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Gravitation (Edustudy Point) - Unlocked

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258 views5 pages

Gravitation (Edustudy Point) - Unlocked

Nxdjkdkfjxkks kzksndndnd

Uploaded by

shivanshpatel87212
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gravitation

Formula Sheet

DESIGNED

By

Edustudy point
❖ Laws of Gravitation:
➢ Newton's Law of Gravitation: When two masses m1 and
m2 are placed such that distance between their centres is r, then
force of gravitation between them is given by

𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚1 𝑚2
F∝ or F = G
𝑟2 𝑟2

Where, G=6.67×10−11 Nm2kg−2 is the universal gravitational


constant.

➢ Acceleration due to gravity:


𝐺𝑀
g=
𝑅2
Where, M is mass of planet and R is radius of planet.

❖ Variation of g:
➢ Variation of g with height:
𝑔𝑅2
g' = (𝑅+ℎ)2

where, g’ is the value of acceleration due to gravity at a


height h from surface of earth.
• If h < < R, then
2ℎ
g' = g(1 - )
𝑅

• Percentage decrease at height h

𝑔−𝑔′ 𝟐𝒉
X 100 = X 100
𝑔 𝑹
➢ Variation of g with depth:
𝑑
g' = g(1 - 𝑹)
Where g’ is acceleration due to gravity at depth d from
surface of earth.

• Percentage decrease at depth d from surface,

𝑔−𝑔′ 𝑑
X 100 = X 100
𝑔 𝑹

❖ Gravitational field intensity:


𝑭
I =
𝒎𝒐
where mo is mass placed at that point and F is the force
acting on mo
• if mo is at distance r from centre of source mass m, then
𝑚𝑚𝑜
F=G
𝑟2
𝑚𝑚𝑜
G
𝑟2
Therefore, I =
𝑚𝑜
𝐺𝑚
I=
𝑟2

❖ Gravitational potential: If a mass m is brought from


infinity to a point P in gravitational field of mass M, then potential
at P is
𝑊
V=
𝑚
➢ Potential at a distance R due to a mass M
𝐺𝑀
V=−
𝑅

➢ Potential energy of a system of two charges


𝑚1 𝑚2
U = -G 𝑟

❖ Satellite:
➢ Orbital velocity:
𝑮𝑴
V = √𝑹+𝒉

if h << R,
V = √𝑔𝑅

➢ Time period:
𝟐𝜋(𝑅+ℎ)
T =
𝑽

(𝑅+ℎ)3
T = 2𝜋√ 𝐺𝑀

if h << R,

3𝜋
T=√
𝐺𝑝

➢ Kinetic energy:
𝑮𝑴𝒎
KE = ½
(𝑅+ℎ)
➢ Potential energy:
𝐺𝑀𝑚
PE =-
(𝑅+ℎ)

➢ Total energy:
TE = KE + PE
𝐺𝑀𝑚
TE = -
2(𝑅+ℎ)

➢ Binding energy:
𝐺𝑀𝑚
BE =
2(𝑅+ℎ)

➢ Escape velocity:
2𝐺𝑀
Ve = √
𝑅

Ve = √2𝑔𝑅
When, V > Ve

V’ = √𝑉 2 − 𝑉𝑒2

❖ Kepler’s third law of motion:


𝑇12 𝑅13
=
𝑇22 𝑅23

KHATAM

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