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Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third

Edition
An Introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics

Self-Assessment Quiz
1

Self-Assessment Quiz
Now that you have read Lesson 3 and have completed the exercises, you should be ready to take the
self-assessment quiz. This quiz is designed to help you assess how well you have learned the content
of this lesson. You may refer to the lesson text whenever you are unsure of the answer.

Unless otherwise instructed, choose ALL correct choices for each question.

1. Which of the following are frequency measures?

A. Birth rate
B. Incidence
C. Mortality rate
D. Prevalence
Use the following choices for Questions 2–4.
1. Ratio
2. Proportion
3. Incidence proportion
4. Mortality rate

2. ____
# women in Country A who died from lung cancer
in 2004

# women in Country A who died from cancer in

2004

3. ____ # women in Country A who died from lung cancer

in 2004

# women in Country A who died from breast

cancer in 2004

4. ____ # women in Country A who died from lung cancer

in 2004

estimated # women living in Country A on July 1,

2004

5. All proportions are ratios, but not all ratios are proportions.
A. True
B. False
6. In a state that did not require varicella (chickenpox) vaccination, a boarding school experienced
a prolonged outbreak of varicella among its students that began in September and continued
through December. To calculate the probability or risk of illness among the students, which
denominator would you use?
A. Number of susceptible students at the ending of the period (i.e., June)
B. Number of susceptible students at the midpoint of the period (late October/early
November)
C. Number of susceptible students at the beginning of the period (i.e., September)
D. Average number of susceptible students during outbreak
7. Many of the students at the boarding school, including 6 just coming down with varicella, went
home during the Thanksgiving break. About 2 weeks later, 4 siblings of these 6 students (out of a
total of 10 siblings) developed varicella. The secondary attack rate among siblings was,
therefore,:
A. 4 ⁄ 6
B. 4 ⁄ 10
C. 4 ⁄ 16
D. 6 ⁄ 10
8. Investigators enrolled 100 diabetics without eye disease in a cohort (follow-up) study. The results
of the "rst 3 years were as follows:
Year 1: 0 cases of eye disease detected out of 92; 8 lost to follow-up
Year 2: 2 new cases of eye disease detected out of 80; 2 had died; 10 lost to follow-up
Year 3: 3 new cases of eye disease detected out of 63; 2 more had died; 13 more lost to follow-
up
The person-time incidence rate is calculated as:
A. 5 ⁄ 100
B. 5 ⁄ 63
C. 5 ⁄ 235
D. 5 ⁄ 250
9. The units for the quantity you calculated in Question 8 could be expressed as:
A. cases per 100 persons
B. percent
C. cases per person-year
D. cases per person per year
10. Use the following choices for the characteristics or features listed below:
A. Incidence
B. Prevalence
____ Measure of risk
____ Generally preferred for chronic diseases without clear date of onset
____ Used in calculation of risk ratio
____ A#ected by duration of illness
Use the following information for Questions 11–15.
Within 10 days after attending a June wedding, an outbreak of cyclosporiasis occurred among
attendees. Of the 83 guests and wedding party members, 79 were interviewed; 54 of the 79 met
the case de"nition. The following two-by-two table shows consumption of wedding cake (that had
raspberry "lling) and illness status.

Ill Well Total

Yes 50 3 53
Ate wedding cake?
No 4 22 26

Total 54 25 79

Source: Ho AY, Lopez AS, Eberhart MG, et al. Outbreak of cyclosporiasis associated with imported raspberries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis
2002;l8:783–6.

11. The fraction 54 ⁄ 79 is a/an:

A. Food-speci"c attack rate
B. Attack rate
C. Incidence proportion
D. Proportion
12. The fraction 50 ⁄ 54 is a/an:
A. Attack rate
B. Food-speci"c attack rate
C. Incidence proportion
D. Proportion
13. The fraction 50 ⁄ 53 is a/an:
A. Attack rate
B. Food-speci"c attack rate
C. Incidence proportion
D. Proportion
14. The best measure of association to use for these data is a/an:
A. Food-speci"c attack rate
B. Odds ratio
C. Rate ratio
D. Risk ratio
15. The best estimate of the association between wedding cake and illness is:
A. 6.1
B. 7.7
C. 68.4
D. 83.7
E. 91.7
F. 94.3
16. The attributable proportion for wedding cake is:
A. 6.1%
B. 7.7%
C. 68.4%
D. 83.7%
E. 91.7%
F. 94.3%
Use the following diagram for Questions 17 and 18. Assume that the horizontal lines in the
diagram represent duration of illness in 8 di#erent people, out of a community of 700.

Image Description
17. What is the prevalence of disease during July?
A. 3 ⁄ 700
B. 4 ⁄ 700
C. 5 ⁄ 700
D. 8 ⁄ 700
18. What is the incidence of disease during July?
A. 3 ⁄ 700
B. 4 ⁄ 700
C. 5 ⁄ 700
D. 8 ⁄ 700
19. What is the following fraction?

Number of children < 365 days of age who died

in Country A in 2004

Number of live births in Country A in 2004

A. Ratio
B. Proportion
C. Incidence proportion
D. Mortality rate
20. Using only the data shown below for deaths attributed to Alzheimer’s disease and to
pneumonia/in!uenza, which measure(s) can be calculated?
A. Proportionate mortality
B. Cause-speci"c mortality rate
C. Age-speci"c mortality rate
D. Mortality rate ratio
E. Years of potential life lost

Table 3.16 Number of Deaths Due to Alzheimer’s Disease and Pneumonia/In!uenza —

United States, 2002

Alzheimer’s Pneumonia/
Age Group (years) disease In!uenza

<5 0 373

5–14 1 91

15–24 0 167

<34 32 345

35–44 12 971

45–54 52 1,918

55–64 51 2,987

65–74 3,602 6,847

75–84 20,135 19,984

85+ 34,552 31,995

Total 58,866 65,681

Source: Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Anderson RN, Scott C. Deaths: Final data for 2002. National vital statistics reports; vol 53, no 5. Hyattsville, Maryland: National
Center for Health Statistics, 2004.

21. Which of the following mortality rates use the estimated total mid-year population as its
denominator?
A. Age-speci"c mortality rate
B. Sex-speci"c mortality rate
C. Crude mortality rate
D. Cause-speci"c mortality rate
22. What is the following fraction?

Number of deaths due to septicemia among

men aged 65–74 years in 2004

Estimated number of men aged 65–74 years

alive on July 1, 2004
A. Age-speci"c mortality rate
B. Age-adjusted mortality rate
C. Cause-speci"c mortality rate
D. Sex-speci"c mortality rate
23. Vaccine e$cacy measures are:
A. The proportion of vaccinees who do not get the disease
B. 1 − the attack rate among vaccinees
C. The proportionate reduction in disease among vaccinees
D. 1 − disease attributable to the vaccine
24. To study the causes of an outbreak of a!atoxin poisoning in Africa, investigators conducted a
case-control study with 40 case-patients and 80 controls. Among the 40 poisoning victims, 32
reported storing their maize inside rather than outside. Among the 80 controls, 20 stored their
maize inside. The resulting odds ratio for the association between inside storage of maize and
illness is:
A. 3.2
B. 5.2
C. 12.0
D. 33.3
25. The crude mortality rate in Community A was higher than the crude mortality rate in Community
B, but the age-adjusted mortality rate was higher in Community B than in Community A. This
indicates that:
A. Investigators made a calculation error
B. No inferences can be made about the comparative age of the populations from these data
C. The population of Community A is, on average, older than that of Community B
D. The population of Community B is, on average, older than that of Community A

Previous Page:Exercise Answers Next Page: Answers to Self-Assessment

Quiz
Lesson 3 Overview

Image Description

Question 17
Description: Three people became ill in June. Of them, two recovered in July and one in August.
Five additional persons became ill in July; two of them recovered that month and three recovered
in August. Return to text.

Page last reviewed: May 18, 2012

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Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice

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Frequency Measures

Morbidity Frequency Measures

Mortality Frequency Measures

Natality (Birth) Measures

Measures of Association

Measures of Public Health Impact

Summary

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