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Pseudocode Notes

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9 views

Pseudocode Notes

Uploaded by

maanye.lgs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE 0478 Computer Science

Pseudocode

1. Keywords
a) INTEGER: A whole number
b) REAL: A number capable of containing fractional part
c) CHAR: A single character
d) STRING: A sequence of zero or more characters
e) BOOLEAN: The logical values of True and False

2. Arrays

Arrays are fixed-length lists that store items of the same type. Each item is accessible using an
index number.

Example-

StudentNames[1]  “Ali”

NoughtsAndCrosses[2]  ‘X’

3. Input and output

Values are input using the Input command and, are output using the Output command.

Example-

Input Answer

Output Score

Output “You have ”, Lives, “ lives left”

4. Arithmetic operations
a) + Addition
b) – Subtraction
c) * Multiplication
d) / Division

5. IF statements

IF may or may not have an ELSE clause.

Format (without an ELSE clause)-

IF <condition>

THEN

<statements>

ENDIF

Format (with an ELSE clause)-

IF <condition>

THEN

<statements>

ELSE

<statements>

ENDIF

6. CASE statements

CASE statements allow one out of several branches of code to be executed, depending on the
value of a variable.

Format-

CASE OF <identifier>

<value 1> : <statement>


<value 2> : <statement>

...

ENDCASE

Format (with an OTHERWISE clause)-

CASE OF <identifier>

<value 1> : statement

<value 2> : statement

...

OTHERWISE <statement>

ENDCASE

Example (formatted CASE statement)-

INPUT Move

CASE OF Move

‘W’ : Position  Position – 10

‘S’ : Position  Position + 10

‘A’ : Position  Position – 1

‘D’ : Position  Position + 1

OTHERWISE : Beep

ENDCASE

7. Count-controlled (FOR) loops

Format-

FOR <identifier>  <value1> TO <value2>


<statements>

NEXT

The identifier must be of data type INTEGER.

Example (nested FOR loops)-

Total = 0

FOR Row = 1 TO MaxRow

RowTotal = 0

FOR Column = 1 TO 10

RowTotal  RowTotal + Amount[Row, Column]

NEXT Column

OUTPUT “Total for Row “, Row, “ is ”, RowTotal

Total  Total + RowTotal

Next ROW

OUTPUT “The grand total is “, Total

8. Post-condition (REPEAT UNTIL) loops

Format-

REPEAT

<statements>

UNTIL <condition>

Example (REPEAT UNTIL statement)-

REPEAT
OUTPUT “Please enter a password”

INPUT Password

UNTIL Password = “Secret”

9. Pre-condition (WHILE) loops

Format-

WHILE (condition) DO

<statements>

ENDWHILE

Example (WHILE loop)-

WHILE Number > 9 DO

Number  Number – 9

ENDWHILE

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