Professor Academy

ICT- Part 2
Recap

Generation of computer

Input & Output device

Language translator (Compiler/ Interpreter/ Assembler)

Software (System software/ Application software)

CPU

File format
 Memory

Primary Memory Secondary Memory

RAM ROM
Storage Device

DRAM SRAM PROM EPROM EEPROM

Memory Hierarchy
RAM (vs) ROM
 RAM (vs) ROM
❖ RAM is a volatile memory ★ ROM is a non-volatile memory
❖ Data stored can be retrieved ★ Data stored can only be read.
and altered. ★ It stores the instructions
❖ Used to store the data that required during bootstrap of the
has to be currently processed computer.
by CPU temporarily. ★ It is much slower than the RAM.
❖ It is a high-speed memory
BOOTING

1. Cold booting: When the computer is started after having been switched off.

2. Warm booting: When the operating system alone is restarted after a system
crash or freeze.
 Secondary Maximum Storage
Memory Device Capacity Component

Floppy 1.44 MB Magnetic

CD-R (or) CD- R/W 700 MB Optical

Magneto-optical disk 5.2 GB Magnetic

DVD 4.7 GB - 17GB Optical

Blu-Ray Disc 25 GB Optical

SD Memory Cards 1GB to 512 GB Flash

Pendrive 1 GB to 512 GB Solid State

External Hard Disk Up to 16TB Magnetic

Hard Disk Up to 100 TB Magnetic/ Solid State

Magnetic Tape Up to 185 TB Magnetic

Hard Disk
 Memory Unit Conversion
Machine Language
Memory unit name Conversion Binary Power

Kilobyte 1 KB = 1024 Byte 210 Binary Digit = 0 & 1

Mega Byte 1 MB = 1024 KB 220 Binary Digit - Bit

Giga Byte 1 GB = 1024 MB 230 4 Bit = Nibble

Tera Byte 1 TB = 1024 GB 240 8 Bit = 1 Byte

Peta Byte 1 PB = 1024 TB 250

Example
60
Exa Byte 1 EB = 1024 PB 2
Bit= 1
Zetta Byte 1 ZB = 1024 EB 270 Nibble = 1001
Yotta Byte 1 YB = 1024 ZB 280 Byte= 10100111

Bronto Bytes 1 BB = 1024 YB 290

Geop Byte 1 Geop B = 1024 BrontoByte 2100

 Number System Base
Binary 0&1 (0&1)2

Decimal 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 (0-9)10

Octal 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 (0-7)8

Hexadecimal 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F (0-9 & A-F)16

1. When a computer is booting, BIOS is loaded to the memory by
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) CD-ROM
d) TCP

Ans: B
2.Which of the following correctly lists computer memory types from highest to
lowest speed?

A. Secondary Storage: Main Memory (RAM); Cache. Memory; CPU Registers

B. CPU Registers; Cache Memory; Secondary Storage; Main Memory (RAM)
C. CPU Registers; Cache Memory: Main Memory (RAM); Secondary Storage
D. Cache Memory; CPU Registers; Main Memory (RAM); Secondary Storage

Ans: C
3. With regard to computer memory, which of the following statement(s) is/are
TRUE?
● P: Read Only Memory (ROM) is ‘volatile’ memory.
● Q: Random Access Memory (RAM) is ‘volatile’ memory.
● R: Secondary Memory is ‘volatile’ memory.

A. P only Ans: B
B. Q only
C. P and Q only
D. P and R only
4. Arrange the following memory device according to its Maximum capacity:
a) Pen drive, Hard Disk, Floppy, Magneto – optical Disk
b) Floppy, Magneto – optical Disk, Pen drive, Hard Disk
c) Magneto – optical Disk, Pen drive, Hard Disk, Floppy
d) Pen drive, Hard Disk, Floppy, Magneto – optical Disk

Ans:B
5.Match the following:
A. Burning - I. Converting analog signals
B. Zipping - II. Packaging a set of files
C. Digitizing - III. Digital Extraction
D. Ripping - IV. Copying Files
Ans:C
Codes:
a) A - II, B – III, C - IV, D – I
b) A - III, B – I, C - IV, D – II
c) A - IV, B – II, C - I, D – III
d) A - I, B – III, C - IV, D – II
6. Given below are two statements

Statement I: Cache memory is a type of non-volatile computer memory which

provides high speed data access.
Statement II: Cache memory is one of the fastest memory in a computer.

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
C. Statement I is correct but statement II is false
D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is true

Ans: D
7. Put the following units of storage into the correct order, starting with the smallest unit first
and going down to the largest unit:

(a) Kilobyte
(b) Byte
(c) Megabyte
(d) Terabyte
(e) Gigabyte
(f) Bit

Give your answer from the following code:

(1) (f), (b), (a), (c), (d), (e)
(2) (f), (b), (a), (d), (e), (c)
(3) (f), (b), (a), (c), (e), (d) Ans: 3
(4) (f), (b), (a), (d), (c), (e)
8. Match the following:

A. DRAM - I. Reprogrammed by Ultraviolet Light

B. SRAM - II. Holds data if it is continuously accessed.
C. PROM - III. Fast and access time 80 nano second
D.EPROM - IV. Recorded information cannot be changed

Codes:
1. A - II, B – III, C - IV, D – I
2. A - III, B – I, C - IV, D – II
3. A - IV, B – II, C - I, D – III
4. A - I, B – III, C - IV, D – II Ans: 1
9. The accounting software 'Tally' was developed by:
a) HCL
b) TCS
c) Infosys
d) Wipro

Ans: B
10. Which one of the following is an example of an Operating
System?
a) Microsoft Word
b) Microsoft Excel
c) Microsoft Access
d) Microsoft Windows

Ans: D
11. Which one of the following is different from other members?

a) Google
b) Windows
c) Linux
d) Mac

Ans: A
12. Where does a computer add and compare its data?
a) CPU
b) Memory
c) Hard disk
d) Floppy disk

Ans: A
13. The set of computer programs that manage the hardware/software
of a computer is called
a) Compiler system
b) Operation system
c) Operating system
d) None of these
Ans: C
14. Identify the correct order of the following computer storage capacities ranked
from largest to smallest capacity.
(A) 100 Gbytes
(B) 10 000 000 000 Bytes
(C)1 Bytes
(D)1 000000 Bytes
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(1) C, A, D, B
(2) C, A, B, D
(3) A, B, D, C Ans: 3
(4) A, C, B, D
15. A computer processor will operate fastest when data that it wants is in
the

1. Cache Memory
2. Hard Disk
3. Optical Disk
Ans: 1
4. Main Memory
16. Arrange the following computer memory types from fastest to slowest
speed:
A. Hard Disk
B. Main Memory (RAM)
C. CD-ROM
D. CPU Registers
E. Cache Memory
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. D,E,A,B,C
2. A,C,B,D,E Ans: 4
3. E,D,B,A,C
4. D,E,B,A,C
Ans: 4
 20 1

-----------
Binary Place value - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21
20
21

22
2

23 8

24 16
Binary - 1 1 0 1 1
25 32

26 64
16+8+0+2+1 = 27
27 128

28 256

29 512

210 1024
Decimal to Binary Conversation
1710 2510

2 25
2 17
2 12 - 1
2 8 -1
2 6 -0
2 4-0
2 3-0
2 2-0
2 1-1
2 1-0

1710 = 100012
2510 = 110012
Decimal to Binary Conversation
2710 3810

2 38
2 27
2 19 - 0
2 13 -1
2 9 -1
2 6-1
2 4-1
2 3-0
2 2-0
2 1-1
1-0
2710 = 110112
3810 = 1001102
Data bus:

A data bus transfers data bits from processor to memory and from memory to other
internal components of the computer e.g. cache and registers.

Address bus:

The address bus is used to transfer address bits to the memory. In memory or RAM,
every memory location has some address. The processor assigns addresses to the
memory and these addresses are transferred through the address bus.

Control bus:

The control bus is used to transfer control bits from control units to other components
of the computer. Control means for example if whether we want to write or read data
in memory, clear any value from memory or increment value or read data from the
input device. These decision making bits are transferred through the control bus.
 Thank you
for
your active participation