estimation is
Q = U x A x Temperature Difference ( oF )
Where,
Q = Quantity/Rate of Heat Transfer in BTU/hr
U = Coefficient of Heat Transfer (BTU/hr Ft2 oF)
A = Area of the Surface (Sqft)
Coefficient of Heat Transfer:
The U-factor for each of the type of wall is calculated according to the thickness of the wall and
its thermal resistance value of each material, using the formula.
U = 1/Ro + Ri + X1R1 + X2R2 + .................. + XnRn
Where,
R1........Rn = Resistances of Materials inbuilt in the wall structure
Ro = Outdoor Air Film Coefficient
Ri = Indoor Air Film Coefficient
X1 ....... Xn = Thickness of the each Material
Area Calculation:
The area of each wall or window can be calculated by simple mathematical calculations and can
be used for the Heat Load Estimate.

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 Square = S x S
 Rectangle = L x B
 Triangle = ½ bh
Temperature Difference: Refer Table – 15 for Solar Heat Gain through Glasses
S.No. Direction Temperature
Difference
1 North 23
2 Northeast 138
3 East 163
4 Southeast 85
5 South 14
6 Southwest 85
7 West 163
8 Northwest 138
9 Horizontal 251

 Temperature Difference for Glass depends on

i. Orientation of Building
ii. Latitude of the Project
iii. Peak Timing (Month of Year/Time of Day)
 Temperature Difference for Walls & Roofs is given by a formula:
TD for Walls & Roofs = Equivalent Temperature + Correction Factor
(Equivalent Temp. for Walls, Refer Table – 19)
(Equivalent Temp. for Roofs, Refer Table – 20)
(Correction Factor for Walls & Roofs, Refer Table – 20a)
Equivalent Temperature for Walls & Roofs depends on
i. Orientation of the Building
ii. Weight Density of Walls & Roofs (lb/sqft) [Refer – Table 21]
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From Table – 21,

Weight of 8 inch Wall [Solid Brick (Face & Common)] is 87 lb/sqft. But we had
taken as 100 lb/sqft.
Weight of 6 inch Roof [Medium Concrete] is 40 lb/sqft
iii. Peak Timing
Correction Factor depends on
i. Daily Range (oF) = Outside DBT – Outside WBT = 106 – 78 = 28 oF
ii. Difference between Outside & Inside DBT = 106 – 76 = 30 oF
Temperature Difference Table for 8 inch Wall:
S.No. Direction Equivalent Correction Temperature
Temp. Factor Difference ( ETD +
CF) [oF]
1 North 4 11 15
2 Northeast 16 11 27
3 East 25 11 36
4 Southeast 19 11 30
5 South 16 11 27
6 Southwest 14 11 25
7 West 12 11 23
8 Northwest 6 11 17

Temperature Difference Table for 6 inch Roof:

S.No. Direction Equivalent Correction Temperature
Temp. Factor Difference
1 Exposed to Sun 38 11 49

Temperature Difference for Partition Wall is given as

= (Outside DBT – Inside DBT) – 5 oF

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Inputs for Heat Load Estimation:

1. Client Requirement:
a. Type of Building – Residential
b. Indoor Condition – Human Comfort
c. A/C & Non-A/C Zones – 2 A/C Zones
2. Civil Specification:
- Civil Plan
- Material Specification
Civil Plan:-

Latitude of the Project (Hyderabad) = 17.3667 oN (We had taken as 20 oN)

Area of Function Hall = 120 Feet X 125 Feet

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= 15000 Sqft
Height = 15 Feet (Ceiling Level)
Volume of the Floor = 15000 Sqft x 15 Feet = 225000 Cuft
Capacity of People = 600
Ventilators = 6 (Area of Ventilator = 3l X 1l)
Doors = 5 (Including 1 Double Door)
Doors with Window = 2 ( Area of Window = 2l X 2l )
Windows = 18 (9 on Each Side) ( Area of Window = 4l X 3l )
Glass wool is being used in the false ceiling for absorption of the heat.
Glass Wool:
Density = 16 kgs/m3
Thickness = 50 mm
Size = 50 m X 1.2 m
Area = 24 m
Window Glass = Heat Absorbing Glass with Inside Venetian Blind of Medium Color
Ventilator Glass = Ordinary Glass
West Direction:-
Area of the Wall = 125 feet X 15 feet (Height)
= 1875 Sqft
(Since, Area of Window1 or W1 = 4’ X 3’ = 12 Sqft)
Therefore, W1 are in 9 Numbers. So, the sum of all windows area is
AWindows = 12 * 9 = 108 Sqft
But, We have a Door with a window of Area = 2’ x 2’ = 4 Sqft
 Overall Area of Windows is
= 108 + 4 = 112 Sqft
The Area of the Wall is taken as
= 1875 Sqft – 112 Sqft
AWall (West) = 1763 Sqft
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East Direction:-
Area of the Wall = 125 feet X 15 feet (Height)
= 1875 Sqft
(Since, Area of Window2 or W2 = 4’ X 3’ = 12 Sqft)
Therefore, W2 are in 9 Numbers. So, the sum of all windows area is
AWindows = 12 * 9 = 108 Sqft
But, we have a Door with a window of Area = 2’ X 2’ = 4 Sqft
 Overall Area of Windows is
= 108 + 4 = 112 Sqft
The Area of the Wall is taken as
= 1875 Sqft – 112 Sqft
AWall(East) = 1763 Sqft
South Direction:-
Area of the Wall = 120 Feet X 15 Feet (Height)
= 1800 Sqft
(Since, Area of the Ventilator = 3’ X 1’ = 3 Sqft)
Therefore, Ventilators are in 6 Numbers. So, the sum of all Ventilators Area is
=3*6
AVentilator = 18 Sqft
Therefore, the Area of the Wall is taken as
= 1800 – 18
AWall(South) = 1782 Sqft
Material Specification:
A) Coefficient of Heat Transfer (U) value for Glasses:
UWindow Glass = 0.59 (For 50% Heat Absorbing Glass of Medium Color, Refer Table – 16)
UVentilator Glass = 1 (For Ordinary Glass, Refer Table – 16)
B) Coefficient of Heat Transfer (U)value for Walls & Roof:
 8 inch Wall
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 4 inch Partition Wall

 6 inch Roof

U value for 8 inch Wall:

Thickness – X1, X2, X3 = ½ inch plaster, 8 inch wall, ½ inch plaster

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Resistances – R1, R2, R3 = 0.12, 0.20, 0.12 (From Table)

Ro = 0.25, Ri = 0.65 (From Table)
Sum of Resistances = Ro + Ri + X1R1 + X2R2 + X3R3
= 0.25 + 0.65 + ½ * (0.12) + 8 * (0.20) + ½ * (0.12)
= 0.25 + 0.65 + 0.06 + 1.6 + 0.06
= 2.62
U = 1 / Sum of All Resistances
U = 1 / 2.62
U = 0.38
U value for 4 Inch Partition Wall:
Sum of All Resistances = 0.25 + 0.65 + ½ * (0.12) + 4 * (0.20) + ½ * (0.12)
= 0.25 + 0.65 + 0.06 + 0.8 + 0.06
= 1.82
U = 1 / 1.82
U = 0.54
U value for 6 inch Roof:
R2 (For Concrete = 0.08)
Sum of All Resistances = 0.25 + 0.65 + ½ * (0.12) + 6 * (0.08) + ½ * (0.12)
= 0.25 + 0.65 + 0.06 + 0.48 + 0.06
= 1.5
U = 1 / 1.5
U = 0.66
3. Climatic Conditions: Summer (HYDERABAD)

Design DBT WBT RH SH

Conditions (oF) (oF) (%) (gr/lb)
Ambient 106 78 28 100
Room 76 63.5 50 68
Difference 30 14.5 -22 32

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- Temperature Difference for Glass / Wall / Roof / Partition

4. Co-ordinate with other Services – Electrical
Lighting:-
Lighting = W x 3.41
(or)
= Area x W/Sqft x 3.41
Range of W/Sqft is 0.5 – 3.0
So, we are assuming 3.0 for our requirement.
Lighting = Area x 3.0 x 3.41 (With Respect to Area)
Equipment:-
Equipment = KW x 3.41 x 1000
HDR – Heat Dissipation Rate (40 – 70%)
So, we are taking 0.7 KW for our requirement except kitchen
Equipment = 0.7 x 3.41 x 1000

By-pass Factor = 0.2 (For Residence, Refer Table – 2.2)

Contact Factor = 0.8 ( Since, B.F + C.F = 1 => C.F = 1 – B.F)
Air Change Per Hour (ACH)
For Banquet Halls,
ACH = 4 (Refer Table)

E-20 Form (Calculations)

ROOM HEAT
ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT:
Solar Gain:-
West Direction:
Area of the Window1 = 4’ X 3’ = 12 Sqft

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U = 0.59
Temperature Difference = 163 (Refer Table – 15)
Q1 = U * A * Temperature Difference
= 0.59 x 12 x 163 = 1154.04 Btu/hr
Since, all windows in West direction have same area. So, the heat transfer rate is also same for
remaining windows.
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6 + Q7 + Q8 + Q9
Q = 1154.04 * 9
QWindow = 10386.36 Btu/hr
But, we have a door with window of area = 2’ X 2’ = 4 Sqft
UDoor Glass = 0.59
A = 4 Sqft
Temperature Diff. = 163
Q = 0.59 x 4 x 163 = 384.68
QDoor = 384.68 Btu/hr
Q = QWindow + QDoor
Q = 10386.36 + 384.68
Q = 10771 Btu/hr
East Direction:
Area of the Window2 = 4’ X 3’ = 12 Sqft
U = 0.59
Temperature Difference = 163 (Refer Table – 15)
Q1 = U * A * Temperature Difference
= 0.59 x 12 x 163 = 1154.04 Btu/hr
Since, all windows in East direction have same area. So, the heat transfer rate is also same for
remaining windows.
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6 + Q7 + Q8 + Q9
Q = 1154.04 * 9
QWindow = 10386.36 Btu/hr
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But, we have a door with window of area = 2’ X 2’ = 4 Sqft

UDoor Glass = 0.59
A = 4 Sqft
Temperature Diff. = 163
Q = 0.59 x 4 x 163 = 384.68
QDoor = 384.68 Btu/hr
Q = QWindow + QDoor
Q = 10386.36 + 384.68
Q = 10771 Btu/hr
South Direction:
Area of the Ventilator = 3’ X 1’ = 3 Sqft
A = 3 Sqft
U = 1 (For Ordinary Glass, Refer Table – 16)
Temperature Difference = 14 (Refer Table – 15)
Q1 = U * A * Temperature Difference
Q1 = 1 x 3 x 14
Q1 = 42 Btu/hr
Since, All Ventilators in South Direction have same area. So, the heat transfer rate is also same
for remaining ventilators.
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6
Q = 42 + 42 + 42 + 42 + 42 + 42
Q = 252 Btu/hr
Solar & Transmission Gain – Walls & Roof:-
Walls:
Q = U * A * Temperature Difference
Where,
U = Conductance Factor
A = Area of the Wall / Roof

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Temp. Difference = Heat Gain from Walls & Roofs

West Direction:
U = 0.38
Area of the Wall = 1763 Sqft
Temp. Difference = 23 (Refer Table – 19, 20, 20A)
Q = 0.38 x 1763 x 23
Q = 15409 Btu/hr
East Direction:
Area of the Wall = 1763 Sqft
U = 0.38
Temp. Difference = 36 (Refer Table – 19, 20, 20A)
Q = 0.38 x 1763 x 36
Q = 24118 Btu/hr
South Direction:
Area of the Wall = 1782 Sqft
U = 0.38
Temp. Difference = 27
Q = 0.38 x 1782 x 27
Q = 18283 Btu/hr
North Direction:
Area of the Wall = 120 Feet X 15 Feet (Height) = 1800 Sqft
U = 0.38
Temp. Difference = 15
Q = 0.38 x 1800 x 15
Q = 10260 Btu/hr
Roof:
Area of the Roof = 15000 Sqft
U = 0.66
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Temp. Difference = 49 (Refer Table – 19, 20, 20A)

Q = 0.66 x 15000 x 49
Q = 485100 Btu/hr
Transmission Gain except Walls & Roof:-
i) All Glasses:-
West Direction:
Area of Window W1 = 4’ X 3’ = 12 Sqft
Therefore, W1 are in 9 numbers. So, the sum of all windows area is 108 Sqft.
And One Door with Window whose Area is 2 X 2 = 4 Sqft.
A = AWindow + ADW = 108 + 4 = 112 Sqft
East Direction:
Area of Window W2 = 4’ X 3’ = 12 Sqft
Therefore, W2 are in 9 numbers. So, the sum of all windows area is 108 Sqft.
And One Door with Window whose Area is 2 X 2 = 4 Sqft.
A = AWindow + ADW = 108 + 4 = 112 Sqft
South Direction:
Area of Ventilator = 3’ X 1’ = 3 Sqft
Therefore, Ventilators are in 6 numbers. So, the sum of all ventilators area is
AVentilator = 3 * 6 = 18 Sqft
A = AWindow1 + AWindow2 + AVentilator
A = 112 + 112 + 18
A = 242 Sqft
U = 0.59
Temp. Difference = Outside Temperature – Room Temperature = 106 – 76 = 30
Q = U * A * Temp. Diff
Q = 0.59 x 242 x 30
Q = 4283 Btu/hr
ii) Partition:-
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A = 1680 Sqft
U = 0.54 (4 inch wall)
Temp. Diff = [(106 – 76) – 5] = 25 oF
Q = U * A * Temp. Diff
Q = 0.54 x 1680 x 25
Q = 22680 Btu/hr
Infiltration & By-Passed Air:-
Ventilation:
Ventilation = CFM Ventilation x Temp. Diff x B.F x 1.08
CFM Ventilation:-
By People:
= No. of People x CFM/Person (Refer Table – 45)
= 600 x 30 = 18000 CFM
By Area:
= Area of Surface x CFM/Sqft (Refer Table – 45)
= 15000 x 0.33 = 4950 CFM
By Volume:
ACH = 4
= Volume x ACH (Refer Table)
= 225000 x 4 x 1/60
= 15000 CFM
Therefore, CFM Ventilation = 18000 CFM (We have to take maximum value of ventilation)
Ventilation = CFM Ventilation x Temp. Diff x B.F x 1.08
= 18000 x 30 x 0.2 x 1.08
= 116640 Btu/hr
Infiltration:
Infiltration = CFM Infiltration x Temp. Diff x 1.08
CFM Infiltration:-
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Crack Method:
= Length of Crack x CFM/Ft of Crack (Refer Table – 44b)
= (252 + 18) x 0.53
= 270 x 0.53
= 143 CFM
Infiltration = 143 x 30 x 1.08
= 4636 Btu/hr
Internal Heat:-
People:
= No. of People x Btu/hr per Person (Sensible) [Refer Table – 48]
= 600 x 245 = 147000 Btu/hr
Lighting:
= Area x W/Sqft x 3.41 = 15000 x 3 x 3.41
= 153450 Btu/hr
Equipment:
= KW x 3.41 x 1000 = 0.7 x 3.41 x 1000
= 2387 Btu/hr
ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT (Sub Total) = 1026041 Btu/hr
Safety Factor [10%] = 102604 Btu/hr (10% of Room Sensible Heat Sub Total)
EFFECTIVE ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT = 1026041 + 102604
ERSH = 1128645 Btu/hr
ROOM LATENT HEAT:
Ventilation:
= CFM Ventilation x Diff in SH x B.F x 0.68
= 18000 x (100 – 68) x 0.2 x 0.68
= 78336 Btu/hr
Infiltration:
= CFM Infiltration x Diff in SH x 0.68
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= 143 x (100 – 68) x 0.68

= 3114 Btu/hr
People:
= No. of People x Btu/hr per Person (Latent) [Refer Table – 48]
= 600 x 205
= 123000 Btu/hr
ROOM LATENT HEAT (Sub Total) = 204450 Btu/hr
Safety Factor [5%] = 10222 Btu/hr
EFFECTIVE ROOM LATENT HEAT = 204450 + 10222
ERLH = 214672 Btu/hr
EFFECTIVE ROOM TOTAL HEAT = ERSH + ERLH
= 1128645 + 214672
= 1343317 Btu/hr
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT (OAH):
Sensible = CFM Ventilation x Temp. Diff x C.F x 1.08
= 18000 x 30 x 0.8 x 1.08 = 466560 Btu/hr
Latent = CFM Ventilation x Diff. in SH x C.F x 0.68
= 18000 x 32 x 0.8 x 0.68
= 313344 Btu/hr
OUTSIDE AIR TOTAL HEAT = SENSIBLE + LATENT
= 466560 + 313344
= 779904 Btu/hr
GRAND TOTAL HEAT = ERSH + ERLH + OAH
= 1128645 + 214672 + 779904
GTH = 2123221 Btu/hr
1 TR = 12000 Btu/hr
TR = GTH / 12000
TR = 2123221 / 12000
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TR = 176.93
According to E-20 Form Calculations,
Supply CFM from Machine:-
EFFECTIVE SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR (ESHF) = ERSH / ERSH + ERLH = 1128645 /
1128645 + 214672
ESHF = 0.84
Dehumidified Rise in Temperature = (Room DBT – ADP) x C.F
 Selected ADP is taken from the Table – 66 with respect to Room Temperature and ESHF.
 ADP = 53 oF (Refer Table – 66)
Dehumidified Rise = (76 – 53) x 0.8 = 18.40 oF
Dehumidified Air Quantity (DAQ) = ERSH / Dehumidified Rise x 1.08
DAQ = 1128645 / 18.4 x 1.08
DAQ = 56796 CFM (Total Air)
= 56796 X 0.47
DAQ = 26694 L/S

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PROJECT REPORT HVAC HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS

HEAT LOAD ESTIMATE

PROJECT Function Hall Project FLOOR Ground Floor

LOCATION Hyderabad SPACE REFERENCE Function Hall
CLIENT KG MECH AREA ( SqFt) 15000
CONSULTANT Syed Height (Ft) 15.000
Date 6/2/2015 Volume (CuFt) 225000
Area or Sun Gain or Estimate for Summer
Item Factor Btu/Hour W
Quantity Temp. Diff. Design Conditions DB (F) WB (F) RH (%) SH Gr/Lb
ROOM HEAT Ambient 106 78 28 100
ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT Room 76 63.5 50 68
Solar Gain - Glass Difference 30 14.5 -22 32
Glass - N SqFt x 23 F x 0.59 0
Glass - NE SqFt x 138 F x 0.59 0
Glass - E 112 SqFt x 163 F x 0.59 10771 By Pass Factor (BF) = 0.20
Glass - SE SqFt x 85 F x 0.59 0 Contact Factor (CF = 1 - BF) = 0.80
Glass - S 18 SqFt x 14 F x 1.00 252 CFM Ventilation
Glass - SW SqFt x 85 F x 0.59 0 CFM Per Person 600 No = 30 = 18000
Glass - W 112 SqFt x 163 F x 0.59 10771 CFM Per SqFt 15000 Sqft x 0.33 = 4950
Glass - NW SqFt x 138 F x 0.59 0 Air Change Per Hour (CFM) = 4
Skylight SqFt x 251 F x 0.59 0 CFM Cu.ft 225,000 x 4.0 x1/60 = 15000
Solar & Transmission Gain - Walls & Roof CFM Infiltration
Wall - N 1800 SqFt x 15 F x 0.38 10260 Swinging x cfm/door = -
Wall - NE SqFt x 27 F x 0.38 0 Revolving Doors (Peop le) x cfm/door = -
Wall - E 1763 SqFt x 36 F x 0.38 24118 Open Doors x cfm/door = -
Wall - SE SqFt x 30 F x 0.38 0 Crack (feet) 270 x 0.53 cfm/ft = 143.10
Wall - S 1782 SqFt x 27 F x 0.38 18283 143.10
Wall - SW SqFt x 25 F x 0.38 0 Supply CFM from Machine
Wall - W 1763 SqFt x 23 F x 0.38 15409 Effective Room Sensible Heat Factor =
Wall - NW SqFt x 17 F x 0.38 0 Effective Room Sensible Heat/Eff Room Total Heat = 0.8402
Roof 15000 SqFt x 49 F x 0.66 485100 Apparatus Dew Point (ADP)
Transmission Gain - Except Walls & Roof Indicated ADP (F) =
All Glass 242 SqFt x 30 F x 0.59 4283 Selected ADP (F) = 53.0
Partition 1680 SqFt x 25 F x 0.54 22680 Dehumidified Rise
Ceiling SqFt x F x 0 (Room DB - ADP) x CF = 18.40
Floor SqFt x F x 0 DEHUMIDIFIED AIR QUANTITY
INFILTRATION AND BY PASSED AIR Effective Room Sensible Heat = 56796 CFM
Infiltration 143 CFM x 30 T.Diff x 1.08 4636 Dehumidified Rise x 1.08
Ventillation 18000 CFM x 30 T.Diff x BF x 1.08 116640
Internal Heat = 26694 L/s
People 600 Nos. x 245 Btu/Hour Per Person 147000 TOTAL HEAT CAPACITY
Lighting 15000 SqFt x 3.0 W/SqFt x 3.41 153450 Grand Total Heat = 176.94 TR
Lighting & S. P. SqFt x W/SqFt x 3.41
Equipment 0.70 kW x 3410 2387
Sub Total 1026041
Factor 5-10% 102604
Effective Room Sensible Heat 1128645 SENSIBLE HEAT CAPACITY
ROOM LATENT HEAT Grand Sensible Heat = 94.05 TR
Infiltration 143 CFM x 32 Gr/Lb x 0.68 3114 12000
Outside Air 18000 CFM x 32 Gr/Lb x BFx0.68 78336 = 1128.64 MBH
People 600 Nos. x 205 Btu/Hour Per Person 123000
Sub Total 204450
Factor 2.5 - 5% 10222 = 330.13 kW
Effective Room Latent Heat 214672 Check Figures:
EFFECTIVE ROOM TOTAL HEAT 1343317 SqFt Per TR = 85
OUTSIDE AIR HEAT Btu/Hour Per SqFt = 142
Sensible 18000 CFM x 30 F(TD) x CF x 1.08 466560 Dehumidified CFM Per SqFt = 3.79
Latent 18000 CFM x 32 Gr/Lb x CF x 0.68 313344 Dehumidified CFM Per TR = 321
OUTSIDE AIR TOTAL HEAT 779904
GRAND TOTAL HEAT 2123221 KG MECH Electro-Mechanical Pvt. Ltd.
Sub Total ECIL | SANTHOSHNAGAR | MASAB TANK
Hyderbad, A.P, INDIA
TONS=GRAND TOTAL HEAT/12000 176.94 E-mail: info @kgmech.com | URL: www.kgmech.com
PROJECT REPORT HVAC HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS

R-VALUE FOR TYPICAL BUILDING MATERIALS

THERMAL RESISTANCE h ft2 oF / Btu [R / inch]

Concrete 0.10
Stone 0.05...0.10
Brick 0.10...0.35
Hardwood 0.90
Softwood / plywood 1.25
Particle board 0.85...1.85
Insulating board 2.30...2.60
Sidings 0.80...1.00
Asphalt shingles 0.44
Wood shingles 0.94
Built-up roofing 0.70...0.90
Rock wool 3.20...3.70
Mineral wool or fiber batt 2.90
Cellulose 3.20...3.70
Lightweight aggregate concrete 1.00...2.00
Cement board 1.50...2.30
Stucco / plaster 0.20
Gypsum / plaster board 0.90
Fiberglas 3.16
Fiberboard 3.45
Polystyrene extruded 5.00...5.40
Polystyrene expanded 3.85...4.35
Polyurethane foam 5.80...7.70
Building paper / felt 0.06
Cork 2.00
Ceramic tile 0.15
Vinyl / linoleum / rubber tile 0.64
Synthetic carpet (level loop) 3.50...5.90
Synthetic carpet (plush) 2.40...4.50
Wool carpet 4.50
Fiber / hair / jute cushion 3.88
Flat rubber cushion 2.72
Rippled rubber cushion 1.82
Prime urethane cushion 4.44
Bonded urethane cushion 3.96
Solid wood door 1.56
Single glass window 0.89
Insulating double glass 1.89
Energy plus double glass 4.50

THERMAL TRANSMISSION Imperial: 1 = Btu/h ft2 oF

R
Metric: 1 x 5.678 = W/m2 oC
R
PROJECT REPORT HVAC HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS

R-VALUE FOR AIR SPACE

R-Value for Reflective Foil Reflective Foil No reflective

Air Space on both sides on one side surfaces
3/4" 4" 3/4" 4" 3/4" 4"

Flat roofs 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.9 0.9 1.0

45o Sloping roofs 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.1 1.0 1.0
Floors 3.4 8.1 2.6 4.6 1.2 1.4
Walls 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.3 1.1 1.1

 STEP WARMFLOORTM
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