AD-A007 966

AGARD INDEX OF PUBLICATIONS,

1971-1973

Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development
Pails, France

1974

DISTRIBUTED BY:

National Technical Information Service

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
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 AGARD-INDEX

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION

ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

(ORGANISATION DU TRAITE DE L'ATLANTIQUE NORD)

AGARD INDEX OF PUBLICATIONS

1971 - 1973

./".
US ~.pnm~ntof ,

I.p',d c.d bY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
u S 0-panlmow of Co.-eac
•g~~iteVA. 22151 •"

This Index has been prepaý.d as part of the programme of the

Technical Informatinn Panel of AGARD
 THE MISSION OF AGARD

The mission of AGARD is to bring together the leading personalities of the NATO nations in the fields of
science and technology relating to aerospace for the following purposes:
- Exchanging of scientific and technical information;

- Continuously stimulating advances in the aerospace sciences relevant to strengthening the common defence

-
post ure;

Improving the co-operation among member nations in aerospace research and development;

Providing scientific and technical advice and assistance to the North Atlantic Military Committee in the
I
field of aerospace research and development;

- Rendering scientific and technical assistance, as requested, to other NATO bodies and to member nations
in connection with research and development problems in the aerospace field; !
- Providing assistance to member nations for the purpose of increasing their scientific and technical potential;

- Recommending effective ways for the member nations to use their research and development capabilities
for the common benefit of the NATO community.

The highest authority within AGARD is the National Delegates Board consi:;ting of officially appointed sei;.I
representatives from each member nation. The mission of AGARD is carried out through the Panels which are
composed of experts appointed by the National Delegates, the Consultant and Exchange Program and the Aerospace
ApplicAtions Studies Program. The results of AGARD work ace reported to th-- member nations and the NATO
Authorities through the AGARD series of publications of which this is one.

Participation in AGARD activities is by invitation uniy and is normally liuiitctd to citizens of the NATO nations. .

14
The content of this publication has been reproduced
directly from material supplied by AGA. RU or the authors.

i .

Published November 1974

Copyright © AGARD 1974

083.86:025.3
National Teohnic-- Information Servioe is Aut rozied. tc
roproduce and se.1 this report.

1P".nted b'., Technical Editing and Reproduction Ltd

1laford House, 7-9 Charlotte St. London. WIP IHD

ut _
 PREFACE

This index, for AGARD publicat ons published during the period 19' 1-1973. differs
from previous AGARO Indexes in that the Abstact Section (Part I) and the indexes (Part Il)
have been consolidated under a single cover

By an arrangement with the U S National Aeron:iutics and Space Administvation in

Washington. the NASA computerized data base and ,bstrac.s have been used to 1 yeoa,e
this publhcdtion

There are live indexes - Subject. based on NASA Thesaurus nomenclature. Personal
AL-thor. Corporate Source. Report Number and Ac.cession Number Sample entries will he
found on the first page of each index

The 34 NASA catecories have been used for abstiact location Abstracts are arranged
by series and year in each category N10.000 Series ISTAR,. arnd X70.000 Serie- in that
order Abstract lookup from the indexes has been facilitated t)V use of page -iunibers A
typical citation with abstract ii located immediately after the Thblh of Contents

ofii
 page
08 Computers 151
TABLE OF Includes computer operation and programming. and
data processing. For applications. see specific cate-
CONTENTS gories. For related information see also. 19 MAthe-
matics.
No
09 Electronic Equipment Abstracts
PART I: ABSTRACTS Includes electronic test equipment and maintain-
ability, component parts. e.g.. electron tubes, tunnel
Abstracts are grouped under the diodes, transistors. integrated circuitry. microminia-
to/lowing subject rcaegor/es turizaton. For basic research see: 10 Electronics
page For related information see also: 07 Communications
01 Aerodynamics. 1 and 21 Navigation.
Includes aerodynamics of bodies, combinations, in-
ternal flow in ducts and turbomachinery. wings. 10 Electronics 165
rotors, and control surface3 Fztr applications see. Incluides circuit theory; and feedback and control
02 Airmraft and 32 Space Vehicles. For related infor- theory For applications see. 09 Electronic Equip-
mation 3ee also. 12 Fluid Mechanics, and 33 Ther- ment. Fcr related information see specific Physics j
modynamics and Combustion. c3tegories.

02 Aircraft 25 11 Facilities. Research and Support 17 1

Includes fixeo-wing airplanes, helicopters, gliders. Includes airports; lunar and planetary bases including
balloons, ornithopters. etc.: and specific types of associated vehicles ground support systems, related
complete aircraft (reg. ground effect machines. logistics, simulators. te'r facilities (e.g.. rocket engine
STOL. and VTOL). flight tests: operating problems test stands. shock tubes, and wind tunnels), test
(e g . sonic boom): safety iand safety devices; econom- ranges; and tracking stations
ics. and stability and control. For basic research see:
01 Aerodynamics. For rslated .nformation see also. 12 Fluid Mechanics 175
31 Space Vehicles, and 32 Structural Mechanics Includes boundary-layer flow, compressible flow.
gas dynamics; hydrodynamics, and tojibulence For
03 Auxiliary Systems 63 related information see also: 01 Aerodynamics: and
Includes fuel cells, energy conversion cells, and solar 33 The modynamics and Combustion.

I
cells, auxiliary gas turbines, hydraulic, pneumatic
and electrical systems; actuators; and inverters. For 13 Geophysics 187
related information see also. 09 Electronic Equip- Includes aeronomy, upper and lower atmosphere
ment. 22 Nuclear Engineering, and 28 Propulsion studies, oceanography: cartography. and geodesy
Systems For related information see also: 20 Meteorulogy.
29 Space Radiation; and 30 Space Sciences.
04 Biosciences 67
Includes aerospace medicine. exobiology. radiation 14 Instrumentation and Photography 189
effects on biological systems, physiological and psy- Includes design. installation, and testing of instru-
chological factors For related information see also: mentation systems. gyroscopes; measuring instru-
05 Biotechnology merits and gages. recorders, transducers, aerial
photography: and telesccpes and cameras.
05 *iotechnologv 91
Includes life support systems, hun-an engineering. 15 Machine Elements and Processes 197
protective clothing and equipment, crew training and Includes bearings, seals, pumps, and other mechanical
evaluation, and piloting. For related information see equipment. lubrication. friction, and wear, menu-
mie. 04 Biosciences facturing processes and quality control; reliability.
drafting. and materials fabrication, handling, and in-
06 Chemistry 111 spection.
Includes chemical analysis and identification (eg.
spectroscopy) For applications see 17 Materials, 16 Masers 199
Metallic. 18 Materials. Nonmetallic. and 27 Propel- Includes applications of masers and lasers For basic
lants. research see 26 Physics. Solid-State

07 Communications 113 17 Materials. Metallic 201

Includes communications equipment and techniques, Includes cermets. corrosion, physical and mechanical
noise, radio and comm .nlcations blackout. module- properties of materials. metallurgy. and applications
tion telemetry, tracking radar and optical observation, as structural materials For basic research see 06
and wave I.ropagation For basic research soe 23 Chemistry For related information see also 18
Physics. General. and 21 Navigation Materials, Nonmetallic, and 32 Structurbl Mechanics

IV
 page page
18 Materials. Nonmeltallic 205 search see. 06 Chemistry, and 33 Thermodynamics
Includes corrosion; p'tysicel and mechanical proper- and Combustion. For related information see also
ties of materials (e.g.- plastics). and elsstomers. 28 Propulsion Systems.
hydraulic fluids. etc For basic research see. 06
Chemistry. For related informetion see also 17 28 Propulsion Sysfems 257
Materials. Metallic. 27 Propellants, and 32 Struiural Includes air breathing. electric, liquid, solid. end mag-
Mechanics netohydrodynamic propulsion. For nuclear propulsion
N.• see: 22 Nuclear Engineering. For basic research see
19 Mathematics Abstracts 23 Physics. General. anci 33 Thermodynamics and
Includes ca!culation methods and theory, and nume'- Combustion For applications see- 31 Space Ve-
ical analysis For applications see specific categories hicles. For related information see also. 27 Propel-
For related informaition see also- 08 Compute::; lants.
20 Meteorology No
2s• 7 29 Space Radiatiun Abstracts
Includes climatology; weather forecasting. and Includes cosmic radiation; solar flares, solar radiation.
visibility studies. For related informaion '-ee also and Van Allen radiation belts For related information
13 Geophysics, and 30 Space Sciences see also: 13 Geophysics. and 24 Physics. Atomic.
Molecular, and Nuclear.
21 Navigation 223 No
Includes guidance; autopilots; star and planet track- 30 Space Sciences Abstracts
ing. inertial platforms. and air traffic control. For re- Includes astronomy and astrophysics. cosmclogy.
lated information sev also: 07 Communications lunar 3nd planetary flight and exploration, and the-
N,) oreticas analysis of orbits and trajectories. For related
22 Nuclear Engineitring Abstracts information see also: 11 Facilities. Research and
Includes nuclear reactors and nuclear heat sources Support. and 31 Space Vehicles.
used for propulsion and auxiliary power. For basic
research see 24 Physics. Atomic. Molecular. and 31 Space Vehicles 277
Nuclear. For related information seae also: 03 Auxil- Inc'i des launch vehicles, manned space capsules.
iary Systems, and 26. Propulsion Systems, clust ired and multistage rockets; satellites, sounding
rocke, and probes: and operating problems. For basic
23 Physids. GeneralI 241 reses-th see. 30 Space Scierices. For related infor-
Includes acoustics. ýryyogenics. mechanics, and mation see also. 28 Propulsion Systems. and 32 A"

optics. For astrophysicsi see. 30 Space Sciences For Structural Mechanics.

geophysics and relatiOd information see also: 13 Geo-
physics. 20 Meteorology. and 29 Space Rad;ation 32 Structural Mechanics 283
Includus structural element design and weight analy-
24 Physics, Atomic. Molecular. No sis; fatigue, thermal stress, impact phenomena.
L and Nuclear Abstracts vibration: flutter; inflatable structures, and structural
Includes atomic, molecular and nuclear physics. For tests. Fo.' related information see also. 17 Materials.
applications see: 22 Nuclear Engineering. For related Metallic. and 18 Materials, Nonmetallic
information see also 29 Space Radiation.
No 33 Thermodi,,nomics and Combustion 299
25 Physics. Plasma Abstracts Inclades ablaron. cooling. heating, heat transfer.
Includes magnutot-ydrodynamics For applications therr,nal balance and other thermal effects, and com-
see 28 Propulfon Systems. bustic-n theory ror related infoination see also 12

No Fluid Mechanics. ind 27 Propellants

25 Physicr. Solid-State Abstracts
Includes semiconductor theory. and superconduc- 34 Gonliral 301
tivivy. For applications see. 16 Masers. For related Includes information of a broad nature related to in-
infoimation see also. 10 Electronics. dustrial appli,;atlor, and technology, and to basic
research; lefenne aspects; information retrieval.
27 Piopellonts 251 managamen': lav snd related legal matters. and
Includes fuels; igriiters, and oxidizers. For basic re- legislative heorings and documents
PART II: INDEXES
i."age
SUBJECT INDEX . ... ... ... I
PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX ........ BI
CORPORATE SOURCE INDEX ... ............ C i
REPORT/ACCESSION NUMBER INDEX . . D-I
ACCESSION/REPORT NUMBER INDEX . E I
 TYPICAL CITATION AND ABSTRACT

AVAILABLE ON
MICROFICHE
CORPORATE
NASA ACCESSION N74-12713# Advisory Group far Aerospace Research and SOURCE
NUDEeOvelopmen't Parn* (France). IL
MARKINGS11 FOR PROPIELLIER CONSPICUITV IL
A'U'THOR T C 0. Whiteside I(RAF Inst. of Aviation Med) SepA 1973 AUTHOR'S
170 AFFILIATION
(AGARD-AR-58) Avail NTIS PHC $30 .O--
PUBLIATIONThe general problem of mard"n p4ropetes so that they
PBIAINmay be wo is dicuaseed The propalle., must be AVAILAILITY
DATEto perwson walkiing roar it wheo the aircraft is on the gound -SOURCE

but, an the other hand. in taoiyng and in flight it must not be

REPORT *Wsroctuig or annoying to the piot. Other factors to be considered
ine the coriepicurty, at low and at high rpm. the conspicurty
NUMB6E R against varnous beckariounds since markinga easly, visible against
9 dark ground may not he visible againsat a light ground.'th EXCEPTION
ABSTACT
___________ uise of coloured markings which. although easily seen on a PRICING
ABSTRACTastbonary pro;eller. become desalursted when' the propeller is
~urnwq. and finally. the presence of brightness and of colour
;ontrast with the backgrourA. In theory, to obtain msiuimel
mighlneea ciontreot. black and wPhite markings should be used
a that the Uadii may be menar against either light and dark
ialckground As black mutt paint mnayappear grey since it scatters
nicidont light, the markings ahould be in a glos finish- Author ADSTRACT
AUTHOR

vi
 AGARD INDEX OF PUBLICATIONS (1971-1973)

PART 1: ABSTRACTS

01 (the two bodies, here the interference is

largest l1re loading terms

01 AERODYNAMICS in the velocity field can be interpreted as being caused in part by

includes aerodynamics of bodies. combenstions. internalh nefrnewt h irr'mg ra 1 ~rewl ftehl

flow io ducts and turbomechinery. wings. rotoroi ad wing outside the fuselage This reflection affect o i,)ends -nainly an
C~t~urae o ap'aoc e 2Arcatadthe sweat) angle and the dihiedral angle In additora thavi' is a body
3 1 Space Vehicles For related informatioi, see als 12 interference effect at all sweep and dihedral Satlis -.ha method
Fluid Mschnics. arid 33 Thermodynamics and Combus- of singularities is applied to calculate the inviscid flow field for sorne
lion simple cases with and without lift Theoretical end experimental
results demonstrate Qu~te clearly the magnitude of the interference
effect Author

N 71.1'4324 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and N71-19355# Deutsche Forschungs- ufld Versuchsanstalt fuer
Developmetint. Paris (France) Luf!- und Raumfahri. Goettrngen (West Germany)
MANUL O AEOELATICTY:IsUUIEC AN AUHORWIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATION OF THE VONiTEX SYSTIEM
MANUAD NAROESXIY:¶BJ ADATO NEAR AN INCLINED BODY OF REVOLUTION WITH AND
E C P0ke cc! Jan. 19' 28 r, rook WITHOUT WINGS
IAGARD P-578-711 Avail NTiS I- -K iGloscine in, AGARýý Aelicdyn fr'trferontoo Jen 1971
The :3ubiecl Index and Author Index cover all the chliciteirs 15 p refs iSee N71-19353 09.01)
in the six OOSE-10af Volumes of the Manual on Aeroelaslicilxy and Avail NTIS IICS6 O0/MF SO95
werc? up toi date in April 1970 Since that dare new chapters of

-
The flow field on the suction side of a slender body of
the manual have been published in the AGARD Report series The revolution with and without wings was investigated by means of
Indexes are published in two forms in the AGARD Repoit -eries a directional Probe in a 3 rn a 3 m low speed wind tunnel
as AGARD Repiort 578 end in loose-leaf form for ýnsertion in Measurements tf.ave been conducted at Mach numbers Ma 0 12
Volume VI ci the Manual Entries ere given by volume chapter and and Reynolds numbers Re = 5C.000. based on free stream
page number For example. If 1i9,56 denotes Volume it. Chapter 9. velocity and boidy diameter The model was tested at angles of
page 56 Thii attvrj S after a chapter number denotes a supplement attack alpha - 7 deg. 10 dog. 15 deg. 20 deg From the measured
to that Chapter The letters TG denote the section of tableb. and data, the tjoss flow velocities and the isobars of total Pressure loss
graphs in Volume VI 'the abbreviation iNTRO denotes the were computed Position and strength of the vortices wate
introductory survey in Volume I Author d itarmined as functions of the axial coordinate There are significant
ct'viations from the results of measurements at high subsonic or
si,,personi~c volocities. as well as from mreasuremnre'ts at substantialor'
N711-19353j Advisory Giuup for, Aarosnacc Reseeici, end tcr Fleymols ori-ibuoir, The strenoth of the body vortices is
Developmrent. Paris (France) considerably reduced by the presence of the wings Author
AEROVYNAMI1C INTERFERENCE
Jrin 1911 451 p refsx Presented at Fluid Dyn Panel Specialists
Meeting. Silver Spring. Md . 28 -30 Sep 1970 M1136 oigC.Sate ah STArdnmc
(AGARD-CP-71 711 Avail NT.S HC 1800 /MF SO95 Cnfi.guratio GroeigCuSatl.ps Ardnmc
Aerodynamic interference characteristics of various CONSIDERATIONS OF AERODYNAMIC INTERFERENCE IN
for commercial transport and military SUPERSONIC AIRPLANE DESIGN
frcraft' are discussedsystems
airfrome-propultion Wing-fuselage store designs and body-wing Edward J Kane and Wilbur 0 Middletonrinh AGARD Aelodyn
and tail configuration effects are emphasized For individual titles Interference Jan 1971 16 p rets ISee N?1-19353 09-011
see N71 19354 through N71-1?3883 As~i NTIS HCS600iMFSO95
Methods for optimizing the interferences between aircraft
N7¶*13Sircrat
oyal Esablisment.Farnbying ufac nd suerod.wnic flod argiediscullsse Thoeicgald
ad! cnetsremin
Ng1-1n354
A Roynalmircrafet restabliehmand.expanded where necessaryitosunersoiflwaedsuedTortialcnd
o iare
epthe
i~ngano!
Det Atodyam~s "l."weg andboywigandd wengie necesls.r aonderwingad trepyimmin
SOME REMARKS ON THE INTERFERENCE BETWEEN A rGlsiusi fhtlastotemsavoiable -arrangement of the
SWEPT WING AND A FUSELAGE co' lguration components Specific applicateirns are illustrated by
D Kuechemenn In AGARO Ararodyn Interference Jan 1971 extiple employing analyses of both theoiet~cai and experimrental
I I pielos iSee N" 1 19353 09 O1l riera Author
Avail NTIS HCS6OO/MFSO95
Principal physical interference effects which occui when
aswept (or unsweptl wing is joined to .,fuselage are analyzed N71 19367"s National Aeronautics and Space Administraion
The flow is dominated by w~hat happens ir. the junction between Ames Research '_enter. Moffett Field. Calif
 2 01 AERODI'NAMICS

RECENT EXPERIENCE IN USING FINI iM :MNT G. Gregorrou and L~auds IOFVLR. Brunswick. West Germany)
METHODS FOR THE SOLUTION OF PRO' FMS IN in AGARO Aerodyn interference Jon 1971 14 p rats fSee
AERODYNAMIC INTERFERENCE N71-19353 09-O111
Ralph L Carmichael In AGARD Asrodyn. In' - 5ni Jonl. Avail. NTIS HIC SfO4)/MF $095
.2? 1 5- ve-4 (See N7 J -19353 02-0 1) A numerical method was developed to calculate the dvrwrardi
tNASA-TM-X-668841 Avail fiSl CSCL 200 and hence the forces and mdmrents on missile tails This MethCA
Discrete sets of elementary sotutrons, of the lvitr. ttixirt luations is pinniclosly based on the linear lifting surface theory and can be
of gee dynamics for solving problems of flow ý_ruw iirplane applied in the compressible subsonic range at any angle of attack
configurations aret combined in such a way the ow . undary and bank The results of the calculation indlicite a r~onlinsar
condtitions of zero flow through physical surfaces ir lifie at dependence of the average downerash angle ori the angle of attack
large numbers of control points on the surraces. Ca ,a aUI using Generally. theoretical results Show good agreerrient with wind
discrete, elements and discrete control points pr- .- s 'olutions tunnel tests Author
consistent with closed-foirm solutions that satie)tii me a. indary
condidtionseverywhere. An era.sting com'3uter progrant for pit licting N71-19361 6# National Aeronautics and Space Admrnistiraticer
the flow about simple wing-body combinations is oxo~rirnild to
include bodies other than the main fuselage uthor Langley Research Center. Langley Station Va
EXTENSION OF A NUMERICAL SOLUTION FOR Ti.Z
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A WINZ TO
M71,19358# National Physical tab. Teddingt. i lEng and) INCLUDE A CANARD OR HORIZONTAL TAIL
Aerodynamic% Div. Barrett L Shrour /n) AGARD Aetodyn ln~erfeienr' jan 1971
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVES'iGATIONB 12 p refs lSeeN7l-t93E309-01l
OF WING BODY CONFIGURATIONS AT LOW SUIr RSONIC INASA-TM-X-668861 Avail INTIS CSCL 200
SPEEDS P method for predicting trie aerodynar'-io lifting surface
J5. ridgreweter. A C Lock, and G F Lee In AGAR( Aerodyn characteristics Of wing -horizontal tail configura c-ns or canard wing
Interference Jan 1971 11 1p rats (See t471-19353 0>01) configuiations, at supersonic speeds is discuss-re The numerical
Avail NTIS XC S6 O0/MF SO95 solution has been programmid for a digital coimtuter and is part of
Wing-body combinations with mocliifcations to ie shapes a cormplex of compuete programs used in the doisign optimization.
of the basic bodies. wing leading edges and wing roots iar reduced and evaluation of aircraft configurations at siptr-ranrc spcads The
drag at transonic and low supersonic speeds were studied Force present method predicts lift. drag, and moment _haraciteistics over
and pressure measurements are g~ven for a 55 deg sweot wing a range of lift coefficients and for varrou! c.introl settings
mounted in turn on two &symmetrically waisted bodies The first Ther'erical and experimental data are comparer for wing-horizontal
oody was designed with the aid of the transonic area rule. and tail configurations and for canard-wing confiqiurations at various
the second was a modified version of this design to give improved Mach numbers These comparisons show both the basic data with
performance at low supersonic speeds Additional experimental control deflections and some final trimmed drag polats Some data
results are presented for a %econd wing having a much blunter are also Presenreo to siiuw lhu c.(tn.. i,ý irrct. p;ogqrim !r;:!3!!cns.
leanding edge shape so as to give a pesky type of pressure distributront affect the accuracy of the analytici methods Author
in place of the roof-top pressure distribution of the first wing
Finally considered is the bler-ding of varying wing -action shapes
t~sar the toot of swept wvings at. !upersonrc speeds in oi ler to N71-19362# Office .Aitional d Etudes et de Recherches
achieve a favorable combinrid wing-body pressure field inbo; d on. Aetrospatrales Paris (France)
the wind, thus offering the possibility of drarg reduction withou' the CALCULATION OF ACRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS
use of body waisting Aurtnor BETWEEN LIFTING ELEMENTS OF AN AIRPLANE IN
SUPERSONIC STATIONARY OR NONSTATIONARY FLOW
ICALCUL 0 INTERACTIONS AERODYNAMIQUES ENTRE
N71-1S3S9k Tachnische Hogeschool. Delft (Netherlands) LES ELIEMENTS PORTANTS WUN AVION EN ECOULEMENT
LIFT AND ORt.O3 CHARACTERI1STICS OF DELTA WIN~G SUPERSONIGUE STATIONNAIRE OU INSTATIONNAIRE1
HALF CONE CONFIGURATIONS WITH SUBSONIC LEADING Michel Enselme, Jean-Paul Bnisseau, and Andre Guillors In
EDGES, USING SLENDER BOD0Y THEORY AGARO Aerodyn Interference Jan 1971 7 o refs in FRENCH.
W J Bannink and J5 W Reyn In AGARD Aerodyn interference ENGLISH summary (See N7 1-19353 09.01)
Jan 197 1 11 P iefzv (Goa N71,-19353eJ 0001) Aver NTIS HCS6QO MFS095
Avail NTIS HCS600/MF$0.95 After recal;ing the principle of analog computation of a
Configurations composed of a cone with a half-circular lifting assembly in. supersoni: steady or unsteady flow a numericetl
cross section mounted aaymme~rically with respect to a delta wing process is presented that uses an explicit method for computing
of zero thickness with subsonic leading edges and placed in a tie solutions of the wave equation Results obtained either by
supersonic flow, are studied utting Slender body theory The lift and analog or by numerical -computations are presented for wing-body
drag characteristics are compared to those of configurations having or wring-pod inreractions and for a wing of arbitrars planform in
an identical wing and a sym-netrically disposed circular :one of unsteady flow Author
equal volume as the half cone A drsposition of a half cone on one
side of the delta winC shows a drag reduction at a given lift
compared to the symmetricel full cone configuration. provided the N71-19363ri Naval Ship Research and Developmenr Center.
body diameter-wing span ratio is larger than 0 45 .1pproximetely Washington. 0 C
However, the high wing disposition is preferable to the low wing. THE EFFECT OF ANGLE OF ATTACK ON INDUCED
since lower angles of incidence are required to attain a certain lift ROLLING MOMENT FOR A LOW ASPFCT RATIO MISSILE
Below the ratio of 0 45 the symmetrical system appears to be Paymond P Le Beas In AGARD Aerodyn Inteilerencti Jan
more favorable The lift curve Slopes of asymmetrical configurations Avail1N1I l. Cef
0 N7-9356
(See 90
studied are larger than those of symmetrical configurationsAvi TSHSr0MS9
Author Two wind tunnel tests were conducted to examine the
characteristics 0f the induced rolling moment of two small span
missile conlig-iralions at transonic Macni numue's furf arryies ul
M71-10360N Messer 5chmitt Boetlkow G r b H . Munich (West attack up to 90 deg The induced iolling moment at a roll angle
Germany) of 22 5 deg was lound to increase with angle of attack to a peak
DOWN WASH INVESTIGATIONS ON TAh.S OF MISSILES value then remain near that value to 90 deg This peak occurredt
 01 AERODYNAMICS o

at angles between 26 dog and 40 deg It was also observed that N71-19307# National Aeronautical Establishment. Ottawa
negative values of induced toiling moment at a roll angle of 22 5 (Ontario)
dolg asccutffd for one configuration when the angle of •snack was THE H•qLF CONE PRESSURE FIELD AND ITS
Ieis than 20 dog Author SIGNIFICANCE TO 3IDE MOUNTED INTAKES

0 J Peak.. D J. Jones. and W J Rainbird In AGARD Aerodyn.

Interference Jan. 1971 12 p refs (See N71-19353 09-Ot)
N71.-193 National Aerosoace Lab. Amsterdam (NetherlandsC Avail NTIS HCSB.o0/MFS096
Dept for Theoretical Aerodynamics The supersonic. inviscid flow field about an isolated halt
AN APPROXIMATE METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION OF cone has been computed and the result applied to a semi cone
THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON WING BODY intake moun',d adlacent to an aircraft fuselage. The pattean of the
COMBINATIONS Al SUBCRITICAL SPEEDS intake external flow was obtained from an aircraft model tested
Th. E Liabruiere. W Loeve. and J W Slooff in AGARD Aerodyn in a Mach number M - 1 8 airstream. incorporating a 25-degree
hiterference Jan 1971 17 p refs (See N71.19353 09-01) aerni-angle half cone The fuselage boundary layer approachlng the
Avail NilS HCS600/MFS095 intake was turbulent. corresponding to e Reynolds number of 08
A method ,s described which makes it possible to calculate x 1 million based upon the iniake capture dimensiun The sirong.
accur-te pressure distr-butrons on lift-ig configurar-ons at Mach three dimensional character of the interactionz. that nccur between
numbers up to the critical value. The compressible flow around a the itake shock system and the fuselage boundary layer imply that
configuration is related to an incompressible flow by means of any boundary layer control system must be designed to remove
Goetrnerts rule. which is supplemented semi-empiricc.lly The iterative the effects of three dimension!l rather than two dimensional
I' cheme for solving the large system of lineal, simultaneous separations. Author
equaticns that is involved with the incompressible f ow problem is
optimized Assuming a simple wake configuration the method has N71-1936Ba" National Aernnautics and Space Administration
been applied to a number of lihing wing-body combinatione Langley Research Center. Langley. Va
Comparisons with measured pressure distributions show that the AERODYNAMIC INTERFERENCE BETWEEN EXHAUST
method can be used when stlLdying wing-body, interfe-ence problems SYSTEM A.ND AIRFRAME
in subcritical, attached flow Author Jack F Runckel Ir AGARD Aerodyn. Interference )an 1971
13 p refs (See N71-19353 09-01)
(NASA-TM-X-68808) Avai. NT:S CSCLO1A
IN71-IB3OS# Naval N71-936#
Ordnance
rdnace Lab.
NaalWhite
ab. Md
Oak. M0Mutuaý
hit Oak aircraft aftedbody and engine nozzle interferences are
AERODYNAMIC INTERACTION PHENOMENA PRODUCED
Allen PARTIALLY IMMERSED INjanc
E WinkeolmaneoerIinAGARDesAerotyns A of let interference
studied by a model experimental investigations onterterence
BY A FIN PROTUBERANCE
TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER AT MACH 6 at subsonic, transonic. and supersonic speeds. Emphasis is placed
on twin-engine fuselage configurations with nozzles installed near
the to minus of the afterbody where the interactions of the nozzle
1971 12 p refs (ire N71-19353 09-01) exhausts and the external stream produce a complex flow field
Avail NTIS HCS600/MFS095 environment. Airframe interferences cn nozzle performance coniodered
Various flow visualization results are presented for a are nstallaton locations in tie altdrbody. boattailing ahead of the
cylindrically blunted. unswept. unyawed fin partially immersed in a a neoctsons tan rorbedy, Nozzlei shapead ite
turbulent bounde y layer The model. corsisting of a fin-flat plate nozzles, and effects of tais and orotuberances Nozzle shape and
combination, was mounted on the Itst plate nozzle well of a let exhaust interference can alter aircraft pe formance and stabilit-/
The effect on afterbody drag of nozzle exit axial location appears
bcxundary layer channel Experiments .were completed at a nominal
Mounach
numer ofa5nend nopeiminal we-strea completedatanumbs pto pose more prob:ems than the lateral spacing of the nozzles For
Mach number of 5 and nominal fhei-strearn Reynolds numbers per
etsso Show
and 7 4 x I million Azobenzene tests
footo~le
androd closely spaced onhointer)airing between
efecof the
prnune the shape
has a.nozzles, the
foot of :c.8 x I million an nzonAoenee
regions of high heat transfer ir occur on the flat plate immediately nopzes has a prOnOunced effect on afterbody and nore
upstream and downstream of thi fin Oil smear tests show in detail performance Author
the surface 'hear directions and loctiions of separated Cow which
photographs N71-19369# General Electric Co. Cincinnati Ohio
occur on 1hi model Sc-hheren and - •adowgrept-

indicate the complex shock wave structure w,.,-, exists in front of AIRFRAME/PROPULSION SYSTEM INTEGRATION
the fin .uthor ANALYSIS USING THE PROPULSION SIMULATOR
TECHNIQUE

IL'.r-s
N71.193e*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Research Center. Cleveland. Ohio
FLIGHT AND WIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATION OF
INSTALLATION EFFECTS ON UNDERWING SUPERSONIC
John T Kutney In AGARD Aerodyn Interlerence Jan 1971
21 p rels 'See N71 19353 09-01)
Avail NTIS HC $6 00/MF $095
The propulsion simulator technique was conceived to provide
the analysis and evaluation of the total system .)erformance ir. the
CRUISE EXHAUST NOZZLES AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS wind tunnel of the new high biypass turbofan installations This
Daniel C Mikkelson and Bernard J Blahe In AGARD Aerodyn technique provides srmullaneous simulation of tVa induction system
Interference Jan 1971 10 p refs (See N71-19353 09-01) and the exhaust system flows with cor,ect g, ometric simularion
(NASA-TM-X-6a887) Avail NTIS CSCL 200 and allows the total aircraft aerodynamics 3,)d ihe propuls-on
A combined flight and wind tunnel test program is being system interactions to be evaluated together wrthc. t the tise of
conducted utilizing a modified F-106 aircraft, to investigate aKdditonal or reference models Examples of thee, dcata are presented

airframe installation effects on exhaust nozzle systems mounted on including comparison of a C5A type scale model and full scale
underwing engine nacelles Flight tests in the transoric speed results of the TF39,;B52 installation The use of this technology for
advanced programs of ai'frame engine integration for both the
regime determined nozzle performance and boattail drag for variable
auxiliary inlet elector nozzle concepts
flop ejector. conical plug. anddiht subsonnc and supersonic spectrums is discussed Author
Wind tunnel tests were conducted on isolated models of these
nozzles and uia!so a 1/20-scmle mrtoel nf the F-106 aircft with N71-19370: Tennessee Univ Ttllahom8 Sdace arst
simulated underwsig engone nacelles Wing and nacelle prssures UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS OF ROTOR BLADES OF A

from these wind tunnel tests are used to qualitatively explain the COMPRESSOR UNDER DISTORTED FLOW CONDITIONS
observed installation effects The t ,"20-scale model was also B H Goethert and K C Reddy in AGARD Aerodyn Interference
t
used to evaluate the effects of changes in nacelle geometry and Jan t971 13 p ref lSee N71 19353 09-011
angle-of attack Author Avai NTIS HC$600;.MF095
MM
 4 01 AERODYNAMICS

A theoretical investigation was un' to determine boundary layer effects Finally. a propulsion comparison is made
the interference effect between oscillating - J 3istorted inlet flow between a variable sweep configuration employing double engine
and compressor stall It was found that the .ynSmic effects on the pods and a fixed wing configuration employing single engine pods
single stage characteristics tend to make cee stages less sensitive Author
to pressure oscillations since the flow lar- s the necessary time for
budic.ng up the lift of the individual bl ides of the stage On the
other hand. the spacer volume in II0. "res themselves and N71-19374# Deutsche Forscnungs- und Vaisuchsenstalt fuer
between the stages produce time lags ninit tend to increase the L-ft- und Routinfahrs. Goett, aen (West Germany)
stage pressure ratio and thus redu;: the st.all margin of the JET SIMULATION AND JET INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON
individual stages Depending upon tha geo netry and the type of TAILPLANE
oscifl3tions. o-'her the beneficial effei- of the dynamic response W Gessller and R Wulf In AGARD Aerodyn Interference Jan.
reducu,.n of individuel stages at highe '-,i,.-rcresor the detrimental 1971 12 p ruts (See N71-1S353 09-01)
effects of ihe spacer volume betv,-.. . the stages will preva;l Avail: NTIS 1,ktS6OO/MFS095
Author Extensiie wind tunnel tests with let simulation have been
carried out in the low speed wind tunnel on different models of
N71-15371*# National Aeronautics arid Space Administration the European airbus Bypass engines able to simulate the correct
Ames, Rese4arch Center. Moffett Field. C,.lif ratios of let to freestream velocity have been developed and are
STUDIES OF AIRCRAFT FLOW' FIELDS AT INLET described The r3sults of force and downwash measurements show
LOCATIONS destabilizing influences of the airplane caused by jet-tailplene
Lyndell S. King end Terence W Schrr :t [Arnold Rec. Organ.. Inc interference Several steaps have been undertaken in order to minimize
In AGARD Aerodyn. Interference . .r 1970 10 p tefs (See these effects the displacement of the engines in wing-tlip direction
N71-19353 09-01) seemed to be the best so:uslon of this problem In addit:on to fnrce
(NASA-TM-X-86885) Avert NTiS ,-S,.L 20D measurements o- a com.,lete model the determination of magnitude
A wind-tinnel investigation u4 the flow fields about fuselage end direction of the flow velocitros established the boundaries of
configurations at transonic and rupersonic speeds and at angles of let influence. Author
attack up to 24 dog is reported A family of seven fuselages with
different '.ross sectional shapes vwts tested in conjunction with two
nose ashjpes. two canopies. ind twi, wings of different sweep, Flow N71-19376j British Aircraft Corp . Weybridge (England)--
field stirveys were performed at two likely inlet locations - ahead of Aerodynamics Dept
and under the wing -to ;sesas the effects of forabodv geometry THE COMPLEX AERODYNAMIC INTERFERENCE PATTERN
throughout the Mach nu.nber end engle-of-attack envelope. The DUE TO REAR FUSELAGE MOUNTED POWERPLANTS
experimental dote particularly indicate the strong influence of the P R G Williams and 0. J Stewart In AGARD Aerodyn
canoiy. norii droop, and fuoelage shape on flow angularities in the Interference Jan 1971 15 D ref (See N71-19353 09-01)
forward survey plane Nose droop and the canopy both tend to A;ai! NTIS Hr$00./MA:$09S
ledue Mnsllv~t
ngls otoPO~~re
3ttck nd o reucetheThe complex interference effects due to rear fuselage mounted e
extent of influence of lust aue lower corner geometry Uncer the power plants on modern high subsonic ti are investigatet
' povs
edce ensiiviy
aglesOf
t 1ta an toredue powTer ontmodfernc
coplent subst
efigh tonitarca fueare monvgted
wirg. however, the flow field is dominated by the effects of the Results frvm w-rrd tunnel and full scale flight tests obtained during
wing Itself. Author design and development of SAC VCIO and I-1 are discussed 01

N71-19372# National Gas Turbine Establishment. Pyestock particular interest are the favorable interference on the wing and
(England) comparisons between twin end four-engined configurations The

SOME RECENT RESEARCH ON SUPERSONIC INTAKES AT influences of changes in fuselage length. nacelle selting and rear
NOTE fuselage shaping to reduce adverse pressure fields are illustrated
M C Neale and F W Armstrong In AGARD Aerodyfi Typical pressure distributions and boundary layer traverses measured
Interference Jan 1971 1i p "efs iSee N71-1935309-01) on the standard and super VCIO in flight are presented and
Avail NTIS HCSe.0O/MF$095 comparisons are made with wind tunnel results The data presented
Drag investigations covering both supersonic and subsonic ire evaluated for the probable mechanism of the complex
flight conditions are described, and attention is focused on the interference forces set up by the presence of the power plants
difficulty of minimizing supersonic pie-entry drag wh,.e retaining an
adequate staoility margin The effects are shruwii ul shear p;i•,erw
of varying strength (;enerated in the superson-c compression field N71 19376# General Dynamics. Convair. San Diego. Calif
Reynolds number effects are also described A brief survey of EXPEPIMENTAL RESULTS OF HIGH BYPASS RATIO
prospects for mixed compression intakes offering an optimum TURSOFAN AND WING AERODYNAMIC INTERFERENCE
combination of drag and high pressure recovery in supersonic flight J E Aldridge and J L Nye (GE) in AGARD Aerodyn Interference
is included Author Jan 1971 12 p (See N71-19353 09-01)
Avail NTIS HCS600/MF$095
1`71-19373# eoeing Co. Seattle. Wash Supersonic Transport Results of a wind-tunnel in. "stiganton into the interference
Div effects of a pylon-wrng-rmounted. nigh-bypass-ratio turbofan on the
CONFIG URATION ASPECTS OF PROPULSION ;erodynamic charecterrst:cs of a twin engine subsonic airplane are
INSTALL..TION ON SUPERSONIC TRANSPORTS presented This was accomphshed using a hrgh-pressure, air turbine
Albert A Van Duine. William W Rhoades. and Walter C powered propulsion simulator mounted on a 1 '7-scale semispan
Swan in AGARD Aerodyn Interference Jan 1971 8 p (See model of the airplane Results show that significant nierference
N71-19353 09-01 j does exist. and that it varies with free stream Mach number, engine
Avail NTIS HCS800,/MFS096 power setting. end lift coefficient Generally. the drag due to
Intake decis;on closely related to configuration effects are nacelle.'bodyinterference increases with Mach number. decreases as
outlined for supersonic transport appli;ations The general problems engine power is increased an'J optimizes with lift coefficient The
of propulsion pod placement and proper integration of pod and interference level is either favorable or unfavorable dapending on
wing are discussed Thre eflerl. uf field a..d .mrC~aft
%.-y~t~i :t-.sc pararn;:c-rr Th-. prc:c:-:e c! the -accelle -irs -vo rressu-atie
maneuvers on intake performance and intake operating envelope are effect on wing upper surface pressure distribution, however. wing
treated Intake-to intake and inteke-to-wing spacing criteria are lower surlace. nacelle fan. and turbine cowl distrbut;ons are
established relative to mutual intake interference and wingibody significantly altered Author

i
01 AERODYNAMICS 5

N71-19377# Douglas Aircr.aft Co. nc Santa Monica Calf Effects of airframe-store interference on the side force and
DETERMINAYIOaI OF LOW SPEED INTERFERENCIC the drag inrrement due to pylon mounted underwing stores are
EFFECTS BY SUPERPOSITION discussed The main features of the sidewash and pressure
John L HeMssad Suzanne M Faulkner In AGARP Aerodyn distributions in the 'low field beneath a swept wing are described
Interference Jon 1971 15 p refs (%ee N71-19353 0S-01) it is noted that. whirL the loads on e store would be expected to
Avail NTIS HCS600/MFS095 vary significantly with is position under the wing some of the
The application of a computer program for potential flow interference forces may U- regarded as buoyancy effects, implying
to problems of estimating aerodynamic interference is reporteo opposing forces on the -"craft Examples of measured side force
Examples are presented of straightforward use of the program to on stores and pylons snuw that a qualitative correlation can be
calculate flow about mote complicated configurations than could obtained with underwing sidewash data Comparisons of the axial
proviously be handled Superposition is also used to conserve force on stores end pylons and the drag increment with estimates
computing time The program greatly expands the usefulness of the of the freestream drag of the store assembly, are presented and.
superpositiori method. First, the component flows to be superposed at low speed and low to moderate C. these demonstrate the
may be anh of the very general class ,fsolutions that the expected cancellation of some of the interference forces Brief
program can cilculate Second. by comparing flows calculated by descriptions of methods being developed for the prediction of store
superposition with the same flows calculated exactly hy the and pylon side force and installed drag increment are included
program, the limits of validity of the superposition principle can be Authpr
determined with a new precision Examples are presented of
calculated flow fields and of comparisons cf exact a,,d iuperposed N71-1f381# McDonnell Aircraft Corp. St Louis Mo
solutions Author EVALUATION OF THE PREDICTION OF AIRPLANE STORE
INTERFERENCE BY LINEAR THEORY
Gordon G Gross and Dean R Bristow In AGARD Aerudyn
N71-19378# Office Nationxil d'Etudes et de Recherces Interference Jan 1971 12 p refs (See N71-1935309-011
Aerospatrales Paris (France) Avail NTIS HCS600/MFS095
WIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATION INTO AERODYNAMIC A ring-body analy•is computer program .s u.ed to calculate
INTERACTIONS INDUCED BY DROP LOADS IETUOE the interference flow field a: a store location due to a wing-body
EN SOUFFLERIE DES INTERACTIONS AERODYNAMIQUES combitraton. and the resulting loads applied to the store
DUES AUX CHARGES LARGABLESI Interference loads predicted by inear theory are compared with test
J Chr stophe and J Costa In AGARD Aerodyn Interference Jan data on typical fighter bomber configurations at subsonic and
1971 1t p refs In FRENCH. ENGLISH summey [Sea supersonic speeds The subsonic case conssts of stowed load
N71-19353 09-011 wind turnel data on a body representing the SUU-16A gun pod
Avail NTIS HC$6O0iMF$0 95 mounted on the outboard wing pylcti of the F-4C airplane The
Techniques for the investigation of aerodynamic interactions supersonic case consists of loads on a sting Supported store model
results S-v±ci lOredi
are reported ire reviewed
Emphasis anci on
is placed some
directrepresertative
tracings of ' "..h.e v'he
fighter r!Cy Oat aMach
bomber swwow1 6wngi.hioiv rombination
The results reoresentinQ a
of the con-parison ahoy,,
o. •pped load trajectories and mctorocket ropelled missiles by high the detailed survey of the interference flow ield provided by the
speedI flmi,% in the wind tun,,el Obtained reiJlts are compared with method, and indicate that it is a promising method of estimating
those trot" , i newly developed aliernativs method of weighing store interference effects from the airplane geometry Author
the load in meaerodynamc field of the aircraft and reconstructing
its trajectory by computing routine Authvr

N71-19382# Breguet-Aviation. Paris

(France)
N71-19379m Nielson Engincering and Research Inc. Palo Alto. ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL STORES
Calif FASTENED UNOEA , N ARROW WING ON THE
A CALCULATIVE METHOD FOR PREDICTING STORE LONGITUDINAL STABILITY OF THAT AIRCRAFT
SEPARATION TRA.JECTORIES AT SPEEDS UP TO THE IANALYSE DE L'INFLUENCE DE CHARGES EXTERNES
CRITICAL SPEED FIXEES SOUS LA VOILURE D'UN APPAREIL A AILE EN
Jack N Nielson Frederick K Goodwin. and MarnsA F E O,Ilenrus FLECHE SUR LA STABILITE LONGITUDINALE DE CET
Ir AGARD Aerodyn Interference Jan 1971 14 p refs AVIONI
Sponsored byAFFDL rRn 'it1 13353 01 l Tasse!re I/ A.(ARr A-rndvn Interference Jan 1971 '3 p
AvailNTiS HCS600.,'MFS095 In FRENCH, ENGLISH summary iSee N71-1935309-01)
A theory has been developed for predrr.rng the tralectories Avail NTIS H.$S6 00/MF1$095
of external stores dropped from high-speed air( raft up to the Wind tunnel test results show that external stores fastened
critical speed The method consists of three steps i )prediction of under a swept wing by pylons decrease longitudinal stability of the
the non-uniform flow field in the vicinity of the store. (2) prediction aircraft Most of this stability loss comes from the increased
of store forces and moments in the nonuniform flow field, and 13l deflection of the horizontal tail due to vorii(.e field development at
calculation of the tralortory A vorlex lattice method used for the the pylon's trailing edge tois is caused by the force of the local
first step predicts well the flovw field velocity components under the sideslip at the lower part of the wing that produce a lateral lift
wir'.g or flselage A simplified slender body method for calculating force on the pylon The deflection changes the stability o' the
the normal force and moment on the external store is moderately aircraft as a function of the angle of attack Author
successful by comparison with experiment Calculated trajectories
based on the simplified method are in fair agreement with
experiment Author N71-19383# Boeing Co Wichita Kans
SEPARATION CRITERIA FOR DENSELY PACKED STORES
IN OMS SAYS
N71-19380N Aircraft Research Associatinn Ltd Bedford Richard 8 Holloway. Donald L Sutcliffe. and James 0 Woodward
lEnglandl In AGARD Aerodyn Interference Jan 1971 10 p ISee
EXAMPLEb OF AINIFHAMI: •TCRE INTER;:ERE NCE N7 1-19353 09-01)
J B Burry in AGARO Aenodyn Interference Jar. 1971 12 p Avail NTIS HCS6OO/MFS095
refs (See N71 19353 09 01 Seperstion characteristics of the weapons in the densely
AvailNrIS HC S 00 MF SO 95 packed 0-52 bombing system configuration 1224-7 proved to be
6 01 AERODYNAMICS

dependent on the release siequence, releaes interval and release all conditions tested The half-pod configuration produced as
sirspotod Several different release sequences were investigated to much as a 20 percent Irag reduction over that of th , equivalent
scilin bomb collision problems. A successful **quence was lertived whole-pod It &ISO seeoaeti.'i - tanly although an election force was
which provided satisfactory bomb rele&s* chiaracteristics when a necessary in order to prevent a pitch-up maneuver and possible
minimum clearance of one bomb diamnter between adjacent bombs collision at the higher Mach number Author
is provided as the bomb clears the guide rails Flight tests indicated
the optimnal oerformance )f a three-bay configuration with a
minimum release interval of 80 to 50 milliseconds Author

N71-193870 Naval Ordnance Lab V White Oak. Md

T
AIRCRAFT.!S ORE INTERFERENCE
Nil-IS W4# Royal A!!;,tii Eiabli~rshent. Fainbororigh (England) Chris A Kalirtretenios hin AGARD Aerodyn Interference Jan
FLIGHT INVESTIGATION OF A TECHNIQUE FOR THE 1911 16 p refs (See N71-19353 Cr9-Oil
MEASLIOEMENT OF THE TOTAL AND INTERFIERENCE Avail NTIS HCS60O/MF$O95
DRAG OF TXTERNAL STORES A series of tests relating to the carriage and separation
K P King In AGARD Aerodyn interference ,,an 1971t 13 pcharacteristics of a newi- developed rocket launcher pod are
refs (SaoeN71-19353 09-O1) reported The objectives of tMe tests were to identify those flight
Avai N~; HCS00/MSO9Sconditions under which separation of the launcher might result in
Pesaults are given of (he0 (tight investigation of a technique dmg otearrf n oOti aafo hc h eaaii
for the measurement of the dreg of external stores which can be behavior coild be predicted Included in this $error of tests was
jaetirscrned The technique is to drop the stores and evaluate the a pod installation ioice test, a flow-field survey test anr! a pod
Stor drg frm te i aicraf acelaetio slnjlettison
Fesulantchage test In each investigation, the loaded and empty rocket
ýhe flight path In an exploratory series of tests. 1000 lbobombs shoulder sttons oefte scarened triplte eletorfn racnlctd ontbohe
were dropped from a Hunter aircraft and the variation of the drtg dluthudrsainrftesae til lco aklctdo h
to the stores as they separated fronm the aircraft rv- d-r-rmrned inboard wring station of an A-4 airicraft model The pod tends to
Ti a results indicate that, with this particular aircraft, ~tore, pitch nose upward at high wrrcra~t angles of attack and nose
ccmbination, there is no significant variation of the total installed downward at low aircraft angles if attack In full scale tests the
drag with C sub L over the range tested but file interference drag nose of the empty pod collides with the wing of the aircraft when
vi ries inearly with C sub L squared. Author launched from the shoulder station at a~rspeeds below 250 knots
and the tail impacts the rack when launched from the centerl~ne
at airspeeds above 4-jO knots Ault~or
~4-11938150 General Dynamics]J Pomona Calrif
P. METHOD FOR PREDICTING INTEteRERNCE FORCES
AND MOMENTS ON AIRCRAFT STC., -AT SUBSONIC N71-193Se0 Naval Siiii Reajj:ýh 2'nd Cevelnpmgrnt Lenier.
SPEED$ sSigon '
F 0FernandesrIn AGARD Aerodyn IIefr, Jn17 W-hnln Cv
9nefeec res19e71133O-1
Ja PREDICTION OF STORE LAUNCH CHARACTERISTICS 1
Avparel NISe HCS-1935FS09 01 THROUGH STATIS rICAL METHODS
Avi method iCs dveopedfSor hoeial95drl h odn Michael A Sekellick /-i AGARO Aerodyri Interlereice Janj
A mehol
fr teorticllypreictr~gtheloaing197
isdevlopd 1 1it p refs iSee N71 -19353 OS-Oil
un aircraft Stores at Separation for Subsonic flow The method Avail NTIS HC$600/V1ISO 95
-onsists of predicting the flow field about the airLiaft by using Two statistical m'tIhod5 are presented which have the capability
singularity distributions to represent the arrcra~t according to lineai ut generating aquatic is to predict the separation Characteristics of
thesrY the effect of the variable interlerence flaw field is integrated airborne stores from aircraft A mathematical relation was found
over hatistore by using the free-air load distribution properties of between a configuration. the launch conditions and the associated
the atO., locally Buoyancy effects aer included The loading over trajectory The aircraft; store combination. was described by
each store- fin is given special consideration with regard to its parameters representing the import n-.t geometric and physical
interaction writh the aircraft pylon and with other store surfaces A features which affect separation behavior Each launch event was
FORTRAN computer program performs the calculations Effects of catalogued in terms of such parameters end the resulting saeparation
aircraft wing. fuseviagle. I.- i.aiid ntsare ;r-c:!-dgd Stcre oerenr'Th r y~ rhen qtatrstically analyzed to predict the
moment calculations under an F-4C aircraft are compared with test outr-,nes of untried launch srtuat-Ois Author

N71-232100 Advisory Group for Aerospace Researc~i and

N?1-193S66 Noval Ship Research end Development Center. Development ParisIF~ancel
Washington. C,C FREOUINCY RESPONSE FUNCTIONS AND HUMAN PILOT
A STUDY OF CAPTIVE FLIGHT DRAG AND SEPARATION MODELLING
CHARACTERISTICS OF UFTINO BODY (HALF BOMB AND Mar 1971 65 p refý Mostly in ENGLISH partly in FRENCH
"HALF
POD) STORE CONFIGURATIONS IAGARO-R 580 71) A~aI- NTISI
Roger J Furey and C Joseph Martin In AGARO Aerodyn
Interferer~ v Jan 1971 11 p efat (Sere N71-19353 09-0 1) CONTENTS
Avail NTIS 1C6OMS9
THE ART OF DETERM~INING GUST FREQUENCY
The use of lririn; bodies its a basic shape for externally RESPONSE FUNCTIONS J C Houborll Merlon Res Associates of
carried stores is considered as e means of overcoming the Princeton Inc i p 1 20 iets -See N7 1 2321 1 12 0OiI
large incremental drag and poor *oepration qualities of the mote 2 THE EFFEC-T OF ACTIVE CONTROLS ON STRUCTURAL
conventionally shaped aircraft stores Wind-tunnel teats were RESPONSES C. F Newbierry J I Arnold and G J Kass 'Boeing
conducted on s helf-bomb and a half-pod to determine their captive Co Wichita. Kunrs i :) 21 44 refs (See N71 23212 12 02)
flight drag and separation ciraracterrsilce Testing eiasa c-ncductrA 'I TRAN"SFFR FUNCTION OF FLEXILtE AIRCRAFT To
at Mach numbers of 0 74 and 1 838The half-bomts, were found AMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE U3 Coupry iONERA. Paris Francei
to have as much as 1 35 percent drag roduct-on. in v simulated p 45 58 W- !See N7 1232 13 12 02,
captive flight condition, over its equivalent whole-bomb counterpart. 4 HUMIAN PILOT PMOQL~LLIN(: H F Hudillesto', iRAE
and separated cleanly without the use of an election force under Fainboroupli Engi t, 59 65 re-, iSee N71123214 12 041
 01 AERODYNAMICS 7

N 71-23211# Aseronautc alI Research A, sociatIes of Prince Ion, Inc.- renerate substantiral lead or lagcht~aacteristlcs ana 14) benaves as
NJ1 ifle respondecI to somreeevents about twirce a second Author
THE ART OF DETERMINING GUST FREQUENCY RESPONSE
FUF.CTION
John C Hooubolt in AGARD Freq Response Functions and Human
9
Pilot Modelling Mar 1 7i p I 20 refs (See N71-23210 N71-29333# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
1ý._Otl Development. Paris (Prance)
A ail NTIS SYMPOSIUM ON UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS FOR
The art of determining the f requen~cy tresponse function for AEROELASTIC ANALYSES OF INTERFERING SURFACES.
gust response. ind of deriving the associated structural response PART I
parameter-s A and IN sub 0 is discussed Measured and computed April 1971 92 It refs Held at Tonriberg. Norway. J - 4 Nov.
values are conmpared to show the degree of success obtained it 1970
is brought out that frequency response determination is a JAGARD-CP-SO-71( Avail NTIS
001"1pt~tpr~Onfilly large task and that simiplrfied procedures are needed
Emphasis is also given to the fact that there is not a frequency CONTENTS.
response function for the arrplane but that thera are many 1 SOME CONSIDERATIONS RELATIVE TO THE
depending on flight conrditions A Procedureis Suggests()for helping PREDICTION OF UNSTEADY AIR LOADS ON INTERFERING
t0 establish the appropriate lfrequency response funrctrons. anti the SURFACES H Ashley (Stanford Urnin) 22 p refs (See N7 1.29334
A and N sub o values for use rin design.k Author 17-01)
2 CALCULATION METHODS FOR LUNSTEADY AIRFORCES
OF TANDEM SURFACES AND T-TAILt IN SUBSONIC FLOW D
N71-23212N Boeing Co Wicirrla. Kans E Davis (Royal Aircraft Esfab. 'arnborough. England) 22 p refs
THE EFFECT OF ACTIVE CONTROLS ON STRUCTURAL (Sae N71-29335 17-01)
RESPONSES 3 REPRESENTATION OF A WING IN THE LIFTING
F Newbeiry. James I Arnold and Gerald J Kass In
Clifford LINE. APPLICATION OF THE INTERACTION CALCULATIONS OF
AGARD Freq Response Functions a'-d Human Pilot Modelling TWO WINGS IN TANDEM R Dat and Y AI-amarsu "fice Nail
Mar 1971 p 21 44 gels (See N7 1-232 10 12-O1h DEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales. Paris. Frar.cel 17 p
Avail NIIS refs(See N71-29336 17-O1)
The use of an active control system on large flexible aircraft 4 A SUPERSONIC BOX COLLOCATION METHOD FOR
to improve flying qualities ride qualities, and to alleviate loads THE CALCULATION OF UNSTEADY AIRFORCIES OF TANDEM
reQuire a good mathematical model The number of modes to be SURFACES 0 L Woodcock and E J York iRoyal Aircraft Estab.
included is treated from a standpoint of stabilrty and for structural Fainborough. England) 26 p refs (See N7 1-29337 17-01)
loads evaluation The verification of the model during flight testing -
iS discussed Frecluenci response, transient response and itridom 1171-21113340 bitanlord Univ. Caif)
response techniques are presenlted Presented are twvo exiamples SOME CONSIDERATIONS REL.ATIVE To THE PREDICTION
one dealing with a lowerr structural mnode frequenicy that affect, OF UNSTEADY AIR LOADS ON INTERFERING SURFACES
the handling qualities and ride qualities of the aircraft anid -. e other H Ashley in AGARD Symp on Unsteady Aerodynamics for
deals with a higher frequency mode that is a stabirlitr Problem Aeroelastic Analyses of Interfering Surfaces. Part I Apr 1971
Coirsideratron for artificial damping oý the flutter mode is also 22 p refs (See N7t1-29333 17-0 t1)
presented Author Avail NTIS
Loading singularities inherent in linearizedpotential
theory
are classified as local. in the sense that broth the nature and
N711-232113s Office National d Etudes et die Rechrerche% magnitude of the singularirty are determined by boundary conditions
Aerospatialrts. Paris (Francei in the inner field, or global, in the sense that the entire boundary
TRANSFER FUNCTIONS OF FLEXIBLE AIRCRAFT TO value problem must be s,)lved to determine their details Available
ATMOSPHERIC TURUSLENCE IFONCTIONS DE results are reviewed relative to drscontinuitres in surface slope.
TRANSFERT D'UN AVION SOUPLC A LA TI F'.BULENCE] planform shape. dihedral angle. etc . end sugqcestions areoffered for
G Coupry in AGARO Flog Response Functions and Human Pilot combinrig them intonumerical solution schemes With respct to
Modelling Mar 157 1 P 45i 48 .. rf, ;.-, r I EN, 1 l SQc tIr-.a natj5;; of i ft~rng sui'Iecev
m~trCit ic-led~ir roer nt activity
N7f-23210 12-011 in the United States on cont~nuous solut ion of various subson~c
Avail NTIS and supersonic cases is describred Rega ding the area-element or
Computation and measurement ý tlirp transaer luncti,n of box approach to the latter it is recommended Ithat an element in
an aircraft flexible t0 atmospheric turbulenLcŽ are reported Alter a the form of a trapreziur... similar to that employed by Woodward
survey of the usable turbulence molels, the .,-n-rputation of the for steady flow, will also improve the behavior of predicted loads
!iansfer func~tion for isotropic turbulence is d-,,ubned. it is shown for oscillatory motion of interacting surfaces Formulas for certain of
that it is hardly mote complicated than in the case of uniform the required influence coefficients are developed Some nonlinear
turbulence Finalfy. the methods for meast-ri.ng the liar sfor functicin effects are examined which are felt to have greater significance for
are described Author interference problems then for isolated lilling wings The pI-'erionens
include the normal displacement and self.defor metrion of wakes
N7l1-232114# R(ryal A re-,.!tilsiriti Fartb ,cruqtr which induce loads on aftsiae the loc al ,influences of
rEngland) Human Fact' sG;ri-jirt profile thickness and displac'emenIt dueato boundas layrer growth
HUMAN PILOT MOijELLING Author
'It F Huldie,,vrn ill AGARV~ Fri-i, Resiuorlsi' Fiinrrrior.s arid Hur-r
Pilot Mode;irij MAar 1911 Ii 59 65 ret-, See N7t 23210 N71-293350 Royal Aircraft Estahlts: -ent Farnborouprhilinglandl
v2i N0)) CALCULATION METHODS FOR UNSTEADY AIRFORCES OF
TANDEMA S'JRFACES AND T TAILS IN SUBSONIC FLOW
Hurnan fac~tor-, ion~lir.-irriq atr ir- deim pililot11
transfer 0 E Davis /t- AGARD Syrop on Unsteadyj Acrodynamics for

B
firrictroirs are cor.rir-, nu .ull tmrtiiinl-rirte, li,,w Aeroelastic Analyses of imrterle -rn. Siiiacrs Part I Api 1971
I!at martasda rakvrjtin riar- i o- rr. iiil -2-nai 22 P rats (See N7l -29333 1 -01-
a frult ill' earlijrrir n -3-8r~rati rii.ur re Avail NTIS
 8 01 AERODYNAMICS

The tamis of numerical methods, using continuous distributions Distil. and S J Pollocit. (AFSC. Wright -Patterson AFB. Ohio, 24 P
of loading, for evaluating oscillatory generallsed sirforce coefficients refs (See NJ7I -29341 17-0))
for interfering and enteraract.trif surfaces inclined everywhere at 4 APPLICATION OF UNSTEADY AIRFORCE CALCULATION
small angles to a subosonic mainstream flow.:- described Particular METHODS TO AGARC INTERFERENCE CONFIGURATIONS D E
appl"iction to tandem surfaces and T-tsils is discussed briefly Davies& RAE:. Fainborough. England) 18 p (See N71-29342
Author 17-01)
5 MEASUREMENT OF UNSTEADY AIR LOADS CF
INTER~ACTION BETWEEN LIFTING SURFACES IN TANDEM A
N71-29336# Office National d'E udes et do Recherchas Desluynder iOff.:e NatId'Etudes et de Recherches Aefrosipaliales.
Aerosoalialas Paris (France) Paris. France) 12 p refs (See N7 1-29343 17-Oi)
REPRESENTATION OF A WING IN THE LIFTING LINE; 6 T-TAIL_ AEROELASTIC ANALYSIS FOR FOKKER IF28
APPLICATION OF THE INTERACTION CALCULATIONS OF J Yfl and R J Zwaan (Verernigle Flugtechnische Werke-Fokkot
TWO WINOS IN TANDEM IREPRESENTATION D'UNE G m bH. Munich. West Germany) 15 p refs (See N71-29344
AIL.! PAR DES LONIES PORTANTES; APPLICATION AU 117-01)
CALCULODEL'INTERACTIONODEODEUX AILIESEN TANOEMI 7 SOME RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON FLUTTER IN .
A Doat and Y Aksmatsu In AGARD Symp on Unsteady SUBSONIC FLOW CAUSED BY INTERFERENCE A.ERODYNAMIC
Aerodynamics for Aeroelastic Anas~ses of interfering Surfaces Part OCSBTENWN N ALO AtBEGOER
I Apr 1971 17 p refs in FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (See AIRCRAFT W Seidel and 0 Sensburg
N7 1-29333 17-01) lMesserschmitt-Boetkow-Blohm G m b H. Munich. West Germany)
AvailNTIS 10 p refs(See N71-29345 17-011
The simulation of wings by a lattice of tiring lines is 8 UNSTEADY 4EROOYNAMIC3E FOR WINGS WITH
summarized for the computation of unsteady aerodynamic forces on CONTROL SURFACES H Tildaman and R J Zwaan (Nefl Auro-
combinations including sever~i lifting sirrfaces. such as and Astron Res Inst 1 15 D refs iSee '47 1-29346 17-011
wing-horizontal tail or fin horilonlL,; tail It cen be considered as a 9 APPLICATION OF LIFTING SURFACE THEORY TO
compromise between the doublet lat~ice method which is WINGS PROVIDED WITH CONTROL SURFACES 8 Darras and
advantageous for Is flexibility. and lt.'a so called lifting surfac' R Oat ýOlice Nail d Etudes et de Recherches Aerosp~tiales, Paris.
method whose results are more accurate for a given number of France) 14 p refs (See N7 1-29347 17-01)
collocation points A numerical m~ogram was developed for the 10 UNSTEADY AIRFORCES FOR WINGS WITH CONTROL
applicatior to wings lying in !wo parallel planes The particular SURFACES PART 1 LOADING FUNCTIONS B L Hewitt I1"ritish
features of the method of calculatio~, are u)resented. as well as some Aircraft Coll. Warton England) 26 p refs (See N7 1-29348
numerical results Author 17-01 1
11 UNSTEAJ)Y AIRFORCEIZ FOR WINGS WITH CONTROL
N71-293370 Rpf-ri Airicraft Establishment Fainborough rEngland) SURFACES PART 2 CALCULATION METHODS 8 L Hewitt
A SUPERSON3,; BOX COLLOCATION METHOD FOR THE (British Aircraft Corp Warion. Englendl 24 p refs (See
CALCULATION OF UNSTEADY AIRFORCES OF TANDEM N71 29349 17 01,
SURFACES 12 PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ON AN HARMONICALLY
D L Woodcock arid E J Yoik I AGARD Syrnp on Unsteady OSCILLATING SWEPT WiNG WITH TWO CONTROL SURFACES
Aero~jynamrcs for Aeroela tic Analyses of lnterleinqr~ Surfaces Part IN INCOMPRESSIBL'E FLOW H Forsching. H Triebstein. and J
I Apr 1971 26 p refs (See N71 29333 17701 Wagener D0eutsche ForsChungsu-d 'Versuchsanstalt fuer Lull. und
Avail NTIS Raumlahit Guettingen West Germanyt 15 p refs (See
* A bor collocatioin method is ilevelooed 'o the dletermination N7 1-29350 17-01)
of the airlorces on a paii of tandem suirfaces 'not rrecessaolv
coplanari undergoing Small oscilIlatoiy displdcerrrerrt it, a suieisr.-iC.
flow The perturbation velo.-ity, ootiiiiai is evaluated ill the vertices Mnich939
WetVermany)eFuehish ekFkle
of a lattice of Macli lines on cacti wrein The results of the Mnc etGray
application of the method to a vriig larlolarie conliguratiori each of SUBSONIC UNSTEADY AIRLOADS ON MULTIPLE LIFTINO
trianguilar planlorin are given Author SURFACES
G Boehm and H Schmid in AGARD Symp on Unsteady

Airodynamics for Aeroelastic Analyses of Interfering Surfacing. Part

N71-29339# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Avail NTIS
Development Paris (France) uvyi rsne ftemi etrso itn atc
SYMPOSIUM ON UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS FOR sprsnt f h surfeace meathods Way
liton exttien
AEROELASTIC ANALYSES OF INTERFERING SURFACES. patcuarbitrar lifting surface metondigWtros arexalnd
mexiostn methds
PART existusdTefloing
mtosoaritrashrt desritinsufconofigrthese fnamentalso
PAprT11 23pr HlatTner Nowy34Nvndiasdetaied disfo ssiong nuesricalo me thodese fudaenablsh
isasofrth
Ar1970 23y n tIesHoda-rgNray34No
audtnored Rsculsso obtaied nueial bepeseteods and comparlsed
(AGARD-CP-BO-711 Avail NTIS with other theories Author

CONTENTS
1 SUBSONIC UNSTEADY AIRLOADS ON MULTIPLE LIFTING N71-29340m Douglps Aircraft Co . Inc . Long Beach Calif
SURFA CES G Boehm and H Schmid IVereirrgte Flugtechnrsche NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE
Work-Fokker GmI b H. Munich. West Germanyl 28 p refs (See SU13SONIC DOUBLET- LATTI CE METHOD FOR NONPLANAR
N7 1-29339 17-Oil) CONFIGURATIONS
2 NEW DEVELOPMENTS AsND APPLICATIONS OF WNP Rodden J P Giesing. and T P Kalman In AGARD Symp
THE SUBSONIC DOUBLET LATTIC:E METHOD FOR NONPLANAR on Unsteady Aefrodynamics; for Aeroelasric Analyses of Interfering
CONFIGURATIONS WN P Ro~iden 4 V t Gresing. and T P Surfaces Part 2 Apr 1971 28 p refs (SieeN71-29338 17 Oil
Kcarman i~oirgas
t ic, l CU -i v.ir-C Ccic,. Ca!.! !28 p :c%: Ava.1 NTI
,See N7 1-29340 17 01) Procedur~es Ion 'alrulal-ng the nducedt by a
oirrrntala-.sasir
3 APPLICATION OF AFFDL UNSTEADY LOAD PREDICTION doublet line in nontIarirr corilig..n'alrurr, and lo- calciilar~ng the
METHOD TO IN'ERFIFRING SURFACES W J Mykytow J J inlteferfence betweeon V.iirl arid Iodieci are grweri Applicationis are
01 AERODYNAMICS 9

made to a non-coplanar wing-tear combination, a number of N71-29344# Verern-gte Flugtechnische Werke-Fokker Gm b H.

empennage configurations, a wing-fuselage and a wing-nacelle Munich (West Germany)
c)rnb-netron Also considered is the calculation of veloc.ty T-TAIL AEROELAS'IC ANALYSIS FOR FOKXER F.26
comrponents ,n the flow field during oscillatory mntion and the J Yff and R J Zwaan (Nail Ae~o and Astronautical Res. Ins i)
calculation of the distribution of induced drag in steady flow /n AGARD Symp on Unsteady Aerodynamics for Aeroelastic
Examplat of both calculat.'sns are also presented Author Analyses of Interfering Surfaces. Part 2 Apr 1971 15 p raft
tSee N71-29338 17.01)
Avail NTIS
N71-29341# Air Force Systems Command. Wright-Patterson Data from an aeroelastic and flutter analysis Are rresented
AFS. Ohio Flight Dynamics Lab I he data include lateral gust loading, aircraft designs. "ndmission
APPUCATION OF AFFOL UNSTEADf LOAD PREDICTION analysis The results indiate that mass balancing of the rudder and
METHOD TO INTERFERING SURFACES aileron may be deleted, testing time for high speed flutter may be
W J Mykytow. J J Olsen and S J Pollock In AGARD Symp reduced. and the risks of extensive modifications to the design may
on Unsteady Aerodynamics for Aeroelastic Analyses of Interfering be reduced The tests also achieved the certification of the aircraft
Surfaces. Part 2 Apr 1971 24 p refs ioee N71-29338 17-01) E H.W
Avail NTiS
The results of engineering applications of subsonic and
supe;sonic lifting surface methods to some of the AGARD N71-29345# Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm GmbH. Munich
configurations and o!har interesting configurations, are presented iWest Germany)
SOME RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON FLUTTER IN
The subsonic kernel function program is applied to sevsral aspects SONIC F C S INTFER IN
of the wing-tail interaction problem The subsonic double lattice SUBSONIC FLOWR BY
CAUSED INTERFERENCE
method is also applied to the problem Results 3ie also presented ARIABLE G OMET ACT
fo( a supersonic Mach box program dr.eloped for T-tails and VARIABLE GEOMETRY AIRCRAFT
cfuciform tails along with comparisons with piston theory W Seidel and 0 Sensburg I AGARD Symp on Unsteady
Comparison between the subsonic kernel function and the doublet Aerodynamics for Aeroelastir Analyses of interfering Surfaces. Part
lalttce method is generally quite good While the double lattice 2 Apr 1971 10 p refs (See N71-29338 17-01)
method usually equired greater computing times for thn same Avail ATIS
accuracy as the kern31 function method, it has some advantages in A method for routine flutter calc'ulatons utlizig interference
its favor such as ease of application and exter~sior. to more aerodynamic forces between wing and tail is pres-inted The
complicated configurations The supersonic results presented here elastomechanic system of the aircraft is describeJ by branch
appear to be of the proper order o0 magnitude when compared with modes and the airforces for these branch modes are produced by
piston theory. however more applications and careful checking are superimposing air forces for arbitrary polynomials The air forces are
indicated .3. calculated for a distinct vertical offset between wing and tail With
the exact kernel functions A large variety of stiffness parameter
variations was performed such as wing stfiness. fuselage stiffness
N71-29342# Royal Aircralt Establishment Fainborough (England) and tailplane connection stiffness in order tO get a better
APPLICATIONS OF UNSTEAO'r AIRFORCE CALCULATION understanding of trie flutter phenomenon involved and to find a cure
METHODS TO AGARD INTERFERENCE CONFIGURATIONS for solving the problem Some of the results are compare; with
0 E Davies In AGARD Symp on Unsieady Aerodynamics for results from wind tunnel model tests to establish the validity of
Aeroelestic Aralyses of Interfering Surfaces. Part 2 Apr 1971 the analytical method used Author
18 p (See N71-29338 17-01O
Avail NTIS N71-29346x National Aero- and Astronautical Research Inst.
Calcilaton-. of generalised airfor~e coefficients were carried Amsterdam (Netherlands)
out 1ot the configurations of w,ng and horizontal tail and of in and UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS FOR WINGS WITH CONTROL
horizontal tail osculating in subsonic flow in prescribed modes at SURFACES
given frequencies Author H Tideman and R J Zwaan In AGARD Symp on Unsteauy
Aerodynamics for Aeroulastic Analyses of Interfering Surfaces. Par
2 Apr 1971 15 p refs (See N71-29338 17-01)
Nil -29n•43 Office NatiOnbl d Etudes at de ct~ercnei~s Avail NTIS
Aerospatiales Paris IFrancel A kernel function method to calculatc pressure distributions over
MEASUREMENT OF UNSTEADY AIR LOADS OF wings with harmonically oscillating control surfaces in subsonic
INTERACTION BETWEEN LIFTING SURFACES IN TANDEM flow is briefly discussed Comparisons of calculated and measured
IMESURES DES FORCES INSTATIONNAIRES pressure distributions are given for different planforms. Mach
DINTERACTION ENTRE SURFACES PORTANTES EN numbers and reduced frequencies An anelysis is given of pressure
TANDEMI distributions measured at high subsonic and transonic Mach
A Destuynder In AGARO Symp on Unsteady Aerodynamics for numbers Author
Aeroelastic Analyses of Interfering Surfaces Part 2 Apr 1971
12 p rats In FREhNCH. ENGLISH summary tSee Ni7129338 N71-29347# Office National d Ftudes at de Recherches
17 Oi) Aerospahiales Paris (Francel
Avail NTIS APPLICATION OF LIFTING SURFACE THEORY TO WINGS
A series of wind tunnel tests were perforrn-d in view of PROVIDED WITH CONTROL SURFACER {APPLICATION
analyzing the influence of several parameteis on the aerodynarnir DE LA THEORIE DE LA SURFACE PORTANTE A DES
interference between twu lifting suilares in r•ralern The aim was AILES MUNIES UE GOUVERNESI
to determine the magnitude of Ine coupling terms in order to B Doarras and R Dot in AGARD Symp on Unsteady Aerodynamics
provide a theoretical explanation of tile flutter ,istablites Occurrir.g for Aeroelsalic Analyses of Interfering Surfaces. Part 2 Apr 1971
on variable %weep airplanes rhe tests were hflitnid to two types 14 p refs in FRENCH. ENG!ISH summary (S-,& N71-29338
of motion pure translation and pure pitching oscillation of one 17-01)
wing The model consisted of two rectar.gular or swept wings whose Avail NTIS
relative position could b., adiusten continuously in the horizo-tal ac A method for solving the problem of control surfaces in subsonic
well as in the vertical dir.ctron Some comparisons between tiheory unsteady flow is considered It is based on the exp!.citation of
and experiment ore givi n Author the logarithmic singularity of the pressure field and on an analysis

L'"•"1
"r~ •• ::••'-....•'"••Y•- -; -•' ..... .... ' : = -5 • ] i- "-:•; ... . ..... 'j
10
01 AERODYNAMICS

of the usaual matrix solution of the integral equation This David J Peake May 1971 18 p refs Conf held at Silver Spring.
method. whoze applcation to a rec; angul or wing has &$tod'i been Md .28 30 Nov 1970
described, isextended hers to an arb-trary planform The con'parison IAGARD-AR-34-7 11 Avail NTIS
of .xsenmeintal and theoretical results ofitained for the rtetngular A critique of topics discussed at the AGARD meeting on
wing is also Shown. Authpor aerodynamic interference is presented Discussions evaluated
include wng-body and wing body-tail interference.
and arrlrames-stores interference
Airraf Cor
N71-934# ~artn
Brtis . (nglacliairframe propulsion interactions.
FtCorR GS WITHo COngtROL The major advance is considered to be the treatment of a lilting
UNSTEADY3 BIFritisAr WINS Y'ITHCONROLwing-body combination in which a sheet of trailing vorticity from
FO
UNSTADYAIRFRCE
: LADIG
SURACE. PRT PNC~0NSa wing was coupled w~ith the finite element mnethod It is
1S L Hewitt In AGARD Symp ori Unsteady Aerodynamics for recommended that a calibration model of a wing body combineltin
Aeroeieaitic Analyses of Interfering Surfaces. Port 2 Ap' 1971 be chosen for checking various computation schemes and some
26 prefs(Se17011highN712938 Reynolds number wind tunnel tests be conducted to provide
Avail NTIS details of the tunction pressure distributions and the
An attemspt was made. throufh the use of matched asymTptoi three dimensional boundary layerto and wakes F0 S
expansroni techniques. to define methods for finding the inner
singular pressure loading functions associated with a wide variety
N71-35198# Advisory Group for AsirmptpC Research and
of interaction effects on wings with unbelfinced control surfaces
The work is basic in the-. it facr'railtes the construction of adequate Dowelcopmant. Pon* (France). St',-.;Qures and Materials Pane
loading forms which are neci~ssery before attempting to obtain A COMPARISON OF METHODS USED IN LIFTING
convergent lifting surface theory solutions It extends the practical SURFACE THEORY
for 0) L Woodcock (AAE, Farnborough. Enw I) Jun. 1971 149 j;
scope of Landshf a work and gives. as a result. sound reasons
Author refs Supplrement to the Manual on Aeroielasticity. Pert 8. Ssee
modifying the loading recipes N85- 24758
(AGrARD-R-683-71) Avail NTIS
A pint riesearch prof.'. organized by the AGARD Structures
N71-29349# British Aircraft Corp . Warton (England
UNSTEADY AIRFORCEI FOR WINGS, WITH CONTROL end Materials Panel is reported The purpose of the project is to
merits of different methods of calculating
SURFCES PAT2:CALULAIONMETODSestablish the relative
the air forces on oscillating wings, and to provide a standard
SUFCS
L nAART2 CALmATonMUseTHyAeodynmcSo
Peit
Anaye A oAR Smpforng SurfcstePady AeoyZ mc o wfioc!ý czn t;- uz;4 in the futur't for comparison or test purposes
B Hewsitt A scheme of cases to be considered was set up which covered
IteferngSuracs. ar 1Apr 1971
Aerelsti Aalyes&
24 p refs (See N71-29338 17.01) variations of the parameters. planform geometry. mach number
Avail NTIS reduced firoquef.cy and mode of oscillation Contributions came
Using the local loading solutions, a numeiacat method is from six countries using nearly thirty different methods and
u-,r.iLrd wi-t.i~ acwateir a-aluates 'he as;Cccacd d'scont.:njuus comrpr~ing nearly eight hundred calculations The tabulated
dlownwash distribution. w(2) for steady flow W121 is then results are poreceded by descriptions of the various methodis used
and by a comprehensive system of annotation Author
regularised through the specified boundary Conditions to give wt 11t
which can then bc used to gain converged solutions for the
residual loading Full loading solutions are found for rectangular N71-36400# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
wing with control surface conifigurations in incompressible flow, andDelomn.PisIFac)AHcCmite IFrnTeRF) EC AND WALL CORmiEC-
ENveINE-AIR.PLaNEs
the results compared with other methods The form of w~l) is TESTSLOREC
TENG INE-TRPANSOINTCEWINERTNNEL
calculated on a simple swept wing with control surface configuration
and is found to become irregular near the hinge line corners Aug 1971 143 p rofs
Modifications to the originally chosen special loading form are IAGARD-AR-38-71l Avail NTIS
suggested which Should lead to convergent loading solutions for
swept wings Author CONTENTS
I CONCLUSIONS AND RECO'IAMENDATIONS ON
ENGINE AIRPLANE INTERFERENCE AND WALL CORRECTIONS
N TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL TESTS A Ferrn 5 p (See
N712930# outcli un Vesucsantai fur
Foschngs -3W40 23-01)
Nýt.293;0# Deutsc3he: Forschu~ng unSesuhastrlue
Wst e'~a'y2
f~su~fsr:.Gcet~n~n ENGINE AIRPLANE INTERFERENCE IN 7RANSONIC
PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ON AN HARMONICALLY TESTS F Jsarsma 117 p rlef (See N71-3W42 23-OiV
OSCILLATING SWEPT WING WITH TWO CONTROL 3 WALL CORRECTIONS FOR AIRPLANES WITH LIFT IN
SURFACES IN INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL TESTS R Monti 15 p refs (See
H Forsching. H Triebstein. and J Wagoner In AGARD Symp N7 1 -38403 23-01)
on Unsteady Aerodynamics for Aeroelastic Anal~sos of interfering
Avsr ru frArsaePsac n
Surfaces Part 2 Apr 1971 I5 p raft (See N71-29338 17.ClIN13OM AvsrGrufoAeopc lsrhan
Av'rl NTISN7-60#
The resulis of an experimental study of the pressure Development. Paris (France)
log he onrolsufac egesofa
sinultitesoccrrng i'ONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON ENGINE
control surface edgtes ofn AIRPLANE INTERFERENCE AND WALL CORRECTIONS IN
siguarmoitiesy osccurring along tine TRANSONIC WINO TUNNEL TESTS
hnomrmonicalelowiaren prswepte wing dicnulsuraeydemi Antonio Ferri (Now York Univ. N Y ) In its Eng -iirrplone
flw repreened nddisusedThe two control
incmpessbl
surfaces ranged along the v,11010 spoin of the wing and Could be Interference and Wall Corrections in Transonic Wind Tunnel
excited So that alternatively, theo inner or the outer flap or even both Tests Aug 1971 5 p (See N7 1-36400 23-0il
wore oscillating with different phases and amplitudes relative to Avail NTIS
each other and relative to the wing Author The conclusions and recommendatiomns are presented
concerning the cora-.t representation in wind tunnel tests of tha
intearction betw ion engine flow and airplane characte'rstica. and
wall infarforenci at high lift A review of experimental metfohods
N711.31,1b19k Adv- ýjry (iroup for Aerospace kesearci, arid in Use fnn del urmmning engine-airplane interference in tieneocnii,
Oeveloo~mert Parr's ll-rancei tests inoiudea the following topics (1) inlet airplane interference.
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON AGARD (2) engine thrist with airplane drag and nozzle chsrai;tertstrcs.
SPECIALISTS MEE TING ON AERODYNAMIC 13) exhaust flov and airplane interference. and (4) deteominstion
INTERFERENCE of interference of the engina flow on the sercdlinamnic
 01 AER)ODYNAMICS 1

ceateetaof Thr"complete, cnfiguration It is cWtorcuded that turb~ulent and where the position~ of transitioni is important, the
ell of the epproac!ees have limotan'tft untknowswfic suhortoom- then wake which extends downstream from the t~railing edge of
sin. action ve required by research groups to (Ilieelop now the wing. arid the regime of separated flow Thair interactions
techorooquesl. arndimprovetoexisting ones. F.OS. with tIe external flaw and with each other are included The
flcew structures ace three dimencnsional in general Reynolds
number effects are best understood wher* simple extensions
N71-34402# Advisor Group for Aerospace Research std ~ from two dimensions can be moed The most serious gsoa in
Desvelkopmernt. Paris (Franice). understanding are found where comrpressibility and strong
INOINE.AIRPLANE INTIERFERENCE IN TRANSONIC interactions are important Author
TKSTS
V Jnrmo MNarti.Aero- and Astronaut Res lInst.) :rr irs N72-i11856# Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford (England)
Engs Airpanes Interferrence anbd Wall Corrsettona in Transonic SOME ASPECTS OF VISCOUS INVISCID INTERACTIONS
WinsodTunnel Teats Aug. 1071 It7 P rafs (See N71-36400 AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS. AND THEIR DEPENDENCE ON
23-01)
Avsi: "TS REYNOLDS NUMBER
E teprsened
A copdeeon* repone t a datrburd ~E Green In AGARC) Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn Testing
quesionair
quetinuaie
o egie-irfam ntererece n tainat
onerogrse-eifeane Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug 1971
itefernc i taIonic tet 12 p refs (See Nf72-111854 03-01)
amon aeronautical laboratories operating transonic wind AalNI C60M$9
lunials aicrat mnufaturrs.engne
ornonie. ad arplre;Current understanding of viscous-invixcid interactions is
correcton procedures, advantagas arid limitations of inlet.inratn onrneicsptwgsndhireedne
noulde/aftiorbody. complete model testing, and engine thrust itrc-n ntasncsetwnsadterdpnec
dooetrenmerateonare dlcusaaed in a technical order Autpron Reynolds
4 number Interacticrns of three different degrees
Author are isecusser l the weak interaction between boun45:ry layer endI
wake development overall and the flow field at large. the strong
but locarlized interaction beneath shockwaves and at trailing
N71 .ý14O3# Advisory Group for Aetrcateceo Research and edges insfully attached flow. and the strong interactions which
WAvLLpet PaNrEiOs F,'OR IRLNEdIT).TI involve boundary, layer separaticno and hence have an important
WALLCORECTINS
OR IRPLNESWITHLIF INeffect on the entire flow field Finally, the possibilities are
TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL TESTS dicse of aipltn the bount43ry layer in Ord*r to
A. Monte (Univo. Degle Studi. Naples. Italy) if) is Eng. -Airplanes smulate, in the wind tunnel, the viscous-inviscid interactions
Interference and WISl Corrections en Transonic Wind Tunnel found at fliihr Reynolds numbers AuthorI
Teat Aug 1971 15 p ioas (See N71-36400 23-Oil
The technical information supplied by the Ad Hoc N72211857# Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchs~anstalt fuer
Committee is summearisd After some preliminary remarks. on Lijh- und Raumfahrt. Brunswick fWest Gerrmany)
well interference corrections en transonic tests. the different A METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE TRANSONIC BUFFET
answeirs, to the AGARD questionnaire arespresented together BOUNDARY INCLUDING THlE INFLUENCE OF REYNL0LD
with the main pointe madle by the committee mambeis as NUMBER
toreraa taritstves of the different countries. A number of general F Thomas and G Redeker In AGARD Facilities and Tech for
agreements amosng the commitateel members are stated which Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds
indicate the state-of-the-art of tranisonic wind tunnel correoctions. Number Aug 1971 14 p rets (See N72-1 1854 03-01)
The discussions and the conclusions of the committe are Avail NTIS ftC£6 00,'MF £095
presented on the problems which appear to be most important A purely theoretical method for calculating the buffet
foe future research. Problems are briefly reviewed ind research boundary of straight aid swept wings including the effects of
areas are indicated for whitch the committees agreed ant Reynrolds numbers is reported In the procedure of calculation.
international program well be moat Profitable A list of refereinces Sinnott s method for estimating the pressure distribution in a
is provided which includes the works refereinced by all the transonic flow with shock waves is used, as well as the methods
different groups participating in the commnittees. Author of Walz and Cumpsty and Head for calculating turbulent
boundary layers in two- arid three-dimensional compressible
N72-11964)l Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and flow The agreement of thie thiieliretl calculationr with
Development, Paris (France) experimental results from windl tunrel and flight tests at various
FACILITIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR AERODYNAMIC Reynolds numbers is very salcifactory Author
TESTING AT TRANSONI C SPEEDS AND HIGH1-REYNOLDS
NUMBER
Aug 1971 49)9 p refs Presented at the Fluid Dyn Panel N72-11868# Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough
Specialists Meeting. Goattingen. 25.28 Apr 1971(Egad AeoymisDp
(AGAO-C-8371)Aval
NIS H$60/MF095A TYPE OF STALL WITH LEADING EDGE TrANSONIC
Theoretical methods trd wend tunnel facilities foir triinsonic FLOW AND REAR SEPARATION
aerodynamic testing Of - icraft at high Reynolds numbers are J Osborns and H H Pearcey In AGARO Facilities and Tech
outlined Requirements of test facilitrirs are clarified and ptossible for Aerodyn Testing at Trarisonic Speeds and High Reynolds
improvements en existing faciliti"es nd testing techniques are Number Aug 1971 1 1 p rats ýSee N72-1 1854 03-01)
df$cuSed For indirvidual titlies, see N72-1 1855 through Avail NTIS HC£800/MF £095
N72 11887 Surface pressure measurements are presented for a leading
edge. transonic fnow which occurs for h:gh angles of incidence
and for stream speedst in the medium subsonic range A Shock
M72-11065# Roysl Aircraft Establishment. Fainborough induced separation develops in the first 5% of the chord, and
SCALE EFFECTS IN FLOWS OVER SWEPT WINOS low speed sa:1l of oan aerofoil having a thiclusesso/chordI
MGHall In AGARD Facilities and Tech for Atrod-in Testing -alotio-'o~r than about 10% Results for tranaition fixed and
at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug 1971 free reproduce respectively the classical features for turbulssnt
22 p rats (See N72-11IC54 03-01l end Iaminaio type interactions at the feeding edge shock. these
Avail NTIS HC£S00/MF £095 leave different disturbances en the reattached turbulent layer
A review is given of the effects of variations en Reynosids which then react ditlerently on the rear sopepration A few resuhas
number on the possible types of flow over a swept wing snd the aeicuded for an inefrmediate effect on itrarietioni The
boundaries between them Three, main flow regimes are dilcussed Reynolds number for al h tests was ethe region of 2 x 1
in turn the attached bsoundary layer which may be lamrinar or million fassed on aerofoil chord Author
 12 01 AERODYNAMICS

N72-116S9* National Aeronautics and Space Administration. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF TMF DRAG OF
Laingley Resa"arch Center. Langleyll Station, Va WING$ WITH A BLUNT TRAILING EDGE AT TRANSONIC
REYNOLDS NUMBER REQUIREMENTS FOR VALID SPEEDS
TESTING AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS M Tanner in AGARO Facilities and Tech for Asrodyn. Teeting
Wittari S Igoe and Donald b Bealis lin AGARO Facilitiee and at Transonic Speeds qnd High Reynolds Number Aug 1971
Tech for Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speeds end High 6 p tots iSes N72-11854 03-01)
Reynolds Number Aug 1971 5 p rots ISe* N72-1 1854 Avail NTI$ lICS6OO/MP 5095
03-0111The possible improvement of aerodynamric profiles due to
jNASA-TM-X-67412) Avail NTIS HC SGOO/MF $0.96 blunt trailing edges, drag and lit%meassrie men(ts was Studied on
CSCL 200 two wirngs kit finiti, spaen in a transonic wind ti-nnel The Me'lah
The variation of wing shock vocation with Rey n"l number number had values trot., 0 5 to 2 2 and the Reynolds number
has been slammesod (Dr conhoigrations for which both flight and was about R 0.Zn r rom these asults it was pocietir to
win,. turiarrl wing pressure distribution data wele available to r~iethat III order to achieve a drag reduction &I transonic:
leqternv.rs if there is a minimnum level of Reynolds numbers. Speech; thr, trailing edge thicknest shoult. not be *sc~assvs and
s~i of full scale. at which reliable flow rimulation can be the tuoattailng angle should be small Furthermore. a spcial
achieverd in lrar-.sorric test facilities 'the uhlock location, as a brokern sihape of the trailing edge is favorable lor low drag at
function of Reynolds numibers at conditions of constant Mach ihefli Mych numbers At supersonic speeds rha ,ittainobid drirg
number and angle of attack were normalized so that shock redI.ctior, at Zero llIfti1sgrats- than predicted by Chapman The
position was obtained in rlarftive terms from zero to unity for lift cuisv -.lope .s greater for the wing with a blunt trailing 9djo
each confscjreton and condition studied Normaluinig the shock thmn fsr Ihe wing with a conventional sharp traileing edge With
location Permitted the comparison of data for different thir miost efficient blunt trailing edge the maxeimuin lift to driti
configuirations and conditions on a common basis Niot enough ratiro at transonic speeds is only a f. v per cent lower then for
data have been analyzed thus far to obtain conclusive results theowing with a sharp trailing edge Author
Author
1472-1 1S0ftl Northrop Corp. Hawthorne Calif Aircraft Orv
RECENT EXPERIENCE IN THE TRANSONIC TESTING OF N72-118630 Deutsche Forichungs- und Versuchsanstrilt lust
TWO DIMENSIONAL SWEPT AND STRAIGHT WINOS Luff und Raumifahr. Goett~ngen (West Garmp.ry)
WITH HIGH LIFT DEVICES FORCE AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS ON A SIINOLR
W E Grahame. J W Heaidiey and L W Rogers In AGARD DELTA WING Al TRANSONIC SPEEDS AND VARYING
Facrlities and Tech for Aerodyn Tasting at Transonic Speeds REYNOLDS NUMBEPS
end High Reynolds Number Aug 1971 17 p rats (See W Stahl. K Hartmann. and W Schneider in AGARO Facilities
Avail85
NTI 3N500,1) 59 and Tech for Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speeds and High
The results Of a series Of transonic tests of two dimensional 0enls3 ubr Au-01)1pn~ (e 7-115
wongs with various high lift dovic,.s erai prasseritalnjIis tests Avail N'TitS HC SO00! MFT 095
were perfiormed in an aerodynamic transonic wind tunniel on an Transonic wind l~nnel investigations iiere ariamd out on aAl
unswelpt wing with a tat flap and a swept wing with boundary slender delta wing wit.'i aspect ratio A 0 52 at Mach numbers
control devices Both wingso were tasted through a Mach range 0 5. 0 7. 00. 0 9. 0 95 0 975 1 0 1 1. and 1 2 for angles of
*of M - 0 70 to M - 0 95 and a Reynolds Numbers range of incidence up to about 30 datj Normal force and Pitching
*2 5 t 5 5 million per foot Additional tests included a aupercntlical moments were measured as well as spanwise pressure
wwingjwith slot blowing and a leadinj edge flap with a let flap distributions on the wing's pressure and suction side at five
Comparraon$ of wing Pressure distributioins end flow visualiatation cross sections The Reynolds number was held constant at a
Studie illustrat, the effectivieness of the let flap) and also the value of Rie -2.700.000 for all Mach numbers The normal
high lift devices in controlling flow separation Longitudinal force and Pitching moment coefficieints Showed a noticeable
chsratersirsticsi vhich sho-. the affects of Reynolds number are dependence on Reynolds number, the pressure distribution was
also presented Comparative analyses indicating the improvement influenced mainly around the suction peat Successful attempts
obtained with each of the high lift devices is shown Author -. are made at low Reynolds number to eifluence the boundary
layer on the wir.g s suction side by means of -carborundum
band Insight was obtained into the structuie of the flow field.
*N72t1111111 National Aeronautical Establishment. 0-awsw near sonic velocities. by using a newly nlevelor~ed smoke
(Ontario) utuaulization technique and with the help o' oil flow pictures
THE TRANSONIC PERFORMANCE OF TWO DIMEW A4thor
SIONAL JET FLAPPED AERIOFOILS AT HIGH REYNOLDS
NUMBERS
D J3 Peake. H Yosrtihara. 0 Zoners. and Vil Carter In AGARO N72-11864Nt Army Missile Command. Huntsville. Ala
Fecilitiers and Tech for Aetodyn Tasting at Transonic Speeds BODIES OF REVOLUTION~ AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS: THE
and High Reynolds Number Aug 1971 39 p rats (Seei ESTIMATION OF REYNOLDS NUMBER EFFECTS

N72- 1154 03 Oil T H In Moulden. Spring and

Avaii NTIS NCS800/MF $095
TeSt... 4 ij a transonic win tunnel ware conducted to Wu AGAROD J3 Facilities R 0 Tech
Sailer.forK Aerodyn
Aoyamna. and
Tabting at
determine the effect of Reynolds numbers on the Irantlonic Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Numbher Aug 1971
13 p rats (See N72 11854 03 01)
performance of a 110%aft crimbered profile with let flaps -in Avail NTIS HCSO0OOMF $095
particular the effect on the pressure distribution, drag divergenca. The experimental data presented are taken from a series of
and buffet onset Distributed suction wais applied on the tests on a body of revolution at transonic speeds The test
sidowslis in trie vicinity of the morel to insure that the Reynolds number -as of the order of one million Both mounting
interaction of the shock was primarily with the airfoil boundary strut anid tunnel wall interference effects tire discussed A
laeyr The absence 'it sideowaill suctinin frerl a signiforant effect the-elical Procedure is developed to take account1 Of the viscous
upon the upperr sunAsce blow. with the shock being dispilaced efflct, on the body It is shown that the potential flow theory of
uplitresm by about 15% of the chord in the range of the Wu .nd Aoyamangives close agreement with experimental data
Aoynolda number tested. theie was a noticeable effect of However, and particularly to study separation and Reynolds
RovitoWd numrr.bc on~ d-e d:verge~re andl a signir-cant effect on niimhor affects it is necessary to Introduce boundary layer
btt,'! nset Author effectls in the theoretical work Taking the dis,>lacerreont surface
ias an equivalent body for the second approximation it is shown
that only a small change in surface pressure distribution on thu
6472-1 111142m Deutsche Forschungs und Verisuchsanstoll tuer body it realired Hence. it lottovvs thit in the absence of
Lull- und Reumr.~hrt Croettingen (West Gerrnanvl Separation a large change in Reynolds number is of little

Am f.... 4
01 AERODYNAMICS 13

significance as for assurface prostsurres are concerned Thi, N72 111S6#Aieronautica Research Inst of Sweden. StocskhoAn
general olliclusion is that for a body 0? revolution. tunnel end CORRELATION OF SOME TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL
a significant than Reynolds
moujnting inioerfernce effects are m%; T9ST` DATA TO FLIGHT '.EST RESULTS FOR TWO
number e.secta. povided the flow a not soearated Authir- i'LENDERN WING AIRPLANES
Siren Erik Nyberg In AGARO Facilities anid Tech for Aatrodvsl
Teeting at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug
19)110 tp (See N721 1864 03-01)
M72-11SSS0 Grumma6. Aerospace Corp. Sothpg.. N Y Avail NTIS NC S800/MF 5095
TRANSONIC AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND Some of the flight test data obtained on two slender wing
THEIR EVALUATION airplanes have been corre&laed to transonic wind tunnel test deai
Arthur A Lambert In AGARD Facilities and Teth for Aerodyrl obsvrmne with 1/30 end 1 '60 "cale models Stet-c stability and
Tasting at Transaoniic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug Control derivatives as wall as damping and period in pitch and
197t 4 p refs (See N72- t854 0301il lutch rall oiscillations as predicted by the wind tunnel tesls show
Avail NTIS HCSSOO/MP 5095 gsod agreement with flight tutts The predicted zero lift dreg for
The need for more s~'trarsfotst transonic wind trinal testing on o the airplanes v as higher than the flight test drag wheresol
to ripren down ft efecats of flow anid environment combinations the %'greemortl in lift induced drag wasl satisfactory Predicted
"ento establish a more screntifc: baess for flight simulation arid conrptnent loadings have been four~d to &07oe well with flight
analysis is outlined The discussi~n includes the effects of steady. tost restults Air inlet pressure recovery was slightt" higher in
unseteadyr. and m-red flow pherv)mons on loots used for design flight than in the wind tunnel Flow driloilon at engine face
anid evaluation of the impor-tant transoiiic flight performance shows good correlation even At high anelet of attack It is
paramnetits of modern aircraft i. e man g capabiir-. maneuvering concluded tromn these rsaiults. that for Mlender wing configuration.
butfirt. level flight biffet corirol problems, and peak drag transonic wind tonnol test data are in general reliable, even if
chareceristics The design tMrt include tie ling edge angle obtained at relatively low Reynolds number Author
criteria tie effect of vaolous swi-ep lines and wing leading edge
development Wirdl tunnln~ evalus~ion tool& include isobar contours,
pressure taoe. accelarorelers tlot Istandx. and oil flov techniquies N72-1 IBG9"Il National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The effects of "scl and Reynods Number in connearction with Flight Research Center. Edwards. Cell
various flow phenomena and assircited flight conditions are also A COMPARISON OF SOME LEFtODYNAMIC DRAG
discussed Author FACTORS AS DETERMINED IN FULL SCALE FLIGHT WITH
WIND-TUNNEL AND THEORETICAL RESULTS
~
N72-i1SSC ~ tds ~
I~ ~
R ~ ~ Saltzman anid DonallC R flellman In AGARO faciltites
Ewi JfieNtoa
dEluds atdo Rcharhianid
NtionlOffce
N72-1966 Tech for Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speii a and High
Aerospatiales Pairs (France) ivosNub(Ag17 22presSeN721185
TRANSONIC TESTING OF TAIE ENGINE NACELLE AIR Nubr3u-1702 s' eeN2)15
INTAKE AND AFTERSODY JENTREE 0-AIR ET ARRIERE 4NASA-TM X-67413) Avail NTIS HC S600O'MF 5095
CORPS OE FUSEAU MOTEUR rEN TRANSSONIOUEI CSCL 200
J Leynsen In?At~iAH() sacilitres and Iecn for Aervidyn Testing Rflihhblt Imehniiqirx fori rafeining flight values of overall
at Transonic Speeds rind Nigh Reynoids Number Aug 1971 aircraft drag arid turbulent skin fi~ction, and the drag associated
10 p ref. In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (See N72-1 1854 with iocal regions of separated flow are reported Selected
03-01) results rom these studies are presented for 3,everal types of

Avasil NTIS HC 56O00/MFS095 aircraft, including the X-15. thij XS. 70 lifting bodies, and
An example is presented of It' Study of a double-flux military interceptors These flight results ate co.mparedl withI
engine nacelle at high subsonic Mach numbers, the investigation predictions derived fiom windtunnel models 01, for friction. with
being made at high Reynolds numbers with two separate models the Karrman-Simhoenherr relationship The flight experimernts have
for the air intake anid the afterbody The test on the afterttody, defined the turbulent skin friction to Reynolds numbers somewhat
Shwvs that the conditions of variable lets do not react significantly above 10 to the 8th power the overall drag of two airplanes.
on the upstream flow arourkl the uacelle intake and cowl. *part base pressure coefficients for aircraft and for an aft-facing stop
from the immediate vicinity of the exhaust. this tact justifies the immersed in a thick boundary layer A flight application of a
large scale, study of ihe air intake with a modal supported splitter plate for reducing base drag is discussed along with
low.rtatroam by a cylindrical tube replacing the let in the saMe examples of the drag associated with atterbody flow aepilration'
way. mass-flow rate variations of the air intake do not react on for shapes having reletively large attefbody closure angles
the flow around the afterbody. in a given margin this allows the AuthorI
saudy of the afierbody on an upstream sting Author
N72-t11U70"I National Aeronautic e,,' Space Adminisirat-on
N472-1 1667#l Aircraft Research Association Ltd. Badford Ames Research Center. Moffett F~erd. Calif
[Englandl FEASIBILITY OF TESTING A LARGE-CHORD. SWEPT.-
POSSIBILITIES FOR SCALE EFFECT ON SWEPT WINOS PANEL MODEL TO DETERMINE WINO SHOCK LOCATION
AT Hf14I4 SUBSONIC SPEEDS' RECENT EVIDENCE AT FLIGHT REYNOLDS NUMBER
FROM PRESSURE PLOTTING TESTS Jones F Cahill (Locliheed-Georg Co). Stuart L Treton. end
A B Namnes in AGARD Facilities and Tec:i for Aerodyin William R Hofstetter In AGAFR0 Facilities and Tech for
Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Rernolds Number Aug Aerodyn Testing at Transonric Speeds Ind High Reynolds
1971 li p res (See N72.11854 03-Oil Nimber Aug 1971 11 p refs (See N72 -11854 03-Ott
Avail NTIS HCS00-MF 5095 Ii- n~at F33615 69 C01256. F33615 87-C 1777)
The possibilities for scale effect on swe~pt wings undei 1N/SA TM.X-741A1 Avail NTIS HC S600,'MF 5095
supeicritical flow conditions at high subsonic speerti are dis'cu~sed CSCL 200
on thri basis of evidence from presurfe ploltinil tests on a variety As a part 0f a study of methocý% for simulating high
of wings For the Super VC 10 compari~son of pressure Reynolds number aerodyn:,nic characteristics of large aircraft.
diatributions measured in ilight and in model tests at R 5 4 x testsi hare been conducted In art 11 toot transonic wind tuninel

1 million stow-¶ some scale effect For other iessigns however. to determine the feasibility of using a large chord writid panel
the scale *effec could be much greater the paper shows trial the model to investigate the yarnt lion of shock locatior, with
underlixing tachruclue has limitations when applied to a sweptbeck Reynolds number The model vwas untwisted and was of
complex with many interacting features, in such cases it is often one station on the span of a high speed trantporl airplane for
diffiult even it) forecast whether the scale effect is favourable Or which a substantial irnou it u' flight and wind tunnel pressure
unfavourebl& Further improvements in swept wing design will distirbution date had iirevriwaIV earn obtained at widely different
increase the i~kelihood of serious scale effect Author Reynolds numbers nith indi-alions of a large scale effect on
14 01 AERODYNAMICS

shock lorationri ho rralor fundenrgs from thie study were that the 1971 SDpraf (See N72-11854 03-01)
varldetfo of shock location on the paeal model was 9dentical in Avail NTIS NC 54 00/MC SOBS
charactel, but considerably smraller over the Reynolds number lIn order to studyi the effect of high. Reynolds nutritione on
range from 6.0 million to 260 million thean that indicated by the ItrasncC flow past twodmlannsional sarofoils. an equrvalet
aesiti" data on the Complete wing Generally. the panel model body of revolution was constructed, having a four to five times
data On Shock location end trerlfeng-eidge, pressure recovery larger chord siz than the corresponding aerofoil. and giving the
tendeid toward better agreement with flight data than wit sam rote of tunnel blockage The contour of the body was
previcus wind tunnel data on smaller romplerte models Author calculated by meena of a source-sink distribuijton. Force and
pressure measuremnents hayi beow performed in a transonic
tunnel at Mitch numbers from 06 to 0925 and Reynolds
N72-1t171 1f Office National d'Eludes at de Recher-es numbers Com Re sub I - 4 million to tO r'illiori In the
Aerooeptiales. Pari* (France) sullcnitical cange the results show good agreement -nth the
WIND VUNNIEL GUAUFICATION BY PERFORMANCE calculsatid first-order potenrial flow The evaluation of minimum
PREDICTION AND FLIGHT VERIFICATION (VAUDITE 01E pressure coefficient and shock poeition show that from
LA SOUMALR1E POUR LA PREVISION DES PERFOR#A. Re sub L - S million no significant dependence on Re-wnolde
ANCIES IT DES QUALITIES Of VOLI number exists either at subcriticall or supercnticet speesit
Ph Poosaori-auinton In AGARD Facilities and T.,=h for Author
Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speeds and High A 'ynolde
Number Aug 1971 16 p refs in FRENCH (See, N72 11654
03-01) M72-11075# Hawker Siddeley Aviation. Ud. Kingston upon
Avail NTIS HC $6 01'MF $0 95 Thoams (England)
Summaries of brief data sheets are presented that contain ON THE POSSIBIUITY OF DEDUCING HIGH r~EYN0LD9
miforn'astion on new analytical prediction methods and flight tests NUMBER CHARACTE NI $TICS USING BOUNDARY LAYER
for theA development of transonic wind tunnels Points of SUCTION
agreemwit as wAMIas of disagreement are illustrated to stimulate Cliff L. Bore In AGARO Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn
now re"Seich for improving wind tunnel qualities Author Testing at Transonic Speeds end High Reynolds Number Aug
1971 10 p refs (See N72-11854 03-O1l
Avail NTIS HCS6O0jMF50SOB
N72-t11872* National Aeronautics and Space Administration It Seems that the most crucial differences of characteristics
Ames Researich Center Moffeti heold Calif from wind tunnlel models to full scale aircraft Stem Lom the fact
TRANSONIC TESTING IN 'EXISTING WIND TUNNELS that the boundary layers on the model are usually relatively too
thick Consequently it has been suggested that lull-SCale behawiour
-J Lloyd Jones In AGARO Facilities and Tech fot Aerodlyn may be more accurately simulated if the thickness of the
Testing at Tranaonic S-needs and High Reynolds Number Aug toundary were reduced approprrttelV by means of suction
1971 B p reft ISee N.72-1 185S4 03-O1l through porous strips in the surface of the models A suitable
fNASA-TM X-674 15) Ava-l NTIS PlC So00/MF $0.96 technique would afford convenient means for varying the
CSCL 148 bic-,ndary layer thickness vwil~t'cuj SCpo'rg th~ewin" lunn" end
The prob'cms of obtaining representative transonic should be app~licable to more model configurations than
aerodynamic data in existing wind tunnels are examined The conventional underfixing of transition The implications of these
problemrrs Aer approached by reviewing those factors whichi propositions are eiamnined in the light of boundary layer
influence the accuracy of measurement anid flow simulation calculations and data Author
Examples of flow simulation anomalies atre given Demands lor
increased accuracy and reqi,-r4,ents for conducting transonic
invesatigations under conditions wicreassingly morte suscetibe to M72-11S176# London Univ (England)
simulation anomnallies are cited Au,hor SOUND FIELDS GENERATED BY TRANSONIC FLOWS
OVER SURFACES HAVING CIRCULAR PERFORATIONS

N72.1513 Lokhee-GergiaCo.MarittaM M Freestone and R N Cox In AGARD Facilities and Tech

IMULATION7 OF FULLe-G SCALE
i FLriGTa ERDNAa for Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds
1
CIMUARCEITI CS BY TESTSC ALE EXIGHTIN TERANYNANIC Number Aug 1971 8 p refs (See N72-1 854 03-01)
CHARCTEISTCS
B TETS M EISTIG TANSNICAvail NTIS HC9;6 O0/MF SO!15
WIND TUNNELS Tests made on the sound waves radiated from perforated
Jones F Cahill In AGARD Facilities and Tech for Aerodyrn transonic tunnel liners having perpendicularly drilled holes have
Testing at Transonic Speeds arid Heut. Reyncild6 Number Awg shown that a regular pattern of coherent wave fronts occurs It
1971 8 p reft (See N72- 16854 03-01) is suggested that the coupling is caused by a disturbance
newly evovin coneps il eabe hecostucio p-opegating alcing the surface of the liner Results from individual
Although nel vligcnet ileal h osrcinholes indicate that the mechanism for production of sound
of relatively inexpensive wind tunnels capable of producing wvsi iia ota bevdfo w iesoa aiis
transonic aerodynamic datsast flight Reynolds numbers. a wandsthtmla t trohat oubserse fof themdemosiourngl canitbes
oe
substantial portion of future aircraft development testing will be prditd numbrscofo
wthatoreaonable oenormal eno.ncnired
bthe
done at subscala condritions It is imperative, therefore, that holies using rasmode blepaposed cy fosatr nra ioahorAuth
hlsuigariie rpsdb osirAto
methods be developed to, accurate simulation of Rlight
aerodynamic characteristics during tests at low Reynolds nurnbers
Several concepts for high Reynolds number simulation have Leaon
sdvanced, and some have bean demonstrated for isolated "ase N72-110677# New York Univ N NY
Some of these concepts are reviewed in the light of existing ENGINE AIRPLANE INTERFERENCE AND WALL CORREC-
data Author TIONS IN TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL TESTS
Antonio Ferri In AGARO Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn
Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug
N72.11874# Deutsche Forsch-ings- und Versurhsenetslt lust 1971 6 p ([Set N72-1 1854 03-01l
LuiR- und Raumtahnt. rjoettingen Imest Ge.-many) Avail N)IS HCS6O0iMF 5095
SIMULATION OF -'WO DIMENSION!AL AEROFOIL FLOW Recent developments of high performance airplanes hove
AT 1HIOn SUBSONIC MACH NUMBERS AND HIGH generated requirements for the prediction of the aerodynamic
REYNOLDS NUMBERS BY MEANS OF APN EGUIVAL104T perfocrmance of airplane designs with extremely high accuracy A
BODY OF REVOi.TION critical review of present experim-ntaf methods led to the
W Lorenz-Miliyer In AGARO Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn initiation of two sepinrate efforts related to expiriments in
Teoting at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug transonic flows 11l determination of Reynolds number effects
01 AERODYNAMICS le

Ind design of high inReynolds

the reptesentation number wind tunnels. @nfo(2) chs.-acteristics Of the various ground-based transoonic facilities
correct wind turnel tests of the interaction considered for provision of high Fleynolds number capability. the
between engine flow and airplne charecteistvcs. and wall conventional wind tunnel operrited in a semicontlinuous mode
interference at high lht Author and utilizing an energy storage system is considered to have the
greatest potential A hydroplinped-storage system is proposed to
provide hydraulic energy on an intermittent schedule at the rate
N72-1187S*# National Aeronautics arid Space Administration of 500.000 horsepower to propel hydraulic turbines directly
Langley Research Center. Langley Station. Va coupleu to the wind-tunnel fans Author
TRANSONIC FREE-FLInHT MODEL TESTING AT LARGE
SCALE
Oarence L Gilles In AGARO Fac:ltiet, and Tech for Aerodyn N72-118811i ARO. Inc. Arnold A.r Force Station. Tenn Von
Testing at Tratwnin Speeds arnd High Reynolds Number Aug Karman Gas Dynarriics Facility
1971 9 p refs ISee N72-11864 03-01) HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER TRANSONIC WIND TUNNELS
(NASA-TM-X-67416) Avail NTIS HC S600/MF SOSS S3LOWDOWN OR LUDWIEG TUBE?
CSCL 200 Jeck 0 Whitfield. C J Schueler. and Rogers F Starr In
The use of 'ree f,;ght models for transonic testing at high AGARD Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn Testing at Transonic
Reynolds numbeis is discussed Several specific examples of Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug 1971 17 p refs
experimental invastigations ara briefly reviewed to illustrate the (See N72.11854 03-01)
scope of research that can be conducted by utilizing the (Contract F40600-71 -C .•002)
advantages of free flight models These advantages are primarily Avail NTIS HC $6 00'/MF SO95
the lack of interference or constraints imposed by test facilities The results are given o1 a detailed comparison between a
snd model support systems and the dynamic freedom possessed conventional blovdown transonic wind tunnel and a Ludwieg
by free flight models High Reynolds numbers are obtained by tube driven transonic wind tunnel, both designed to cover the
using large models flown at relatively low altitudes It is shown same Mach-Reynolds number regime It is concluded that the
thae models 10 meters or more in length will he required for Ludwieg tube dliven tunnel wil provide superior flow .t a
research at Reynolds numbers sufficiently high to provide significantly lower cost The data piOductlon capabilities of a
iepresentative simulation of flow conditions for large modern Ludwieg tube driven tunnel with appropriale des~gfr features
aircraft Several methods for launching models of tris size are were surprsinglv high The production capability of the Ludwieg
discussed These methods include free drops from airplanes or tube exceeds the conventional blowdown tunnel at very high
balloons and ground launches with the use of internal or external Reynolds numbers and compares favorably with existing transonic
rocket motors All the launching methods discussed have been tunnels at intermediate Reynolds numbers Experimental results
successfully demonstrated on flight vehicles of the size and from a small Ludwieg tube driven transonic research tunnei are
weight required to attain the necessary test conditions Author piresented and discussed The research tunnel is equipped with
variable porosity test section walls and an independently controltyd
plenum exhaust Both static and dynamic pressure measurements
N72- 1 1 8 7 91# National Aeronautics and Space Administration are presented in preliminary form Author
Ames Research Center MoffeRt Field. Calif
ON THE USE OF FREON-12 FOR INCREASING REYNOLDS
NUMBER IN WIND-TUNNEL TESTING OF THREE N72-11882% Naronal Aeronautics and Space Administration
DIMENSIONAL AIRCRAFT MODELS AT SUBCRITICAL Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville Ala
AND SUPERCRITICAL MACH NUMBERS
Stuart L Treon. William A Holstetter. and Frank T Abbott In MSFC HIGH REYNOLDS NUMSER TUBE TUNNEL
AGARD Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn Testing at Transonic A Richard Fe!.x In AGARD Facilities and Tech for Aerod',,n
Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug 1971 8 p refs (See Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Aug
N72-11854 03-01i 1971 tOp refs (See N72-1185403 01ý
NASA-TM.X-67,117) Avail NTIS HC $600. MF S) 95 INASA-TM-X-67419) lkvaii NTIS HC $600'MF $095
CSCL 148 CSCL 148
The aerodynmrnc suitability of Freor 12 for general A high Reynolds nmber tube tunnel is described and
wind-tunnel testing was investigated at low and high subsonic illustrated be drawings and photographs Its mode of operation
speeds Static aerodynamic characterstics of iwo transport and perfor rance characteristics are also described This
airplane models were determined from strain gage oalance impulse-tyce tunnel h 3 s a test section diame•ir of 32 inches and
measurements in both air and Freon- 12 at several Reynolds a Mach ri Jmber range from 0 2 to 2 0 The transonic test
numbers A lowv-sueed hrgh-lih configuration was evaluated at section is equipppeu with a variable porosity peiforated wall A
Mach number 025. and a high-speed cruise wing-fuselage m itrniur,
urri Reyiu;d ',oirbe;
i of ,l,200 D,:3 foot
combination was tested at Mach numbers up to 0 825 The data produced at a Mach number of 1 3 and the maximum tunni!
obtained in air and in Freon-12 agree well. even in stalled flow. charge p essure of 700 psiq The useful test time is 150
until compressibility effects evidently become significant in air millistrcor ds or more at all operating conditions Some typical
and in Freon-12 agree well. even in stalled flow. until test sect on calibration results are ;ncluded Author
compressibility effects evidently become significant in air
Author
N72-110883* Royal Aircraft Establisnment. Farnborough
NEnglar dl
N72-11SO National Aeronautics and Space Administration SOME FACTORS RELEVANT TO THE SIMULATION OF
Langley Research Center Langley Station. Va FULL SCALE FLOWS IN MODEL TESTS AND TO THE
A FACILITY CONCEPT FOR HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER SPECIFICATION OF NEW HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER
TESTING AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS TPAfJSONIC TUNNELS
Donald 0 Baals and George M Stokes In AGARD Facilities J Y G Evans and C R Taylor In AGARD Facilities and Tech
and Tech for Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speeds and High for rierocyn Testing at Transon." Speeds and High Reynolds
Reynolds Number Aug 1971 12 p rofs (See N72-1 1854 Numiber wig 1971 13 p refs (See N72 11854 03.011
03-01) Avail NTIS H1.$6O0MF S095
(NASA-TM-X-87418) Avail NTIS HC $600 MF $095 Limitations and difficulties of achieving representative flow
CSCL 146 siriulation in model tests are considered Particular attention is
"the •,rtical need to; high llc-,nc,-i numbcr oxpcir,-nental ge" t-• obtanng l a•a.n.lir, -;wentiwing•ai rrrh at high
capability at transonic speeds has been t roadly recognized, lif coefficients. when the flow over the wing is locally transonic
because there have been demonstrated significant transonic arid sensitive to scale Exam-nation of the imitations due to
scale effects on wing-socir position with related effects on n.odel strength suggests that the mraximumrn tunnel static pressure
drag-rise Mach number, buffet boundary, and pitching-moment I.)r tests at high tift conditions is about 5atm and consecquently

A -_
16 01 AERODYNAMICS

that full scale Reynolds number could only be ohatirred in very FOR MODEL TESTMNG AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER
large tunnels Author
J Y. G Evans In AGARD Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn
Testing at Transonic Speeds jnd High Reynolds Number Aug
N72-118W4# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and 1971 5 p rees (See N72-11854 03-01)
.'evelopment. Paris (France). Avail NTIS HC S600/MF S0 95
AGARD STUDY OF HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER WIND A wind tunnel suitable for future research and development
TUNNEL REQUIREMENTS FOR THF NORTH ATLANTIC towards better transot.ic aircraft should be able to achieve a
TREATY ORGANIZATION NATIONS Reynolds numner, based on the mean chord of a typical
Robert 0 Dietz In AGARD Facilities and Tech for Aerodyn swept-winged aircrafl. of at least 40 mdilon Practical limits to
Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds Number Bug. modol strength and strllnesa dictate stag,,ation pressures below
1971 9 p (See N72-- P54 03-01) 7 atmosp' ares and consequently the test section must bi at
Avail NTIS HCS600/MF$095 leass 5 m in width For this duty. a new type of facility is
Performance and operating characteristics required in two proposed. which combines the good driving eff;crancy of the
new. high Reynolds number wind tunnels are defined, and continuous tuinel with the szored-energy advantage of intermittent
conceptual tirrinnil designs which meet these requirrmerts are running Of particular importance, the Tunnel would be relatively
given One tunnel of the Ludlrieg tube type should duplicate quiet to operate and should provide an extremoly clean asid
transonic flight Reynolds numbers and have a run time of about steady flow Author
one second The second. soblowdown type wind tunnel, should
provide Reynolds numbers that are three or four times the
maximum presently available ai have a run time of about ten N72-12978# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
SecondS Aithor Development, Paris (France).
AERODYNAMIC TESTING AT HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBERS
AND TRANSONIC SPEEDS
0 Kuechemann (Roy Aircraft Ea1lb.. FamLorough. Engi) Nov.
N72-11885# Air Force Special Weapons Center. Holloman 1971 9 p refs Presented at NATO Defence Res Group
AFB. N Max Seminar on Gen. Probl. Relating to Aerodyn Testing Facilties.
HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER TESTING BY MEANS OF St Louis. France. 4-7 May 1971
ROCrET SLEDS (AGARD-R-588-71) Avail. NTIS
Hans J Rasmussen In AGARD Fac-Itres and Tech for As a contribution to a NATO seminar on aerodynami,
Aerudyn Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds teeting facilities held at the ISL from 4 to 7 May 1971. a brimf
Number Aug 1971 8 p refs (See N72-11854 03-01) report is given on the outcomne of a specialists" meeting
Avail NTIS IICS600/MFS095 organized by the fluid dynamics panel of AGARD and held at
Moat aerodyn-imic ground testing is conducted in facilities Gottingen from 26 to 28 Aprii 1971. Various AGARD activities.
which move air tnder controlled conditions over ground-frxed leading up to this meeting, are also briefly dw'ribed. The best
test models This paper invites attention to the opposite technical advice available within AGARD leads to the conclusion
applioých Aerodynamic ground testing by moving test specimen that one or several large r,3w wind tunnels would contribute
through ambient air along a rigorously defined straight line path immensely to the effectiveness of a large number of aerospace
by means of rocket sleds is reporled Some basic technical systems now planned or contemplated within the NATO nations
flacets of rocket sled testing are reviewed and characteristics as Author
well as current capabilities of this technique are discussed with
emphasis on aerodynamic and structural design of tho test
vehicles, on typical test trajectories, and on electronic and N72-22001# Adviso'y Groulp for Aeroteiace Research Bnd,
photo-optical data acquisition Similitude considerations Oevelopmeont. Paris (Fraenc).
governing aerodynamic testing by this technique are discussed SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PLANAN INVIR1IO
and typical examples of past. current, and planned test activities TRANSONIC AIRFOIL THEORY
in this area are reviewed Conrluding. merits and limitations of H Yoshihare (Gen. Dyn./Convair. San Diego. Ca14.) Feb 1972
this technique as compared to other ground test approaches and 38 p ral
to flight tests are outlined Author (AGARD-AG.166; AGARD; graph-15S) Avail- NTIS
Some recent efforts to calculate planar inmaciJ ituporcritical
Raw over airfoils ere reviewed giving typical results achieved.
N72-1188•# Doinrer-Werke Grmnb H. Friedrichshafen (West The hodographh procedures of Niouwtlnd and Boerstoel. and
"Glin;any) Garasbedion and Kom ere first reviewed which yield shockle*
WIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATION OF BUFFET LOADS ON profiles. The unsteady finite difference procedure of Mannu arnd
FOUR AIRPLANE MODELS Yoehihera is then descirbed and its use then illustrated by
R Vanino and E Wedemayer In AGARD Facilities and Tech for several lifting examples with shocks, This is then followed by a
Aerodyn Testing at Transonic Speeds and High Reynolds decriwpion of two steady procedures. The first is that of Murmas,
Number Aug 1971 15p rels (See N72-t 1654 03-01) and Cole. who used a line relaxation procdure to sotv a
Avail NTIS HC$6OO/MF SO95 boundary value problem composed of the transonic perturbalion
Buffet loads and buflet boundaries have been investigated equations with planar boundary conditonr. The aacind is The
in a transonic wind tunnel by measurements of bending procedure of Steger and Lomasx w.ho isted the exact equstonsa
moments at the wing roots for high subsonic Mach numbers and quasi-planar boundary conr•itons, and the finite differance
These tests were carried out for four airplane models having rla4xastion procedure of Murm•n and Cole. The review is
wings of different thicknesses and aspect ratios and also concluded by making a brief aseesment of the various methods.
different angles of sweep Simultaneous observation of oil flow Author
patterns provided the means to study the relation between flow
aeparation and bl'"eting The rest Reynolds numbers ranged
from Re = I milion to 2 million Securing turbulent boundary N73-140OOu Advrso=' Group for Aerospace Research and
layer at the shock posit:on by means of irtf.cial transition, no Development. Parts tFri ce)
effect of Reynolds -lumber of buffet boundaries was observed UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS OF HELICOPTER ROTORS
For the models tested it was found that low sweep and low Oct 1972 5O p refs Partly in ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH
aspect ratio yield favorable buffet boundaries Author Presentea at 34th AGARD Struci and Mater Panel Meeting.
Lynbgy Dennmark. II Apt 1972
IAGARD-R-595) Avail NTIS HC $4 50
N72-11987M Royal Arcralt Establishment. Farnborougl- The proceedings of a conference on the unsteady aerodyns.
(England) mica of helicopte: rotors are oresented Methods for improving
A SCHEME FOR A QUIET TRANSONIC FLOW SUITABLE the analyl,-al prediction methods for assessing loads loads, both
 01 AERODYNAMICS 1

&totic and dvr'amic. extorted on rotor blades are discussed Test THE ROLE OF AERODYNAMICS AND DYNAMICS IN
deta to evaluate the effectiveness of current analytical design MILITARY AND CIVILIAN APPLICATIONS OF ROTARY
protceidures ate conrolatted with analytical methods Modifications WINO AIRCRAFT
of design procedures for deisigrr of future aircraft are examined. Pau V~.Yogg in AGARO Helicopter Alsrodyrr. and D>-n. Mar.
For individual titles. see N73-14001 through N73-1~4003. 1973 14 p (For availab~ity weg N73-22946 14-01)
The veonaus aerodynamic and dynamic factor. whitte influence;
N73-14001

W
Texas A&iM
Aerospace Engineering Dept
cotral mehancal
'13)airood.
sreoiliertiity
an
OFHELCOPER
UNSTADYAERDYNM
OTOR
Univ. College Station

P ones In AGARO Unstmady Aefrodyn oi Helicopter Rotors

Oct 1972 23 p rafs !For availability see N73-14000 05-01)
[Grant DA ARO(Ol-31 .124- 71 -G 153)
Dept of the design of herlicoepteris are discussed. The subjects I. sented
are: [1) prierfo-'nance requirements; (2) dynamics. stebii tv. and
and (4) proof of technoloegy. Perfourmance charts for typical
helicopter configurations are included. Auithor

Developments in the field of ressearch on unsteady aefrodylvna- N73-22950 SOwing Co.. Ptiladhas. Pae Vertol Div
mica of helicopter rotors awspresonted Advances in such problem B ASIC AERODYNAMICS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
areas as stall flutter of a retreating rotor bla4Ce. flutter of the HELICOPTER
advancing blade, transient effects due to the interaction of the W. Z Sterpnieiwisk In AGARD Helicopter Averodyn. and Dyn.
tip-vortex of one blade with a following blade and wake induced Mar- 1.173 82 p refs (For availability a"e N73-229-48 14-01)
instabilities in hovering and low speed flight are discussed The iundisamntals of rotary vining aerodynamics and their
Attente",ri is also drawn to aspects requiring additional research application to performantli considerations of helicopter$ are
and. where possible. suggestions are made for new studies which discussed. The subjects presented are (t) momentum theory.
could load to further advancement of knowledge and understanding (2) blade, elfnententhgory. (3) fundamentals of vortex theory, '4)
of the unsteady problems of helicopter rotor blades Author applications of theory so design of ta)Iry wing aircraft and
performance optimization, and (S) exampl* of heliecopter
N73-14002 Army Air Mobility Research and Development Lab, performance prediction based on current indluetnaf piracti
Moffett Field. Calif Author
DYNAMIC STALL OF AIRFOILS AND cIELICOPTER ROTORS
WJMcCroskey In AGARO Unsteady Aerodyn of Helicopter N73-22951 Moseorsichmirt-Scielkow-Bl1ohm G m.b.H., 0tobrunn
Rotors Oct 1972 7 p refs fFor availability see N73-14000 (West Germany).
06-011
Model helicopter rotor tests to deterimne the chairecterritiicx BASIC DYNAMICS OF ROTORS; CCNTROL AND STABIUITY
of revreating blade stall are described If is shown that the OF ROTARY WINO AIRCRAFT. AERODYWiAMICS AND
phenoirienuri may be -cdeled by the coynam~c stall on an DYNAMICS OF ADVANCED ROTARY-WING CONFIGURA-
.Oscillating wing The dynaric cive shoot of rhe static stallION
conditions to show the shedding of a vortex-like disturbance Gý Reichert in AGARO Helicoepter Aeroyn. and Dyn. Mar.
from the leading edge is discussed Applicatio.a of classical static 1973 50 p refs (For availability see N73-22948 14-01)
airfoil section data for predicting aerodynamic toads is explained Rotary wing configurations such as tosterinxg, articulated.
Author igieritoneric-bearing. rotor hub, and hringeless systems are
oislcusaeid The basic dynamics of rotary wings are presented to
atioal
N73-400 Offce
Etdes t ce Rehorhes etopa-show the elementary forcies on a blade element, motion of
tittles 03 Oai Ntoa
Frice )ue tdeRcoce eop rotary wing blades, anid the influence of enplane stiffneess, elastic

COMPUTATION OF UNSTEADY AERODYNAMIC FORCES couJpling effects. The mechanics of helicopter flight are analyzed
to demonstrate the pirinciples of helilocopter control, static and
ON HELICOPTER ROTOR BLADES dynamic stability, and maneuver capability. The aerodynamics
Jeane-Joel Costes In AGARD Unsteady Aerodyn oi Zhis Helicopter and dynamics of advanced rotary wing configurations are
Rotors Oct 1972 16 p refs in FRENCH. ENGLISH summary examined. uto
(For availability see N73-14000 05 011)uto
Numerical methods for determining the unsteady aerodynamicN7292 Ofie atol 'udstdoRcrhin
forces on helicopter rotor blades aie presented The calculationN7.26 Ofie atol Euds tdoRcrhs
of the velocity potentia; induced by a lifting surfac.' element Ararospatliale, Pairis (France)

as a function oftlime The collocation method makes it possible Rolland Dot In AGARD IoLlcopter Aerodyn. and Dyer Mar.
when~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
andr liilbiitarei konidelpdAE~
to express the lift distribution as a function of the velocity193
~ ~ 17 EL TCTY FO
it3 ppiiir orenaton
3p
RYWN73224
faFravialiyeeN329S1-1
AIRCRAF

component normal to the blades on a network of coliocation The effects of aeroelasticity on the performance, of rotary
-err~s d!tt'ibuwOd o,, !he 0!0o. d'SC A ciomrpatmrital~ewaen rhignry wing aircraft are discussed Flutter instability is illustrated by
and experiment in the case of forward flight is provided the case of an airfoil and the theoretical tools used to investigate
Ajthor the flutter of a flexible icing are presented Procedures for
predicting the aerodynamic forces on the blades of rotary wings
are developed. A formulatio of the problem of forced vibration
N73-229485f Advisory Group for Aerospace Research end in forward flieght io grven Mathemnatical models are included to
Development. Paris (France) Fluid Dynamics Panel support the theoretical considerations. Author
HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS AND DYNAMICS
Mar. 1973 378 p refs Lectures presented at Rhode-St -Genes, N73-22953 Loughborough Univ of Technology (England).
Belgium. 2-0 Apr 1973. sponsored in part by von Kormanr Inst HEUICOPTER NOISE: ANALYSIS - PREDICTION AND
(AGAfID-LS-63) Avail NTIS HC 521 00 MT SO EUTO
The role of aerodynamics and dynamics in helicopter MartHODS LOFs RDCIONGR omotrArdy n
development from the fundamental methods and principles through Mar 1inV 3 rwots(FoaGaR labelicoter
"A oy a7-24D4-0n
3 conceptual design to flight lest and proof-of-concept is discussed 1973n7apm
Tar eftal For availabtilnitseeradiation phe -0men
3 The subtrects presented include the following (t) applications of The fundaentad
o nludof heliter noiste redatures pfenbmenaiv
aerodynamics and dynamics to rotary wing aircraft Q2) basc arespresentd tohaiincplueacrevie of the faiecatures of
suoetive
dynamics of rotary wings, (4) seroelasticity of rotary wing aircraft, noise gempner t.Teipiationsotdicrtef
for equenyandis
broadtban
(6) helicopter noise analysis, 16) rotary wing model testing in ntodisecoupssertAleviTew implctonsil frot hlicper nofecsecondtrol
wind turirsls. (6) seilection of conliguraition and prototype design, artentdiscustse Af reviewptofpoisibe propdgction eareictlu
adeth
and 171 flight testing for performanco andl flying q,islitie For Aoetalcsaofhlcptrnisheutinaeinldd

[ N73-22545 Army Air Mobeility Research and Deeomn Lab

Moffett Field, Calif
N73-229S4 Sociate Nationals Industrieolla Aeroespatiale. Marseille
(France) Div Noeicopteres
DRAG PROBLEMS ON ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT
18 0) AERODYNAMICS

Peul Folbre In ACARD Helicopter Aarmdyu. end Dyn. Mar. Kiran 7. McKenzie In AGARD Hoahcoptsr Aerodyn and Dyn
ea" N73-22944 14-01) A review io presented of the required approach to Rlight
Tha effects of aerdyr emic dt.rig on rotary wing perlfrmance testling of rotary wing aircraft in !" majo1 rea
ojof performance
are ankyad The mnfluenct of stall and compressibility on rotor arndflying qualities Program philosophies, problem areas.
driag is examined. AnteA'mpler of parasite drag reduction by techniques of m~easurement. recording. and analysis alre examined
faining the roto hei*Wis praaented. The naturat of helicopter and discussed. Some sample measuremants arO procadures are
in-flight limitations and methods for improving performance eaxmirned to illustrate approaches. Author
through autogyro cornfiguration and reduction of rotor rotational

aped ae sbmitedAutorN74-1109015# Monitory of Dcence. London (England),

N73-22955 Boeing Co.. Philadelpia Pa. Vertoll Div TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON FLUID DYNAMICS
AERODYNAMIC AND DYNAMIC ROTAFY WING MODEL PANEL SPECIALISTS' MEETING ON AERODYNAMIC
TESTING IN WIND TUNNELS AND OTHER FACILITIES DRAG
S F J. Butler Panis AGARO Ser. 1973 14 p rafs Corif
Frilnlidin 0. Harris In AGARD Helicopter Aerodyn and Dyn held at Imife. Turkey. 10.13 Api 1973
Mar. 1973 62 p refs (For availability see N73-22948 14-01) (AGARO-AA-68) Avail; NTIS e-4CS$300
Procedures for tasting models of rotary wing aircraft in wind Tha proceedings of a c4)nference orn the development of
tunnels madiscussed. The test objectives involved in rotary wing mrethiods foi predicting se.odynamic drag are presented The
tunnel tasts are described. The characteristics of various test ng subjects discussed are; (I I aircraft and wing drago chtaracteristics.
fac~iitlitiehae analyzed and compared. Methods for obtaining antu (2) helicopter drag. (3) base drag and soepration. (4) interaction
reducing wind tunnel data are presented. Coat considerations efets(5) hypersonic drag. arid (7) testing techriques for flight
for models111 anid test facilities Iar &riatlyzed to provide basis for and wind tunnel compantions- Author
decision on construction arid modification. Examples of typical
wind tunnel tests conducted with rotary wing models are
included. Author N74-13709*k Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Development. Paris (France)
N113-M6111 Boeing Co. Philadelphia. Pa, Vertol Dow. DYN4AMIC STALL
FACTORS IN THE DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF P Crimi lAvco Corp. Wilmington, Mass) and P F Yaggy. ed
POWERED DYNAMICALLY SIMILAR V/STOL WIND (Army Air Mobility Re% and Develop Lab. Moffett Field. Calif)I
TUNNEL MODELS (APPENDIX 1) Nov 1973 41 p refs Sponsored by NASA
Cari 0. Albrecht In AGARD Helicopter Aerodyn and Dyn (NASA CA-136473. AGARD-AG- 172) Avail NTIS HC $4 25
Mar. 1973 24 p refs (For availability see N73-22948 14-01) CSCL OIA
mae factlors involved in the design of a wind tunnel fot Problems associated with unsteady stall are summarized and
tasting V/STOL aircraft models are discussed Mach-scaled rotor past experimenitai and ineoreticai studrrit. i6:at-g o
!~r~ri
systms
o sowre nalyed
evelpmet ad costrclln Adynamic stall of helicopter rotor blades, are reviewed The problems*
review, of Mach-scaling and Frouds-scaling is included to show attendant to analyttic trenimrrent of dynamic -tall, including
the relative Advantages of each method Techniques for con. idenrtification of relevant flow elements and defir tion of unsteady
structong the models are illustrated The construction of the test separation. aie then discussed and !he basis fcr a theory which
stands end specialized test equipment is explained. Author accounts for viscous e'fects and viscous.'.viscicd interactions
analytically is presented Results of cor-izutatrons are compared
N73432957 Booing Co.. Pthiladelphia, Pa Venaol Div with measured loading on an airfoil undergoing sinusoidal pitching
THE EFFECTS OF REYNOLDS NUMBER ON ROTOR STALL motion The amounts of lift overshoot and their variation with
(APPENDIX 2) frequency ia~ in oood anriment Analyses of wake-induced stall
William G S. Hardy In AGARD Helicopter Aerndyn and Dyi. and stall flutter of 3 helicopter rotor blade are then presentod
Mar. 1973 8 p refs (For availability see N73-22948 14-Cjl) The re-ults indicate that the large stall-related torsional oscillations
A theoical analysis of the effects of Reynolds number on whichi commonly limit helicopter forward speed are the response
the aerodynamic stalling of rotary wings is presented A to rapid changes in aerodynamic moment which accompany stall
comparison of full scale Reyniolds number and model scale and unstall. rather than the consequence of an seroelestic
Renlsnme o pcfcarolconfigurations is made The instability Author
eflects of eioeasticirr conrotar wng performaneice jjie anxilyzed
The relationship of Reynolds numoer to thl, aerodynamic N74-13710#i Advisory Group for Aerospace Research arid
coefficients of rotary wings is established Author Development Paris (France)
MAGNUS CHARACTERISTICS OF ARBITRARY ROTATING

N73-22968 Mosararchmstt-Boalkow-Slohm G m b H . Ottobrunri I D Jacobson (Va Univ l and P F Yaggy. ed (Army Air Mobil-%,y
(West Germany) Res and Develop Lab Moffett Field. Callif Nov 1973 62 p
PARAMETRIC TRENDS AND OPTIMICATION; PRE- refs
UIMINARY SELECTION OF CONFIGURATION, PROTOTYPE tAGARD-AG.17t1 Avail NTIS HCS$525
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE Theoretical and experimental investigations of the Magnui
H. Huber In AGARO Helicopter Asrovlyn and Dyn Mar afflict on aibitrary bodies of revolution are reviewed The main
1973 65 p rafs (For availability seesN73-22948 14-01) emphasis is on spinning projectiles at angle of attack both with
The contribution of aerodynamic and dynamic inputs to the arid without tins Flow visualization measurements are used to
design synthesia of rotary wings is discussed Aerodynamic rotor assess the accuracy of the existing theories Laminar, turbulent
deslign is concentrated on disc loading, tip sped, and solidity and mixed boundary layers are considered Author
ellectoion Rotor sirfo~l design is examined under the aspects of
compiessibility, and stall problems Fundamental flapping and
inplanaA frequencies ore shown to besthe two basic parameters P474-14709# Advisory Group for Aeruspace Research and
in dylanaic: rotor design Methods of cluieloping various trend Development. Paris (France)
curves and their intarpretation is supplemented by formal and AERODYNAMIC DRAG
fltert"v optimization techniques. Author Oct 1973 469 p rats Partly in LN61.iLýH and partly in
FRENCH Proc of the Fluid Dyn Panel Specialists Meeting
Izmir Turkey. 10 13 Apr 1973
1103-22956 Westland Helicopters Lid. Yeouil (England) IAGARD CP- 1241 Avail NTIS HC $25 50
FLIGHT TESTING FOR PERFORMANCE AND FLYING The proceedinos of a conference on aerodynamic drag aret
QUALITIES presented Current research arid fulurn prospects in thre field of
 19
01 AERODYNAMICS

aerofdynamic drag are considered Main emphasis was placed N74-14713 Deutsche Forschungs- und Verauchsenstalt fuer
ufit- und Raumfahrn. Brunswick (West Germany). Inst. fuer
ont a"ecti of practical value to the safes:ace industry in relation
to the need for accurate prediction, measurement, end alleviaton Aerodynamik
of drag Rome of the subjects considart:d are (1) aircraft drag. ON SOME BASIC AND NEW ASPECTS ABOUT THE DRAG
12) wing drag. (3) base drag and separation. (4) interaction effects. P ROBLEM OF WINGS AND BODIES IN SUPERSONIC
(5) hypersonic 4rag. and 16) testing techniques arid correlation FLOWS
of fl•ght test and wind tunnel test data For individual titles, see Arabindo Das In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct. 1973 26 p
N74-14710 through N74-14738 reft (For availability see N74-14709 06-01)
With the objective to determine optimum shapes of slender
N174-14710 Ministry of Oefence. London (England) wings and bodies for minimum total drag in supersonic flows as
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT comprehensive theoretical and experimental analysis of the
S F J Butler In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 11 p problem has been carried out The theoretical formulas for the
(For evailability a" N74-14709 06-01) various drag components which are necessary for a variational
A primary obleci'e of research on aerodynamic drsq is the problem of drag minimization have been reviewed- summarized.
oevieloment and proving of prediction methods in a form suitable partly modified or extended, and finally compared with experimen-
for direct use by aircraft development teams and by those who tal values Based on the Inearized mess flux concept already
have to assess the relative merits of alternative designs Aircraft known in the literature a modified boundary condition leads to
drag estniation methods are needed at various levels of a certain improvement in the results of the linear theory A
sophistication and reliability Basic statistical analyses can form simplified treatment of the modified linear theory is presented
the basis of an acceptable forecasting procedure at the feasibility A unified approach to the problem of minimization of wave dreg
stage. although such an approach is essentially conservative and due to volume and wave drag due to lift yields very simple
can lead to the perpetuation of law design stander"s. as well anelytical results The optimum body shapes show a certain
as being of little use when novel aircraft design concepts are dependence on Mach number For minimization of vortex drag
under consideration Of some significance is the ability to predict the necessary wing twist yields a remarkable improvement. which
rehliably t0 drag of a datum streamlined aircraft with fully-turbulent -,ould also be verified by experiment While the known friction
flow, aiganst which achieved drag levels can be compared in a drag formulas from the literature have been checked with
figure-of-merit approach During the delogn development and experimental vaiues. the problem of base drag of axial symmetrical
refinement stage, the research aims include the achievement of bodies has not been completely solved as yet. theoretical work
on this topic is being continued Author
drag design obtectives and the limitation of drag growth In tht-.
phase, drag predictions in practice mus: be prepared by a r-.ocers
of synthesis (rather than simple summation). with:., a format N74-14714 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford (England)
which can readily accomnitL Jite the changine .jourfes of data MEASUREMENTS OF THE DRAG OF SOME CHARACTERIS-
Author TIC AIRCRAFT EXCRESCENCES IMMERSED IN TUR-
BULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS
N74-14711 Lockheed-Georgia Co. Marietta L Gaudet and K G Winter In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct
A SURVEY OF DRAG PREDICTION TFCHNInUES APPLI- 1973 12 p rats (For availabilitv see N74-14709 06-01) I .
CABLE TO SUBSONIC AND TRANSONIC AIRCRAFT Measurements are descnbed of the drag of various forms
DESIGN of excrescence mounted on balances installed in the walls of
J H Patterson. 0 G MacWilkinson. and W T Blackerby In the working section of the RAE 8ft x Oft wini-i tunnel The tests
AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 38 p refs (For availability cover a range of Mach numbers between 02 and 28 (but not
see N74.14709 06-01) transonic) and a range of Reynolds number The excrescences
The following aspects of aircraft drag prediction in the ýubscnic tested include two-dimensional steps and ridges, circular cylinders
to transonic range are discussed (1) preliminary estimatioi and wings mounted normal to the surface. and holes and fairings
procedures. (2) estimation using wind tunnel test data. and 13) It is thown. for exciescences which are of height small compared
wind tunnel data and flight test data correlation Inaccuracies in with tie boundary layor thickness, that the scale effects on drag
the approach to the use of viut plate skin friction. -vith appropriate are well correlated in te!rns of the wall variables of the turbulent
shape 'actors. to predict profile drag are identifieo Attempts to ooundary layer. but that there is a dependence of drag on Mach
use losi Reynolds number wind tunnel drag levels to nredict full number For steps and ridges the effect of chamfering or rounding
scale drag are shown to be reasonably successful Th. Predic- the upper corners was found to be beneficial at subsonic speeds
tion Mf C-5A uircraft drag chzructISrrlSiCS from wind tunnel tests but far less so at supersonic speeds For circular holes the drag
is discussed Author depends strongly upon the depth to diameter ratio The faih.;a_
tested were either half-bodies of revolution with pointed or rounded
end,&o; of &quare o. roc:arg-;!ar t-ect;on w;th cnd: Th-
aon:cd
effects of different amounts of immersion of the bodies into the
N74-14712 Naval Weapons Lab. Dahlgren. Vs boundary layer was found in some cases by testing geometr-i-
AERODYNAMIC DRAG AND LIFT OF GENERAL BODY calIV similar bodies of different sizes Author
SHAPES AT SUBSONIC. TRANSONIC AND SUPERSONIC
MACH NUMBERS
p N74-14716 Messerschmitt-Boalkow-Blohm Gmb H. Ottobrunn
rrankie G Moore In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 11 (West Germany)
robt (For availability see N74-14709 06-01t
PROBLEMS OF ESTIMATING THE DRAG OF A HELICOP-
Several theoretical and empirical methods are combined into
TER
a single computer program to predict drag, lift. and center of 12 p
S N Wagner In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973
pressure on bodies of revolution at subsonic, transonic, and refs (For availabiliti see N74-14709 06-01)
supersonic Mach numbers and for angles of attack to twent
dpegres.niThe bodyeotries cand be qnglenr in tattk oitnte. The componentu. which contributa to the drag of a nelicopter
degrees. The body geometrues can be qno te generall n that powntedl are identified as Il1 the drag of the main and tail rotors. (2)
dperontinuit.es along the nose Partcular emphasise s placed on fuselage drag (3) pylon drag. (4) landing gear drag. (5) fairing

methods which yield accuracies of ninety percent or better for drag, ande6) drag caused by intererence belva esn the heicopter
most configuratiors but yet are computotionally fast To handle components The difficulties a:d advaentages of methOds for
the blunt nosed configurations. a new procedure has bee- definng thc dreg of a helicopter are analyzed Procedures for.
test'no small scale models of helicopters are discussed The
employed that of combining rnod;ied Newtonian theory watn
correlation of model date with flight test data is examined
rturbaton theory Theoretical and experimental resuls arAuthor
presented for several proJecterie and the iui-paei•i,•Si ,eet the Ah
ceneral accuracy requirements above The combined pnrturbe 7b
lion - Newtonian theory gave pressures which compared better N74-14716 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Fernborough (Eng-
lend)
with experiment than any existing approximate technique in the
Author AIRCRAFT DRAG PREDICTION FOR PROJECT APPRAISAL
lower supersonic speed regime

JL=
20 01 AERODYNAMICS

AND PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION =ompanr•nd. not by a large thrust recovery, but by a aegnificant
S F J Butler in AGARD Aerod~rn Drag Oct 1973 60 p increase in drag However to achieve moderate to high lifts the
(For Availability sa N74-14709 06-01 use of let flapa rAther than incidence has led to a significant
The principal stages in aircraft feasibility study and dOen reduction in the d-ag due to lift. To calcultat the transonic let
development are considered, leading to the specification of flap flow a modified Spence let flap condition is Postulated and
deirable charactenstics of aircraft drag prediction models The incorporated into the (unsteady) finte diffwrence procedure. An
cooitlnbutiOis to drag modelling to be expected from research example is then calculated and compared with expernmental
ire reviewed. togaieiter with the impact of computerized design result Author
selection and nismion analysis methods An assessment of the
relative importa-ce of different components and sources of drag N74-14721 National Aerospace Lab.. Amsterdam (Nether-
introduce* surveys, which examine the present state of the ant lends)
of prediction for apcific classes of aircraft and for particular COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR CALCULAT-
aspects of drag The main problems involved in executing and ING PROFILE DRAG FROM PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS
analysing model and aircraft tests Are also discussed in the drag IN THE NEAR WAKE AT SUBCRITICAL SPEEDS
context The collection, analysis and dissemination of data suiteble J Zwaaneveld In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 12 p
for direct use in practical design methods are discussed Author refs (For availalbdini see N74-14709 06-01)
Methods for calculating the profile drag from total and static
N74-14717 Engineering Sciences Data Unit. London (Eng- pressure measurements in aircraft wake have been compared
land) An analytical model of a compressible two-dimensional wake is
APPENDIX. A DATA ITEM SERVICE FOR AIRCRAFT DRAG used to obtain numerical resulhs Both the oldest method of
ESTIMATION Bets and the widely used method of Jones allow the static
In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 9 p refs (For availability pressure variation across th, wake to be taken into account
"see N74-14709 06-01) These methods are therefore suitable to treat the flow in the
Avail NTIS very near wake The third method de- loped by Squire and
The terms of reference for an engineering unit concerned Young is in principle only valid when the atic pressure variation
with determining aerodynamic drag are discussed The functions across the wake is negligible To exteond this method to tte
of the organization are defined (1) to collect and disseminate more general case. two modifications are considered, the first
information on drag piediction for sweptwnco aircraft. f21 to as proposed by Squire and Young. the second as presented by
arrange for the correlation and analysis of relevant data. (3) to the author The latter modification makes use of the mome.rturn
formulate a comprehensive framework for the analysis and integral equation with modified otrameters The numerical results
synthesis of aircraft drag, and 141 to encourage the introduction show this new approach to be in far better agreement with the
and adoption of improved drag prediction methods Author method of Jones than the first mentioned modified veraion
Author
N74-14718 Douglas Aircrah Co. Inc . Long Beach. Calif
REMARKS ON METHODS FOR PREDICTING VISCOUS
DRAG N74-14722 Office National d Etudes at de Recherches
A M 0 Smith and Tuncer Cbec, In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Aerospatrales. Paris (France)
Oct 1973 12 p refs (For availability see N74-14709 0601M DRAG AND SEPARATION
While predictions of low speed profile drag are accurate for Maurice Srre,x In AGARO Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 23 p
monoelement airfoils at low angle of attack. the methods are refs In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (For availabilty see
not very accurate at higher angles of attack, or for multielement N74-14709 06-01)
airfoils or for fatter bodies of revolution Two courses that might The unsteady chcracter of some separated flows and their
lead to possible improvement in accuracy have been investigated resulting effects are discussed The different types of turbulent
One was an attempt to perform direct shear and pressure stress separated flows of a limited extent and quasi-steady character
calculations on an airfoil or body The other was an attempt to are defined ihe expected effects of these separated flows on
inprove the Squire-Young momentum defect method by actually the aerodynamic drag were studied Theoretical methods of
solving the wake for a short distance The first method was not prediction are explained E-.amples in which .epar#,ted flows
successful but the second method shows promise H-tance. it is appear are analyzed Author
tentatively concluded that refinement of the momentum defect
method is the most promising path towards improved accuracy N74-14723 Deutsche Forschhungs- und Ver- chsanstalt fuer
Author Luh- und Ra~mrahrt. Goeltingen (West Germany,
NEW INVE.,TIGATIONS FOR REDUCING THE BASE DRAG
OF WINGS WITH A BLUNT TRAILING EDGE
N 74-147 19 National Aeronautical Establishment, Ottwa Maur. Tanner In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 9 L,
lOntNrAo) refs (For availability see N74-14709 06-01)
DRAG OF SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOILS IN TRANSONIC Investigations were conducted to determine methods for
FLOW reducing the baie drag of wings with blunt trailing edges
J J Kacprzynski In AGARD Aerodyn D'ag Oct 1973 20 p Measurement; were performed on a rectangular wing in a low
refs IFor availability see 1`74-14709 06-01) speed wind tunnel The wing was fitted with broken trailing
Analytical methods of evaluation of drag coefficients of edges splitter plates and iplutter wedges The tests showed
contemporary supercrtlical airfoils are discussed Some results that the base drag could Zm substantially reduced by litting a
of experirrenial values of drag coefficient for supeicritical airfoils sph tter wedge on the traiin.] edge For the mo t advantageous
are compared against results of theoretical evaluations Some splitter wedge. the base drag was nearly zero In this case the
result of drag coefficients of conventional airfoils are included maximum lit to drag ratio for the wing with a blunt trailing
for comparison Difficulties of accurate experimental recording edge was as great as that for the corresponding wing with a
of drag coefflients are irdicated Author conventional sharp trailing edge Author

N74-14720 General Dynamics/Convair. San Diego. Calif

Aerospace Div N74-14724 Illinois Univ. Urbana Dept of MechanicAl and
TRANSONIC DRAG DUE TO LIFT OF PLANAR JET.FLAPPCD Industrial Engineering
AIRFOILS A STUDY Of FLOW SEPARATION IN THF RASE REGION
H Yoshihare R Magnus and D Zonars iAFFOL) In AGARD AND ITS EFFECTS DURING POWERED FLIGHT
Aerodyn DraV" Oct 1973 8 p refs (For availability see A L Addy. H H Koast. R A White and B . Walke, lArmy
N74-14709 06 O• Missile Command. Redstone Arsenal Ala fIn AGARD Aerodyn
In contrast to the low speed case test results indicate that Drag Oct 1973 15 p refs iFor availability see N74 .4709
lift augmentation by -'e let flap in the transonic regime is 06 01o
01 AERODYNAMICS 21

The effect of the eatrareted flow region on the performance drag increments. especially on modern swept wing& with
of aircraft and missiles during powered flight is discussed Trin supercitilcel airfoil sections Side effects such as pod influenc:es
interection between the propulsive let and the free stream flows on wing flutter. deep staff. end general sizing of the empennage
is esimphoed The ChOapmen-Korst component flow model allows are discussed Author
the quelitative and quantithe.ve discussion of the effects of the
afterbtody-bese problem of all pertinent design and performance N74-14728 National Aeronau,tical Establishment, O;taws
perameters The usefulness of the component approach hes (Ontario)
been enhanced by semi-ampeitcal modifications, improvements THE DRAG RESULTING FROM THREE-DIMENSIONAL
of individual components. and the development of computer SEPARATIONS CAUSED BY BOUNDARY-LAYER DIVERT-
programs It is shown that the onset and location of plume-induced ERS AND NACELLES IN SUBSONIC AND SUPERSONIC
selaraltion of the external flow can be predicted given a suitable FLOW
boundary layer separation crtenon Author David J Peaks and William J Rainbird (Carileon Univ) In
AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct. 1973 22 p refs (For evailabiitr;
se N74-14709 06-01)
N74-14726 LTV Aerospace Corp. Dallas. Tex Three-dimensional viscous flow separations and their effect
PREDICTION OF BUFFET ON-SET FOR AIRCRAFT. RECENT on configuration drag are examined in high Reynolds number
PROGRESS IN WIND TUNNEL AND FLIGHT TEST DATA tests conducted in the NAE 5 ft x 5-h blowdown wind tunnel
CORRELATION in both subsonic and supersonic flow In particular, emphasis is
A C McWherter In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct. 1973 8 p placed on the geometry of the system to divert the oncoming
rots (For availability see N74-14709 06-01) boundary layer about propulsion nacelles To avoid significant
Methods for predicting and determ.nng the onset of buffet three-dimensional separations, avoid imposing large adverse
during aircraft flight are analyzed The buffet characteristics of stroemwias pressure gradients upon an oncoming boundary layer,
F-4 omd F-8 aircrah are reported Diagnostic data on wind tunnel such as those produced near stagnation point regions of bluff
flow is examined to determine the property or properties which divsrersr or adjacent to intakes operating below design mass
are necessarV to obtain repeatable, sensible buffet onset flow The avoidance of these strong atreamwrse pressure gradients
predictions from model testing The characteristics of wind Tunnels is seon to be readily achieveci by increasing the drvener slenderness
which affect the results of buffet investigations are examined ratto and by keeping intakes operating at design conditions by
Author means of auxiliary by-pass arrangements Author

N74-14726 Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab. Wrighl-Patterson N74-11729 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford (England)
AFN . Ohio THE DRAG OF EXTEPNALLY CARRIED STORES: ITS

ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUINCE OF INLET AND PREDICTION AND ALLEVIAfION

AFTIODYNOZZLE PERFORMANCE ON TOTAL AIlCRAFT P G Pugh and P G Hutton In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct
DRAG 1973 t I p refs (For availability see N74-14709 0-01)O
Ph-lip P Antonatos. Lewis E Surber Jamob A Laughrey. and The installed drag of stores mekes a maeor contribution to
Donald J Steve fn AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 28 p The to!al drag of enmhat aircraft It can be several times the
refs (For availabililty s&le N74- 14709 06 01) sum of the free-air drags of the individual stOreS and its prediction
The influence of propulsion system installation on aircraft and reduction are essential to the design of high-performance
drag is discussed Using information from several investigations, aircraft Interference effects involved range from simple buoyancy
different aspects of airframe propulsion integration are explored, to complex interactions involving viscous and wave drag
each of which affects the assessment of aircraft drag A great phenomena For the simpler cases there are good prospects
deal of apparently conflicting data has been generated on that the installed drag can be accurately predicted arther by
airframe-propulsion integrawt)n simply bcauso the invoetrgators current methods oi by relatively straightforward extensions of
concerned with different aspects of a system development hove these However, empirical methods will continue to be needed
not property integrated their own offor. to assure that theoretical for the prediction of -he drag of complicated cases eg multiple
analysis methods are consistent with wind tunnel test methods, store aitrays at transonic sreod3 Some examples are given to
the. the lost models are consistent with each other, and that show the OopOrturties for reducing the installed drag either by
adeoquate corrections for the effect of model mounting systems redesigns to take advantage of improved mechanical systems or
can be made Even rather small inconsistencies in just a few of through the development of radically new instlalllions Author
these considerations may result in errors of sufficient magnitude
to affect aircraft design decisions aiversely A major petn of the N74-14730 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstslt fuer
diffif-ily nf making an accurate assessment of irnietiahbody nozzls Luh- und Raumfahrt. Goettingen (West Gsrmany)
effect on aircrah drag is the prediction of flight performance DRAG IN HYPF.RSONIC RAREFIED FLOW
from wind tunvel test date Early system development should Walter Wuest In AGARD AerodVn Drag Oct. 1973 12 p
be studied carefully to assure that the program of airframe- refs (For aseilolity, seeq N74-14709 06-01)
propulsion integration end the demands on propulsion related The drag force in hypersonic flow mey be divided into :old
dreg assessment are consistent with dag estimate accuracy for pressure drag (incident molaculesl. temperature depending
.he airframe Author pressura drag (diffusively reflected molecules) and friction drag
The pressure drag dominates on blunt bodies which show a
74-14"127
THE11472 BOeing Cornmercal Airplane Co. Renton, Wash shlghlor dreg variation with rarefaction whereas on slender bodies
O
SROLEM lN
ommINSTA Ai M oDE RN
HIGhnton.YPfriction drag dominates and the total drag is strongly influenced
THE !ROBLEM OF INSTALLING A MODERN HIGH BYPASS by rarefition Relaxation and radiation do not appreciably after
ENGINE ON A TWIN JET TRANSPOR " AIRCRAFT c02 sh pressure drag but influence the flow field, stand-off distance
W elter C 3wan and Armand Sigalla 7 AGARD Aerrodyn oh o wave d hut tnfe r Aut hor

I
Drag Oct 1973 12 p lFor availability ie N74-14709 06-01) o' shock wave, and heat tianfer Author
An examination of the engine placement on a modern let
transport presents new drag and stablity problems Large hiWh N74-14731 Centre National de Ia Recherche Scitentificue.
bypass ratio engines create Iage annular and wetted area drag Meudon (France) Lab dAerothermique
and blockage surfaces which can cause difficult configuration DRAG OF LIFTING BODIES FOR PILOTS AT HIGH
pr'iblams as well as large inlerfae-ence drag and stabdiloy effects ALTITUDE [TRAINEE DE CORPS PORTANTS PILOTES A
The option is open to conventional underwing and aflbody HAUTE ALTITUDEJ
mounied installations as well as renewed opriortunity for J Allegro, C Metrand. and M F Sciblis In AGARD Aerodyn
over-the-wing installations In this paper the drag and stability 0)Irip OCt 1973 10 p 64f Ii, 1VEtNCII. CNGLSIi summari
consoqLences for each class of configuration is examined !or a (For availability seo N74-14709 00-01)
typical intermediate range transport The results ore equally valid ifting bodies with 60 deg swept delta wings fitled out
for shorl haul and certan STOL missronr In some ir stancos it with control devices, located near the trailing edge "f the wings
is shown, proper pId shape and position-ng may result wi fevorable are analyzed The present experimental study of the aerodynamic A

"-r

S|4
22 01 AERODYNAMICS

behaviour of the .sing is realized in a rorfiled flow simulating a (wind-up/down turn) maneuvers ut-lizing sensitive three-sist
flight altitude of about 70 km. Expe•nments wre performed in an accelerometers to determine excass thrust and the internal
Oen Ot and continuously opirating wind tunnel The air fow is pressure method for measuring engine thrust Compreo r airflow.
charecterwed by a Mach number of S.1 and a free stream Reynolds afterbunmer pressure drop and nozile coefficients used for
number of 2200 per cm Results show how much aerodynamic computing engine net thrust were obtained from isolated engine
devices iesociated with the deoit wing. like spoilers. remain tests at simulated flight conditions throughout the flight envelope
efficient and can be used in order to control the traltectorl at Wind tunnel date were used to account for propulsion system
high altitude. Dreg coefficient data are given in the range of drag caouKd by subcntical inlet spillage and nozzl. interference
incidence, between minus 20 deo and 20 dcg. A compan•ion drag Author
between efficiencies of trailing edge solid spoders and trading
edge fluid spoilers allows to point out some advantages of the
fluid spotters It. particular, this let control mechanism can create
a sufficient side thrust without entailing a large increase of the N74-14736' National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
drag Author Flight Research Center. Edwards. Calif
dREVIEW OF DRAG MEASUREMENTS FROM FUGHT TESTS
OF MANNED AIRCRAFT WITH COMPARISONS TO
N74-14732 Aent|lis. Turin Mitaly) WIND-TUNNEL PREDICTIONS
A REVIEW OF SUPERSONIC aPHr IE DRAG FROM THE Jon S Pyle end Edwin J Saltzman In AGARO Aerodyn. Drag
CONTINUUM TO THE FREE MOLEC.ULAR FLOW REGIME Oct 1973 12 p refs tFor availability see N74-14709 06-01)
E Vellerani In AGARD AerodVn Dreg Oct 1973 16 p refs In-flight studies of the overall and local components of dreg
(For availability eat N74-14709 06-01) of many types of aircraft were conducted The primary goal of
The evaluation of the sphere dreg coefficient has been the these studies was to evaluate wind-tunnel and semiempirical
obiect of extensive theoretical investigations for a long time A prediction methods Some evaluation% are presented in this paper
large amount of experimental data has been colIlct•d to which may be summarized by the following observations
tubatag•Iite those studies and to provide the needed information Wind-tunnel pwedictionc of overall vehicle drag can be accurately
for the flow regimes to, which the theoretical approaches are ext. epolated to flight Reynolds numbers, provided that the base
still missing The scope of the present review is to atenmpt the dreg is removed and the boattail areas on the vehicle are small
eotabizhment of a more complete panorama of the supersonic Tho addition of ablated roughness to lifting body configurations
sphere dreg predictions over the entire range of flow regimes cruses larger losses in performance and stability than would be
ranging from the continuum flow to the free molecular flow, in expected from the added friction drag due to the roughness
order to provide in a consistent form the design engineer of the Successful measurements of skin friction have been made in
information required for the aerodynamic design of apace flight to Mach numbers above 4 A reliable inflatable deceleraton
vehicles The theoretical methods developed to cover the vrious device was demonstrated in flight which effectively stabilizes
flow regimes such as. (1) continuum low density. (2) free arid decelerates a lifting aircraft at supersonic speed* Author
rioeuler, 43) near free mo!ecular, and W4) ,nte,'rediete have
been revilwed and discussed in the light of the comparison
with the pertinent experimentll data available New semlempiricai N 74-14736 Royal Armament Research and Development
formulas for the cOrrelation of the experimental deta are derived Establishment. Fort Halstead (England)
for the low density coritinuum flow end for the near free rnolecIle AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF TRANSONIC
flow regimes For the intermediate flow regimes, ranging between DRAG MEASUREMENT IN A LARGE MODERN WIND
the continuum flow end the free molecular flow. the results of TUNNEL
a emimpir~cal method recently developed by the author are K Fanicelt and 7 Smith In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct
prelented and discussed. Author .973 11 p refs (For availability see N74-14709 06001)
The aeroballistic coeflficents of bodies of rivoliton are needed
for the mathematical modelling of their Irlaectories The most
N74-14733 Ruhr Univ. Sodium (West Germany) signil-ant coefficient required is zero yaw dreg and the accuracy
THE INFLUENCE OF WAVE DRAG ON HYPERSONIC required is sbout 0 5% for a perfect trajectory model, compared
ENTROPY WAKE OBSERVATIONS with about 5% for lift and overturning moment LJft. drag end
Wolfgang Merzkirch and Atlo Stilp ([Ernst-Mach-Inst I In AGARD overturning moment were mea•iured over a range of yaw angles
Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 6 p rts (Fur availability see on two sting lengths in a 2 4 m x 2 7 m transonic wind tunnei
N74-14709 06-01) There was a marked difference in the measured drag values 'or
The conditrons existiing in the wake of a blunt hyDersonic these stirr and a further investigation was mande with /ive
body are discussed The two different flow regimes are defined sting lengths From these tests an empirical correction to the
as (11) the viscous wake which originates Irom the separa•ed support system was derived which agreed well with a sulioonic
boundary layer and (2) the inviscid or entropy wake formed by theoreltcal estimate At speeds above Mach 1 0 the irrojrelrry
the streamlines which have traversed the curved peat of the of the tunnel axist pressure distribution dom,n.eed th', effects
bow shock The flow visualization of the entropy wake by schl•eren due to the support sylem and a combined correction we# denved
photography is described The observed schheren pattern is It was found that the difference in measured valuesahe, correction
analyzed with the aid of optical schhreren theory and can be was vary much less than before. over the whole Wach number
related to the flight Me-:h number and the drag coefficient of range. thus supporting the correction procedu e applied A
the body. Author statistical analysis of the resiJual coefficient erors has been
summailzed for the subsonic and transonic wed regions The
N74-14734 Neva' Air Systems Commend. Washinglon. D C transonic percentage errors were generally less than the subsonic
DEVELOPMEnT OF TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE IN-FLIGHT values, due to the larger coefficient values measured Author
DRAG OF A US NAVY FIGHTER AIRPLANE AND CORRELA-
TION OF FUGHT MEASURED DRAG WITH WIND TUNNEL N74-14737 City Univ. London (England) Dept of Aeronau-
DATA tics
E C 'tooney In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 16 p STING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON AFTERBODIES AT
(For availabiity see N74-14709 06.01) TRANSONIC SPEEDS
Wind tunnel and flight drag measurement techniques end 0 M Sykes In AGARD Aerodyn Drag Oct 1973 9 p reft
correlation of wind tjnnel enal flight dreg dale for a U S New !For availhilily see N74-14709 06 01)
fighterairplane are discussed Wind lunnel drag data were obiained The pressure distribution over the surfs.C of three axisyrn-
wrth aerodynamic. induction system and powered nozle/fterbody metric ifterbodies at zero incidence has been measured and
models A common reference afterbody configuration between sting interference etfecs determir ,I through the Mach number
aerodynamic and propulsion models was utilized to assure range from 070 to 1 15 in an ,,clagonal. slotted wall wind
compatibility of thrust and drag measurements Flight dreg date tunnel The afterbodies testrid ware a simple cylinder and conical
were obtained from steady-state. quasi steady-stlte and dynln.,. boat-tadis 1.2 calibre long with 7 t -2 deg angle aid I calibre
01 AERODYNAMICS 23

liong with 9 dog angle. each carrying a representative driving aerodynamic intorfer 'ice procedwres for two or more oscillating
bend Sting diameter effct were deterrinted using 4 calibre surfaces in order to calcula;e interfering aerodynamic forces,
long cylindncal stings ofdiamewter 1/9. tj4. 3/a and 1/2 calibre, theoretical procedures were developed which may be divided
and stingiftareurtarfereinceeffectwere determined fora '0 dog into Ifthing surface theories and double lattice
meilic=i Measure-
saemi-ongle cone on a 1/4 calibre sting. The teets ehowed that mentas of unsteady presaure JistributionS on a variable wing-tail
the ratio of sting to beassdiameter was ths. inain parameter for configuration. were compared with the results of the lifting surface
intefr~fernc effects, but data for dwmeter effect from efterbodoes theory Author
w~ith other geometries wre, not fully correlated using this
parameter Succesaful correlation with other data has been
uLchie'vd for the proximity of conial flares of different angles for
su~bsonic nlow coinditions. Author

N74-14732 Laboratoire do Recherches Selistiques et Aerody-

namniquee. Vernon (France)
MEASUREMENT OF DRAG IN A SMOCK T'JNNEL (ME-
SURE$ Of TRAINEE EN TUNNEL OE TIRM
Daniel Behurel end Alain Deegardirm In AGARD Aerodyn Dreg
Oct 1973 14 p refs in FRENCH (For availability see N74-1 4709
06-01)
After summarizing the principles of drag measurement in a
Shock tunnel, the different merthods *ctuoIly used are given Cx
constant. Cx as a function of incidence. and Cx assa function of
Mach number The accuracy of the methods is included. A sernes
*f results, obtnained in the L RiB A shock tunnel, on spltero-corirc
and cylindo-corsic prolecile slip over a brood range of Mach
numbers and at 15 degree incidence angle are presented
Transl by E H W

N74-10562*# National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Langley Research Center. Langley Station. Va
COMMENTS ON NASA LANGLEY REPEARCH ON TRAN-
SONIC UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS
Som,:qI A Bland Paris AGARD De*c 1973 14 p refs
Presentee~ at 36th AGARO Structures and Mater Panel Meeting.
Mt!an. 4 Apr 1973
iNASA TM-X-69997. AGARD.R-61 1) Aseil NTIS HC $4 00
CSCL OIA
Accurate unsteady transonic aerudynamics for usa in flutter
calculation are considered Fivedifferent methods of analysis
are described, each of which attempts to treat some of the
norilnear aspects ofthe transonic flow Whete possible. calculated
results ar* given. Author

N74-18663# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

oevelc,ciment. Paris (France)
ON THE PREOICTION OF AERODYNAMIC LOADS ON
OSCILLATING WINGS IN TRANSONIC FLOW
H Tildernan (Nail Aerospace Lab . Amnsterdam) and R J Zwaan
(Natil Aerospace Lab. Amsterdam) Jon 1974 30 p refs
Presented at 38th AGARtD Structures andiMater Panel Meeting.
Milan 4 Apr 1973

i
(AGARD-R-6121 Avail NTIS HC 5450
Possi~iities to develop calculation methods for oscillating
wings in transonic flow are diacussed Special attenrion is given
to the question of lineariottion
Pressure measurements on an
aerofoilwith flapin transonic flow are analyzed Correlations
are made between steady. quaiiisteedyV and unsteady results
Shock motion and sho'ck strength are investigated Also linearity
is discussed A calculation method for high subsonic florw is
suggested Author

N?4-19664# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris (France)
INTERFERING LIFTING SURFACES IN UNSTEADY SUB-
SONIC FLOW: COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORY AND
EXPERIMENT
Juergen Becker lMOSesserchmili-Eloelkow Ellorrm. Munich) Jan
1974 20 p refs Presented at 37th AGARD Structures and
Moter Peanl Meeting, the Hague 7.12 Apr 1973
(AGARD-R.6t4) Avail NTIS NC 5400
The results of experimental and analytical iese~arch work on
the flutrer with complete airciaft models showed considerable
shihirng of critical flutter speeds due to interifring aerodynamic
forces, particularly where models of variable geomet-y were
concerned This was the reason lo, the development of

a-I
02 AIRCRAFT Preceding page blank 256

K D Herris IHawker Siddeley Aviation. Ltd.. H otfield. England)

02 AIRCRAFT 7 p refs I'See N71-20066 09-02)
16 AERODfNAMIC RESEARCH ON HIGH LIFT SYSTEMS
Includes fiasd-wing qitiasnee. hailiolftaits gliders balos F Mairnptis (Canadair. Lid) 13 p refs (54. N71-20067 09-02)
orristffoptrs. etc: and specific types of complete aircraft
(eq.. grwlind oftect machines. STOL and VTOU. Right
test. oweating priblems teg. sonic boom), "aet and
so"vt devices. economics. "n stabilri and control For N71-200(62# Hawker Siddeley Aviation. Ltd. Hatfield (England)
best- research ase 01 Aerodynamnics. For reflated iniforma- Aerodynamic Dept
tion see oleo. 31 Space Vehicles; and 32 Structural AIE040YrIAMICS OF MECHANICALIHIGH LIFT DIEVICES
Mechanic,. 0 M Mcaes In AGARD Assessment of LUfi Augmentation
Devices Feb 1971 23 p refs ISee N71-20051 09-02)
Avail NTIS
The purpose is to describe in general terms the stalling
Pi71-2OOS1# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research $Ad of conventional sirfoi's and the effects of mechanical high lift
Development. Pgrris (France) devices thereon The factors effecting maximum lift coefficient are
ASSESSMENT OF LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES dliscussed in the context of estimation inethods Drag is also
Feb 1971 284 p refs Presented at the Lecture Series- discussed Author
Rhode Saint-Genese. Belgium. 20 24 Apr 1970. Sponsored by
AGARD and von Karmen Inst M71-20053# Tochnische Hachschule Carobo Wilholmnsrn.
IAGARD-LS-43 71) Avail NTIS Brunswick (West Germany) Inst fur Slromungsmect %nik
AERODYNAMICS OF PNEUMATIC HIGH LIFT DEVICES
CONTENTS J v,)n der Decken Iin AGARD Assessment of Lift Augmentation
I AERODYNAMICS OF MECHANICAL HIGH LIFT DjEVICES Devices Feb 1971 36 p rafs (See N71-20051 09.02)
0 M Mc Rae (Hawker Siddeley Aviation. Ltd. Hatfield. England) Avail NTIS
23 p iefs (Seel"171-20052 09-02) An introductory survey of pneumatic boundary loyer end
2 AERODYNAMICS OF PNEUMATIC HIGH LIFT DEVICES circulation control schemes for increasing maximum lift is given
J von, der Decken (Tech Hochscriule Carobo Whilholmina) 36 p The physical background of boundary layer control by suction and
rafs (See N71-20053 09 02) blowing. and of supercirculation and slipstream effects. is described.
3 AERODYNAMICS OF VARIABLE SWEEP Ph also the aerodynaminic efficiency of the different devices is estimrated
Poisson Quinton (Office Nail rlEludes at de Recherches by theoretical approaches Finally. practical applications and
Aerospatrales. Paris France) 19 p rafs (See N 71 -20054 09-021 performance evaluation of pnaumatr devices are discussed Author
4 zuh0iA~vNTAL ASPECTS OF FLOW SEPARATION
frFUidDER mis 19G
LIF CONITIO(Se H7 205 (VonO 0901)n 4 Office Nainl uesatsAciece
frFuNdDER LIF C oNDtIONSe H7P H05
HIG mis 0rto 1)o InieNainlstld M7ar005n td ecece
5 SOME NOTES ON TWO DIMENSIONAL HIGH LIFT Avrospatiates Paris (France) Dept des Etudes de Synthese.
TESTS IN WIND TUNNELS B van den Berg (Nail Lucht-en AERODYNAMICS OF VARIA8LE SWEEP
Ruirrtevaarllaboratutium), I8 p refs (See N7 1-20056 09-011 Ph Poisson-Quinton In AGARD Assessment of Lift Augmentation
6 MODEL TESTING REQUIREMENTS AND TECHNIQUES Devices Feb 1971 19 p refs (SaeeN7l-200S 1 09-02)
FOR HIGH LIFT SCHEMES THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS Avail NTIS
C Russell i~ritisli Aircraft Corp Wairton. England) 22 p rets Aerodynamic problems in the design of variable sweep
f5cc N71-20057 09-01) aircraft are discussed Selection of pivot location io reviewed as
7 ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS FOR wltiI as investigations of high lift devices. 'ving camber. and
HIGH LIFT SCHEMES L B Gratzer (Boeing Co Seattle. Wash ~veep
longitudinal instability near the stall on variable configurations
23 p rels (See N71120058 09-02) Apý-vctwcon of this configuration to reusable soacscraft is mentioined
8 ANALYSIS OF COMBAT AIRCRAFT APPLICATIONS FOR
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES R Taisseine IBrequel-Aviation)
21 p (See N7 1-20059 09-02) %471-20055# von Karmen Inst for F~uid Dynamics. Rhode
9 FLIGHT TESTING MILlTA6-tY TKsANSPO"rT AIRCRAFT Saint-Genese (Belgiumll
FOR CLEARANCE IN THE SIOL kULE K P Evie iAeropane anv FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF FLOW SEPARATION UNDER
Armament Exiperimental Establishment) 24 p ref (See N71-20000 HIGH f.IFT CONDITIONS
09-021, H P Horton In AGARD Assessment of Lift Augir~r~air ni
tO LIFT AJ~GMENTA7lON DEVICES AND THEIR EFFECT Devices Feb 1971 19 p iefs (See N7 1-2005 1 09 02)
ON THE ENGINE PART 1 INTERFACE PROBLEMS BETWEEN Avail NTIS
ENGINE AND AIRFRAME J A Hooper (Rolls-Royce. Ltd . Bristol. A qualitative dlescript~on is presented of separation problems
Englar. "i 18 p iSee N7 1-20061 09-021 covering Iwo dimensional laminar and turhulent separation
I1 LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES AND THEIR EFFECT ccincepts. separated flow on single two dimensional airfoils. boundary
ON THE ENGINE PART 2 THERMODYNAMIC PROBLEMS AND layer Separation bubbles, separated flow on multi-airfoil systems
SOME POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS E A White and H C Hillier (wake and boundary layer miring) and three dimensional Separated
(Rolls-Royce Ltd.- Bristol. Engtand) 13 p (See N7 1-20082 09-02) flow The possibility of applying theoret-cal techniques to the
12 OPTIMISING THE PROPULSIVE/LIFT SYSTEM FOR pirediction of the naximurvi lilt and drag of an airfoil is briefly
TURBOFAN STOL AIRCRAFT CONSIDERING COST discussed EC
EcFEiCTIVENESS H T Bowling (Lockheecl.-Georgia Co.- Marietta)
14 p (See 1,71-200833 09-28) N71-200560 National Luclil En Ruirmtviaarllaboralorium
13 A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR AEnOFOIL LEADING EDGE Amsterdam (Netherlands)
STUDIES J Monnerre (Office Nail d Eludes at d -Recherches SOME NOTES ON TWO DIMENSIONAL HIGH LIFT TEST
Aerospatiaf as. Parie. Frincel S p ref :See N7 1 20064 09-02) IN WIND TUNNELS
14 SOME CUMML NIb UN LHAHAWI:14S$13.-b CiP HI(jH LIFI B van den Berg ifi AGAiA0 Asbebitiwiiei ul LiftI rAvugifiilaliuii
WINGS 0 N Foster I(royal Aircraft Establishment. Fainiborough. Devices Feb 1971 18 p refs (Sea N7 1.20051 09.02)
England) 5 p refs ISae Nr71- 20065 09-02i Avail NTtS
15 THE HUNTING H 128 JET FLAP rESEARCHi AIRCRAFT ?roblems associated with Iwo dimensional high lift tests

1A
26 02 AIRCRAFT

are discussed in terms of the test setup in the wind tunnel the W71.2OO0Od Aetroolane and Armament Experimental
design of the models. and the method3 to determine the forces Establishment. Soaecombe Down (England) Performance Div
on the modeal Tunnel well ninerfergincri effects are also discussed FLIGHT TESTING MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT FOR
These include the effect of thi, constraint which the tunnel walls CLEARANCE IN THE STOL ROLE
impose on the flow as wall as the danger of boundary layer K P Eyre In AGARD Asselsoment of Lif Augmentation Devices
sepielatone on the tunnel watts The necessity of boundary fayer Feb 1971 24 p ref (see N? 1-20051 00-02)
control at the model tunnel wall junctions is demonstrated Avail NTIS
Author The types of tests which are likely to be rQvirred to clear
an aircraft from handling and Performance aspeicts -for military
11171-200117# British Aircraft Corp.- Warton (England) Wino STOL Applications are discussed Tests made to clear the Andover
Tunnel Delpt C Mk Iare given as an example No special consideration is
MODEL TESTING REOUIREMENTS AND TECHNIQUES FOR girven to particular high hll devices each Of Which may of coursei
HIGH UIFT SCHEMES: THREE DIMENSIONAL ASPECTS gintirodu~ce Individual pioblern$ However. it to considered that in the
CRussell In AGARD Assessment of Lift Augmentation Devices case of STOL aimrcaf geinerll thie Problen Of yariability in behavior
Feb 1971 22 p rely (lSee N7 1-20051 09-02) may reiquire more than usual attention due to the rapid maneuvers
Avail NTIS and short distancers involved with considerable dependence on pilot
The subject of three-dimensional high lift model testing technique Author .
is dejlt with from the Point of view of the development of a
specific full-size pfolec! Various topics arid problems are dealt with N71-20061# Aolls-Royce. Ltd. Bristol (EnglanoS) Eristol Engine
from inrtiat concept to data presenitation Author LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES AND THEIR EFFECT ON
THE ENGINE PART 1: INTIAFACE PROBLEMS BEtWiEEN
ENGINE AND AIRFRAME
N711-2,0060# Boeing CO Seallttle.s Wash J A Hooper In AGAP.D A ,sessment of Lift Augmentation
ANALYSIS Of TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH Devices Feb 1971 18 p (See N71-2005109-02)
UFT SCHEMES Avail NTIS
L B Grau-er In AGARO Asselsrsment of Lift Augmentation interlace problems b"tweet engine and airframe associated
Devices Feb 19711 23 p rGts (See N71-200o 1 09-021 with the achievement of short field performance arc described Civil
Avail NTIS and military aircraft are treated with the main emphasis on civil
The way in which thle do-tran tradeoff process affects airplane STOL A range of possible lift augmentation devic~ts is consrotered.
economics is illustrated in relation to the impact of high lift system and their effait on engine design is shown The assocxiate probliemns
dejitgn on the final confsf;uraltion selection An assessment of of noise and performance oer also considered Optimum engine
representative high. lift concepts. including boundary lalyer control, is designs and their particuiar characteristics for various systems areI
given in terms Of low-speed performance potential For long-range described Author
tragnsort airplnow operating from long runways. it is shown that
well-desligneld Mechanical flap systems are generally competintiv N71-20062# Rolls-Royce. Ltd.- Bristol (England) Bristol Engine
with more sophisticated conrIepts Involving th!,.xmng or suction Div
However, recent prcaress in high lift
boundary layer control 11LC1.0 LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES AND THEIR EFFECT ONI
technology indicates that significant p~erfoirmance 11sins for THE ENGINE. PART 2: THERMODYNAMIC PROBLEMS
long-range airplanes may be PI'fibgiC using SIC techniques The AND SOME POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
gains for airplanes designed to ops -&to from shorter fields appear E A W~hite and H C Whiie Ir AGARD Assessment of Lif
attractive and achievable with todaysa technology For STOL Augmentation Devices Feb 1971 13 P (See N7 1-20051 09-021

airplases the use of SIC to provide high wing lift together with Avail NTIS
direct lift from the engines, or a more highly interpreted form of lift The effects of the prer usly established design criterias
augmerrtation such as the let flop, is mandatory The interaction on the thermodynaics of the nigrnes for STOL applications wre
between high lilt system design and problems involving the discussed Several Possible angire solutions with their associated

stebility and control Characteristics of the airplane are considered advantages and disadvantages are described Author

(rane) iv 71-200630 Lockheed Georgia Co Pearietla

-
N71-0050 Bnegot oloy
Avatin, THE PROPULSIVE. LIFT SYSTEM FOR
Frace)
N71-0050 Begut-Aiaton.Vetzy DivOPTIMISIN43
Aerodynamnique TURBOFAN STOL AIRCRAFT CONSIDERING COST
ANALYSIS OF COMSAT AIRCRAFT APPLICATIONS FOR EFFECTIVENESS
LIFT AUGMENTATION DEVICES H T Bowling 'in AGAPD Assessment of Lift Augmentation
RI Taieaelfre In AGARD A36aeaamelnt of Lift A-igmerienttior Devices Devices Feb 1971 14 p ISee N71 20051 09 02'
Feb 1971 2 1 p (See N71-20051 09-02) Avail NTIS
Avail NTIS The results are presented of a comparison ofl three STOL
Problems associated with the design of high lift systems high lilt concepts which have buen inreniatrid with bypass-ratio
for combat aircraft are reviewed Perlormance and flying qualities turbofan engines Transport aircraft confliguratioris optimized using
lares considered Low level high speed flying r(Quilas small wing these concbpts are comcsrfed aloi-j with significant characteristics
thickness to chord ratio (about 5 to 7%). high sweep aingle (35 to of each system The purpose of this compcarison was to provide
t
46 dogs). small aspect-ratIo (3 to 4) and high wing loadings tabout )ossible insight for future studies aii lesting) None of these
400 to 600 kigper sq metor) With such a wing, it is difficult to systems were subtected to a highly detaIne analysis and do nor
provide good take-oil end landing performance for short field represenit completely optimized concepts Every effort was made to
operation while maintaining good flying Qualities at low speeds mrake the compariso-n as consistenr as possible A secondary
Effective high lift device- are needed to achieve the low stalling purpose is the discussion and demornstrationl of a study methodology
speledii required for short takeoff and landing distances and tnhei whirh was nevelopeo to iritegrail Lu~st -tviri, car:.
.;;,L, ;:mC
design must provide a satisfactory level of control in the low technical rlevelonmeni of new airplane ccrricepts this inetliodofoqv
speed flight range The review is intended to clarify the Problems is primarily applied to _military STOL ctevelcpmenl program
encountered in achieving these aim* and to indicate ways of solving Howe'er some eiample-s aire hown af considerations of Lommnercial
them Author cost effectiveness Author
02 AIRCRAFT 27

N71-200641 Office National d'Etudes of do Aicherches Flhght Mech Panel of AGARD. 8,clen-Baden. 20 23 Oct 1970
Aeroeetmteles Parts (France) tAGARD-CP-76-71) Avail NTIS HC$S OO/MFS0 96
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR JEROFOIL LEADING EDGE Detailed accident ano incident investigations flight control
STUDIES systems developments and operational performance recordings are
J Monnervsr In AGARD Aaeaemaient of fh Augmrentiatieon Devin used to optimize aircraft flight mechanical parameters Considerable
Feb 1971 5 p ref (See N7!-2005" 09-02) emphasis is placed on human factors engineering for aircraft
Avail NTIS safety requirements For individual titles see N71-23411 through
Illustrations are given from an rnvevtigaton of flow separation N7 1-23431
bubbles which develop near an airfoil lieeing edge These include
a drawing of the airfoil profile. a velocity diagram for a profile with N71-2341 1# Air Registreaton Board, London (England)
a Handley Page sitt. a plot of the similenty between the flow on A BRIEF REVIEW OF SOME SAFETY STUDIES BASED ON
two models, surface flow visualization near the leading edge. OPERATIONAL FUGHT RECORDING
boundary layer curves in the bubble region and water tunnel model J. C Chaplin In AGARO Lessons wi'ih Emphasis on Flight Mach
visualization data E C from Operating Experience. Incidents and Accidents Mar 1971
28 p refs ISee N71-23410 12-02)

N71-2QO6S# Royal Aircrah Establishnment Famborough lEnglandl Avail NTISHCS$.00/MFSO.95

In order that ndvances in aviation saety may continue
SOME COMMENTS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH LFT to be made without unnecesearily adding to cost. it is essential
WINGS to be able to study the effectiveness of current regulations to
determine whether or not they are acting in the manner expected
Devices Feb 1971 5 p refs iSee N71-20051 09-021 Methods which have been developed to abstract and examine data
Avail NTIS of safety interest are outlined The fields of operations and
Wind tunnel tests
as under
Ou as
pssibe wrenear
on to two
:rrmd
wig dimensional
si:Sin conditiorns
wrth panle~dgairw•Orlnness are both c•onsidered and the relatNe places of statstrct:al
as possible were -arried out on a wing section with plain leading data on the one hand and the more detailed study of isolated
and trailmig edge flaps having boundary layer control by blowing events are discussed Examples are -liven of some of the results
at the flap knees A range ot flap deflechons viiere tested results which have been obtained The importance of the close links which
are presented for the condition with no leading edge flap deflection have been developed with the operator is emphasized Author
and with the trailing edge flap deflection 20 deg Results suggest
that the inviscid ift is achievable with a mome:•itm coefficient
which is dependent on the angle rf incidence (or the lift). that under N71-23412# Nationsl Aerospace Lab Amsterdam (Netherlands)
these conditions a pressure distribution will be measured which is OPERATIONAL FLIGHT RECORDING AND ITS IMPACT
very similar to the inviscid predictions and that sensibly zero drag ON FLIGHT SAFETY AND AIRCRAFT DESIGN
will result Drag with high lift devices is also discussed Author T Van Ooaterom In AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight
Mfch from Operating Expatiencix incident* and Accidents Mar
1971 19 p refs (See N71-23410 ;2-02)
N471-2004M Hawker Sidieley Av~ition. Ltd. Haield (England) Avail NTIS HC S6 0O/MF $095
THE HUNTING H-126JET FLAP RESEARCH AIRCRAFT Flight operational experience and tabu!'; iuron incident and
K D Harris In AGARO Assessment of Lift Augmentation accident analyses are important sources of basic information for
Devices Feb 1971 7 p refs iSee N71 2001 09-02) improving flight safety end aircraft design These sources can be
Avid NTIS effectivcly explored by n-fliight recording of data. which define the
The let flap principle is reviewed, as well as the development flight condition, the navigational environment and the technicai
of a piloted research aircraft to test the principle Aircraft thrust functioning of the aircraft Present aircraft integrated date systems
losses. stsbility and control prOblems. and stalling characteristics IAIOS) provide an extensive data acquisition capability and allow
are dis~cussed EC
for automatic data processing The main technical features of thest"
systems and the retlevant date processing equipment are reviewed
N71-20067# Canadar. Ltd.Montreal (Quebec) from a users point of view A survey is given of present and
AERODYNAMIC RESEARCH ON HIGH LIFT SYSTEMS possible future applrcations of AIDS with emphasis on flight safety
Fotrs Mivrplphs In AGARD Assessment of Lift Augmenttit~ol and aircraft design data recording Some specific examples are
Doisv Fib rl 1971 13 p rAts (See N71-2t"f.Ll G m-Uet) discussed which illustra.e the usefulness of flight recording

Avail NTIS Author

Aspects of two dimensional flow research on high lift systems
ie discussed. A theoretical method is described for calculating two N7I-23413N T General Dynamics/FortAWorth. Tax
dimensional potential flow about multi-element high lift airfoils The PROVING THE OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF A HIGH
"method
IS
is based on the distribution of vorticilty on the airfoil PFAFORMANCE FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM
E C Livingston. Jr In AGARD Lessons wilt. Emphasis on Flight
contour A wall blowing technique is also described which was Mach from Operating Experience. Incidents end Accidents Mar
developed for testing effectively complex high lift models in the 1971 12 p N71-23410 12-02)
wind tunnel It was used to study the effect of leading edge and 1971 1pISee N71-234020
trailing edge devices on the aerodynamic characteristics of a 17% Avail NTeS HC$ pa0hMF
$0 95
and a 10% thick airfoil Finally. comparisons of calculated and Two genarsized approaches to the development end proof
experimental data obtained on some of the complex configurations of a high performance flight control system are examined The first
tested are presented to demonstriste the usefulness of the methods approach is conventional in that no more then minimal simulation 4
described Author is utilized to confirm thw system analysis and design In the
second approach. extens-ve use is made of complete clored-loop
simulation. including en accurate dynamic model of the airframe, to
confirm analysis and design Examples encourntered in the utlization
N71-2.3410# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and of :hese two approaches are provided in order to illustrate the ¶
Develyprment. PariT (Fra-nca) benefits of one aporoach over the other Experience gained from the
LESfSONS WITH EMPHASIS ON FLIGHT MECHANICS utilization of both of these approaches has shown the latter to be
FROM OPERATING EXPERIENCE, INCIDENTS AND the best The extensive use of flight simulators and an airframe
ACCIDENTS test stand assures that the system will meet requirements after
Mar 1971 301 p refs Presented at the 37th Menting of the minimal retrofit and Ilight test Author
 A

02 AIRCRAFT
28

N71-234140 Smiths Industnes. Ud.. Londokn (England) 13 a refs (See N71-23410 12-0,-1
THE OPERATIONAL PROVING OF AUTOMATIC FUGHT Avail NTISHCS600/MFSO95
CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE APPROACH AND LANDING Trials and operations of a Civil twin turboprop airliner and
PHA"E of its military counterpart have taken place over a period of needy
A H Ashforth in AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mach ten years During this time both measured data and operating
from 0p1eratin EsKPennco. Incident and Accidents Mar 1971 experience have been accumulated front movements on unprepared
1
10 p (See N71-23410 2-02) airfields In particular the investigation into two landing accidents
Aveai. NTIS HCS6OO/MF 5096 involving the ciil type has led to performance measurements on
The Hawker Siddeley Tridlent aircraft equiiped with a 'light gi•ss and haid surfaces Information is given on the following (I)
control system that covers both automatic approaches and undercarriage load measirements. (2) airframe contamination and
automatic landings is studied. The flight control i vstem Comprises superficial Damage. end 13) aeroplane performance Author
the SEP 5 autopilot which is triplex in the pitch end roll axis and
duplex in yaw. The lessons learnt dunng the flight trails and also N71-23418'# National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
es a raellof the service experience are discussed Changes made Washington. 0 C
to the onginal design as a result of this experience. applicable to AVOIDANCE OF AIRCRAFT TRAILING VORTEX HAZARDS
the approach and lending phase, are described in relation to the William A McGowan In AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on
different levels of clearance The second part of the paper covers Flight Mach hrom Operating Experience. Incidents -nd Accidents
the on-service recording and statistical poving of the automatic Mar 1971 23 p refs (See N71.23410 12-021
lendingsystem. Author (NASA TM.X-67125) Ajarl NTIS CSCI0O1C
Trailing vortices have been the cause of aircraft accidents
N71-23,416 Messerschmett-S.olkowE1ohm G m b H . Munich Results of accident investigations, theoretical exercises. wind tunnel
!West Germany) experiments and flight tests are used to describe the formation
OPERATIONAL PROVING OF AIJTOMATIC FLIGHT and severity of trailing vortices and the spatial extent of their
CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR V/STOL FIGHTER AIRCRAFT influence. including factors governing persistence This information
G Kissel and H Schniidtlein (Vereinigte FhL.,tech Werks G m b H . is then used to outline procedures for ,eady applhc:tion by pilots.
Bremen. West Germany) In AGARD Lesso•ns with Emphasis on tower operators, and those concerned with the flow of traffic
Flight Mfch from Operating Experience Inc dents and Accidents during tactical operations The procedures provide the necessary
Mar 1971 26 p refs (See N71-23410 12-02) appreciation of the physical attributes of trailing vortices, the potential
Avail NTIS HCSOOO/MFSO95 hazards involved when encounteirng them. and how best to avoid the
Four different types of automatic flight control systems dangerous portions of the wake diuring flight operations Schemes
fo0 V/STOL fighter aircraft were flight tested within the past years under investigation te monitor remotely both the trailing voriex
The VJ 101 C aircraft makes use of pure let-thrust-modulation location and intensity in the airport area and to prohibit formation
control in the thrust sustained flight regime for rolling and pitching of high rntentooly "oftices. through aircraft design are discussed
Author
and thrust vector control for yawing The VAK 191 living bedstead
uses puffpipe ibleed air) control N.th addiisonal thrust augmentation N71-23419# Mississippi •rate univ. State College Dept of
for pitching The mainr characteristics of the systems are (1) Aeruphysics and Aerospace Engineering
stability augmentation system with high authority superimposed on THE HANDLING QUALITIES PQUIRED FOR SAFE
the mechanical flight control system versus fly by wire system. (2) OPERATION OF SINGLE ENCINE BOUNDARY LAYER
integrating -:.itfol system versus proportional system. (3) pure CONTROLLED AIRURAFT IN THE STOL MODE
VIOL versus \I/STOL capabri'ty. (4) pure thrust modulation control S C Roberts In AGARD Lesson' with Emphasis on Flight Mach
versus puff-piopi control. ani (5) puH-pip" control by means of fly from Operating Experience. 1;-v2)
by wire w ith me -:hanocalbeck up W ith aillfour systems acceptable 16 p refs i~ee N71- 23410 Incidents and Accidents Mar 197 1 *'

handling qualities could he reached but it is shown that. especially Avai NTIS HCS600MFS$ 95
in caseof thrust mOdulation whero thear',ah has nonhlnear Operations of single engine, boundary layer control. STOL
honlinear for isr~ e conts'1 inputs a
charateristics, control system nircrafts since 1958 are reported The vehicles have been the high
gives higher stabiity AutnOr hit. supei cub L-2I the modified Cessna L.19. the XAZ-1. and the
XV-I I A with wing loadings ranging from 13 lb/sQ ft to 28 lb/sq
Ni 1-23416# Deputy Chief of Navae operations rOeveloornenti ft All of these aircraft had a distributed suction boundary layer
Washington. 0 C control system for inft augmentation and •2A-i arid tile XV-1 ItA
DESIGN LESSONS LEARNED FROM i'HE OV-I0A BRONCO also had shrouded oropellers for static thrust augmentation The
Hugo G Sheridan /r AGARD Lessons with Ermphasis on Flight performance stability and control. and handling qualities of these
Mech from Operating Experience. Incidents and Accidents Mar aircraft have been evaluated and considerable experience gained in
1971 13 p ISee N7 1-234 10 12.02) the operarrorial aspects of such STOL aircraft with regard to thm
Avail NTIS HCS600,'MF S 95 handling qualities required for sale operation in the STOL mode
The OV- IOA Bronco is one ol the aircraft 6esigned specificallv Authui
for low level counternnisurqency warfare The original dles•gn
requirements for the aircraft as well as the engineering changes N71-2342ON Breguct Aviation Veitzy iF,ancer
found necessary during the flight test stage are reviewed Use of ESTABLISHING SAFETY MARGINS FOR THE TAKE OFF
th#4 Bronco i, combat operations in Southeast Asia is summarized AND APPROACH OF THE BREGUET 941
including loss asd damage rate As a result of these combat JESTABLISSEMENT DES MARGES DE SECURITE AU
operations, conclusions are draw, as to the validity of the original DECOLLAGE ET A L'ATTERRISSAGE POUR LE BREGUET
requirements for the OV. 10A Design requirements desirable for the 9411
next counterinsurgency sircrah in light of the experience in South- J Basildon in AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mach
Author from Operatinq Experience Incidents and Accidents Mar 1971
east Asia are iecommended
9 p (See N7 I 23410 12 02)
N71-2I141'7# Hawker Siddeley Aviiton Ltd Wood'ord (Englandl Avait NTIS Hf $6E 00 MF SO 95
OF TWIN The safely ,.ir,•, bC co
ba. CCc- 3'e oi trhe Twn following
LESSONS FROM OPERATION AND TRIALS
lypes (1) speed margins itakeoff and approach speed). and (21
TURBO PROP AIRCRAFT ON ROUGH AIRFIELDS
M J Taylor I-, AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mech field length margins These two margins are examined and discussed
co siderinq the BR 941 Oeterminat'on of ihesE margins is based
from Operating Experience Incidents and Accidents Mar 197 t
 iI02 AIRCRAFT 29

on theoretical considerations, nlight measurements and Operational ý.'ýnfcudsd that well designed autopilot systems may provide mote
teat resuilts Allowance is also made for discussions determining trijactive control in severe turbulence encounters than the tumansn
apecial conditions for civil airworthiness of this airplanes Au~hor o..'3t. but triat Suppression of primary structural modes and the u36
head-up displays are still desirable to alleviate the pilot' s
1117124M`110 Naval Air Systems Command. Washington. D.C. r, liculties Author
LOW ALTITUDIE HIGH SPEED FLIGHT EXPERIII9JC!
Ralph C A*Harish in AGARD Lessaon% with Emphasis on Flight PAII-2 3 425# Boeing Co . Seattle. Wash C~onimorcial Airplane
Mach hornr Operating Experience. Incidents and Accidenta Mar. ~ u
1971 13 p refs (See N 71 -23410 12-02) APPROACH PATH CONTROL FOR REDUCED N~OISE AND
Avail NTISI4CSOOOIMFSOO6 I*RPROVED TRAFFIC CAPACITYI
Ant oerteinv fight teat evaluAtion of the operasioisel capebilities (. R. Clifford In AGARD Lessons with Emphasis and Flight ljllch
Of 000ttrnporary military aircraft in performing low altitude mosions -oin Operating Experience Incidents, and Accidents Mar 11971
is reported The particular test phase being reviewed, namely the 22 p refs (See N71 .23416 12-02)
visual target acquisition test, involved 8 aircraft and 200 pilots Avail NTIS H'S6.0O/ MFSO 96
making mnore than 450 low altituJe sorties. Assigned penetration Final approach control for transport aircraft consists primarily
speed* ranged Irom 17510o 560 Knots Two altitude corridors were in aerodyniamic performance during cruise The specific objectives
assigned minimum sale altitude to 400 feet and 500 to 900 feet defined for the Boeing 727 and 737 in this respect. and the
above tha terrain Author boundary layer control research with the 707 prototype, are outlined.
together with results achieved Steep angle. decelerating, and
cuiving ap.'roaches have bean considered tingly and in combination
N71-342# EoieNaronae
Speriurede eicr'.itiue.A simple speed control for decelerating approach on the normal
*Toulouse lFrance) glidepath ingle is under development for the 747 and research
INFLUENCE OF SIMPLE AERODYNAMIC MODIFICATIONS ctlivities incIlude extending the capab~lity ef high quality area
* ONTHE
ERFRMANE O AN IRCRFT NFLUNCEnavigation equipment to control of flightpeth. speed arid Configuration
ON TE PRFORANC
OF N ARCRAT JNFLUNCEon final approach so as to minimize noise Oexcribed are the
DE CMODIICTIOENS ' AERODNAIUE SMLSSU operational characteristics of the airborne system for terminal
LE COPORTEENT
'UN IONloath guidance on reduced noise trajectories. including the system
J E Forestrer In AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mach configuration, functions sif key elements, redundancy requjiremfents.
*from Operating Experience Incidents and Accidents Mar 11971 control law aspects. and cockpit displays Author
12 p (See N71 23410 12-021
Avail NTISHCSOOO/MFS095
* Described are modifications made on prototype Vautour eircrafts
* du-irg the-r development ohase Principle difficulties encountered N711-23426# National Aeronautics end Space Council.
were lateral -,ontrol and beyond Mach 093 longitudinal control Washington D C
chaiacteristics Adjust menis of the turbulence generator positions on A REVIEW OF Vi STOL AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS IN 'HE US
the outer airfoils lust before the wing tip. and modifications in the John H Enders and William E Thurman AGARD Lessons with
chamber of the wing leading edge provided the cresrfed performance Emphasis on Flight Medh trom Operating Eirpor-errce, !ncicients andI

I
2 2
improvements Tfansl by G GS Accident. Mar 1971 14 p refs (See N7 1-23410 1 -0 ,
V/STOL research and development aircraft accidents have
11-23423if Natic~ial Aero- and Astronautical Research Inst . occurred for the same major reasons and over the same op.erational
Amsterdam lNerheriandsl phase spectrum as have accidents to conventional aircraft Exctudirng
MAN/MACHINE COMBINATION IN THE LIGHT OF SAFETY hoverf end transition phases ftrom the operational phases, a pattern
REQUIREMENTS clf accident distribution of V/STOL aircraft 1s similar to that for
F W L JHrckrrrthMolke. ad CM Rmse Inconventional aircraft -about 55-60% during landing. About 20%
AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mech from Operating in cruise, and about 20% during takeoff The pattern of accidents
Experience. Incidents and Accidents Mar 1971 10 p rafs (See suggests no clearly dominant remedial action to reduce these
N71 23410 12-021 accidents Across-the-board. but increased attention in each of the
r ~~Avail NTIS 14C3500. MISOirf, Lause lrIcsr areas Ai!! Gdfcc -r'
an-.oem Neariy every accident
A descriplio- ., riven of a lews limiting factors in man investigation prompted Changes In either design. methods of
and their bvfirng upe aircraft design Exampcles are given of operation. management stfuctuir,. pilot training methods, or
limitations in ettentio- , perceptron, learning, memory and intelligence, maintenance procedures Author
and decision makir- Present design deficiencies are considered in
the light of crew training and procedures it is stressed that from
Lno Egad
the earliest conception of a Jesign (rose cooperation between N71-23427# Ministry of Defence, odnlrgad
designers. safely orCganisations and prospective operators is of vitar V/STOL IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE: SOME LESSONS
importance to assure safety in aerospace Cperations Author FROM THE FIRST 18 MONTHS
R GSLofting In AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mach
from Operating Experience. Incidents, and Accidents Mar 1971
N7l.23424ii National Aeronautical Establishment. Ottawa 4 p iSee N71 23410 12-021
l~nianro) Avail NTIS HCSO 00;MF SO95
REVIEW OF SEVERAL FACTORS RELEVANT TO JET Some 18 months of V.'SIOL operations with the Harrier
UPSETS ground attack end reconnaissance aircraft have been completed
8 Caiger /h3 AGARO Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mach and Ihe arrcraftt, 'light safety 'ecord during this period is discussed
from Operating Experience. Incidents end Accidents Moir 1071 The record has bean encouragingly good. taking into consideration
11 p refs ISee N71 23410 12 021 the novel problems of V/STOL operation and field covered bry 1Ira
IAvail NitL6r fKO5CornplCet Harrier flight safley record is not a large one Selected
Various contributory factors to let upsets are reviewed covering are the rollowing four topics from the Harrier flight safety record
instrument or contror system failures and severe turbulence wh-ch lire reasonable crose to flight ,nechaenics Il) stability and
encounters Related prnblemrs of pilot disorientation aer discussed controrl 12) exhaust gas re~ingestron 131ejection facilities and 141
Tie need for derailed analyses of upsets is emphasized It is control system Author
30 02 AIRCRAFT

N071-23424# Moeseirschmitt-Botlkow G.m b.H. 7funich (West due to gusts and 1 per year due to icing and other weather
Germaily) hazards The only type of weather accident which has increased in
V/JYOLACCIOENT$ OR INCIDENTS frequency in recent years is that of approach and landing in poor
0 Ritherr In AGARD Lesions with Emphasis on Flight Mech visibility Author
from Operating Experience. Incidents and Accidents Mar 1971
10 p (See N71-23410 12-02)
Avail. NTIS HC $6 00/MF $0.95 N71-21O080 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Perfor.nnce tests on two models of the VJ 101 VTOL Development. Paris (France).
high performance aircraft are reported and observed accidents EXTREME VALUE ANALYSIS AND ITS APPUCATION TO
connected with flight mechanical aspects are analyzed Four out of c. S. VERTICAL ACCELERATION* MEASUREO ON
the five accidents reporled hod somethinp to do with hot TRANSPORT AIRPLANES OF TYPe C-1130
gase and recirculation. A great deal of the ecirculation proolams Onto Sumbeum (Lab. fuer Setrisbefeotigkeit) Mar 1971 31 p
experiencld were directly connected to -,e triangular errer.gement refs Presented at 31st Meeting of the Panel on Environm Statist.
of the aircraft's 8 engines. G G. Date of AGARD. Tonaberg, Norway. 1-6 Nov. 1970
(AGARD.R-579-71) Avail NTIS
N71-23429# Sud-Aviation, Toulouse (France) The interpretation of cumulative Itequency distrilutions of
ALL WEATHER SUD/LEAR LANDING SYSTEM INSTALLED measured flight loads can be increased signifcanly by an additional
ON THE CARAVELLE [SYSTEME D'Al'TERRISSAOE TOUS extreme value analysis. This method not only leads to a higher
TE.VIPS SUD/LEAR INSTALLE SUR CAR -VELLEJ reliability in fatigue design but may be used also for a prediction
G Payeur In AGARD Lessons with Emphcsiss on Flight Mech of extreme loading conditions and for a description of the effect
from Operating Experience. Incidents and Accidents Mar 1971 of airplane and flight parameters on loods, as is demonstrated fnr
10 p (See N71-23410 12-02) c.g vertical accelerations and gust velocities measured on airplanes
Avail: NTIS MC$S.O0/MF$O 95 of type C-130. Author
Experience with the all weather SUD/LEAR landing system
confirms its reliability in phase 3o automatic approach and landing N72-11916# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
requirements Thu system encorporates a flash warning signal on Development. Paris (France)
the panel in front of the flight captain that combines all essential HELICOPTER GUIDANCE AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
wamrings relating to aircraft flight ccntrol andintegrates in particular Sap 1971 261 p refs Partly in ENGLISH and partly in
the following warnings. (1) HZ-4 and MR-4 indicator flags. (2) FRENCH Presented at the 12th Meeting of the Guidance arid
beam error detector warnings. (3) autopilot warnings. and (4) Control Panel of AGARD. Konstanz. West Germany. 7-R Jun
ahituue error warnings transmitted by the radio altimeter AF-and 1971
servo-mochanism unit. The fact that the warnings are combined in (AGARD-CP-86-71) Avail NTIS
a singes flash enables the flight captain to continue outs:de !he Papers on military helicopter technology ars preeinted The
aircraft and yet perceive within his immediate field of vision a topics covered include helicoptei reQuiremo*s. system op•ieston
possible malfuncdon flysh signwlt he cin make dielrioff vion to and integration. subsystems. advanced developments, and test
posile maunctionu tshi e approach
ordto cnitiote(d~own to results and operational experience For individual titles, see
60 ft) tO continue the approach or tO initiate go-a:ound N72-11916 through N72-11939
Transl by G G

N71-2234310# Army Aviation Systems Comment'. ;t Louis. Mo

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN NAP OF THE EARTH N72-1191R# Defense Dept. Washington. DC
FLYING AND THEIR EFFECT ON AIRCRAFT DESIGN UNITED STATES ARMY HELICOPTER EXPERIENCES AND
MISSION PERFORMANCE FUTURE REQUIREMENTS
Conrad L Stansberry In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and
Lawrence R. Dewey. Jr In AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Control Systems Sap 1971 6 p (See N72.11915 03-02)
Flight Mach Irom OpDeratin Experience. Incidents and Accidents Avail NTIS
Mar 1971 5 p rets (See N71-23410 12-02) The U S Army has found the helicopter to be an extremely
Avail NTISHC$9.0O/MF$095 versatile vehicle in performing all functions of combat It has
Reviewed are some of the design problems that are been integrated into organizations throughout the Army force
accen.uated by tectiCtl halicopter maneuvering close to ground structure The concepts of airmoblhty have been validated during
Considered are aerodynamic coupling effects that cause the aircraft combat operations in a counterinsurgency environment in Vietnam
to roll durini climb with sudden forward pitching for a gun run At this time. the U S Army is in a period of trans-lin requiring
on target. and dynamic structural aircraft vibrations during low level an assessment of the applicability of the airmobile concept in th*.
high speed terrain avoidance maneuvers Proposed safety measures niid and high intensity warfare environment To improve the
include an automatic inlormation end warnin') system for il-a pilot esslting
tfpes of coability.
units withnew helicopters and evaluation* of different
organic airmobie elements to optimize the
end safety margins that roalistically encomf ass f..,lgis dynamics effectiveness of our combat undi must be developed It is
inherent in close to q:ound operations. GG expected that the concepts of airmobility warfare brought to
fruition wilt, the advent of the helicopter and applied so
N71-234310 Ministry of fechnology. London (England) successfully in Vietnam can be applied with equal success on
WEATHER AS A FACTOR IN FATAL ACCIDENTS other battlefields in other areas in the future Author
INVOLVING CIVIL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
J Burnham In AGARD Lessons with Emphasis on Flight Mech
from Operating Experience, Incidents And Accidents Mar 1971 N'2-11917N Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm (b' nb.H.. Ottob-
21 p refs (See N71-23410 12-02) rurnn (West Germany)
Avail NTISHCS80O/MFSO95 OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL
An analysis is given of the imnDortance of weather in fatal CONCEPTS FOR LIGHT HELiCOPTERS WITH ALL
accidents involving civil transport category aircraft during the WEATHER CAPABILITY
p.,eriod 1940 89 Out of s!Otala of 1.433 li-cdiint• involving 2S 801 H Koenig And H Schmitt In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and
9Control Sy;tc-r- Sop 1971 13 p refs (See N472-11916
fttalities, weather is known t( have been a factor in 318 accidents 03-02)
invo!ving 6 778 fatalities. and may have been involved in others Avail NTI$
The average of 13 accidents per year in which weathoi was All-weather equipment of minimum complexity for light
involved comprise about 10 per year in poor visibility. 2 per year helicopters is presented The criteria 'or its selection include
02 AIRCRAFT 31

mission performance requirements as well as consideration of SPEED CONTROL TO LANDING ON INSTRUMENT IN

weight, complaexity and cost. The special features of a helicopter HELICOPTERS
with hnmgleas rotor era discussed The flight control system Charles A Scoiatti In AGARD He"icopter Guidance end Control
being developed is athwn by a step-by-step process up to an Systems Sep 1971 16 p refs fSee N72-11915 03-021
ootimafl equipment for civilian and military appl•ation in AvailNTIS
aIIIweather tight This repon presents the validation of flight A functional flight control-display system -s desccnbed which
control systems of SAS and ASE performance level Successful provides the small and medium sized helicopter a manual-on-
flight tests of the Ferranti fAS2 and the BSW-FRG 14 Right instrument capability from take-off to lending The display
control equipment have been conducted on the helicopter solution is based upon extending the capability of the Right
MBS-SO 105 Good agreement has been found between director as it is employed today in heitcopters for flying fixed
theoretical and simulation studies. The systems can be used to: wing type profiles to encompass the unique portion of the low
:nsny important miltari'v purDoses Author speed regime. With respect to automatics, pilot workload has
been reduced and control maneuverability enhanced by introducing
innovations to the design of stability augmentation systems in
N72-11918# Service Technique Aeronautuque. Paris (France) the yaw and collective channels The flight contrr'l.drsplay
FLIGHT SAFETY WITH AUTOMATIC CONTROL: REOIJIRE- system was developed using beam guidance in anticipation of
MENTS AND IMPLEMENTATION ILA SECURITE DU VOL the upcoming guidance system proposed by the SC- 1 '7
EN PILOTAGE AUTOMATIQUE EXIGENCES ET REALISAT- Committee Testing af the system elements is complete Evsluation
IONSI of the synthesized system will be completed by the end of the
A Guibau~d and L; Autecheui In AGARD Helicopter Guidance year Work is beginning on having user command personnel test
and Control Systems Sep 1971 6 p In FRENCH (See the system in its applied form on two UH-tN helicopters at the
N72-1 11915 03-02) USAF Instrument Pilot Instructors School Author
Avail NTIS
The breakdown of automatic pilots or atriliary stabilization
systems rnay have grave consequences foi helicopter flight, since N72-11921W Ambar" Industries. Inc. Garden Ctv. NY Arms
these aircraft often operate at low attitudes. Safety requirements ON
constitute one part of a theoretical study of breakdowns. AN OPTIMUM MILITARY rIELCIOPTER NAVIGATION
requirement implementation and testing were also studied A SYSTEM
probability analysis of simple and double breakdowns was Marvin Taylor In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Control
t.ndeilaken In the case of active breakdo.,n of the automatic Systems St-p 1971 11 p refs (See N72-11915 03-02)
plot. it is necessary to limit the rapid evolution of the apparatus Avail NTIS
and thus to increase the time allowed to the pilot to react and A low-cost, all-weaTher se.f-contained navigation system
resume manual flight control Survet!lance devices are necessary was studied in order to fully exploit the many military capabilities
on the automatic nilot in order to detect active breakdown and of helicopters Inertial. Doppler-Magnetic. and Doppler-
to rapidly suppress the erroneous command Such comp~atibility Cy:oscpij• N3v:gatvon sir-!ems are an-lyzd to iluiermine
and thereshold devices are available on the Puma and Alouatte parametric requirements (such as gyro drift, toique scaling, and
3 aircraft F-nelly. surveillance of the flight control ciram. from computer requirements) as a function of navigation accuracy A
detectors to servo-command. can be done internal organization study of these alzernate candidate systems indicates an optimum
of the automatic pilot. extending the possibilities for surveillance approach is the combination of Doppler velocity with an accurate
devices without increasing cost. Transl by K P D heading indicator utilizing low drift gyroscopes that can rapidly
gyro-compass to true North during ground alignment For
subsonic application lesa precise Wyro drift is required with this
N72-11919# Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough approach than for an equivalent all-mnenial system The various
fEngland) system configurations are functionally defined and cost vs
THE IMPLICATIONS OF OPERATING HELICOPTERS IN performance analysis using typical parameters is performed for
POOR VISIBILITY tho alternate candidate systems Author
J E Nethaway In AGARD Helicopter Gu dance and Control
Systems Sep 1971 20p refs (See N72-1191503-02)
Avail NTIS N72-11922# Bodenseewerk Gersetetechnik G m b H . Ueberln
A method of weather minima calculation is proposed for gen (West Germany)
small woteOand :: extended to allow an ,htimate to be made of SOME PROSLEMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN
the instrument or automatic approach pertcrmance raquirements AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR LIGHT
ifthe weather minima are to be achieved As an example of the HELICOPTERS
estimation technique an assumption is made of A 6 deg W Wellemn In AGARD Helic)oter Guidance and Control
approach path coupled willa 60 kn (111 km!hl approach speed Systems Sep 1971 15 p refs -See N72-I 1915 03-02)
and it is suggested t;iet 120 ft; 700 yd (36m/640m) weather Avail NTIS
minima should be attainable The equipment requirements Some of the problems and their solution are discisled
necessary to achieve the weather minima are considered and arising in the development of an autcmatic flight control system
possib e developments for the future are discussed The future for light helicopters The control system is the FRG 14./Stab The
developments could include improved displays based on cathode cross coupling between the axes makes it essential to regard the
ray jbbvs. and also various levels of automatic flight path helicopter control Is multldoop control and to take accou:rt of all
contro A radio/redat guidance aid is required and the overlap six degrees of freedom of the vehicle These investigations were
between it and the visual guidance system is discussed The done with the aid of a program drawn up recently for ant vsi
approach and landing system described implies a weight penalty, applied frst to a light helicopter which is edit-rped with a
the extent of which depends on the -,everity of the weather to hingeless rotor (00 105) This type of raotr shcws very high
be overcome With thisin mind a tentative estimate ismade of control effectiveness afid very fast reactions to control inputs
the equipment weight which may be necessary to achieve Thus it seems to be necessary to include the nonlinearties of
various weathur minima Finally, a study has been made of the actueturs and hydiaulic booster in the investigation and to
statistical occurrence of low visibility in the UK from which it perform a simulation on the analog computer Here the problem
has been deduced that. for the approach conditions assumeda.a Mi Irtrit cvrI41 due to backlash arises The himt cycles are
helicopter Should be able to complete approaches to land on reauce' b,•-'_,. ,0se,-.i
r nonliiesi ntwnrkii Si that they, are
about 98% of occasions in the year Author no longer perceived by DaSSergers Development of the FRG 14
System was continued by hardware simulation and concluded
with good results in flight tests Author
N72-11920# Air Force Systems Command. Wright-Patterson
AFS. Ohio Air Force Flight Dynamics I -h
PROGRESS OF THE t;,A. '--ULIGHT PROGRAM LOW N72-11923# Siemens A G . Munich (West Germany)
DIFFERENCES AND COMMONALITIES IN HELICOPTER

Joni.
32 02 AIRCRAFT

AND FIXED' WING DOPPLER SENSOR TECHNOLOGY by i constant longitudinal deceleration of 8 knots/seconds and
K Mera in AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Control Systems a constant rate of descent of 300 feet/ minute until a groundspeed
Sep 1971 5 p refs (See N72-11915 03-02) of 40 knots is reached. At this point the rare of descent is
Avail. NTIS reduced to 100 feetJminute The hove* coupler provides altitude
The poesibilities and limitaltionls of rotary and fixed wing retention within qr-or - 3 feet end zLro knot ýroundapeed within
compatible Doppler sensor designs are discussed Measurement + or - 1.5 knots of the Doppler radar measured velocity A
of velocities near zero at often relatively high values for the drift hover trim control 5 also provided to permit e limited repositioning
angl~eis a requirement for hehcoptrs only For fixed wing of the aircraft by the pilot/copilot/ crewman during the rescue
aircraft on the other hend operation at high altitudes at high operation The couplers satisfactorily completed environmentel
spoees influence antenna and transmitter design The lower qualification tests at Sikorsky Aircraft Company. Stratford.
mean speeds in helicopters put more woignt on these Connecticut. and ,.._rationa, test and evaluation by the Military
measurement errors. which are constant relatNe to velocity. Airlift Command. Eghin Air Force Base. Floids Author
where"a in fixed wing aircraft in moIst cases measurement errors
dominate which are propoflional to velocity. In helicopters and AC
VTOL aircraft fixed antenna installation s generally preferred. N72-11927 Army Electronics Command. Fir Monmouth. N J.
Whertas the use of noncoherent pulse systems is limited to TERRAIN AVOIDANCE RADAR FOR US ARMY
fixed wing aircraft, continuous wave and FM Doppler sensors are Olto H. Schoenberger In AGARt Helicopter Guidance and

N72-11t24* Teledyne Sysltems Co. Norihridga. Calif Avail NTIS

The objectives and the conduct of the U S Army's
AN INTEGRATED LOW ALTITUDE FLIGHT CONTROL development program are reported for providing a terrsin
SYSTEM FOR HELICOPTERS avoidance/terrain following capability for Army rotary-wino
James P Murphy. Herman L Walker. and Lawrqnce A Kaufman aircraft The over-all program goals are described Control
In AGARO Helicopter Guidance and Control Systems Sep. aspects of helicopters were considered in light of TA/ITF
1971 20 p rafs (See N72-11915 03-02) requirements with an immediate realization of their importance
Avail. NTIS in any TA/TF application As such. the control system was
After a brier introduction that highlights the need for the developed first, including terrain following command computhion
system and some design philosophies, the basic concepts foe low and coupling provision to the flight control system A unique
altitude flight are presented indicating the modes of flight method of in-flight simulation of terrain and radst sensor was
employed by IHAS. terrain following .TF). and terrain avoidance conceived This airborne terrain and radar simulator allows full
fTA) This is followed by a dissertation on the functional in-flight evaluation of the control system, and offers unlimfited
appreach used to provide the relativell high degree of TF flexibility as to the type of terrain over which the system is to be
capability required Block diagrams are utilized to identify the tested without subjecting the ..z-z'aft and crew to the hazards of
syslem sensors, central computer and output devices. i.e testing a control system in clese proximity to terrain A variable
displays and flight controls Prior to a discussion of the equations parameter terrain avoidance indar is described to replace the
solved b;, the cerntral dgital computer the equioment terrean end rider simulator after initial evaluation of the control
mechanization is briefly described tu familiarize the reader with system The primary objective for this radar w•,s to provile a
the IHAS equipments A commentary is presented on the setup terrain senorjr wr;h technical flexibility sufficient to allow TA/TF
end results of a simulation of the automatic TF syitem and is pelr'ti:anLiin evaluation over Lie complete performance bpectrum.
followed by a description and limited listing of rasulkIT of the ranrng fhn simple fixed beam manual terrain following to
IHAS flight test program It is shown that the high degree of TF sophitliceted simultaneous terrain following and terrain avoidance.
capability provided agreed very well with the results predihteo by using transverse profile type display and coupling into the flight
analysis and simulatiot,. Finally. some concluding remarks ars control system Technical details of the radar design are grveyi.
provided to identify the significant accomplishments of the 1HAS including selection of the parlmeters Author
low attitudle control system development Author
N72-11928# Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough
N72.1 1926# Singer-Keerfnrt. Pleasantville. N Y (E'ngland)
OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND APPLICATIONS THE iFFECTS OF SEMIRIGID ROTORS OF HELICOPTER
OF THE TALARIR) 4 LANDING AID TO HELICOPTERS AUTOSTASIUSER DESIGN
H S. Johnson In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Control
R. Hohol and J. Taylor In AGARS Helicopter Guidance and Systems Sep 1971 13 p refs (Soo N72-1191t 03-021
Control Systems Sop 1971 13 p ref (See N72-11915 Avail NTIS
03-02) Theoretical studies carried out into ini basic problems
Avail NTIS posed by "semi-rigid' rotor designs are descri.ed. and the
The requirements of helicopter operations are discussed for directions in which automatic stabiszers for these aircraft are
using the Talir 4 system, currently in operational use by the likely to develop are indicated Two problems in particular were
United States Air Force to provide a portable landing aid for examined, viz the pitching instability with angle of attack and
fixed wing tactical transport aircraft The Tilar 4 ground station forward speed. and the interaction between aircraft of motion
characteristics are presented with helicopter flight test evaluations and those of the rotor dynamics. The letter problem is concerned
in Europe It is concluded that the Tlelr 4 system is capable of with the rolling motion termed the 'pendulum' mode resulting
meeting tactical helicopter operational requirements. F.O.S primirily from the increased coupling between fuselege and
rotor It cl shown that a potential resonance between the
pendulum mode and the rn-plans blade motion exists
Means of
N72-119261 Aeronautical Systems Div. Wright-Patterson AFS. avoiding this by suitable design of the autostabilizer are
Ohio suggested Author
AUTOMATIC APPROACH AND HOVER COUPLER FOR
HN.53 HELICOPTERS
Robert A Andes In AGARV H6ehi.opter Guidance and Control N72-11929# Societe Nationale Industrielie Aerospatrale. Paris
Systems Sep 1971 7 p refa (See N72 11915 03-02) (France)
Avail NTIS AN AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR HELICOP-
The Automatic App'.ach and Hover Coupler which prc'vides TERS ISYSTEME DE NAVIGATION AUTONOME POLVio
the HH-53 tescue helicopter wit,. ine capability to autul,.etically HELICOPTERESI
transition from forward flight, anywhere within the HV.b3 flight M Fourcade In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Control
envelope. to a hover over flat or fO~h."g cerrain. independent of St-tems Sep 1971 8 p In FRENCH (Soe N72.11915
gross weight and center of gravity is d:scussed rhe approach 03.02)
coupler design is based or, an epprosci trojecrjry characterized Avail NTIS
02 AIRCRAFT 33

An autonofrousraivigation system which was developed for

the SA-330 helicopw:er is deecnbed A discussion of the HEUCOPTER IFR FLIGHT PATH CONTROL SYSTEM
components, functions. and essential characteristics of the Theodor A. Dukes in AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Control
system is presented Flight telst methods are considered for Systems Sep 1971 10 p refs (See N72-11916 03-02)
uilta'ltion in performsr-e determination. Transl. oy K PD. (Contract DA-28-043-AMC-024121E))
Avail- NTIS
Various &p*act$ of piloted flight path control, including
N72-11930 Ellhott Flight Automation. Lid, Rocher(England) positioning, are discussed eccoirlng to their significance in
Fhl Ight ltotrots
DLn making decisions about the structure of the control aystem. The
SOME DESIGN ASPECTS OF THE STABILITY AUGMENIA- rranlational loop requirements, the choice of a nominal error
TION SYSTEM FOR THE WG13 RIGID ROTOR HELICGp- coordinate lystem. and a discussion of the pilot's role. lead to a
TER control system in which errors end error rates ere displayed

D. Sweating In AGARO Helicopter Guidance and Control esplicitly and the pilot uses esauentialli acceleration contro; in his
Systems
AvSit NTISSep) 1971 12 p (Sea N72-11916 03-02) main effer.t to control
An inte1r1ted display error ratorallor the
velocities in three dimensions
contains inlormation reeded for the

Some features of the AFCS designed for the Anglo-French continuous loop closures The proposed system is applicable to
WG13 i-gid rotor helicopter are described and in pariicullr those trajectory control in general so the! considerable commonality in
arsing from the concept of a modular multt-role helicopter, flying various tasks cill be achieved. Author
designed both for high speed maneuverable flight at low
altitudes and for operation in tightly controlled autopilot modes.
A brief description of the system configuration including N72-11934# Army Electionics Command. Fort Monmcuth. N.J
redundancy, safety features, sensors, and actuation system is Avionics Lal.
given together with an indication of sys'am size and weight. alid PRECISE IFR HOVERING: AN OPERATIONAL NEED AND
electronics technology errployed The desigiý requirements for A FEASIBIE SOLUTION
the pitch stability augmentation system (SAS) are examined in William P. Keane and R Joseph Miletli In AGARD Helicopter
relation to the contlicting requirenrents for low SAS authority for Guidance and Control Systems Sep. 1971 9 ;, (See
safety egainst the high control gains combined with large N72-1f915 03-02)
attitude changes required for stability and maneuverability The Avail NTIS
concept of a collective autostabilizer independent of the pitch A man-machine simulation program was conducted which
SAS is introduced which al!eviates these design problems of the indicates the feasibility of developing an IFA hover capability
pirch channol and reiduces considerably the effect, of a pitch with state-of-the-art sensors, controls and displays ODiplay
runaway The design of the roll SAS channel is similarly alternatives included a simple hover indicator. a flight director
influenced by the requirement for stability at high angles of bank and a fully integrated multi-colored CRT display Control
during ma'.euvers while using the minimum of contrnl authority, alternatives to, the Cl--54 aircraft included the CH-54 ASE and
a type of roll rate demand system designed to operate over a two alternate systems emp;oying load cable information feedback
ra.go of bank zng! is dasrribed together with the conlrol
aide and velocity feedback IFR hovar was shown to be a reawonable
system developed for the yaw axis Author task horn a ivit woirkoad ttandpoint Displays and controls IQ
couple strongly in finding the best solution A wide range of
performance was achieved with the best systems providing a
N72-11931# United Aircraft Corp. Stratford. Conn Avionics, hover accuracy of 1.2 feet Ail tests were performed under
Control and Support Systems Branch simulated gust condilions. A format analysis of valiance was
A FEASIBLE FEEL AUGMENTATION SYSTEM FOR performed on the data These results indicate the feasibility of
HELICOPTERS accomplishing more precise construction and logistical tasks by
Herold S. Oakes In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Control the helicopter in the near future through the use of instrument
Systems Sep 1971 7 p (See N72-11915 03-02) hover The unlkading of containerized ships by the helicopter is a
Avai NTIS possible Appli--ation with both commercial and military
A description and evaluation are given of the feel advantage. Author
augmentation system iFAS) The FAS differs from most traditional
automatic flight control systems in that. instead of augmenting
the pilot's input to the control system by providing swash plate N72-1 1935# Bodenseewerk Geraetetechnik Gm b H. Ueberlin-
motion to stabilize the helicopter, it introduces only forces on the gen (West Germany)
pilot's hand If the pilot resists these forces, he then experiences ADVANCED DOPPLER INEATIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM
the feal desired for contlmu,,iU the rianfeuver hr hat vtanted !1 he FOR "RANSPORT HELICOPTER
does not resist the force, the stick will move and stabilize the V Krngmann In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Cirstrol
aircraftl so that it will stay in steady Slits trimmed flight An Systems Sep 1971 14 p refs ISee N72-11915 03.02)
extensive flight evaluation of the system in a CH-53A indicated a Avail N715
significant improvement in the handling qualities of the helicopter Conventional ground and in-air gyrocompassing techniques
at high speeds, and that the aircraft could be maneuvered together with Ooppler-inertial nevngation are treated briefly Main
precisely at all airspeeds, permitting the pilot to use the entire attention is paid to optimel ground and in-air alignment and
V-N envelope DL D
Ooppler-inertial-mixing As for as the optimization is concerned.
Kalman lilter technilue with a ten to fourteen element staIe
vector is compared tO a simple digital filter-technique based on
recursive or non-recursive least squares Comparivsn between
N72-1 1932# Societe Francaise drEquipments pout Is Navigation the leastl-square-technique and the Kalman-filter shows that their
Aerienne. Neuilly-Sur-Siene (France) Dept Pilotage Helicopters respective performance is roughly in the same order of magnitude
STABILITY AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS (SASi ILES without position fixes The least- square-techrique is recommended
SYSTEMES D'AUGMENTATION DE STASILITE (SAE-)i because its airborne computer requirements are by far lower
Herrot In AGARD Helicopter Guidance and Conzrol S'istams then ihe Kalman-filter loading This technique, as well as the
Sep 1971 5 p In rRENCH iSee N72-11915 03-021 Kalman-filter has the ability to t cover the position error ce.used
Avail NTIS by initial misalignment and the performance does not depend on
A simple system for increasing helicopter stability is the magnitude of the initial misalignment The proposed system
discussed. The components of the calculator and jack are is based on the leastsquare techniue Assuming a 2 - 3
described Tr.an.! by K P D mrinutos gro.-:nd aiignmenr thh 1)pornvional[ sequience for in-er
alignment and Doppler Inertial Navigation is described The
computer loading for both the ground and in-air alignment ot this
N72-119339 Princeton Univ. NJ Dept of Aerospace and system is onsidered Author
Mechenical Sciences ,.
 :72-1936 MulardReserch02 AIRCRAFT

N211911 ulrReerhLabs. Redhill (England) Sep 1971 6 p In FRENCH (See N72-1 1915 03-02)
Avail NTIS
DESIGNr AND EVALUATION OF A HELICOPTER GJIDANCE c21 Approach and landing under bad visibility conditions was
AID object of numerous tests for more than ten years The
R N lcok. Atar. an R
J.Robnsi. Vicen Inthe
HAlicoDAter.
p Sudacand Contirilandem:P Se 97
inetperformance and safety of systems was evaluated with an eye to
N
RD
4GAp(Selpe r Guidance5an0Cnro Sse02)e17 their certificr'tron A five-year study on the utilr-ation of a
AvailNTISradicoelectfronic rectilinear array for helicopter guidance is
A description of the irricrowave aircraft digital guidance dsusdtn)b
equipment IMADGE1 system is divan The system is designed as

particularity suited for mlitary tactical applications and for use by

helicupters A Typical MADGE ground installat~on comprises
angle measuring N72-16968# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
three man pirlabla units (1) an azimuth approach Development. Paris (Franca)
unit incorporating a transponder and means for encoding azimuth CRITERIA IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN
aneleaton.or h~esloe.OPTIMALITY
andeleatin (2 masuemnts
nvlDc17 16pef
Angle measuring unit, and t3 an azimuth missed-approach angleWPrgrlow
(AGARD-R-589-71) Avail NTIS
measuring unit in the aircraft there is a control panel. on which
the approach data may be set by the pilot, and a transmitter- The derivation of optimality conditions from axtremumn
receiveir, with circuits for distance measurement and for decoding principles of structural thaory is reviewed, with special emphasis
the angle information In civil ,oplications the approach path can on conditions for global optimality. Following a brif inp~oduction.
be pre-set for individual aircraft types One or two monopole the eptimal design of sandwich strucures is discussed for a
aerials, depending on aircraft aerial siting and observation single behavioral constraint and for multiple constraints Structural
0 LG elements with solid sections are dealt with in a separate section
problems. are used to give wide angle coverage in addition, a three)-dimensional Problem is investigated that
Includes many problems of optimal structural design as special
!Ineywll.Inc inncases
11112-11937 innapols. A final section presents the oraviously considered optimislily
FLIGHT3T
7
oEST lt InF Minapls MYRFUDCTREAISnn NI criteria in a unified way that frequently suggests the form of
ME optimality conditions in new situations Ato
FLIG HTESIOTEO R YRFUDC HE-XSO
R A Evans and G WVFosdickr In AGAnD Helicopter Guidance
and Control Systems Sep 1971 12 p refs (See N72-1 1915 N72-2097S# Advittory Group for Aetrospace Reserich and
03-02) Development, Panis [France).
Avail NTIS FLIGHT TEST TECHNIQUES Ageog Conference Proceedinnse
Tests were conducted on a fixed-gain, three-axis hydrotlurdic Fivi 1971 239 p rafts Papet prasertlled at the 38th Meating
t
siabr ly qugmoniatinn -tystem IFSASI in a UH 1C helicopter The ofthe Flig Mechanics Panel of AGARD. Toulouse, 10-13 May
(SAS used a vortex rate sensor. two or more stages ct 1971
* amplification. aind various shaping networks ltag lag, lead. and IAGARO-CP-85) A-.,A: NTIS
The pirocetedings -1 a conferar.ce on aircraft flight teatl
* high-pass) in each of the three axes, all mechanized with
hydrofluidict The system was designed. developed, bench te.,ted t~tn-uea are prilibelnted. Subjects discussed are: (1) sttability
* and qualilied for the environment Reliability testing previously and control tearts with etmphowoi on supersonsic and V/STOL
conducted estimated MTSF at 83.000 hours per axis (excluding sircraft (2) performance mieasuremeints of estremealy fiat aircraft.
senroactuator) Flight test results indicate pilot approval. operation (3 gliding reentry vethicles teets, (4) aircraft carrier opetrationall
over all airspeeds including hover. and excellent handling auitsbiity team, and (6) evaluation of air breathing propulaboin
qualities The FSAS performance wax rated as better then that systems. Dnta reduction for determining the aerodynamic
of thre mechanical stabilizer bar by the pilots Predicted nigh chansrctartiust of aircraft and comparison with windA tunnel teoo
reliability was supported by a CO-hour. trouble-free fluidic reaultser arenspessixed The views of personnel from teawpoit
* controller operation Author schools regarding flighit teat procedures are included. For iindividual
twa.e, seatN72-20977 through N72-20996.

N72-1 1938# Computing Devices oi Canada. Ltd. Ottawa

(Ontario) M72-20977# Boeing Co-, Seattle, Wash. Flight TeawEngineering
PROJECTED MAP NAVIGATION IN MILITARY IIELICOP-. p mos
TERS: APPLICATIONS AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE STABILITY AND CONTROL 747 FLIGHT TETrnilig
D 0. Archer In AGARD Flight Teat Tech. Feb. 1972 12 p
RJ I ac~b ad
Alxaner ) AARD Helioptr
ac~e an In
AJ ICAlesrde iAR Heicoper" N72-20976 12-02)
Guidance and Contio! -ýystems, Sep 1971 10 p refs (See Aval.: NTIS
N72-11915 03 02) The basic devellopmertil and FAA certification fligh teat
irafwacodce usn veet
Avail NTISpogmofte77 aiorane on anithens47eaprogramt iacnvolv fligh houstan
duing14
Extensive fl.,rht experience has confirmed the feasibility of pofmivlig14 tetn
onthnsiie flight a hoairplaneda
:
airlae in 102/ i
the projected mnapnavigation vystims IPMSI as ideally suited for as fignetteastang suach iendplicationa
artmortal o 10o/ perormh
naitiary tactical aircraft. particularly rielicopters the ireasons for inpri-ationg
allo sufleibiity
in intt-urnoiensatio wefr provided toslt
thi' conclusion are explained in detail. and by documented prvdued to d*vlopfexiilty conto-singenins.
iniatus or artiml wasg
comment from flight trial reparts Tr-n basis for concludring that d
Stemiitf scontrola teatsi weue onductoped nt fouierioft
tire PMS are fundamentally supe~ior tio rireiret day consientionai atillibidie andWicrurtdoftest weure odce of tasard7
fu teeper
navigation systems is also explained In addition a iecomnienda
lionis adeforpaticlarproecte
mplmeninga ma sytemhours of FAA teats for a total of 162 hours. In additdion, airplane
which ha:, been developed t0 the flyable prototype stage D L G handling characteristics have since been evaluated by
certufc~ on uthnoriie of Great Britain, France. and Germany.
AM piloits wh)tohess part1ICiciaed in Itiel teag progrms hMv

judged Ithe flight handing characterisics as excelent. Authoir

Nr72-11939P Centre d Essais en Vol. Bretigny SurOrge (Fiance)
EXPERIENCE OF THE FRENCH FLIGHIT IESI -k:NTER IN
ALL-WEATHER HELICOPTER LANDING JEXPEifIENCE N7220970# Aersoepetialer Ullinels de Toulouse (France).
DU CENTRE D'ESSAIS EN VOL FRANCAIS DANS LE METHODS OF UTILIZING THE RESULTS OF FLIGHT
DOMAINE DE L'ATTERRISSAGE TOUT TEMPS SUR TIESTS FOR THE STUDY OF FUGHT PERFORMANCE OF
HELICOPTEREJ c2l ~ fCNOf~SPROI RNPR MTOE
AND PORTI IENVOLPOU
DTHEUCONCORD SUESRESULICTAT
P Bloch In AGARD Helicopter Guidance andi Control Systems
 02 AIRCRAFT 35

*LXTUDI OtS OUAUTIS Of VOL 01 CAVION 0E com opiersatooal peritarmeisce. takisoff srob landing trojectcnes.
*TMAV310PO11T SSJP1111SONIOUE CONCORDE) "n the preisilon of inriruments necessary to calculate
R. Dequ foid C. Pele In AGARO RPgh TOM Tsch. Fob. Pentonance. Traeej. by E.HW.
1972 10 p InFRENICH ISee N72-20976 12.02)

The tisi V- a, of 111go mischsiic o w N72- r2 # Natioru Aeronautics; and Space Admirtistration
00 ic
M Cnooded on d is bviinsll y fowiatirl.Fligirt Peeearch Center. Edwarnds. Calif.
Dietsw saerdi~~wiicl~me hidaoi. NAtebiEf Wsd =9001 sylasit TECHNNSkUES FOR THE EVALUATION OF AIR-BREATHING
and kistunirst peuloriione.'Also givin am th tepoefer PROPULSION SYSTMS IN FULL-SCALE FLIGHT
tt(ar to witVy the Sight quelii Gind Its NiUMW~ncal 1IsdI Donald R "elmen. Frank W_ Burct.m. Jr.. and Norman V
visd
to rtilinle 0orn Reults show SWANai4leeneon hinfri Tailon in AGARO Flight TeomTech. Feb. 1972 1 5 p raef
asid Irdlr esocuracy of ithe two mietods. Trival. by E.MW. ISee N72-2097S 12-02)
INASA-TM-X-08306) Avail: NTIS CSCL 21A
N720tigh
W Ar
T Foce
entr. Ewars AF. ClifTechniques for evaluating air breathing propulsion syirterns
AN APPROACH TO STALL/SPIN FLIGHT TEST OP in fWIj scale flight are discusbed Examples of flight test
MANIUVEING-YPEAIRCAFTtachriques being used to measuri. the performanca of turbojet
CiAftE. McN.1Elryi AIARCRPAgTeTch Fb.17 6 propulaion systems arespresented included are the detarmrnartion
isralet.Mclo InAADFitTsTeh 1202 Feb. 1072087 of I engin thrust. the study of inlf pressure rhnoeria.
the
p rue1202)measurement
(Se N7-2006 of exhaust nozzli chrecteristi,. Mid the use of
A*MN. - a tufts at supersonic speeds. A Noew diagram of a gas generato
on gh
tweof egh erfrmnce
m ~ 5 ~method of thrust calculation is -Ilusiratod. Author
Specifc asects of the sta and spin tot are: (1) evaluaicon of
rateufarlantificial sta warning thest indicates the approech of
nosW~im usillae MR. (2) doeministion of the aingle of soma for M72.20984jq Centre d'Euaas on Vol. Brartigny-sur.Orge (France).
snoxtieum useble Nfl. (3) evaluation of naturel/sirtll~if SOME ASPECTS OF FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS AND
lam o.onrrib warning ari tests of depehluro prevention C111 'e. CALIBRATION$
sWid(4) 1 - Aiineeitioof fpossible out-of-coritrol events and J F. flnaudie In AGARtD FlightTsat Tech. Feb. 1972 12 p
efice rwvvwwy techiniqu. Examples of the uorwtrv( application (See N72-20976 12-02)
asd "i'oprnre enrrtiryconditions, fo four- cocrisw Avail: NTIS
detaied. Author The calibration. application. end limitations of mnstruments
wsed for flight texts are discussedl. The various aspects of flight
testing which eraspresented are (1) airspeed measurement.
s tri.2ON Hawker SMidejew Aviation, Ltd., Kingtn upo effects of atrmoapheric pressure at supersonic speed. (3) errors
Theirns Il~nlaid).intiroduced bir pitot-static boon !ocatiorr. (4) atmospheric
TlIt 1ARIRIER - SOME ASPECTS OF V/STOL STABILITY c~tilo nurves for high and low altitude, and (fr) correlation of
AN90 CONTROL FLIGHT lUTIE1NG nlight test and winectunnel text data. The main source of errors
R. J. Sairrer in AGARD FRight Test Tech. Feb. 1972 11 p in various aspects of flight testing are examined Arid corrective
tuf (See N'12.20976 12-02) actions are recommended. Author 4
Awed. NTIS
The dyqiaiyic stability of V/STOL s.rcr!i in general end a
description of the aerodyve mic chorAra.ristIcs of the P.1127 N72-20966#1 Air Force Flight Test Cenits(. Edwards AFB. Calif.
aincirolft are pierenteid. The tdrqc~nues, used for the initial Performance and Flying Quaifiiis Branch
hoeigadisnii -;so h - 2 edw The CRUISE PERFORMANCE TESTING OF ADVANCED
development of ins Harritir et-rahsf from the P-1127 AIRCRAFT
am Mewieian i %discussed- Exampies are mv~en of sores of the Richird R. Hildeb;and In AGARD Flight lesi Tech Feo. 1972
special stability arid control techniquirs used during deovelopmenit 12 p ref (See N72-20976 12-02)
of "he Hardier aircraft. Specia colorit intrumnents anid onboard Avail NTIS
flight doo recorders sre described. Author The expended performance cspab,!ýies of modern. high
performance aircraft have necessitated tlie development of Mlight
test tachniclues and methods of data ari.lysis anid presentation
1107-22001# Domar-Werk. G~m,b.H.. Friedrictihehfein (West which differ (ronm those traditionally emi.qejd The variable-
Germny).geometry wing of the F.1I11 presented the flight test engineer
FUIGHT TESTS OF THE PEV!'.' rANCE OF THE 00-21 with the problem of defining arid pre.ýsntinq cruise performance
AIRCRAFT (ESSAIS SUN LES QUAUITES DE VOL DU 00 for a potentially infinite number of differently configured airplanesI
2-s The introduction of aircraft specifically designed to cruise at high
r.Oragenow In AGARO Flight lest Tech. Feb. 1972 9 p supersonic Mach numbers presented still other problems. Some
In FRENCH (See N72-20976 12 102) of the problems encountered and solutions developed during
Availl NTIS flight testing of such aircraft as the F-I 11. B-58. and SR-71 are
A doeecniptioin a given of the program used to analyze the fmraioted. Author
nlight characteristics of the VOTOL aircraft D0-31 Studies were
msde of the prinocyiles of control and stabiity and the trarits of
large anid sanul flying searts. Tests for a prototype 00-31E. are
inctuded. Trendl by EMW N72-2098ff Nationael Aeronautics end Space Administration.
Flight Research Center. Edwarids. Colif
LIFTING BODY FLIGHT-TEST TECHNIQUES
N72-20962# Aerompettralri Usinee de Toulouse (France). Garnison P. Layton. Jr and Milton 0 Thomrpson In AGARO
MEASURE OF PERFORMANCE. METHODS Of ANALYSIS Flight Test Tech. Feb 1972 9 p refs (See N72 20976
AND APPUICATION TO THE CONCORDE IMESIIRE DES 12-02) 4 4
PERFORMANCES. METHODES D'ESSAI S IEN VOL (NASA TM X-683W6 Avail NTIS CSCL 010
APPUOUEIES A CONCORDE) Specific techniques and procsdures for conductinrg fligh
J. Trrallta and A Langlade In AGARO Nlight Test Tech. teestsof lifting body type aircraft are presented The
Feb. 1972 19 p In FRENCH (See N72-20976 12-02) characteristics of the eircrsft in transonic an~dsupersonic flig!t
Avired NTIS regionts were investigated The data coliectiocn arid analysis
Tepriniciple list methads utilized in ?erospsce to measure eifthniques with which the Mlight results were analyzed are
doe performanrce, of the Concorde aircraft are presented. Date outlined Included fire analog arid digital matching techniqe for,
 36 02 AIRCRAFT

derivtiveitrat
an a nit~s~s
domr"
an aetrimon
~ostret
mth~ fo exracing iftori da
~The appicartion of the equartion.s of nmotion methods.,sc
inthe prauis are the most advantaegeous, shows some difiliculties
daarele s encouritered in the flight tesrt program arid en faMiure in the off ectiveonm and genierality of employnterw. In
= olvn these F 6' men
,niosfo are discusised. Audw order to overcome these. deficiencies. after a short reviewvi of the
principal methiodsi an intem~l procedure has been derveloped.
E~rseirin To Estblihrrprit Otowswhich
N72-011111117#Aerspac as a synthesis of the Fourier Trairialormi anid Shrrnbrot's
tN72io.27 AeopcEnreenTetEathtmn.Otw rnettods. and it haa also all the adventage of them. The
ACCEPTANCE FUIGHT TESTING OF MILITARY AIRCRAFT' method accuracy has then been improvied by applying an
E. J. Sennett and L V, P Gahrin 1USASPA. Ft. Worth. Tex. In optimization process of the mathematica model. based on the
AGARD Flight Test Tech. Feb 1972 4 p (SseeN72-20976 01.Grahcreaincefcet.Ato
12-02)
Avail. P4115
The iacaptanca flight test pocedures developied ari used N72.20O02# Techniaches Iogeachooll. Delfi (Neeraridal.
try the Canadian Armed Forces tire presented. The teichniquess THE DETERMINATION OF STASIUITY DERIVATIVE& AND
aro applied to all aircraft on mnnsal delivery and following repair PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FROM DYNAMIC
andoverhaul to ensure proper operation of "f aircrft sytm MANCEUVRSS
by logica functional checks and Quality control procedures Crewi 0. H Geilach In AGARD Flight Teat Tech. Feb. 1972 23 p
requirements for performing the flight tests are outlined. Author refs (See N72-20976 117-021
Avail. NTIS
Three frequency ranges of interest to the Ili&h dynamicist
N72-O~Sf NvalAirTes
Cater Pauxet Rver Mdare distinguished (1) the low-frnquenrcy or phugoid and spiral
Carrir Suitability branch. mode frequency range. (2) the intermediate or short-period and
CARRIER SUITABILITY TESTS Dutch roll frequency range. and (3) the high-frequency Orelaostic
Roger M Decker in AGARD Flight Test Tech Feb. 1972 16 modes frequency range. Until today most flight tests for the
p1202)determination
IS@ N7-2096 of stability derivatives have been directed towards
Se
Avil P7-29 2-2 the intermediate freoQuency range. Since for varkous reaaonse the
A resume of tests performed to dletermirm the sutbliyo frequency ranges show an increasing trend to overlap for several
an airplane for launching and recovery operations in aicrf clasaes of modem aircraft, flight test techniques suitable for
carrers is presented Carrier suitability tasting involves fo the mr hnoefeunvrnemywl eev oeatnin
most part the blending of the pilot/airrfimt combination with Flight tests to determine derivatives in the combined low and
special equipment in this unique environmant Flight tost mohd inteiinedirnte frequencies are described The importance of accurate
utilized to define the performance and handling qualities of an measurements and of an adequate frequency content of the
airplane are not unique and are given only cursory treatment. input signal in the flight tests is stressed. The rationale behind
Criterna which should be considered in the desig of carner-besed the choice of the shape of the input signal used in the flight
aircraft sc as to m=s advantageoiusly match an airplanie to the tests is given The applicatizin of the derivatives, not only for
carrier environment are presented Author stability and control purposes, but also for the deterirnation of.
performance characteristics. i discusaedi. Author

*f17?7-209S%# Air Force Flight Test Canter, Edwards AFB. Calif. 1072-20993# Centre d'Esitis an Vol. Istreq (Frunce)
Fl!GHT TESTING FOR TURNING PERFORMANCE SHO FNVGTO ESNE O ET N
Roger C. Crane in AGARD flight Test Tech. Feb. 1972 10 SHO FNVGTO ESNE O ET N
*p trafst(Se N472-20978 12-02) RECEPTION (L-ECOLE DU PERSONNEL NAVIGANT
D'ESSAIS ET DE RECEPTION)
Avail NTIS Faci oso
The types of performance test maneuvers used for evaluating nAAD Fih etTc e.17
II
FrncI o o AIAR Flight Test Tech097Feb.0127
the turning capability of military aircraft aer priesenteld The1 pvi NIn RNH(e 722 81.2
* pplication of the turning performance techniques to F-104. F-4. Avai NTIS o f rnhshol eesayt ri
F-4E. and F-hIID aircraft is discusseid. The techniques o naevigat aion fcals,
anfreinch sechoolue. nedicssar d Tohtai
determining the turning limitations imposed by airframe lift and navgaton isopenctoioreign pin ers hnnqesl is dneua
Authnlonaoeulrais school isus openciotoe foreignld ais.uaeTheh
engieaetrustproucton
dscrbed.Autorarticular characteristics necessary for the administration of
flying instruction on the ground and in the air are included
TransJ. by E 14.W
0172-209"f Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford (EnglardI.
STASIUTY AND CONTROL TESTS ON A SLENDER WING
RESARCH AIRCRAFT N 72-2099*4# Air Force Flight Test Canter. Ed-rards AFB. Coldf
P. L Biagood In AGARO Flight Test Tech. Feb. 1972 13 P US AIR FORCE AEROSPACE RESEARCH PILOT SCHOOL
refle(See N72-20976 12-02)
Asil P4715 Spence M Armstrong In AGARD Flight Test Tech. Feb. 1972
A var Ity Of fight test techniquen has been useid to measure 8sp (See N472-20976 12-02)
the stabs!44jr and coritrol characteristic-t J. a slender-wing research, Avail. NTIS
aicraft as pan Ai a program aimred at comparing wind tunnel The organization and operation of the U S Air Force Test
ard flight measurements Derivatives obtained by alternative Pilot School at Edwards AFB. California is discusseid Subjects
methods n flight usually showed latrsaectory agreelment. presented ori. IIl the mission of the school. 12) the staff. 13)
Conventional methods of derivative oxtrsctio proved adequate, studnt qualification. (4) the curriculum, (6) the flying progrim.
in area where mifor non-linearities occurred in the aerodynamric, and (8) methods of instruction. Additional discussion is
coefficets. Where more pronouncied norn-linearitie exist, as in Presentedf on the assignment of students after graduato an
the longitudinal case, the results indicate that conventlional future Plans for the school Author
techniquesi may not be entirely adequate Author

N72-20996# Royal Air Force. Famnborosigh (England)

N72-20W11 FiaetS.pA., Turin (Italy). Flight Mechanica TRAINING PILOTS TO ASSESS FLIGHT SYSTEMS AT
EngineringTH' EMPIRE TEST PILOTS' SCHOOL
AN INTEGRAL METHOD FOR EXTRACTION Of AEROUY- A. A. Caerk In AGARtC) Flight Teoo Tech Feb. 1972 6 p (See
NAMIC COEFFICIENTS FROM FUJGHT-TEST DATA N472-20978 12-02)
G. P Foroini In AGARD Flight Test Tech Feb 1972 6 p Avail NTIS
ralls (See N472-20976 12-02) The syllabus and training curriculum for the Empire Teog
Availý NTIS Pilot School in England is presented. Ones mapect of the treainin
which is identified as asaessment of flight systems. is emphasised
02 AIRCRAFT 37

Feeujre of dom -vow' on: 11) a pgitund tru~iatin progem in C~riteti are, reviewed 1,., minimize such loss for the davealo~monet
lee
Ol
--- a ha (2 nruloet 010 of optimal inlet/air tsme performance Specific problems r slaing
emwine 13) two vitnulatior famences. 14) an 1 11191 satilopl to the subsoniic -ttafhofic flight regime and the supersonic
(5) a sight path coostuI VwMm
wilt.dr mi regime are included. Author
Audw

N72-27019 Aircraft Research Association. Ltd. Bedford

(England)
tXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF INLET CHARAC.
11172-209W Nave Air Too C~ue. Plbupil ftvx.M TERISTICS AND INLET AND AIRFRAME INTERFERENCE
US NAVAL TEST PILOT TRAIIN~O E C. Carter in AGARD Airframe/Engine Integration May
Aillbert V. Seadla" /a AGARD Filight Teeo Tech. Feb. 1972 1972 24 p refs (Fo#eavailabwiiy see N72-27016 18-02)
16 p (Sees N72-20076 12-02) This following experimental methods aer considered
Avaid TIns Measurement of the interference of the inlet on the aidrfrme.
Tisvphilsophy of laster-uction. " it pefla o"9m measurement of the interference of the airframe on the intlit. and
of U.S- N"ve eflgianitng toot pilots wWaindginio a diesed. measurement of the performance of the inlet/airfframe combination
SW-tio Pmniss a
Sele~or ~r-ee
t~e wn~*son i camms ~as a whole The use of comptete aerodynamic force models end
awnd
themi fliht Iofadia~rsease. we it partial models is discussed inctuding the dreg use of fu~l and hall
$COP oiddebthe fCdleeso and ROMftlaed
decied Mar ivor model tunnel techniques Particutar attention is given to drag
ani eaiclud
peThe %ar of fisne-a in die curiciu. Won wihte quise Shortcomings of the present techniques are pointed out and
if oac Preicul
saff ilg~o-anz ion Uth e pulftanebot Il ahernativa proposals atremade, where possible Authicr
wilich vill ai~antraiiyii irmprve Thestuien educarticr and Naltly
to iotuasto.Authith 0,72- 27020 Messerschmin-Soetkow-Ellohm G.m b.Ht. Murich
(Weo t Germanyi)
NOIZLE/Alf(FRAME INTERFERENCE AND INTEGRATtaIN
Felin Aulahtii anid Kurt bter In AGARD Airframe/ Engine
Intergration May 1972 25 p rafs (For availability see
M72,27016# tkdvieory Group for Aerospace Research and N72-27018 18-02)
Development. Paris (France). The main parameters involved in the interlfeences beiween
AIRFRAME/ENOINE INTEGRATION in~ernsl anid externat flow areadiscussed Also considered mihow
A Ferri May 1972 197 p refs ithese parameters in principle affect afterbody dreg Then the
(AGARD-LS-63) Avail- NTIS HCS51200 triefinition of rear and dray is given in the cor-vantionel wiry and
Analytical and experimental methods for investigating also in a more relative manner approaching the phyvsical
interferenc, problems in airplanet design optimization are reported. optimum For configurations with single and twin enginers
Considered ore inlet-airplone interference. nettl geometry and installed in the rear end of the fuselage wind tunnel test results
exhaust aet-airplans nritrerfrencre dynamics of engine and airplane for various nozzle concepts are presented and discussed The
cheracteristics. For individual fitlla, sale N72-27017 through geomertnic 'lriations in these tests comnprisei beatial[ angle. site
N72-27023 and lo-zation of thi base. nozzle interfarrings and engine spacing
Proper consideration of theta geometric parameters in
nozzl~j'/airframe r-itegration. reduces additional afterbocly dreg
drastically in the fansor-c flight regime. Author

N72-27017 New York Univ.. N Y N22 1Ntoa eopc a. mtra Ntelns

ENGINE AIRPLANE INTERFERENCE DEFINITION OF THlE EXPERIME1NatAonl AEerMIpaTIO OFb.NOZZLEdaCr4hsaAC-
PROBLEM AND RELATED BASIC FLUID DYNAMIC EXPEIMETICA LDETRIAINOAIFRMEINARERN
NOZZLE
PHENOMENA TPSISADNZL IFA EITREEC
Antonio Ferrn In AGARO Airframe/ Engine Integration MayFJarm liAAD Aifm/ngeItgain My
11972 12 p refs (For availability see N72-27018 18-02)
Thi lack of *imulation of the engine flow introduces1924prfs(oavibltyseN -206101
subistantial differences between the aerodynamics of the actual An outline is given under which circumstances certain tet
airplane end of the model tested Characteristics related to the I lerw and nozzle parameters should b~e simulated in the wind
interference between an airplane and the engine. and their t,,nnal fo; both inzta~lld thrust and 0,2g deisirmrneiion The
effiects on the calcutated performance of the airplane are r ircumstances relate to the flight regimes. folo-t types and
integrated into analog and digital simulation, where the wind angina installation configurations Next the technical rectuirements
tunnel of teat stand provides analog data, to improve the results for the wind tunnel and the model are given and ,he difficulties
G.G. in fulfilling these requirements are discussed The techniques and
schemens as used by the various groripr, in the AGARD countries
are reviewed Special attention is given to miniaturo turbo engine
N72-21016 Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab. Wright -Pattersonr simulators Author
AFB. U.hio
INLET/AIRPLANE INTERFERENCE AND INTEGRATION
Philip P Antorialos. Lawis E Surber. and Donald J Stavs In N72-27022 Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab. Wright-Pat-terson
AGARD Airframe/Engine Integration May M92 64 p :of* AFS. Ohio.
(For availability see N72-27016 tS-02) DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINE. INLET$
The basic technological problems end potential solui:ons Dmetriluri Zonars In AGARD Airframe/Engine Integration
retlaing to the devoaopment of inlet and airframne design criteria May 1972 16 0 ref. IFor availability see N72-27016 18-02)
are discussed Resuhas of analytical and experimentel work Inlet randorn Pressure fluctuations ancd their effects on
emphasize details of closely coupled inlet airframe concepts reducing ItsaNall margin of turbotet engine-i are discussed A
Inlet flow fields generated by basic forebodY and forelbody/wing review Is aCcOmpIlished of the IF 30/F- V11I compatibility study
combinations atiereviewed together with an anlyuis of the effects over the past several years 'rhe practicality of utilizing steady
of variations in fuselage snape. toreboidy rairbfi~er. wing georrielsirl staen prittantiianifous dis.'rtion fxcrtors to dirtermine, inloi-engine
and inlet position Problems associated with boundary layer comnpatibility, is assessed and recent ad~ancet. in inlet1 research
development and vortex ingestion sare discussed in terms of their configurations with associated steady -itate end dynamic
effect on inlet design. Attitude effects such as angle of attack distortions are presented. Finally, a corr-plots random data
and angte of yaw are reviewed The loases due to spillage. bleed acQuistition, editing. end processing metho~d is developed for
and bypass flows arfeanalyzed as they affect vehicle performance, accomplishing data analysis 21 an inlet diagniostic tool Author
r7
38 Oie AIRCRAFT

11172-27013 Naval Postgraduate School. Monterey. CUlif N2300FdrlAit.. dsmta~n

ENGINE INTEGRATION AND TNI'UIT/ORAO DEFINITION ahntn
N7AAFL02 UAvocaES
deING AdmniRteM onTWshigo.DC
Allen E Fuhe In AGARO Airframe/Enogine integration May heAA
FLYING QAnd IE Q aUIEMENTSAO
RoErt adn
1972 21 p refls (For availability see N72-27015 18-02) Gualmess Criteria Jun. 1972 6 p (For aveilabdiy sa"
Various definitoo~nz relating to thrust and drag are Considered N72-32017 23.02)
Since thrust minus drag is of primary interest. the background on The need for flexibility and change of Psider-M Aviation
dreg determination is discussed This to followed by testing Reguletiona to accommodate now designs, and onnraoatioaie to
techniques for full scale propulsion systems Sources of fligvehiclee is an ever-increasaig and complex situation 1he
installation losesae re of considerable interest Several different current phtilosophies and pr~ojetd difficult Oren assaociated withi
methods have evolved to account for various terms in a seeplono handling qualities are discussed. The subiec is not
dreig/thruet determination. Bookkeeping of forces and momenitum intended to be covered as to the specific condirtiore or typee, of
flux is aescribeid Any aircraft development is controlled by aoirpilanee but. rather. to Cover the qualitative evaluation noeeds for
schedule$ and fixed resources Influence of these constraints on determining coMPliance with the existing airworthiness rulees.
engine-airframe integration is discussed. Some speciail integration Recognizing that aircraft development and capaibeilty is an
problems- e g. engine bleed air. are, considered Author er-Improving science. the relatior~ship of Federal rulemaking
PrOocedures1 to the application of judgment in the requirements to
Produce timorely and adequate determinations of compliance is
dalcouseed w-ith consideration of complex control systems and
11172-320170 Advisory Group for Aeroepace Research and rpf-~adn lgtevlp.Ato
Delvelopment. Poris France).
HANDLING QUALITIES CRITERIA
Jun 1972 293 portsld Poroce of the AGARO Flight Mech Panel
SPecialist Meeting. Ottawa. 26 Sep.-I Oct. 1971 11172-32021" National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(AGARD-CP-1106) Avagil. NTIS HC 51700 Ames Reseaarch
Ths poceedings of a conference on sthehandling qualities Center. Moffett Field Calif.
REVISIONS$ TO V/STOL HANDLING QUALITIES CRITERIA
of aircraft are preetemd Subjects discussed are. 1t) flying OF AGA64D REPORT 408
%Waltims reoQuireSments anid criteria for convectional end V/STOL Seth 1B Andereon and Laurel G. Schroers (Army Air Mobility
aircreft 42) commercial lYing quality standards and flight teet ROG anil Develop. Lab. Moffett Field, Calif)
validation. 13) establiehment of filyinig qualities by analysis of In AGARD
Illandlin5 Qualities Crideria u.17t as(o
curren aircraft. simulation and analysis end pillot opinion ratings. see2N8-0 23-02(Fo
Jvun.bt p
14) special problems and interface in aircraft ct..ntrol. and (5) A brief re10ieW Of selected handling qualities crarira for
men macLure Relatiorihip aood research and development projects V/ £101 aircraft sh'ows that although a clearer understanding of
for irelpfsovemenolltL Fto individual titles. see N72-32018 through the reqjuirements for controversial areas such as roll control
N72-32038. power. vertical flight path Control.an trsioniinad
considsrably More research is needed to refines these criteria for
operat~onal IFR activity Because many items interact to influence
the pi'AOs' overall impression of the arcraftl's behaviour. additional
work Of a systematic nature must be done to Clarify this aspect
N72-32018 Service Technique Aerionautique. Paris (f'rance) A batter definition of a gust model which includes discrete gust
CCOMPARISON OF FRENCH AND UNITED STATES FLYING effects as noede to firm uop criteria for both hover and STOL
OUAUITIES REQUIREMENTS oper itioni.
Jeen-Cosude Wannor and John W. Carteon 1ASD) In AGARD Author
fHanding Ctualities Cintena Jun. 1972 15 p (For evailabifity
"se N72-32017 23-02)
The flying qualities requirements for French and United
* Starte saircraft are compered It was determined that the two
sets of criteria arc besicairy the same* in intent and goas. The N72-32022 Cornell Aeronautical Lab.. Inc.- Buffalo. N y
COmplicaticons in applying these criteria to modern, high US MIUITAHY V/OTOL HANDUING QUALITY REQUIRE.
performance aircraft are discussed. Concepts iii level of handling MENTS
qualities. apiplication of flight enivelop restrictions, and effects of Charles Ai Chalk and Charles 13. Wesibrooik (AFFDL) In AGARD
system failures art flyxng properties are examtned Author Handling Qualities Ctre Jun 1972 13 p rats iFgf
avalability see N72-32017 2.3-02)
The V/STOL aircraft handling qualities criteria specification
as discusede The evolution of the specifCatilon is traced
over the
__
__fi" Year perilod of fits development. Problem areas requiring
aidditonal work are defined as well as research efforts to address
N72-32019 Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establish- softie of the problem areasi
mant, Sorcorribe Down (England) Author
THE NATURE AND USE OF THE RULES FOR JUDGING
THE ACCEPTABILITY OF '(HE FLYING OUAUlfTIE OF0
FIXED WING AIRCRAFT
S
AAPO
J ndrwsandingQuaitie
n Crtera Jn. 72-32023 Canadair. Ltd. Montreal (Quebec)
S07 J O pre f (os
I Gr Oa Hvi seeiie
niliny 2302)
Consoe1 APPLICATION OF V/STOL HANDLING QUA LITIES
The flying Qualliee requirements for the Untited Kingdom CRITERIA TO THE CL-84 AIRCRAFT
edthe U n ited
eetlabloshn the St ~fte
fitariat are
are Com pared The
examined do-cum ents involved in
The general content of the172
0 9 2 2 p "rots" (Fna vail abi lity
6plosir
seeoog
albdrs*PY-30730)
NCri3eria 23un
documents in relation to the requiiements of the flight teeter in The design Concepts and flight charactoeritics of the
Obseessing the acceptability of fighter aircraft, strike aircraft, and Canadair CL-84 tilt wing V/STOL aircraft as related to handling
trainer aircraft a discussed Comment asSubmitted on the flyin Qualities are reviewed The schreved characteristics are compared
qualtie
fo V/TOL
""mis reuireentircaft It
the iew~iroerents doicumeints are of limitedItrctC
suposd
sugete ~with the revoised AGARO V/STOL Handling Qualities Criteria it
use to the fligh~t hwith that
i 5hOuirnriitthe theTO
ha Criei CL-caft
hL-8 are
ha alowoftheC Crtr@ia geerhatcr
values apearft
. ltonsr because they are either out of date or inapplicable to now winthrorithe foners ealwo theiscocuedi
Crit
5aircraft woith ospecial role demands or novel design features it to quappopiatiete aircraft wold4 be improvued ifa the
thatltes happinr
haircratnmg
recommroended that, in addition to updating existing reqluirements. qaaso h icatwudb mrvdi h ics e
more attention should be given to the direct and immedmiat most Of the Criteria in the areast where t presently falls shoit
applicastion of data fromt known and tried service aircraft Author
Author
02 AIRCRAFT 39

1<
N733~4 Ms
cnwftUoelow-lahmGm bH Mtic12.Z320"0 Cornell Aeronautical Lab. Inc.. Buffalo. N Y Flight
tweot Germany). Research DWp
V/STOL HANDUING QUALITIES CRITERIA COMPARED THE ROLE. OF PILOT RATING IN THE DEVELOPMENT Of
WTH FUSUT TEST RESULTS OF THE V/STOL SUPERSON- HANOULNa CRITE11111lA
IC F(GWTUR11 VJ IOIC AND THE V/&TOL TRANSPORT Robert P. Harper,.iJ. In AGARO 1."endlg Qualitiso CIltri
AIRCRAFT 00 31E Jun. 1972 7 p refs (For availability see N72-32017 23-02)
0ý K Kine) and Mortu Wuennenbeig (Dornier AG. ~Fnedichjo) The oppiceleon of pilot rating in determining the performac
In AGARD Handlfing Qualities Criteria Jun 1071 16 p rus strid handling critoria of aircraft a discussed. The role of Pilot
(For evedebidiy uee N72-3201? 23-02) atuig as a means of defining the quality of handling in tOsoa
The V/ STOL aircraft handling q~ualities critena are compareud control sirtuationig where a direct measlurement crannot be mnld

GolersacrftlanlVSTOhe0031
tanpot waat.Th siaerfor aircraft evaluation are examined. Author
presented. Tehandling quallitteec of thetw rscraft inhover w

on thte contrcl power a examined The affects of the fiel induced N72-32020 London Unrv. (England). Dept of Aaronaurtical
downwawrh and of the hot gee recirculation are shown. Author Engineering
CRITERIA FOR STALL AND POST STALL 43YRATIONS
G J lfiocock In AGARD Handling Quulities Criteria Jun.
1072 10 p (For avedaftilitty see N72-32017 23-02)
Problemso aeaoccueted with the handling chartctorutics u:

N72-32025 Air Forca Flight Teat Center. Edwards AFS. Calif.

Performance ando Flying Quailtie Sranclh
approaches to and excursions beyond the operational limit
commitercial aircraft are discusaed. The evolution of airivorthinee
requratnmetal for the stall and Poet stall operation of aircraft i
I
CRITERIA TRENDS OBTAINED FROMt ANALYSIS OF deecrbed The effects of minimum sped in steadyh level flight.
CURRET AIRRAFTthe specification of the factors of sfafty. and the demonstration
Chad"e F Adolph In AGARO Handling Cual tieo Criteria Jun. of satisfactory dynamic behavior beyond the operatkionall limits On
1072 9 p refs, (For aivailability, "al N72.320t 7 23.02) the design of the aircraft are analyzed Author
The need for developing addlitionall critenia specificelly for
Vvaoluartioin purposes a discuuueid Also included are discuessione
of ltevers) other topics in fth flying quaitiies aireal which hae"
beeon racurrant tame of interest in evaluations of high performance
asircroft. Included are comments on high angle of attack clitoria. N72-32030 Roysl Aircraft Establishment, Bedford (England).
with control augmentation systems. and a summary of experiencesTUBLNEMnL FO TH AS SMNT F
W. applying flyin quality criteria Author HfANDLING QUALITIES DURING TAKE OFF AND LANDING
J G Jones In AGARD Handling Qualitieu Criteria Jun. 1072
15 p raetoFor availability see N72-3201 7 23-02)
Properites of atmoepheric turbulei.eo at Ie~iwattitude are
reviewed, with particular reference to thou.s %apects relevant to
an aircraft on a landing approach or during take nil. Measuremnents
N72-32020 Northrop Corp. Hawthorne. Calif of power spectra are described and related to a simplified
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS IN ESTABLISHING FLYING theoretical model. Looking beyond the power spectru'i. an
QUALITIES CRITERIA important property of turbulence ia ita intrermittencry, related ;,r a
andin
J TGalagerinAGAD OsinesCirora un tendency for aircraft (responise to show uarge peaks separated by
JAAXO
T allaherInanding ualiiesCritriaregions of relative n ninaciiyPilots appear to be particularly
1972 26 p refs (Fot availability see N72-3201 7 23-02)
The application of simulation and analysis in establishing senisitive to the,*inortn~irttent Structure, and their subjectiev
the flying qualitirs cnteris for piloted aircraft is discussed Two comments can be related to measunred turbulence characteristics.
area are iders1-i'e where better critorisarer needed in the it a shown how a discrete gust model for turbulence may be
operf'ication (I the ioffects of turbulence and (21 the impact of employed to Predict the magnitude of large Iresponise peaka. Aas
comi c system ii a-aira on flying qualities A disuso an example. the response to guata; of an aircraft constrained to
pritiolodon
wichornloy grundbasd smultio
gvq~an . atcorietant attitude is discussed. wath particular referenca to
and pilot analYsis . 'attempt to better define, the impact of the effects of aircraft speed. Auho
turbulence on Ap-r 1-A itries Methods for overcomin existing
akeortc-nming in 10 ,f,,Aduto are evaluated. Author

N72-320311 North American Rocitwell Corp. Los Angelee. Calif

F.-YINO OUAUITIES INTERACTION WITH ELASTIC
AIRFRAME$
N72-22027 Sceing Co. Seattle. Wash JtoDn H Wykas In AGARO Handling Qualitiee Criteria Jun.
HANDUING QUALITIES CRITERIA FOR SUPERSONIC 197.. 13 p trefi (For aveilbhiity aseeN72-32017 23-02)
TRANSPORT The trends in, modern aircraft structural design and
W 7 Kohlr/arI AGARD Handling Qualities Crtteria Jun 1972 estrodynamic are such that vehicle flexibility increasingly impacts
S p (For availability "a N72-32017 23-02) on vehicle frying (handling) quel~itie and the design prociisaeee
The content ani; tone of a criteria specifiction for ci~prnircisll necessary to provide satesfactory vehicles. Irs recent years. theI
traneports are presented A criteria muset irnsure safe haindling flexibility effects on ride quality have impacted on handing
qualitiee for aN regimes of flight (peration In additsin to the qualities and. perth"pe should be added to handling qualities
normal fligh operations. opsration to the extiremes of the flight requiirementa or criteria A presentation in given of some of the
orvrslope. and operation in severe turbulence must be specified upprtachee currently being considered to reiruce this interaction
Also to be considered are flight operartions with systems failure*. Pillow indue such whtarrQuea as active uat isolation arid actis
A criteria specification must also consider the critical evuctural mode control It as concluded that any ride quality
cobnbrtatons, a' thenameitm that have a reasonable probability soli~rist method that includes inducing motion b.k-tween the pilot
of occurrence For example the airplane muat be able to operate and 4% controls and drislayst should be exclude,' by handling
safety inturbulence of some specified level following flight ciuarliise crOiteria The structural flexibility and fliiht controls

controls iryiestri failures Author interface a briefly examined, and a typical oilot-induceA4 structural
 40 02 AIRCRAFT

eadlation dscussed It a suggested that a pilo prefilter. a iseetmenit by the brain. and this subsequent physical actions, Thes
modemn stability augmentation system. and a struictural mod applicartiin of the analysies to eseblairsing the pilot workload
ointral system designed to meet rde quality criteria can solve enccu-tared for varnous portions co,the flight as described
the problem without additional croonsa The handling qualities Aurthor
Sosibility, interaction and the vehicle design cycle are discusse
Authior
N672-32034 Air Force Flight Dynamic Lab. Wright-Patterson
AFS. Ohio.
U72-32032 Societe Natioruils lndustnelle Asnrwospatiale r THEORETICAL PILJOT RATING PREDICTION$
INFroncIE.
~rance)Ronald 0. Aniderson in AGARD Handling Qualities Criteria
FIl EIN N UCIN Jun. `972 14 p ref. (For availability a"e N72-32017 23-02)
OF A TRANSOORT AIRCRASTGN ATD FUNCTIN G Methods fo spcfyn fltyrg qualities of aircraft ame
CH4ARACTERISTIC$ OF THE FLYING CONTROL SYSTEM dicuesedf Methode for correcting deficienicies in thes present
ROF A Tu ANSOTAIRCRF QOliie
n I rieri QUAL
Jun.H 72E stem, we recommended The recommeandartionts range from the
R2 peu n G Handling Qulte rtts Jn 92expanition of thie classical approach to new dimensions to
1p Faalblt aN72-32017 23-02) apptoaches that rely on theoratzcal predictions of pilot ratings It
The problems encountered in the course of fl"n quality is shown that the prediction of pilot ratings is a valid approach
studies for both a supersonic "n a subsonric transport aircraft which is accurate within the range of pilot variability Author
are describer A study is mad of the influence Of the startic and
dynamic characteristic of contrOl, between cockpit controls and
surfaces without Automatic cornpenselons The specific: problemns N72-32037 Novel Air Systema Command. Washington. D.C.
raised by automatic cornpenaatr.-" rer examined. A study a RECENT US NAVY FLYING QUALITIES RESEARCH
made of how flying qualities are affected by llymirsconitrol Raymoird F. Siewert MnAGAND Haendling Ouslities Critena
failures and by the safety and rriability obiectrve which mustasJn192 2pres(oavibliyeeN -307302
a cosequnce e acieve. AithorThe results of U.S. Nav" sponsored flying qualities research
N72-32033 National Aeronautical Establslirvent. Ottawa ranductod over the past five years are presented Inlight variable
(Ontario). stailITY airplane investigations were conducted in simulated
PARAMETERS AFFECTING LATERAL DOIRECTIONAL comer approalches to determine the effect of the principle flying
HfANDLING OUALITIES AT LOW SPEEDS qualities parameters on approach performance. Limit* have been
K-If Doeftach. Jr In AGARD Haindilng Qualities Crotons Jun. established on the values of the major longriudinal and
1972 13 p ref (For availability see N72-32017 23-02) latoral-direc-orral parameters. to insure good carrier approach
A study is undertaken z' ti-e favtors effecting the characteristics In addition to the carrier approach studies.
lateral-dvacional hanidling qualifier of aircraft in typicail VMC mloving bsellsimulator investigations wo't Conducted to further
STOL flight as certain model paramaters are varied It a found develop critoria anid extend the aircraft maneuvering po!etti alt
that for the low* flight-speed and the lw* dutch roll frequenicies high anglesi-Of-attack The incluaioni of manouvor~nj force
investigated, the sid, force eauation takes on added significance gradrem and/or stick serrstwrity has been determined as a
iniestablishing the o~sciatory mode through the vector contribution requirement for a meaninglul criterion. Author
of the weight componeint acting long the y-axas. When this
contribution .s large, secondary effects on handling qualitie can
ardseif the relationship between the yaw rtst and aideslip N72-32034 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
vectons in the oscillatory made as established solely by varying Washington. U.C
"th doerivtves of the moment equations because, wrider theso RECENT NASA HANDLING QUALITIES RESEARCH
cwt-i"OmetncsS unusual groups of derivatives Mary be necessary Richard J. Wasicko /n AGARD Handling Qualities Criateia
to satisfy the imposed constrairim. Similar clevisiions from Jun. 1972 25 p refs (For availability see N72-32017 23-02)
*normal values ior the moment dernivutive mjy be requiredi to A comprehensirve review of NASA research results
*force the zerm. from the poles in the bank angle to aileron-controll documented since the mid-1960 a and some recently completed
trensfer function while simultaneously mairitaning the correct programs on aircraft handling cluclities are presented. In addition
"vecorrelationships in the oscillatoiry mode. Author to handling qualities research pertaining to vehicle stability and
control characteristics, investigations related to specialized Piloting
tasks, cockpit displa,.e. and environmental factors are
N72-32034 Technache Hogeechool. Delft (Nletherlands). summarized The background leading to NASA's handling qualities
PILOT VEHICLE ANALYSIS research activities is discussed. and programs that have received
R J. A W. Hoeman In AGARD Handling f~lualmas Croateia major emihasis are indicaed For gonerri aviation aircraft, the
Jun 1972 25 p rels (For availabiity see N72-32017 23-02) survey includes investigationis aimed at improving handling
An exprimeet is described in whichi meaurements Were qualities bry incorporating increasingly sophisticated stability
performted on human operators in single 'axis tracking tasks The augmentation and display systems. simplifying the approach and
controlled element used was a simulated transport aircraft. the landing tao" for relatively inexperienced pilots, and establishing
angle of Pitch was controlled by the humian operator. The forcing the basic effects of turbulence Research on the specialized
function was a gust signal acting on Itoe simulated aireraft. The Piloting Problem of steeper instrument approaches for noise
aircraft was simulated at three cent~a of gravity position at abatementr aad investigations with a representative first generation
which it was stable. neutral and unstatle respectively. During the aircraft wea reviewed in the sectioni on subsonic let transports
test runs the human operators iod to perorm simultaneously en Supersonic. cruise aircraft programs include a variety of
aud tory additional task On the basis of the results obtained simulation studies related to supersonic transport designs and
from th-. experiment 6 new stamrpled data pilot nodali flight tests with the XB-70 aircraft Investigations of high angle
discussed Author of attack lOss of control problems and 4 flight study of direct lift
control utilization for formation flying and aerial refueling arst
M72-2035Forshunginstui
tor Athrootocniii Mocen-discussed in the review of tactical military aircraft research Ato
heim IWes Germany).
PILOT WORKLOAD
R K Sernotat and Jean-Cliude Wenner (Service Tech. N73-11020# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Asronautique" Paris) In AGARlD H~andling Qualities Croateia Develoopment. Paris (Francor)
Jun 1972 9 p refs (For availability see N72-32017 23-0Z ~ INTERACTION OF HANDLING QUALI(IFS. STABILITY.
Schematic diagrams and anayes" of the functions of the CONTROL AND LOAD ALLEVIATION DEVICES ON STAUC-
humor operator in the guidsov'e arid control loops *or presented TURAL LOAD$ Summary Report
Three howerrchIca control loops are constidered Flow charts are Clifford F Newberry lBoeing Co Wichita. Kan ) Jul 1972
erstablekred to define the sti nuli received by thi p".ot the data 17 P refs
 02 AIRCRAFT 41

(AGARO-R-503) Avail. NTIS HC S3 00 N73-1SOO0 Tochnische Hogeichool. Delfi (Netherlands). Dept

A auileotopmarenti was forwarded to working group me~mbers, of Aeronautical Enerweenrixit
swovieimg ansers from their respective countries on techniques SOME RESEARCH ON TWO DIMENSIONAL LAMINAR
used in COnlsideoniQ ttss various interw~liong The quostionnaiarr SEPARATION SUSSALES
discmssees possible efleocts of loed alleviation devices from both E Dobbinga. J L VeninWe. and J. W. Kodis In AGARO Fluid
staoic and fatigu loads. interactions between stability. control. Dyn. of Aircraft Stalling Nov. 1972 8 p refs (go e vorleaslrty,
arndstructural loads when structural modes coalesce with rigid see N73-1 4998 06-02)
bod~ ~hr period rnod"e are also add-oiaed The replies reciervd Emirical" informetion on the angle at which the separation
are summarized The replies generally sgr.je. although differences strea1mlINe le0ves theswell, in well flow, was obtained. The laminar
between manufacturers of fighter and transport aircraft are par of separation bujbes in two dimensional incompressiible
evident. Author fliow was calculated for the following conditions 11) planei
stagnation point boundary layer flow. (2) flow around a cy4.'dr~e
70 mildlimievers in diameter. 131 flow around a cylmin'z 400

N73.13018# Advisory Group for Aerospace Reseaich arid milimetesrs in diameter. (4) a long cylinder, axially aligned with
Devolppmer' Paris i~rance) the wind. separation induced by a forward facing step. (5)
AGAR FLIHT
ECHAICS ANE SYMOSIU ONa short flat plate with separation induced by auxiliary airfoils,
TASID LIGHTAN MEHNCOSRLTe PA ia EvLuatPIon ReOrt (6l a short flat plate with separation induced by a forward facing
AND COT iri OL
STAILImTYHmlo S~eattlelEOct. 197 ReOor step. and (7) a long flat plate with seParation induced by a
WillAar
aitn T Ben9C72tle c.192 1 forward firing step The measured angles are plotted as a function
refoo ConI aid aI Brunswick. 10, 13 Ar'92of the Reynolds number at separation Author
tAGARD-AR-48], Avart NTIS HC S300
With the passing of time and better urnderstandinlg of the
aeroodynamic an-r.Structural characteristics of aircraft configurations N73-15001 Ciontre National de Is Recherche Sceontifique.
the opportunities to improve aircraft performance. reliability. or Meudon (Fiance)

cost through the use of more sophrsorcated control systems was THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF TAKE
recognized These advanced contiol systems involved additional OFF DRAG DEFORMATION OF LOCAL SURFACE IRE-
disciplines such as complicated mechanisms. hydraulic&. electron- CHERCHIES THEORIGUES ET EXPERIMENTALES SUR

1473-13019# A&visory Group for Aerospace Research and S Surneal. G 13 Deep. P Gougot. and B. Prunot-Foch /,7 AGARD
Development. Pairis (Francel Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling Nov 1972 11 p refs in
A RELATION BETWEEN MEASUREP CENTER OF GRAVITY FRENCH (For availability see N73-14998 06-021
VERTICAL ACCELERATIONS AND THE LOADS AT THE A theoretical and experimental study was made Af in-
T-TAIIL Of A MILITARY AIRPLANE comrpressible flow during takeoff Velocity profiles waet me,'sured
0.
fuiSsbau
3er~ebfesrglrit.
(La srm~dt-bertsdlin the ksoundary lvaye by lrut wirie anemrromieters. *rri, the s anal&
WeBst a Sep 1972-ad
(Liranylug 20 p ise
ebtstgest obtained used to determine frequency distribution Static prer sure
(AGARD-597l Avail NtIS HC S300 distribution on the inner surface was &fSOdetermined A X18 19
A method for the establishment Of a statistical basis for the contatining a cavity was used to measure deformation on 0-ie
relations between center of gravity vertical accelerations and hollow ledge. Spectral density fluctuations in velocity permits
structural loads on a tailplane is described The develoipmefll the measurement of natural instabilities in the boundary layer
and applicatior' of a fatigue meter lor this purpose are discussed The instabilittas are correluied with exterior stred Author
Seanding moments anti load factors are plotted as graph% tO
show reliability of test Procedures Author N73-16002 Office National d-Eludes 0t dPRteche~cones Aerospat-
asles.Paris (France)
AIRFOIL STALL PREDICTION IN INCOMPRESSIBLE
N?3-14990# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research arid FLOW
Development. Paris Il-rance) Michel Vincent DePaul in AGARD Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling

FLUID DYNAMICS OF AIRCRAFT STALLING Nov 1972 15 p refs in FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (For
FRlENCH Presented at Fluid Dyn- Panel Specialists Meeting. A calculation method is proposed to calculate the small
Lisbon. 25-28 Apr 1972 beipa-atiori loriaS whrih are initiated ncar the leading edge of
(AGARD-CPAO02I Avail NTIS HC S19 25 an airfoil at incidence This calculation provides the detailsi of
The proceedings of a conference on the fluid dynamnics of tire separation process and the maxit.urr ifththat may be obtained
aircraft stalling are presented The sutbjects discussed are. (1) with a certain Reynolds number range Author
* two dimensional lamninar separation bubbles. (21 turbulent
boundary layers flows. (0) aerodynamics of high lift airfoil systems. N73-16003 Northrop Corp Hawthorne. Calif Aircraft Div
14) low speed stelling of wings with high lift devices. 15) Stall PARAMETRIC STUDIES OF SEPARATING TURBU LENT
charactefrstics Ofvarious militaryr aircraft. and (8) airflow, separation
and buffert ~ne during fighter aircraft maneuvers, For ined-vidual
tits, see N13-14999 thr')ugh N73-15020
SLUNDARY LAYER FLOWS
Andrzej Wortman arid W J Franks in AGiARO Fluid Dyn of
Aircraft Stalling Nov 1972 9 p refs (For availability see
I
N73-14998 06-02)
A new technique fot the exact solutions of laminar or turbulent
two- or hroee-dirnensiona boundary layer flows has been
1117314990 Queen Mary Coilt. London (EngleridI Dept of developed The technique dillers from previous approaches in
Aeroneautical frngineering the use of functional analys s to obtain exact semiareoalytic*l
ROLE OF FLUID DYNAMICS IN AIRCRAFT STALL AND solutions in a srnall froiction o1 rhe computer time normally required
POSISTALL GYRATIONS for such computations Tric mai~n advantage of the sernianatlyical

GJHancock lIn AGAND Fluid Dyn ofAircraft Stall-ng Nov $aspct of the technique is that the functional forms of the relations
1972 16 p refs (For availability see N73-14998 06-021 in the govening differential equations are retained and the use
The arrrortlhin*6u reouiramants tar stall and post stail behav-0, of the corrniurtei is ;elegatad to theo performarice of simnple
of an aircraft are reviewed. The definition of stall asoltha limiting quodratures and fluid properties calculations Thus. the study of
condition for normal flight operations is established The distinct the yorims turbulent viscosity models is a mnatter alltin
of programming
dynamic aned aerodynamic contributions to a stall maneuver andth rdeinoheubuieweesch ae
poet stall gyration are described The pilot ofinfluence is assesWe Performed A wide range of eddy viscosity relations can therefore
and some implications on airframe design are outlined The effects be studied in a few parametric runs A typical three-dimensrioal

,)fflow separation on wings, the control of flow separation. end celculltion at a point oul a body requires 3 seconds of ISM 380/65
the role of rmo~deleaoperimentri are reported Author computer time, so that extensive paiametrrc studies can be'K
performed quickly and economically Author

a-V
 42 02 AIRCRAFT

N473- I SW (echniaches Hochechuls. Stuttgart (West Germany) woongand for a finite aspect ratio wing with high lift devoiCes
Inst. fuel Aerodynaomik und Gesdoynamik The effects of practicall features such as liart-span flaps. arod
DESIGN OF AIRFOILS WITH HIGH LIFT AT LOW AND flap and solatsupport -sackets_ are rillustratad by reterenca to
MEDIUM SUBSONIC MACH NUMBERS fl^ov patterns mreasur~,j on a swept back wing. Auithor
F. X. Wortmoon In AGAND Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling
Nov. 1972 9 p refs (For availability see N73-14998 06-02) 0111-16009 General Dynamics/Fort Woath. Texn
The design of airfoils with Aiq.. lift a. low and medium A SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE ANALY-
subsonic speeds is disc.'ssad it is stated that the maximum Ift $15 OF MULTIELEMENT AIRFOILS NEAR STALL
of a symmetrical mann)ri at low Mach numbers can be increased I. C Shate"a and R G. Bradley In AGARD Fluid Dyn of
from 1S to 20 percerti if the airfoil nose is modified and designed Aircraft Stalling Nov 1972 12 p rift (F*r availability see
to yield ljweor velocity pap ý, and last pronounced laiminar N73-14998 06-02)
loiarepeion bubbles The purltomance of the airfoil at vsrioJ5 Potential-flow analysts matt.,cs. based on distributed-
subsonic %seocds end anofes of attack is described. Author singuarity models, are adeoquate for the prediction of aerodynamic
characteristics fo- 2-0 multiple-airfoil systems where viscous
1473-1600 National Aerospace Lab.. Amsterdam lNetheirlands) effectsi are negligible. However. for analysts and design of
COMMENTS ON THE METHODS DEVELOPED AT NLN FOR high-lift sbsterma where viscous effects dominate. poterisia-flow
CONDUCTING TWO DIMENSIO~NAL RESEARCH ON HIGH methoods are not adeoquets. In order that these viscous effect
UIFT DEVICES may be accounted for. a method has been formulated by wtich
0 DeiVroies In AGARI) Fluid Dyn. of Aircraft Stalling Nov. a soutiooi is obtained through analysis of a'i equivalent airfoil
1972 7 p refs (For availability see N73-149913 04-021 system in potential flow The mathemasticail model for the
Avail NTIS equivalent system consists of a linearly varying vorticity diostribuoion
Two experimental approaches for analyzing two dimensional over the surf&-.. of each asrlovi elemient and a source distribu-
flow on high lift devices are desrtibed The first method consists tion ermV'edded masde each airfoil elamant to simulate the
of pressure measurements at the mid-span section of a two separated wake The boundary-layer displacement thicknees is
dimensional wing with boundary layer control at the tunnel superimposed on the airfoil contour to form an equrvalent airfoil
* wall-wing funictions by bko~w-ng slots The soend approach Consists surface for e. h *lement The flow downstream of a separation
of potential flow calculationsa by means o! a singularit method porint is alloweed to develop as a free streamlaine flow with no
with a source wstribut~on on the contour of the airfoil. This is surface boundary cond.tsons The mathematical model is evaluated
* applied with a limited number of contr~ur moints on the airfoils foe cases where *he locator- of the separation point is specifioed
The calculationso tire compared with ti.e experimental results from expervisental data The predicted chordwiose pressure,
Author distributions. are shown to correlate well with experimsentall data
fox several multiple airfoils lincluding leading edge slats and
1473-15006 Avionioit Marcel Ciaxault. Saint-Cocud (France) trailing-edgei slotted Mlars) for angles of attack near stall Author
BLOCKAGE CORRECTIONS IN SLOWING TESTS OF
EFFECTS OF TAKE-OFF 1COARECTION DIE SLOCAGE N73-15010 Royal Aircraft Eslablioshment. Farnibotouglh (England).
DAN$ LES ESSAIS EN SOUFFLERIE EFFETS DES DECOL- THE EFFECT OF LEADING EDGE GEOMETRY ON HIGH
LEMENTS1 SPEED STALLING
Jean-On Vayssaire in AJARD Fluid Dyn- of Aircraft S'alling G F Moss, A 13. Hearries (Aircraft R~es Assoc). and A Jordan,
Now 1972 22 ri refs in FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (For lAircrdt flee Assocji In AGARD Fluid Dyn Of Aircraft Stailling
availability see N73-14998 06-021 Nov. 1972 16 p refs (For availability see N73-1 4998 06-02)
The application of blockage corrections to wind tunnel test It is shown by means of an exampoe how small modifications
riesarements made on aircraft models is discuassed The to the leading-edge profile of a sowetooing can result in large
procedure corrects the velocity to infinity upstream anid restores effects on ifft performance at the stall in the higher range of
to the walol-effaced aerodynamic coefficients the values which subsonic speeds The b:3sic types of leadiong-edge pressure
are fairly equivalenti to those obtained on a model placed in or. distribution for any one fixed geometry over the whold range of
unlimited flouidstream. The corrective blockage terms which modify subsonic speed are discussed and tIa difficulties in designing a
the reference koinetic prwuaure are analyzed. The terms are affected profile shape which gives a satisfiictoiy compromie" in wing
by volume. wake. and separations Each of them is usable in performance across this range is emphasized Two types of
incompressible, compressible. tw'o dimensional, and three variable-gecometry, device ct the leading edge are discussed, eaich
dimensional flows on wtole or half models. Author of which allows some degree of optimization in the shap required
for good aerodynamic performance acrosa the ranoge of Mach
0073-16007Dougia.o Airciaft Cc.- Inc. - Snta Monres. Calrf. numbers. Author
AERODYNAMICS IN HIGH LIFT AIRFOIL SYSTEMS
A M. 0- Smith In AGAFID Fluid Dyn. of Aircraft Stalling N73-16011 Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab., Wright- Pattersonr
Nov 1972 27 p refs (For availability see N7.1-149918 06-02) AFS. Ohio Control Criteria Branch
The aeodynamic oroLesases that occur in flow pat; un- A PRACTICAL LOOK AT THE STALL AND HIGH UIFT
powered multi-element airfoils in the high lift attitude are OPERATION OF EXTERNALLY BLOWN FLAP STf2L TRANS-
discussed Charts showing permissible pressure recovery for PORT CONFIGURATIONS
retarded flows are presented The best possible load carrying David J Mooreshouse In AGARO Fluid Dyn. of Aircraft Stalling
pressure distrolirtions are diocribed. as well as airfoils tL.at develop Nov 1972 13 p refs (For availability see 173-14995 06-02)
the maximum possible lift in full' attached flow It is shown Some practical design apspcts of the stall of powered-lift
that for a given optimum type of pressure distribution a aircraft having externally blown flaps are Considered Techniques
two-element airfoil can develop more lift than a single element are examined for predicting the increment in maximum lift
airI&I shared to develop the same press-ire distribution. Author Coefficient due to power Numerical results are presented for an
existing theory based on the assumption of a leading-edge stall
N?3-lF4OO Royal Aircraft Estal~ishmont. Fainbotough (England) and the use of basic ieot-flop theory The accuracy of the thuory
THE LOW SPEED STAILNO OF WINGS WITH HIGH LIFT is better than might be expected arid an emplritcal factor a
DEVICES added to produce good correlation with measured values A
0. N Foster In AGA14D Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling Nov completely empirical approach is shown to be effective as a
1972 12 p refs Ilo- availability see N73-1499S 06-02) simple technique to provide quick approximatiorie to the increment
The mechanism of the stall of wing sections with high-lift in maximum lift coefficients. Author
de'cass in two dimreneioinal flow is discussed. The similarities to
the sictiing .mehnism for singile airfoils, and the dofiffetces 101734IG12 British Aircraft Corp. Warton (England) Aarrody-
which strw4 as a result of the close proximity 'if the muditipl namics D0pt
liftin elemenm- of the wing section to each other are described FUIGHT DEVELOPMENT OF THE STALUINO CHARACTERIS-
The efec of svoeebobck is discussed lfo an infinite sheared TICS OF A MIUITARY TRAINER AIR4CRAFT
02 AIRCRAFT 43

W. 0 AorsIVl and G. P. Wilson In AGARO Filuid D"s. Of An experimental flight test program was sponsored to
Aalraft Sit~allg Nov. 1972 0 p (For aveilabdift "ea 1173-14011 dertermine the buffet characteristics of four high perfoirmance
OS-02I aircraft The aircraft were flown in transonic Maneuvers
The modifications to the Jet Provost Mk S and the eincountering condutiorns of buffeting onse through heavy bufferling
Striermapasr 1S7 saircraft to improve the stall warning characteris- The, aircraft were instrumented with accelerometers, wing root
tics are reportedý The piroceidureas for obtaining tlie, desired sitrain gagers. wing static pressure taps. and one wing was tufted
cewraiutaicstm of a clearly Markead stall with aidelualte warning for flow visualization photographs. The aircraft were flown in
of the approach without pernafty on mnasimum lift and wirthourt the baseltine configuration as well as with various deflctons of
eelvingshi larg aircraft modifications are desciribed Diagrams and leading and trailing edge flaps The results of the flight test
dilutrations of the Intl configuations are included Author, program, the effects of mechanica high lift devices on buffet.
and some wind tunnel/flight test correlations are presented.
N73-1S013 Ganerali Dyn'almice/Fort Worth. Tex Author
6?AWIPOSI-.:STALI. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE F-11l
AIRCRAFT W73-1S018 Royal Aircraft Estabisment. Bedor E onglan)
Cotewe A Anderson in AGARO Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BUFFETING AND RELATED
Nov 1972 9 p (For availability seerN73-14998 00-02) PHENOMENA
The, saal/post-stalt chairictesiatica of the F-t ItI aircraft are J G Jonas In AGARD Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling Nov
deacribed The characteristica have been defined on the baoi of 1972 10 p refs l~r avaliability see N73* 14998 06-02)
wind turvu teats. free-flight moe teats, radio controlled drop A dynamic analyse of buffeting and related aerodynamic
odl- t. analytical anallyses. and flight tests The exrtent of phenomena is presented The closeid-loop inteoraction between
each type of toosting a discussed and a summary of the results the fluid motion, involving seprated flow, and the Motion of
is preesW04 A discussion of the regresasion techniques used to the wing surface is analyzed The problem of formulating en
obtain Sierodyromic denivatn,ve in the high angle of asnack simulator appropriate theoretical model for ouffeting as discussed An
is Included Author analogous problem concerning the choice of applopriate analyical
Models foir osicillatory, rigid-body motion, known as wing rocking.
111731160014 Hawker Siddesley Aviation. Ltd. Kinget-~ upon is examrined Buffeting measurements obtained from flight teats
Themse (E11land) of rimall combat trainer aircraft are included Aurthor
POST-ITALL AERODYNAMICS OF THE HARRIER 0111
OuIAL Sams In AGARD Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling Now N1473-1116019" Notional Aeronautics and Space Administration
1972 7 p refs (Foir availability "ee N73-1 4908 06-021 L~angley Research Center. Langley Station. Va
The post-stall aerodynamics of the Warrier GRt aircraft are MANEUVER AND BUFFET CHARACTERISTICS OF FIGHT-
discussed Th, requireoment to actrriev high usable lift coefficients ER AIRCRAFT
dura mmneurverng at susonic speeds, without incurring a weight Edward J Ray (McDcrnnell Aircraft Co.- St Louis). Lenwood W
pael Iy for loading edge deivices is deecribed The resulting McKinne-y. and Julian C Carmichael in AGARD Fluid Drin. 5~f
cheracterstic Of boundar layer separation alite buffet on~ Aircraft Stalling Nov 1972 It p refs iFor avesaiaiiy sees
erst anailyriedl The effects of acrrayof fer, as and vortex generators N73* 14998 06-02)
weef~o.Author The high subsonic and transonic characteristics of fighter
aicraft and the factors affecting aerodynamic boundaries, such
N73-16011U Royal Netherlands Aircraft Factories Foklker. asI maximurn obtainable lift bt Hoet onset. pitchup. wing rock.
Amsaxiwerdar and noeseslice are discussed Investigations were made using a
AEROOYNAlliC OF WING STALL OF THE FOKKER F28 general re~seach configuration which encompassed a systematic
Ti. Schunrniga In AGARD Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling Nov matrix of wing design parameters These results emphasized the
11972 B p (Foir evasdablrity see N73-14998 06-02) sensitivity to section and planform geometry at the selected design
The aerodynamic development of the F28 wing with regard point The incorporation of varliable -wing -geometary devices in the
to the stall are describd First. the investigation in the wind form of leading-edge slats or flaps was shown in a number of
tuive is reported, dealing with the influence of boundary layer flight and wind-tunnel studies to provide controlled flow over a
feoeo secondly the correlation with flight tests is presented It wide range of flight conditions and substantial improvements in
m~ey beacncuded ýhet. aprtfrom minor mOoificatiOrr." aetisfecor maneuver capabilities Additional studies indicated that the
areetwas found between wind tunnel and flight test blending of a highly swept maneuver stroke with An efficient
resufts Author moclerstely swept wing offers a promising approlich for improving
maneuver characteristics at high angles of attack w-thout excessive
W73-15016 Boeing Co. Seattle. Wash penalties in s:ructural weight Author
PREDICTIP1G THI LOW SPEED STALL CHARACTERISTIC
OF TN! BOEING 747
John K. Wi~mrsa In AGARD Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling N73-15020 Naval Air Systems Czm-mand. Washington. 0 C
Nov. 1972 o p (For avaislabilrty sea N73-14998 06-02? AERODYNAMIC DESIGN AND FLIGHT TEST OF UF NAVY
The pre-fligt estimates for the Boeing 747. based on wirvd AIRCRAFT AT HIGH ANGLES OF ATTACK
tunnel data obtained at a Reynolds Nu iber of approximately W R Burr* and J T Lawrence In AGARD Fluid Dyn of
I millon. are preeented These test results were adjusted tc Aircraft Stalling Nov 1972 t0 p refs (For availability sea
ful aicallefloighit valuma using correlation factors develoriid from N73- 14998 06-02)
othier Boein transport airplanes As an indefoedent check, high The aerodynami: design, engineering development, and flight
lift delta weire obtained in a pressurized wind iunnel up to a testing of niaval aircraft at -.;qh angles of attack are discussed
Reyrnolds Number of 756 million and extrapolated to the full The flight regime beginning with buffet onset and proceeding
scale vallue of 40 million Flight results show ihat the correlation up through departure from contlrolled flight is irirestrilaited
factors were moderately successiful in predicting sutil speeds Post-stall gyrations and spin recovery are analyzed The irrpor-
Ale.pessre unne tedaa t fil scle eynldslance
exrepletng of the design process for low speed flight stability is
Numbers predicted the fight value of msxirnim lift coefficient emphasized Author
with reaosonable accuiacy The wind tunnel do's at all Resycolds
Numbers predicted satisfactory handling cherasct #:-istcs throughout
the stall that were confirmed during flight testing Author N3lgl dioyGopfrArsaeRsac n
FlghtDynmicsLab Wrght PalterionDevelopment,
M73-W17AirForc Pans (Franice)
rigt Dnamcs
N72-S~t Ai Foce ab regt-PltasonSTABILITY AND CONTROL
AF9. Ohio Aroijmechanics Branch Nov 1972 305 p refs Proceedings of the 40th Meeting of
ON AIRFLOW SEPARATION AND BUFFET 0OhIET DURING the Flight Mach Panel of AGARO. Braunschweig West Germany.
FIGHTER AIRCRAFT MANEUVERING 1 3Af17
Peter J Buitkewics In AGARD Fluid Dyn of Aircraft Stalling 10-13ARve -1972 vi TI C12
Now 1972 100pref (Flor availabilly see N73* 14998 06 02) AADC~ 9 vi TSII 12
 02 AIRCRAFT

Summanies of papers presented at confoetanoft concernieng piloted aircraft and its stability and maneuverability are defined.
aircraft atabiplity. control. maneuverability and daewgare reported. The framework~ utilited in current U.S. Air Force handling qulte
For individual titles. see N73-18990 through N73-170`13. requirements. i.e.. classification of aircraft. flight phoWe levels.
Author Start". etc.. is descnibed. Examples of various aircraft designad
for one, misaion and than utilized for other missiona aresgiven.
N73-fIGOW Natioa Aerospace Lab. Arritsedrda (Netherland*) A diacusaion is presented of the problems eincountetred whent
SUMMARY OF AGARD MEETING ON PROBLEMS OF THE the detailed mission requirements are not clear, such as with
COCKPIT ENVIRONMENT. NOVEMBER 1964 IN AMSTE- V/STOL aircraft, reentry vehicles. etc. Problems encountered with
DAM. NETHERLANDS off-deeignr conditions and operation at the limits of the flight
j J P, Moniker In AGARD Stability and Control Nov. 1972 envielopre are discussed with exsimples The various motflodj
* 9 p raft (For availability soa N73- 10989 06-021 open to the designer for achieving the proper comprormies in
Probtlems related to the process of mon-maschine corrimunica design of en aircraft are outlined. Author
* nton are discussed with emphaslt o~n Cockpit information-
generation. display. and transfer. Techniques focrthe evaluation 7.6W BtihArrfCrp.Petn(gld) Miay
of cockpit geometry, display systemsni and cockpit workldod are Div
ArcraftS9 s icrf op.Prso Egan)Mltr
summarized together with the associated anthropornertricel1 data Arrf i
*and types of display systems. Author DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SATISFACTORY
STABILITY AND CONTROL OF MILITARY COMBAT
N73-1091 Centre dEasisi on Vol. Brertignty-aur-Orge (France). AEROPLANES
6 R A. Sums (in AGARD Stability and Control Nov. 1972
AEROELASTIC EFFECTS FROM A FLIGHT MECHANICS 20 p raft (Foir availability aes N73-16989 08-02)
STAND POINT Dsg rtrafraheigstsatr tblt n oto
.J. F. Reatiudiet In AGARD Stability and Control Nov. 1972 for miitryiairciaft arehreviedalng
r saisator Otabiityal
req d iremnt
17 p In FRENCH (For availability sateN73-16989 08-02) Sormeof theY diraftcutiesOiof deignilng wthoffieetlthequtndremeof
Methods for calculating the effects of aeroielasticity on aircraft these crithe rtia~contsideredsTopings disusedi
t inlue loangitrdinal
flight are discussed. Data cover aerodynamic of flexible rotors. te rtraagcniee oisdsusdicuelniuia
flight dynamics of flexible aircraft. eripenmentall determinetion of stability and control, and lateral stability and control. Author
flautibdity, for flexible aircraft. stability augmentation systems.
and problems of determining influeince of aterodyna~nic forces 0173-1611P11 Techniache Hochachule. Darmatadt (West Germany).
on flexible aircraft. Trans; by E HW THE EFFECTS OF THRUST CHARACTERISTICS ON4
LONGITUDINAL STABILITY IN4SUPERSONIC FLIGHT
0173-11602 Snti!'i Aircraft Corp.. Preston (England). Military G Sachs InAGAPID Stability and Control Nov. 1972 15 p
Aircraft Div. trats (For availability, see N73-16989 08-02)
SUMMARY PAPER ON 8SMULATION MEETiNG. SPRING The Iinfluenice of the variation Of thrust with Speed and
* 1970 AT NASA RESEARCH CENTER height on the dynamic stability of the longitudinal rmotion in
A G. Barnes In AGARO Stability and Control Nov. 1972 supersonic flight is shown. The effects directly related to thrust
6 p ref (For availability see N73-18989 00-02) Changes are describied along with the effects due to pitching
The conference on flight simulation is summarized Top"n moments which, associalted with thrust characteristics, depend
discussed include: simulation objectives, simulator characteristics, On speed and height. The thrust influence on two method$ of
design of exipeairiments, Simulation iinutsut. and analysis. F.0 S artificial stabilization of long-term modes is also investigated
Author
U73-IGM Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab., Wright-Pattersion
AFB. Ohioý N73-109" Societe Nationals Inidustrielse Ausrospatiali. Paris
NAPKDUNG QUAUiTIES CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS (Franca). Deipartemeint Recherche.
William E. Lamar and Terry L Neiightsor In AGARD Stability INFLUERdCE OF THE MASS AND MASS DISTRIBUTION
and Control Nov. 19F72 19 p refs (For availabtility s"a ONf FLYING OUAUITIES (INFLVENCE DE LA MASSE ET
Summar9es of02
paper atARITO
thEcofrAc onSS flightt DESVOL
Lrsete
Summaries of02paer thE c flUgh LAsoto
REARITt
VUALT; LAfr MASS LE
qualities are presented. Topics discuased include flyi~ig qualities Marc Mesiniere In AGARD Stability and Control Nov. 1972
for conventional and V/STOL aircraft, man-machine research, 9 p rafs in FRENCH (For av~ailability see N73-16989 08-02)
a nd the establishment of criteria F.G.S Several techniques pertinent to determining the influence of
mass and mass distribution on tha handling qualities of aircraft
7 117-189"" National Aeronautic and Space Administration are presented Particular attention was given to lateral and
Ameis Research Cerner, Moffett Field, Calif. longitudina maneuverability and the influence of inertia oni the
CONSIDERATIONS FOR STABILITY AND CONTROL OF prnnc'ipl axis tilt angle Several examples using a Corvett aircraft
V/SOL AIRCRAFT: A REVIEW OF AGARD REPORT 577 are given. Transtl by E.H.W.
Seth B Ariderson and Laurel G Sichroers (Army Mobility A and
D Lab.) In, AGARD Stability end Control Nov. 1972 10 p
raos (For avarlauliy see N73-10989 08-02)
CSCL 01 B
Revieionist which haye been made to previous V/STOL handling N73-1S6g Royal Aircraft Establishment, Bedford (Englanid)
qualities reouirments based on cliteria arrediscussed A discussion Asrodynamics Dept

addition, data and reference material are provided to back up REFINEMENT OF FLYING QUALITIES
the proposed Criteria to peomrt the uaserto understand the W. J G Pinslie In AGARO Stability and Control NOV.

Icross
limitations
is included ofof the data On which the criteria are based. A revieW
several controversial ariias including 1972 13 p refs (For availability "re N73-18989 00-0j)
pitch control
The present state, of the art
Sensitivity, static longitudinal stability, toll control pow*:. roll-yaw and design rs broady suiveyed within particuler
har-dling qualities
err.phaisi research
on the

coupling, and vertical flight path control. Author role of theory

and scope and papercriteria
of handling studies in this field. The signficanca
is critically discussed as setting
N73-1SSI5 Air Furia Flight Dynam:cs Lab., Wright Pettersor' targets for flying qualities design. The capabilities and limitations
AFB, Oh~io. of theory ars then consituered in such areas as derivative prediction.
MIGPION EFFECTS ON STABILITY AND MANEUVER- rigid-body stability and e9sponase calculations, predictions of
ABIU Iv Vsability under partial constraint and under active prior control.
I 6Wesbrok
Chad& AGRD tablit an Cotrl roryFinally some genteral consideration is given to novel flying qualitie
Otaras Wetbrok tablit andCortr'I i4ovProblems
I AGRD associated with the ilntoducic^ of sltabiity, and control
.. 12 11 p refs (For availability see N73-16989 08-02) augmentation srystemsi. Author
The relationship between the mission requirements of a
 02 AIRCRAFT 451

M73-1 7000 Roal Netherlands Aircraft Factories Fokker. design of the U.S. SST piototypes aircraft is descnibed as on
Schiphol*Ocoet. Aerodynamica Dept examiple of the type of application wheare active flutter su~ppression
ADJUSTMENT111111 OF FLYING QUALITIES BY WIND TUNNEL shows promise. Author
lITIMNG
11. khuninga in AGARD Stability &rndControl Nov, 1972 0173-17006 Aeronautical Systems Div., Wnight-Pettevsoin AFS,
7 p (For availability see N73-16989 08-02) Ohio 8-1 Airframe Div
Two examples of the wind tunnel approach to the flying PREDI"TONf OF AEROtLASTIC HINGE MOMENT EFFECTS
*qualitries of the Fokker F2S Fellowship aircraft are described, ON STABILITY AND CONTROLLABILITY
one deatling with the development of the elevator aw~face. and John W Carlson In AGARD Stability and Control NOV.
* ~theother writh the development of stall charscrtsrsstiý. Auho 1972 6 p (For availability see N73-18989 08-02)
The effect of seomelestic deflections on the autablety and
N73-17001 Naval Air Systems Command. Witashington. D-C. control characteristics are studied Some examples of difficulties,
LAdvanced Technology Sectior see shown that have resulted in control problems and aircraft
FLIGHT SIMULATION: A SIGNIFICAPIT AID IN AIRCRAFT limitations Methods of predicting hinge moments are reviewed
DESIGNand aome of the problems that arise by the use of these methods
Ralph C A~arrah In AGARO Stability and Control Nov. are discussed A program for the analysis of structural derilcimstions
1972 17 p refs (For availability see N73-16989 08.02) is descrbed which may be used to analyze miny serotelsatic
The role of flight simulation in the development of the S-3 problems. Aurthr
and F-14 aircraft is described along with the facilities used. An
appraisal is included of simulation technology as applied to aircraft N73-1 7007 Aeritalia. Turin (Italy)
design Author CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MANUAL FOiGIT CONTROL
DESIGN OF A MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT
Antonio Filisette and Giuseppe Ferretti In AGARD Stability
N73-117002 Royal Aircraft Estsblishment. Bedford (England). drnd Control Nov. 1972 20 p refs (For availability see
Aerodyinamic. Deat. N7-6890-2
FTHE ROLE OF FREE-FLIGHT MODELS IN AIRCRAFT N31990-2
RESERCH D DVELOMENTrtileree for designing manual control systems for military
REIRHAD EEOMN transport a~rcraft are puesented including a guide to the choice
Fil n ad
A. tablitti AARDCntrl No. 172 4 pof the manual control parameter Practical problems concoming
refs (For availability see N73- 16989 08-02)th tniothnem et&iavoadthcnrlfre
- ~~~~The
spiciailofatures of free-flight models are discussed. Two tennierhnemmnsbhvo n h oto oc
acatter with the flight conditions are discussed. Aspects of
oxmlsaegvnof tests in the fitld of flight mechanics
Peparaplos are geciven o rga ftiswihi bu matching manual operated ailerons with hydraulicalty drivenf
Prestartatn RArE doinesrigaedo ahprowramrftstsl andc Oi-stabou spoilers are emphasized along with practical methods for designing
dynamics of aircraft Attention is concentaled on the planning sin-a oto ufcsAto
of the tests and the inatrumenws.ion and control system in theI
model. Some details are given of the mrodel handling and rerieval M73-17006 Mesaerschrritt-Soloekow-Slohm G.m.b.H-., OTtobrunn
Author (West Germsriy!
POWERED CONTROLS, INFLUENCE ON STABILITY AND
MANEUVERABILIT
N73-17003 Britih Aircraft Corp. Preston (England) Commercial Gerhard K Kissel In AGANO Stability and Control Nov.
Aircraft Div
THE EFFECT OF ENGINE FAILU~RE Al SUPERSONIC
SPEEDS ON A SLENDER AIRCRAFT:
ACTUAL
PREDICTED AND
1972 13 p (For avaiiability see N73-16989 08-02)
The influence is discussed of powered controls on the dynamic
anid atatic behavior of modern high performance aircraft The
poessibilities of improving the stability and maneuverability by
*
C. S Layman and R. L Scotland in AGARD Stability and interconnections in the various axes are ci,nisidered, and an
Control Nov 1972 8 p lFor avaibiitsary see N73-16989 example for a modern fighter type aircraft is demonstrated.
06-02) Author
The effect of engine, failure On the aerodynamic characteris-
tics of a supersonic aircraft were studied Topics discussed include. FLY-BY-WI9 AoenD ARTFIIA t Sea ABLIATO DESIhN
predriston of aircraft stiability derivatives. proedcitoo of forces and L-YWRAN ATICALS BLZTOND IG
moments due to engines failure. preflight simulatior, axperience. R L Schoonman In AGARD Stability and Control Nov
and ligt tet rsult F.,S,1972 13 p (For availibdity see N73-16989 08-02)
and ligh tet reultsFOSThe implementation of artificial stabilization to correct
N473-17004 Aerospoliale Usineis do Toulouse (France) senous stability ard control dtificiencies, is discussed If^. meetibng
CALCULATION OF INDUCED LOAD BY VARIATION IN the performance demands for aircraft which operate over a broad
COJURSE DURING ANY MANEUVER ICALCUL DES flight envelope sucn as VTOL. ST01. and SST For this Class Of
CHARGES INDUITES PAR LA CLEXIBILITE AU COORS aircraft safety.of-ftght vi dependent on the integrity of these
D'U~iE MANOEUVRE QUELCONQUEI systems. and has resulted in the development of redundant system
APillarsan In AGARC) Stability and Control Nov. 1972 designs. The conventivnal SAS design approach is compared to
9pIn FRENCH (For availability soie N73-16909 08-02) that recommended for those vehicles which require augment.-
A general formula for calculating load influence on aircraft tion for safevy-of -flight The impact of system redundancy on
flexibility is presented along with illustrations A comparison was maintainability and operating coats is also discussed A system
mado of the loed effects in rigid and transverse flexible aircraft. is proposed which features integration of critical flight functiona.
Three maneuvers. - lifting momentsaend forces. check-nd pitching, and the use of digital computation to seimplify system
and checked rolling - were used for the analysis, compleisity Author
Trarsi.
y E..W N73-17010 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough (Englmnd).
N73-170060 National Aeronautics and Space Administraliori Husman Engineering Div
Lan~gley Research Center. Langley Station. Va. PILOT WORKLOAD: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
ACTIVE CONTROL OF AERIOELASTIC RESPONSE R. G Thorne In AGARD Stability and Control Nov. 1972
A. Gerald Rainey. Charles L. Ruhien. srA Maynard C. Sandford 8 p (For aivaiabiltry see N73-169,89 08-CZl
in AGARD Stability and Control Nov. 1972 8 p raft (For A conceptual model is, presented for the study of the
availability, see N73-16989 08-02i situations when some of the crew, some of the timearer unable
Conceptual and wind-tunnel programs leading io the 10 complete satisfactorily some of their tasks A moreo realistic
development of technology for appllying active controls to the simulation of the difficult tasjis is recommended Autho
suppression of flutter were studied to provider a powerful tool oa icatEbri anoog E.ad
for required safety margins for flutter in future high- performance P473-17011 RylArafEstablsmnt. Fmoog Egad
supersonic aircraft. The nature of flutter considerationa in the Aerodynamic~s Deot
 02 AIRCRAFT

THE ROLE OF THEORETICAL %1Tur?,S$OF FLUG)4T ON AEROELASTICITY. VOLUME 4. CHAPTER 10

DYNiAMICS IN RE11FLATION TO FLIGHT TESTIN4G E. F Saird (Grumman Aerospace Corp) and W. 8 Clark (Grumman
Hý H. B. M. Thomas In AGARri Strixiliry and Control Nov Aerospapoce, Corp.) Dec 1972 27 p raft Presented at 34th
1972 13 p refs (O'cravailability see 1`03-116989 06-021 AGARD Struct. and Mater Panel Meeting, Lyngby. Denmarkr.
Nt is argued that calculations have an imnporiant role, to play ItI Apr 1972
in fti planning of. the conduct of, and the analysis of flight (AGARD-R-5961 Avail NTIS HC $3.50
teatsa This is eapecally true of those ar~ai of flight taeling which Advances in the rapid and accurate determination of flutter
involve maneuvers nes 'imitung flight conditions in which preflight characteristics through the ua" of high SOee computers are
callculertiona are invaluable in aurvrng at a cleaeri definition of discussed Commentst are presented on some flight flutter teeting
thea ~r"civ of a test. Providad the aerodynamic forces acting proedures in use and under development. A model matching
on the aircraft can be adeQuate~y and reliably represented, there technique is described This technique reduces date analysis time
is Winerent difficulty about undertaking the solution of the equations and is compatible with relatively feast data acquisition. Results
of motion mnan appropriate number of degrees of freedom with of modiel matching when applied to theoretical response dots
the aid of available digital computers. The real problem, therefore. r rsne n oprdwthata lgtfutrtsig
iea in reducing to a manageable form the output of such ar rsne n prdwt culfih lte Asting r
computer studies and thereby achieving a deeper understanding f
of and a more r-tady interpretation of the resu-lts As an rl!'..ttstfIvv
example. the longitudinal motion of en aircraft involving en
extended angle-of-attack range is considered Author N?3.20023ff Advisory Group for Aerospace Research eno
Delvelocpment, Paris (France)
N73-170120 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. RECSUDEARY COUNTIENALACCELEOMEGEST LOND
Pight Research Center. Edwards CalifRCRE YCUTN CEEO EESO
FLIGHT TEST EXPERIENCE IN AIRCRAFT PARAMETER SEVENTEEN TYPES OF AIRCRAFT
IDENTIFCATION. W Keynes (RAE Famnborough) Dec 11972 713 p rets
Chester H Wollowicz. Kenneth W hlft and Glenn 8 Gilyard In~ Presented at the 36th Struct and Mator Paenl Meeting. Toulouse.
AGARC) Stability and Control Nov. 1972 13 p refs iFor F;ance. 25 Sep 1972
see N7-1699
svsiablly0802)(AGARO.R-605 * AGARD.586-Add) Avail: NTIS HC $7 76
An automatic method for determining stability and control The collection and procesaing of gust load data obtained
derimiatrves from flight data is presented The technique. a from counting accelerometersfi during twenty years of recording
modification of the Newton.Ptaphsorr method for dertvitrve is described Tables of the accelerations arid equivalent gusts
exatraction. has a prilori provision that mskes use of initial estimates are preseinted, the latter having been calculated by both discrete
of the derivatives and provides a means of checking the validity and spectral gust models The gust frequency distribution. zie
of the results. Rlecommendations for applications of the method dicuseld AuthorI
are included. Author
Aeosptiaezruous (Fanc)
N73.701Uinesde N73-21008# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
N7I-IZATIO1 AeOFpti BLACK BoXE s FiuORs IMPROVNG Development. Paris (Prancell
CTLIARCEITICNO OPACPBOTAES DURIPOINGTH AIRRAF ADVANCED ROTORCRAI T. VOLUME 1It h
CHARATERITICSOF
PIOTAG DURNG TH AIRRAFTFeb 1973 237 p refs Pievented at the 39th meeting o h
DEVELOPMENT PHASE IUTILISATION DES SOITES Flight Mach Panel of AGARD. Hampton. Va. 20-23 Sep 1971
NOIRES POUR AMELIORER LES CARACTERISTIQUES DE A RDC12)valNIHS40
PILOTAGE DURANT LA PHASE DE DEVELOPPEMENT D'UN TAhRDC 121)tdngAva cneecilHin roTIS aircraf
AVION) Theopetsae
proeeinsene of a onfeencties
e rtary
oir wingoaircaf
R. Deques In AGARD Stability and Control Nov 1972 12 p ~ lpet r rsne h betvso h
are given as (1) review of expelriences gained from existing
ypsu
in FRENCH [For availability see N73-16989 08-02)
tringto odiy th flghtconrolhelicopter
Probemsencuntredwhil Operations. (12)review of lessons obtainad from flight
Probemsenconteed
wiletryig t modfy he figh conrteat6s of eslperr~-.nial helicopters. 13) discussion of the future of
system of the Concorde aircraft during the development phaes adveai:,ru rotorciaft. end 14) ground test facilities for research
are reported. They are (11 tendency of pilot engine to pump in ndevlp ntonwftrca Fridvdulile."
a laterai direction during supersonic flight. (21 consecutive skid nd3210 delp nthrofg neM rtrc3-Fr2ndv0ul3il0, e
with motor breakdown at supersornic speei!. and 131 conilrn ýe;N3- 0thogN323.
tles sitrsrft after cut off of the piloting gear 1`i1.cmodifications 7-00 SvieTcnueArnuie.aisFrce
made to correct these problems ar. ;.von 7rrnsl try E H W N3209SrieTcnqeArnuiu.Prs11rn
TACTICAL FLIGHT OF HELICOPTER AND REPERCUSSIONS
ON THE CONCEPTION ILE VOL TACTIQUE DE L'HELICOP-
TERE ET LES REPERCUSSIONS SUP SA CONCEPTION)
N?3-IS0L3# Advisory Group for Aerospace Reslearch and M Berthoux In AGARO Advanced Rotorcraft. Vol I Feb
Devealopn'iet. Paris (Prance) 1973 5 p in FRENCH (For availablilit see N73 21008 12 02)
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON PLUID DYNAMICS Certain reflections on the aspects of the problem of tactical
PANEL SPECIABLITS MEETING ON FLUIID DYNAjMICS OP helicopter flight are made in light Ot esperience acquired in the
AIRCRAFT STALLING domain of aeromobihlty After htiving esamnned the tactical

ft. C Ponkhuri (Royal Aircraft Eatab, Teddinrgoii UK) Nlow. environment, research was doris on the effects of such environ-
1972 11 p refs Conf held at Lisbon, 28-28 Apr 1912 mention helicopter performance Trinsnl byEf A
IAGARD-AR-49) Avail NTIS MC S3.00
An evaluation of the fluid dynamics of aircraft stalling is N73-21010 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford tE'-.giend)
presented The aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft stall THE OPERATION OP HELICOPTERS PROM SMA'LL SHIPS
is made to the design and operation of combat and traspsqort Feb 1973 15 p (For availab-lity see N73-2 1008 12 07)
aircraft. vilcludesig buffet penetration and post-stall behavior Majort Procedures for operatirr hulicopters from the decks r,;i smal,
sublfec areas coniceirn flight experience. flight testing, wind ships are discussed The subjects p:Psented are It) an overall
tw'mell measurements, and theoretical prediction inietholds The view of the operation. (21 types of helicopters in use. (3)l types
effects of three dimensional flow, the influence of sweep back. of ships used. (44) problem of deck srze and superstructure 15)
and the design end performance of light lift devices are nature and effect of air fiow around the ship, and 461 problem
ae azd. Author of ship motion Pre;imionary (tlight tests to investigate the identified
problems are reported Author

N73-19030# Advisory Group for Aerospsce Research and N73-21011 Societe Nationalo Industriejie Aeroipatiale. Paris
Development. Paris (Franca) (rne
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FLIOHIt FLUTTER TESTING TFrNcYEARl XEINEWT H EIOTRFO
IN THE UNITED STATES. SUPPLEMENT TO THE MANUALTE YAR EXEINEWHTEHLCO ERF M
02 AIRCRAFT 47[

OPERATION IN FRENCH ARMY (DIX ANS ODEXPERIE NCE N73-21016 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford (Engivind)
AVIEC LIES HELICOPTERES EN OPERATION OANS LES SOME FLIGHT EXPERIMENTS ON THE XH-51 N HELICOP-
ARMEES FRANCAISES! TER
A Renaud In AGARD Adva-wed Rotorcraft. Vol I Feb. P. Brotherhood arid C. A James In AGARD Advanced Rotorcr~ft.
1972 3 p In FRENCH (For availabilit-y see N73-21008l 12-02) Vol. I Feb. 1973 12 p rets (For tvailability see N73-21008
Hesliooter performance ar determined bV a ton year study 12.02)
in vanuiot military environments is reported Data cove, n.oefational Flight tests of the XH-S 1IN helicopter are reported. The tests
systems. spe-.oal equipment, and various environmental situnotelr'tf were primarily concerned w'rh helicopter stability and Coonnir!
oncludiNgjecticall operations. Helicopter support actirvities are also Several combi4nations of gyroscopes and control spring* were
discussed. Transl by E H W evaluated The princirpt effects of the changes in cor-!oguration
were variations in rooitirnl sensitivity and rotor cdampoir' A variation
N73-21012 Service Technique Araronautique. Paris (France) in static: slaixility due to a differently shaped gyto arm was
RELIABILITY AND SAFETY OF OPERATING MECHANICAL reported. Author
HELICOPTER PIECES (FIASILITE ET SECURITE EN
OPERATION DES PIECES MECANIOUES POUR HELICOP. N73-21016 Mena rschmirt- Boolkow -Bohm G m b H. Ottobrunri
TIRES) (West Germany)
S Barner in AGARO Avdvanced Rosorcrash. Vol I Feb INFLUENCE OF ELASTIC COUPLING EFFECTS ON THE
19-3 9 p In FRENCH (For availability se. N73-2 1008 12.02) HANDLING QUALITIES OF A HINGELESS ROTOR HELl COP-
After determining the aer-dice life of the mechanical Peris of TE A
a helicopter, fail safe system Characterestr(5. qualifications of G Reichert and H Huber in Agard Advanced Flotorcraft.
tranamiasion box mechanisms. their initiat contribution and Vol I Feb 1973 15 p refs (For availability see N73-21001a
potential utilization were deteimined Fabrication materials and 12-02)
1,ror-odurvoa from both Britain a.id the U S. are compared Stability and contirrl of a helicoipter with a hinigeless rotor
Tranal. by I H.W system is mainly infiuenced bry the elastic flapping motion of
the rotor blades Oin a rotor with torsionally flexible blades or
N7,11210113 Army~ Av ystems Test Activity. Edwards.
i~r elasticity in the control system there can be additional aeroelas-
ATx Calif tic effecs, which act as control inputs on the blades After a
GREATEN SAFET1Y. MAINTAINABILITY. AND ItELIABILITY short descriprtion of the rotor system and the analytical model.
THRGUGH IMPROVED HELICOPTER FLIGHT TESTING the reasons and the influences of elastic coupling effects on the
Gerald E Sweckeor In AGARD Advanced Rotorcralt. Vol I stability anidcontrol behavior of a hirngeless rotor helicopter are
Feb. 1673 15 p refs (For availability see N73-2 1008 12-02) discussed Theireoare effects which result from the aerodynamic
DaEW obtained from helicopter flight test programs are char?.ctorratics and from the chuidwise mass-distribut-or, on the
proweteci. Greater safety, maintainability. and reliabrility are being blade Additional coupling effec's result from flapping and ir'plane
assured through constantly improved fliuht testina techniques 6'sfloct ions, out of the pitching control axis similar to a pitch-Pol)p
and the u~seof state-of-the-art instrumentation, data acquisition. ;ag-coupiing. TlreoretiCal IreruM are compared with flight test
and data reduction equipment More stringent helicopter data. Author
parformance criteria are placing greater demands on the test
agencies tc devise new methods and procedures lox collecting N73.210117 Westland Halli'riera. Ltd. Yeavil (England)
andaonalysirg data Included are such prograrnsas (1) the AN -IG GROUND AND FLIGHT TEST EXPERIENCE WITH THE
(Cobra) helicopter and a simplified approach to finding height WESTLAND SCOUT HINGELESS ROTOR HELICOPTER
11es during div recovery from throttle chops: (2) recommendation D E, H bSlmnford In AGARO Advanced Rotorciaft. Vol 1
of fimitring Aif-iG tail rotor control. (3) OH-SA g loads experienced Feb 1973 12 p (For availability see N73-2'008 12-021
at high filequencres during weapons firing. (4) recommended pilot The flight test experience gained during the basic clearance
cues to define a sale AH-IG envelope following engine failure, of a Westland Scout helicopter fitted with a reduced scale version
(5) investigation of large sideslip and pitch excursions follow.ng of the hingeless rotor system is discussed The basic clearance
throttle chops in the TH--55 helicopter. 16) identificatioin of was aimed it pioducing an airciraf with sufficient capability to
requireme. ta or AH-IG instrument -flight -rule IIFII) eval-ration. embark upon a series of research taskst and as such was devoted
(7) resuhas from OH-58 and AN-tO heticopter height-velocity to investigating the airworthiness and handling of the aircraft
(H-V) (eutorolational) testing with discussion of application to broadly within the limit of the flight envelope of the Standard
operational use. and (9) AN-IG maneuvering limits from production Scout fitted with an articulated rotor. Provided that
retlurn-to-targert profirles Tests Lcirducted watr. the AN !G those limits could be approached reasonably closely it was
half opte determined return-to-target time. height loat during considered that the aircraft would be adequjate tor its rasearcnr
pullout fcrom a dive. and other maneuvering che ractertstics The taskusA statement of the present status of flight testing of the
concept of energy maneuveratilily has beern established, and Lynx helicopter is included. Author
siognific~anrt data have been added to the literniture. Author
N73-210118 Societe Nationals Industrielle Aerospatiale. Parirs
N73-21014 Naval Air Test Cents.. Patuxent River. Md Rotary (France)
Wing BranchSOETO HT ONTE A34 GA LESP D
A NEW LOOK AT HELICOPTER LEVEL FLIGHT PERFORM- SOECORD TSO HE$ 41GZLL PE
AliCE J Soulez-Lariviere In AGARO Advanced Rotorcraft, Vol 1
Allen B Hill in AGARO Advan'ed Flotoicraft. Vol 1 Feb. Feb 1973 4 p (For availability see N73-21008 12-02)
t9'13 9 p (For availebility see N73.21008 12-021 The speed record establishment for helicopters by the
Helicopter level Rlight parifjimance data are presented as SA 341 helicopter is discussed The nature of the courte flown
power coefficient (c sub p verious tip apeed or advance ratio for and the requirements for Successful completion are described
a range of thrust coefficient$ (c sub t) This date presentation The preparation of the helicopter for the record try is reported
was developed from momrentumn and blade element theory The Lassons to be drawn from this experience for future record tries
power coefficient is 5 riondimensioonal expressoion for the main are anatyzed Author
rotor shaft horsepower required The main rotor shaft t~orsepower
required Consists Of Profile. pa'asrte and induced power The 73Zt9AmAiMoltyRsacanDelpetLb
advance o: tip spieed ratio is a nond-mensieoe i73-101 CnalifopenLb
Arm Mobffity Reield.
Air~h
and main rotor rotationo: speed Theftthrudt coefiietisf
nondimeneo*nat expression for thrust required It should probably PROGRESS IN ROTOR-BLADE AERODYNAMICS
be illt vrticl dag s nrmalyP
th weghtcoeficint.sine F Yaggy and I C Stotlar In AGARD Advanced Rotoicraft.
bgoed calld theusweish roefficienty since verical deragesenotativ Vol I Feb 1973 15 p refs (For availability see N73-2 1000
clsignrdc n thrust isereplae bygrsswight rur
Aefrac
eispresentaied 12-02)
clasilvelflghtpeforane
heicpte crv isprse thod The Primary factors inhibiting the performance of rotary wing
Author aicraft are identified The inhibiting factors are examined and
 48 02 AIRCRAFT

discussed with respect to developments in the serodynamscs of N73.21 024 H-awkear Siddaqay Aviation. Ltd.. Woodford (England)
5
the rotor, the mothematial" modeling of its wake, and the STOPPED ROTOR AIRCRAFT USING CII CULATION
prediction of dynamic airloade and their effects on "lin CONTAOLLED ROTORS
*qualities. Recel developments in rotor Rlow stridies. rotor blade John Taylor In AGARD Advanced Rotorcraft. Vol. I Fob
presaure daatribjtinona. totor blade boundary layer anallyreas airfoil 1973 15 p raef(For availablity, see N473-2 1006 12-02)
behavior in rotors, and rotor aerodynamics are presented. The fundamental problems of the stofppd rotor aircraft are
Author examined. The aerodynamic characteristics of the circulationt
controlled rotor are d-acussead and the results of test date
11073-210*20 Army Air Mobility Research and Development Lab. preesinteid. Finally, the evolution of &typical stopped rotor aircraft
Fort Euests. Vs. Structures Div. design us'ng circulation controlled rotors is illustrated Author
SURVEY OF ROTARY WINO LOADS AND STABILITY
ANALYSIS PROSLEMS P173-21026 Giravioris Dorand Co.. Paris lFroasce).
H. I Mac~onsald In AGARD Advanced Rotorcraft. Vol 1 Feb. FIELDS OF APPLICATION OF JET FLAPPED ROTORS
1973 6 p (For availability sea N473-2 1008 12.02) M_ Kretz In AGARD Advanced Rotorcraft. Vol I Feb 1973
A survey of some to the problems encountered in th 12 p raft (For availability see N73-21008 12-02)
prediction of structural daaan leads an actroelastic stability Analysis of the field of application of the ;at-flap rotor shows
margins during the development of rotary wing aircraft is the cost-effectiveness of this technique when applied to heavy
presented The importance of accurate prediction of structural helicopter and atoppable rotor designs. Comparison with equivalent
design loads for improved reliability performance, and stability mechanically driven heavy-lift rotorcraft shows empty-weight gains
of aircraft is stresaadl Variations in analysis methods employed of 30 to 40 percent Initial cost gains for thesse vehiciles is even
by various manufacturers are discussed. The complexity involved higher, approaching 50 percent The feasibility of an aircraft having
in the prerdiction of rotary wing leads and se'oelasti stability, a 0 85 Mach number cepebiltly and possesirng a stoppable and
the effects on cost effectiveness, and areas whore complex analysi stowoble nonfolding two-bladed rotor has been estawlshed The
is advantageous are oenored. Author weight analysis also demonstrates the attraction of the aet-flap
concept. which combines the features of both low weight And
low cost. with a long duration hovering :apability, The aet-flap
173.21021
N United Airciaft Corp. Stratford. Conn. rotor thus makes it possible for the same aircraft to have the
IMPACT OF NEW STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS ON SYSTEM high airspeed characteristics of a modern airplane coupled with
CAPABILITIES the lowspead advantages of a helicopter Author
Edward S. Carter In AGARD Advanced tRoicircaft. Vol I
Feb 11973 11 p rets (For availability se. N473-21008 12-02) N473-21026 Dornier-Warke Gm b H. Friedrichshafen (Werst
The impac of structural concepts on rotary wing system Germany)
capabilities is eSammned Current vertical takeoff aircraft system RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ROTORS WITH TIPI
capasbilities in terms of paryload and gross weight ratio are reported, REACTION DRIVE IN GERMANY
Examples of advances in vertical takeoff aircraft design aer Cirristoph Fischer In AGARD Advanced Rotorciaft. Vol. I Feb
submitted. Specific developments in rotor blade construction. 1973 12 p refs (For availability sea N473-21008 12-02)
varable geometry concepts. drive systems. transmission*, and Activities on cold, hot and mixed cycle tip :et propulsion for
airframres are presented. Author rotors are reponted Research and programs on cold ark; large
mixed cycle systems are described For both projects sromei results
N473.21022 Boeing Co. Philadelphia, Pa Vertol Div of component tmsting flight tesrs are discussed Aspects of
EVALUATION. DEVELOPMENT, AND ADVANTAGES OF THE sthe flight .to.chanics as decoupling of movements in hovering
*HELICOPTER TANDEM DUAL CARGO HOOK SYSTEM and advantages of wade rpm-range are shown Concluding
Gregory J. Wilson and Nlevvton N. Rothman In AGARO sAdvanced remarks on the operational applicability and new missions favoring
Roticrft.Vol1
Fb 173 p ef,(Fo avilailiy -~~torque-free rotor drive systems are added Author
N473-21006 12-02)
* Helicopter transport of external cargo for military applications. N473-21027 Boeing Co. Philadelphia. Ps Vertol Div
efficient use of available rotary-wing equipment, end enhancement SURVEY OF TILT ROTOR TECI4NOLCOY DEVELOPMENT
of aircraft Safety is examined. Improvements in this technique K B Gillmore In AGAAD Advanced Rotorcraft, Vol I Feb
* could provide the transport of external cargo at the maximum 1973 11 p rats (For availability see N473-2 1008 12-02)
speed of the helicoipter, routine operation under instrument flight A rovi~w is made of the development of tilt rotor technology
rules (IFR), precise placement of the load, and could eliminate since the XV-3 program in the late 1950's A brief comparison
the problems in hover such as the duat cloud and static elecricity, of the capabilities of -.he tilt rotor w!th othe! rotany wing
Feasibilrty studies have shown the potential of the tandilm dual configurations for a transport mission is shown Tilt rotor
hook coocep as a viable bae" on which to build on improved performance and dynamic model tests are described Analytical
cargo-handing system. Production incorporation of a cust cargo methodology development is reviewed and predictions are shown

hook sinatein is planned for the hoiavylift helicopter IHLH) The to compete wall with model test data in the areas of performance.
System incorporates other features such as variable longitudinal aeroelostic stability and flying qualities It is concluded that the
hook positioning. differential winching, load motion feedback. and technology is nowv in hand to develop- a prototype vehicle
f te
opratr'svisin uderAuthor
augmntaion crgo ystm
*conditions of poor liltt and thick dust. The requirements for an N 73-21028 Societe Nationale Indluatuielle Aisrospatiais.
improved helicopter external cargo-handling System, the programs Morignano (France.)
which have established the feasibility of a tandem dual cargo FENESTRON NEW SOLUTION OF TAIL ROTOR ILE
hook system. and the system slated for the heavy-lift helicopter FENESTRON. SOLUTION NOUVELLE DE ROTOR DE
are reported Author OUEUE]
J Gallor In AGARO, Advanced Ratotcraft. Vol 11 Feb 1973
N73-102
Helcopers.Ltd
N7312103 Weslan
Hlicpter.
Wntlad
Ya~il ~nglndl7
Ld ýYeovl (nglnd)A
p in FRENCH (For availability see N473-2 1008 12-02)
method for determining flight performaSnce and flight
MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED ROTORCRAFTqulte a eerotyetirtrispened atcvr
J P iones In AGARO Advancea Rotorcuaft Vol 1 Feb vunrahlityi efecs
of vibn~rntp pefranace.
ation ronttionry flighsete
1973 6 p refs (For availability sea 1473-2100a 12-02) unrblt.efcso irto nsainr lgtpromne
The development end application of composite materials for fih otoadmitnne rnlb
4_4AIMitiuling airframes (if ve~liI lakeull arimiaft are discussitol
The properties of carbon reinforced plastics are described and 1473-2 1029 United Aircraft Corp . Stratford. Conn
specific areas of application for arrlramos and rotors are DEVELOPMENT OF THE ABC ROTOR
identifiedt The design features which produce better handling hrtKBgisInAAD dvne Rtrca.Vo 1
qualities of rotary wing a-rcraft and which *re possible by the Feb 1973 17 p refs (F'or availability "ee N73-21008 12 02)
use of improved composite materials are examined Author The development ot the advancing blade conrep? iAS3CI rotor
 02
OAIRCRAFT 4

a traced from concepion through small scalet model wui-d tunnel and moment resPOns chrsfctenitics Of heilicopter rators in
testwig, full scale analysits, design. fatbrication and ullimate wind fowaerd Mlight. Particular attent ion is given to a Proper definition
S.tunn el.saing of a 40 ft diameter roter The principal design Of thesrotor 9ote9tia flow probilem. The formulation 0.' the theory
tredeooffe resulting from the early a&naySs and testing are is concePtually based on clsassical fixed wing lrhig.fits;~ theory
discussed al"n with their oxpict-ed impact an the full scale to enhance tasversatility and provide insight about the comiplex
rotor charapcteristics. Materials and manufacturing methods phYsicall features of the rotor downwaal, distribution. The method
empiloyed are covered including the more important diffcuimes Of solution *e;Pressaes the rotor downwasft in a fourier seiese
that were surmounted during the nealoy frmv years of development. where thie coeffircients are given ". a summation of influence
FiNaly +ha major test programs are outli,id including blade fun'ctions. It is shown that the rotor wake vorticuty can be sassumed
balancing turbuno teat bed operation and full s"ale wind tunnelt to lie in a flat planar wake for a wide arneo of flight conditions.
texting fricilty up to speisci of 160 knots and advance ratios Of Ithus simplifying the Biot-Savart integ-atisor for the dowriwaslt.

planar wake
the flatelements are decomposed
.91. Sikjntficant
aoplii~ien
results
in aircraft of these
systems tests are presented.Author
dsusoad.
and into vorticity
The Sirmple Circular andin linear
elements I.) further simplify the
N73.t0I30 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford (Einglanbdl nertosAto Veovil (England)
N73-21034 Wettlaind Aircraft. Utd.
RAE EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF A PILOTED GROUND-
BASED eIMULATOR FOR HELICOPTER HANDLING THE STRUCTURE OF T4E ROTOR SLADE TOP VORTEX
C. V. Cook In AGARO Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb. 1973
STUDI~ES
kT_ Witcvy In AGARD Advanced Ro!',rcraf'. Vo. I Feb 14 p rafs lFor availability see N73-21031 12.02)
1973 J; p rf oraalbit"a s 7e 208e2-2 The results of a set of experiments to measure the velocity
Two studies using a ground-based pilot1ed flight simulator distribution through a helicopter rotor blade tip vortex are
for th* assjessment of helicopter handling qualities are described presented. The experiments ware conducted on a single full scale
The first simulation, of a Westland Wessex- was performed to rotor blade operating at a representative tip speed on a whirl
establish the simulation techniques reQuired for effective tower. The rotor was mounted in the inverted position ithrusting
representartion of handling behaviour The second study was Of downward) to reduce the ground effects and produce a steady
the Westland Lynx. and was conducted prior to the first flight flow through the rotor. The vortex velocity distnibutions were
of that helicopter in order to provide assistance in the early measured for a range of vortex ages anid a number of blade
development program Results of the two simulations sr. loadings, the highest of which was above that normally associated
discussed, and the experience gained from these tests is used with 8 hovering rotor A vortex "age" range in terms oflblade
to s"gget some requirements for valid simulation Author rotation of approximately 70 to 380 degrees of azimuth was
covered Flow visualisation using smoke was employed to
7213# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and determine the trajectory of the vortex and a hot wire aneomomerter
N73-2031#to measure the induced velocities associated with the tip
AeeRoDYenAMIC OmF rOTAYc WNG vortex. Author
Feb 1973 449 p rqft In ENGLISII partlyin FRENCH Pr~serted
at Fluid Dyn Panel Specialists Meeting. Marseilles. 13.15 SeP N1173-2103.w Georgia rInt of TechAtlanta School of Aerospace
1972Engineeriing
1C25 A VORTEX ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE BLADED HOVERINGt
1972 CP11 valNI
The peocer,-ings of a conference on the fluid dynamics of ROTOR AND A COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENTAL DATA
r clcultio an anaysi oftheRobin
ethdswngsand
rotay B. Gray and George W Brown In AGARD Aerodyn orf
aerodynamics and dynamics of rotary wing systems are presented Rotary Wing Fe19724p at(Fraaia2it)e
The subjects discussed include the following (1) calculation Of A7-13 12oeiclmthd-02)lpe o dtrinn h
rotor wake characterist"c and infle-- distribution. 12) factorsAthrecamtodidvlpdfrdtringte
geometry and strength dislvibution of the vortex wake genrarted
affecting performance Pit hover anti ugh advance ratio. (3)
desrIption of enotlylcal methods for calculating rotor unsteady by a single-bladed hovering helicopter rotor The analysis begine
aerodynamics. (4) trends in rotor blade sirfoil design. and (5) with a simple model ol the ultimate wake geometry anvdthein
proceeds to establish the corresponding nondimensional tip-vortex '
measuremnent of aerodynamic noise geonro'trd by rota1rY Wings
Faroridividu!' 319s. see N73-2 1032 through N73-21058 strength. This simple vortex-wake modelis adjusted by procedures
that ore based on the Biot-Savart low to obtain a first approxima-
tion for the tip-vortex geometry Nest, an estimate of the blade
Nli--103z United Aircraft Corp. East Hartford. Cornn ro ch4g ifudfombaeeretcnslsin.
ROTOR WAKES: KEY TO PERFORMANCE PREDICTION cleThanp, haw-x inl
frs tound foro blae-elemnesnt cosidergthsons
Anton J Landgrebe and Marvi- C Cieiiey, Jr In AGARO hnD (-t*ioraiifrtegoensadsrntuo
the verses-sheet filaments that are shed from the blade tradling;

Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb 1 )73 19 p roft (For avarlabolrty edge is desturmrneo by marching inboard from the blade top
1-02 "ii-is2~i Thus. a simrultaneous solution for the filament s-rengtl-s is not
The history of Ieirr.;- ,wrvoinanco prediction retoduitied. Futher adjustments to the wake geometry. the strenightt
aid4 the influence of rotor wakes are traced from 11`14Simple cftewwdflmns n h olciepthaemd ni
rotors to the chiurran uetinofthe-earty y mar terpropelrsams succeeding changes become acceptably small Auithor
ni
mometum t thechiurest ustaedintheearty years of Propelrsandm$teibadflmetadtecletvepthaemd
simulatilng the rotor's complex vorte% structure Antilytical and 7-13 SoitNaonlIdurweArspiaMosie
experimental techniques are described which define the geometrir (rnce).5Scit ainleIdsrsleArsaile aur
)f the vortex field of a hovering rotor ano its effect on rotor (OTRaneSTATIONARY FLIGHT AND LARGE ADVANCEMENT
terfotrmance it was concluded that the most important factor
wvhich influsfncet the pre44ction of hover performance was the PARAMETERS fROTOR EN VOL STATIONNAIRE ET A
inrterference caused by thi lip vortex during its first revolution GRAND PARAMETRE D'AVANCEMAENTJ
Integrated performance ii- forward flight was generally not J Soulez-Lariviere in AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb
sonsitve to variable inflow however. wvnen romb-nod with 1973 29 p hii FRENCH (For availability see N73-21031

unsteady airfoil data, variable infloov produced significant effects 12-02)

on blade torsional responses Authr'r A technique which permits vertics' flight by a heIc~opl
rotor is disclosed The historical development of a conduit to.
Research and Developmen! Lab,
N73-21033 Army Air MobilityCalifsir explored, after which the diverse shock fimiiuitinnt mnislationery
Moantdelt meigthd uarexmndto nistovrindcalacculta te
AN ACTUATOR '!flC THEORY FOR ROTOR WAKE performance of helicopter roto-s Tfansl by E.H.W
IDCDVELOCITIFS
Robert A Ormiston In AGARD Aerodyn of Rlutary Wings ft73-21037 Societe Nationale ;ndustrielle Aeroepatesle. Marseille
Feb. 1973 19 p raft lFir avail.-lblity see N73-2 1031 12-02)

genrrot actuator dibr. theory is presente-J for Wroicling (France)

RTRREOUIFIEMENTS BE O D T E U UALFIT
EODTEU L4I O
the timse-veraged downwash distribution and ,teactv stale force
50 02 AIRCRAFT

DOMAIN OF ONERA LARGE WINO TUNNEL AT MONOANE bound circulation on each blide, and an outboard sheet rolling
ICOMPORTEMFNT O'UN ROTOR AU-OELA DU DOMAINE up to form the tip vortex at an arbitrary angle Roll-up angle
DO VOL USUEL A LA GRANLDE SOUFFLERIE DIE MODANEI afN.' the circumferential variation of induced velocity compo-
Michel Lecarme In AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb nents but not their mean values Application of the method to
1973 14 p In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (For availability three propellers shows that accuracy of results is dependent
see N73-21031 12-02) upon realism of the assumed wake geometry Author
Several series of tests have been performed on a 4 1SO motor
diameter experimental rotor in t•ie large wind tunnel The blades N73-210410 National Aeronautics and Space Administration
stiffness aid available power of teat equipment in the wind Langley Research Center. Langley Station. Va
tunnel made a number of measurements end visualizations posasible A SUMMARY OF CURRENI REStARCH IN ROTOR
in sime severe configurations and at high tip speeds During UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS WITH EMPHASIS ON WORK
the exploration of toe test envelopes for various sets of blades. AT LANGLEY RESEANCH CENTER
a tip speed ratio of 87 waa reached, the retreating blede stall John F. Ward and Warren H Young. Jr In AGARO Aerodyr.
was studied at several values uf preset parameters, such as of Rotary Wings Feb 1973 20 p refs Prepared in cooperation
wind speed. rOtOr tip speed, rotor shah tilt. and collective prtch with Army Air Mobility R and 0 Lab. Fort Eustis. Va (For
The present rotor head is not provided with cyclic pitch control ilility see N73-21031 12-02)
Operating limits for a conventional rotor weae determined in The basic unsteady aerodynamic environment of the rotary
terms of tip speed ratio Development of retreating blade stall wing is summarized Some of the observed trends in the s.,to
is affected by the reverse flow area and vortex interactions and of the art are discussed Some of the research needs that will
this stall produces disturbances which increase as the tip speed require attention are reported A review of a number of research
ratio decreases Author invesigations as a part of a joint NASA/Army rotorcraft project
is presented The research is direcled toward achieving a better
N73.21038 United Aircrafh Corp . Stratford. Conn Sikorsky understanding of rotor unsteady airfoils The investigations include
Aircraft Div (1) rotor maneuver loads. (2) level flight and maneuver wake
AERODYNAMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING OVERALL proeiction. (3) tip-vortex flow. (41 blade-vortex interactions. (5)
HOVER PERFORMANCE dynamic stall. (6) transient Mach number air loads. and (7)
Evan A Fradenburgh In AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings development of variable geometry rotors Author
Feb 1973 11 p rels lFor availability see N73-21031 12-02)
Improvements in basic rotor design practice are described N73-21042 Office National d'Etudes at de Recherches
and results of several series of model rotor tests are discussed
Moderate values of blade root cutout are shown to have an AEROaYNAMIC FORCES COMPUTATION AND MEASURE-
unanticipated effect on hovering efficiency A large root cutout MENT ON AN OSCILLATING AEROFOIL PROFILE WITH
decreases figure of merit of the rotor, but also reduces vertical AND WITHOUT STALL
drag of a typical airframe below the rotoi. ultling the aerodynamic J. J Philippe and M Sagner in AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary
penalty to about half of what tests of the rotor alone would Wings Feb. 1973 13 p refas In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary
indicate Tests of a tilt-rotor model ýhow tial, unlike the Oc avallity see N73-21031 12-02)
conventional sing:e rotoi helicopter configuration, the rotors do Research projecvs on 0andcomputing measuring roy.2i0l
not benefit from a partial ground effect caused by the airframe namic forces on oscillating airfoil profiles are discussed The
of%the rotor downwash field The relationship of blade twist and problems created by ur-steady aerodynamic stalling of rotary wings
ground effect iS discussed, and the influence of ground proximity
are emphasized Ths exp'trimartel findings are analyzed as a
c
on Venical drag s presenred It is shown thair nt airsframe vertical function of mean argle of attack, oscillations amplitude, reduced
drou can be zero or negative when tp e aircrft is cloee to the frequency, and Mach number. Computed results ate compared
ground Additional systematic ex{perimentation is clearly needed. with experimental data Author
as is the development of theory to cover the various relationships w m
involved in overall hover efficiency Author N73-21043 Aix-Marseilles Univ fFrancel Inst de Mecanique
des Fluides.
N73-21039 Dornier-Werke Gm b H. Friedrichshafen (West AERODYNAMIC EFFORTS ON A LARGE WING PROFILE
Germany) WITH QUICK HARMONIC MOVEMENT PARALLEL TO SIEVE
THE ROTOR IN AXIAL FLOW FLOW IEFFORTS AERODYNAMIQUES SUR UN PROFIL
Herbert Zimmer In AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb DAILE ANIME DUN MOVEMENT HARMONIOUS PARAL.
1973 16 p refs For aivailabilitv see N73-21031 12.02) LELE A L'ICOULEMENT MOUVEMENT DE TAMISI
Tire abrccdnan-ic c..rhacIt!!sItcs of rotary wings under axial J Valerris end J Pabont ICNRS) In AGARD Aerodyn of
flow conditions are discussed An outline of the calculation Rotary Wings Feb 1973 14 p refa In FRENCH (For
methods is given A vortex method is used for one type of ava•lability see N73-21031 12-02)
calculation A rromenturm blade element method is appld in The effects of drag, lihl. and pitching moments on a rectangular
another case because of the widely separated fow Emphasis is wing profile system were measured Measurements were taken
placed on quick solut•iun of the equations because of the need at different incidences and different values of advancement
for frequent use in a design cycle and during performance parameters Trsnsl by EHW
cailcuelations Author prmtr
N73-21044' National Aeronautics and Space rnlb
Administration
N73-21040 Canadavr. Lid Montreal (Guebecl Langley Research Center. Langley Station. Vs
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT HOVERING A COMPRESSIBLE UNSTEADY THEORY FOR HELICOPTER
PROPELLER. ROTOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION ROTORS .1

METHOD Cherles E Hammond and G Alvin Pieice tGa Inst of Tech)

TInAGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb 1973 15 p refs
0 C Gilmore ani. I S Gartshore British Columbia Un-. I) In Prepared in cooperation with Army Air Mobility Res and Develop
,%GARD Aetnodyn of Rotary Wings Feb 1973 24 p refs Lab. F! Eustis. Va IFor availability see N73-21031 12-02)
(For availability see N73-21031 12 02) (Contract DAHC04 68 C 0004i
of
ahe evelooment of e method for predicting the performiince An aerodinamrc theory is presented which allows the
04 heavily loaded propellers and rotors in steady hovering flight 6elermination of the unsteady aerodynamic loadirg on a reference
a described The method has two particularly useful characerns- section of b helicopter rotor blade in ax AT or hoverinig flight
tics t II certain simplifying assumptions which allow consistency under compressible flow conditions The aerodynamics of the
in the analytical model to be achieved with only' a few sr,•all two dimenisonal flow model are formulated using a kernel function
scale iterations and (2) a need for only a pa-I of Ihe wake to approach By introducing the acceleration potential the govern
be specified The cnalylical model btirll up fron three basic ing integral equation loi IT,- flow and its attendant downwash
elements, includes a sing|l vortex filament shod from the tip of boundary condition are riesrilovred and solved numerically using
each blade. a vortex gheet shcd nbotaril of it e v',ni of maximum
 02 AIRCRAFT 5

* ~ rsue &W eSialumplicrt and 0 collocationi technique Tin

PM~K W F Ballhaus and F Xi CidnaIn AGARD Aerodyn of
con~renble aevotlynaim 00ios thus developed is compared Ro,.ary Wings Feb 1973 12 p refs (For aailsability sa"
analivilwaly wEhhad otWO
0r existing theories. one incompiessible 1`73 2 1031 12.02)
and one. ci'mpross.be. and is shown to agre* with these theories A numerical relaxation algorillirn Capable of Calculating the
p rovided that the iwkpptoptiete limit Is taken so that the flow transonic inviscid flow about arbitrary plantorm rotors has been
Models agree The ratio of blade oscillatory frequency to rotor developed The essential fsature of Iriis method is a transformation
rotattional frequency is sh~own to be the correlation parameter in which arbitrary planfotms are converted to rectangles and all
between the two floot models Author boundary condition probirms are transferred to the equation of
motion Preliminary numer~cat calcul itrons are presented for blades
N73-2 1045 MaesteschmirttBoalkow.Blohm G m b H .Ottobirunn of various sweeps and prc-filss It is seen that three- dimensional
(West Germanyr) effects remove sweep effsccts and can caiss shiocks which are
SOME ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN OF ROTOA-AIAFO11. locally more severe than would occur in tees swept or even
SHAPES unswept planforms The method presents itself as a means of
G Reichert anid S N Wagner In AGARC' Aerodyn of Rotary checking various rotor confrguratinrs before any tests are made
Wings Feb 1973 22 p refs (For availability see N7 "2 103 1 Author
* 12 02)
*Analytical studies have shown that performance, stability and N73-21049* National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Control of helicopters can be improved if some characiaeristics of Ames Research Center. Moffett field Calif
rotor airfodi could be changed Starting fiom given airfoit shapes A SUMMARY OF WIND TU14NEL RESEARCH ON TILT-
!hk characteristics of these airfoils are idealized by changing lift 64OTORS FROM HOVER TO CRUISE FLIGHT
curve Sloe.t maximum lift boundary and beginning of drag Cnivr .;h Poisson-Quinton and W L Cook in AGjARD Aerodyn of
gence The nifluences of these changeson the power required, the Rotary Wings Feb 1973 16 p rats iFor availability see
Stability and control of tlingeless rotor helicopters are riudreidN721)12C)
Furtermre.thedesiabl
chracerisicsof n arfoi orsavrs'An experimental research program conducted on a series of
irfoils of a rotor are defined using these idealized characteristics tilt rotors designed fcr a range o' blades twist is reported The
and analysing common missions of a given helicopter Similar lost facilities used in the programi are identified The objective
studieso oa arger field of missions and helicopters could lead of the program was to obtain pr~scrse results on the Influence
to new arear- of research and development ito design advanced of blades tivvst and aeroelasticity 3n tilt rotor performance from
profile shapes of heficoptitrs of the future Several analyii.al hover to high speed cruise Mach ruinber to 0 7 Five aluminun
tools lo- the design of airfc-is are discussed Author rigid rotors arid one fiber glass comiposite rotor were tested I
N73-104 nd eveopmnt
Ary Arab.Author
Mbilty eseach
Moffatt Field. Calif N73-21050 Naval Ship Flesearci and Development Center.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ROTOR BLADE STALL Bethesda. Md
W J1 McCroskey In AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CIRCULATION CONTROL
1973 13 p refs (For availability see N73-21031 12 021 ROTOR TECHNOLOGY
Developments in techniques for analyzing boundary layers Robert Williams /In AGARD Aerc~dyn of Rotary Wings Feb
of rotary wings are discussed the basic effects of rotation and 1973 19 p refs tFor availability see N73-2 1031 12-021)
crossflow due to fotwtird flight have been identified and found Research on the historical ccrncep, of circulation control
to be insignificant for most cases of practical interest in helicopter applied to rotor blades is presonted A high Speed helicopter
asrodynarics Within the framework of classical thin boundary application is used to illustrate the potential of this loto for a
theory unsteady viscous effects are aeso small Unsteady major breakthrough in the areas of rotor efficiency, parasite dragj
viscous-inviscid interaction appears to play an Important tole in and weights leading to a large improvement in aircraft prodtuctivity
reirertring blade stall The characteristics of retreating blade stall Details of the hover. trasnition and high sp-ird cruise perform-
are described based on vortex like disturbance from the leading ance are presented Some probletms of autorotation. vibrations
edge of the oroir bladle Author arndblade dynamics are also discussed Author
N73-21047 Royal Aircraft Establishment Fainborough f~nglandl N73-21051 MesserschmintBoelkow.Blohm Gim b H. Oflobrunn
THE DFRIVATION AND VERIFICATION OF A NEW ROTOR (West Germany)
PROFILI: ON THE BASIS OF FLOW PHENOMENA, ROME OBJECTIVES IN APPLYING HINGELESS ROTORS
AEROFOIL RESEARCH AND FLIGHT TESTS TO HELICOPTERS AND V,'STOL AIRCRAFT$
H H Pearcey. P G Wilbpy. M .1 Riley. and P Brotherhood In H 9 Huber in AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb
AGARD Aerodyn of Rotary Wings Feb 1973 18 p vaef 1973 16 p refs (For availability see N73-21031 12.02)
(;For avaflability see N7 3 2 1031 12 02) Some ol the aerodynamic. dynamic and aeroetastic problems
An account is given of some of the considerations thet in ru.or design for helicopters and VJSTOL-arrcraft are discussed
syoverned the derivation of new profiles to be incorporategd in After a short description of the main features of the hingefess
the design of the rotor blades for the Lynx helicopter at its rotor concept the most important research and design areas of

inception The changies relativu to the NACA 0012 pro!..ri were the system are indicated Attention is giver. to the flapping and
consiervative but v'rre chosen to give consistent and sol.it~iicant iriplane stiffness of the blade root section. the aerodynamic end
alt round improvements to the shock-induced limits on the dynamic blade design. the rotor hub geomt~ary and the control
advancing blade to the retreating blade thrust limits and to the system flexibility The aerootastic characteristics and eome
The conservatism applied esipecially to the Stalling characteristics experimental studies inctude control an1 flight dynamic char-
which play such a dominant pert in limritn rotor performance acteristics structural lrreds. damping behaviour and seroolastic
but which are So difficult to predict for the rotor environment stability Analytical results are compared with lest data SAWe
The profiles were derived on the basis of steady flow aerofort on these results some design criteria are provideu ar.,1 recom-
tests but qualitativefy similar imrnpovemrents havf teen vefrfeil mendations are made for a successful application or rirrieless
in oscillatory aerofort tests and in fligf.* A technique used in rotor systems on helicopters and lilting prop; rotor aircraft$
the ls!1er 1ti3sn ,3 de~ihrii-it o measurir-o pressure distributions Author
along the blade chord and across the blade wake in the region
of the rotor tip in flight Author
N73-2 1062 SIAI Marchetti S p A Varese 'ltalyi
N73-21048 Army Air Mobility Heseatch and Development Lab . AERODYNAMICS OF HELICOPTER COMPONENTS OTHER
Moflett Field Calif THAN ROTORS
THE EFFECT OF PLANFORM SHAPE ON THE TRANSONIC Angelo Blosco In AGARD Aetodyn of Rotary Wings Feb
FLOW PAST ROTOR TIPS 1973 16 p refs lFor availability see N73 2 103 1 12 021
(Contract DAJA37 72 C 1998)
52 02 AIRCRAFT

The o*ecis of paramreters other then rotary wings on tsew discrete frequency noose. low frequency broadband noise and
performan a of herlicopters are diacussed Speific *xamnples for high frequency broadband noose. The spectrum characterietics
the desin 'A the SV-20A winged helicopter are presented Wind and the directivity patterns of each of these sources have been
tunnell tests to isolate aetrodyinamic intearfefrences and to cotifirm examined as a function of the blade tip speed. the total rotor
gerodyrrersic analyses are described The application of nonroastrrg thrust and the measurement angle retlative to the rotor disc
component aerodynamics to opt imuzation of the frelbcopeor design plans The trends associated with the overall noise, which is
is repwred Author dependent on the relative magnitude of the individuAl sources.
have also beeto studied. These results have been compared,
1173-110631 Lou~ghborough Univ of Technology (Engiand) where possible, with the trends given by theoreticaf and
FUNDAMENIAL CONSIDERATION OF NOISE RADIATION sairnrempiricat prediction methods Time history traces are also
BY AOTARY WINGS included, the"e show that even under deal conditions rotor noise
Murtmn V Lawson in AGAAO Aorodyn of Rotary Wings Feb. is impulsive, in natu~s Author
1973 18 p refs Sponrsored by NASA and Nell Gas Turbine
Estab. (For availability see N73-21031 12-021
An historical review of progress in understanding of rotor
irorse is presented Initial work was principally on propellers, but N73 2192010 Ailviso;y Group for Aerospace Research and
has many obviotus applications to noise from rotary wings Current Docvelopirrent Paris iFrancel
understanding of rotor noise radiation is then reviewed cin somte HELICOPTER BLADE FLUTTER Revision of Part 3.
detail The principal noise sources appear to be It) discrete Chapter 10 of AGARD Manual on Aeroelasticity
frequency due to distorted inflow. 12) low frequency broadband N D Ham (MIT. Cambridge) Jan 1973 37 p refs
due to turbulent inflow, and 131 high frequency broadband dueIA FDR.01Ail TS C40
to tic) effects On a haticopter rotor eac'i of these sources seems Methodse of analysis of helicopter blade flutter fo: both hinged
to be intimately connected with the shed vortex wakes Tip end hingeless blades are presented The major types :onsideroed
modifications offer one method for controlling the affects The are bending-torsion flutter, ftaplag flutter, and stall flutter eo.'rj
implications for the deosi~gnias- discussed Rotor subjective noise hover and forward flight aie considered Means of avoirling flutter
levels appear to obey a vetocity to the eighth power law, are described Author
independent of thrust Experriments to rectify some of the
present dehicienciers in knowted(:,e are suggested Author

N73-21064 Sogazici Univ. Istanbul (Turkey) N 73-21931 # Advisory Group for Aerospace Researcht and
WAKE CHARACTERISTICS OF A TWO DIMENSIONAL Developrrernt. Paris (France)
ASYMMETRIC AEROFOIL AERODYNAMICS OF ROTARY WINGS
Ibrahim fKsvrak In AGARD Aerodyn Rotary Wirr'gs Febt Norman 0 Ham (MIT) Mar 1973 9 p refs Presentsd at
1973 7 p refs iFor avaitability see N73-21031 12.02) Fluid Dyn Panel Specialists Meeting. Ma-seilte. 13-15 Sep. 1.172
The p.-ocess by wh-ch dipole noise is generated bhy the (AGAFtO-AR-6 1. AGARO-CP- I 11) Avail NTIS HC S3 00
turbulent wake behind an airfoil is discustied The characteristics The piroceedings of a conference to discuss the aerodynamics
of the wake are investigated end compared to the drag and till of rotary wings are presented The subjects discussed are (1)
coefficiartts as well as the noise radiated It is concluded that roltor wakes. (2) rotors at hover and at high advance ratio. (31
bath the dreg coefficient and the generated noise are closely rtwor unsteady airloeds (4) rotor airfoils. (5) rotor configural~tirs,
related to the turbulent shar in the separated flow area The and 16) noise generated by rotary wings P fit F
maximum velocity defect is shown to be an important parameter
whrichr affects both the performance and the noise intensity
Author
M73-24042# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research aritl
N73-21065 Societe Nationals Indlustrielle Aeroepatiste. Marseille Oevelo~ment. Paris (F'rencel.
(France) AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE: PREDICTION METHODS AND
MEASURE OF HIFLICOPTER NOISE DURING FLIGHT OPTIMIZATION
IMESURIES OE SRUIT D'HELICOPTERES EN VOLI J Williams. ad Mar. 1973 345 p refs In ENGLISH anid
i~arnand DAmbra. Joan-Pietrre Oedreu. and Alain Julienne 1UNERA. partly in FRENCH
Oratilon. Franca) In AGARO Aerod~rn of Rotary Wings Feb 4AGARD-LS-56) Avail NTIS HCS51925
1973 l6prefa In. FRENCH. ENGLISH summary IFor availability The development and application of aircraft performance
"se N73-21031 12-02) prediztton methods are developed Th" metthods are applred to
Noise measurements have been performed on several subsonic arid supersonic aircraft The basic topics discussed
heficopters. These teets were aimed toward a complete survey include (1) range and radius capabilities, (2) takeoff and tending
of helicopters internal and external nos levels in seiveral flight operations, and (3) aircraft maneuvers Problems of aerodynamic
corinditio Data an-lysiss of flovier tests follows conventional prediction, aircraft mass estimation, and engine selection are
aircraft's aoustical certificatlion procedure Test results are included Parametric and optimization techniques for aircraft design
corrected to duplicate nominal flight path and standard stmotophrre synthesis areo reported For individual titles. sea N73-24043
condrtions in several noise units A statistical analysis of maximum through N73-24054
noise levels has been performed and results are presented with
their confidence ldvel The uset of the tralectography equipment M73-2404-3 Min~stry of Defence, London lEngland) Project
grants in addition the exact timing of scousti:al spectra from Performance Analysis Section
whrich directivity patterns of noise radiated from the complete RANGE AND RADIUS-OFACTION PERýORMANCE
aircraft in flight and from particular noise sources can be PREDICTION FOR TRANSPORT AND COMSI:T AIRCRAFT
obtained Author Robert K Page In; AGARD Aircraft Performance Prediction
Methods anid Optimilation Mar 1973 32 p rofe (For
N73-21066 Westlanid Helicopters. Ltd. Veowdif England) availability see N73-24042 15-02)
7HF NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF A LARGE CLEAN Numerical methods for determining the range and radius of
ROTOR action performance of transport and combat aircraft are presented
John W Leverton In AGARD Aerodyrt of Rotary Wings Feb The data required for the prediction process are explained
1073 14 p refs iFor availability see N73-21031 12-02) Conditions which govern the choice of method to be used are
A 2-bladed 50-ft diamerter rotor was run on a tower in on analyze~d The following parameters are examined to show the
effect on srrcreft range (IlIoptimum cruising speeds. (2) cruise
inverted motde so that the problem of recirculation and the height schedules and integrated range. (3) effect of various aircraft
difficulties of measuring noise directivity characteristics could be and engine characteristics Mathematical models are included to
overcome This paper ourlines the analysis procedure used and support the theoretical concepts and tables of data are provided
presents the detailed results obtained From a practical p~oint of to show application of data Author
view rotor noise can be considered :o consist of rotational or
02 AIRCRAFT 53

0073-24044 Royal Aircraft Establishmrent. Fornborcouh (England). N73-24049 DOsing Co.. Seattle. Wasoh Cormmercial Amrplarte
Aerodynamics Dept 0iv
AIRFIELD PERFORMANCE PREDICTION METHODS FOR PARAMETRIC AND OPTIMISATION TECHNIQUE$ FOR
TRANSPORT AND COMBAT AIRCRAFT AIRPLANE DESIGN SYNTHESIS
Jdohn Williams In AGARD A-rcral' Performance Predicton Archord E Wallace hI AGAflO Aircraft Performance Predoction
11e11001dila" Optimization Mar 1973 56 p *ft (For Methods and Optimizatio~n Mar 1973 67 p rots (For
oavdabdhrtV aee N73-24042 16-02) avaiIubity see N73-24042 16-02!
Methiods forevaluating and predicting the airfield performance Aircraft design synthesis for various conditions of perform-
Of turbojet an turbofan aircraft operating in conventional end ance and load cartryng capacity is discussed The subjects
short takeoff modas are developed Airf*ied performance presented are (1) parametric evaluation techniques. (2) optoimisa-
parameters include (1)accalerating and cteclarating ground run. tion avaluation techniques. and II3) computeriauid airplane design
42) rotation to liftoff and from touchdown. I~s) airborne flare, up synthiesis Charts are developed to show the elements of syntheuis.
and out, arid (4) climb and descant approach The aircraft principal lines of data flow tor aircraft design. propulsion
configuration$s to whichi the data apply are described The factors p.rameters. aerodynamic parameters. and optimnization inrithodS
involved in airfield performance prediction are formulated Author
separatefy for takeoff and landing operations The sensitivity of
airfield performance comparisons to the specific choice of technical N73-24060 $r,-ete Nationat@ Industrielle Aerospatiale. Paris
and operational assumptions is illustr~led Author (Ffriance
DISCREPANCY BETWESE4 APPROVAL AND MODERNISM
N73-24045 Dornier-Worke Gmb H, Friedmrichhafen ([West G Durras In AGARD Aircraft Pstiormance Prediction Methods
Germany) Flight Mechanics Dept and Optimization Mar 1973 3 p (Fo; availability see N73-24042
FLIGHT MANOEUVRE AND CLIMB PERFORMANCF 15-02)
PREDICTION The characteristics of aircraft flight manuals and their formars
Haribart Friedet In AGARD Aircraft Performance Prediction for presentation of information are discussed A specific example
Methods and Optimization Mar 1973 51 p refs (For of the take-oft performance chart is developed Discrepancies in
availabillity see N73-24042 15-02) performance data which arise from different methods of
Methods for predicting aircraft flight maneuver and climb compiling and computing the information are cited A diagram
performance are presented The methods ara based on the of a typical takeoff chart to show the interrelationships of outside
equations of motion in a vertical and in a horizontal plane The air temperature, flop setting. aircraft weight, speed ratio, runway
problems concerning the point performance values are explained slope, and wind velocity and their effect on takeoff distance is
The relationship between excess pwrand loadfatrndhericud ulo
influence on climb; and turn performance are discussed Methods
for evaluating the Mach-dependent performance values and the N73-24061 Techniache Hogesct-3it. Ocift [Nathertands)
rotated optimum values are reported Author AN ANALYTICAL EXPRESSION FORI THE BALANCED FIELD
LE NGTH
N73-24046 Service Technique Aerornautique. Pons ([France) E Torenbeek in AGARO AirciatPisih are .it
THE ESTIMATION OF AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS Methods and Opitizetion Mar 1973 8 p refs(For availability
NECESSARY FOR PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS see N73-24042 15-02)
C Liervens, In AGARD Aircraft Performance Prediction Methoe% A tractable analytical expression for Ihe balanced field length
and Optimliztion Mtirt 1973 28 p in FRENCH (For availability of a civil aircraft to be used in parametric design studies is
"se N473-24"42 15-02) presented It is demonstrated that in the project design stage. a
Aerodynamic coefficient~s sre used to utudyr the performarce detailed solution of the equations of motion and the graphical-
of scale and wind tunnel mrodels of transport aircraft Data cover numerical processes for the definition of the decision point can
fuselaeo reactions- boundary layer evolution, and differences in be avoided without serious loss of accurac-y Mathematica models
results for the two models Particular attention was given to are prepared to show the method for analyzing aircraft takeoff
the effects of boundary layer flow separation. boundary layer perflormance Diagrams are included to show the phases of
evolution, boundary layer reaction near ftighit and attack edge. taki;201 which influence the aircraft performanice anid forces exerted
and shock wove interaction with the boundary layer on the aircraf: during the takeoff phases Author
Tranill by E H W
N 73-24062 Cornier Wi,;,ke G m b H Friedrichshillei OWest
T
M73-24047 Service echnique Aeronautique. Paris Fr'ance) Germany)
AIRCRAFT MASS SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO FLI~a.:- MANOEUVRE AND
C Vivier and P Cormier Ir AGARD Aircraft Performance CLIMB PERFORMANCE PREDiCTION
Prediction Methods and Optimization Mar 1973 21 p In P Foorster In AGARD Aircraft Performance Predictii'- Methods
FRENCH (For blt s.ee N473-24042 15-02) and Optimization Mar 1973 8 p (For availability see N73 24u.!'
A study *as made of mo',hods used to astimate aircraft 1 502)
moss and the effects of that mass on the aircraft performance A numerical analysis of the minimum time climbing procedure
hians) by E H W for aircraft is presented The procedure is defined as the locusý
of all tangent podints of the const ant energy lines and the constant
0073-240445 National Aeronautics and Space Administration specific excess power lines on the performance chart In a simil~jr
Lewis Research Coenter Cletveland. Ohio manner, iho minimum fuel climbing procedure is defined t-,, a
ENGINE SELECTION FOR TRANSPORT AND COMBAT locus of all tangent points of the rrnnltant energy maniluverabilily
AIRCRAFT index lina- and the %;r,,-- specific ene,,,i- lines S[,t)cific
James F Ougen. Jr in AGARD Aircraft, Perfo~mance Prediction application of the methods to a tycrical subtonic zcicraft is
Methods and Optimization Mar 1973 55 p efaf iFor analyzed Aur..!rr
r--ailabiloty see N73-24042 15-02)
CSCL 21IA N473-24053 Hawkerr Sirideltitr Aviat~ion Ltd Siough linglandl
The procedures for selecing engines for transport and MINIMUM TIME IFIAJsrCTOftY COMPUTATION DEVELOP
combat aircraft during the design process are presented The MENT Of THE SALAKRISHNAN METHOD
types of aircraft considered are ill a long haul conventional P Middletorn /I AGARO Aircraft Performance PredictionI
tiske." and landing transcomrt (2) a short haul vrtfical ,gk""f Methoda rind Optimization
2 Msr 1973 81p let Iror availability
and landing transport. 13) a long range supersonic transport. is-v Nt7324049 '5-0 ,
arnd (441 a fighter aircraft The influence of aircraft noise ihe development of a computer program lot detefrmining
nornic characteristics of supercritical wings and their effect on method discussed, the state and contirol variables are considered
engine selecton are reported Author at 5 number of discrete points and a path through the matrix

of thee values is computed fur the solution The gradient method

 54 02 AIRCRAFT

~ of computation in which the equation$ of motion ameintegrated N73-27003 Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab, Wright-Pattersion
at each ilteration is described Mathematical models and graphs AFS. Ohi~o Prot otype On,
aau included to support the theoretical considerations Authr A REVIEW OF THE US TRI-SERVICE V/STOL PROGRAMS
Barmard Lindenbeum and Daniel E Froga in AGARD Mil
N73-24i064 RoYal Aircraft Establrshment, Farnbo.ough lEngland) Appi of V/STOIL Aircraft, Vol 1 Apr 1973 17 p refsa For
REVIEW OF TWO MIETHODS OF OPTIMIZING AIRCRAFT availability sele N/3-27000 18-02,
DESIGN A brief history of the U S To-Service V/STOL Programsi
0 L I Kirkpatrick In AGARO Aircraft Performanc. Prediction fpoelrbaa rplins StmI fo
Methods and Optimization Mar 1973 p 14 (For availability preseaircrand as rpresente poll-by ted tlrreedstincsytly iffen
s
see N73-24042 15-02) deslign concepts found in the XC-142A. X-19 and X-22A are
Two methods of ofitimaizna aircraft design are discussed examined. A comparison of the basic characteristics of these
One is srnanalyti-cal method of Optimizing three of the pnincipat aircraft is provided in hover and vertical flight, transition and
tdesign variables of a siheonic swept wing let transport aircreft STOL l~ight aied flight in the conventional mode This includes a
and demonstrated how optimum design is affaed-oc by changles dticcssion of vehicle performance and efficien,!ies. handing
in mission reQuirements. operational constraints, and assumed Qaualities. and method of flight control in addition A Summary of
design changes The other method uses an aircraft design the major actidents atwseited with these programs is presetnted
program cou-4*d with the multivariale ansalyis technique to as well as a brief discussion of the irt pact of technology
optimize 15 aircrat, design variables using equations to represent improvements on future propeller driven VTOL josigns Author
the sei )dynsmic ctraraclerrstics of the wing anid highliftt devices.
the msAses of all the various aircraft components. and Phe eligine N7-70 one-ek mbH rerc~ae Ws
performance Ato 7-70 one-ok m H rerchfnf
AuthorGermany)
00 31 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM: RESULT11 AND
CONCLUSIONJ OSTAINEU AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
(PROGRAMME EXPERIMENTAL 00 31: RIESULTATS
N 73 2700041 OSTENUS ET CONCLUSIONS A TIRIER POUR L-AVENIN)
Advisory Group for Aerospace Research end Radoslair Draganow and Heina Max Ir AGARE) Mil Actio of
Development. Paris (France) V/STOL Aircraft Vol I Apr 1973 15 p refs In FRENCH
MILITARY APPLICATIONS OF V/STOL AIRCRAFT. (For availability see N73-27000O 18-02)
VOLUME I The technical aspects of the Dormier 31 V] STOL aircraft
Apr 1973 145 p refs Partly in ENGLISH anid partly in and the research protect leading to production of the aircraft
*FRENCH Presented at 41st meeting of the flight Mach Panel are discussed The follovwing problems of V/ STOL aircraft operation
Of AGARD. Brussels. 23-25 Oct 1972 are discussed I1l control of the engine system. 421 stability and
*(A6ARD-CP-tI26-Vol 1) Avail NTIS HC 592^5 control in hover and transition. (3) let interference effects. (41
The rccsedings of a r-orlrciarer~c or. -,he mitt!1arV anid groLurrd ..,csior efilevs. anIj ")I nieii pri.rN--
rp!ctoxecirculation
Of V/ STOL aircraft are presented Past developments on Author
experimental V/STOL aircraft as well as current Military doctrine
and oporatior~al experience are discussed Ongoing and new N73-27006 Marine Aircraft Wing (2d). Cherry Point N C
development Piograms are reviewed to porovde isibili~ty to AVISA HlARMER CONCEPT AND OPERATIONAL Pih-
potential new capabilit~es Future military applications for V/StOL FORMANCE. US MARINE CORPA
aircraft in terms of currently perceived operational req,,rements T H Miller. Jr !rtd C M Baker Warine Aircraft Group 32
were analyzed For indiv.dual titles. see N73-2 7001 th~ough 6eaulolt. S Cl In AGARO Mil Appi of V/STOL Aircraft
Nf73-27013
Vol 1 Apr 1973 6 p (For availability see Nf72 27000
18.02)
1`073-27001 Massachusetts Irst of Tech . Carribrid ~s The design concept and operational performance of the AV go
A REVIEW OF PAST A0ARD, NATO ACTIONS ON V/STOL Harrier sircish are discussed An analysis of the U S Marine
*AIRCRAFT AND (HEIR APPLICATIONS Corps requirements and employment of the aircraft for military
FA H Miller In AGARD Mil Appl of V/STat. Aircraft. Vol 1 purposes is presenterd The use of V/STOL aircraft in various
Apr 1973 3 p (For availab-ily, so* Nf7327000 18-02) military situations is reported AuthorI
The 1989 meeting was convened in order to review the
results of an AGARD study. V/STOI. Comparison Study. conducted N73-27006 Verernigte Flugtechnische Werka GmbHN Bremeni
byvan ad hoc group of specialists in late 1968 and 1969 and (West Germany)
published as AGARD Advisory Report No 18 This study reviewed VAK 191 U EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM FOR A V'STOL
the status of existing technrology. giving details of the many STRIKE-RECCE AIRCRAFT
*VTOL vehicles which had been built and the lessions learned Roll Riccius and Werner Smobotta In AGARO Mil Appi of
from their flight exprtaiences The report then reviewed *;I*mannerV/TLAraf.Vl1 pr97 18prf(Frviabit
in which further research could bie exprecterl 0c increase the see Ff73-27000 IS 321
effec0tiveness of such vehricles and the potential mission improve -The design, development arid flight characteristics of the
mnarta which would result The mi~ssions cons-dered wer attack. VA K 191 b strike/ reconnaissance aircraft eas presented The
transport anld rescue Finally a r*searn program was outlined subtects discussed are (1I1research and developmnent test program.
which hopefully would ensure achieving these improvements (2) control systems. 131 longitudinal reisponse f41 hovering and
Author vertical Rlight path characteristics. (5) flight control systemn
Marel Ai~on
N73-700 essuliereuet viaion Sant.transition characteristics, and (6; growth potential Author
Cloud (France) N73-27007 Canadair. Ltd . Montreal (Quebec)
WIND TUNNEL FOCUSING POiNT STUDY AND FLIGHT TESTING AND EVALUATION OF THE CANADAIR CL-B4
TEST OF ASSULT MIRAGE 3 5 EITUDIE 6T MiE AUI TILT WING V STOL AIRCRAFT
POINT EN SOUFFLERIE ET EN VOL DIE L'AVION DASSAULT F C Phillips In AGARO IMit Appi of V, STOL Aircraft. Vol I
MIRAGE 3 S1 Apr 1973 13 p refs (For availability see N73 27000 18 021
GCl eftichensont fIn AGARD Mit AppI of V/STOL Aircraft. Avail NTIS
Vol 1 Ap: 1973 15 p fr. FRc-NCH (Fo. availabilit-, s~ac h atn rdeaut~io 1cC 1tl rgV T
Nf73 27000 18.02) aircraft are discussed The subjects presented are III the CL 84
Flight transition anid control problemns of the Mirage 3 (5) prototype program. 121 evauat-aon program Ill operat-orial
atiick aircraft are studied during flight and in wind trznni.(a experience 14) application to specific m~lE-taV roles and ISI
Oats cover flight variations caused by exhaust longitullinal instrumrentl flying~ evalusr"2i Ait hor
skidding effects. and lift A compairison was made cif Iasi
-suits Trarixl by E H W U73-27008Avions Marcel Dassault. Saint Cloud (France)
EXPERIENCE ACGUIRED DURING THE COURSE OF
 K02 AIRCRAFT 655

FLUGHT TE316 AND OPERATIOINAL UTILIZATION OF Apr 1973 2 p lFor availability "se N73-27000 16-02)
BREGUET 941 STOL AIRCRAFT 1EXPERIENCIE ACQUISE A sirvey of the V/STOL wrapon system devetiopmerris in
AAV COUR$ DES ISSAIS th VOL ET IN UTfLUSATION Gefrma-y or with German ponicatioin is presented The rattionale
1hrthn1ria
9Alfrdvloigsottkef skofarrf
IOPIRATlONNIELLE Of LAVIONS STOL SREGUET fo deoopi sh ntkof avt in thenengineiag lso takeoff
arrf
J Caince nhewm ;n AGARD Mil. Appi of V/STOL Aircreft.
Vol12is 197 n FENCH(Fo evalabutyaircraft
Ap rts are aescribed The reasons for not formulating concrete
oft Fr73-27000 18-02) military requirements for shsort lakaoff aircraft are enumerated
the history a" pettlormance principles C4Othe Serguot 941Auho
STOL aircraft atespresented Problems ericounteoed during ~thie At
course of fligh tests and olutiviions adopted are f,.:*nr Toot data
cov er huiang qieilmois. operational characteristics. rolling staiirlty,
on' the ground. and flight Qualities Transi by E H W N32S~ dioyGopfrAreeeRsac
ad Sace dminstrtion
N73-700r NotonalAeroautcs Oevelolpmeint. Porns (France)
* ~ N -2
Wsintn 0W NaiC lArnuisadSaeAnitain INFLUENCE OF PILOT AND AIRCRAFT CKARAii;TItlSTIC6
Wsahsgton.DCW! STRUCTURAL LOADS IN OPERATIONAL PUGHT
NASA PROPULSIVE UFT STOL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM i A Iturgeon May 197.' 29 p refs
Gerald G Kayten end William S Aikan in XGARD Mit Appi (AGARD-h-SOB) Avail NTIS hC 53 6
ics adn cbes e noeutoe pdc
of V/STOL Aircraft. Vol I Apr 1977% 4 pi (For availabilityvSm
CseeN7.200 8- tionsa are derceribed znd compared with flight teat cordito.,oe it
CACNASC p*posv-ittcnlWpormfrso aolv concluded tha erros I-.~ flight tinslruraiontatioon and physiologica
airrf NisAdsusd:h ecnoog program. forbsortn taengin
propulsive-lit cues he" a subatantuel inA&ftnc* on control capability, A unified
aiwrcrf is isusedtoaumn theprplielift
t trofnventionel
pogrssntally strategy for Nlight in oll operst-onel cor-Jitions is required to
pwer s ustedtalt mo rtagmntth ito senilycnvninlrduce the"e problems A stttagy. ai,'eld at mainmising structural
of
P otetallrimousarrtant apprslingcodtions
weeoirrgns th t reopusiedlf lo5ds and aerodynamic problems in all fligh. condritionis. is proposed
codtion aroie reorhfted that wil restore to pilot and autoptilot fli" poe e stabritv
1sý%
icrf th poperatisg
de-s statednthahor jearivus fricalt
hchaalsicruier-i
information on the design. develoipment. operation. and regulationinpthadyw
Author are madeafor, improving
operating in the Stock free modep Proposalhr reduce
of propuilsive-lift aircraft the reqluiremenits of flight instruments to control p.icblems
duiing comrplex mnenurvras and flight in severe wird shzer
01732710
e avllnd#If~s C.Ltd. Oownsvidw conditions Author
(Ontario)
THE SUFFALO,'SPEY JET-STOL RESEARCH AIRCRAFT
DCWhittley in AGARD Mi1 Appi of V/STOL Aircraft. VolI
Apr 1973 13 po refs Sponsored in part by NASA (For
availal~ility see N73-27000 18-02) Advisont, Group for Aerospaice Research and
CSCL 01C N73-2779O
The program to design ard build a Buffalo/Spey Augmentor Oevekopauent. Paris IFranca)
AENTATIONGOAIESC11'sR .PRT
Wing researcn aircraft is Cresented The development oan'GOOCU

internally blown flap systemwfor the gitnertion of poviered liftýUMNA-o

is discussed Modification, development and testiog of the Jun 1973 89 p refts-
Rolls-Royce Spyengine are reported The ground tests and IAGARO-R6577-Pt-2) Avail NTIS HC SO S
The factors which affect thes handing characteristic, of
first flights of the aircraft are described end the applicatilo of V/STOL aircraft are discussead The criteria are based on several
the internally blown flop concept forshort takeoff military transport
Aujthor information
sourc47 of toest to include It) analyicall studiest. (2) piloted
sicreft I* proposed simulator 43) flight tests, and (4) speiaiitlly equipped vi gjle
* N7-271
1BriishAirraftCor Wabrige Engandstabiiity, aircraft arti helicopters The resultts of the tests inwceivrg
MILITARY ASPECTS OF CIVIL V, STOL AIRCRAFThnrinan tbiyarpeetdineriifom Ahr
N W Soorer In AGARD Ml Apt), of V/STOL Arfcrft. Vol 1
Apr 1973 12 p ref tFor availability see N73-27000 18-02)I
The rationale of developing a military tictical sh-oil takeoff N7'-31964c Advisory Gruip for Aerospace Research .:nd
Ftranspoin aircraft in an evolutionary pattern in parallel withi the
daeslopmon? of civ)! short tak-off@-:,0It s presented The main
0--urlopme .1 Paris Fifance)
ESCAPE MEASURES FOR COMBAT HELICO)PTER CREWS
characteristics of military and civil short takeoff aircraft are Awl 19 73 39 p refs
described The milirary requirements and operational considera- AfiARD AR 62) Avail NTIS tHC S4 00
lions of the short takeoff transport aircraft are deofined Author A study was ;onducted 10 determineS the requiremients and
Ch&a8ct8rrslICS Of escape fvslems ',)i use with helicopt.rs it
N72-7')2 Aeonatr~il
Ssles Dv WrghtPaterso AP 0e stated lh.d 011Cap45systems are feasitble but that the rotrry
iv.Wriht PttesonAFSwing
11413-2012Ae~rinotiIIISystms creste rhe idealesl obsta~le to emergency seat election
SELECING STOLTRANPORTIt was rec-mme.1cdzd that helicopter ehrspe concepts be
SredETN
DOArc StO InRAANSPORT p o /S Arrat considered untiet fle following calegotte% ill an escape

FrolI Opto 19r 9nAGýi t (Forits ofiatV1see Aircraft. system for ,Itlrolil Ito helicopters alteadv III -odoirction or inl
V
8pr-7092r
o1 f I o v al b l ty s e N7 - 7 0 a p e 3 yste rr (or a n e ar toern- so lut ion end 131
serv ice (2 1 an e soc
rhe procedures lor cIdentifying the proper characteristics of an osp system for a for term solution The conclusion of the
a shrt akeff
aicrafranpof usng urrnt nd aststudy was that ai eslricitlable escape system is practKIca oiy It
aevehormettaeoffortrasare aircrafedTh usingcurren anclde 1) it requires an absolute minimum of development lime and does
deve~lopmesint effopotsaren disusemd/The systemurs includeanc1d require major changes icr the heticopte The only likely canidalos
poerid/lft sstes () avaned
feasbledesgnsincrportin o satisfy the requirement are mar~usl bailout or sidewarl
systems finciurirrg composite structures). (31 high flotation landing Ato
election ,to
gears. (14) vulrerabitit,, protection. (51 uperating margins and
criteria. 16) ercifth handling qualities. 171 operating constraints.
and 1S) costs Author M4198 dioyGopfrArsaeRssc n
Devalopment Paris (France,
N7-71 Sundesminister lusr Verterdigung Bonn (West SEILTSM TNGON HLCP~ OO 9DC
GERAyl OMET ON FUTURE V/'STOL REQU IRE-NT O0# AisrGou
Aug
973 50 protsMostly in EN&;LISrl. partyv in FRENCH
MENT Con hod atMiln. 3 31Mar 1973
UveMloeser V:TOLAircaft VolI
AptI oAGRD (GARDCP 22.AGARD*CP 122) AalNI C195
56 02 AIRCRAFT

Th rcs~iso 0a coniference onl mietfstods tot posidicting Specilists Meeting on Helicopter Rotor Prediction Methods Aug
the dynamic loads onhelicopter rotors aerpresented The subject5 1973 12 p rsfs (For availability see N74-1090S 02-02)
discussed of 1)rotary wing design technlseogy. (2) rotor sys~tem A review is presented of the assumptions end techniques
evalluatron using heioter flight ejenustaton program. 13) Ioad formyeotigthe bases for detailed computaticon of rotor loadst Tyvpca
Prediction methods tot hNtgelress rotor helicopters. and 14) correlation results showing the effects of variable inflow arid
integrated rotor/body loads peowctrori For individual tritles. stas unsteady aerodynamics on blade stresses and control Iced, are
N7410IO9 through Nrd4-1091S preseented These effects are shown generally to imrpfrove the
accuracy of predictied resuilts A discussion of areas where further
0174-110909 Kaerman Aerospace Corp Sloomfieldi. Con work can be expected to provide a stronger technical foundation
ROTARY WING DESIGN METHODOLOGY totr present analyses is presented The pnner~palt areas include
Andrew Z Lemnoos. In AGARD Specialists Meeting on Helicopter more detailed modeling of (1) the dynamic stall process. I to
Rotor Prediction Methods Aug 17 14prf(Fr define unsteady dreg. irroio,and blade sweep effects). (2) blade
a"e N74-10906 02-02) 1931 es(o vdbfyletting surface affitcts (to model moore accurately blaide-vortes
A nonlinear aeroelastic ulade loads analyses is descnibad for interaction effects) and 3) airframe dynamics effactos Ito define
calculating the coupled responses. airloads deostnbutions arid more accurately the dynamic coupling betweeni blade and hub
iperlormance of helicoptei rotors The ana:yqtis is divided into motions) Author
two major paris IIll calculation of M~ade tranobiont stabolity behavior
by meoans ol linearized. coupled equattions of motion. (21,calculation
of Periodic blade doynamicl; and airloads distributions using fully N74-10913 Be.. Helicopter Co. Fort Worth Tax
ccoupled- noninei
ofmoionTheanayss
euaion icluesROTOR SYSTEM DESIGN AND EVALUATION USING A
oEfOPmotioT GENERALa PURPOSEn SIMULATIONincude
six response modes end two input control modo-a The equations PROGRAM UPS EIOTRFGTSMLTO
of motolion include all nonlinear inertial coupling effects and PRichAMdI ennI GR pcait arn . flcpe
otononliea "reodyvhmic effects such as reverse flow- Mach number RictordPredctinMethoIn AugA 197cia1isp rattin(oaraviaislicol
variations, large induced flow angles unsteady aeroodynamics.RorPedcinMtdsAg17 15pef o ailbiy
and variable inflow Adt;.Iional feature$ 3o thts analysis are the seeN-(dA10)901) 02.02)
iniclusin of feedback mechanical coupling among the assumed New helicopter rotor systems are designed and ieristing
modesandteicuinO
,igsaddmt.frec configurations are evaluated by means of a general purpose
an0411 tenlsnosrigan dmprfoeActho helicopter flight simulation computer program Discussed on this
paper are both the analysis iincorporated in the program and
exampies of the results obtained from the program The three
11074-110010 Boeing Co. Philadelphia. Pa Structures Staff major Parts ot the analysis are 1I) mathematical model of an
CURRENT LOA )6 TECHNOLOGY FOR HELICOPTER elastic rotor based on the modal technique- 12) rotor aerodynamics.
ROTORS end (31 basic rigid vehicle flight mechanics. The interrelastionrlitp
Richard Gabel rIn AGARD Specialists Meeting on Helicopter among these three parts tire discussed The progrem has been
Rotor Prediction Methods Aug 1973 11 p res IsFor availability ured in support of the following phases of rotor systirm design
"aeN74- 10900 02-021 arid evaluation I1l rotor blade frequency placement (21 windc
Predict-on of tatigue design toads is essential for proper tunnel simulation. (3) steady state flight simulation. and (4)
sizing of helicopter rotor systems Thf C 60 -,tor loads computer trainsient or maneuvering flight simulation ALIo
progiam is discussed It incorpo.ates the effects 24 airfoil section
geoometry. compressibility stall, three dimensional flow unsteady
aerodynamics, and nonuniform ir'irv to provide reliatlr. rotor
loads for steady-state flight condicions evon int the blade stall
regic'i Rotor loads predict.on$ 3re compared with actual flight N74. 10914 Westland Heclicopters. Ltd Yreouil (England)
test data from Boeing CH 47 and Modal 347 holicopters An THE PREDICTION OF LOADING ACTIONS ON HIGH SPEED
approach to co-nponent s-.2mg is presented in which a fatigue SEMI-RIGlD HELICOPTERS
desin loads histogram is constructed using calculated steady state I' T McKenzie and 0 A S Howell rIn AGARO Specialists
"Pal~r toads and rimporrctilv deteorminiod mzfneu.-er toads Curient Meeting on Helicopter Rotor Prediction Methods Aug 1973
efforts. to improve rotor loads predictions throuyh inocorporatioti 19 p refs (For availabitfy see N74- 10908 02-02)
o. ftully co :ipl,!d lag pitch flap routines simurlatiorn of control ýystern The inalilt,;ai tecniniques employed to predict the. prinmary
dynamics a.-d development of maneuver loads programs are loading actions of a hiCh "ped semi rigid rotor helicopter are
discussed Author des:ribed Thi, leading actions considerod are overall aircraft trim
balance, Oscillatory rotor loading and vibratory forcing of thu,
aAlrame ?.orro of :hu; dc;jign ccaeri ;; ociated with ofach
N74- 10911 Advisoi, Group for txiospace Research arid of these loading actions and the correlation with flight test analysis
Dervelopmentl Paris (France, are presented A description is given of a technique for the
PREDICTION OF HELICOPIIýR ROTOR LOADS analysis of flight test results which has enabled a detailed
J Geltlot /ft UfSSpecialists Meeting on Helicopter Rotor Prediction comparison of the harmonic response of individual modes to be
Methods Aug 1973 8 p refs In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary made Author
(For availability see N74-10908 02-021
The correct der-gn otf a rotor requires ouile a orec-se
knowledge of the alternating loqds to which blade and hub are
submrttord Tre problem of the stiriss evaluation. from the early
design stage may lead very sophisticated nethods, because the N74-10915 Messeivchmrlt-Boelkow-Blohm G m b H . Ottotvrunn
blazde is operating in a very complex environment Nevertll'eless :West Germanylf
simplified methods may give Sull .oinftly precise result. io set LOADS PREDICTION METHODS FOR HINGELESS ROTOR
up correctly the dimensions of the mar solemenis of the rotor HELICOPTERS
The -'ethod described here supposes simple aerodynamics. G Reichert In AGARD Special its MeetinW on Helicopter Rotor
oircdepeno,,rt of blade elastic dclformations Thtn degree of Fiediclion Methods Auig 1972 12 p refs (For availability see
sirr'tlificatoor, achieved iti tnis theoreircat method s~eems to be N74 10908 02-02)
justified by the correlation obtained withi experimeirta) sirtoads I he special loadiny condition of the hingeless ro~o. Itetrr-.pter
measured on a rrick!el rotor and stresses recordid cn ins same is discussed For the predict on of the loads, the zf~ioelastrc
rotor or a full-scale se. i-articulated rotor Ajthor behaviour of the rotor blade% iricludinri cha,3cltaistic courilino
irfocts has to be considereed To dJeftsrnrne the. properties of the
orp Strtfod
N74 0091 U-iiedAifaff Coin ikorkyriongeless rotor ,ystvm in. an analy.rcat approach. a mathematical
N74 091 UrerlAircaftCor.
Sratoid ori Siorsy rodetl can be used, which simulates the aerodynamic and dynamic
AEircOPftE ROTO LODtReITOShav'iour adequtately There is good experience with an aerody
Pidter J Arcidracono and Raymond G Carlson In AGARD nnral rddaclyeuvln ytmo i riuae
 02 AIRCRAFT 57

MW~ewat hig hinge offset. AftsyfW data se wel 4) structural (0.4. and gust criteria. (5) aircraft design for
(eah
"-tdoe wal be shaown for atflarsret floogtr condilliionts frickluira perfofrtmance under turbulent conditions. and (6) application of
maeneuvers. There is relatively 9- id correltation -h h enterg managemirent con~cepts to flight path conitrol in turbuleince
PNMO'aar for this MONO trial detino the roo ca be p~dse For indvrvtdual btlass. see N74 11721 through N74-17746.
re~MelbY wal. lbe methods are not satisfactoly, Ior corerol
lo0ds In stalled41
Conditions, and for high Larmonic: vibratory
Author
007*-1772' Meteorological Office. Bracknell1 (England).
TURSULI, CE AT MEDIUM AND HIGH FUIGHT LEVEL&
G Comford In AGARD Flight in Tullulenca Nov 1973
M74-10014 Armyi Ai Mobaiy, Roevec*I atd ~ap
lopflWt Lab. 14 p raft (For ivatilibility see N74-17720 00-02)
UCIteEI Fild. Ceall The characternstics of atmospheric turb-lence at medium and
INTEG4RATED ROTOR/SODY LOAD$ PREDIC1ION high Rlight levels are discusaed Emphasis is placed on researich
R M C9480o, and A. IV Kerr fLockheeid Calif. Suebeuih I,, on turbuence in cleer air away from mountains and local storms
AGARO Specialists, Me"imng on lietroopter pcow p,,d~ctss and in clear air near storm tops Estimates on the tikelihood of
MWO&s Aug- 1972 B p taft (P~cravoidabdity NoN74. Ift" eir.Jtimnwrng closio and precipitation at the cruising levels of
02-02) supersonic transport aircraft Numerical forecasting techniques
An 111"IrdollcpinAlY Snalyde. whiich has glruwn out of a for atms-opheric turbulence are reported Author
twqieremenrt for a nonlinear v~ridmg qualitiesl evaluatin toot.
has bee nmechainized in a fasthion which provides a capstdity,
Wopredict rotor loads affected by roorarfa eirwaretion in
steedy-state, and transient flight conditions, The mdlng N,¶72 N"ioa Aeoatc n paeA nsrto

spoirfw t cratea VsoliftMarshall

f irelstsfro
of at- seera Space Flight Canter. Huntsville. Ala
ittda Whichd PrOVdidel consstent data for numerous applications. PRODLEMS IN THE SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC
Thft Phdoeophy a presentelsd in addition L- a descipton of " BOUNDARY LAYER FLOWS
moe An a sumimary of fts range of sp,-silorw Eusaiorplif George H richtl In AGANO Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973
inolving rotor loads prediction are presented 41) evoltueton of 14 p refs (For availability see N474-17720 09-02)
CIBeOMW betWsen rotor blades and fuselage durin 8steMe The realistic simulation of flow in the atmospheric boundary
*wmaneuers (2) sltimartion of four-Hailed roto reecionlm" wnis layers at heights greater than two kilometers is discussed
Mtodi g~bbditY and loads. and (3) geea awt ealyInformation concerning horizontally homogeneous and statistically
and tfr~snslr loads etirmetroA A-9 geset, ed el s am stationary stmoepholrec boundary lays, flows is presented The
f~Corint' , '-lvaoprent sid refeinismri ofte, t ute problems related tu the inrorora,,,,. of the informatron into
irkcree i1.1_3 of applicalions (nie atmospheric wind simulation programs are arraljzed The
Author informatin whiclh the metieorologist must acquire in order to
provide a basis for improving the simulation of atmosphenic
ioound.5ry, flows is explained Author

M14-12712# Advieoryr Group for Aerospace Reseerch and

sevelegmastint. Peris (F1rance).
MARKINIGS FOR PROPELLER CONSPICUITY Nf74-17723 National Aeronautical Establishn'ent, Ottawa
T. C. D. W~samid. SAAF Inet. of Aviation Mad) Sep. 1973 (Ontar~o) Flight Research Lab
17 p raft TURBULENCE AND MESOSCAIC HORIZONTAL TEMPERA-
(AGARDLA-AIS) ~vail. NTIS HC S300 TURE GRADIENTS IN THE LOWER STRATOSPHERE
The general problem of marking oropellers so tha they
"myihaea a discused. The propelle must ha co-pcuu Ian MacPherson In AGARO Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973
* to Vers- wabng near it when the aircraft is on the grouind 15 p raft (For availability see N74-1 7720 09-02)
* but, on the cohir hand, in tan"vi and in flighrt it must not ha Dat~a are presented on the frequencies of occurrence of
* bbectl or soineirVh to the poilotOther factors to be considered turbulence and significant horizontal tamperarure gradients ebkng
awe the conspicuity at low anrd at high rpm; the conepaictity, with their dependence on altitude, lessori. underlying terrain.
Baglt varlioue beckigrounds since miarkings eseiilyi vi5lis agatlnet geogrspsitcal lostion. *rsd let streamn position These factors are
* a do^h 9milnt may not heAN vtib gainst a ighrt ground, the irrportant both in the forecast probilem and in the comparison
ms of coloured fiarsinget which, although aessyl seen on a of these tesuils with ihossi of other observing programe
statliontry, propealler. hacorne desaitursted when the propelleir is Specific exempt%.: w enct unitera with atmosphoric turbulence
turritig. aindi finsaly. Is presene of brightiness and of colour duning the course ol a reser rch project on atmospheric instebility
conttast with the becliground In theory. to obit"i maxmmal are provided Author
bels#alne coowaost. black Pne whime maorkings tho-id ha used
so OWat" Waledes may ha O seeginst either light and dark
hicisrotind. As black malt pai ntmy appear grey since at scatlarts
.~dor E iligt, the markings should be in a gloas finish. Au~o

N74-17724 Tennessee Univ Space Inst. Tullahoma

REVIEW OF DATA AND PREDICTION TECHNIQUES FOR
"N74-17720# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and WIND PROFILES AROUND MANMADE SURFACE 0U-
Ditvelop'Ttert. Paris (France) STRUCTIONS
FUGHT IN TURBULENICE Walter Frost In AGARO Flight in Turbulencu Nov 1973
Nov 1973 386 p raft Presetned at the 42d Meeting of the 18 p rats (For availability see N74-17720 09-02)
echPane
Wbuti Abby.
Fligil
ofACRE,.Wreuir
Fligt AA~r.
Mch nglnd.(Contract NASS-27387i
Pnelof Abey. nglnd.A review of experimental dais and analyrvicel nwos alte
relS
*14-17 May 1973
(AGAqo-CP-1401 Avail NTIS HC S2f25
t lwoe
t lwoe
lf
lf
btce speetdt
btce speetdt
~r-i
rvd
uvyo
uvyo
The procee'frngs, of a confe~ence on tOe enact* of stmors- basic flow thsory available to anstyze atmospheric wind patterns
pherfic turbulence on sarcraft opeasltirir are presented The sublects and man-mods surface obstructions Primary emphasis is placed
flowng(1 carctritisof
dicuse icldeth atmospheric on the distortion of sheaf flows approaching a"i passing over
tiscussednclude2 theraffollatowna l chrobtemCristic bya~cs buildings rr bluff surfaces such as fences or strips The various
operationa prnlem createdy byii
turbulsnce. ph2)en oicrf intthe
pheric turoufence. (31,analysis of wake vortices end wind shear,.hsclpeoeao rsue n eoiyvraini h
58 02 AIRCRAFT

s1alrated flow regions surrOundil•g the oody. velocity profiles iPECTRAL

, ASSESSMENTS USING POWER DENSITY
the displaced flow over the body. and the onrign and decay of METHODS
induCed turbulence along the boundanes of the sepalrated ~ Snanon Young In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973 9 p
are derc•bed Author rats (For availability "ee N74-17720 09-02)
The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the efficiency of a
N74-1772S Delft Univ of Technology {Netherlands) Dept of flight crew are analyzed The factc.rs are identified as (1)
Aeronautical Engineenng atmoivpi.inr turbulence levels. Q2)the characteristics of 'he aircraft
PROGRESS IN THE MATHEMATICAL MODELUNG OF in responding r') turbulence, including the offecs of structural
FUGHT IN TURBULENCE modes, and (3) the tolerance Of the crew to the level and duration
0 H. Gerlach. G A J VandaMoteedilk. and J C VanderViart of vibration at the crew station The use of powe- ,pe"ctral
In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov. 1973 38 p refs iFor density techniques for assessing cre-w ride comfort is explained
aveldabily aee N74-17720 09-02) In addition to defining ai-crsh response in both vartical and
Problems of mathematical modelling of aircraft flight in lateral turbulence, it is possible to include the effects of structural
turbulence are discussed. The simulation o flight in the lower modes. assess the effects of autostabilization. and include crew
aItmophere dunng the approach and landing portions of the proficiency degradation as a parameter in operational -.',dies
flight are emphasized The discrepancy between the usual Gaussman Author
representation of atmospheric turbulence and the actual
non.Gaussian atmosphere is analyzad A parameter is introduced N74-17730 Bodenseewerk GeraeetechntkG mb.H. Ueberdingen
to characterize the actual turbulence sensed by the pi:ot A method (West Germany)
is presented for finding the range of altitudes or which the moat THE EFFECT OF GUSTS AND WIND SHEAR FOR
tignificant disturbances are encountered during the aporoach AUTOMATIC STOL APPROACH AND LANDING
Author Gunther Schaenzer In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov
1973 1i p refs (For availability see N74-17720 09-02)
N74-17726 British Overseas Airways Corp. London (England). The characteristics of a flight control system for short takeoff
BOAC EXPERIENCE WITH TURBULENCE aicrafh are discussed The system is used during steep and curved
Ernest Chambers In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973 approaches The system was simulated and flight tested during
13 p (For availablity see N74-17720 09-02) more than 500 automatic STOL approaches and landings The
The effectiveness of airborne radar in giving adequate effects of gusts and wind shear, especially at extremely low
warning of convective turbulence in clouds is discussed Some indicated airspeeds during approach and flare, with respect to
encounters with turbulence in clear air are described and matters the pilots workloads. passenger comfort. throttle activity, angle
roltaing to the forecasting, reporting, and dissemination of of attack measurement, and precision ,n approach and landing
turbulence occurence are presented The development of an are analyzed Author
airborne clear air turbulence detector is recommended and the
performance requirements of the detector are developed. Problems N74-17731 Transportation Systems Center. Cambridge. Mesa
with low level wino shear are also examined Author THk DETECTION OF AIRCRAFT WAK.E VORTICES
Ralph 0 Kodis In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973
N74-17727 Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft. Prankfur 9 p refs (For availability see N74-17720 09-02)
am Main (West Germany) Mnteorological Dept The hazards created by the trailing vortices deposited in the
AN AIRMNE'S EXPERIENCE ON TURBULENCE wakes of heavy let aircraft a,, discussed In the terminal area
Honz Dreyling In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973 this hazard leads to longer separation standards and reduced
7 p (For availability see N74-17720 09-02) runway capacity In order to shorten the required separations
A complation of the replies of airline pilots to a questionnaire without compromising safety it is necessary to be able to detect
on different areas concerned with atmospheric turbulence is the presence and motion of vortices in regions where they
presented An assessment is made on flight times in turbulence constitute a threat The sensing techniques that have been
strength and type of turbulence, and the potential effect of developed ere reported The characteristics of acoustic and wind
turbulence on airline operations Specific geographical areas as pressurir sensors for detecting vortices are described Author
wall as airports with specific turbulence encounters are listed,
and poiential energy sources are mentioned The turbulence N74-17732 Federel Aviation Administration. Washington. D C
paenelrel0on speed is discussed as well as means to avf)id turbulent Office of Systems Engineering Management
oncounters Or to alleviate turbulent conditions through air trieffe' WAKE VORTEX AVOIDANCE SYSTEM PROGRAM (WVAS)
control. meteorological raeorts, or itlot experience Author Lawrence Langweil In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov
1973 9 p refs (For availability see N'4-17720 09-02)
N74-17728 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough iEngl- A wake vortex avoidance system (WVAS) program is
and) described The oblective of the program is to design and implement
INFLUENCE OF PILOT AND AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS a ground based monitoring and predictive systera, at airports
ON STRUCTURAL LOADS IN OPERATIONAL FUGHT which will increase runway capacity by eliminating the need for
J R Sturgeon In AGARO Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973 larger separation$ between aircraft fOr safety from wake vortices
24 p refs Presented at the 35th Meeting of the Struct and The program consists of three major tasks (1) sensor development.
Maiter Panel. Toulouse. France. 24-29 Sep 1972 (For availability (2) vortex behavior characterization and hazard definition. and
see N74-17720 09 02) (3) integration of these tasks into an overall system design The
(AGARD-O8S) meteorological factors which affect he performance of the
Some aircraft handling problems met in operational condtions proposed system are enalized Author
ana described and compared with flight test conditions It is
concluded that errors in flight instrumentation and physiological N74-17733' National Aeronautics and Space Admin,stratioi,
cues have a substantial influence on control capability A procedure Langley Research Center. Langley Station. Vs
for minimizing structural loads and aerodynamic problems in all VORTEX WAKE RESEARCH
flight conditions is proposed The procedure will restore to the John A ZSlovcik and H Earl Dunham. Jr In AGARD Flight ii.
pilot and to the autopilot controlled flyirg the positive stability Turbulence Nov 1973 14 p refs (Foravailabilny see N74-177720
in ptch and yaw which is required for aircraft operating in the 090')
stick free mode Proposals are made for improving the NASA investigations of aircrah trailing vorlices are reviewed
iequirements Of flight iibitrurlielliiý tu edute cutiiul piubleirh Results Obtained in flight on vortex characteristics such as decay
during complex maneuvers and flight in severe wind shear of maximum velocity and vOrexI drift, are presented fc dct'vnces
conditions Author behind a generating C 5 aircraft from 0 6 to 13 0 nautial iles
The lateral control activity of a CV 990 aircrafh probing thd ,,orlice%
M74-17729 British Aircraft Corp VVarton lEngland) Military aenerated by the C 5 aircraft is illustrated a- d the effect of the
Aircraft Div C-S aircraft configuretion on this activity I,. indicatel- Results
AIRCRAFT RESPONSE TO TURGULENCE-CREW COMFORT are presented from near-field and far field studies of accelerated
02 AIRCRAFT 59

vortex dissipation through the use of venous devices such as 1973 8 p rof (For availablity see N74-17720 09-02)
mass election, spoilers. vortex generators. and trailing drag The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the autolond system
devices. Author of the Trident aircraft are discussed The aircraft was instrumented
to obtain three axis gust time histories for each landing made
N74-17734 Aeronautical Pesearch Associates of Princeton. Inc. From these time histories a guit model was built up and was
4J used for the initial certification of the automatic landing system
ON TURBULENCE ENVIRONMENT AND DESIGN The results obtained with the gust model are compared with
CRITERIA the statistical analysis of flight test data to determine the degree
John C Houbolt In AGARO Flight in Turbulence Nov. 1973 of correlation Author
15 p raft (For avi.labeirty see N74-17720 09-02)
Aircraft design criteris based on the effects of atmospheric N74-17739 British Aircraft Corp . Waybridge (England)
turbulence are discussed Emh•asis is placed on the power spectral Commercial Aircraft Div
techniques, but equivalences to the discrete-gust procedure are STNUCTURAL LOADS AND GUST CRITERIA
shown Consideration is given to large design loads. such as 0 0 N Jarmes In AG '•RD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973
limit load and to repeated loads which effect structural fatigue 13 p refs (For availability see N74-17720 09-02)
Mathematical models are provided to illustrate the gust design The effects of atmospheric turbulence on aircraft design criteria
approaches and the basic spectral procedure Author are analyzed The discrete gust methods are compared with the
power spectral density methods to determine the degree of
N74-17736 NATO MRCA Development and Production application to aircraft gust load problems The application of
Management Agency. Munich (West Germany) continuous turbulence design procadure was investigated Mission
DESIGN PROBLEMS OF MILITARY AIRCRAFT AS analysis results are shown to .io very sensilive to the assurnerr
AFFECTED BY TURBULENCE operating technique Grap;%. ), specific aircraft design envelope
M Hacklirnger In AGARD Flight in Turbutence Niv 1973 limit loads against the drscreis. gust load limit are provided
Author
9 p ref (For availability see N74-17720 09-02)
The influence of atmospheric turbulence on the design .a
military aircraft is analyzed The subject is treated in two main N74-17740 Royal Netherlands Aircraft Factories Fokker.
categories 41) turbulence as a sizing factor in itself which Amsterdam
determines static and fatigue strength of major pans of low RATIONAL CALCULATION OF DESIGN GUST LOADS IN
load factor arrcre"t and (2) turbulence as an impoatant design RELATION TO PRESENT AND PROPOSED
parameter of high load factor aircraft where stabily of the AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS
*augmented aircraft in imanual or automatic terrain following flight. J Y" In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973 11 p refs
pilot pioficiency under vibration, and the attitude accuracy of (For bvardebrlty see N74-17720 09-02)
the aircrth as o weapons platform become important The problfm An analysis of accurately calculated gust loads for three
of designing for proper flight qualities in high speed tactical short haul aircraft was conducted The results are applied to
fighter missioni is tiescrihed with emphasis on analyl,, 41 prediction the following conditions ( 11)conspailson of power Spictral density
of pilot task piolicrency under the vibration environment created and di.,crete gust metk~3r-s 121 comparison of power spectral •
by sirfirtims and Right control system characteristics Author density mission analysis and design envelope results. (3)
comparison of power spectral density results for vertibal and
lateral gusts and 14) a study of the specific problems of T-tail
N74-17736 Messerschmitt-Boelkow GmbH. Ottobrunn (West configurations Graphs of load conditions for various aircraft
Germany) components are provided Author
INFLUENCE OF TURBULENCE ON HELICOPTER DESIGN c
AND OPERATION N74-17741 British Aircraft Corp. Warton (England) Military
G Raichert and V Rade In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Aircraft Div
Nov 1973 16 p rats (For availability see N74-17720 09-02) C.S.A.S. DESIGN FOR GOOD HANDLING IN
The sensitivity of the helicopter to atmospheric turtulence TURBULENCE
because of the relatively low disc lo.ding is discussed The T
A G U ame$ n AGARD FCight in Turbulence Nov 1973
influence•, of other parameters such as rotor stiffness and dampirg 14 p refs (For ", ty. see N74-17720 09-021
are analyzed The effects of these influen-ens on different The desigi :,yes for airciaft coitrol arid stability
helicopters are compel I The main design problems of meeting augmentation systems are discussed with respect to the effects
operati~onal and coiicaton requirements and methods for of atmospheric turbulence The subtects presented include the
t
improving the performance o' helicopters are examined Author foiiow rig III nd!.ng -u3!!!e3 !equtiremerns !or rlght -n
turbulence. (2) performan :e of unauamented aircraft in
N74-1 7737 De Havilland A-r.ralt Co . Lid . Downsview turbulence. (3) performance of augmented aceaft in turbwlence
(Ontarno) and 141 approaches to !lability augmentation systems
DATA REQUIREMENTS ON TURBULENCE IN THE EARTH'S development Specific emphasis is placed on the aircraft
ATMOSPHERIC SHEAR LAYER FOR STOL DESIGN parameters of planform, excitation derivatives, control power
CRITERIA and aircraft size Author
J 2 Glaser In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973 8 p
raft (For availability see N74-17720 09-02) N74-17742* National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The factors which affect the airwothiness of short takeoff Langley PResearch Ce. rter. Langley Station Va
airctrah, especially during the landing and takeoff phase of the THEORETICAL HORIZONTAL TAIL LOADS AND
operation Atmospheri. turbulence is one of the most important ASSOCIATED AIRCRAFT RESPONSES OF AN
factors affecting arcraft behavior at low altitudes, and aiS AUTOPILOT-CONTROLLED JET TRANSPORT FLYING IN
description in terms of a real,sic model is an essential step in TURBULENCE
the design. certification, and operation of STOL aircraft A study Boyd Perry. III and Kermit G Pratt In AGARD F•ight in Turbulence
to devise a low altitude iust model and to determine the relative Nov 1973 q p refs lFor avalobility see N74 17720 09-02)
importance uf the gust model parameters of the responses of An exploratory analytical study was conducted to analyze
typical STOL aircraft was conducted The significant features of problem areas associate with a rigid aircraft controlled by a
the DHC 3 aircraft which was used .n the test are anaiyzea simple autopilot The rircraft motion is constrained to the
Author longitudinal ohugoid and short period modes The aulopilOt 4
l
characteristics are desrribed The anal,hi(a Lrocedre is explained .
N74-17738 Hawker Siddeley Aviation Ltd Hatfield lEngland) and stabilizer loads togethe, Nvrth -; ,'e arrcrahl motions as
EXPERIENCE WITH A LOW ALTITUDE TURBULENCE functions of a-itopilot ga-is w,thio ir,- sta;-lity boundaries are
MODEL FOR AUTOLAND CERTIFICATION determined The effects of cente, of .;:,,vriy locatorn and altitude
A M P McManus In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov are corsidered Authr-
 .4.

60 02 AIRCRAFT

N74-17743 Royal Aircraft Establishment. FarnboroLgh(England) A N Rhodes In AGARO Design Against Fatigue Doc 1973
Avioucs 0ept 17 p (For availability see N74-19652 11-02)
THE DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS After summanuing some of the factors which cheractense
TO REDUCE THE EFFELTS OF ATMOSPHERIC itnkl aircraft with regard to their fatigue design, the types of
ITURBANES AG Fht ruenexternal loading to which it will be subjected in service are
M J Corbin and K F Goddard In AGARD Fhght in Turbulence considered. A consideration is also given to some of the fecton.
Nov 1973 16 p refs (For availability see N74-17720 09.02) which influence the choice of materials, aircraft layout and
The design of two experimental automatic flight control design Qualification of the finished product is discussed, as are
systems for the SAC 111 aircraft is described One system used s of the techniues in monitoring service usage Problem
throttle and elevator controls and the othe" use.;. in addition. aras are highlighted. Author
direct lift control by means of spoilers The landing performance
of the systems is compared with conventional automatic landing N74-19854 Industreeanlagen-Setriebsgesellschaft mb.H.,
Otto79unn (West Garmany-.
systems It is stated that discrete uusts experienced at heights
helow 15 meters can produce large touchdown errois exceeding FATIGUE DESIGN PRACTICE
the capebihty of the eultniolot centre: AuthorFAIUDEGNP CTE
K Ahrensdorf In AGARD Design Against Fatigue Dec. 1973
18 p refs (For availability see N74-19652 11-02)
N74-1774/ Establishment. Bedford (England) To define missions for fatigue analysis, mission breakdown
APre F and to estimate load spect1a for combat or tactical aircraft a
A PPLI 0" MAGEMENT CONCEPTS TO high degree of guesstimating is necessary Available data as to
FL ,URBULENCE operational miss:on and load spectra dunng aircraft develop-
J 'qht in Turbulence Nov 1973 mint duffe. greatly. on the othei hand these estimated date
I.a 74 17720 09-02) have a coansiderable influence on aircraft design For thiS rasion
Oof - JL - -e on aicraft flight path control the aircraft design shall oe in such a way that inspections in
Zutline is piesented of a strategy for the control critical regions are possible and crack propagation is noncntical
id night path of an aircraft, based on the ise of between inspection intervals In' addi.ion. on all flying aircraft
Jntrol total energy error. coasisting of a kinetic cg - acceleration measurerents are necessary. besides the results
sated with airspeed and a potential component of full scale fatigue tests, to have available Ihe complete
ease." -,' I and tht elevator used to distribute the information for individual life control of flying aircraft Some
* ispeed and height in an optimum manner aspects of the whole fltigue integritn program are discussed
M he flight path control in a landing approach Author
"ihe safety . ,e ts of an aircraft subjected to large gust
disturbances are also considered Author
oN74-111455 McDonnell Aircraft Co. St Louis. Mo
N74 17745 CfV;ce Na:;--a! d'E;'.det e! de Fteche,ches STRUCTURAL FATIGUE ANALY8I8 AND TESTING FOR
Aerospa17 oles
Paris 'Frnce) FIGHTER AIRCRAFT
Aerstatels.Pars
Frncl F Impellizzeri In AGARlD Design Against Fatigue Dec:
LFIplizr nAAD Dsg gis aiu o
A NEW APPROACH TO GUST ALLEVIATION OF A FLEXIBLE 12 p refs (For availability see N74-19652 11-02)
AIRCRA AFT USGACHTOPN G T A EVIATIN O1973
AIRCRAFT USING AN OPEN LOOP DEVICE The design of fatigue resistani structure includes a combina.
Pierre-Maria Hutn n AGARL Flight im Turbulence Nov 1973 tion of fatigue testing analysis A review of the structural design
9 p ref In FRENCH ENGLISH Smenay (For availability see and development programs of the F-4 and F-15 aircraft highlights
N74 17720 09 02) their spectrum fahgue tist1g end idicates that these tests are
The application of optimization techniques for the purpose esiantral in providing a satisfactoryitructurh
level of l integrity.
of gust alleviation is discussed The Iasic approach is an extension An existing procedure is discussed which utilizes Neuber's rule
of the Wisnerrs optimization theori to two control parameters and a cyclicly decaying residual stress function to continually
and the application to the Caravelle aircraft A comparison is
made between the theoretical rt;sponses to a Gaussian stationary track notch root stress-strain patterns The technique was
excitation and the responses to actual records of turbulence developed particularly to predict life for fatigue spectra with either
a constant minimum stress or a constanl mean stress A
nonhneiles due to lari ted efficncy of the controls Author modificetion of the technique is presented which simplifies its
applicability for letigue spectra with variable minimum and/or

mean stresse This also includes variable stress ratlicis Life

474-17746 Royal Aircrait Er.tabhishment Bedford (England) predictions using the modified technique are compered with
SOME COMMENTS ON METHODS OF AVOIDING THE spectrum test results on 7075-T6 aluminum and 6AI-4V titanium
EFFECTS OF TURBULENCE An example is presented of crack initiation and crack growth
A McPherson In AGARD Flight in Turbulence Nov 1973 caused by our-of-plane bending in a fighter airplane upper wing
11 p refs (For availability see N74-17720 09 02) skin. The local structural detail is analyzed Fatigue analysis in
The characteristics of airborne detectors for warning of the terms of crack propagation is performed based on the residual

presence 3f -lear air turbulence are discussed The turbulence tension predicted by the elastic-plaltiC computer program as the
problem and the analyzed
effects of The
atmospheric turbulence on aircraf crack extends Calculated of the uDPpe are
I performance are specific apphicattins of infrared electron reiacrescope crack growth
photographs rates Wing compared with
slun fracture
'adiorneler and r)oppler lidar techniques are explained Author surface showing striation spacings Author

N74-19656 Grumman Aerospace Corp. Bethpege. N Y

N74-19S82# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and FATIGUE AND FRACTURE CONSIDERATIONS FOR
Development. Paris (Fiance) TACTICAL AIRCRAFT
DESIGN AGA!NST FATIGUE I G Hedrick. L 8 Wehle. and P D Sell In AGARD Design
Dec 1973 122 p refs Presented at the 37th Meeting of the Against Fatigue (date) 16 p refs (For availability see N74-19662
Structures and Mater Panel at the Hague. Netherlands. 7-12 Oct 11-02)
1973 A review of some of the practical aspects of •tes.gning against

IAGARD-CP-141) Avail NTIS HC S9 25 fatigue is presented An ouline is included of the latest fatigue
Papers prAo*nmIi1 At the conference on desiclning aercrifh analysis method used at Grumman and a discussion of some of
against fatigue .trn repopled Fatigue analysis and tests for fligillter the more interesting fatigue problems encountered in the evolut:On
aircraft e-e emphasized For individual titles, see N74-19U53 of several Grumman aircraft Some new technological develop-
through N74 19660 ments are discussed including the F-14 electron beam welded
titanium wing carry through box The capabi!lities of soene special
N74-19663 British Aircraft Corp. Preston (England) Grumman inspection tech iques to improve quality are rev-
OF owed Author
SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF THE INFLUENCE
FATIGUE IN THE DESIGN OF STRIKE AIRCRAFT
02 AIRCRAFT 61

N1174-1967 Indust r~eanlagen -Set firbsgioselstschaft m b H., The basic concepts of ATLAS and a selection of some of
Ottobrurr fWest Germany) the more common verbs for constructing test procedures are
FULL SCALE FATIGUE REGUIREMENTS FOR NATIONAL presented. The overall organization is described of an ATLAS
FATIGUE UFE PREDICTION program e the division .into preamble and procedural sectionsi
H J Zocher In AGARD Design Against Fatigue Doc 1973 Following this the general structure of an ATLAS statement is
14 p refe (For lavailsbilr-y toe N74.19S52 11-.02) discussed to illustrate the general layout of a statement and its
Afltr discussing a suitable fatigue life evaluation and inteinal fields The fields discussed are as follows, the fixed
certifcatioin procedure. some requirements areospecified brt full field which involves the flag, statement trumber and verb, and
sacalefratiguei testing techniques which stould be mandatory for the variable field which includes the measured characterist-c.
future fatigue life substantiation Test results obtained from two noun. statement characteristic, and the evaluation and connectioes
full s@"le fatigue tests utilizing different testing procedures are fields It is shown that the organization of the variable fielid is
compared to service failures The fatigue test which used the determined by the verb used in the fixed field Author
proposed improved testing techr,,us with flights-by-flight loading
sequence showed much better results which were in adequate
ýorreljltion with servica experience Author X74-73600 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Roal
ircaftEstblihmet.
N74.966 arnrouh (nglnd)Development Paris [France)
RyalAirraf Fanbooug f~glad)PHYSICAL
N741998Esabishent VULNERABILITY OF AIRCRAFT. VOLUME 1
:t'i.'tures Dept F 0 Orsaro Sep 1972 48 p
THE ROLE OF THE MAJOR FATIGUE TEST IN THE rAGARD-AR 47-VoI-1) Cessarled Regiorn
ACCEPTANCE. CERTIFICATION AND SAFE UTILISATION The overall utility of combat aircrall is influenced by the
OF STRIKE AIRCRAFT abilitv of the vehicle to absorb damage and still complete -its
R D J Maxwell in AGARD Design Against Fatigue Dec mission and o: be reDaired and returned to service rapidly The
1973 8 p refs (For availabilit, see N74-19652 11-02) report develops analysis techniques by which this characteristic
The role of the major fatigue test in acceptance. certification, of the aircraft may be assessed during the initial design p~rases
and safe utilization of a strike aircraft is examined from thu and measured quantitatively as design features are established
writing of the aircraft specification to the monitoring of life The report also summarizes and evalirares the technrrques which
consumption in service Attention is focussed on problems have been developed to reduce the physical vulnerability ofI
associated with defining the test load conditions and interpreting aircraft
the results in terms of the monitoring system useed. including
the use of relevent Rlight load measurements A summary of
the problem areas and suggested minimum standards or fatigue
feeling, flight measurement and dissemination of ino information X 74-73501 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
are included Author Development Paris F'rance)
PrHYSICAL VULNERABILITY OF AIRCPtAFT. VOLUJME 2
N74-19659 National Aero. and Astronautical Research Inst . ý 0 Orazro May 1973 234 p
Amsterdam (Netherlands) 1AGARO AR 47 Vol.2i
RE-ASSESSMENT OF FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF Confidential Repoit
FIGHTER AIRCRAFT The r,,ieiall utility of comnbat aircraft is influenced by the,
G. M. VanDijk In AGARD Design Against Fatigue Dec 1974 abifrh, of thre vehicle to absorb damage arid still complete its
19 p refs (For availability zee N74- 19852 11-02) mission and or be repaired and ret uFired To service rapidlyv The
Fatigue monitoring results obtained by means of strain-gauge report develops analysis techniques by whrr'h this charar~ternsti-:
recordings are scrupulously compared to the reference f~lllscale of the aircraft may be assessed ldurincl the initial idesign phse
fatigue test loading, finally yielding a relative fatigue severity and rieasured qunantritatively as desigii lealines
index The comparative anslysi: among other things highlights This stud-, was condlucted in resp~onse to a -eduer. from
the importance of ground loads, counting methods and local the North Atlantic Military Committee under the n~anaqjemeiif
plasticity at notch roots A complex notch stress-strain history of the Aerospace Applications, Studies Gominniltee
analysis is carried out ý. assess the nutch root stress history
and residuat stresses Finatly, a simplified iialculation procedure
is suggested to account for notch root plasticity and residual
stresses This simplified enefysts is a sufficieritfy accu'ate substitute
of the complex notch stress-strain history anaiysirs. X74 73502 Advisory Group for Aenospace Researh a-1I
Author
Oevelopmerr Paris tF. a-ne
AIRCRAFT VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS. VOLUME 3
N74-19660 Societe Nationals Industrielle Aerospatiale. Paris 0 Kardels May 1973 70 p
(Franice) AADA47Vl3SertRpt
DESIGNERS' NEED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION FROM reprt Volb 3
TAhRDA omue o ecreto
Seala eur
ANALYSiS OF FATIGUE TEST RESULTS AND SERVICEThreotecrbs3daidcmpermelfr..,rrl
BEHAVIOR the physical vulnerability of an aircraft to a vafiely of v,,earuirs
Willam ill
GARDDesgn In gaist Ftige Dc. 973and illustrates the use of the model hy examples by evaluatir-il
1ili3p rreis
(FAo RDDeig Againstlit Ftgu
11973 De165 Itiree weapon types 20 30 arid 35 ahm shells against tire RF
1102)84E
13 praft(Fo avalablityseeN74-1962 aircraft The mode! provides sub foulirieN for .lesctiilniq the
The requirements in fatigue assessment for designing aiean hatek31-9teefctotewapnote
aircraft structures aer discussed in :erms of interpretative coaronelnds oftet eahiraf anim thseseffecth.ia of ii
fle maon(ii
compurstion. a priori subjective classification of fatigue strength. to comnponent on rhe svivirablil-y of trip arircraft Thrs vOirimi
and prediction analysis The analyses of fatigue behavior in tests coirsirutes an appkrd-. to AR 47 Voisma, 2
and-n service. and the standardization of test loading are discussed
alor.g with interpretation methods of fatigue test results, and
the rostabliibhment of general data on fatigue strength FO0S

X74 73506 Adinruiy Group for A erospace Fl,ýarr 'i anid

N 74-22634m Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and LOW ALTITUDE FLIGHT CONTROL PROBLEMS
Feb 1971t 274 vi Presented ar Sy-rp of the Liurlari, ai..i'
Develufpmenl. Paris (France)
ABBREVIATED TEST LANGUAGE FOR AVIONICS SYS, Corirol Pa,,er of AGARD Bniirssnls t 3 Setr 1970
TE MS ;AGARD CP 72i I
o A Green Sep 1972 61 p relfCs-nrefherr
(AGARD-LS-54f Avail NTIS HCS5625 Ttre papiers trir Iar lhe Gu.,aintc air1 Cv-lini Pairri
62 02 AIRCRAFT

Sponsored Symposium on Low Altitude Flight Control Problems

held at NATO Headquarters. Brussels. Belgium in September
1970. The papers address the problem of aircraft flight control
conducted at high speeds at very low altitude and in all weather
environments

X74-73607 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Devl'opmentr Pons (France)
MIUTARY APPUCATIONS OF V, STOL AIRCRAFT. VOLUME
2
Jun 1973 76 p Presented at 41st Meeting of the Flight
Mech Panel of Agard. Brussels. 23-25 Oct 1972
IAGARD-CP-126-Vol-2i
Qassilied Report
Five papers are contained in this Volume of the Pioceedings
Two o? the papers are related to th- development and service
operation of the "*Harrser" V/STOL tactical aircraft Another paper
describes the history of the US/FRG V/STOL tactical fighter
program The last two papers are on the subject of future
requirements for V/STOL arcraft

-5.

5._
 03 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS 63

03 ~Ahtfierntog current to"5 mechanisms in supercondu~ctors are

03 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
Incuds ~lcomposlite
deacribe Swit particular emphsasi on the recently deverloiped
materials Alternating transport current tossnes of a
Inldsfelols. envergy convcrsiori calls, and solar calls. wide range of commercially availabi , supercondujctors of the bare
electricalwiend utfimntomoteY5 re rsned Te
auxiliary gas turbines. hydraulic pneumatic and wiehvrinci and conpoiurtion is oeparedentnd.iThie
cutiiabmen
systems, actuators, and inverters For related information
9 Elctrnic Nuest~ngi~erng.shown
see 1n quimen. that when self-field effects predominate, little reduction
and 28 Prevulsiori Systems in ac loss resultt from using multifilament composites as opposed
to bare superconductiosg wire When transverse field effects
preomlrinate. a substantial decrease in loss is prossible with
composite materiasl The effwc of transposing the individual
filaments within a composite hors been investigated. and it is
k73.1S0*1i Advisory Group for Aerospace Research %nd shown that the ac loss can be reduced for a limited tran" of
Dsxveonkpmerrt. Paris (Franciil conditions. Moteriol requirements for low loss conductors are
11tCHNiCAL EVALUATION REPORT ON 39TH PROPU LSION drscsaj uthtor
ANIJ ENERGETICS PANEL MEETING ON ENERGETICS FORdiues.
AIRCRAFT AUXILIARY POWER SYSTEMS
A H Johnson lAFAPLI. C E. Oberly (AFAPL). anid R E Guigley. N73-19033 Max -Planck-lInstitut fusr Plasmaphysik. Garching
Jr. (AFAPL) Nov. 1972 11 p refs Corif held 4t Coloriido (Wast Germanyi
Siprin~ios. 12-18 .Jun. 1972 ioiEOF SUPERCONOUCTORS FOR PU LSED EXPERIMENTS
IAG.'u10-AR-5O) Avail: NTIS HC $3.003 IN PLASMA PHYSICC
Ain evaluation of a conference to discuss current arid future A P Maflinelli Ir AGARt) Energetics lor Aircraft Auxiliary
dorsloitoorrits ii sircraft elic'.iical and aux;Iary power systems Power Systems Feb. 1972 7 p refs (For availability see
is rrasocrrteod Scoorcoriductrioity phenomena as rtaited to power N73-190'010-3
genearaition are emiphiasized The anticipated requirements imposed Superconductrint magnetics used in p~asma ar,5orimeiota and
on weight. 'jolumu. and performance of auxiliary power systems as an essential component of possible future thermonuclear
which roust operatea in a high temperaturte environment are rea'ntoos are discussed Many magnetic cunfigurations for plasma
analyzed. Author experioments and for reactors as well consist of a stationary
magnetic field produced by a 3uporconducting magnet system
an wh.;h 8 time dependent magnetic field is siipmrpsrosd Examples
are the sustained field configuration in theta pinch axpet-ments.

N73.1030+ Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and stellarators during switching on of the helical field. and tokarnrk~s
Ouvolopme.1t. Parts lFrance) and stellarators during the field pulse used for ohmic heating ci
ENERGETICS FOR AIRCRAFT AUXILIARY POWER $VS- the plasma The effect of pulsed magnetic fields on superconctdw
TEMSting coils is studind in a number of non-stabiltized sirgle-core
ASM h oIaa otrdat crtrDc 9 1 e nd multicore current carrying Nb-Ti superconductors i'. the form
4
AEl ;MoStl in. ENGISH. potrdartly inK;FR C Po.
1.f7 39thp short samprles en I small bifrlar or inductive coils Experimen-,
MeetinMosthei ANGA ISH paroplysion FndErNrgtCH Panel hel a9th tl results and calculation methods already repott ed are
Metn19teAGR rplin n nrei2 ae oda complemented and extended ofguain
The use anid limitation
sfel of supurcon-
eeaigo .
Colorado Srprings. 12-15 Jun. d1tr97pledmg2i
IGR-(:P-104) Aos-l NTIS HC 517 75 fedutr sielin colsemarntcreonfgrtintedilgnrtigo
Tepoodnsof a conference on tl'e use of superconduc- fil hedn ol r eotdAuthor
toivity technology for electrical power gesetretion in aircraft and
frmissles are presented. The advantages of superconductivity, for N73-19034 Union Carbide Corp. Tarrytown. N Y Linde Div.
power generation are described The 3ublects discussed include HIGH FIELD PLASMAA ARC-PLATED Nb3Sn SUIPERCON-
(1f behlavior of composite superconducting ~tarils.
12) DUCTING SOLENOIDS
superconducting generators in aircraft. (31 cryoge1nic and R. Alter Reese In AZSARD Energetics (fo Aircraft Auxiliaryi
inductive energy storage. (4) advanced airborne arjoisirVr power Power Systems Feb 1972 8 p refs (For availability see
systems. I SI extraction of auxiliary power frorm. arr breathing N73-19030 10-01))
'propulsion systems.o I6) electrical generation and distribution Conircal current data on ptjsma sprayed Nb3Sn conductor
systems for supersonic aircraft. and 17) non radiating superconsduc- for temperatures between 4 2 end 18 K and for magnetic rioelds
tong coils for energy storage. Line drawings. diagrams. charts, up to 92 k-lo Oersteds are reported This data and stabilization
tables. and graphs are included to clarify the theoretical aspects data are used to stwdy the effect on the mass of an airborne
For irndrvidual titles, see N73- 19031 thrrugh N73-19057 magnet Vsyterri oporotirig &t taoinpvraltuies atrve 4 2 K. an-d
using aluminum vs copper stabilized conductor the use of high
N73-19031 Supertachnology, Corp , Boston. Mess conductivity aluminum is sho~vn to substantially reduce the mass
STABILITY OF A SUPERCONDUCTOR AS INFLUENCED BY of the system For the system considered. operation at elevated
THE SUBSTRATE temperature is shown to result in a larger system mnsts since
Ahmed Elbinderi Int AuARD Enerigetics for Aircraft Auxiliary the increase in magnetic mass is much greater than the reduction
Power Systems Dec 1977 11 p tots (For availability see in refrigerator rrass A comparison is made between refrigeration
N73-19030 10-03) using a closed cycle refrigerator and using liquid helium carried
o or
:hubStr&tes on the stability of a superctr nductor
are discussed fecso
Metal cladding in superconductive technobgy, has
resulted in improved reliability in design and utilizing of critical N173-19035 Magnetic Corp of Arraricri. Cambridge. Mass
current donsatiens as an almoros!operating cond:,o.l The i01tage SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN STEADY STATE AND PULSED
versus current characteristics of suprig cond uctots are (Illistrated APPLICATIONS FOR FLIGHT VEHICLES
A numerical mnalysis of the performance of multi-lilament E J Lucas R J Thome. and Z J J Sickly rit AGARD Ensrgetics
superconductors iv. presqnted Several conclusions concerning the for Aircraft I sxiliary Power Syoitems Feb 1972 9 p Sponsored
electrical properties of su-tt-conduclofs and the effects of ven-ous in part by AFAPL (For avridabrlity see N73-19030 10-03)
*patroamete rsar presented PNF The ability of the Typer ft superconductor to develop high
maeanetic fields white carrying high currant densities naturally
11173-1111032 Warwick Univ Cos',-I~ry (England) Dept of leads to applications that are related to power conversion and
Errginoewiir energy stcirsgý Two mA:-r Apptirootinrts are preenniteod IlMM
THE BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE 5I4',EqCONDUC1INO magnet systems and Q2) pulsed inductive e:rergy storage
Pe*t~iRIALS UNDER aseCONDITIONS systems The use of superconductors in winding for MHD magnetols
A. Rft asithism and F G Rhode* fin AGARO t'gersfor orfe' definite advantages in size and weight wrinie compared
Aircraft Aoixiliary Power Systems Feb 1972 11 p 'efq (For voith room temperature or cryogenic coils using normnal conductor
aveilabilrty see N73- 19030 13-03) This is primarily due to the h~gher attainable current density in
 03 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

thes windings and is graphfiicty illustrated in plots which indicate therefore uses a highly stressed lightweight tructure of
the wminol" andifferen h~cII~
totaliand
in in Io $ whichtil for IIIlure
ghe r•tene difernce
and in total
Asspeic Comdvoeumt iar filament wound epoxy glass composite. The dewar us

aind field AstheCimc examnet . wesght and

1 superinslatton and vaiour Cooled radiation shields. Viration and
p
vneen9 esItimatesl are volume.
given for the magnet sysems requird f shock analysis and pressure vessel design critena determine the
several power levels and a lightweight magnet system currently minimum mass dewar design. Author
under development is descirbed A comparison of inductive energy
storage systems making use of normally resistive cryogenically
cooled and seperconducting coils is presented. as well as a
comparison between inductive and capacitive energy storage N73-19039 Magnetic Corp of America. Cambridge. Mass
elements The current state-of-the-art in pulsed superconducting SUPFRCONDUCTING GENERATORS
energy storage is discussed tcogether with a description of recent Z J J Stekly (Tex Univ Austin) end H. H Woodson In AGARD
results using a model coil Author Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary Power Systems Fob 1972
14 p refs Sponsored by United Aircraft Corp and AFAPL (Fof
availability see N73-19030 1003)
N73-19036 Cranfield Inst of Technology (England) The development of alternating current machines using
PROSPECTS FOR SUPERCONDUCTING GENERATORS IN sLpercnnduc'ing windings is discussed The design philusophy
AIRCRAFT sr•d detail, of specific experimental generators are examined
J T Hayden In AGARO Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary Power "'he chrrscterrsthcs of the faek, winding based on ele:tromagnetic.
Systems Feb. 1972 7 p refs (For availahiit see N73-19030 alectromechanical. structural, and cryogenic effects are deocnbed
10-03) The design criteria resulting from the interaction of thee
A review is given of the characteristics of presunt conventional parameters are developed The resultr, of a study of size and
alternators and aircraft electrcal power systems Prehiminsry weight as a function of power level and frequency are
considerations in the ust of superconducting windings in 400 Hz presented Author
alternators indicate that it .-. dil cult to argue a case in favour .4
of using superconducting .•it.,inea for typical Systems in use at N73.19040 Westinghouse Electric Corp . Pittsburgh. Po,
present Futher. there ,- prciably a minimum size of 400 Hz Research Labs
generator for which it im practical to introduce superconducting SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRICAL MACHINERY
windings below which there is no significant reduction in weight C J Mole. J H Parker. Jr. and L R Lowry In AGARD
If sys.ems requiring powers of a fey, megawatts are considered. Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary Power Systems Feb 1972
then the case for superconducting machines is much more 15 p refi (For availabilty se N73-19030 10-031
(ConIrct F336s5-71 .C- t591)
promising providing that some cryogen (such as liquid nitrogen
or lquid hydrogen) is already in the aircraft and available for The more important types of supercorducting machines. the
cooling intermediate heat shields. Continued development in features and problems inherent in such machines. and the more
lightweight airborne helium refrigerators ia also needed Author promising appliCeltons are revewed Bcth ac and dc superconduc-
sing machines are discussed with particular emphasis on the

N73-19037 Laboratore Central des Industries Electriques application of ac machinis for aircraft use Recent and current
developments in the field are reported Author
(France)
APPLICATION OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY TO HOMOPOLAR
MACHINERY USING LIQUID METALS N73-19041 Commissariat a I'Energio Atornqua. Seclay (Franco)
J P Chabrerre. G Fournet. andA Marlfferl In AGARD Energetics ENERGY STORAGE AND fISCi:ARGE BY SUPERCONDUC-
for Aircraft Auxiliary Power Systems Feb 1972 4 p refs TORS ISTOCKAGE ET DECHJ.RGE D'ENERGIE AU MOYEN
(For availability see N73-19030 10-03) OU SUPRACONOUCTEURSI
The concept of a homopolar machine with multiple discs P Genevey. G. Prost. J Sole. and 8 Girard In AGARD Energctics
for Aircraft Auxiliary Power Systems Jan 1971 8 p refs
and supercorducting field winding, using liquid metals for the
armature sliding electrical contacts is described The possibilities In FRENCH (For availability see N73-19030 10-03)
Atter an examination of the principles of electric energy
of these kinds of rma.hines used as motors or powe supplies
aof analyzed These machines operate with a low voltage and a storage and discharge, a detailed analysis was made of load
high armature current, and their main features are an important operations. trapping and different problems raised about storage
power-to-weight ratio and .o good efficiency The main results and discharge The effects of toad operation on the utilization of
of several studies are presented These studies have led to the high flux pumping and the discharge that is released by means
development of a 60 kW flooded rotor homopolar motor operating of rapid transition supercrinductor commutators are also analyzed
Experimental results are included, reansaby E H W
at low speed (800 f,'min) After a short description of the
model motor and a brief account of the main test results, the
paper concludes wvi'h the choice of liquid metals, their applications N73-19042 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raum-
fahrt. Stuttgart (West Germany) Inst fuer Energiewandlung und
to more powerful machines and the influence o0 the use of
liquid metals on the machine morphology itself Author Elektrische Antriebe
RESEARCH ON CRYOGENICS AND INDUCTIVE ENERGY
STORAGE AT THE DFVLR
N73-19038 Ferranti-Packard Electric, Ltd . Toronto (Onteriol C Carpets In AGARD Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary Power
LIGHTWEIGHT SUPERCONUUCTION MAGNET FOR systems Feb 1972 7 p refs (For availability see N73-19030
AIRBORNE MHD GENERATORS 10-031
David L Atherton I.r AGARD Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary The use of superconducting coils for energy storage is
Power Systems Feb 1972 9 p refs Spcnsored by USAF discussed The objective was to fird the uptimizing parameters
Aeropropulsion Lab and Canadian Defence Res Board (For and to define the problems which involve the technical rise uf
availability see N73-19030 10-03) inductive energy storage ft wvs determined mat it) the
A large lightweight saddle-coil superconducting dipole magnet geometry of the coils is essential for optimal performance (21 high
for airborne MHO generators is described The niagnet has a critical current density rather than high critical field is important
room temperature bore of 27 7 cm. a winding bore 0f 33 cm for optimal devices, and (3) the mass of the superconductor
A design field of 4 5 tests, a magnetic length of 105 cm and a may be small as compared with the needed structural mass
mass of 450 kric1Qrsms The ilipole field is gnernAte"d by psncilre The development of crr-ogenicalir .orled dev,,ri. particularly in
winding whose c'osa sectiofal outline approximates overlapping the presence of time varying fields, is reported Author
circles Lightweight necessitates high current density. 2.100e in
a 2 mm square conductor containing 200 twisted Nb-Ti filaments N73-19043 Centre dEludes et Recherches de Is Compagnie
in a copper matrix The Lorenz repulsive force between opposite Electro.Mecanique Le Rourgel {Fr.ncei Groupe d'Etudes
sides of the magnet is 3850 kilogauss per centimeter ot coil Cryotechniiques
length There are also large compressive forces on the former NONRADIATING SUPERCO.JDUCTINC. COILS FOR
and repuls ie forces between the ends The mechanical struc- ENERGY 'qTORAGIE
 03 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS 66

M. Garyta. S. Girard. and A. Malardein In AGARO Energetics conatruction of conical and cylindrical shape, without any '
lot Aircraft Auxiliary Power Systems Feb. 1972 6 p refs mechasnically movao. rotating 3t cescillating parts A spark plug
(Fewatailability see N73- 19030 10-03i for intermittent axnitarnl ignition for starting and a fuel control
The characternstics of superconducting coils as energy storage device belo" to the basic version of the engine. The turbine, is
aemlements are investigated together with the main problems driven by) the hot gases whict. are intermittently explled from
afecinq their doetv,li selecromagnetic forces, energy raiatio n th~ecomnbustion chamber The power unit can also be seilectively
and discharge Ioosaes. An ellipsoid coil set into a shielding coi used after diverqon as a propulsion engine. The low costs of
is then dc. crtbod. its outer field is zero and its shape suitable manufacturing and maintenance for such engines are pointed
to withstand the electromagnetic forces The reliaticon sto, cA The influence of the most rmporion, parameters is explaineid
tal coil located in a stainless steal cryostat was built allowing shock wave rate, is an important functional feature of the pulse
for the control of the calc-ilation method and the study of the let engine Ato
effect of the difference: between the real and the theoretical Ato
shap-s Author N73-19048AiFoc enPousoLa.WrgtPtesn

th-104
re Rlaunifahrttchnik G6 b H, Bremen 'West DUA OE LOb. WUIIR
NTF RHIGHt-MAtteso
ADVANCED POWEA GENERATIO N IN MISSILES Buryl L. McFadden. Jr and Richard E Quigley. Jr In AGARD
0. Stumpf, H Loexiji. ;nd H Shorf in AGARO Energetics for Energetic for Aircraft Auxiliary Power Systems Feb 1973
Aircraft Auxiliary Po*er Systems Feb 1972 13 p refs fFor 9 p refs (For availability see N73-19030 10-031
availability see N73 19030 10-03) Advanced high performance aircraft are projected to employ
Pwrgerint:c-ing systemns and their application in modern ramjet turboramlet. and roclretramlet engines Since ramjet
mte-ie o tepidcto
o ydali ndo eetrcenergy egnsdnoicrpatrttngmembers. they cannot provide
aediscussed A sytmwih nlssfr5dfeetsystems shaft horsepower for aircralft accessories and flight control
iscocia!ohich shows the application regimnes in terms of stesTrfo.smeomofaxlrypower source will be
ouptpowit. and miso ieDtiso eetydeveloped required to furnish the hydraulic, electric, pneumatic and shaft
copnnsart ien Auth~r power for the various aircraft systems during flight, thus the
auxiliary power sourLe Must become the prime and only source
N73.19045 AiResearch Mfg Co. Phoenix. Art;
ADVANCED AIRBORNE AUXILIARY POWER SYSTEM
D F. Swenski, L Wi Norman, and A 0 Meshew In AGARO
Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary Power bystems Feb 1972
of shaft power during high speed flight Various power source
configuratiorns to accomplish this are reviewed with ernphasx
on the potential of a single dual mode power bource sizedi to
provide all fligrit vehicle power throughout the entirt operating
I
12 p ratfIFor availability see N73-19030 10-03) regime of the aircraft incliding ground standby Since they are
IF an accessory drive system to form an auxiliary power system optimization of both the main propulsion engines and the power
lAPS) Ti P a sda nepoaoydvlpetts ytmAto
bed for the development of advanced technology components
The APS included a 300 equivalent shaft horsepower APU N73-1904.R British Aircraft Co~p. Preston (Englandl Military
configured to furnish bletd air from a split flow impeller and Arrf .
shaft power at 130 F. see level amrbient conditions The APS AIrcERAfTIO OFAXLAR O E SYSTEMS WITH
was designed to provide standby power separate from the THE MULTI-SPOOL ENGINE
accessories and engine drive train, checkout engine starting. Lon W Milsom In AGARD Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary
and err' rgency power through a high-speed torque converter P',wer Systems Feb 1973 8 p iFor availability see N73-19030
The design of the APS was intended to form a test bed 10-03)
representing the optimum configuration as determined from a As engine technology advances certain engine/ airframe
systemxo analysis, with a high aegrees of flexibility such that the itraepolm rs iharrf uiir oe ytm
components thus developed may be applicable to many other isnteac problemnstarise taircraft a uxhepilcipary
powmper
sytem
futur APSdesi ns A thorpaper exam ines the difficulties in m eeting the airfram e mech anic,,li
N73-1904S Kloeickner -Humboldt - outz A G3. Oberurset (West power requirements of gen'ýritrng excessive wasted energy -n
Germany) :If bleed
and systems
airframe and of d.ssips!!ng the waste heat fromn argzuta
accessories Much closer collaboration betweein
AUXILIARY POWER UNITS FOR SECONDARY POWER airframe and engine contractors at the early stage of an aircraft
SYSTEMS project, in crder to develop a eombined approach to the solution
Erwin Schnsell In AGARD Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliasy Power of these problens. is recommended AtthorI
Systems Feb. 1972 9 p (For availability see N73-19030
The design principles for the auxiliary power anits of a N73-19050 Motoren-Und Turbinen-Inion Muenchen G ri b H
secondary power system for use in aircraft are presented The jWest Germany)
single shaft turbine is compared with the free power turbine for EXTRACTION OF AUXILIARY POWER FROM AIRSRf.ATH-
auxiliary power unit applications The equipments operated by ING PROPULSION SYSTEMS
the auxiliary power unit is discussed and the components of Klaus Boaurfeind In AGARD Energetics for Aircraf /t Aixaier-
the electrical system are analyzed Author Power Systems Feb 1973 13 p (For availability :ee N7'!-19030
10-031
N73-19047 Messerschmitt-Eoelkow G3mb H. Munich (West The characteristics of gas turbine engines for use as
Germany) auxiliary power sources are discussed The direct supply of
PULSE JET ENO1INE AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR mechanical powe' and pressurized air from turbines it. examined
AUXILIARY POWER UNITS. PULSE GAS TUFISlN- The most important criteria for the auxiliary power sources are
WITHOU T COMPRESSOR identified as (1l maximumn possible power dleivery points.
W K Eick In AGARD Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary Power 121 compiessor surge margins. (3) effect o~i handling clisracteris-
Systems Feb, 1972 12 p, (Fiji availbayrit bee N73. 19030 tics of nd (41 effectj on wr-vndrnil!ing chjractcrrstrcs of
arcit
10-03) turbine engine Data are presented in the form of graphs to
A short survery of the etemerits of an intermittent pulse let Show interrelationships oi turbine engine parameters. Author
engine, open on both sides which has been tested up to the
supersonic speed is presented The results show that such an N73-190015 Politecnico di Milanoc (Italy) xl di Macchineo
aIrbirtathin~i
upon a turbine can foralso
unitrotor be used
taking as a gas power
off mechani~cal The acting
gene;ator basic
A METhIOD FOR PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF MHD
GENERATOR PERFORMANCE
design of the engine consists of a thin-walled welded steol C Coaci. A Coohe and U Gheai In AGAR1D Energet"c for
M

03 AUXILIARY SYSTEMS

Aircrairt Auxiliary jiwear Systemns Feb. 1972 17. 0 rots (Fm a ue r eotd o acltn ieinlec faitai
Sevre iablitV a"eP 1..-19030 10-03) O u1 r eotdfrcluaigteifus"o daai
machratestsca of mzsgnetohydroidynamic efraesI,041 compression on transmission power of hydraulic systens
aiereratt and peacescrallt applications are discussed. A method for COCA~~ were also made of ptcmp and motor destruction,
anaftyting the, parameters of a maegretofrydrodlynamic: generator and the valves Of thermal desttuctori due to 04 Overheating in
is developed The asti sobindby fixing the total onthsalpicthpu s an bEHW
diffeareince betweein the inletl and outlet sesctrons of the duct anid
by examining the various possibilitoies through which such a N73-19066 British Aircraft Corp. W-,trmdge (Englandl
condition may be achieved Thermodynamic and eleictroma~gnetic PNEUMATICS ltd SUPERSONIC VNERIJEIICS
quantitieas are studied in relation to the velocity difference between John Wot-ton In AGARO Eniergestic, for Aircraft Auxiliary Powe~r
the inleft and outlet sections of the duct and by some other Systems Feb 1973 1'- p (For Svai"Abillity seet N73-19030
pa1rameters, such as expansion ratio and form factor of the 10-03)
duct Author A Pneumatics orientated integrated system concept developed
for subsonic civil aircraft is examined in its relation to supersonic
Aro AirFore
N73-905 PopusionLab Wrght a~ssonoperation The principle of waste heat extraction for the generation
AFB,0S AiOhcior rplio a rgh-atro of autiliary power Srjpplies is found to be even more viable dlue
AtE.ILPMý
OhARRATEECRCo O E to greeter cabir) pressure differentisl during cruiso. and the level
SYSTIREFTMLCTIASPOE of engine compressor tapping required in consequence. The
Robert H4 Johnson In AGAIFI Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary economics of engine bleed are examined in the light of virtually
Power Systems Feb 19'/2 7 p refs IFor availability see free electrical generation in the method employed Pneumatic
N?3- 1 03C 10-03) power convt..sion is shown to be at least competitive with
A summary r." Air Force research end eelsenpr-hydraulic and other equivalents. and the requirements of Power
Grow.s in airc-aft ecttical power systems and components isligcnrl obestsatil e
presented The p' innein2 process u..ed to validate research
-'ograrns i:d-scussed wit, emphasis on the resultant motivation N73-19067 Pisa Uiniv (Italy) Facolta di Ingelanerra
to develop specific classes of technology Soecific programs CHOAX H L MOMADETLS GUNPLSMAM TO
TIA NPLE
diacuzrad are 0t 1 "lid~ state power controllers. (2) gate controlled MOAXAndLuc HYRMCarGUad AGE NSazrrt . GROEegtc
switcli techiusologer. iJl solid state electric power simulator tests.M nruciMCail.ndALzeetIGADErgis
area :4) high termperature olectrical generators. wire, and for Aircraft Auxiliary Power Systems Feb 1972 '. p refs
connectors Auhr(For availability See N73-t9C30 10-03)
A thevretical study of the Performance of Pulsed c misual
N73-19053 Vought Aeronautics Dallas. Tex plasma guns is described The electromechanical equatroas are
APPLICATION OF SOLID STATE SrImvTCHING AND derived for a snowplow model shiowing for a variable initial
MULTIPLEXING TO AIRCRAFT ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS mass-loading distribution Computer results for lwr(, farmilies of
Oyere W Jones (AFAPLI and Jimr Courter In AGARD Energetics distributions are presented and analyzed The values 0f the system
for Pwer Axiliry Fe
ircrft ystes 197 9 pi~orPefrareterS thll Yieldl thghes! vel-ue of linretic effc:ency are
foraircabilty Auilar
N7 ower3 Sytm0 Fb093) l determined for widely varied conditions A mooefied model ullowing
avail en 19030
piabiits of3 stte0-03 ngmltpexn.)n for the actual variation of the magnetic pressure with thsa radius
The
soidpplcaton
tat swtchng
f mltilexng.andis formulated and Preliminary results for this model are dirrcussed
electrically programmable logic to aircraft electrical systems is Finally an account is given of the numerical methods employed
discussed The effects of thif use of solid stale switching in solving the sets of coupled difforenlial equations deacnbrng
technology on electrical system weight. reliability. electromagnetic ihe system in the assumed models Ato
interference, and quality of power delivered to loads are analyzed tho
A summary of problems encountered with proposed solutions.
during a progiam in which a completely solid state electriccl
system for ap A 7 aircraft was evaluated. is inchided Areas of
improvement and expanded capability are also enumerated
Author

N73-19054 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Fafinborough (Eingland)

Engineering Physics Dept
ELECTRICAL GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
FOR FUTURE SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT
A Sarnbrridge In AGARO Energetics for Aircraft Auxiliary Power
Systems Feb 1972 7 p refs (Fur availability bee N73 19030
10.03)
The size of the total electrical load and the temperature
range oveir which some components will have to ape.slte make
it necessary to study new generation and distiibution techniques
to satisfy the demands of future aircraft flying in the supersonic
or hypersonic range This pap~ei is restricted to supersonic
aircraft and discusses recent proposals for improved distribution
systems incoror sting solid State sw~lching and Using remote
control of protective devices through a multiplexed system The
scope for high temperature wiring -s briefly discussed and a
r',w recent developments in generators ai~d power cables are
described. since the generating system is particularly vulnerabie
to extreme environmental conditions Author

N73-19055 Societe d Applications deis Machines Moir-ces S A.-

Issy-les-Moulirieaux lFrancel
ADIABATIC COMPRFSSION OF OILS EASILY MEASURED
FROM PUMP A ND MOTOR YIELD ICOMPRESSION
ADOIASATI U E DES NUILES MESURES AISEES DES
MENDEMENTS DES POMPES ET MOTEURS1
Jacques Faistendler In AGARD Energetics for tsirc~att Ausiliary

Power Syste-ns 1) 1972 bi p In FRENCH lFor availability

son N73 19030 13 -031

04 BIOSCIENCES 67 ý

11 EFFECTS ON HUMAN PERFORMANCE OF COMBINED

04 BIOSCIENCES ENV-iRO0NMENFAL STRESSES W F Grethe, IAMRLI 10O1 refs
ISee N71 20362 09
04 '
Indudee, sirseC miledtuio.. extobsooifi. toldiation~ effiecils 2 IHE NOVEL TASK AS A MEAS"JRF OF PERFORMANJCE
otwasir ori reated og
. p eaofla
"aals 0nd Yvteh9iCII UNDER ENVIRONMrtNTLSRS M F Alinuil lRoyal A.r Force
facte. t~d~
amalofimele ~Inst of Aviation Medicine Fairntborough. Englandi 4 p ref? ISee
N 71 20363 0904,
I.- IS LABORATOPY EXPERIMENTATION USEFUL FOR
STUDYING HUMAN ADAPTATION TO UNINHABITABLE SENSORY
N71-20076# Adv'%ory Group fo Aerospace Research and ENVIRONMENTS' R Angiboust (Centre DlEnserignemeni El Do
Dowv.Iopment. Paris (Frdnce) Recherchrs De Mede~c.ne Aeronautique Paris France) 7 p (See
CLO*SARY OF AEROSPACE MEDICAL TERMS. N?) 20364 09 041
ENGLISH-FRENCH AND FRENCH-ENGLISH IOLOSSAIRE 14 THE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC METH-OD IN AVIATION
0[f TERMIES UITILISES EN MEDECINE AEROSPATIALE. PSYCHIATRY IN THE TREATMENT OF SOME SYNUiROMES OF
ANGLAIS-FRANCAIS ET FRANCAISI-ANALAISI A REACTIVE CHARACTER L Longo (Italian Air Force
D I Fryer, ad Jan 1971 54 P (of in j;,iGLlSH and FRENCH Psycho Phsrological Inst . Naples! 1O ; refs (See N71 20365
Revised 09 041
IAGARD-AG-153-71. AGARDOGRAPH-153I Avail NTIS 15 EýrPERIMErNTAL RESEARCH ON HEAT BALANCE
A glossary of new terms is presented by the AGARD Affrospiaict OF ATHLETES OF VARIOUS SPECIALTIES. DURING MUSCULAR
Medical Panel The terms are lintled to those having a specific EXERCISE IN DIFFERENT THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS P Rota
meaning in Aerospace Medicine or peculiar to that field of study Mlalian Air Force Aerospace Medical Center Ronre Italy) and A
Author Todaro !Accrderl Prevent Nall Agency Res Centerl 8 p refs
(See N71 20366 09 04,
16 ENERGY METABOLISM OURING EXPOSURE TO
N71-20351# Advisory Graup for Aeiospace Researcn and EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS C F Consolazro H L Johnson and
Development Pairrs
(Fran--, H J Krzywicki lAriry Miiedical Research and Nutrition Lab) 11 D
ADAPTATION AND ACCLIMATISATION IN AEROSPACE rels iSee N,; 20367 09 041
MEDICINE 17 ME TABOLIC IMBALANCES AND BODY
H J Grunhofer .rd Ma' 197; 201-pm~ Pieserrted a[ HYPOHYDRA71ON DURING FOOD DEPRIVATION 110 DAYSI C
27th Aerospace Med Pareir Meeting farnrryh Pairlnrkiicherr West F Con-,olaz.C H L Jotinson arnd H .j KizywrCki (Armry Medical
Germany. 14 - 18 Sep 1 7170 Research and Nutirlrol La 1 8 f' r4!I (See N7t 20368 09-041
(AGARD CP 827 1) Avail NTIS 18 T'-IE INFLUENCE OF ENVIPONMENTAL FACTORS
IN AIRCRAF.' CARRIER LANDINGS AND ACCIDENTS C A
T
CON EN'T S - pA)c..actn aiacc C. ?
1 ACOUSTIC FATIGUE OF HUMANS EXPOSED 7O refs (S-reN7 1 2036909 02'
NOISE G C TOlhursI iONR Ari~ngton) i/a i 1) r efs (See 19 EFFE'CT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO
N71120352 09 04, 21 MiM HG AMBIENT P Sub C02 ON EXERCISE RESPO>ISE OF
2 GROWTH AND RECOVERY OF TEMPORARY THRESHOLD NORMAL MAN R D Sinclaii J M Clark and B E Welch
SHIFTS FOLLOWING EXTENDED EXPOSURE TO HIGH LEVEL (School of Aerospace Medicinel 9 p refs ISee N7 1 20370 09-041
CONTINUOUS NOISE J 0 Mosko and J L Fletcher (Army Med 20 VOLITIONAL CONTROL OF VISUAL ACCOMMODATION
Aes Laý . Fort Knox Ky)1 7 p rels fSee N71 20353 09 041 R J Randle INASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field Callf I
3 CARDIAC AND NEURAL EFFECTS OF RADAR 13 1) iel, LSee N7t 20371090C4)
WAVELENGTHS A H Frey lRaridomline In. 6 p (See
N7 1-20354 09 04)
4 FLIGHT CREW ADA)ITABILITY TO THE HELICOPTER N7 1-20362* Offr.e of Naval Research. Arlington Va
VIBRATION ENVIRONMENT J W Danaher %MatrixCorp ACCOUSTIC FATIGUUE OF HUMANS EXPOSED TO NO'SE
Alesandira Val 5 p) rels (See N71 20355 09 041 Gilbert C Tfollrursl I- AGARD Adaptationr arid Acclrinatisation in
5 VIBRATION IN V;STOL AIRCRAFT W L Jones Aerospace f.Td Mar 1971 8 p rely -See N7t 20351 09-041
fNASA Washington r)CI 10 p rely (See N7 1 203565 09-04: Avail NTIS
6 EFFECT OF POSTURE ON TOI ERANCE TO POSITIVE Since riurnair larr(ure is nil Iruiy a rar~e b. L';riO0o,,n9
haii-,6
10 Suit z) ACCELERATION R J Crosslev and D H Glarster iRoyal an analocty from thre mirrefial scrences an attempt has beer) made
Air Force Inst of Aviation rviedicint. Farnborouqh Englandjl 8 p to ourtlrine both rihysril')qrcallý andi psycholoorCally the lrimits and
refs (See N71 20357 09 041 ranges of the resp-onse to acorrstrc strimuirr leinrird elastrcity.
7 EFFECTS OF PO:SITIVE Gy ACCELERATION ON BLOOD deformation and destruction Th-u precision is no hetter or no vvc~e
OXYGEN SATURATION AND PLEURAL PRESSURE than -he sami: termns applied 10 metal falique Present damage-risk
RELATIONSHIPS IN DOGS BREATHINC FIRST AIR THEN LIGUID cirleria if slic(Ily alitlrliec by inrluslry the military or by social
FLUOROCARBON IN A WHOLE BODY WATER IMMERSION services oftgariizatiofls shouild inalerrally reduce the incidence of
RESPIRATOR D J Sass. L. L 9lillan P E Caskey 4 Gre'rnleaf noise induced hrearing losses to appirermately 85 10 95 Percent of
and IN Sanchero at al (Mayo Clrnicl 15S p rely rjee N7t -203'.r8 a Dopulaliori Considlcr3ble airro~rris of data are ri~eced to allow airy
09-04) particular indrividlual s su~ceplib~liy to b-' predi. red with precision
8 AGE AND EXERCISE AS FACTORS INFLUENCING While considerable ieyearr~h effort has yieldleu evei increasingly
OS;TEOPOROSIS BONE STRENGTH AND ACCELERATION elegant niethoils to qirantily potentially hazardous noise environments
TQLERIANCE L E Kazarian and H E Von Genie iAMnlLi 2 t as well as comrmunicatioiis niefllefraiqi~ ones the consejuences of
r-*Is (See N71 20359 09 041 Iiioloir~led noise extiosurir. reed exteirsive evperinierital valrdation

9 PROBLEMS OF AL.'.PTATION TO LONG RANGE Author

LARGE SCALE AERIAL TROOP DEPLOYMENT S C Knapp (A~rnf
Aeiromedical Researich Lab 1 14 p) rely (Sr- N71 2036009 041 N71 203538 Army Meilial Rr'sear,ýh Lab fort Knox Ky
10 IMPULSIVENESS AND ANXIETY RE LATED ;0 Erpvermentla Psychtology Div
PERCEPTUAL MOTOR PERFORMANCE E S Elanrall iiexas Univ GROWTH AND RECOVERY OF TEMPORARY 1NRESHOLO
Galveston) and G Tolhurst rONA Airliririon Va i 5 pi ref, IS"r SHIFTS FOLLOWING EXTENDED EXPOSURE TO HIGH
N71 20361 C9 041 LEVEL. CONTINUOUS NOISE
 es 04 BIOSCIENCIES

N71.2O3S7# Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine

;A~mOS 0 Mosko and John L Fletcher /nAGAriD Adaptation Farnborough (England)
and Accilii'atsat~on in Aerospace Med Mar 19, 1 7 p refs EFFECT OF POSTURE ON TOLERANCE TO POSITIVE (Oil
tSee N7! 20351 09 04) ACCELERATION
AvailA NSRj Crossley and 0 H Glarster In, AGARO diaptat~on and
Requirenaents of long term opesations for both air and AcChmatisatiolil in Aensotcace Med Mar 19~7 1 8 p refs (See
ground military personnel havs increased in rae-eit years. Ind the N71 20351 09 04)
probabitlity of having such personnel exposed to hazardou. noise Avail NTIS
ievels and duratscnai has increased Research was undertaken to The effect 01 aryrnqIlte postu~e of eight riubiects on their
investigate the effects of tong term exposure on (he auditory rlxdrr~u ~rsod a ensuidSxage ftesa
thresholds (fo discrete tonal signals 'id the recoverye from any back between 70 ding to the horizontal and 15 deg and rates of
tempnforaro thresholold shift Evidence indicates a Gradual growth in onset of acceleration of t 0) g.'sc ind 1 1 g, sec were used The
temporary threshold shift (TTSI over 12 16 hours of exposure with q threstrolds of all subjects with both rate- of onset. increased as
an asymptotic TTS configuration extending through 48 haurs of flre track anglte dlecreaserd and were directly ptroportional to the
exposure Full recovery is attained in approximately 23 24 hours le-~pr~iai Of ihe vertical distance between the eye and the
after cessation of exposure the results of this research could lead haemortyiramrc indifferenrce point The dereie of ineck flexnion was
to reconsideration of the damage risk criteria for noise exposure obse.rveo'd to have little efflect on the thieshrolds at any one
and to the design of protective devices Author .iriqle F~iifi StiblectIS also vsore an anii q~ suit for further threshold
itelerrriiiatiorr vvtir seat hack angles of 70 deq 30 deg and 15
iteg Tire nlcriease iii threslicidsl pjroduced Pr' the anti q suit vsas
N? 1.20364D Randomlino Inc Willow Grove Ps ftile sanie for each dangle Comparison 01 the thresholds observed
CARDIAC AND NEURAL EFFECTS OF RADAR V,!hthCIn ,S) alvs of oiiscl sross (liar the 0 1 qgsec rale leads
WAVELENGTH$ to higjhr. threhoord, than the 1 0 Q~ sec rAte These strdides indicate
Allan H Frey In AGARD Adaptation and Acclimatisatron in thrat a [lear stiririrr iostiiri- r:omicrbned with an antig suit can
Aerospace Med Mar 1971 6 p (See N71 -20351 09-041 irvio-le elaninr qn tliriesolis oinnthe tregion of 6 to 8 q while
Avail NTIS 1,ii-rrti-iq aotrquatv foryant siiro Such a postuie Nonild have the
Results of ex~perimentation onl 'he cardiac effects of UHF energy artitded atlsaiita4Le Of Cxposiiic thre andr~ew to - sub x accelerator.
aer reviewed A Sories of three experiments were conducted, the liuiriii ýIclinoldi Author
first two experiments used isolated frog hearts and the third used
intact frogs The UHF energy was synchronized wrth events rn the N71-20358' I Mayo~ Clinic Rochester Mfrin Graduate School
ECG in an attempt to drive the heart Synchronization with the R of Medicine
wave had significant effects Author EFFECTS OF POSITIVE GV ACCELERATION ON BLOOD
OXYGtN SATURATION AND PLEURAL PRESSURE
RELATIONSHIPS IN DOGS BREATHING FIRST AIR. THEN
N71-20365# Mtinx Corr..Alexandri-a Va lIQUID FLUOROCARBON IN A WHOLE BODY WATE(C
FLIGHT CREW ADAPTABILITY TO THE HELICOPTER IMMERSION RESPIRATOR
V118RATION ENVIRONMENT 0 J Sass. E LARamani P E Caskey J Greenileaf N Elancherro
3 W Danahoer in AG NRO Adapitatrion and Acclimatisation' in et at Itr AGARO Adaptationl and Acclirmatrsation in Aerospace
Aerospace Mod Mar 1971 5 p refs Spor~sored by ONR (See Med Mar 1971 15 p ref, Sponsored in part by Navy ( See
N7 1 20351 09-04) N71t20351 09 041
Avail NTIS GCrantlNGR 24 003 001 Contracr F41609 69 C 0058 Grant NIH
Interpretations of research literature cyrncertiing the effects HE 3332,
of vibratio'n on man are presented Described are some effects of iNASA CR- 1 171991 Avail NTIS C.. ;106S
vibration on Ihe alerformarice of certain flight crew tasks required A total body w..ter inmerSion mechanical respiration body
by emerging helicopter missions Specifically the imprlications lot support assembly has been used with dogs on the humnan
long duration, Search and rescue and cssault support missions are centrifuge to compare effects of 1 Gy and -6 G, arcele~atron on
discussed Tasks associated wi~th the operation of various human cardjiovasculiar antI rspiraatory function in (jogs i rider thirne conditions
d!;:g !n-!i
.. Z.&Or 3 1h l -mliti nn re,!a:: :2! *oa!!,, ;rrnc:ýcd i-i a !.nt; f;:!GJ
other displays are also analyzed A~ess requiring further resezich are respiria:or chamber providing control of respiratciy rate tidal and
definred anid engineenrinj approaches to the solution ol the helicopter residual volumres when breathingr air or oxiigen and 13i when
vibration problem are outlined Author respriredl in the same manner wilth oxygenated liquid fiuo~o.-arbois
The results indicate that ill arterial hypoxemia due to dependent
pu'monaly ailerioveirous shiunrting caused by acceleration is not
rriininiiozei Dy ware r irrimersicn alone 12r dols can he respired with
N71t20354* National Aeronautic-, and Space Administration lriquid fluiorocarbon cii four houirs or longer without clinical ,igns
Washington. D C of rescliixotv rtrstressý 131 liquid respiration prevented deper dent
VISRATION IN V; STOL AIRCRAFT nirlmonary artirnaveircis slinintoinir at 6 Gy 14) vertical gradren'
Walton L Jones In AGARD Adaptation and Acchmratisation in or, pleural vrressirre 4iar-elres were atrproximarely 0 7 cm 1-20i cm
Aeros~pace Med Mar 1971 tO p refs (See N7 1 2035 1 09 041 vertical distance betr'eeir plesial ralheter tips iii air breathing dogs
(NASA-TM-X-66956) Avail NTIS CSCL0OSS iii contiast To LJiraete Iran 1 0 cm H20 cm vertical distance in
The ridrecomfort program being conducted at Langley Research licnit tieatirrig experimrents and 151 rigurd breath. previrnieni
Canter is described This program assesses tholse characteristics of iroe-tal rtisolaierrenrs of the heart and nic icd~tr
iiStrucluren

V/ Sf01 vibration which influence human comfort Vehicle to delietrldent sites in, Iva thorax arid Froentlye nuiiaohr cally einident
mieasuirlements correlated with the results from simulation experiments prilinonair- aterectasi; in ileoendent regrirs A~uthor
wilt yield the recommended ride comfort criteria Also described is
2
(I! a pianncni st-..dr of an. Jc;:ic wib-a*io- .;!a.o. etm dcýig-cd N~71 0359m A--_~~ri~ lii,; ,r'., or
iiLtiii veiriqnirta lerson
10 6liMnat14e apprfoximately 90% of the vibration at the poor rary A) B O1..,
frequency cf IS cycles per second and (21 a ride comfort simulator AGE AND EXERCISE AS FACTORS INFLUENCING
having three degrees of freedon a payloard CaPacily of 5000 OSTEOPOROSIS. BONE STRENGTH. AND ACCELERATION
pounds and vertical ann lateral direction rtasog peak to preak double TOLERANCE
complrude of six inches with plus and minus 0 5 9 A L ~..~i I it t ~i n iAAt Aiataliai)r art
04 BIOSCIENCES 69

Acclumatriatoon in Aerospace Mod Mat 1971 21 p refst Se. studies Although the number of past studies is not sufficieot t0
N7 1 20351 09 04) present a Consistent or conclusive picture they do suggest that
(AMAI. TR-70.74f Avait NTIS combinstion, of environmentat stresses dn not present a speciat
Spinal entury assoiciated with escape from high oterioirmancre hazard in flying that coutd not be anticipated from resultts of single
aircirft has tended to occur more frequentty in the aneld than th strens studies Author
yournger arrcrewor-nn propulation Although an age influence for this
trawtsa has not been clwarty, demoinistrated, it must be hypotheied U71-20363#3 Royat Air Force Inat or Avsetron Meolodicine.
Osteoporoisis is panl of the normat aging process end accompanies Farntborough lEngland)
most diseases affecting man Disuse osteoporosis appears to be THlE NOVEL TASK ASI A MEASURE OF PERFORMANCE
an exaggeration of the normal aging orocess Mechanical sitre"s uch UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS
as that produced by exercise and physical activity is necessary M F Altnurt In AGARD Adaptaticin and Acclrmatisatcr in
for the retention of skeletal mess and may be a specific influence Aerospace Med Mar 1971 4 g, refs (See, N71.203fi 1 09,(14)
in controlling the adverse effects of osteoporosis To produce a Avail NTIS
partial answer to the questions raised and their potentirb operational Experiments were conducto.l to dstermine human pe~formance
s~jrjificance. 24 adult rhesus monkeys we.re subjected to 60 days on a complex reasoning last unde* the stresses of timpisraluure and
ol Physical inactivity The results show a dlecrease in spinax impact altitude In the analysis of tile dmvaspecial attentiont was gyaen to
tolarance in terms of vertsbral body fracture when experimentally tlhose situations in which the subtac~s first acquaintalnce with the
produced costeoporutic primates were exposed to whole body task was under the stress condition The experimental work along
longitudinat spinal impact Histopathological examination at points with a drscussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using
0f tendinous and ligamentous attachment show increased Wine a novel task ro assess per'ormance under ernvironmental stress is
modeling activity Aulthor briofly discussed Author

N711-20360# Army Aefromedical Reserarch Lab Fort Rucker Ata

PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION TO LONG RANGE LARGE N71-20364# Centre d Enseignement at do Recho.Ches do
SCALE AERIAL TROOP DEPLOYMENT Medecine Atlronautigqae. Pasris (Fronte) Lab Central do biologie
Stanley C Knappi in AGARO Adaptation and Acclimatisation in Aeronautigue
Aerospace Med Mar 197t 14 p) refs (See N71 2035 109 04) 19 LABORATIORY EXPERIMENTATION USEFUL FOR
Avail NTIS STUDYING HUMAN ADAPrATION TO UNINHABITABLE
Stresses end adaptation problemsx demonstrated during large SENSORY ENVIRONMVENTS. IL'EXPERIMENTATION ENo
sciile.iong rin~efi rapid reaction time aerial troop deployments are LASORATOIRE EST-ELLE PERTINENTE POUR ETUDIER
describel NATO Exercise REFORGER ;and other recent large L*AOAPTATION DE LIIOMME AUX ENVIRONMENT
scale aeital troop deployments are discussed Author SENSORIELS INHASITUEL 18
Roger Arng:bo-.uct!! AGARD Adantet~on and A li5!etin i

N11171-2031611pi Texas Unliv Galvestoin Dept cif Neurology and Aerospace Med Mar 1971 7 p In FRENCH. ENGLISH surnmary
Psych-atry ISee N7 120351 09-04)
IMPULSIVENESS AND ANXIETV RELATED TO Avail NTIS
PERCEPTUAL MOTOR PERFORMANCE Two expefriments were conducted to studfy the adaptation
Ern3st S 8larratt arid Gilbert Tolhurst (ONR Aririqiur, ValIh of voluntary subjects to a degraded sensorial environment These
AGARD Adaptation and Acclurmatsation in Aerospace Moolj Mar experiments showed that Il) The bthavioral arid physiological
1971 5 p rats ISee N7t 20351 09 04) response lo an unusual environment depends on the subjects leyal
IContract N000 14 68 A 0 105 00021 ,wfeducation and personal interest in the test 12) Adaptation to
AvailNTISa.i unuaual environment can be mnodified by giving to the tested
Anxiety and impulsiveness have bet- studied within a suillects pSychoaneteptiCs which induce hehizvioral r-ria-.ifSAstetrors
conceptual framework that re.ugnizes tour cia~ses of variables , 1, of onadaptation in subtects who had been so far free from themn
everyday life experiences. 21ipsychometric tests and Ljsychometr-c In light of these experiment,. it appears that for the subject. the
interviews 13) laborar-rly bevhavioral meuasures and 14, signiltiant stuitutus is not the physical cr10 or thre arrangement of
osyctroohysrotooical measures The overall ijoal was to describe physica, stirnu, wh~ch excites h-s senses but the meaning which
anxiety and impoulSiveness across alt four cracses of variables Iu he cfives t0 the overall experiment situation. and the way he feels
both stress and noristss condlv~ir Eramples of tie relationshin it The imoioriance of the decrement of physicar stimuli dooel not
of the interaction of omp-ulsiveneSý dnri anxiety to Ocitrpitiralrr io affect the 0,eha1vioral manifestations of inadaPlteton The seine
pertlormance are presented within the context of a briel discussion physical environment can be felt as a neutral. or-different stimulus
of t he overall research program Au~hiti or. on the ci~nfrary. as an aggressive. nocicepitive stimulus
Author
N71-203152a AerospAce Medical Research Lab Wririhl Patterso, 111711.203650r tItfan Air Force Psvcno Phsiologrcal Inst Naples
AFB3Ohio THE PSYCHOT14FERAPE UTIC METHOD IN AVIATION
EFFECTS ON HUMAN4 PERFORMANCE OF COMBINED PSYCHIATRY IN TFIE TREATMENT OF SOME SYNDROMES
ENVIRlONMENTAL STRESSES OF A flEACTIVE CHPfAACTER
Walter F Greiner in' AGARO Adaptation and Accirmatisat~on in L Longo In AGARO Adaptation anti Acctimatisatron ri Aerospace
4
Aerospace Med %0ar 1971 10 p rels -See N7t 2035i 09 0 1 Med M&la 1971 10 p refs (Seei N7t 20351 09 04)
Avail NTiS Avail FiTiS
Research studies o! environmrental elfects roririally expose The usefulness in avialon psychiatry of pSychotherapeutic
subjects to onty one stress at a trime vhiit in orerat~onat flivin there treatment of some -,yndromiŽ: of a rea-.11ve character is shown
are usually several tresses actlil. simullarieouwiY Tirt po~tinisbty it-rough the delicriptior, o! 7 ctses synthetically reported in their
exists that effects 0i Such, Combined stresses may be greater than mosr indicative constitutive elan-ants and in the psyctiodynarnic
wntuitr heonprdicted Iron, single stress studies Thete have been modatolit of t1.e relative pisychotlie-apeutictrea-ment Stress was laid
relatively few laboratory studiefs of riuniari Derlomance in Which the on the adivanta~es in&a.azcrue Iron. 'ne fact uI pe 5 ble tro -11ry
subjects rave been exposed to such c.-,rrbreit stresses A critical out the therapy ft- the enivironment oseif and r:: the !avorelrle
review is prysented of Itese pail sicil~e% Ii-- tire r)aiticutar implications that can derive Irom' it both on. tie strictly Clini, al plane
viewpoint Cit whether performrirce ilelriri tbI oi-brred and on the more specific one ot niaitsinu-rig and rogerirnq flight
stresses are more severe thair wouldt be trerlicleirl from %uir-i stress I as Author
 70 04 8IOSCIENCES

0471-20306# Italian Air Force Aerospace Medical Center Rome 111714036911 Ou-lap and Associates. Inc, Santa Monica. Caiit
Iltaly) THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN
EXPER111IMENTAL RESEARCH ON HEAT BALANCE OF Al ACRAFT CARRIER LANDINGS AND ACCIDENTS
ATHLETES OF VARIOUS SPECIALTIES. DURING Clyde A Brictson In AGARO Adaptation and Acclimratisation in
MUSCULAR EXERCISE IN DIFFERENT THERMAL Aerospace, Mod Mar 1971 7 p refs ISee N71-20351 Qj9-041
ENVIRONMENTS Avail NTIS

Paolo Rota and Antonio Tordaro (Accident Prevent Nall Agency An analysts of carrier landing accidents during a live iyear
Ras Centel) In AGARD Adaptation and Accbrratisatron in period 11965- 1969) showed that environmental causal factors
Aerospace Med Mar 1971 8 pi refs (See N71 2035 00Of04) contributed to 27% of all let landing accidernts Pitching deck was
Avail NTIS the moat frequently cited environmental causal factor and was
Atletesls trained to different muscular exercises liong distance cited in 15% of the landing accidents The F4 aiicraft had the
runners and spirintersi Cairied out work tests under cond-ons of highest percentage of environmient rslated Mishaps (36%1. half of
thermal neutrality and in not environments During the tests which were pitching deck accidents 018%) Furthermore. pitching
physiological parsaeteirs ivere recorded (Central anc skin deck conditions were found to.be related to two accident types.
temperatures, sweat lots oxygen intake, Work load etc I in o-der hard landings and undershoots which accounted for 93% of alt
to calculate heat baiance Based cin Accumulated data, the behav t)r landing accidents Pilot/aircraft height tracking responses under
of thermal regulationi in respect to the different athletic specialtie-, different levels of deck pit -.h were analyzed and recL~ts indicate that
of the subjects tested is discussed Au~thor deck motion in excess of four feet may result in a 180 Cog phase
relationl between deck pitch and pilot height tracking fci certain
aircraft Syn~hronized records of deck motion and pilot aircraft
N71.203670 Army Medical Research and Nutrition Lab Denver height tracking during final appioach to night carrier landinrg deck
Colo Sirenergetis Div chasing phenomenon and provide graphic evidence ilf the
ENERGY ME 'ABOLISM DURING EXPOSURE TO EXTREME consequences of 180 dog phtise lags, especially for high ac -ident
ENVIRONMENTS, risk aircraft A ithot
C F Censolazio. Hf L Johnson, and H J Krywickr (In AGARD
*I Adaptation and Acclirrnalsation in Aerospace Med Mar 1971 N1230 colo eopc eiie rosAA i
ItI p refs fSee N71I20351 09-041 ENvironment# Systems Divrsac eiin.BoksAS
Avail INTISEniomnaSytsDv
The energy ieqluitreie 's in a cold environment are practically EFFECT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO 21 mins
unchanged as compared to a temperate environment. except foi A MBINT
NOMA U 0 NEECS EPNEO
the 2 to 5% increase due to the wearing of the heavy clothes NRA A
idivdua isadeustly lotedR
th poviingtha
andfoogea. D Sinclair. J M Clark and B E Welch In AGARD Adaptation
andc~otheo prvding that~ the for mdequiiiandl clorkhnd
irrndividua and Acclimatrsation in Aerospace Med Mar 1971 9 p rafs
in a not environment are increased Thi~s is e~oied to the increased -rSe N? 1 2 135 1 09 041
*requirement of the circulation -i heat itar iport the incireased Avail NTIS M
action of the sweat glands, increased caloric loss clue to sweat Physiologic responses to tie interacting stresses of exercise
vaporization and to the increase in body temperature Balance and hypercepnra were studied i- 4 young male subjects who were
studies including loss~e, of nuitrient in sweat indicate that these well trained and in excellent physical condition The subjects
excretions are appreciable under conditions of profuse sweating In performed light, intermediate and heavy exercise on a bicycle
the past, with the exception of sodium very few investigators have ergometer whil breathing air and during acute 1t15.30 -irnutesi and
recognized the fact that the mrneral losses in sweat could bechoi 120ly)epsrtoaamenPsuC2of1
appreciable The total nureral loss Sho-ild include ihe mineral o~ss mmnHg Simuttasieous measurements of V sub E. V sub 02. V sub
.n sweat This in turn would help, in estimating more realistically C02 pulse rate, rectal temperature, and srterral P sub 02. P Sub
dail alomanes
f miera; AuhorC02 and pH were made at rest and Ironm the 12th-i 6th minute
the inural mieral
ail alowanes Auhorof steady state exerc se in the supine P sub 02 positron Increases
in response to
in V sub E. V sub 02 and V/ Sub C02 were linear
incrassing work load for all expefrirrertal conditions but the average
N?-06#Army Medical Re!.aicli and Nwtnirrrrri Lab Denver magnitudes of these parameters at Similar work loads witre
Colo 6iu-ieiyeli.>r . ass intielly equal in acu'e and chronic hypercaphia At each work
METABOLIC IMBALANCES AND BODY HYPOHYORATION load average V sub E as higher and average V sub C02 was
DURING FOOD DEPRIVATION 0lO DAYS) lower in. hyperceonra thazi the corresponding values in air Average
CFConsolazio H L. ohnson ard H J KflyvvrCki fit AGARD V sub 02 and pulse rate varied little for the same work load inI
Adaotaoion and Acclrmatisation in Aerospace Med Mar 1971 the different experimertjal conditions The differences between
nets tSee N71 20351 09 041 mean arterial P sub C02 during acute and chronic hyotarcapnra and
Avail NTIS arterial P sur, C02 duriing aii breathing increased progressively with
During studies of 6 min who lasted completely for i 0 days increasing work load Decreases in arterial pH from resting control
significant metabolic stresses developed sýhi~l could eventually values were also progressive -,th ricivas-irg work load, but wereI
lead to serious abnonralities These observations included greet sinlar in magnitude for the tthee expertim-ental conditions owing
body hypohydrat~ron resulting in large body wecight losses large to differences in metabolic acidoses Author
nitrogen and mineral losses and a marked kretosis These findings
are not unusual since both the bodyv fat and liroein stoles must N71 .20371'aj National Aeronautics, and Space Adm~nisliratron
be utilized as enaqgy sources The irrainienance cof normal broodl Ames ~Research Center Moflelt Field Carli

Carbohydrate levrels requite a kiowiu qurantitoy of triotei breakdown VOLITIONAL CONTROL OF VISUAL ACCOMMODATION
As a result, it was siggestet thatlion, anti ketogenic diets and Robert J Randle lIn AGARD Adaptation and Acclrmatisatron in
adlequatermineral supplenentat .. ricoirld rreveit the niarked ketosis Aerospace Med Mar 1971 13 o refs See N71 70351 090Oil
minimize protein catabolisn maintan fluiud balance and decrease (NASA TM-X 66955) Avail NTIS CSC,- 06P
In eetoyiii C '; EC- -, ---CC .C-3 i-n- Rxsxarih was conducted in an attempt to snow that volitiontal
oyoups doring the entire sIudjy 1: aptiears inat restrcited diets control is possible in most indii jovs wnnn feedback is provicler]
contai-ning less than 500 cap0reS day ar nnailer,-aipato- short itern vhich indicates to irle subjiect his ,;esent a-commodation levil
pviforrance Although the, pacredt water thre irirtnri cataroijusi Ihe reedl~ack was prov:1ed try mowlirat1nin an audio Oscillator with Ihit
,vas still a mnaldr uiobliem Author C"Int of p., s-vro coltrulleitinit. ý,f oltometer wliicti wirtnrously
04 BIOSCIENCES 71

monitored the refractive state of the subjects eye Six young mates N72-25034# Navet Aerospace Medical Research Lai. Pensacola.
with normal vision were trained to control their accommodation Fla
first using a tone and then without it A specific task they ORIENTATION ERROR ACCIDC.NTS IN ARMY AVIATION X
learnied was to accommodate toward 0 diopters when a 3-diopter AIRCRAFT
checkerboard target wa. extinguished and they viewed a dark V4 Carroll Hixson. Jorma I Niven. and Emil Spoezli (Army Board
empty field Their performance was compared against six untrained for Aviation Accident Res) In AGARD The Diaorientatiorn
Incident. Part I Mar 1972 18 p refs (See N72-25031
subtjcts on two dark empty field test tasks The tasks were It(1to Irr04
maintain infinity focus while viewing a dark amply field for 3 vl- S C8
AvailNTIS MC S8.75
minues and (2! to go to infinity focus from a 3 dioptet target when To initiate the action necessary to establish the magnitude
it wa5 extinguished and a dark field ensued during a 3 minute of the orientation-error problem in Army aviation. or, intersarvice
period A statistical analysis of the results showed that the trained research if'ograam was organized under the joint s"onsorship of
group made significant reductions in their dark field myopia under the U S Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory. the U S
these conditions, but the untrained subjects did not Author Army Board for Aviation Accident Research. and the Naval
Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory The first step was the
construction of an operational definition of an orientation-error
accident The assimilation of data pertaining to the incidence and
N72-24050# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and cause of such accidents and their actual ar.d relati.a costs in
Development. Paris (France) terms of fatalities, injuries and aircraft damage was then set as
AEROMEDICAL HANDBOOK FOR AIRCREW the working objective of the program Accordingly. the decision
T G Debte Mar 1972 226 p was made to implement a five-year longitudinal stuchd of all
(AGARD-AG-164) Avail NTIS HC$13.50 major sad minor onentation-error accidents involving Army
An aeromnsedical handbook, designed to provide information aviation flight operations beginning with July 1966 incidence
on the various aspects of aviation medicine that affect aircrew and cost data orepresented lot all Army aviation major and
tasks, is presented Data cover mental and physical health, minor orientation-error accidents detected in the search of the
effects of noe,. survival measures, high altitude breathing, accident files for the period July 1966 to July 1967 Separate
prevontive medicine, and varniuo other protective measures and totalized statistical data are provided for fixed wing and
necessary for a safe flight. EHW rotary wing aircraft as well as for accidents occurring in Vietnam
end those occurring elsewhere Author

N72-25031e Advisory Group fir Aerospace Research and

Devaeopmenr Paris (Fiance) N72-25036# Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Washington.
THE DISORIENTATION INCIDENT. PART 1 D C
A J Benson. ad (Royal Air Force Inst of Aviwtion Med ) Mar fIISORIENTATION. FACT AND FANCY
1972 134 o refs Presented at Aerospace Mad Panel Paul E Tyler and Paul A Fur( In AGARiD The ")itor,pniat,nn
Specialist Meeting. Luchon. France. 28 Sap 1371 Incident Part 1 Mar 1972 6 p refs (See N72-25031 16-04)
iAGARD-CP-95-Pt- 1) Avdrt NTIS HC 58 75 Avail NTIS HC $875
The proceedings of a conference on spatial disorientation The experiences of 2.000 naval aviators with disorientation
are presented The subtects discussed are (1) descriolion and during varirsis flight conditions are presented An analysis of all
analysis of disorientation incidents. (12)orientation error accidents, naval flight accidents for calendar yeas 1969 in which a
(?) trpining procedures and (4) laboratory studies The disorientation incident contributed to the accident was made It
presontations were given in 16 reporlt The principal findings is shown that the majority of accidents coded as related to
and rsrcommendahtons are summarized in a technical evaluation disCrioentasin were erroneously coded It was concluded that
report For individual litles. see N72-25032 through approximately 96 parcent of aviators experience disorientation at
N72-25047 some time. but that this disorientation contribJtes to a very
smell percentage of the accidents Author

N72 25032'ai San Jose State Coil Calif

DISORIENTATION INCIDENTS REPORT BY MILITARY N72-260360 Navel Air Station. Norfolk. Va Safety Center
PILOTS ACROSS 14 fEARS OF FLIGHT PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
Brant Clark In AGARD The Disorientation Incident. Par i FACTORS AFFECTING DISORIENTATIONS IN NAVAL
Aar 1972 7,. ;e.'..ecte N72-25031 16 C4) AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS
iGrant NGL-05-046-002) Earl H Nincw. William i Cunn-ngham. and Frederick A
iNASA-CR-126786) Avail N11 5 C 5$300 CSCL 06S Radcliffe In AGARD The Disorientation Incident. Part I Mar
The historical background of spatil disorientation problems 1972 4 p refs (See N72 25031 16-04)
among flying personnel is discussed iRecent incidents involving Avail NTIS HC SB 75
ds'rriirntation in flight were compared with incidents reported 14 Psychophysiological and environmental factors. 12 in number.
years earlier The incidents were very similar ior various types of which most affect disorientation related mishaps are presented
aircraft The findings suggest the. disorientation is currently These factors ere listed in order of number of Occurrence and it
eiperienced in a wide variety of flight operations and will is indicated that of:en multiple factors are coded in conjunction
continue to be experieon'ed by flying personnel as an u,'correctable with disorientation Examples of disorientation related mishaps
flight heti:,d Author are presenteid to demonstrate psychoohySiological and
environmental factor involvement A graph comparing attack and
fighter pilot flight exposure to disorientation mishaps is charted
N72-25033# Royal Air Force Farnr)orough tEngland) to demonstrate the effect of experience upon Lontrol of
A REVIEW OF UNITED KINGDOM (RAF AND ARMY) disorientation The chart indicates that flight experience does
STATISTICS ON SPATIAL DISORIENTATION IN FLIGHT play a role in deterring of disorientation mishaps Author
1960 1970
R G LoftingIn AGARD The Disorientation Incident. Part 1
Mar 1972 5 p (See N72-25031 1604) N72 250370 Naval Air Development Center. Johnsvrlle. Pa
Avail NTIS HC S875 Crew Systems Dpt
An analysis of spatial disorientation incidents among pilhts DISORIENTING EFFECTS OF AIRCRAFT CATAPULT
of the Royal Air Force is presented Subjects discussed are i1) LAUNCHINGS
disorientation s'ati.-l:cs (1) aircraft types involved in disorienta. Malcolm M Cohen Richard J Crosbie and Laurence H
lion occurrences (S) classification of disorientation accidents. i4) Blackburn In AGARD The (.Jis3rienlation Incident. Part I Mar
Llasssfication of disorientation occirences. and (f5) relevant 1972 6 p refs (See f712 250.41 16.041
aircrah design featuresi leosng "odisorientwtion Author AvailNTIS HC S8 75
72 04 IOSCIENCES

A human centrifuge facility was used to S-multet the approximteoly 0 2 Se"ondIs. and there is no significant rcsponse

acceleration profiles encountered in aircrat catapult launching$ u

alteration caused bcceleration
by loading up to 7 4 Gx Author
Twelve subjects attempted to keep a continuously moving target
at subjective eye level before. during. and ater exposuoe to
simulated catapult launch accelerations Results demonstrated N72.26041# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
that subjective eye level was changed by exposure to ihe Development. Paris (Francel
acceler.•,tve forces The change in subjective eye level persisted. TWO SPECIFIC KINDS OF DISORIENTATION INCIDENTS:
in some cases. for as long as three minutes after the simulated JET UPSET AND GIANT HAND
launch sequence wss com•pleted The results are discu$ied in R Malcolm and K E Money In its The Disorientetion Ircideint.
terms of the effects of rotated acceleration vectors on human Pert I Mar 1972 4 p refs (See N72 25031 16-041
spatial orientation and the data are telated to certain types of Avail NTIS NC S8 75
aircraft losses that have been reported following catarpult In certain circumstances (instrument flying conditions end
launchings at night Author .evere turbulonce•. an inappropriate pilot input to aircraft
controls leads to a dangerous nose down attitude of the aircraft
There have been something in excess of 26 of these let upsets
N72-26038# Aerospace Medical Res.,arch Lab% Wright. In similar circumstances there have been a few reports of what
Patterson AF8. Ohio call be called the Giant Har.d phenomenon. in which the pilot
EFFECTS OF ACOUSTIC STIMULI ON THE VESTIBULAR reports that the aircrf', control.; are forced into an extreme
SYSTEM position and held there as if by a giant hand Pre:ipilatrng
C Stanley Harris In AGARD Tile Disorientation Incident. Part 1 circumstances end underlying mechanisms of these two knnds of
Mar 1972 11 p rats (See N72-25031 16-04) incidents are discussed, and some unpublshed expermental
IAMRL-TR-71-581 Avail NTIS HC $875 observations are presented Author
The effects of noise intensity on the human vestibular
system with resultant d.sornentation. nausea, and dizzin-ss are
discussed The response of h-.man subjects to accusric stimuli N72-260420 Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine.
was measured using nystagmorgraphy. vertical perception, and a Farr.borough (England)
rail test of human equilibrium Decrements in performance of 20 SPATIAL DISORIENTATION AND THE BREAK-OFF
to 35 percent were obtair'ed in high intensity noise of 140 PHENOMENA
decibels eve- when subjects wore ear protectors Sound levels A J Benson In AGARD The Disorientation Incident. Part 1
as low as 100 decibels were found to produce an adverse effect Mar 1972 11 p refs (See N72-25031 16-041
on task performance It was also determined 'hat noise levels Avail NTIS HC $8 75
atfect human equilibrium at levels below those whicn will Reports of aircraft pilots concerning occurrence of
damage hearing Author disorientation with subsequent feelings of unreality and
detachment are analyzed It was determined that tha eactions
occurred during monotonous phases of flight in conditions where
7
N 2 25039i !notitu!e of A.,i.n Mecrr-er. Fuerstenfeldhb,,uc e@te'nel visual orientation cue, were restricted Evidence is
tWest Germaiiyl prsented which suggests the spatiil disorientation occurring as
ALCOHOL INDUCED POSTROTATORY FIXATIONAL a concomitant of break-off was caused by minor degrees of
NYSTAGMUS. A TRAINING FILM ON A SIMPLE METHOD vestibuler asymmetry The high incidence of ensiety reactions
OF DETECTING SLIGHT ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATIONS IN supports the view that in susceptible individuals break-off can be
PILOTS both a orecipitant and a manifestation of anxiety rieuiusis
G Froehlch in AGARD 'he Disorientation Incident. Part 1 Author
Mjr 1972 3 p refs (See N72-25031 16.04)
Avait NTiS HC $8 75
A method for detecting moderate alcoholic intoxication in N72-26043# Naval Submarine Medical (enter. Groton. Conn
human sublects 5spresented The method is based on observation Research Lab
of incbility of intoxicated subject to suppress DostrotatorV VERTIGO IN DIVERS
Ireatnonal r;ystagmus The subject. in a standing position. is C F Gell In AGARD The Disorientation Incident. Part I Mar
turned around his vertical axis Wiretimes within ten seconds with 1972 4 p rats (See N72-25031 16 04)
his eyes open in a normally illuminated room When the subject Avail NTIS HC S8 75
is stopped and asked to fx his vision on the exar.ner's linger The occurrence of vertigo in hyperbaric atmospheres and
held about 25 centimeters in front of his eves, the intoxicated with underwater divers is discussed Theories are presented to
sunlect wri be unable to fixate Tire methud irivu;ved w.s explain the etiology of the2e cvcnts Som.e of the th'-,res ere
de nonstrateo by a motion picture Author II) barotrauma. (21 damage from the formation of bubbles. (3)
hyperemia and hemorrhage. (41 unusual displacement of the
starles. (5) caloric stimulation. 161 slow movement of the ear
N72-25040# Aerospace Medical Research Labs Wright- drum and ossicles causing eddy currents. (7, performance of the
Patterson AFB. Ohio valsalva maneuver. end (81) disturbed labrynthian funct~on
ANALYSIS OF THE VESTIBULO-OCULAR COUNTERROLL Au'hor
REFLEX IN PRIMATES
A M Junker. C R Replogle. K A Smiles. R 0 Brown. and Rt
H Wheeler [AF Inst of Techr)ol I In AGARD The Disorientation N72-25044# Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab. Pensacola.
Incident. Part 1 Mar 1972 10 p refs (See N72 25031 Fla
16-04) THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF REACUIONS TO WHOLE
(AMRL.TR-71-59) Avail NTIS HC $875 BODY MOTION CONSIOEQE0 IN RELATION TO
The vestibulo-ocular reflex manifest by counterfoll was used SELECTION. ASSIGNMENT. AND TRAINING OF FLIGHT
to determine the response dynamics of the vestrbular system and PERS)NNEL
alterations in these dyiamics subsequent to - Gx acceleration Fred E 3urdjry. Jr In AGARD The Disorrentation Incident.
exposure Six rhesus monkeys were t3steri belore and after Part 1 Mar 1972 17 p refs (See N7-/25031 1C 04)
acceleration exposure to determine rf significant changes had Avail NTIS HC $8 75
occurred in the vastibulo-.,cular counterroll reflex The tests A speculative theory, dealing ovith the development of
consirted of constant speed rotation, pendular oscillations and reactions to whole body motion. is .)utlined Functional aspects
multiple line wave oscillations about the Subjects cyclopean of reactions at several stages of maturetion ere consadered n1i
axis Ocular counterfoll was recorded using a linear resolver relation to conditioning mechanism,, which are. ir turn. related to
mechanically fixed to the monkey s eyeball There is no signirfcant individual differences in develoipment of motion reactiviy.
decrease in the system gain with inputs up to I Hz The personality. and cognitive tunctro. Unnatural feedback resulting
observed phase lag can be accounted for by a time delay of from passive motion is discussed in retation to different control
04 U1OSCIENCES 73

tasks performed in different lob assignments and in elation to Hok~ S. Fuchs. ed. (AF Hospital inspection System, Weot
idndiduall diffinrence in reactions to motion Adeptatron to the Germany) Mar. 1972 81 p roft Mostly mnENGLUS. . partly .n
unenatural wtiolebody movement of Rlight is considered mnthi FRENCH Presented at the ferospac~a Med. Pane Specialist
Contest and in rotation to rexprimentts illusttratig that subsetantial Meeting. Luichor. Franca. 29-3f) Sep. 1971
changes in reactions to motion can be accomplished through (AGARD-CP-SS-Pt-2) Avail: NTIS HC SO25
habituation. Aviator selection tests, personality tests, Righ Practical waiofmedical requirements are discussed in the
aptirtude tests, and several categories of training art considered arnese of cordaoreeloiretory, esfeasmefnt. anthsopometric methods.
in relaotion to the theoretical constructs Wuhor biocheemical aneilyees. X-ray examinations, and special visual
inviestigation meothods. For endividus, titles, see N72-28049
N72.25"45# Civil Aeromadical Inst. Okijahoma City. Old.hruh 7-2M

PRAcTICAgyLob C4IU O IORETTO N?2-250f6 Bsech Armyv Hospital, Fort Wolters, Tax
PRACICA TECNIQES
FR DSORINTAIONMEDICAL EUMINATION OF STUDENTS UNDERGOING
FAMILIARIZATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF VISUAL PRIMARY FLIGHT TRAINING
REFERENCE AND ALCOHOL ON DISORIENTATION- Guthrie L Turner. Jr. and Eric E. Lindstromi In ^GARD
RELATED RESPONSES improved and Simplified Methods for the C3an Evaluasticon of
William E Collins /A AGARD The Drisorientation incident. Part Aircrew. Part 2 Mar. 1972 5 p refs (See N72-25046 16-04)
I Mar 1972 10 p refs IS N72-25031 16-04) Avail. NTIS NC 56 25
Avail NTIS A group of 6.2 78 student aviators were processed for
Techniclues and procedures for providing on-the-ground primary helicopter training. All had undergone the initial Cies 1
familiarization of aviation personnel with the effects of or IA flight physical examination for flying end wc.9 found
dilsorientation are discussed The procedures are relatively qualified. Students eliminated during calendier Year 1970 from oill
irieoonstive. effective for both participants and observers. and causes totaled 1,410 Of this number 168 were eliminated for
are realldily acepted by aviators as pertinent to the avition medical causes. Eye defects, eiar, norse and threat defects. and
situation The extent to which disorientation is affected by the neuropeychiatric abnormalitiesf accounted for 53.81k of the
type of virsual informetion available to the pilot is examined medica eliminations. Of the 1618 student aviators eliminated. 87
vnder normal conditions anid when alcohol is involved Ways of had medical defects that were Probably deteclao~s On the initial
demonstrating the deleterious effects of alcohol are described flight physical Author

N72-2506"~ Institute of Aviation Medicine. Puerstrinfeidbruck

N72-2504.# Royal Air Force Central Medical Establishment. (Weat Germaeny)
London fEngland). WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE MASTERASTE P-TE ST IN
THE DISORIENTATION ACCIDENT; PHILOSOPHY OF EXAMINATIONS, TO DETERMINE THE FITNESS FOR
INSTRUMENT FLYING TRAINING MOUTARY FLYING DUTY
Mar 1972 4 pnAAD refs ISee N72-25031
TeDsretto 16-04) niet atH Simpliffied
.Krho Methods n for the it
Cain Evaluation
nAAD of Aircitvr.
Ipoe Pan n 2oi
Avail NTIS NC $8 75 Mar. 1972 3 p (See N72-25048 16-04)
Patterns of disorientation occurrences in the United Kingdom Avail NTIS HC56 25
RAF and Army for the period 119,50-1970 are examined in order Long term examinations by meaons 0f an ECG were
to formulatei pi.aseble explanations and recommendations conducted on approximately 1000 pilots between 18 and 50
concerning in particular- the pintloophy of instrument flight years of age For the period of the past 14 years. at least 8
training. The aircraft types most commonly involved and the ECG's were obtained lor each pilot The examinations revealed
Circumstances Confirm the likelihood of sensory incongruity being the following results (1) Abnormal or conspicuous ECG
a co~ntbutoty factor in the mnajority of cases. The underlying alterations are found to a small extent in tests at rest and in
differences between primary and secondary disorientation are master tests (2) The number of consoicuous ECG findings
dascuseac The predominant emphasis both in aeoromedical increaases with age. It becamre evident that special examinations.
indoctrination and instrument flying practice is concoerne with such as ergomeoter or hypoxia ECG. more frequently indicate
preventing prim"r spatial disorientation. but insufficient effort is abnormal ECG alterations then the routine procedures. Life of
mades towards ensuring ?hat primary disorientations when it the maste' test is recommended only in routine examinations
occurs, does riot develop into the dangerous secondary stage. from the 35th year of age on Author
The various methods of simulation of instrument flying are
examined A-uthor
N72-25051# institute of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstrinfrildbruck
(West Germany),
10172-26047N Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and USE OF LONGTERM ECG IN AVIATION MEDICINE
Development. Paris (France). A. Dieus end H. W Kirch'-icf In AGARD Improved and
CUINICAL EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF DIS- Simplified Methods for the Clin Evaluation of Asrc'ew. Part 2
ORIENTATION IN AINRCEW Mar 1972 6 p iefis (See P472-25048 16.04)
P J OConnor In its The Disorientation Incident. Part I Mar Avail NTIS NC SO25
1972 6 p(See N72-25031 16-04) A one-channot portable tape recording system for tong term
Avail NTIS HC SO 75 ECG recording is described Trhe possibilities of application of
The ctinical evaluation and medical treatment of disorifentation such a system i i the examination and ausessment of flying
problems in flying personnel are discussed It was deteormined persoonnel is considered Topic discussed include (1)
that disorientation occurs moat frequeontly in ages batweein 30 supplementation of ECG diagnostics in examinations to determine
and 50 The symptoms were divided into (1) increased sensory fitness for military flying duty. (2) longitudinal observations for
i~gu. (2) decreased sensory input, and (3) disturbed ceintrAl scientific clarification of certain ECG alterations. (3) inflight ECG
thought processes. Treatment was by explanation and reassurance examinations, ard (4) heart rare registration during special
with the addition of rehabilitation flying and treatment of examinations in aviation psychology. and training eflecre on
aasociated Psychiatric disorders. Of the 90 came treated. 54 heart rate Author
returned to full flying duty. Author
P472-26062i loirtiruta of Avalior, M.9dic.n~e ruersterrfeldbruck
11172-260,140 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and (West Germany!
Deveoipmenrt. Parts (PFrance) THE AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS Of THE ECO AT REST.
IMPROVED AND IIMPUFIED METHODS FOR THE DURING AND AFTER EXERCISE WITH TWO DIFFERENT
CUINICAL EVALUATION OF AIRCREW. PART 2 COMPUTER SYSTEMS
 7~ 04 BIOSCIENCES
7-1

J. 0 Meyor-Erkelenz. C V Kirschbaum. and H. W.

J1 Zepiplel. The operational significance of antropometric data is
Kirchhoff in AGARO improved and Simplified Methods for the demonstrated by an example of conaequiences following ther
Olri. Evaluation of Aircrow. Pan 2 Mar. 1972 5 p Se introduction of an election seat in an aircraft Several simplified
*N72-2504 16-041 measuring levices and techniques are discussed A device f,)
Avail NTIS NC SO26 the application of anthropomnetric dats and for medical
The quality of various lead systems and computer programs toeevaluation of pilots with possible functional impairments i
for ECG diagnosis is considered for the evaluation of the discussed Author
standard leads. the Minnesota system carn be used The program
of Arvesdeon was used for the Frank system, which is particularly
suitable for computer The ECG was recorded at feat anid durifng N72-26066# Cantre Principal d*Expertises Medicales du
exercise to detect the beginning of coronary artery disease The Personnel Navigant. Paris (France)
*quantified erglometer work 106d was used as exercise Attention RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE AND THE
*was directed toward& the evaluation of ST-T changes The COMBAT PILOT'$ CAPABILITY FOR DUTY jEXAMEN
*results were compared with the diagnosis of a cardiology team HADIOLOGIQUE OU RACI4IS ET APTITUDE A LEMPLOI
for the two computers It is concluded that at rest and in the OE PILOTE DE COMBATI
postexercise period, the use of both computer systems is R P Delahaye. rý Gueflirer. and P J Melges In AGAPID
justified Author Improved and Simplified Methods for the Clin Evaluation of
Aircrow. Part 2 Mar 1972 10 p refs In FRENCH (Seei
N72 25048 16-04)
* N72-250&3A1 School of Aerospace Medicine. Brooks APS. Tex Avail NTIS NC S6,25
* EXTENDED ELECTROCARDi(.GRAPNIC MONITORING The radioli~ical examination of the spine dlurng entrance
WITIf EMPHASIS ON COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF THE fitness examinations of flying personnel it discussed The limiting
RECC'RD8 scoliotic angle for combar flight was deteimined to be 10
'M!,i-Jn H Walter. Ill. Eric D Grassman. Edwa-J . Engelken. degrees. beyond which thare is danger of injury in the case of
finil Mxalco0.n C Lancaster In AGARD Improved aad Simplified election from the aircraft Transl by K.P D
Methods for thesClin Eveiustion of Arrcrew. Part 2 Mar 1972
5 p tots !See N72-25048 16.04)
Avail NTIS HC $6.25 N 72.25057*q National Aeronautics end Spae Administration.
The use of continuous 6 to 8 hour tape-recorded Washington. 0 C
electrocardiograms in the evaluation of patients with known or A SIMPLIFIED SPACE TECHNOLOGY METHOD FOR
sutpected cardiac disorders proved to be of value Alt of the CLINICAL AIRCREW MEASUREMENT OF FUNCTIONAL
Itpresien. cor.imercially available equipment requires that a physician RESPIRATORY VALUES
persondily roview each 6 to 8 hour tape These tapes may be Walton L Jones and 8 M dushman lParkin-Elmoir Corp.
scanned at 36 to 60 times real lime, and suspicious portions Pomona. Calif) In AGARD Improved and Simplil-ed Methods
mar be rapicvd~cod it. ~..n
rq~~i.tral !r. an effort to for the Or',. Eva!uatvor of! Aircrew Part 2 Mar 1972 11 p
accurately detect, count, and classify atypical ventricular ISee N72-25048 16-04t
depolarization complexes. en analog computei program we% INASA.TM-X68370) Avail NTIS NC £300 (.SCL 06E
oeveloped Author A versatile. rapid. reiaible respiiatory gas analyzer based un
mass apectromeler principles was dleveloped (fo air crew
N72-25064# Royal Air Force Hospital. viegberg (West Germany) pulmonary function measurement The instrument can providea
PROBLEMS IN THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF RAISED continuous and simultaneous 3nalysis of up to eight gases useful
ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN AIRCREW in pulmonary function evaluation The principal gases include
J N C Cooke in AGARO Improv~ed and Simplified Methods oxygen. carbon dioxide, nitrogen. and water vapor The instrument
for the amo Evaluation of Aicrcew. Pert 2 Mar 197? 3 p is suited to air creN and space cabin applications because (1)
The Quantity of gas diverted to the mass spectrometer isa
Avail N7IS NC56 25 negligible fraction of the expired gas (2) The time response of
7,1* further assessment of apparently raised blood pressure the mass spectrometer is feart relative to the breath cycle time
levels found on routine examination of airzrew members is (3) The mass spectrometer is capable of accurate partial
Fconsiddirifd The initial problem is posed by difficulties in pressure measurements (41 The size. weight. and power
establishing definite limits of normalcy and in fixing any level of requirements are compitible wvith most in-flight applications 15)
blexxi pressret that divides health from disease in the Foyal Air Simplicity and reliability of operaltuin are stressed Author
Force, aoconsultant physician makes an initial clinical assessment
and decides if there is a requirement for detailed investigation
This investigation consists of a standardized comprehensive N72 26068ty Royal Air Force. l-ernboiuugh (Englandi Central
search for possible causes for a rise in blood pressure and for Medical Establishmentl
associated pahlgclconditions After this investigation a IMPROVED METHODS OF CLINICAL ELECTROOIAGNOSIS
numer fwhsefitessfo
reai ublct tuthr fyig malIN PROGNOSIS OF LOWER MOrOR FIEURONE LESIONS
be judged upon their blood pressure alone These figures are CBWn~ry/ GR mrr iJSmlfe ehd
subject to great variability, compounded by known factors of for the Chin Evaluation of Aircrew. Part 2 Mar 1972 4 p
anxiety, tension. observer error, and environmental influences refs (See N72-25048 16-0411
Some of j. ale problems might be reduced by repeetad recordings Avail NTIS HC $6 25
under standardized conditior- and the use of automatic cull Techniques in electromytigraphy 3re cliscus~oed in connection
recorders in the hope that comparisons over varying time with the diagnosis of lower motor nejrons lesions Various
intervals may show up clear trends of improvement or deter oration lesions and theii symptoms are confidefedt KPD
in an individuaf Final disposal still depends largely on the
statistical evidence for increased mortality and morbidity
ass~ociated with raised blood pressure levels and the resultant N72-25059# Centre Principal d Exper-tises Medicales du
neted to institute treatment Author Personnel Navigant. Paris (France)
INTEREST IN MEASURING RESISTANCE TO VERTIGO
AMONG FLYING PERSONNEL JINTERET "~ LA MESURE
N72.26065i nirstizuto o! Aviation Med;cine. FtieSlenfelirhruc:k OF LA RESISTANCE A L'EPLOUISSEIMENT CHEZ LES
(West Germany) WEMBGRES DU PERSONNEL NAVIGANTI
A SIMPLIFIED AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR OPERA. J P Chevelerai~d and G Perdriel In AGARtO Improved and
*TIONAL ANTHROPOMETRIC PROGRAMMES c06 Srrrphllro Methods ftr the Clin Evaluation of Aircrow, Part 2
H J1 Grunhofer In AGARD Improved and Simprlifed Methods Mar 1972 3 p In FRENCH (See N72-26048 16-04)
lto the Gin Evaluation of Aiicrew. Part 2 Mar 1972 8 p Avail NTIS HC56 25
Avail NTIS HC56 25 A simple method is presented which permits the evaluation
04 8IOSCIENCES 76

of apt iwde too "inting visual function while being subjected to A Kaiser In AGARD Spec. Biopiiys Pratil tn Aeruepacei Med.
vetgigo. The onteutatiorn of the "suoe and authongation for Pt 3 Met 1972 9 p In FRENCH (See N72-26045 17-04)
revotation of flight tactivities when or, ocutar offection is involved Avail: NTIS HC 98560
are coraidonsie. Trans'. by K-P.O. The use of passive dosimetry to study the biological effectsg
Of coesmic radiation is discussad. The problems and functions of
using such equipment are also exarnined. Expeirimein-ta doise
1172-25060# Institute of Aviation Medicine. Fiaerstionfeldbrtick fate* were calculated anid compared to measured ones esoults
WestGermnarer )Iavn in tables Transl. by EMHW.
ALCOHOL INDUCED POSTROTATORY FIXATIONAL
NYSTAGMUS. A TRAINING FILM ON A SIMPLE METHOD
OF DETECTING SLIGHT ALCOHOLUC INTOXICATIONS IN N72-26049# Centre d'Enseignement at de Ratcherchee de
PILOTS Medecine Aeroriautique, Paris (France)
G. FroeNich in AGARD Improved and Simplified Methods for SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE DIFFICULTIES OF
the Clin. Evaluation of Airerew. Part 2 Mar. 1972 11 p refs DOSIMETRIC EVALUATION AND COSMIC RADIATION
45ee N72-25044 16-04) INJURIES EQUELOIIES CONSIDERATIONS SUR LES
Avail NTIS HC 58625 DIFFICULTES DE LEVALUATION DOSIMETRIGUE ET
A film showing the practical procedure and its nyssagmno- LESIONNE LLE DES RADIATIONS COSMIGUES)
graphical correlates to drscussaed Withi this test, the flight S Diespres. C. Nogues. and G. Delhour In AGARD Spec
surgeon has at his disposal a reliable and *imp;e method to Biciphys Proi;l in Aerospace Med. Pt 3 Mar. 1972 6 p In
detect and thus eliminate from duty flying pilots in an aculte FRENCH (See N72-2e045 17-04)
state of alcohol Intoxication or with a r-arked hangover from the Avail NTIS HC SB S0
night before. Author The difficulties encountered in the d',saimetric evaluation of
cosmic rays and their effect or. living matter are reported Date
cover the effects of heavy ions on skin pigments, nervous tissue.
N72-26045# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and human cells in culture, biological molescule. and microorganisms.
Develoomeint. Paris (France) T~ansel.by E MW.
SPECIAL BIOPHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN AEROSPACE
MEDICINE. PART 3 N72-260PO# Toulouse Univ (France). Lab. do Biologiet
A M Pfister. ad W~ar 1972 126 p refs Partly in ENGUISH Medical.i
and FRENCH Presented at Aerospace Med Panel Specialist EVIDENCE ON THE EFFECT OF NATURAL IONIZING
Meeting. Luchon. cranca. 30 Sep - 1 Oct 1971 RADIATION ON BIOLOGICAL STIMULATION [MISE EN
(AGARO-CP-95-Pt-31 Avail NTIS HCS SO EVIDENCE D'UN EFFET BIOLOGIQUE IDE STIMULATION
A biophysical approach to solving the problems faced by DES RADIATIONS IONISANTES NATURELLES)
man when ex~posed to cosmic rays. electromagnetic waves.- H Planet. J P Soleilhavoup. R Tixedor. M C Giess. and F.
magnetic fields, and laser radiation is summarized. For individual Croule In AGARD Spec. Biophys. Probi in Aerospace Med.
titles, see N72-26046 through N72-26067 Pt 3 Mar. 1972 12 p refs ins FRENCA (So* N)72-28045
17-04)
Avail NTIS HCSBSO
N72-26046# Kiel Univ (West Germany) The effects of rodioprotection and very week Irradiations on
PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF COSMIC RAYS unicellular organism multiplication and embryonic development
0. C Allkofeir in AGARD Spec. Biophys Protbl in Aerospace of Drosphille melonogaster are studied Results show that in
Med. Pi 3 Mar 1972 14 p refs (See N72-26045 17-04) unicellular organisms. irradiationi prolonged the cellular cycle and
Avail NTIS MC SS 50 reduced multiplation When the organisms were returned to a
Thy main feature. of cosmic radiation are outlined as for as radioprotected environment, their multiplication end cellular
they are of interest concerning radiation hazards in SST and cycles returned to normal In the fruit fly, radiation exposure
manned Solace flights the properties of the galactic and solar caused prolonged embryonic and larvae development.
component and of the radiation belts are characterized The Transl. by EMHW.
interactions of the primary panricles with the atmosphere and the
earth's isegnelic; field are illustrated and figures are given for the
altitude anid latitude dependence Finally, the modulation effects
of the galactic c-amponent due to the solar influence are N72-26061 ¶ National Aeronautics and Space Administration
discussed Author Manned Spacecraft Center. Houston, Tax
VISUAL PHENOMENA INDUCED BY COSMIC RAYS AND
ACCELERATED PARTICLES
Wapon
N72-604# Aomi Res3rc Esablshmnt.Cornelius A Tobias. Thomas F Budinger. John T Laith.
Aldermaston (Englandl Radiation Measurements Sect~on baMgiMnon.ndPlpChmnInA4DSe
ACTIVE DOSIMETRY OF COSMIC RADIATION Bioohys Probil in Aerospace Med.. Pt 3 Mar. 1%072 12 p
E W Fuller In AGARD Spec Biophys Probl in Aerospace raft Prepared in cooperation with Calif Univ. Berkeley (See
Med. Pt 3 Mar 1972 11 p ref. (See N72.26045 17-04) N72-26045 17 04)
AvailNTISHC
50 S NASA TM-X 68460) Avail NTIS HC 53 00 CSCL 08R
The role assumed for active dlosimetry in manned space Exeietcnutda ccorntoehrwt
missions and high altitude flight is to enable the exposure observations byyApollo astronauts suggest with little doubt that
received during flight to be controlled by on-board monitoring cosmic nuclei interacting with the visual apparatus cause the
The radiation environment and the need for active dosimetry in phenomenon of light flashes seen on transluner and trionsecith
the two circumstances are reviewed and then the instrumentation coast over Weopast four Apollo missions Other experiments with
available and under development for this application is described high and low ilnergy neutrons end a helium ion beam suggest
Methods of calibrating Such instrumentation are also conc;2ered that slow protons and helium ions with a stopping power greater
It io concluded that satisfactory instruments for both appslications phenomentoni the dark adapereye gr t wsq d ontratsed that
are presently available but that there is a need for continuing chargmedo par(tice iduceadptd
bye netonsadhelimionstrte chan
development of more compact systems for high attitude aircraft cagdprilsidcdb etosadhlu o: o
Author stimulate the visual apparatus Some approaches to underslenc ng
the long term mission effects of galactic Cosmic nuclei
Interacting with men and rim nervous system are outlitied
M72-26048# Cientres do Recharches Nucleeire.. Strasboujrg Author
tFraiocel Lab do Physique Corpusiculaire
PASSIVE DOSIMETRY OF COSMIC RADIATION IDOSIM. N72-26052# Centre dis Recherches Nuclsaires. Stralb.urg
ETRIE PASSIVE DU RA"ONNEMENriT COSMIOUEI iprancel Lab da Physique Corpusculaira
 04 BIOSCIENCES
76

FIRST RESULTS OF PASSIVE DOSIMETRIC COSMIC primates exposed to high fields indicate that. while actual
survival is not threatened by such exposures, high fields can
RADIATION EFFECTS ONOAR0 A PROTOTYPE OF THE t
influence man Iu degree sufhcient to cause serious performance
TRANSPORT
CADAONDEFFECSONCOADEA0ROOTUPEOSTNIC decrement aPREMInRS Author
RESULTATS Of LA DOSIMCTRIE PASSIVE OU RAYONNE-
MENT COSMIQUE EFFECTURfE A BORD OU PROTOTYPE
DE L'AVION DE TRANSPORT SUPERSONIQUE CONCOIDE N72-26066# Duke Univ. Durham. N C Dept of Ophthalmology
0011 LASER 9Fk-TY AND HOW TO PROMOTE IT
R Kaiser. A M Pfister. and R P Delahave In AGARC Spec Myron L Wolbarsht In AGARD Spec Brophys Probi in
9i0%hys Probil. in Aerospace Med. Pt 3 Mar 1972 10 p r(os Aerospace Med. Pt 3 Mar 1972 6 p refs (See N72-26045
In FRENCH (See N72.21045 17-04) 17-04)
Avail NTIS HC SO ,50 Contract N00014-57-A-0251-0011 )
After a description of the characteristics of passive Avail NTIS HC S8 S0
dosimetnr carried out with the aid of equipment installed The cheracterst.cs of lasers which may produce danger are
onboard a French prot)type of the Concorde supersonic transport briefly discussed with regard to the special characteristics of
aircrafh. the methods used to calculate the cosmic radiation dose laser light and also the characteristics they share with other light
r3tes and the results obtained are given A preliminary sources Types of personnel protection are considered as are
interptritatron of dose rates was made and compared to those regulations and safety programs ii. relation to the energy and
obtained in an English prototype The results from this power levels that are currently thought to be nonhazardous The
comparison show the dose rates are in agreement principles of hazard analysis are described in conjunction with
Transl by E H W their use at any particular safety level Two of the programs
carried on by the U S Navy Medical Department on laser safety
N72-26063# Service de Sante des Armees. Toulon (France) are considered in detail One deals with the functional decrement
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF UHF ELECTROMAGNETIC in visual acuity of monkeys by pulsed laser trains in the near
BADIO TIOG L eFFECTS IOF GUFELECTROMAGNETIC infrared The other is concerned with the determination of
MENTS ELECTROMAGNETIQUES U DF
(RADARS) E threshold levels for Ocular injury by lasers in human volunteers
Author
R Joly and 8 Servantie in AGARD Spec Brophys Probl in
Aerospace Med. Pt 3 Mar 1972 14 p refs In FRENCH
(See N72-26045 17-04) N72-26057N Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine.
Avail NTIS HC $8S0 Farnborough (England)
Very high frequency radiation effects. ermitted by radar LASER SAFETYn SOME CONSIERATIONS IN THE
equipmenth on the human organsam are uvestigated
The DESIGN OF A CODE OF PRACTICE
physiological and physiopathological aspect.s are outlned Data R G Borland In AGARD Spec Biophys Pr.,bl in Aerospace
a!so coaer pu•!sc durat:on. penettrrj,., powe" enrgy denst!y fnd Med. Pt 3 Mar 1972 Q3 p ivts iSex N472-26045 I 7-04i
exposure time Tiansi by E H W Avail NTIS HC $8 50
Military and industrial research on a safety code for the use
of laser eQuicrments is outlined Data cover sale thresholds.
N72-26054# Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. Washington. methods lor measuring these thresholds, and characteristics of
DC the laser to be used Special attention is given to retina damage
THE US NAVY'S PROGRAM IN NONIONIZING RADIATION in the operators E HW
toaul E Tyler In AGARD Spec Biophys Probl in Aerospace
Med. Pt 3 Mar 1972 4 p refs (See N72-26045 17-041
Avail NTIS HC$850 N73-17O•98# Alvislory Group for Aerospace Research and
The eAtent of dependence of military forces upon Development. Paris (France)
electromagnetic radiation emitters for their day to day operations AEROMEDICAL ASPECTS OF VIBRATION AND NOISI
is discussed The current concepts and safety standards of the J C. Guignard and P F King Nov 1972 280 p refs
Eastern European countries are revievd briefly The current IAGARDograPh-151. AGARD-AG-151) Avail NTIS MC
Navy program in the area of nonioniza'ion radiation is presented $1600
Three major approaches are emphas zed iI) basic research 121 Effects of aerospace vibration and noise on man are
exploratory research, and 13) epidem-,Iog,-al surveys The lack of considered The special aeromedical problems of auditory
adequate dosimetric instrumentation ,s discussed and the cur,e,,t perceptron and noise injuries in airciew and grorlnd support
program to develop nstrumerft?i..on is presented Author personnel are emphasized. For individual titles, ee N73-17099
through N73-171101

Aerospace Medical Research Lab

N72-2606S5' 8Wih Naval
Pensacola. Fi etn tt nv ho Dp.o
MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAN WHERE DO WE STAND N73-17099 Wright State Uni. Dyton. Ohio Dept of
TODAY? Engineering
Dietrich E Seischer and Vernon R Reno /n AGARD Spec VIBRATION
Bruphys Probl in Aerospace Med Pt 3 Mar 1972 9 p refs J C Guignard In AGARD Aeromed Aspects of Vib7r9tion ad
Sponsoreel in part by NASA (See N72-26045 17 041 Noise Nov 1972 p 1-113 refs (For availability se N'3-17098
INASA-CR 127049) Avail NTIS HC $300 CSCL 06R 08-04)
.n assessmen. is made of the effects of very low and very The nature of structure-borne vibration and its occurrence
high magnetic fitjdS on man In preparation for the Apollo in aerospace operations are considered by mechanical and
lights. magnetic fields of SO gamma were generated in the biological actions upon man. and by the cfitlill and pnnciplee
of prcter .ng man from is adverse effects Author
laboratory by two different methods Human volunteers were
tested with a comprehensive battery of physiological and
psychological tests during and after continuous exposure for N73-17100 'Wright State Univ. Dayton. G.,,,r.
various time periods tin significant difference due to the low NOISE
field wan found for exposure periods of up to 10 days J C Guignord In AGARD Aeromed Aspects of Vibration and
No-se Nov 19/2 p 114-203 refs (Fur availability se
Technological advancements in power generation antisubmarine
warfare and energy stofag, and transmission expose man to N73-17098 08-04)
magnetic fields many order of magnitude higher than those Nature. measurement and occurrence of airborne no4se in
heretofore encountered The only available rnformalron relevant aerospace operations are considered by the biological efec11tsOn
to these conditons is based upon occasional ohservations .n man General criteria and principles of the protection of men
high energy physics laboratories and Soviet descriptrionS of from the adverse effects of noise on human well being and
working e ficrency are outli-d Author
clinical effects Results c'. incidental human exposure and of
04 BIOSCIENCES 77

N73-17101 Roya Aln Fort* C*Mrtti MigdilrAl Eltalahnr N73-119068 Centre Principal d Expanises Medicales dU Personnel
London (England). Novigant. Parts (France)
H4EARING CONSERVATION IN AINCREW AND GROUND EXAMINATION OF CHROMATIC SENSE IN FRENCH
SUPPORT PERSONNEL AERIAL FORCES IL-EXAMt-N DUi SE!NS C14ROMATIQUE
P. F esrng In AGARO Affronted. Aspects oý'Vibration an DANS LES FORCES AERIENNES FRANCAISESI
Not"e Now 1972 p 204-257 falls (Fair avadabuilt G Perdriel and J Chavoleraud In AGARD Colour Vision
erng othtr4Ir n Requirements in Different Operational Roles Nov 1972 5 p
efcsof -s o una
The109 uflst~ oharig.
The ffecs -~.on ~ ~ ~In FRENCH (For avadabilir,' see N73* 19065 10-04)
V-irrma-netly. aer roeviewed and relltad to the working situations A procedure was developed to lest the chromatic aptitude
of ansbers of aereaws and girund Supprt Personnell. Mortiutrs of dyschro.natopsra victims who witetslc positiors as nevgsor
orpltOnFac euiypoeue sn uhp rso $e
to be taken to prevent noise damage in the peripheral parts of
the human hearing mechanism and to conserve hearing in and a color signaling process to aid !hemn in perceiving colors
personnel exposeci to hazardous noise levels are outlined Auhrare discussed Transl by E N W

N73-19069 School of Aero-.pace Medicine. Brooks AFS. Tex

N73-17106# Advisory Group for Aerospace Resees-ch and Ophthalmology Branch
Deveopmet. aris(Frace)HISTORY, RATIONALE. AND VERIFICATION OF COLOR
Deveopmet. aris(Frace)VISION STANDARDS AND TEST'NG IN THE U441TED
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF AVIATION OCCUPATIONAt. STATE S AIR FORCE
MEDICINE. CARDIOVASCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEM Thomas J Tredici. Jamtus L Mims. 11l. and James F Culver In
EFFECTS OF BROMOTR IF LUOROM ETHANE AGARD Colour Vision Requirements in Different Operational
K C Back (AMRL) and E W VaniSlee IAMRLI Nov 197Z Roles Nov 1972 10 p refs (For availability see N73-19065
20 p refs1004
(AGAD-R-99)
NTI HC 300The
vai color vision tesiing and selection procedures utilized in
The effecti Of three fluorocarbons of the haloa:kane group. Woild War II by the US Army Air Corps iar reviewed The
principally w~tin bromnotriiftuoro methane. which have applicationssontadiifr l.i r.heU Artc;a.Ij
as effectrva fire extinguishing agents are studied Animal wre' changed fondrd;frfv~ the
fisUimSic Airl Wrrc 11 111 '
experiments, performed to explore the mechanisms of the derechanged fcorin 0oolrofirs the im sncoWorl Wares i &o
-.
oharmecodynamic properties ai-d to asset; the toxic hazardsdfeivscoig0orbtronheSMolrhehrr str-
asocaedwith their use. are described All three :ompounds are nriw accepted into flying trarning A len-year retrospctive
have biolgcla d fet n h eotpoie rlr-rr study of 4801 experienced flying personnel provides strong
i nformtrituo derived from animal exper-ments. on accept )Ise evisindencthat thsese istandrso arutvlind ThAhndi thfoor
working concentrations for human exposure Autriorviondfcveasssaloutnd
N73-19070 National Defence Medical Centre. Ottawa lOntarioo
N73-190650 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Dept of Ophthalomology
Development Pairis iFrancel COLOUR VISION IN THE CANADIAN ARMED FORCES
COLOLAf VISION REQUIREMENTS IN DIFFERENT OPERA- Bryan S& L Liddy In AGARD ouorVision Requirxments in
TIONAL ROLES Different Operational Roles Nov 1972 6 p IFor availabilitv
Nov 1972 83 p refs in ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH Presented see N73-190155 10-041
a. AGARD Aerospace Med Panel Specialist Meeting Brussels. Color visorii in the Canadian Armed Forces is reviewed.
30 May 1972 including their standard tests Ishihara standards book test. Green
IAGARD-CP-991 Avail NTIS HC S6.'S Edwards lantern test. and A 0 isocirromatic book test Dilferen.
Proceedings are presented on the theoretical and nrac'rcat!i requirements of color vision for the various service branchets are
aspects of color vsi-on the rationale of color vision requirements described Minimum color vision standards for the initial
for air end ground crCf it.;nd color vision testing The requeniimenti, assignment to trades within, the .rmed forces are Isted in tabular
for flying personrnel of the armed forces for many nat--na are form 'AM
emphas,18ei For individual titlesi sue N73 19068 through
11,73-119076 N73-19071 Centre de Medecine Aeronaufique. Drussats
(Belgiurm)
N73.19066 Ouks Unns. Di-hsm.NC Dept of Ophthalmology STANDARDIZATION OF TEST AND CATEGORIZATION OF
THEORETICAL A3PECTS Of COLOR VISION CO(OR VISION ANOMALIES IN MILITARY CIRCLES. AND
Miiyron L Wolbarthi In, AGARD Colour Vision Requirements in METHODS USED BY EMPLOYEES TO TRACK DOWN THEIR
Different Overet-oost Roles Nov 1072 10 p rfolt (For PROBLEMS IESSAI DE STANDAROISATION DE LA
availability see N73. i2ZIt 1004) CATEGORISATION DES ANOMALIES DE LA VISION DES
lContr..-I NA59- I t*94l COULEURS EN MILIEU MILITAIRE. AINSI QUE DES
The three, co'-. - _.-" el Young-Helmholtz and the METHODES EMPLOYEES ENI VUE Of LEUR DEPISTAGE]
oppo-nent cotors type of information procescing postulated bry, J M VanDeCasteele 1, AGARO Colour Vision Requirements
Hating are bot'ý. persaont in the hurnan visual system This mixture in Dfferent Operational Rotes Nov 1972 4 p In FRENCH
accounts for both the )lsenomens of color matching or hue (For availability see N73-1906S 10-041
discrimination and birch perceptual clurintirs, uf color as th.e division Sound scientific procedures developed to categorize color
of the spectruin into color tends This functioning of the cals in vision abnormalities in a uniform manner are discussed The -
the visual system respecially wi.thin the retina and thl relation Llbif~i~dliUii tU1id6IVIdir 1s iVaniiadsl d$ a fu f l1re iiuiIi69
U~ii
of this function to color perceition are discussed Author of error responses to tests. ihe nature of the abnofrrral~ty and
the dlavity of the coirdinri Trarra by E NW
N73-19"E7 Institute of Aviato Medicine Fuiprstenfeldbruck
IWr %IGermanvl Opthalmological 8-anch N73 1 072 Royal Ai! Foice ri st of Aviation Medicine
P;I)CTICAI SPECTS OF CC-LOA VIGIOiN AND ITS Fainht -Jugn (England)
01ISTUREOANC COLOt 7 MrION~pRECUIREMENTS IN DIFFERENT OPERA-
0.,tr.ch Kuersch, - Ir AGAIRD Coloiur Visr-n ifrequairernets inTIO NAL ROL' b
Offlerent Opsrationaý Roles Nov 1972 8 p refs (For availability D H Brennan I,r AGAR') Colour Vision Requrements in Different
sea, N73 103 t-I 1O
0 Operational Roles Nov 1972 3 p rels (For availabirlity see
A numhi'ei ,ecialnii s of the Geprrian Air ionce. eucespt the N73 1906S 10 04)
flying personnel, were asseased to determine the extent of coilor Color viiorn in the various operationAl roles of the Royal
vision equiredt It is shown that normal color visioris mandl-fory Air Force antij Army Air Corps was studied It is considered that
or ryfor the activities, of the teriepficrve tvchr~cra-i and the telephone good color acuiry. although playingi a volua!)le pert in the total
 78 04810SCIENCES

would be possble by offering the F-:esent Chromotictrles of red the use of colr for coding information used bry flight personnel
and green signal colo's to admit for ail airrcnw duties. except will probably be iticreasing tether than decreasing in the future
thoseo ci close. mrrsupport, the moxe severs grades of red green Author
defectives It is thought. however, that the small gain in recruiting
would not Warrant the resulting expense and disruption of preeent
services The peaudo-isoclrcrromatic plate* provide a simple and N73-21092#1 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
rapid method of detecting even minor anomalies of coilor visownr Development. Paris lFrance)
With present standlards. the lantern is the best trade test 'o. PREDICTABILITY OF MOTION SICKNESS IN THE ELEC-
grading color defeetries as fit or unfit to; aitrevre duties Should TION OF PILOTS
standards be lowered it would be necessery to supplement the M P. L.ansberg. ad Feb 1973 69 p refs Pertly in ENGLISH.
lantern witor a quanltitative test which should be related, if possible. partly in FRENCH Procl of Aercapoca Med Paenl Specialist
to the role envisaged for the candidate Author Meeting, Glasgow. 7 Sep 1972
IAGARO- CP- 109) Avail NTIS HC S5 50
* N73-19073 Army Aeromesdicel Research Lab. Fort Aucke;. Ala Susceptibility and factors contributing to motion sickness
* AIRCREW COLOR VICION REQUIREMENTS are enrernined The Air Force and Navy tests for motion sickness
Robert W Bailey rin AGARO Colour Vision Requirements in predictions are described Drugs that counteract the air sickness
*Different Operational Roles Nov 1972 4 p (For availability ire considered Blind fish responses to gravitational changes during
* seerN73-19065 10-04) parabolic flight are also studied For individual titles. see N73-
A study revealed no statistical difference in accident rates 21093 through N73-21 101
between a Selected population of color detectives and a matched
sample of normals The only significant differencol demonstrated 11173-2109Z. U trance arid Civil Inst of Environmental Medicine.
was between serious accidents in whizin the color normals were Downsview (Ontario)
involved in a greater number of accidents Istetisticelly significant) MEASUREMENT OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MOTION SICK-
then color defectivsp. Operational testinq of difficult cases eros NESS
also presented Author K E Money in AGARO Predictability ot Motion Sickness in
the Sels~uton of Pilots Feb 1973 4 p ref s (For availability
1173-1111074 Welter Read Army Medical Center. Washington. "a: N73 21092' 12-04:4
0C Three different brnses were suggested for predicting suscepti-
* PREDICTING VISUAL PERFORMANCE IN AVIATORS bility to motruri sickness in a specific vehicle These are (t)
* CZILOR VISION) history of motion sickness. (2) susceptibility to motion sickness

Buddl Appleton In AGARO Colour Vision Reciuiremerts in in a laboratory device, and (3) laboratory vestibular and other
Drifferentl Operational Roles Nov 1972 b p (For availability tes5 These techniques were reviewed, and their usefulness was
",a N7-98 10-041 assessed It was concluded thai the laboratory vestibular and
The wh~le concept of physical standards for personnel other tests are without Dractical value Susceptibility to motion
selection is reviewed, emphasizing visual perforniance for aviators sickness laboratory devices arid history at rotiion sickpiess were
Color visioln tests as predictive indicators of flying task perlformnce., used and have significant predictive value Consideretictri of these
are evaluated Esperience with a battery of tests as part of an technicques for selection ot aircrew candidates includes a

aeomedical in-flight evaluation is recorded in i bular form for comparison of the economic and other advantages at elimination

1 issJ12 avatorstesting AM of most expense

air sickno~s problems
and the loss of and
somethecandidates
disadvantages of the
who would
N73-19075 Headquarters Army Aviat~on. Middle Walloo not actually have had difficulty with motion sickness Author
lEnglarvil Dept of Aviation Med--ir~e N3204 Cnr tdse eR~~ihf
HELICOPTER FLYING AND COLOUR VISION Arn73-t09e Pentre (France) o'so~~
steciad eor 9iu
Z Perry In AGARO Colour Vision Requirements in DifferentAeoutuePrsIacl
ov 97
OpeatinalRoes
OpeatinalRoes
ov 972
4
4
oas ~otavalailiy ~MOTION
iss Ior valablit
sssPOSSIBILITY OF PREDICTING PREDISPOSITI(JN OF
SICKNESS IN THE SELECTION OF PILOTS

When0O
prbes1r0 nutrd nlwlee0elcpe1fyni IFt)SSIBILITt DE PREVOIR LA PREDISPOSITION AU MAL

under poor light and in Wheece~jntre

prbles terrain,
feetweimte.
colors have to be used for info matron
inlowlevl
ae difficulties
hlicpte ~DES
arise where TRANSPORT.F
G,AGRLagusty LORSM DE LA SELECTION DES PILOTESI
JPrdcaityoMtonSkesinheeltono
C Hadni. Gouars. R Gaily. and A P Giberl
certain items of information insrtrumnentpresentation andcolors
lighting, map to isolate
and I GR rdcaiiyo oinScns nteSlcino
maringca
prble al aeaswhe
beom te oeraor coorPilots 'eb 1973 9 p In FRIENCH (For availability see
visiongial abnrml Dicomeprobenestera fouhen mtheodsaofr color N73-2)092 12.04)
vemnis briifirialDifereces
re oun inmethds f c~orThe medico- aeronaut ical basis of selecting pilot personnel
vision testing The use of coloed Smokes against voirying in relatrin to motion sickness in outlined Human factors,
backgrounds can lead .o mistakes, at can wiring diagrams and aeronautical foctors, and natural evolution of motion sickness in
wire rrsrkrrga Author the pilots are described in derail Selection techniques cover
neuromuscular. nourovegetatrve. end psychological examinations.
and flight experience Trensl by E H W
N73-19076 Aerospace Medici Research Labs .1vllright Patterson
CF.OLioR VI3S21ON REeUIReMENT FORv AIlnd CREW PoR FATRPOTI GT OIN sIchoNESS
AFLOR VI9NRQIEETOhioR RE PER.9 FACTORS CO TIUTING e TOgnd DMpTIoPSyChology
SONNEL OF THE FUTURE SUSCEPTIS'LI'Y ADAPTABILITY AND RECEPTIVITY
Wsulter F Grether In AGARD C~nour Vision Requiorements in Jamnes Reason [Naval Aerosoace Med Flat Lab Pensacola. FlaI
Different Operational Roles Nov 1977 7 p rets IFor availability and Ashton Gre-biol In AG !kRD Predictabilriy of Motion Sicknewss
see N73-19065 10-04) in the Selection of Pilots Feb 19 73 15 p refs fFor availability
CoMlor-7-
h' uniqu
) as a09mean vdnc
N7u3 sFeetdt0i4oigv)al hwtattopripulco
ColMrL.A7 uniqe
tfll a0en41cdn iulyEvdnei N732t09 1s
rsne oSo ta w ecp ifcos
presented rnfor-notorrn Thij was stown by experimental evelue- receptivity and dlaplalility. contribute to vaiiationr in motion
toons of alternate coding mon,9hooda. such as pattern. Size intensity sickness susceptit lltv An attempt is made to :niegrate these
and flash rate A reduction in color vitin selection standards two sources of variation, in, a neurai mismatch theory of
for flight personnel. su'h as the pilo. would reqcire the motion sickrness Two original a. dive areobriefly replorteid In the
replacement of color with other and potentially lee. efficient fire. positive and Significarnt relativrnshros were obtained betweeni
visual coding methods Such a change would restrict the visual measuries of adoolltAildy and I1l a personal history measure 0-
display choices available so thes designers of future information sisrscptibiiy (.) ioss of well being during *.POSiM to ciosi6
presentation equipmenti. bn-th airborne anidground An examination coupiled anguliar acceierations and 31i a qluestioninaire meast ie
omuo
-4 rwit ninO a'rtorsioln it was aliso fousnd triat asilptabtititt anid recispn it,
sone
04 BIOSCIENCES 79

are unrelated eactors, and that. of the tvo. adaptability exerted S-34. airman traneets NS-91 S- 19. pentathlon athletes NS-14.
the most potent influence upon susceptibility Yet. among alow S-0) can greatly a!.sist in the overall selection of personnel int
adelpters onti. there was some evidence to show that receptivity preflight. postflight and in-training programs. Author
contributed to individual differences in proneness The second
study was concerned with the long-term retention of prctective N73-21099 Centre do Medecne Ae:onautigue. Bruss14,
Author (BelgNuml C-
adaptation
THE SELECTIO4 AND SURVEILLANCE OF STUDENT
N73-21096 Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab Pensacola. PILOTS WITH MOTION SICKNESS IN THE BELGIAN
Fie ARMED FORCfES ILA SELECTION ET LA SURVEILLANCE
ASSESSMENT OF REACTIONS TO VESTISt;LAR DISORIEN. DU POINT DE VUE MAL DE LAIR OkS ELEVES-PILOTES
TATION STRESS FOR PURPOSES OF AIRCREW SELEC- DES FORCES ARMEES BELGESI
TION S Tubal in AGARD Predictability of Motion Srckne-ss in the
Fred E Guedry and Rosalie K Ambler In AGARO Predictabilty Selectirn of Pilots Feb 1972 3 p In FRENCH IFor availability
of Motion Sickne- 'n the Selection of Pilots Feb 1973 8 p sea N73-21092 12-04)
refs (For avadlabri ae N73 21092 12-04) A method of selecting and observing student pilots of the
Several tests are described vlhich are useful for predicting Belgian Air Foice is given Based on this method. 1500 students
individuals who will separate from air trainln because of were admitted to pilot school in 1960 and 1972 Of this number
airsickness and/or disabling anxiety toward flight These tests only 7 were eliminated for established cases of motion sickness
are based on measures of immediate reactions to disorientation Tiransl by E H W
stralt It is desirable to have a futher diagnostic assessment of
individuals to determine the underlying causes of dlifcrences in
N73-21100 Institute of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstenfeldbruck
reactivity to disorientation stress and also to estimate the
individual's likelihood of success in the light of other predictor (West Gemasyl
variables The disorientation sitars tests significantly augment TEST RESUiTS ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METIXE-
other aviatoi predictor variables. and they appear to be significantly NUM APPLIED AGAINST MOTION SICKNESS
severae personality measures A particula, visual Christian Henning In AGARD Predictability of Motion Sickness
display andto task were used trial produced
correlated mut.~e in the Select,4n of Pilots Feb 1913 4 p refs (For availability
see N73 2102 12 04)
sickness than aid other tasks during comparable vestibular
Tht', healthy subjects v.eie tcsted in a spatial disorientation
stimulatio, Thf, test procedure was changed and a procedure
was developed which appears practical for assessing individual demonstrator ISOD) in order to compare the effectiveness of
differences *n accommodation to intersensory conthc" between Metoxenum tnd Meclcicn under double blind comparison test
the visual and vestibular systems The changed piocedure did conditions against motion Sickness with statistical evaluation
Mehoenum educed all subjectie symptoms sign|fcantiy Its
not proeuce sickneSs, and the results indicate that a 57 per
efficacy wa, i-gher than that of Meclocin Simultaneously recorded
u.ent rrean improvement in visual performance during vestibular
stimulation can occur after only a 10-minute habituation schedule oblective symptoms (post-'ota:ory vertigo sensation heart rate,
At least part of the improvement in visual performance appears results of a %..alking balance testl were not significantly influenced
Autho.
control
attributable to increased visual control over vestibula, reflex AuthOr
of the eyes
N73 21101' National Aeronautics and Space Administration

N73-21097 Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab. Pensacola. Ames Research Center. Moffett Field Calif
Fla RESPONSES OF BLIND FISH TO GRAVITATIONAL
MOTI3N SICKNESS QUESTIONNAIRE AND FIELD INDE CHANGES AS ACHIEVED IN PARABOLIC FLIGHT
PENDENCE SCOnES AS PREDICTORS OF SUCCESS IN I J Vondaumgarten tMich Univ. Ann Arbor). G L Shillinger.
Jr and G Bridrignt iMf,•I Ui,. -nr, Arbc : f? AC.! .R.()
NAVAL AVIATION TRAIIING
Robert S Kennedy Irn AGARD Predictability of Motion Sickness Predictabilith of Motion Sickness in the Selec.:;r,, ul Pilots Feb
Feb 1973 5 p reas For availability 1972 4 p refs (For availabilitv ..c r73-21092 12.04)
in the Selection of Pilots
"see N73.21092 12-04) Blind fish. durinro .:Zdbolic flight display a measurable and
The usefulness of two paper and pencil tests in predicting consistent ti!havior The most spectacular new behavior&l response
the likelihood of success in Naval aviation training is reported r. tile forwt.rd [coping of blind fish in or near weightlessness
Several years experrence with a motion sickness questionnaire This responte shows no met-surable adaptation during the entire
is reviewed literature and theories related to motion srckness oariod of wsightles-nesS of about 30 sec During the entrance
are surveyes and a group-administered personality test is relpored and exit of weightless parabolas Ipushover and pulloutO 'spec-
tively. the hi;h assumes a forward tilted diving pOSition b'igolhc
it-e motion sickness questionnaire (MSQG was empirically validated
flight with negative g in the range between 0 g and 1 -.,uses
against an experimental procedure for producing motion sickness
symptomatology IN 100) and in a larger group IN - 802) similar diving responses of the fish with the only difference being
Jscores on tlie questiornaire were statistically related to the that the drvs is directed toward the top of the fish tank When
the response to a g value less than 1 g is compared to the
likelihood of aviation training success Refinerients in the scor:ng
improved the predictive ability of550)the MSG iN 660) and response to increased 9 load on the ground lescepe o0 darting
cross-validated successfully IN Author responset a-, essential cliffatrence is seen higher horizontal
acceleration or jerk on the ground causes fish to swim. or even
fish during weightless
dart against the direction of inertial force,
Scnool of Aerospace Medicine Brooks AFR. Tes parabolas irmove into the direction of the mertial or gravitational
N73-21098 fnrAi Snrn, the vestibular system of fish is homologous to tnat
Biodvnamics BrEnch
THE USAFSAM SELECTION. TEST. AND REHABILITATION of man thu observed behavior of fish in weightless flight could

PROGRAM OF MOTION SICKPredictability

PILOTS halo to ber er understand human performance and sensations in
Patrick J Dowd ir AGARtP of Motion Sirkness comparable situations Author
in thb. Selection of Pilots Feb 1972 10 p rels iFor availability
see N73 21092 12 04)
The USAF School of Aerospace Medn:une biaxial stimulator
was used to impose standardized Co•irolis stimuli for the purpose N73 2 1102# Advsory Group for Aerospace iresearch and
of detern,.ning a subjecl s tolerance of thi5 very disturbing stimulus Development Pa•is It-rancel
This leat differentiates the noirsick INS) individuals from the THE USE OF MEDICATION AND DRUGS IN FLYING
sick IS) ones within each peer group (navigato's Orlots and PERSONNEL
airman trainees) aid -s avaluableindicator of the level ol resistanco Heinz 5 FuJchs ed Feb 1973 154 p rels Partly in ENGLISH.
ru individual has to Coriolis rcceleratlions and ,s a selection partly in FRENCH Proc of Aerospace Med Panel Specialist
tool for an individual's resistance to motion !ickness The results Meeting Glasgow 5 6 Sep 1972
of this tvi@ of tlest (PlIrtS NS 299. S 51. navigators NS 0O. (AGARD CP-t108 Avail NTIS HC S9 75
 ri
i..".

80 04 BIOSCIENCES

Drug effects on flight fitness and the evaluation. detection. on a tOur of duty to ensue sufficient sleep and so enable them
identification of orugs and alcohol in flying personnel are to cope successfully with the ensuing period of work. The problem
discussed For individual titles. se N73-21103 through N73- on long haul routes is greatly compounded by the effect of
21126 tlme zone changes, night flights and changes of a climatic nature
which all effecit the individual's abiity to achieve sloep on arrival.
N73-21103 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and There is definite evidence of cumulatine sleep loss on longer
Development. Paris (France) trans-meridian routes As a result, the individual pilo1 may be
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT. CONCLUSION. tempted to use hypnotici which he can purchase freely over
RECOMMENDATIONS the counter in some parts of the world without medical supervision
Heinz S Fuchs In as The Use of Medication and Drugs in In addition, he may use sl.,ohol for its hypnotic action or combined
Flying Personnel Feb 1973 13 p refs lFor availability see with other hylnotics which miy affeft not only his fitness to
N73-21102 12-04) fly cn the next day. but have addictive and cumulative effects
Inasnuch as flying effectiveness depends on an op.imum The problems are discussed for a long haul airline and some
degree of psychosomatic fitness- it is axiomatic that the need in suggestions are made for controlling the situation from both the
a flyer for drugs should raise serious doubts as to his fitness to rnmdical and executive standpoints Author
fly Increasing age of the flying population is the major contributing
factor since there is an increased incidence of disease commonly N73-21108 Royal Air Force Central Medical Establishment.
associated with aging Improved diagnostic techniques and London (England)
augmented information about normals and early disease have AVMED POLICY ON SLEEP IN AIRCREW
else had a significant influence upon both the types of problems P J OConnor In AGARD The Use Of Medication and Drugs
evaluated and their disposition The flight surgeon must keep in Flying Personnel Feb. 1973 2 p (Fur availability see-
well informed on all drugs. parlin.ularly newly accepted ones. so N73-21102 12-04)
that no medication will be prescribed which might (.crompromise The role ol the aviation medical practitioner in relation to
flight safety Individual susceptibihlty and hypersensitivity to drugs aircrew sleep is to instruct the crews in how to anticipate see
in general muýt always be considered In certain situations drug requirements and the best physiological ways of encouraging
therapy is warranted to prervent complications and to effect an adequate sleep. Hypnotics should not be used by crews to get
improvement in long term prognosis Another problem is acute sleep as they rause decrement in performance during the
,lnes$, wherein drug thersoy is warranted erther to treat primarily subsequent day Ajthor
thi etiology of the disease or more frequently merely to czntroll
the symptoms in a self-limited corvfrtron Author
O N73-21109 Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine.
N73-21104 Federal Aviation Administration. Washington DC
CEnglaid) Fsrnborough
Office of Aviation Medi USE OF HYPNOTICS BY AIRCREW. ADAPTIVE TRACKING
RUcie AS A TECHNIQUE FOR THE EVALUATION OF PERF')RM-
THE CURRENT STATUS OF DRUG USE IN CIVIL AVIATION ANCE DECREMENTS RELATED TO THE FLYING TA 1K
PERSONNEL RCBradadANN~osnI
Peter V Siegel and Stanley R Mohler in AGARD The Use of
GR hsAeo
R C Borland and A N Nicholson In AGARD The .i5 of
Medication anndebD
Drugs
r N73iri21102
Fling Personnel Feb 1973 4 pMedication
(Fed ava ses lg 12-04) and Drug's
refs (Fri availability seeinN73-21102
Flying Personnel
12-04) FPb 1973 5 p

Screening data concerning U S civi airman while beingorlamnstlii.f The mean performance of 6 subject$ tested following the
ebrioeB!adeof33 g/ f
medically certified during the period July 1971 - April 1972 oral admrnistratioi of secobarbitone e! a dose of 33 mg/kg of
are reporated In the sample studied two p-,"cent of pilots and body weight !n an adaptive tracking tsas provides a reasonable
three percent of ground control personnel hur positive urines approach to evaluating drug aher-effects of possible significance
The posrcves included borbituratesoamphetamines. codeine, to the fying task Nevertheless, training of personnel and the
morphine s ind
methadone Aublbsi experimental procedures involved demand considerable effort O,
the part of sublectr and experimenters Authior
1`03-211106 Royal Air Force Hospria!. Ely [England)
MEDICAT!ON AND DRUGS IN AIRCREW N73-21110 Centre d'Essers an Vol. Bretigny-sur-Orge IFrance).
H B Kelly In AGARD The Use of Medication and Drugs in MODIFICATIONS OF PEnFORMANCE UNDER CERTAIN
Flying Personnel Feb 1973 4 p rafs (For availability see MEDICATIONS: PROPOSED MEASURING METHOD
N73-21102 12-04) [MODIFICATIONS DE LA PERFORMANCE SOUS L'INFLU-
The attitudes adopted by the Royal Air Force and British ENCE DE CERTAINS MEDICAMENTS: A PROPOS D'UNE
civil aviation toward medication and drugs taken by their sircrew METHODE DE MESURE)
are ditcussed and recommendations made Author R Auffret. R Angiboust. and J. Dominge In AGARD The Use
of Medication and Drugs in "lying Personnel Feb 1973 6 p
N73-21106 Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine, rats It FRiENCH (For availability sea N73-21 102 12-04)
Fafnbofough [England) The influence of tranquilizers, hypnotic drugs, and brtbiturates
USE OF HYPNOTICS BY AIRCREW 1 OPERATIONAL on the performance of navigation personnel is investigated
CONSIDERATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES Reaction time. personnel efficiency during comlesx tasks. and
A N NichAison and Catherine M Wrigtlt In AGARD The Use psychological factors wore measured It was determined that
of Medication and Drugs in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 5 p some drugs Fluphenerzin. Trifluopipermeine. a Preonesnrdtv-
refs (Fo, availability see N73-21102 12-04j do not affect performance, while hypnotic drugs and tranquieers
The residual offeits o" hypnotic drugs for normauing aircrew show some definite performance decremen't Tranl. by E.HW
sleeping patioens on human r.t'edous funct:rn and performance
are studied Delayed matching-to-sample tests on monkeyiu show N73-21111 Army Aerimadical Research Lab. Fort Rucker. Ala
that barbiturates do not effect matchingto
benzodisoepires increase response olimesitimuli
up totime. but some
6 hrs after THE EFFECTS OF INN CHEMOPROPHYLAXI9 ON AVIATOR
PERFORMANCE
administlrtion G G Mark A Hofmann In AGARD The Use of Medication rid
Drugs in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 0 p raft (For aviebilri••y
N73-21107 Air Corporations Joint Medical Servic, SEA/ROACI. see N73 21102 12-04)
London (Englandi A group of tuberc.ii, positive. heahhy aviators taking INN
AIPFCTS OF SLEEP REGULATION IN AIRLINE PILOTS prophylactically at dutages of 300 mg daily for one yer were
F S Preston In AGARD The Use of Medicati.nn and Drugs in maintailn1 -,r,ly:ng status while simultaneofesly particiating in
Flying Personnel Feb 1973 8 p raf% (For availability "se a study to determine the effects of this drug therepo This
N73-21102 12-04) investigation measured performance on a number of leboratory
Prcmably the greatest problem facing long haul Civil airlines [asks to include pursuit tracking mental multiplcation det sarn
ti the need to ensu:e that pilots are given adequaie time while reaction time and combination* of the above No 0 mna in
04 BIOSCIENCES 8

performnance weirsobserved in this Performanca Also 0 function Of N73-21116 Mainz Unirv. (West Germany). Inst of Forena
drug treatment Additionally. the"e aviators' physical state was Medicine
assessed by measuring a host of phsysaok~g"c parameters DRUG USE AND PERFORMANCE
during the- year of therapy There was no evidence of severe J. G. Gostermzyk. P Paraide. and H. Gewertcke In AGARD The
droig ree ctiona.it wels recomnmende~d that avniators t-3 allowed to Use of Medication and Drugs in Flying Personneul ceb 1973
cotitmue flying dlutiesa while taking INH at these dosage levels. 6 1 rute WFooavailability seesN73-21 102 12-04)
Wu in the enters of safet, a regulIar program of careiful clonici Posvchokou~l and physiological eoffects of acute cannabis
obesnitiortoo and penodic measuremenlts of trtnsemonwase levels intoxication are considered. It is shown that hashish smnoling
be conducted Autiioor doe ri affect oxygen consumption -n man. However. perform-
ance requirement* in driving a car under the influence of the
drug appear to be felt as stress which demands a respense
N73-21 112 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsianostelt fusr from a peycobiologiceolly stimulated high onergd level Reduced
Lull- und Raumfahit. Bed Godesberg (West Germany) tinal piformance capability mnifniests itself of actual *freom situations
fuer Flugmedizin are superimpoeed up-on the normal task It ns concluded that
THE PREDICTION OF FLIGHT SAFETY HAZARDS FROM hashish .mnairs the ability to drive safely GG
DRUG INDUCED PERFORMANCE DECREMENTS WITH
ALCOHOL AS REFERENCE SUBSTANCE
Karl F Klein In AGARD The Useoof Medication and Drugs in N73-21116 Bioiachnology. Inc. Falls Church. Via
Filyion Personnel Feb 1973 12 p refs (For availability is" USE OF SPECTRAL ANALYSIS PROCEDURES FOR THE
N73 21102 12-04) EVALUATION OF DRUG EFFECTS
A modification of CNS activity resulting in a decrement of James F Parker, Jr and Thomas W Frazier (Walter Reed Army
performance is the most unwanted side effect of drugs in active Inst of Res. Washington. 0 C) lIn ACAAD The Use of Medication
flyoring personnel A procedure is described where hazard prediction adDusi ligPronl Fb17 es(o
is accornopir~hed with ethcnot as reference substance through availability see N73 21102 12-04)
the following a,"p (1) Evaluation of dose -effect -relationsh-p for The us. Of spectral analysis procedures in the study of drug
ethanol with the perfurmance tetat to be applied in toxicological effects is described in an attempt to develop a more sensitive
drug studies, and (2) Examinaticin of drug with the alcohol and meaninglul index of performance change Spactrel analysis
calibrated test metho~d, estimation of the aicohol intoxication Procedures use time series dats in which basic biOrtiythMiCotie
levell equipoterntial in its performance decrement to the drug in performance are identified snid studied as the subject iitriposed
do"e studied. definition of the operational significance of the to a stress condition (drug administration) Oscillatory performance
drug induced performance changes by reference to the intosica- profiles are transformed from the time domain to row*r spectra
lion- hazard- rellstwitnhip established for alcohol, prediction of the These spectra then are examined by meansnof statis!ical coherence
critical drug dose through extrapolation Results with sedative, estimates Changes in the coherence of these boorhythms
neijuroleptic. tranquilizing and stimulating drug. are demonstrated PýOvide a measure of the extent to which the organization of a
rnd the advantage and limitations of the reference procedure complex performance has been eisrupted by the Stress condo-
discussed. Author tior. Subjects were administered a tranquilizing drug Ichtordiazeolp-
oxide) under double-blind conditions A significant loss of
coherence wves found for the performance of a vigilance task
N73-21113 Ohio State Univ. Columbus Aviation Medicine No change was found in the accompanying physiological
Research Lab measures heait rate and rectal temperature These results clearly
ETHYL ALCOHOL AND PILOT PERFORMANCF.; MILITARY show a drug induced desynchronizaiion of performance insa human
IMPLICATIONS Of IN-FLIGHT STUDIES data processing activity It is concluded that spectral analysis
C. E Billings. A. L Wick. Jr.- R J Gerka. and A C. Chase In techniques may be of ,aiue as one tool in the complete evaluation
AGARD The Use of Medication and Drugs in Flying Personnel of drug effects Author
Feb 1973 11 p refs IFcr availability see N73-2 1 102 12-04)
Sis-tooen instrument -rated civil pilots flow 501 instrument
lending system approaches in a light airplane at night under N73-21117 Schuol of Aerospace Medicine. Brooks AFb. Tax.
simulated instrument Rlight conditions while sober and while under DRUG ABUSE DETECTION EFFORTS
the influence of 04. 08 and 12 G% blood ethyl alcohol George 0 Lathrop, Harold L Kaplan. and Jack E Wellace In,
concentrations Date included continuous measurement of AGARO The Use of Meditction and Drugs in Flying Personnel
deviations from localizer and glide path ceinterline, note was Feb 1973 4 p refs (For availability see N73-21 102 12-04)
mae" of all procedural errors While the highly experienced pilots Operations' efforts to detect drug abuse by mossa-screening
mainiained bettei tracking performance than the less experienced urinalysis are summarized Particular emphasis is given to the
subjects. particularli at h~gh blood alcohol levels, both groups current analytical methods used to detect opiates. barbiturates,
demonstrated progressive increases in the number and seriousness arid amPhe'amines Advantages and disadvantages of available
of procedural errors with each increase in alcohol level These methoodollog-1 are pritsenteod to provide rationale guidelines foi
results indicate that alcohol-induced performance degradation may establishing -in accurate and forensically reliable toxicolo~gy
occur first in secondary tasks roata,r than in the primary flying laboratory Metohods of thin layer chromatography and gasi-liquid
task They also indicate that '4iereo is potentially dangerous chromatography offer unparalled detection accuracy for drugs of
deaterioration in the performance of even highly skilled aviators abuse, as well as a canability, to analyze therapeutic levels o1
at blood alcohol levels as low as .0)4% Author certain psychotropic dru.gs irgnquilizers, antihistamine,) of specific
concern in flying jot Vulations Tis-dem researich o'forto to improve
current rnethodosogy for the Ooglthylamide of lyiergic ecid ILSO).
N73 21114 Caeni Urrrv. I(Fret-ce) Factite de Miedecine atd ltstrahvdrnc:Linobncibls ITHCI. and methadone and to develop new
Ptsarmscol-,Nie tests baesd ti. individual sonzymatr. changVis. are btrieNI
THE OPTIMIZATION OF FORIM IL-OPTIMISAYION DE LA PriOiclisd Author
FORMEJ
Robert N4. Lamaisre in AGARD The Use of Medication and
Drugs in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 3 p In FRENCH (For N 73-21 1 Ifn Royal Air Force lost of Aviation Medicine.
avaolibilty "ae N73-21 102 12-041 lfarnb~orou~h (England)
Sports medi,-ne. sii relation to the effects of drugs on physical VJIE OF HYPNOTICS BY AIRCRIEW: CONSIDERATIONS
and pslychologicall performance, is discussed Three points were OF METAE'LISM AND EXCRETION
established for good physicel form during compiatrito sactivitiesl J M Clifford and J H Cookson In AGAR') The Use of
They are (1) maintenance of electrolytic equilibrium. Medication end Drugs in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 8 p
Q21 supplemeantartion of normal vitamin levels, and (3) regulation r(fs (For availeb~lity see N73-21 102 12.04l)
of aocidoverloads Trons by E H W The molaboclrsm of secobarbitroneij hepitsabrbtorne and the
82 04 JIIOSCIENCES

nontisibetufaft hypnotic eisteheuacrhve benatudsedmn-on P173.21123 FluglougfuehrorschulO. Kleir Heindorn (West

us"rn the tachomiiuo of gats liquid chromatography A polarogrsphic Germany)
tectnaquor for plasma levels of nsitrazepam ham also been TRANQUILIZERS AND AVIATION
ewatietd.Author Heinrich Schuate-Wintrop in AGARD The Use Of Molicatio
ievarjbi'IVt Sae N73-21 102 12-04)
The use, of tranuiluihtrs during perItOf Of flying duty asStifl
IN73-21111. Institute of Avistion Medlicine. Fulaerstenfieldbruclr rntAesad iec ffacits on' flight Safety have 90 far
(Weot Geirmawl) bean poa~nta1Va obseaved: there is. however. a danger of such
THE IMPACT OF DIURNAL RHYTHM ON DRUG DOSING effects in Case of axcess dosage and use of staiKs~tC Such SS
AND DRU EVchilJrALUATION7i s f~44dcf~ dinazepem A potentiating effect by alcohol has been described
Th Us of ediatin an Drgs
H W.Kar InAGAR n some cases. bint the influenice of alcohol alone appears to be
an Flyng Personnel Febi. 1973 4 p (For availability No the crucial factor in these Cases It Is shown that a1starctac like
me-210 12-04 ) f ~ ~ ehvr chlordwezpxide fail to alleviate streiss reactions an student pilots.
kr~ isfa~cta tor ahifuntiontmiall bhvorofrihg
Thuman l nown but that the application ot certain trsnquilizers in treating different
pranoess nism istl sbeing t ryhialyocrrn al types of klneto~i8 Seemys piomising The prescription Of tranquilizers
prcesissil ex2disregarded in clinical practice and Should be avoided until the affelcts these madicaments have in
pohairmacology Drug dosing. instiaro of stickin tisvi the Stereotyped combination with the varied strains encountered in avataetion have
paittern of 3 st 1 tablert/day. requires full consideration of the been fi-fly surveyed Author
diurnal variations which occur in tha Numatin body wrinofivin mainly
cardiovascular parameters Drug evaluation. on the other hand.
should also include careful studies in diurnal rhythm in order to N473-21124 Fighter Bomber Wing 313all. Kerpen/Ertt (Weat
obtain precise data on the duration and onset of drug action as Germany)
waell as on specific influence emerging in the course of the day. USE OF MEDICATION AND DRUGS. ESPECIALLY ALCO-
all the more since any apptroach of this kind will contribute to HIOL BY FLY!NG PERSONNEL
the elimination of untoward side effects and other hazardous H-uigo Hernbach Ini AGARO rho Use of Medication and Drugs
influences which may be attributed to a drug Author in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 5 p rels (For availability sea
P473-21120 Ho~prial d'instructron des Armase. Versailles (Franrcel Alcohol is the imoSt common and most dangerous drug ustd
ANTIDIABETIC MEDICATIONS AND NAVIGATION PER- liv pilots three simple methodb wre dvrvrciibro br yh~ch :h
SONNEL. (MEDICAMENTS ANTIOIASETIQUES ST PER- bilood alcohol can be determined (1l By means of two tables-
SONNEL NAVIOANTJ pilots *to able to determine the approximate !oval of blood alcohol
Roger Pannier and Gerard Leguay in AGARD The Use of concentration after the consumption of a kno~wn amount ot
In FRENCH (For availability see N73-21 102 12-04) tion of the gross post-rotational nystagmus which is fouitd
The use of antrdiabetic drugs and the fIlness of such people whenever thei central nervous system has been) affected by alcohol
as navigation personnel are examined It was determined that and (31 a semni-quantitative meothod of breath analysis for alcohol
the rnsulin-u.6,endent sugar diabetic is unfit for such )obo because detection in the blood There three methods make it possible to
he is subject to keto-ecrdosic accidents, hypoglycemia. and single out pilots who have alcohol in their blood and to preventI
regimented diets unsuited for his* to5 In non-insulin dependent them from flying Author
diabet~cs who are maintained by oral drugs. it was detenrmined
that those who use sulphenylureas are also unsuited for flying
duties since this drug sometimes causes hypoglycemnia Diabetics N473-21126 Cqntre d Essais en Vol. Bretigni-sur Orge (France)
taking biguanide. 1! was determined. may under exceptional EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON CEREBR0,11 BLOOD FLOW
circumstances become or continue to be flying personnel Thes-e PATTERNS IN THE1 SMOKER AND NONSMOKER IACTION
drugs idu oii~t produce hypogt-yclimia a. d-- the oth! e'fldrcent Of L'ALTfTU()E. CHEZ IS FUMEIJR ET LE NOW FUMEUR
studied Tronal by E H W SUR LES VARIATIONS OU DEBIT SANGUIN CERESRA'L)
J Demnange and Ft Auffret In AGAR:7% the Use of Medication
end Drugs in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 5 p refs In
P473-21 12t Royal Air Force 4ospital. Ely (England) FRENCH (For avarlability see, N7 3-21102 12-04)
OCULAR SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS IN AVIATION Variations in the cerebral blood circulation of smokers and
MEDICINE nonsmokers as a function of altitudes are measured rhliogiahi.
0 W T 5mith In AGARD The Use of Medication and Drugs cally Also measured were the effects of vilsometric drugs attitude
in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 2 p (For availability sees tolerance, chronic hypoxia. and performance as influence by blood
N473-2) 102 12-D4) flow Transl tby E H W
Many drugs which may be prescribed for srrcrew or used
by aircrew in "ill medication have known reported ocular udide N73411120 Institute of Pharmacology. Oslo lNo~wayl
eftects which can elf act visual performance Reviewed are some COMPARISON OF MENTAL AND PSYCHOMOTOR EFFECTS
of the main groups of these drugs. drawing attention to these OF DIAZEPAM AND ETHANOL
aide efet Author J F 14 Haffner et at In AGARD The U"e of Medication and
Drugs in Flying Personnel Feb 1973 W p rels (For availability
"seN473 21102 12-041
N473 .91122 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Whether and to what extent a single, targe therapeutic dose
Development. Paris (France) of draxepm affects mental and psychomotor functions in man
OPHTALMOLOOIC SURVEILLANCE 0or ABSORBED was determined Ti-e effects of rarazoes-n in dosages of 10 and
ANTIMALARIA DRUGS IN SYSTEMS OF NAVIGATION 20 mg'70 kg body weight riave been compared with alruas uf
PERSONNEL ISURVEILLANCE OPHTALMOLOGIOLIE DU alcohni in amounts which were designed to produce blood levels
PERSONNEL NAVIGANT ASSORSANT DES ANTIPALU. Of Oppuoxriataly 0 1% Serum concentrations of diazepami were
OEENS DE SYNTHESEJ estimatesd in order it, see %eharthof it was prossibsle to establish a
J P Chevalaraud (CPEMPN. Paris) Ir its The Usep of Marlcation, correflsor.m between dosages. serum concentrations and effects
and Drugs in rlying Personnell Feb 1973 5 p in FRENCH It was shown that daizepanyi has a negative influence on the
IOor availability sw- N73-2 1102 12-04) reisults of a Series of tests with relevance to petrifmormace in
Obeervatioera of synthetic anurimlarials. through opthalrnofogi- none of ahe tests was thare airy improvement in meaon score
CAIlrmetlhods, in the systems of narvigation personnel Were made after dioeapamn compared with placebo However, a conspanrixo
Risks to test subjects and toxic doeaffects are discussed of the test results reveals Some ditffernces between the effects
Tronot by E H W, of alcohol end drazapam Author
04 8IOSCIENCES 83

N73-23057A1 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research arid The extent to whict. this existinrg syrrn~0myC ' had corritnibou-
Development. Paris lFranca), ten to fatal accidents and the Quastion of Specific flying conditions
CURRENT STATUS IN AEROSPACE MAEDICINE boit'g conducive to an eitaceirbattof. of alyringomnyella are
Wal~ L Jones. ad (NASA. Washington. D C) Feb 1973 discussed Histological examrtinocins of organs of pilots inivolved
77 p refs Prtesntedl at Aerospaica Mod Panel Specialist Meeting. in ftota accidents have often revealed iiiseawe. in particular tiot**
Glasgow. Scotland. 7-8 Sep 1972 involving tie heart, Which may have !irited flying fdituss
(AGARD-CP- 110) Avail NTIS NC 5800 Authocr

Proceedings from an saercoapaca meodicine conference areI

preseneead. emphasizing human tolerances to various strait facors N73-230S2 Johann-Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat. Fianklurt am

-
incurred during flight The diseases. cyririgomyailia and hepatitis. Main (West Germany) Arbe-tagrutipe fuer Boiophysikeltschis
are considered in terms of their effect on tVie flying fitness of Welltrumforschung
Personnel Compound Needing of Rhesus monkeys is included THE SIOSTACK E'!LPlMEWNI ON APOLLO 1S
For individual titles, s"a N73-23058 through N73-23068 N Bueckjor In AGARO) Currenit Status in Aerospace Mod
Feb '973 8 p rafs 'For availability see N73-23057 14-0-41
N73-230681 National Aeronautics and Space Admnisnrtrationi. The cobils-ove if the SIO.;TACK expetriment, flown onLinard
Washington. D C Apollo 16. is to study the combined action of individual foeatry high
RECENT NASA AEROSPACE MEDICINE TECHNOLOGrI energy loss nuclei of cosmic. radiation and Space flight factor!
DEVELOPMENTS on biological systarmb in resting state The results Wilt give
Walton L Jones In AGARD Cu~rrnt Status ...Aerospace Mod information on the mecmanism of heavy particles on bitological
Feb 1973 8 p rats (For availability see N73 23057 14-04) matter The 610STACK exoerimental package contains a series -
CSCL 06EE of monolayers of sikicted biological objects (Bacillus subtilis -
Areas of life science Cre being stuidied to oblitin baseline spores. Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Vicia f aba islict.'sol. Anemia
date. Strategies. and technology to permi life research in the Salina eiggs) with each lae.; sandwiched between several different
space envi~inrnonnt The reactions of the cardiovascular system physical track detectors (nuclear emulsions. cellulose nitrate.
to prolonged weightlessness are also being rnvestigaved Particle colycarbonatel Individrjal local evaluation methods werel
deposition in -the human lung. independent respiratory support ovloW which idfentify~ eacir biological effective particie arid

N73.230S9
Orleans. La
systm. oodtecnolgy.andremoelyconfoled
sysemntfooed trehnloy, n reotl cotole maiuatraffect

Naval Aerospace Medical

aniulaorscor.

ol~eaercri Lao . Noaw

elate the individual hitting particle with the produced biological
A vgrietyr of biological effects di or to a single penetrating
particle~ is being finalized influence on cellular and tissue
develoomitnt nuclear damages. and mutation induction Author
-
W
NON-FATAL EJECTION VERTEBRAL FRACTURE AND ITS N73-2303' Flugwvissonschattlrches Forschungsanstalt. Munich
PREVENTION (West Germany! Yarlies Primate Research Center
Channing L Ewing In AGARD Current Slatur. in Aerospace BREEDING MONIKEYS FOR UIOMEDIZ:AL RESEARCH
Med Feb 1973 8 p rafs (For availability sec( N73-23057 Geoffrey H Blourn%: M Nally Golarzda~ourne. and Michele E
14-04) Keeling In AGARD Current Status in Aefrospace MeJ Feb
Several studies of the nature and Ovtent of the problem 1973 8 p refs (For sivailabrlit'y see N73-23057 14-04)
were made Jones at a) showed that 2 1% cl 165 !J S Navy (NASA Order R-10-009-013. Grant AR-O08S5)
avuilors suffered vertebral fracture using a gun-type election seat CSCL O6C
over a 4 1/4 year pericod 1958-1963 (2) Of these. six were Captive tired rhesus monkeys show much lets pathology
retired on disebility and one additional died Fryer found a 19% than wild born animals The monkeys may be bred in cages or
incidence in 220 A A F election using a similer seat (3) -firsch in an outdoor compound. Cag.% bred animals are not psjy
found a 25% incidence in 55 Swedish Air Force elections tosing chologec&slv normal whr--h makes then unsuited for some tyfpes
a different seat t4) Miore recently. Shannon found that in lyre of space relaic, research Compsand breeding piovides contact
USA F during CY 1967 and 1968. ther,: were 390 noncombat bitween mother Crit :nfant and an opportunity for the infants
electionst with 116 persons sutlaring niaioi iionfatal injury (5I to play with th3ir peefrs, whriih;7 important reourrements to
Forty-one of the major injuries weie f'actijres due t0 election neip maintain their beliavicia; integrity Otft~pang nzivesre afte!
force. and 97% of these were vertebral fractures lit the combat a year in the compoind appear behaviorally normal and show
fractures. and 80% of all veratebral fractures suffered were due method for the rapid production of young animals The colony
to ejecitioi force in all. 31% of noncombat and 2S% of combat car, double its size about every two and a half years. Author
motor injuries on election were nonfatal election vertebra) fractures
In both cases the election veretebral fractures were the largest 0471-23064 Royal Air Forcn tinat of Aviation Meicine
single category of Major injury A uthor . .rrnborough (England)
HYBRID COMPUTING: A TECHNIQUE FOR THE IMMEDI-
N473-23000 Hellenric Air Ftfrce General Hospital. Atfhens (Greoece) ATE ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
MA.4AGEMENT OF ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIERS OF G H Byford Inr AGARO Current Statui in Aerospace Med
HEPATITIS-AS90CIATEO.ANTIGEN (HAA) IN HELLENIC Feb 1973 4 p rafs (For availability see N73 2ZO57 14-041
AIR FORCE PERSONNEL The solution must include a means ior rejecting the*. part of
H G Vissoulis and C E Grannopoulo3 In AGARO Current this date considered to be of little imponrtace. a terchniqueo for
Status in Aerospace Med Feb 1973 4 p refs (For avarlabiltity establishing the probable difference between Iwo possibly rimilar
"aeN73-23057 14O04 recordings. or the probable similarity betwecin two appiarentily
A large-scale investigaliori amor g Hfellenic Air Force personnel different recordings. and t''ý speedy piocessirig of data. ,roferably
was instituted in Jan 19 71 aiming at detecting the asymptomatic but not necessurily carried ;jut during the experiment Much can
HAA carriris andi recommending meljisn of prevention medical be donei with simple and easily unders'.ood statistics. a sr-7il
disposition ano/,or elimination from fly~ing arid 1.9fter SPj~rscrltefi hybrid eermpufi- find the allocation of a ltrtle thought to the
This systematic screening is justified bjy a h-gl ýofrelation of problem as a whole rather then to its idtolated per.. These
positive HAA and cases of acute viral hepatitis A disquieting processes are ill- --Vaieed oy considering the real-time analysis of
incidence )f 5 2% o) asymptomnatic HAA carrfiros was demon- a r~iultichennel elecrrrphysrological recording, using uncomplicated
at ratesd Author mathematics and the parallel-senal hybrid computing installs-
lion Author
N73-23061 Institute of Aviation Medicine. Furstsntenfldbrijcl
(West Germany) N73-23065 School of Aerospace Midicini.,. Brooks AF8. Tex
SYAINGOMYELIA AND FLYING FITNESS Apple;ý! Physiology Branch
Guenter Apell fIn AGARD Current Status in Aerospace Med AEROMED) CAL EVALUATION OF TN DHASED-OILUTION
Feb 1973 3 p refs (For availability see N73-23057 14-04 CONCEPT FOR OXYGEN BREATHIN 'OTEMS
 84 041B10SCIENCES

SRobert W Kruti. Jr William J1 Sears. Kenneth G Gould. Jr and *valuated by merant of Some heat stressilin~dex. Results
arv Richard W Bancroft In AGARD Current Status in Aerospace of experimental parallel researches are also repotieo to assiess
Med Feb 1973 7 p refs (For availability see N73-23067 the effects on acceleration tolerance and psychom'ritor perform-
14-041 oco iutn iuaigsrml aeofAto
This series of studies was designed to rornpals the foetabi iultnvcabe aeOfAto
effectiveness of piiiassed-driution with current demand-dilluter
oxygen delivery systems inartificially ventilated dogs, and in seated- 7-24E Avsr ru frArsaeRaac n
quietly breathing humnsn. The arterial Oxygetn tons-ion ap- Development. Paris (France)
proximately doubled inthe canine model with the pirased-dilution SPATIAL. DISORIENTATION IN FLIGHT; A HAV40SOOK
oxygen deivory when ~omnparecwith comparable Quantities of FO)R AINCREW
p~emixed oxygen at ground level and at simulated 611tWiudr Of A - Benson (RAF Inst. of Avitation Med ) and E Surchard lGerman
10.000 and 18.000 feet in a decompression chamber Arterral AF Mod Corps) Sep 1973 43 p refs
oxygen tensions inhumans breathing in a random fashion were IAGARD-AG-170) Avail NTIS HC 5425
higher with the phased dilution oxygen delivery system than with Ithiesbeen known for many years that aircrows/Suffer from
comparable Quantities of premnised oxygen Human arterial oxygen false sensations and perceptions o~faircraft motion and that thesee
tensions measured with the phissed-dilulron technique at ground iodustoris may hazard the safety of the aircraftarid its occupants
level and ii. a chamber at subatmospheric pressures equivalent Thishandbook considers the various manifeastiftons of spatiall
to altitudes of 10.000 a- u 18 000 feet were lIss than predicted disorrelation. their causes and consequences for the benefits of
from the &anine work It appears thbi l~iii more limited airciewS and their medical attendants Author
effectiveness is closely relatedto a respiratory dead s~ece effect
and is influenced by frequent' and dlepit of breasthing with a
fixed bolus Author N741137840 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Development Paris iFrincel
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAt. CONDITIONS COMPATIBLE WITH
N73 23066 Na~al Aerospace Medich, Reseerch Lab.- Now FLYING
Orleans. LP Heinz S Fu~chsed lGerrnan Fed Armed Forces Bonn) Oct
SPECIALIZED ANTHP.OPOMETRY kEaUIREMENTS FOR 1973 tr.2p refs In ENGLISH and FRENCH Presented at
PROTECTIVE-EQ~UIPMENT EVALUATION AGAFID Aerospace Med Panel Specialist Meeting Pensacola
DailJ Thomas in AGARO Current Status i-i Aerospace Fla, 16 17 May 1973
Med Feb 1973 8 p refs(Foravarlabite see N73-23057 (AGARD-CP 129) Avail NTIS HC $9 75

Anttrropometry, was considered from the point of view of are reporled The effectsof agernq flighit siiesb rial.-.,4
its application toi problems of protectrve-equ-pment evaluation. Psychoohysiologicat patholoqical factors on pilot flight fitness are
piopulations The difficulties of supilving data for all three art-as N74 13806
of endeavor are discussed A tIlree-dimensional anatomically
referenced basis ýor recording anthroPometric dlaI is offererd asN7138 GemnFdrlAer ies on
an adequate approacli Coordinate systems for ;he head and TCN ICA EVALATIO REPORT. CONCLeSIO AND~oreBn
the first thoracic vertebral body are described Author A' COMMENDATIONS RPR.CNLSO N
Heinz S Fircirs In AGiARI Pathophysrol Conditions Compatible
N73-230d7 Office ofthe Air Force Surgeon General. WaF.urirrjton. -rth Flying Oct 1973 t0 p (For availability see N74 13784
DC 05 04,
HUMAN EXPOSURE CRITERIA TO LASER ENERGY in hte past physic~al sl~ocdards have been Overly conservrativee
Doniald I Caner. William E Mabson. and James F Culler In ,ecau~se it was necessary to base aeoromedical criteria on medical
nAerspae Mo
AGARCurentStaus Fe i97t 5p Lionceots derived from experience vvith disea~ed stales in hoac~pilal
AGAR Sttse iN7Aeropac M1d
CFrrenli-shm Feb1974) patients lIncreasing experience wilh aircrew populations based
The United Stattus Air Force is adapting laser technology to upthon sodi stfdiarly diseaose adtheei!Oshnorys betwenith
many combat and combat supporj -ises Sorte 0f these uses reauremetlsilg of alloseasmoe andbthlied iriterpretauyLro
Early ;0
include distance measuring to assisrt in aiming airborne guns in diaglmnosti aOd cighca llndowsr aridl vsubnow aeirterpreatind oaf
the AC- 130 guniships. boresighting guns on lighter aircraft, arnddigotcadlncafnigsa w sno awdeansf,
target marking for accurate aerial bombing The number of dillerent prognostication Therefore it is believ ed that there is a justification
lasesal adinreaingSine
teiruse tesehig enrgyto change these standards -based upon systemnatic and scientific
monochromatic light beams can produce biological damauge sale adresevarchio tekihnge of
Becausae thewl
denilued knaueofwtedg
exposure Criteria arg needed to assist in developing safe exposure adrsac e:nQe eas fteuiu aueo h
disatnces. Protective devices, and medi at surveillance )t anteing aicrcn' erutation it is freq~uently necessary to accomr'plish
gasAuthor his resea,,..- :; i.-120 the flyerrs themnSelveS tather than to
grmsextrapolate run- qenr~r!al -iedical research Author

N73-23098 Centro di Studi v Ricerche di Medicine fAfrornautica N74 13786 Na. i.1 Aeiospaze Medical Research Lab Pensacola
STUDY
ON9SOME AIR FORCE OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES THE THOUSAND AVIATORS AGING AND THE SLOOD
AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ACCELERATICN TOLERANCE Rnhert E Mi'tchell fl, AGARD Parriophysrol Conditions
A ND IaSYCI4OMOTOA PERFOWIMANCE Corripatitle with Flv-rn, Oct 1973 3 p For availab-iity see

FeL17 10 p refs lFor availability see N73 23051 14u19'Jf-e r icse ttemmeso pIen
Climate in Italy. in summei period Presents such Characrer,, researun group ovei a 32 yeai period and the implicarons ot
1,ris thrat in Anr Force operational actirvites perioimance of AF the palt~tiriS If' contrast If) what vvaý previously thought to be
personnel i-en be affected 8-scause Of this Aseries of researches tie .a.Zenari-ety that blood p~essure levels not rise with increasing
was carried out irl this field After a brief sur.ev (rn -rarri leaturas aile tip. ialr~r survey indicate-% that thpre are many arid imports-it
of Itairan ilimate and summer climatic con liticins ir. some AF C*etiicevns Iii th.s generailit, alire 45 vears oit age Since this -s
bases, the results are roported on micio-climatic dats- recorded file period ishe-i rnost neara a,-ateor ent- the administrative
in the interior of the cockpit and insIrle motor iýehrclns cabins ptiyre of the-r ia-per. the findi g tics le-s significance that, 0
while parking in summer tdaylight period Physiological importance it cii cirre0 ar an earlier aie trot ha , yrejte' opereilone' significance
or these data, and the effects on working efficiency are discusted in thp Case ot ,Onmrmeciar itrline votls ina~rruch as these iraen
4 'r

04 BIOSCIENCES 85

caist.-.- to fly at age 60 It would appear that this lste onsert sontic insufficienicy. aionsticstncis's. and mitrfalis stenostis have
Aed blood pressure -ustifies the more liberal standards been on lyving status. saetomiad:Clly monitored up to 16 and
I.- .4smxn to flight training At the same time, personnel in 20 years The cardiac vatypidopathies raise a twofold problem
an active Rlightrstatus can be allowed to continue actrite flying thery may potentially andsnIV.ar flight safety by ~'Iadingto a sudden
ntedan teamen ano idiauthe
d n cmpocbotar r byrdacsycoleratind ftrey Fligh seagaaftyhwever fyne-artibeenl
hbs
~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~Ato
if rnoeantrtenanoinitdcaiac no cplctor fohey clignbaety
yclrtopand aggrwvved by . s neverg beenu
threatened by the"se ircrow in t"r tight of expelrience over several
N74-13787 Naval Aerospace Medicat Research L40. Pensacola. years The tolerance of flying pilots suffering from moderate sonic
Ft. insuffticieoncy seems satisfactory, in particular in fighter pilots
ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE IN AIRCREW exposed to high g-loads, Author
D A Stoop. K C Star'ton and D 0 Brovn In AGARI)
Pathoohysioll Conditiocs Compatible with Flying Oct 1973 5 p 4744.1371611 Contre Pripcipal d Expirtises Medicales du Personnel
(For availability see N74-13784 Ob-04ý Navigant. Paris (France)
The evaluation n inagaemnt. And drspolitmon of the aircrow VALUE OF CARDIAC MECHANOGRAMS IN EVALUATING
with elevated blood pressure are frequently difficult problems FLYlFN3 PERSONNEL (INTERET DES MECANOGRAMMES
Analysis of *valuations reveals an obvious reluctance on the CARDIAOUES DANIS L'EXPERTISE OU FERSONNEL
part of the physician to establish a diagnrosis ot hypertenvion NAVIGANrT1
and a tendency to avoid drug therapy in spite of acciptred R Carre. C Nogues. and B Ravrart In AGARD Pathophysiol
evidence that early treatment reduces morbidity The implications Conditions Compatible with Flying Oct 1973 le~ p refs In
and potential problems in this approach hale been discussed. FRENCH IFor availability see N74- 13784 05-04)
and currrent practices and policies regarding the arrcrew, with Cardie: rnechanogramns provide useful information in the
hypertension have been presented and defended Author medical oevaoualon of aircrew and are obtained fast and easily
by a nonir~vasive technique The cardiogram itself provides an
N74-13788 School of Aerosp.4ce Medicrie Brooks AF8. Tex estimate of the elasticity of the arterial wall, and in that way
Internal Medicine Branch gives criteria for atherosclerosis The combined use of chronocar-
RETURNIN4G AIRMEN WITH ABNORMAL EXERCISE TESTS Viographic methods (EGG. cairdrogframl provides an opportunity
AND NORMAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAMS TO FLYING of validating the contractibility of the cardiac muscle These
STATUS methods are important in the cerdiologic survey o)f ritcrew. both
Victor F Froelicher. Frank G3 Yanowitz A J Thompson. and to detect atherosclerosis and monitor art#prial hypertension
Malcolm C Lancaster In AGARD Pathophysiol Conditions Author
%.ontlipuibie -'rth Fiyrr
...
y t, 1973 7 ,r ifr (For a~a.lsbtrttý
see N74 13784 Q)504) N74-113792 Hopitel dlInstruction des Arnises. Versailles (France)
Individuals with ST segment changes during sriJ/or after Service de Mvedecine Aeronautirtue
exercise are considered to~have an increased risk of developing ASTHMA IN MILITARY FLYING PERSONNEL ILASTHIME
the manifestations of CAi? fCA)Fonar-y Artery Disease) Hlowever. DAS L6 E PF;SONNEL NAVIGANT MILITAIREI
it is also known that b~oth lhre double `Viastes rest ariJ maximal R Pannier In AGARD PathDphysrol Conditions Compatible
treadm-ill testing yield false p~sitive and negative results reactive with Flying Oct 1973 8 p refs in FRENCH (For availability
to CAD The results of coronary angiography are presented in see N74- 13784 05-04)
63 asymptc'matic aircrewmen with resting repolarizatron abnormal- Detection of broncliji asthma is based mainly on actually
ities and exercise :eying responses suggestive of coronary artery observed acute episoider. Chat is the reason why applicants for
diseaee Fifty-four par cent had angrographic coronary artery fl:ght training will be accepted unless they are subjected to an
disease. and many had high risk lesions Forty SIA per cent ha:1 acetylcholin test It is well known ir-rat patients with bronchial
no angiOg!Aphic lesions arid were recommerded itar return to asthma benefit from flying However because of its serious
flying duties The findings in this study, the lack 0f significant consequences it it occuirs in flight, broncthial astthmat is considered
complications. the concern for public safety, and the economics to jeopardize flight safety It is importarnt to realize that treatments
ofmintaining a (lying force justify [he contintued use of elective have to be adapted to the bira.:ew laý.s since some medications
corounary angrogfiaply in selected asiymptomatic aircrewman may be contraindlicated for flying aý:tivries in viaw of their
Author selconoary, effects Tnerefore. c-Dpiicants Orr fiying duties suffering
from bronchiral asthma must be rejected. ai~crew who develop
N74-13789 School of Aerospace Medicine. ;rooks AFS. Tax bronchial asthma during an established career might ba considered
Applied Physiology Blanch for a waiver on an individual basis but as a rule they will not
MYOCARDIAL AND CEREBRAL FUNCTION DURING be authorizeid for primary :ontiol of aircraft Author
EXPOSURE TO CARBON MONOXIDE
Howard H Erickson and Milton J Hernandez Perez In AGARD N74-113793 Hoptlal d Instruction des Armees. Veiseilles
PathophySiol Conditions Compatible with Flying OctI 1973 6 p Irne
refs (Far availability see Ni/4-13784 05 04) IDIOPATHIC SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX IN FLYINC
Airciew members exposed to carbon monoxide may sustain PERSONNEL ILE PNEUMOTHORAX SPONTANE 101-
an increase in coronary blood flow and a reduction in oxygen OPATHIOUE DANS LE PERSONNEL NAVIGANTI
delivery to the heart anel brain These factors may result in a Rogler Pannier InsAGARO Pathophysrol Conditions Compatible
decrement in mnans performance in ftr:itegic and tactical weap'rn with Fly ri Oct 1973 6 p In FRENCH (F'or availability see
4
systems in an enemy ciefanse environment Since many of the N74-13)'84 C,-Cr I
spetresse-- such as physical exiertion, altitude hypoxis and Rupture of subpteufri blabs is considered ihe most freqjuent
acceleration -- are cumulative. carbon monoxide may affect thecasofioptcsonneu emthrxIoahc
heart and cardiovascular lyatem of men during operational flying spontaneous pnctur -othorasi can occur in flight ins the course of
by decreasing still further the oxygen supply and reserve in the rpddcmrsin yacn oattd ohi lgtadi
hear andbran Auhoran altitude chambe, when trapped air within these blabs expands
and ruptures the thin pleural loayerLoyall hidrostallc temod`,rnsam:
N I&-1 3790 Hcrprtar d ristructron des /Armees. Versailles effect. or incidentally without any concomitant exertion or any
(France) physicai stress A )pticants for flight training reporting one episode
CARDIAC VALVUILOPATHIES AND FLIGHT TOLIERENCE cif idiopathic soirtanetous pneumothoia A must be relecled. Aircrew
ICARDIOPATHIES VALVULAIRES ET TOLERANCE AU on aclive duty and with an establisherd flying career must beI
VOLI grounded unless thil' frsve undergorie successful pulmonary
G3 Laguaty In AGAAD Palhothysiol Condri rs Compatible surgery T,,rn out of thirteen aircrew who sulftedor from idiopathic
with Flying Oct 197'/ 12 p raIs In FRENCH (For availability spontaneous pneumothorsm were kept on flying status after
eeN74-13784 05-041 successful pulmonary, Surgery The time of grounding ranged froni
Due to exceptionsil rrrcum-.Aances 8 pilots suffering from 3 to 14 months Author
 86 ~04 BIOSCIENCES '
N74-13794 Contra d Esases on Vol. Brettrgny-asrr-Orget firance) variant of the normal EEG which may *earily be mnisnterpreted
AIRCREVYS FITNESS FOR FLYING DUTIES AFTER VERTE. as a fairly serious general alteration of the EEG In order to
SAAL FRACTURES AND SPINAL SURGERY JAPTITUDE differentiate between similar EEG patterns, the characteristics of
AU VOL DU PERSONNEL NAVIGANT APRES FRACTURES this EEC-varrent arnd the apecial mode of EEG registration ware
OU RACHIS ET INTERVENTIONS CHIRURGICALES SUR discussed and appropriate EEG's demonstrated From the
ILA.COLONNIE VERTESRALE! literature. the results of family examinations including possible
Roland-Paul Oslehaye (Service do Sante pour I Armee de I Air, causes of these E iG-variants were presented Psychological
Paris). Robert Auffiret. Jacquits Mine Iffopital Begin. Saint-Mande) peculiarities in pars us showing this EEG variant were err phasized
and Pserrffe-Jean Meilges (lopital Begin. Saint-Mande) In AGAFID and c';arina for the assessment of military flying fitness and
Pathophysiol Conditions Compatible with Flying Oct 1973 7 p parirtentive measurts were proposed Cases found were analyzed
refs In FRENCH (For availability .ee N74.13784 0S6-04) and the procedures applied to variant carriers preserxtd Author
Some features of flying such as vibration and accelerations,
may sensitize the spine. election seat bail out an& or crash can N74-13798 Centre Principal d Expertises Modicalas du Peisonr 31
result in more or less deleterious spine injuries and fractures Navigant. Paris (France)
Ahtai every accident. spinal disorders, or spinal surgery airciew OPHTH4ALMOLOGICAL SUPERVISION OF DIABETIC
must be reexamined for flying fitness After fractures it is of the nLYING PERSONNEL [SURVEILLANCE OPHYALMO-
utmost importance to determinp the degree of spinal stability or LOGIOUE DU PERSONNEL NAVIGAAIT DIABETIOUE]
ins~ability. sucV as sfter spinal disorders a g ostecianthrosis or J P Chavaleraud and G Perdrrel In AGARD Pathophyrsioli
aritl~os's or suigary ilamineclomnyi or surgery for disc hernias Conditions Compatible w-th Flying Oet 1973 5 p in F~r.NCH
or spondrilolisthesis Special emphasis has been givcn to the (For availability see N74-13784 05-04)
evaluation of aircrew with repeated vertebral traumas on damaged With reference to diabetes mellitus. the ophthalmologistsa
spines and fractures aher surgenr for spinal conditions Author role can be twofold, through hit special examinations he can
detect this disorder very early and he can monitor its different
N74-137"E Institute of Avia~tion Medicine. Fuerstenleldbruck forims. its several steps of evolur on. and it.ý implications for
(West Germany) flying fitness Based on broad clinically and functionally orier.4ed
THE RISK OF MINOR SPINAL ABNORMALITIES IN knowledge and electlrophysiological experience. some interesting
AIRCREWS EVALUATION OF EJECTION CASES procosals for the evaluation of aircrews who suffer from, different
A Beck In AGARO Pathophysrof Conditions Compatible with forms of diabetes rmellitus are reported Author
Flying Oct 1973 4 p rels iFor avaifabifity see N74-13784
Ana0 mt5a-en0eet4dtrie reitigsia N74-113799 School of Aerospace Medicine. Brooks AFB. Taxr
edeto as
Ana .Itept
. een etemin preexitin spnalAerospace Medical Div
40riflormainles if) arifie4W rxi aVu
nravGx had a d0Itrcr.rTa! Olfe.- MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMA IN AN AGEING FLYING
on the traiumatic events retrosfpeitively. i e after fracture of lhe POPULATION
vartibral body had occured The collection of these findings was Thomas J Tredir,James L Momis III and James F Culver Ir
compared with cases of election seat bailouts without injuries AGARO Paltrophysiol Conditions Compatible with Flying Oct
or fractures in order to recognize morpholiogical alterations which 1973 3 p refs (For availability see N74- 13784 05 041
may po,,sibile be conducive to hiactute Author Ageing has definite and certain predictable effects on the
visual apparatus Loss of accommodation with age hampers
N74- 13796 Advisory G roup fur Aerospace Research and important visual tasks in the cockpit Disease processes that are
Oevelopment Paris IFrancal common in any population will eventually also affect the flyer
AERONAUTICAL REHABILITATION OF FLYING PER- The occuirence of narrow angle glaucoma in the flying population
SONNEL SUFFERING [:ROM ACUTE PSYCHIATPIC is so small that it is insignificant however with relative maturation
DISTURBANCES ILA REHABILITATION AEROvrJAUTIQUE of a flying force a 2 to 3 percent figure does become significant
~)SMMRE UPRONE AI~fTAATGlaucoma strikes a flyer after a great deal of time and money
PRESENTE DES TROUBLES PSYCHIATRIQUES A;GUSI have been expended in his training and when his experience
Rt Geily and J C Hadni In as PathophySiol Conditions Compatio'e could be utilized to the maximum Medical grounding of a
wills Flying Oct 1973 9 p In FRENCH (For availability see significant number of experienced flyer's can bq considered a
*N74-13784 05 041 loss Many flyers with increased ointraocular pressure have been
Acute psychiatric symptoms combined with behavioral retained on flying status tby a rationale of diagnosis and
anomalies are normally detomedizdi reasons for reler-tion both treatment The visual effects of drugs utilized in the treatment
from flyiny and from regular military service Based on, an extensive of glaucoma have been evaluated Presently only intraocular
ca"e report survty. it can be demonstr ried fairly clearly that tension lowering drugs 'hat do not effect visual function are
such decisrons are not always !ustified Each case niust be Leing used Author
considered from in individual viewpoint since iii many tases
psychiatric symptoms Ind behavioral anomalies cannot be
diapriosad w~th absolute certainty in paitciclai s-ome obviously N7.1.13800 Centre Principal d Exprertises Medical as du Personnel
crises m,,rely reflect individual difficulties in the iZouri-;e Naviqant. Paris IFrancel
serius
of adaptation Any decision must therefore be base(. on a diagnosis CUR1ENT ASPECTS OF CO)CHLEAR FUNCTION APPLIED
of t .- personality structure and pi-rsonality tests must be TO~fLYING PERSONNEL JASPECT ACTUEL DE LA
considered a major soement o~f psychopathological diagnosis FONdCYION COCHLEAIRE CHEZ LE PERSONNEL NAVI.
Peychotherapy can bring to a saitsfactory solution some GANlTI
psychiatric syndromes which have been in the past considerel P Blanc Ind J Bastien IOCSSA Parisi In AGARO Pa~hophysiof
irreversible However pSyclyotherapy in order to I-e successful Conditions Compatible with Flying Oct 1973 3 p In FRENCH
mustI be asicrociated with concurrent actioins both in the professional iFor eva-laLbility see N74 13784 05 041
enironmeint and in further flyving training. etc Under these This 9 irears survey is based upon 6024 audiograrns of
conditions the rehabilitat ion for flying duties of aircrew who had flying persotrrai wrh have been rated for at least two years
acute psychiatric troubles, possible Author The results or this investigation can be summarized as follows
N74-13797 .ntitiwie of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstenfe dbruck passenger who has had stapedectorny for otoscleincis may travel
(West Garin ýyl bi, airsr~rthout tinyrisk (21 occupational deafness was not found
IMPORTANCE Of THE 4 5 c eec RHYTHM IN THE EEG in fly~ng person-rel under investrgation. 13) hearing discrimination
TO DETERMINE MILITARY FLYING FITNESS defic-is were fl)und in some individuals since the aviation
H Qberhofz In AGARO Pathophybiol Conditions Compatible operational envi onment slresst s aircrew by its considerxble noise
with Flying Ocr 1973 3 D refs lFrii $avriabifity site N74. t3784 levels and (4)1t2 airciaw wiart intaCt ear drums were found to
05-041 be suffering frori moderate conduction deafness and oresenlrnrJ
The 4 5 cisec rhythm is probably a genetically determined the clessic otosc erotic syndrome Two of them underwent cochlear
04 BIOSCIENCES 87

surgery and have flown to date 1 000 flying hrs each The experienced by a group of non-flying officers A corollary inference
sudtometnc results produced by surgery remained excellent is that the prognostic sigifica-nce of a given serum lipid level is
Author the same whether observed in a flying or a non-flying officer
Author

N74-13804 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

N74-13)O1 Institute of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstenfefdbruck Development. Paris (France)
[West Germany) THE PROBLEM OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN AVIATION
PURE TONE HEARING LOSSES IN PILOTS OF VARIOUS MEDICINE
AIRCRAFT. AGE AND FLYING TIME AND ITS SIONI•l• Gerhird Renftle in its Pathophysrol. Conditions rompoltible with
VA#,NCE FOR INFUONT SPEECH COMMUNICATION Flying Oct 1973 7 p refs IFor availability see N74-13784
G H Froehlich In AGARD Pethophyaiol Conditions Compatible 05-04)
with Flying Oct 1973 4 p tFor availability see N74-13784 Problems in aviation medicine which diabetes mellitus raise
S0.-041 regulations- waivei ".. diet. and hypoglycemic agents. are discussed
The punch cards o0 2000 pilots investigated in 1971 have While the incidence rate is relatively low in student pilots, a
been separated into 4 groups of flying time resectively age. higher number of cases is found during follow-up examinations
subdivided into pilots of let aircraft piston angined aircraft and among experienced senior or Command Pilots Onset at age 20
helicopters High tone heanng losses were increasing with age to 40 may have the course of either luvenile or adult type
and flying time and in helicopter pilots more rapidly than i Annual evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism with a standard
pilots of the other types of aircraft A number of pilot s speech glucose tolerance test should be mandatory for every military or
audiograms have been investigated The intelligibility scores of commercial pilot, and every private pilot after age 40 As
hearing losse'. above 3000 Hz were excellent and there are no sulfonylureas may cause hypoglycomia. any antidrabetic therapy
problems with inflight speech communications Hearing losses should not be considered compatible with flying duties Individuals
above 2000 Hz resulted in intelligibrlity scores of 72% at low with decreased carbohydrate metabolism tend to hypoglycemic
and 85% e. medium speech levels Less than 10% -f ths pilots reactions especially in hazardous situations or fasting periods
above 45 years of age had hearing losses above 1500 Hz At W;/aivers should be granted only for diabetic pilots whose
medium speech levels they obtained only a score of 70%. 100% carbohydrate metabolism is fully controlled with diet. confirmed
are frequently not reached even with high speech levels Together by daily testing of urine and frequent ;ostprandral blood sugar
with the masking effect of inflight cabin noise, voice communica. examinations A case report illustrates the fluctuating and
tion might be endangered. especially if the attenuation characteris- reversible course of an incipient diabetel and its effective
tics of headsets and flying helmets are poor In these cases, management in a highly motivated and cooperative senior pi!ot
the use of properly itting headgar is especially important to Author
insure a favorable no'se to spýeech "a!ro AuicOr
N74-13806 School of Aerospace Medicine. Brooks AFa. Tax
N74-13802 Hopital dlnstruc•,on des ArmeeF. Versailles THE REPEATABILITY OF AN ABNORMAL 2-HOUR
IFrancel GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
PROTEINURIAS IN FLYING PERSONNEL (PROTEINURIES J F Traba;. R G Troxler. and M C Lancaster In AGk.ID
ET PERSONNEL NAVIGANT1 Pathophysiol Conditions Compatible with Flying Oct 1973 a p
G Leguay In AGARD Pathophysiol Conditions Compatible refs (For availability see N74-13784 05-04)
with Flying Oct 1973 12 p In FRENCH (For availability see The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus not only implies a chronic
N74-13784 05-04) abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism and an increiipd risk
Proternurras have hien found much more frequently among of premature vascular disease, but in the flyer. this diagnosis
0%
air transpplk aircrew than in fighter pilots More than 5i of all implies an increased risk to flying safety by reason of physical
cases have been observed n aircrew between 20 and 25 years performance degradation The glucose tolerance test (GTT) is
of age which is obviously caused by the age dependant the accepted standard for the diagnosis of nonmanitest dijbetes
incidence of the orthostutic proternura Chronic protei..uras are A study of the repeatability of the 2-hour GTT was carried out
in most instances caused by chronic glormeruiopalhies If this in 162 flyers who had an initial GTT and a repeat GTl from
condition is clinically stabilized. it may be considered competiible 6 - 24 months later Of those initial tests considered abnormal
with flying Oeaeance *mrepament. howe'r.;r.neces;tatin a 55 to 60% revered to normse on the repeat test The repoetabqlIty
special diet. and the existence of a marked hypenenson as of the GTT varied with the criteria used and with the number
well as the incompatibility will vaccinations indicates grounding of points on the GTT curve that was considered The effects of
of these alicrew To verif•y the interaction of proteinurias and stress on glucose metabolism and the results of the modification
flying. several individuals were exposed to acceleration forces of the criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes are discussed The
on the human centrifuge No significant changes of pioteinuria results of this study illustrate the importance of basic definitons
were obsearved during or after the centrifuge rides However of diagnostic criteria for diseases which have a long term effect
barometric stresskes which occur when flying at different a1ttitudes on the health of the flying population Author
may be c-nskdered dangerous since these barometric pressure
differences can exacerbate infectious lesions in ENT areas N74-13606 Institute of Aviation Medicine. Fueistenfeldbruck
Author IWest Germany)
GERMAN AIR FORCE EXPERIENCES WITH CERTAIN
N74-13803 School of Aerospace Medicine. Brooks AFB. Tal CRITERIA FOR GRANTING A WAIVER
THE OCCURRENCE Or HYPERLIPIDEMIA fa FLYING A.ND G'Jenther Schirrmann In AGARD Pathophysinl Conditions
NONFLYING SUBJECTS OF THF USAFSAM CAR- Compatible with Flying Oct 1973 4 p refs (For availability

DIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY see N74.13784 05-ri4?

"DoleA aark. Kenneth A Narahara. and Margaret " Allen in During ") peri, of 13 yeer• there were 20.699 periodic
AGARD Pothophysiol Conditions Compatible wi.n Ftying Oct physical exar nations of aircrew with 602 granted waivers These
1973 6 p raef IFor availability see N74.13784 05-.4) medical wavers werea rimarily granted in the disciplines of
The subjects of a cardiovascular disease study were separated oohthilrnology and internal medicine and seem to be iuwtf~ied
into flying and non-flying groups. and the occurrence of even after a critical review Prerrquisite to this procedure is not
elevated lipid levels in these groups was tabulated The question only a profound medical knowledge and know-how, but also
of interest was whether the stresses of flight elevate serum comprehensive fligl. surgeons experience A :orrelation of 3
cholesterol and predisoose pilots to the development of ethero- accidents/incidents caused by pilots with and without waivers
sclerotic heeo1 disease None of the percentages obtained in indicates practically identical findings while tfie aircraft accident
this investigation differ significantly between th,1 two groups rate was 3 76% for pilots flying without a waiver. it was 3.45%
These data therefore indicate that the stresses associated with for pilots flying with a waiver and is therefore identical An
flying have no more effect on serum lipids than do the stresses analysis of aircraft accidents involving the waiver group revealed

-o
a8 0-4 BIOSCIENCES

no vindence indicating that waivers areoa tniggerinlg of conltribuinmg therapy (or of any other therapeutic method) in the treatment
factfor in accidents The procedure saemento be sufficienlt to of flying phobias is difficult due to lack of information Nevertheless
eliminate all flying safety nasM Author there to evidon:e to auggest that for selected cases behaviour
therapy may be an effective treatment with a high percentage
returned to full flying Selection should be restricted to cases in
N74-18779# Advisory Group for Aerospace Reaearch and whom anxiety is limited to a part of the total flying environment
Deovelopme~nit. Pari* (Franca). (focal enxiety) A mixed technique is suggested in which emotional
CUNICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY OF THlE control is relgained through non- reinforcement Author
ASEROSPAC.' OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
P. J OConnor, ead (Roy. Air Force Central Med Est) Deic. N1174-118754 Royal Air Force Central Medical Establishment.
1973 68 p rlef Presented at AGARO Arerospaces Med Peanl London ([England)
Specialists Meeting. Soiesterberg. Netherlands, 6 Sep 1973 DEPRESSION IN AIRCREW
(AGARO.CP-133) Avail NTIS HC Sa.50 P J. OConnor. A W Black, and J W Rollins In AGARD
Stressas inherent in the military airciew role are sum- Oin Psychol and Psychiat of the Aerospace Operational Environ
martied Summary data cover life stresses, relationship of domestic Dec 1973 2 p (For availa'.ility see N74-16779 10-04)
stress to operational efficief.:y. and motivation Data are also Treatment and disposal of depressive illness in air crows
givsa on structural anomalies of the brain and its effects on are analyzed Common etiological factors of the illness areo
"fyn and phobic flight reaction Several methods of treating listed Author
psychiatric illness are included For individual titles. see N74-
18780 through N74-18791.
N74-18786 Centre Medical de Psychologie Clinique de l'Arrnse
N74-18780 Girustard Mental Hospital. Oslo (Norwayl EEG (is lAir. Paris (France)
Research Inst. CLINICAL STUDY OF LOSS OF AERONAUTICAL MOTIVA-
MENTAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL TION (ETUDE CUINIOUE DES PERTES DE MOTIVATION
REQUIREMENTS IN MANNED FLOIGTS AERIONAUTICUEI
C W Sam-Jacobsen In AGARD Clin Psycho) and Psychiat R Gaily In AGARD Clin Psychot and Psychiat of the Aerospace
of the Aerospace Operational Environ Dec 1973 6 p refs Operational Environ Dsc 1973 4 p In FRENCH (For availability
(For availability see N74. 18779 10-04) see N74-18779 10-041
A study was made of the training and maintenance of today's Facto,. accountable for the loss of motivation or interest in
pilot with respect to his physiological and mental environrenet flying by military crew trainees ore examined Some of the
Special attlention was Placed on a complete monitoring of pilots motivation loss was attributed to social and flight stress.
under operational cOndt.-,nrs to map out his tolerance anti expectations of trainee not meot during training period, and
requi.ri-4ents for full efficiency I: H vv psholcg:z3! 3nd psycihiatrtc apit-uile of trainee is exceeded by
training Trans] bv E.H.W
N74- 167811 Institute of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstentelcibruck
(West Germany)
FEAR OF FLYING AND ITS TREATMENT N74-18786 Institute of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstenfeldbruck
K Gorben and H Oberholz In AGARO Oln Psyche I and (West Germany)
Psychiiat of the Aerospace Opeait~onal in.,.on Dec 1973 6 p PARTIAL CEREBRAL HYPOXIC ATTACKS IN PILOTS AS
refs (For availability see N74-10779 10404) CAUSE OF HYPOXIA INCIDENTS
A clinical effort was mnade to treat &no return to flying H Oberriolz fIn AGARD Clin Psycho) and Psycrliit of the
status, pilots in whom psychic. perlfomance. ar.d behavioral Aerospace Operational Environ Dec 1973 4 p refs (For
irregularities were cited Particular attention was given to pi'oti ava~m.(rltv see N74-18779 10-04)
with fear of flying Treatment was based cen quasi -therspout-c Sv~re~iiiiip methods for detecting and avoiding as well as
interviews, conflict centered counseling. physo'.e' exercice&tierapy. dk-terrniininj the cbuses of cerebral hypcxic attacks -n pilots during
and individually directed flying rehabilitation orograms E 14W fryrno miss~o-s iar introC-aced Special attention was given to
Anomsleos and variants of brain arteries, especially the Circls of
Willis as the Possible source of the attacks Two case histlories
M74-10762 Royal A.' Force Centart Medical Establishment, along with symptoms of the attacks are outlined It was concluded
London lEnglandl from the data that the Circle of Wiltis in compinsrion with hypoxia
RESULTS OF BEHAVIOUR THERAPY IN FLYING PH4OBIA low G forces, mental stress, extreme heat and any kin~d of
P J. OConrior. J A Lister. and J W Rollins fIn AGARD Clin exhaustive or vestibular stimuli cause cerebral attacks E H W.
Psycholl and Psychiat of the Aeiospace Operational Environ
Dec 1973 3 p 'For availability see N74-18779 10-04)
The tveatment of military crews and pilots for flying phobia N74-18787 School of Aerospace Medicine. Br'ioks AF8. Teax
by behavior therapy is discussed Treatment was divided into Nouropsychiatry Branch
thre svencass
"i" I seies1
wre reaed nlymenCHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE STRESS IN A POPULATION
thre serieshinhl serivaes toewnards weitre trengated ponlysense OF MILITARY AVIATORS
higlymoiv
wh obsPesnlt were twrSmiixtarefyng
ted aondeutvcases Carlos i G Perry and John W Gaines fIn ACARD "',n Psychol
wor troeutepeinalt
S 2aris oseletdSixtee consmaecutiversones and Psychiat of the Aerospace Operational Env.;'; Oeic 1973
wigoere
trate haing Series 2 seleto waxmade all prersoenne
pNobi 2 p 'For availability se- N74- 18779 10-041
iAgnoed
eas havingi
h resltn hbit wer.roied
anto fra tratentofstin A description is givcri of a military aviator population withI
"Acr the reigltsi
caevalu rati d wasesecidldmto revertetotecatin respect to the occurence of life stress events in its indr-idual
they had good prognosis for recovery It was concluded that deliberatelyavoidedtoemphainvenatbroad. rangcekof streedmore
thilrt is a better Chance of improving a pilot with flying phobiadeiralyvoedtemhszabod ig ffedmfr
to tha point where tira can fly training type aarcrah than for the interviewer During the course of such an interview life stress
gettiN. him wall enough to return 10 high performance aircraft evenl%; were discovered that are missed by qjestnonnsiras This
Author was especially true of anniversary stress which wait ievealed
only through persistent, patient questioning A total of 320 life
stress events weie found luring the study -Job strais was most
N74-19743 Floyal Air Force. Fainborough (England) frequently represented with personal health, marital, and parental
AMSSESMENT OF BEHAVIOUR THERAPY IN. THE TREAT- relationships following i- ýorder of lrequericy Author
MENT OF FLYING PHOBIAS
A 8 Goorn-ny in AGARD Clin Paychol an~i Psyctast of the
Aefosepaw Operational Envnron Doc 1973 7 p rafs (Ffor N74- 18788 Centre de Mederirne Aeronaulique. Brussels

Avaiabiliryate assssen of7 t0he4effectiveness of behaviour SELECIONu OF STUDENT PILOT CANDIDATES OF THE
04 6I0Srl"ENCES 89

BELGIAN AIR FORCE &Y PSYCHOMOTOR TESTS INL~EC- noise arnd vibration. cabin pressurization and rapid decompression.
TION DES CAOIDATS ELIEVES-PILOTES DE LA FORCE vision. and survival. Several other (slated topics were also
AERIINNE SELGE PAR DEG TESTS PSYCHO-MOTEURSI summarized. Transl. by E.N W
J Clement and J. Pardsons In AGARD ain Psythol. and
Psychist of the Aerospace Operatisonal Environ Dec 1973
11 p rets In FRENCH (For availability see N74-t8779 10-04)
The predictive value of psychometric tests in investigating a
sample of 413 student pilots and determining their fitness as
future pilota is reported. The tests are used in conjunction with
a linear method to select candidate student pilats. Results of
the tests are given in tables arid graphs Trans] by E N Y'

N74-1S702 Centre de Medecine Aeronautigue. Brussels

(Belgium).
PERSONALITY TRAITS AND FUIGHT APTITUDE (TRAITS
DE PERSONNAUITE ET APTITUDE AU VOL)
VanM~sssarhove and Flion In AGARD Orin Psycholl and Psychiat.
of the Aeirospce Operational Envirori Doec 1973 8 p in
FRENCH (For availability aee N74-18779 11004)
Siondi's psychological testing method was used to determine
the fitness and flight aptitude of student pilots In particular an
attempt was made to determine personality traits and correlate
ttwein with flight aptitude Seventy nine student pilot$ were tested
using two groups designated as Group A and Group S. Group
A students were just entering training and Group 1S students
were ending their training A comparison was maed of the two
Groups response to diffatent flight environments Detailed results
are given in graphs Transl by E.H.W.

N7f. '1879C lialian Air Force Aerospace Medical Center.

Rtome
IN-FLIGHT PSYCHIC LOAD IN STUDENT-PILOTS. EVALU-
ATED BY MEANS OF VANIL MANDELIC ACID (VMA)
CHANGES IN URINARY EXCRETION
G Psoluz-ci and G Blundo In AGARD ami. Psychol. and
Psychiat. of the Aerospace Operational Environ Dec 1973 2 p
raft (For aveilab~lity sae N74-18779 10-04)
Sixty four Pir cadets were tested for in-flight psychic load
and anxiety crises by vanil mandelic acid Content in the urine
The tests were made in an effort to determine possible preexcriltirig
stress and the measurement of its degree It was suggested
that VMA content is proportional to the amount of stress, and
that this method should be included in tests for selecting pilots
Author

N74-18791 Royal Netherlands Air Force the Hague

INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL-,RELATIONAL FACTORS ON
OPERATIONAL FLYING CAPACITY: A SYSTEM-ORIENTED
APPROACH
H Markus and J J Vandeifirass hi AGARD Cmi Psychol
and Psychiat of the Aerospace Operational Environ. Dec 1973
5 p refs (For availability see N74-18779 10-04)
The effectiveness of the psycho-r.ocmal approach to treating
military p~lots with psychological pioblems or symptoms of such
of the psycho-social model, a description is given of how the
model is made applicable in psychiatric practice Three case
histories are presented to illustrate the use of the mnodell
Author

N?4-22727N Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris (France)
MANUAL OF AERONAUTICAL MEDICINE AND APPLICA-
TION TO NAVIGATION P'ERSONNEL (MANUEL OE
MEDECINE AERONAUITIQUE A L'USAGE Di) PERSONNEL
NAVIGANTI
T G Dobie (RAF) Dec 1972 280 p In, FRENCH
(AGARDograph 154(FR). AGARO-AG 154(FR)) Avail N7ISz
H-CS1700
Diverse aerospace medical data are summAii26d Summaries
cover mental and physical health, respiration and circulation.
hypoxia prelvention, pressure reduction effects, and effects ofv
extreme heat on the body Data are also given on air sicknd~ss.
 06 BIOTECHNOLOGY Preceding page blank 91

fitnels -- and which aeeocte of it -- should We important to an

05 BIOTE-CH NOLOGY aircrew. Excess weight may require premature replacement of an
with beingo
ndividual blcause of the decreased longevity associated
" niluds
ersalems.
Incluclothine supaod
upprt ngi~nr.
ystmslfe huan
human
piptl
andnnevOaaton- overweight, but should not hinder flight performance as long asenthe
true clotlhng and equip)ment, crewy traimnin end evaluation niiulbcueo tedcesdlne'y.soitdWt
and piloting. For related informatiton "e also: 04 Soci~- man fits into his workspace, and agility and reach are unimpaired
The energy cost of flying only averages 125 kcel/hr and even an
average 65 yeer old in fair condition has a maximum work capacity
at least 3 times that Finally. the muscular forces required to fly
modern aircraft are minimized by electro-mechanical control
systems. Author
N71-22301#1 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Doverloprlent. ParisI(Fronce). N71-22305# Canadian Armed Forces Inst of Environmental
PHYSICAL FITNESS IN FLYING INCLUDING THE AGING Medicine. Toronto (Ontario)
AND AGED AIRCREW PHYSICAL FITNESS AS PART OF AIRCREW TRAINING
H. W Kirchhoff. e6 Mar 1971 173 p refs Presented at the C. L Allen In AGARD Phys. Fitness in Flying Including the Aging
Specialist Meetings of the Aerospace Med. Panel of AGARD. and AgedAircrew Mar. 1971 9 p (See N71-22301 11-05)
Garmasch Partonkifchen. Weat Germany. 21 - 22 Sep 1970 Avail NTIS
iAGARD-.CP-81-71) Avail NTIS Physical fitness development of airciew candidates in the
Physical fitness and pilot performance in connection with Canadian Forces is an integral pirt of their training Schedules
physiological training are consideied A variety of the symptoms have been estahlished rnd promulgated for all levels of training from
of the aging process are described and their effects oix the newly enrolled cadets to the advanced flying school stages While
performance of flying personifel are considered. For individual titles all of the standard elements of physical conditioning. such as
sea N? 1-22302 through N71 -22321. calisthenics, resistance training and sports activities are included, the
emphases is on cardio-resprrtstoy development Regu~ar assessments
N71-22"02# Ciemenshospital. Muenster (West Germany) of candidates are carried out. using the 12-minute distance as the
PHYRICALFITNESS AND FLYIN3 vehicle for testing All personnel are expected to maintain a good
Alfred Koch In AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying including the category. i e at least 1 50 miles in 12 minutes for ages under 30
Aging and Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 16 p refs (See N71-22301 years with a suitable reduction for older candidates Author
11-05)
Avail NTIS N71-22306# Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer
1.e term fitress is dcscrifbed and de!!ned al. a sate which Lull- unld Rau:r.fa.i, - d Code;berg VWos. Germany t•n-si'.ut fuec
characterizes the digrec to which the human organism is able to Flugmedizin
function. Measurements of physical fitness aptitude and of the PHYSICAL TRAINING STATUS IN RELATION TO STREOS
factors that impair or Improve fitness are discussed in relation to TOLERANCES
flying aeircrews. G G H M Wegmarn and K E Klein in AGARD Phys Fitness M -r
Flying Including the Aging asd Aged Airciew Mar 1971 11 p

N71-22303# Institute of Aviation Medicine. Fueratenfeldbruck refs (See N71-22301 11-05)

(West Germanyl Avail NTIS
METHODSOF MEASURING PHYSICAL FITNESS The Influence of physical fitness on stress tolerance was
H. W. Kirchhoff in AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying Including the studied by comparing two different groups of subjects. one group
Aging and Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 5 p ,See N71-22301 ,ncludinl 11 highly trained athletes and the other group consisting
11-06) of 11 untrained and unadapted students Both groups were
Avail NTIS uniformly subjected to hyoxia. ecceoration. exercise. and orthostatic
Single stage. non-steady stale, submaximal exerc-se procedures stress, applying manximal loads for evaluating tolerances and
rare commonly used in rdiagnostic and functional testing The submaxinr-a, loads for studying cardiovascular and hormonal stress
principal modes Of nvp•sig t•e workload are ;.ep cl:rr.b:ng. b:c'c!e responses In summarizing the results the following conclusions

ergometer riding and treadmill walking These les's are generally were Obtained A bailer physical fitn•ss does not imply higher
available and safe Despite many real and hypothetical deflciancies. tolerances to stressors other than exercise There is no indication
they may yield, when -standardized. qualitative an, quantitative which supports the idea of an improvement of human tolerance
information of considerable value to inoividual clinical evaluations to environmental extremes by physical eeerzise training Author
and to group comparisons Steady state submaximal exercise tests
determine a grea. numbo, of values (V sub 02 V sub C02. RQ N71-22307# German Air Force. Porz-Wahn iWest Germany)
V sub E. specific ventilation. oxygen pulse. pulse rate. blood PHYSICAL CONDITIONING TRAINING AND FITNESS TEST
pressure and the ECG) Vita maxima tests are utihzed to determine OF GERMAN AIR FORCE AIRCREWS
the maximurn values of oxygen consumption and the physical iN Hilt In AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying Including the Aging
working capacilter Author andAgedAircrew Mar 1971 7 p ref iSee N71-22301 11-051
Avail NTIS
N'I1-22304# Army Research Inst of Environmental Medicine. Physical conditioning trainig and fitness rests fot Girman
Naltick. Mass Military Ergonomics Lab Air Forite flying crews are considered as an alternative to the
PHYSICAL FITNESS. FLIGHT REQUIREMENTS AND AGE United States of America's Aerobics Physical Fitness Program fite
Ralph F Goldman /n AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying Including purpose of both programs Is to improve the physical conditions of
the Aging and Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 9 p refas (See aircrew members until the levels of optimum fitness ere attained
N 1.22301 1 1 05) and thereafter to maintain these high levels for as long as possible
AveaI NTIS There are, however. ess8,,ttbl dleisi thi e ,.O of the
Muscular strength cerdio-respiratory capacity and relative two methods Author
body weight are frequently used criteria of physical fitness These
different aspects of fitness all alter predictably with age and can P171-22308# Army Personnel Research cstablishment. Elylleet
be altered by training Considering the physical work involved in iEnglond)

flight, it seems appropriate to consider to what degree physical EXERCISE TOLERANCE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL

It

"""~~ ~ ~ ~ o .. .. • "
 (4
92 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

M F Haisman In AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying Including the N71-22311a Canadian Armed Forces Inst Environmental
Aging and Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 6 p rels iSee N71-2230: Medicine Toronto iOntario)
11-05) AEROBIC CAPACITY SURVEY CANADIAN FORCES
Avail NTIS PERSONNEL
The exercise tolerance ol British Army personnel ha, been C L Allen In AGARD Phys Fitness it. Flying Including the Aging
investigated by means of estimates of maximal oxygern intake 1Vo2 and Aged Aicrew Mar 1971 4 p refs iSee N7 1.22301 1i1 0St
max I and the Harvard step test Vo2 max was estimated from Avail NTIS
heart rates, recorded during performance of s:s sdaidized exercises The maximum oxygen intake of a representat. sample
on stepping stools or bicycle ergometers About 650 men have of 1004 Canadian Forces personnel has been c .-.uned the daily
been included in the study The results have indicated that estimated activity patterns as well as heights. weights skinfold ttihcknessex
V 6(? max proviled an index of fitness suitable for application to and smokilng histories were also recorded Tne values for aerobic
large g'oups of men, in that it was reproducible, and sensitive in jvret are similar to those reported for other N American groups
resp-ct of separating groups ct trained and untrained men and in in the some age range The levels of daily activities and smoking
detecting the improvements in fitness associated with intensive histories have neasurable effects on the endurance fitness of these
physical training The Harvard step test results were of bicadly personnel Author
similar pattern to the Vo2 max results but reprociucibrlrty was
poorer Men witn a high body fat content showed a marked
tendency to hate a low Vo2 max Authcr d71-22312e Eriangen-Nuremberg Univ twest Germany)
FUNDAMENTAL SUBJECTS OF GERONTOLOGY AND
PARTICULARITIES Or GERIATRICS
R Schubert in AGARD PhVs Fitness in Flying Including the
N71-22309a Strasbourg Univ ifrancel Inst Derrtarr.r Aging and Aged Aicrew Mar 1971 4 p See N? 1.22302 1 1-05i
AERONAUTICAL FACTORS AND TOOTHACHE Avail NTIS
INCIDENCES DURING FLIGHT IFACTEURS The biological aspects of senescence are considered For
AERONAUTIQUES ET INOIVIDUELS DES DOULEURS the purpose of performing systematic, work in this field it is
DENTAIRESEN VOL! necessary to differentiate and clear:y define the various forms of
R Frank J M Pebruge. and A M Ffrster in AGARD Phys calendar based or chronOlog.ical senescence Besides this form of
Fitness in Flying Including the Ag:ng and AgeJ Airciew Mar 1971 senescence governed by the unbiased lime factor. there is also the
8 p refs In FRENCH EiIGLISH summary Prepared jointly with most impoarant form of blologi, 3i senescence. including the two
Centre d enseignement et de Rech de Med Aeron (See sub-forms of physiological and psychological aging The
N7 1-22301 I1 05) psychological chronograph records the personal time of an individual
Avail NTIS the decisive factor being the experiences the individual has lived
A recent investigation made on 230 conventional and let ar-c-aft through during tnat period Phisrologrcal senescence is determined
i- ,;, ;') ic,; i A F
r, . r puv,ur.u
ii, is d iuipiieiusive by the development. growing and aging of morphae and the
picture of the incidence of toothache in Ilight and of is favoring functions of organs The most rigor'us criteria are imposed by
factors Over a year of observations it was found that 6 52% of calendar time which rets absolutel 1 unbiological upper and lower age
the investigates pilots suffered from toothaches in flight Pains limits The problem of flexinle age himits is once more beconring
developed according to a rather characterisic process during the most important Author
various phases of flight IIl chrcnrc pulpits induces short lived
progressively appearing throbbing type pains which appear mostly
during climbs. (2) wisdom teeth and perrapical reactions on N71-22313e institute of Aviation Medicine Fuerstenteldbruck
mortilied teeth or improperly stoppec radicular canals rather induce (West Geirnay)
pans during descents arid 13, periapical giarahrnrmas become PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND AGING
painful in cruise flights without airy marked speed variatlions the H W Kirchhnff In AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying Itcluding the
:n~uch~on of Such neutalgias is related amono. othnr .. sons To The Aging and Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 5 p iSee N71-22301
vibrations experienced by the pilot Author 1 1-05)

Avail NTIS
There appears to be ac;ceptable evidence that exercise does
NT1-22310s, Iris-irv- Qt Av~y-iai- Mgc-eC--i
.-N 1 . ._ . affect orocnemicar and prysrurogica, pararreters ieiateu to .scrier-rc
tWest Germaryl hearl disease and to the myocardium itselt It is remarkable that
COMBINED ENVIRONMEN (AL. EMOTIONAL. AND a physicai fitness program of the Gertiran institute of Aviation
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY THERAPY A MODERN PREVENTIVE Medicine had an extraordinarily good effect on blood pressure ECG
AND RECONCITIONING PROGRAM and other parameters Since this program was begun increases in
J 0 Meyer-Erkelenz In AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying Including blood pressure have been cons:derably lpss frequent There occ.urred
tire Aging and Aged Aiicrew Mar 1971 14 I) refs iSee a lowering of the heart rate at rest and ditinq exercise -n
N71 2230i 11 06) improvement of crthostatic tolerance normalosatroir of exercise
Avail NTIS induced hypoxiic eiectrocardioigrah;c charges at low oxygen pressure
Physical exercis+e trai nlnOl o;utulirn I vislit cu.itrnnieitial and an increase no ox'i ir uptakrae respirator-r volume and oxygen
rmntiOnai arid trerrain• KrirJi fcis i• ,s ,ii ohi)tnnr.al ther.ary ,i pulse drh-rng physical effort These data corroborate trhe concept cif
l)reventinq anir- econdltho iiurg t inritierit uf iiviillahnr. a;r a preventive and rehabilitative value- i-i rtivslca arid
liypoklnetic diseases because a predloinrnantly rreuto vertetative env;ronmental emotonal coi:itroning trogiams The trainig prognem
t
alteraion in the thole body takes place The iesullts on heat1 provides obrective euirlerire for a clearly favotatle influence o
respiration muscles vascular metabolic trorrir)i•r i CNS arl other conditioning periods rn c airfo vascular fuictour, of The agin rlalc
organic systems are detailed The physial fbtn-.s ot Geirrian AIr Author
Force pilots is maintained or increased by (1i exerc-se tra-u-ci
designed for indildual perfnormance and 121 the achs. fire treatment
with rnhltim•li rtlrir" l t hera3 -,.ih 1ninnnmi . ..
hydrotherapy skir tNrush massage etc Tire qr-,,nast, xexuses ace N71-22314# Navar Aemn)spa.ce Meti-, I f.it Pensacola FIr
drescrilbed and illustrated Posit.he sIrilfess Ii noru-rtrater ieu Navel Aerospace Medical Research Lati
nueosurable facts ard stress test-, oDotrdo itintirIg ai afl.:, tre 4 THE THOUSAND AVIATORS A THIRTY YEAR FOLLOW
weeks of cure Aulhor UP
05 BIOTECHNOLOGY 93

R E Mitchell. A Graybiel. A Oberman iAla Univ ). and W R Tfre influence of early, mild CdfdiOVBSCula' disease upon
Ha rlan (Ala Univ ) Ini AGARD Phys Fitness in Flying Irncludling maximal exercise performance in544 flyers, ages 40 49 years was
Aicregin Ma
the an Agd191 5 'Se N1 2301considered There were ?CIO normal subjects 64 subjects with
the
Aicie
gin anMa Agd
191 5 'Se N1 2301non-specific tr-polarizatron Changes on the electrocardiogram 114
11-51subjects with hypertension and 66 subjects with coronaray ileart
Avail NTIS diseases The NSTWC and hypertecSive groups had sigr~irfrantly
The thousand aviator project is a longitudinal study with
the ondefningnewphyicalstadars
mphsisprimril ~higher body fats than normals There were no significant differences
aviators and secondarily on an epidemiological study of aging Tne btentedsaegop n iraswt epc ob-
.;ugar and serum lipids Both the hypertensive and CHID groups had
present repori is limited to a discussion of the electrocardiographicsgnfatltoemxm& xyncnumin rittltedil
and blood pressure findings Longitudin~I Changes in the resting timesftcantl nora(mal Ssolice blondpesurestions allddiseasetroupsil
eletroariogam
shownl thatli those
havn decreaseoup pndividual iit al
slocrocrdiorars
sowntha thoe hve idmicual wih a ecrasewere signifi:antly higher at rest than in normals Systol~c blood
in GAS amplitude and a leftward mrr~ement of the GAS vector pa-i nrae sepce nnrasadaprle rces
apper todevlop
t hae atenencoroaryartry isese omewas seen in the disease groups Diastolic blood p'essure was
of the men in the group have showvn a consistent rise in blcod
pressure apparently related to weight gain and parental longevity unchanged at maximal exercise in normals, white all disease groups
wire significantly higher Blood pressure leivels i:%the hypertensive
Oithýwise there are no means by which the blood pressure pattern
of an aging individual can be predicted Author group were significantly higher at rest than the otht r disease
groups and remained proportionatel. higher with exercise Author

N71-22316* Canadian Armed Forces Inst of Environr-et.al N71-223180 Centre Principal d Expertises Medicates. du Personnel
Medicine. Toronto ijintarrori Narrigant Paris (France)
MORBIDITY OF AIACREW IN THE CAN-ADIAN FORCES IN TRACING OF ARTSRIOSCLEROSIS DURING EVALUATION
RELATION TO AGE OF FLYING PERSONNEL I _7EPISTAGE DE
W J C Stever'son. In AGARD Ph~s Fitness in Flying Including LATHE ROSCLE ROSE DANIS L'EXPERTISE OU PERSONNEL
the Aging and Aged Aricrew Mar 1971 8 w (See N71.223)lt NAVIGANT1
the facor ofteagnR Carre. JI Salvagnific and F Flas In AGARO Phys Fitness in
Avai NTI Flinj ncldingtheAging and Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 9 p
One
conideatin
f te fctos o i thth agng poces rfs nFRNCH(SeN71 -22301 11.05)
i icesis the relationship cif illness. injury. and physiological Avail NTIS
icdnsEvaluations of 268 p-lots and air navigators representing Cardiovascular abriorrialities in more then 31.,00 flying
68 ofteestablished Canadian. aarcvie strength were (aired personnel were studied during a 12 year period by performring
otbcueindividuals either failed to meet prescribed medical elactrocardiographic. cholesterol0 content, and caiotidograrrsmetric
sadrsor else had developed some difficult. ObSCure oi border-line evaluations It was established that more than 30% of the disabled
mdclproblems which raised a question of fitness to cuntir~ue group had cardiovascular diseases with the greatest number found
flg Daaindicate that diseases of the circulatory system were between 45 to 50 years of age. aging personnel were more
taolaf;arrc..a: Hui tirrif i~rs rui itu;ii. i*,.ii risrius
or... ul jzz:dC:, ipzrua ad- pii.;. ut: I1;.w iui Air iru t! wert groundied
older aitriew members. while psychiatric disorders resulted in the if they showed typical arteriosclerotic symrciwr, Also grounded
greatest number of groundings in the younger group Author were pilots over 40 ye;;rs of age with ECK abnormalities
Trans[ by G G

N71-22316# ScrhSd of Aerospace Medicine Brooks AFB Tex N71-223190 Institute of Ariation Medicine Fuerstenfeldbruck
THE EFFECTS OF AGING ON BODY COMPOSITION AND (West Germany)
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN THE USAF AIRCREW PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF AGING
POPULATION H J Grunholer and K Gerberi It, AGARiD lihys Fitness in Flying
John W Ord and Malcolm C Lancaster It, AGARO Phys Fitness Including the Aging and Aged Aiýcreý I. irt 1971 7 p rats
in Flying Including the Aging arid Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 t0 p (56a N7 1-22301 11 05)
refs (See N71122301 11 05) Avail INTIS
Avail NTIS Facts observed so far cnncerning veriteions and dlecrement
Nine hundred seventeen healthy aircrewmenranging in of cognitive. psychornolori'. and retentive abilities with increasing
age from 25 to 49 years were evaluated for minor medical age are reported Generally it can bie assumed ftat almost all
iitils Oiuiriv li,.
Ii... -- ii ireu-i. 348 Priutis wee yeiu.io6 .s Pair ' .3 ..... ...... t .. dQC.a_ at C! h.
t
of the selection process fur special projects s-ich as space flight decade of life But abilities wit i riicirrasirig age are essentially
The differences between trie groups arid if. sijbgirilis according dependent upon tirea level ol r.riginal aptlitide type and extent of
to age. in parameters bearring on physical fitness are itescirbed The experience gained in lhe coursir of tile thinking patterns. and
special project group -vas more fit than the other normal group trained procedures ýonsuhdid ed through rrsercise On the other
ax demonstrated bri their response to maximal treadmill testing hand Particular dlecrehiiii, capaLtilit-e- can only be compensated by
had a lesser bodyt fat fractiun and lownr blood i-pid and glucose others wrth~n certain limnit% As a ihsuirt nrti,.stinent and readjustrtent
revels Older subgtririps demonstrated lower reaxirnal tepadmill to requirements which cannot tie fiet by means of confirmed
exercisie ptirformance, had higher body fa! fractions and tanedl_ý to behavior became incneas-risjly ýliili( UltfvAr analysis of presiently used
demronstrate h:gher levels of blood ipids arid glucose Aultir methods to measure flyinW tirirficnenny in eginni pilots is given
Author

N71-223170 Schorol of Aerospace Menu, ,re brook' Al-B Tex

A COMPARISON OF THE LFFECTS OF EARLY N71.22320x Institute of Aviarior Medicine Fueistenfeidbiuck
CARDIOWASCULAR DISEASE AND AGING UPON (West ieirriarryl
MAXIMAL EXERCISE PERFORMANCE IN 'HE USAF HEARING ACUITY IN REFLATION TO AGE ANt) FLYINU
AIRCREW POPULATION TIME
Malcolm C Lancaster and John VII 9d Inn AGARD Plivis Fritess G~ A I roeilin Fr Ini AGAREi Pliyi, Fitness in Flyingp tnclij;:ig the
in Flying Ir.,,lirdirg ithe AnlaiQiarid Agedl AircieN M ai 19 7 1 8 Aging
A, and Aged Aifcrew Mar 1971 6 p (So@ N71t22301
refs 'See 471122301 1 051(5 It-OS)
Avail NTiS Avail NTi-1,
 94 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

*The Dole tone audiograms of 1024 Air Force pilots and G J Pesmari It) ,rs Pirinciple-~ of Biodynamics Aoplicable to
100 applicants were classified into 3 categories 101) t1he 25% Manned Aerospace Flight Prolonigell Linear and Radial Acceleration
rwith best hearing capacity. I021 the 50% with nmrdium hearing Mar 197 1 p 1 6 refs kSee li.712333 7 12-O5)
capacity. 1031 the 25% with poor~est hearing capacity. and S Avtail NTIS
hearing losses of industry population The evaluation had the Development of verticil or st~ee landing and takeoff aircraft
l ollowing results (1IIPilots classified as 0 1 arid 0 2 had a hearing helicopters and space vehicles has desfritto,the comfortable

acuity that was Slightly better or eQual to co.-Trparative age groups which the
situationrirn ~eh-cle and occupants maintained a fixedI

of a normal industry population. 42) Even in the 0 3 groups with oelat,onshrp W~t'i the advent of these advances it became desirahine
*markied hearing losseA. the main speech frequencies of 500 -2000 that esSentratly two 0.,ectrorral termirrrrlogvrs be -,sed one for the
* .Hir showed only negligib~le rimpairment J3) the hearing acuity of vehrcfe aid arrorher for thd ocrurrarris Te~rr, were evolved and
1et-pil01t1 a3Sllght',r better than that of pilots in heticopters and as far as possible trdve beer. incorpirdateotinto r-vised tables ol
propeller aircraft. and 141 toi the decrease in hearing acuity age is for bullt, Irear jrclvnrgula, mnotion Tapies
Imore important than flying tine Author
equivalent lermir~naligy
of cornparal-de eqr,valents are presented wticth are organized int
the form c' a statenment ol tire laws of motronr A L

P471 -223210 Centre de Medecr-ne Aeronautique. Brussels

t~eigiumni N7`1 23339- A-!~,r 6 ,. ~-A-rirr lrrJ
LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF SPIROMETER VALUES FOR De.vio;r,rrrnrr Ri- I 'i.,
NAVIGATOR PERSONNEL OF THE BIELGIAN AIR FORCE AN INTROPUCTION TO THE PHYSICS AND PHYSIOLOGY
IýTUOE LONGITUDINALE DES VALEURS OF: ACCELERATION
SPIROMETRIOUIES DOI PERSONNEL NAVIGANT Of LA 5 D jJ,.~i: '.p 1 . -,1 6::,r.1 -** A,,;,!, i,-
FORCE AERIENNE SELGE1 rlria. Anrrr,i.., 1 ' 1 i,,.I L- d ilih!.r:A- 1--,-,rr..
* J Buirde in AGARO Phys Fitness inn Flying including the Aging A,i- 1171-, .1 b4 j.r 1 '533 1 0
t11O05 Avail ITiTS
and Aged Aircrew Mar 1971 7 p ýSee N71-22301
Avail NTIS Trini ii 1-r, 0! i-,-I'i *, . 1 I. _ I.,r.li-.

* ~~Long term Spirometric measuen-ents on Belgian Air Force 1 ~tr ,if,-r~' I Ill. ,dý~
".l.i~r nlrd

flying rersonne: Obtai-ned over a period from 6 to tO Years. are ini ~l i- .ni..iIii. ti - - ... r.
I... It 1
a ~~evaluated in order to establish IThe rinfluence of aging On physical Jd f i a.: ' ....
....--
ii. * ~II~ i ~i Lii
fitness concurrent wrin the pro-.ess of aging A new specialforfmula
is presented that A applicable for ages 15 through 55 and can
'3s vised to predacictIthe developing vital capacity for eacn individual NJ 1.23340a Advisor' Croup for Aerostraci 'eseaicL.I arid

subject during aging Transi by G G Development PairslFrancei

THE DYNAMICS OF ROTATION APPLIED TO
Deve~orme'; Pars.Frari'n. A E van Parlter I P- -P~ilr- ofl Brodrtarvamcs Apprlicable to

OF GIODYNAMICS APPLICABLE TO MAN ED

11~tltiCze'LES f A. r-pa_ Fl6~igh Nea 23337 12 05.eeaz ia
f _,rfv2c6I"N1 3371 5
AERDSPACE FLIGHT PROLONGED LINEAR AND RADIL
ACCELERATION Avae..",ill,
A" "'I"c ! egph'._al
j ainit niilltiJr-O
-naia ramn
Mar 1971 182 11, el,
7
IAGAR~oyi~alih 150 AGARD AG 150 1i A.,dil N I IS i.e~,,e It Ii'
uinii~ vle..t oft i)fitat ,inia)diiiC as applied to
tiurrari Lerrtrlupirs Ti- ap,-a.i-ti,ia, like.,iivid to reliese

CONTENTS Irhy .ic-arls art ffedl-al tin- siriri ofl fii'l~l-iW) viv-e(i ito 1 ali a
TJ
tEIJ`1If1.11 0i t TANl I OF irgoiviu tl tire oitr-n
.isyll aidJ SIitrP aewji tIl.n -O ,rirl
IACCE LE RATIO N
i.- a~ssociarei W-11i iii iii IiIriir
i Jddlii-r. -r 11e P.sr'
COMPARATIVE EQUIVALENTS Ci i P , 1i 1- 6 eI
tifle ft-tny assir-',ed -111 IthIi -ri-l. the, ir, <0 Uin olly
N71 23338 12 23,
2 AN INTROPULICION TO THE PHYSICS AND PlHYbIOLWCY risit diet irni-Sers~r Coirofisarceileill.k1i" (,r,(uSrirrlarid .or'c
'A Cui,uli., nttn-t.a-i Ii...i..iit '1
OF ACCELELRATION 5 D Leverelt Jr 1, 7 24 -Sm~- 1`417 23339 i-3im'ili*

r 3 THE DYNAAMI S OF FIOTA7I jti 1'

APPLE ft
CENTRIFUGE S N4 E Van, 25
,lii 36 -Sic 'J~l7r 3340 N715 23341t -
An-1~l. I-hi..... ... II. .'-i1

12 23' ,F )n,-.ii. i
4 A SUMMARY OF HUMAN TOLERPANCE TOj PF(OLUN(J L A SUMMARY OF HUMAN TOLERANCE TO PROLONGED
ACCELERATION A 5 Hide arid H \, F4arl1,Ii 37 56, ef'-, ACCELERATION

lSeelN7t 2334) 1204, Ai S it-,.I' V. P.il- I''.....i ... r.

5DE SCRIPTIVE Ct.TALOG OF ALHI'jSPALF MEW( irll'a.l
Al.-; I-, r.(ml A --. .1i'-. *I- 1- ii. '-1 1 -. II~--i
I..
BIODYNAMICS FACILITIES IN TirE LI'NIIED AN(l~,SJ) A . ,-II. M.,Ni 19,1 j, 51, .1 3-_j33
CANADA C F Gel) 'HNaI1 Ae,,,, 1 ,Ace M-1i li..t 05.
1r2~-,.,Fr-t

IF, 01il)jYNAMICS ACILITIE 5

FA IN
Ti 1i. Ti l'W(
[); IA A s-'-d~rr,
vii 'J".]
COUNTRIES A Scairtr, Il~ilair , A-)--'. I it.......
%~iI,r.I l Ii. J." -10iif
Italy, , t01 124 rels -S.. W, 2334j; 12 11 Nl .....iI,-1
.. .-I...- -. i~ iLi tI- -
1
7 LllOIYNAWMICS I 13B1i041iiIr
")9'' V. .r-~r-I'. .i I- - ..

L jul-es -NJASA \,%ai.h-iIr 11. 0 f. , 121, 19-, -f1 5. . I -I-I-' i,! Ii,- n.'i
.......... -nf-.-' .
'.............

N71 23338 # Ad......i0 (,i ..

i.1 liii, A r ......'.A fGs i-a'' It il ,- 0... i-i . v.- 5' - - i'

-.-. i
COMPARATIvIE EQUIVALENT ...... Iii
05 BIOTECHNOLOGY 95

given and a table provided Each table defines each point on each Splcililist Meeting held in Oporto. Portugal trom 21 to 22 June
graph with respect to the following variables vector magnitude 1971 are presented The subject was divided into Iwo pats the
avrag onet anle
G. ecordlbac
duraion aus otterinaiongeneral aspects ot C~linical causes for grounding in the various air
duraK~n
G. ecodl
avrag bck
onet ng~ case f tr-ndonforces and the Specit.c aspects at grounding according to
of experimiental exposure trauma. number of subjects invotvedmdcl ecatsEchaprilooedryaicuinA
countermeasures used support restraint arird ttw reference from bechnica summary and an evaluation are included at the end
which this information was obtained A L For individual titles. see N 72 14091 through N 72 141 i2

N71-23342# Naval Aerospace Medical Inst Pensacola Fla N142-1140911s Italian Air Force Medico Legal Inst Milanr
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOG OF AEROSPACE MEDICAL STATISTICAL SURVEY ON THE CLINCIAL CAUSES OF
BIODYNAMICS FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND TEMPORARY GROUNDING AND PERMANENT UNFITNESS
CANADA OF IAF AIRCREWS
Charles F Gell ad In AGARO Principles of Biodynamics Gaetano Rotondo In AGARD Clinical Causes for Grounding
Applicable to Manned Aerospace flight Prolonged Linear and Radial Nov 1971 29 p refs (See N72- 14090 05-05)
Accelenstion Mar 1971 p 57 t00 (See N71 23337 12 205, Avail NTIS
Avail NTIS An analytical study of the clinical causes that most
frequently lead to temporary or permanent loss oif fitness amnong
A descriptive tart and pictorial ctisplaj a~e pr~esented Oft flying persionnel was undertakers A wide statistical survey was
the newest equipnment and latest nrodrtcatrors of older ettw.ipment made on morbidity or rather :omm aspects of morbridity in the
used in brodyinamrc studies crndricted in United States Governmenet personnel of the Italian Air Force amongr the various categories
facilities and in Canadian lacilities Facilities ?iirl erjuionrei' or groups of categories connected with the flying t,.IrviCe in
discussed are located at it I, N at Aerospace Medicai lnsr,'irte i: general art.' with particular regard to pilots Such a study was
Aeiospace Niledicat Researcih Departznerrt i3, Arurae Cie,' undertaken %siththe hope nf detecitig the physro psyr:h.c Causes
Equipmlenst Laboratory 4- 6570th Aerospace Merlicat Reseacil that have niit st weight a I irncidence in giving rise to unfitness
Laboratories lSt 6571tst Aeiornedica: Researc"h Latrrratcrrn 16. for militiary service and for flying It would lnen tie possible to
United States Air Force School at Aerospace Medicirne 1i tMarrieo make practicat suggestions in order to reduce the incidence ul
these causes anil their disabling e'fects Autroý
Soare-ialt Center -8: Arne. Research Center !91 C ol Aeriiried. il
Inistitute it 10 Nationial Av-aioii Fac-riries E rjipomeoritl Cecnil- -11
Section of Phisicioge Majo Foundlatior- an-i PMa ct", ai,it 12, N72 14092p Royal Na%,it Air tMedical Schroot Hit0head i~nglandim
Qetense Resear :ir Esrabhusrrrrerir Tocirrrra Calid'a A L CLINICAL CAUSES FOR GROUNDING~ A nEVIEW OF
ROYAL NAVAL EXPERIENCIE. 1962 1970
Military School of Avratrn Miedicine Ro tie dtalýi I H Cottey and ISt C Golden In AGARO Clinical Causes for
N71-23343ip
IC
FAILIIE
SIOYNA IN NAT EROPANGrounding Nov 1971 1it p rets (See N72 14090 05 05)

COUNTRIES Tie clinical cause, for pcrm-anent girr-indrnil in the British

Aristide Scaio eit /oi AGARO Prnc,(iples o1 Biuilrrrarill., Fleet Air Arm for the period January 1962 ao December 1970
Applicable to Man-red Aerospa.-e FI ghi Pntonqedri L-, ar art, Ha-tat inclusive were examined Clinical groundlings constitute 13% ot
Acceler. oun Mar 1971t p t0t 124 refs 5ire 1`471 23337 the total grounding& for all reasons Psychiatric illness is
12.05- responsible for 58% ol clinical groundings and t,.as the major
cause of wastage in trainedl airrcrews Autnor
Avail NTIS
Photographs arid descriptive texts are pr~eirtof aitt
and equipment I1c, trrcdyirtainrc stuilies art es~ea-ir ol Franc(e Italy
aridErilendA LN72 14D93* Betgian Anr Force Brussels
do'J nglan A LANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE CAUSES OF MEDICAL
UNFITNESS OF FLYING PERSONNEL IN THE BELGIAN
AIR FORCE JETUDE ANALYTIGUE DES CAUSES
N71 23344'1 Naloicra Aerorrairrc dirt Sjrir'm Atr, fltatri.. 1.IONAPTITUDE MEDICALE DU PERSONNEL NAVIGANT
Wanshrrigton D C CIE LA FORCE AERIENNE BELGEI
J Bonds arid R Mcorothameis In AGARD Clinical Causes for
BIODYNAMICS BIBLIOSRAPHY. 1966 1969
- -. 4(-AA; Pi,:, ir,I Hi.. Iii Grovndir.g Nov 1971 11 Vr in fHINCH iSic N72 14090
LrrirPI.-ii.. rr 0
Aipictil
t Mtrici Aersiae Flight! Piulrniiqcrl Lri-irdi ji-t fIidI Aart NTIS
AC-elirr nun Mar lrj7 t , 12! 19f, -1, Sii N/t 133-17 A compierlensive analysis was rnare of tIre causes Ot
12 5,temporary 3ndrr permanent unlitness in cases treatert hy t0r0 ad
,NASA TM X 67138, Avart FlitS CSCL 06R hoc Medical Lvr,-mnssron of Ihe Belgian Air Foicri foum 1965 to
This~ arriotateli bitirlOgiaphV Irirj i,,irire, -ii~t,iii
c.. .- 1 i 1971 The study coricenrnerl 635 Subjects Of whom 29 5% had a
,or avaitatire - in ea,i literature e~iww ,ui1i1-1ir4 liitiar.number of different drsafrti--es 7 6% of the cases were the
reseairch flinrlrigs truieayn war rte-al ind art-) i., object of penrmarnent giociidirrii and 12 9%l weie permanently
rspetrc.rritjjive view cOfcilrriii rinearti ciltini .~ 11- t t111 -1,eirted
1~.. in their fitness for ttre air stc, fre 40% of the Lases were
:wniriri,Ilii iti.riahi accident victims 0f 904 di~satrifittie -i pathlo~~gy uI tire
Takeor directly furom rthe ...rinal -,iorpre
ii diiiyit "a Ioomoraur system was ihe most foeientuet ov-LIeflicfiiiis
rrif of
is rfdivreitn sir .i.-rr' -t iti i.3i ii itj

naijiart 12, -t1 a a- i etnaidrci l--id I -d, r~~tu. both the neuropsychiatic, aiii digestive systems Afte. rilriiratrig
i'3i
arignirv -,accident calms the nirost lifrieoivo pathiologsy was ci tihe djidýrirde
rirrilrierl stresses a-ii o-' tirni ...
.... rit and respiratory tracts A study irt tMe currelatririr ireiteeisi age ;
the ubiject and itie length of itisaltiliry as a function o!
pathologyical class gave noa co-Jolrrvir resrills Tiraris tyliK Pp

N72 14090- /., us(,ry G....

i. liiio AeiiispareC iesparctr antI
Pusiy~i fra el
LJevelorrment N72 14094m Naval Air Station Norifolk Va
CLINICAL CAUSES FOP C"OfI!NDtNr. A REPORT OF AVIATOR GROUNDING AND AVIATOR
Hierrl!- S cincs Nrov 197 t 19? Ii nit~l Pieserreil At tire SALVAGE IN HIGH PERFORMANCE FHUH lEN AIH(.15AJ-
A(rAftU Awrstr'a, - Mcml iritie,-alst Merliit-lW rric Romaine L Benduevir If, A(;AHI) Clrnial Causrefr.hitoirlrr'Jirrg
Portugail 71 t Z Junt 19 It Nov 1971 8 g, rut, iSee 1472 14090 Or, 0!,,
iAG'ARU tiP 89 IlIt A4,1- N T1, Avrl., NTIS
Aeirrsprdir Meilriai Plal li.ii. ,Ii I -t. ilI~i r r o. [I., Ii r-tr-I siatmtr Navy
Paper$ Ljiviri ai tire /C,Ait[J
 96 BIOTE CHNNO LOGY

andpaliclaty hcrole of the duall-., designaz.ed physician-pilot. J Nathie P M Pingannaud. and A Giberi In AGARO Clinical
is considered in the evaluation, treatment. and U~spirsition of Causes for Grounding Nov 19?71 6 p in FRENCH ISee
aviators flying in high :erformance let fighter aiiciish Personal N72* 14090 05-05)
observations and e'oefirnces ot the author as a pilot Avail NTIS
instructor flight surgeon with a McDonnell F-4 (Phantom 11l The physicc't litngss of flying ptersonnel in the French Air
training squadron form the frasis lor the oresentation and Force is supervised by the Centers for Medical Evaluation of
discussion of several cases involking the question of grounding Flying personnel c general study of 60.81 1 review evaluatoios
for major clinical reasons An integril pars of these discussions is made by the centers from 1960 to 1969 show that among
an attempt to demonstrate the value of the pilot-physician This 1400 causes of observed unfitness (temporary unfitness excluded)
report covers a relatively short span of time Oc;tober 196? the most numerous were nerjropsychiatrrc disorders 1381 causes)
through July 1969 but is particularly significanit in this number and inadequacy cI the visual fun, ron (379 causes) These
ofl interesting cases that arose requ~rrng evaluation and conclusions were made precise in d detailed study of ithe results
dispiosition Author in 1969. during which year 72 subjects were declaret: unfit It
appears that unfitness of neuropsvchiatric origin is esm~ntrally A
Ff721405*
ofAeropacShoo Medcin Broks FB e~~motivated by psychologrcal or psyrchosoiTratic difficulties The
N72 409n
Arosace
Scoolof ediine roos AF dischbilities recorded rarely fed to the elimination of flying
USAF AEROMEDICAL CONSULT SERVICE EXPERIENCE personnel, the majority being everntually discharged or reclassified
IN CAtUSES FOR GROUNDING OVER THE PAST FIFTEEN into ar~other specialty The importance of statistical problems is
YEARS emphasized and their solution by electronic (4ata processing
Malcolm C L ncaster In AGARD Clinical Causes lor Groundling methods is proposed Transj by K P D
Nov 1971 1 r, rets (See N72-t4090 05 O5i
Avail NTIS
Amarker) change in the factors that relate to nmedical N72-14099ii Hellenic Air Force Gbneral Hospital. Athens
grounding 0f flyers in the United Sltaes Air Force IUSAFi has iGreecel Dept of Internal Medicine
occurred over the past IS years the rrireasing age 0f the flying MEDICAL ASPECTS OF GROUNDING AND NONEFF r2CTIVE-
Populat~on in the major causative lactor producing this change NESS IN HELLENIC AIR FORCE PILOTS
Improved diagnostic techniques and air increase in the fund of C E Grannopoutos and H G Vissoulis In AGARD Clinical
information about normals and individuals with eprly disease also Causes for Grounding Nov 19?1 S p refs iSee N72 14090
had a significant influence upon both ltre types of problems ('5 05)
evaluated and their disposition The experienrce of USAF S~cll Avail NTIS
of Aerospace Medicine over a period of 15 years is revrev.ad. Based upon statistics from Greek pilots individual health
and the trends did factors related to nred-cal criteria for files. hrstrital recnrds and the Aviation Supreme Medical Bloardl
grounding USAF flyers are discussed Author cemsilica.rons. a Ie-i year analytical study of the macorcal causes of
adm.S-tsgons. vaiavers susrenstuns and permanent groundings :s
presented Da:3 on the medical causes for elimination frorn flying
N72 1409SN Office ot the Surgeon General lAir Force), training are also discussed comparatively From an average
Washington 0 C s*-rcr'.Gth o! E12 'stcj 2-1v! 24 waiv nprmanently grounded for
CAUSES FOR MEDICAL GROUNDING OF PILOTS AND medical reasirns The 11i2aj0f cause was due to sensory
NAVIGATORS IN THE UN1tED STATES AIR FORCE, 1969 d'frciencres which .. rounrted for 9 grouncdings. or 37 5% of the
Robert A Farmer and Howard A Uinger In AGARE) Clinical total Peptic utcer disease is thnt most frequent cause for
Causes for Grounding Nov 1971 6 p [See N72 14090 nonetfictiveness and actcocntu for several permanent groundings
05 051 The incidence of coronary hea.-r disease is exceprtionally low and
Avail NT;S should be attributed to tic younger age distribution of theI
Specific indicoes and measures of the health of USAF-rated surveyed population The elimination of iwo cadets for thalastemia
* intficers are computed from biometric data provided by thre flight minor and the finding of several cases 0f thalasser-ira trait
surgeon s medical recommrrendlatIions These data are discuss -d in among rated pilots brings into focus the rioblem of thalassenia
relation to the health ol Air Force flyers anid thre practice of endemic in certain areas of Greece Author
aerospace medicine in the U S Air Force Sin4irlrites and
variations of medical practice arid mranagement are considered
Comparisons of the rates of removal arid nonelfective ratoio by N72 14IOrto Naval Aerospace Medical Ir-s' Pensacola. Fla
rating age. and commnand are presented Author THE US NAVY SPECIAL BOARD OF FLIGHT SURGEONS
KEEP THEM FLYING SAFELY
M D Courtney In AGARD Clinical Causes for Grounding
Nf72 14097# Irnstitutle of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstenteldhiruck Nov 197 1 12 o (bree fSI 1e4090~ cr5 05n
IWest Genrmany) Avail -NTIS
CLINICAL CAUSES FOR PERMANENT GROUNDING OF In 1957 the United Stales Navvy Bureau of Medicine and
AIRCREW WITHIN THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES Surgery corereted the establishment of the Special Scnar of f-ight
H J Grunhoter arid K R Mueller In AGARD Clinical Causes Surgeons This board consists ot spricialrsts in aerospa' e mnedicine
for Groundinj Nov 1971 9 p (See N 72 1409~0 05 05l and related fields who can mnakerecommendations concerning
Avail NTIS the physical qualifications o' Navy and Marina Corps anicrea
All clinical causes for permanengri jounding of German personnel which are nricessary lfor themr to continue in duty
armed forces pilots and other arcicew members were examined involving flying The composrtionr of thy Spec-il board ar.dI its
And analyzed statistically The 'reus~es lfr medical (Itrscuuel ihrat ions method of operation are itvscrrbed nitid thc kinds of cases
are divided into diagnistrc groupis or 3cf-orrilrr-q to specific referred to it for the past fourreen years and lIr" reconimene-iatiuns
function& 0f organs and, or organ systems Special emphasis is made for the disposition JitI ese cases are reviersed Author
given IC waivers and to certainl rs,rLologrcal asperls There
were 24 396 lihySical exantiriatruris stinijed rivr a period of t
years AUthiri N72 14101mu School of Aerrisparep. Medlicinre Brooks At B Ter
CHANGING CONCEPTS IN MEDICAL REASONS FOR
GROUNDING IN THE USAF AEROMEDICAL CONSULT
Nf72- 14098s Centre Prinipal it Expereirscs Melir-ales dlu SERVICE
Personnel Navigaril Paris IFratircn Service rfr' Sante des John H Triefiwassor In ACARDL Clinical Causes for Grounding
AfmesNtcrv 1971 qp -fxl e-N72-14090 05051
- 7- TICAL ANALYSIS OF UNFITNESS OF FLYING Avail NTiS
-r-NirEL IN THE FRENCH AIR FORCE IT ITQIPflying safely is the marur fartor -irideilyinig niedical decisions
r~;,1
IDES DU PERSONNEL NAVIGA N T 0DE regarding9 a givie, va-11,r1s fitireS t, 'IV Over the trast 15 years
L ad' -nTEl 1) 1 i lli -qANCAISE)I irnerlcal ji-,eir'es rr irottiri
us as irnre ... iihi air olrder
05 BIOTECHNOLOGY 97

*
populatiOn and newer diagnostic techr,iques was grined T!,t ItLYING STATUS FOR MEDICAL REASONS IN THE UNITED
incidence of degenerative disease has increased paral!al with Ire STATES AIR FORCE. 1969
age of the USAF arrcrew member Increasing emphasis must be Roajert A Farmer and Howad R Un.ge; In AGARD ClIncal
placed on the early diagnosis of those conditions that coull r auses for Grounding Nov 1971 7 p (See N72 14090
result in sudden incapacrtation Experience in aerospace medicinri
us limited to a younirer more healthy population than that found
C . 05. I
Ar ',I NTIS
in a hospital The signilicance of several electrocardiographi( The age disribultcn causes numbers dnd diagnostic
t
#fnd.ngs usually associated with disease or a sick population is cati 3orfes of medi al suspensions o Ilyirg personnel in Ih( U S
not necessarily of the same importance in the Air Force patient Air ice wh-ch occurred in 1969 are discussed Ideitification of
population Four conditions that were considered tepresentative prei. ,-i and clinical medrical prachces and pohcies which may
of significant orcanlc heirl disease are considered These arc preve I e- remove the medical cause of the suspension are
etectrucardlographic repolarrzatron changes caIdic arrhythrnias
acquired bundle branch block and aortic valvrular insufficiency
made Lossible by the study Author 4
Auul Or
N72 141%16# Royal Air For.e Central Medical Eslablishinant.

N72 14102- Instrlule o) Aviat~on Medicine Fuerstenfeldbruck London 4Ei gland-

[West Crmanyl CURRENT NAS.AL AND AURAL INDICATIONS FOR
CARDIOLOGIC FINDINGS AS CAUSE FOR GROUNDING GROUNDinG
H W Kirchhoff and A Dietu /n AGARD Clinical Causes for P F King 'i AGARD Clinical Causes for Grounding Nov
6
Grounding Nov 1971 3 p [See N72 14090 05 OSt 1971 p ir Is (Sue N72 1409C 05 05)
Avail NTIS Avail NTIS
The routinre cardcoloqic progiam performed at the Institute The curren indicat~ons for airew grounding due In nasal
of Aviation Medicine of the German Air Force 1o determine and ac-al drsorCers are described The importance of careful
t
titness for miirary llyiiig vity is desci--ed It is comtprised o an preliminary select on ins
s emphasized The decreasing -niienceof
oveiall clinical examicnatun an electrocird.ocam taken at rest nasal irierhton w-. noted together with the inrceasriq part
and the so called rn-asler two step lest II .,rituired the physician played by nasal Ilergy The question of chronic bionchilt s
may order addr,.Qnal electiocardiograohic mechanncardiographrc bronchiectasis and asthma which complicate nasal disease is
and function': medical tests Armed forces regulation serves as discussed Of the commoner aural lesions otosclerosis as a
the citer,-un Or the final assessment and tiss all lindiigs which cause of permanent ,-toundinc; anl the fIlect of stepedectomy
preclude or render queStiOnable lying duly Author are considered Chrin ic citilis Media and the indications tor
grounding compared w lh those tiermitting continued flying. are
examined The relative c-d absolute in(t:caIlons tor grounding in
t472-14103a institute of Acati- Medicine I ueisre- ieidhuck cases of chronic ottlic harolrauma are drs,..issed Perceptive
iWesl Germany; deafness and labyrinthine Causes of vertigo arid their iritluence
NEW FINDINGS CONCERNING THE IMPORTANCE OF on fitness to Ily are also described Author

A Dietl In A(jARO Clinical Causes fu( Giourid,in Noy 1971

6 p ISee N72 14090 05 OSI N72 14107l Institute nI Aviation Medicine Fliegehorst (West
Avail NTIS Germany)
Long term electrocardiograms IEKGs) ate recorded at the CAUSES !OR PERMANENT GROUNDING AND AEJEC
Institute of Aviation Medicine o1 the German Ar Force for ani, TION IN THE ENT DEPARTIAENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF
subleCi soov.,nj rhythmic cardiac disturbances Long term AVIATION MEDICINE OF THE GERMAN AIR FORCE
,egislratron is st:perior to rautine EKG s with respect te recording G Froehlich In AGARO Chnictl Causes lot Groundiog Nov
arrhylhmias The advantages and technques of long te m E KG s 1971 3 p ISee N 72 14090 05 051
are considered Airrih O, Avail NTIS
Frum 1959 ao 1968 Ihire were 22 800 periodic
reexaminathrons uI )ilols arid stutter I pilots ot the German aimed
N72 14104- InStitutl of Aviation Med-ione Fu rstenleldbruck forces 55 or 0 24% `i i these were jierrarictlly irourided 1Ii this
group 38 wei•. Stuir tw narile high tfoil hearinq losses
rih
iWesl Gera y
due ti inril;j iiOlSP ji it!- shooIing dirage The cem~rndei
INCIDENCE OF CORONARY RISK FACTORS IN PILOTS
OF THE BUNDESWEHR suffered fron, recurrent .,iioihs i..1 veslilular disease 13)
C tinical
JA6RD a4uui
lIn A NI2/ Causes tor G rorini(rJi9 Nov chroiric si..silis %2) allergic ihlrrlolw, 11 and M eno rei v disease
1971 J .nfl
Klaus 10 p (See U55 Q)i Ii1 The rates Ia• perniarent rerectiansol applicants Icor Ilight

".vai NTIS Irairinvr drucreaseil consiileraly afte, the aduatil. o f more

of dilfferent types of aircraft were Ilexa)l,: ti;erring stanidiafrs ii, 1966 Ago iii most of the ieelicor-s
A g •oup if 1000 pliol he.liinq• lous,.ps caused ley impact or~or,
eriamrro ed with 'ePec[ IU (JlSttlht~h10t- 01I var](l11l pdatanefer$ were du to(:h .nlJ'a~

?hirh in eotremne cases constituted orarary risk lac-tors In a sanilvh. of 2000 iitidal exanrnliah'nS the ie 1 clion rales
Cigarette consumption serum cholesterul level systolic and were highest among yr•rrq Army Olhceis ani Army NCG s ani
diastolic blood ptessire physical aCtiviit trOdey veighl vslal lowest ationt| Air Ftoici; aliplicants rhe main causes Ioi
capacity Iastlr l Itrod Suy )f level autarrnesia and family temporary i1 ttound)ng of a)phlcanls were s5iliislhs marked septal
tiredispi•sition w-'c studied in detail For reo sum of risk lactrirs deviatiois ca irrhal a hllismeda and chrot c tonsillihs All these
l
the distributions were ronsidered for iola W.OjP separalt age cases were ai(cetleit lot •jing lraring I Ilcirt was hill tecovery
grcups pilots grotrpej according to types of air' iall flown 'total alter propert reatment Cases with sirotie rr(astOidectOmy dint
and in seoarte ag -.grounsi and for pilots undce 30 years ol age small alrophi, s%_ars of the tytitidnii rTernh- roe are arceil(aile
grouped accrt(ling to aircralt Ilownr ann train ,I status Coronary as weIl as cases wlh tynTtpanoplasty type 1 prov,(lcd thi- eds
stress is barely ncreasid1r imhdaed to a normal t)rapiaron Prop are lunctruriallv nourial AIthor
pilots are at leas' coeon iir parMdlied to Ih! same extent as
cill•
let pilots This is paiticuilaite tryueIrto older age groups The
greatest irement ol tisychOphysical streo. ellects or the N72 14108u Institute of Aviathinr Meilicirte Fuerslenlted•lItruck
coronary systeri OcfcurS frelmwee the start (,, training arid the West Geimaiyi
first flying experience independenl of the aircraft type flowit OPHTHALMOLOGICAL CAUSES FOR GROUNDING A 10
YEARS REPORT
r Author
~~~~~~~~~~Diat;oh Ai..Aiura(rcr(g
I-z.c:c 0 nrrinln
NY2 14105N Offtce otf the Surl;e(:rrr General tAir For)rcer Nov 1471 4 p See N 12 14090 05 05,
Washington () C Avdai NTI$
SUSPPNSIONS OF PILOTS AND) -NAVIGATORS FROM F rum 1959 tii 1 69 51 pilots iti Ihecierrnair Ai oe
fo
..-
 98 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

were pernroariently grounded on the liasis of ophthalmnologijcal Specific psyctioputriloyj which is dire to the difficulties of
dia gooses Thil Iotal number of examinations made was 24 396 a, lirianlic aiP~lapator and which Occu's alnmost uniquely in [he
These 51 cases were classified according to diagnosis They dorrarrr of the subject s professional life Observations made to(
were as follows anromalies of ref ractrion (28) anom .afres of color French Air Force personnel in 1969 were cellected and divided
sense 3! anomalies of accommodation It) ancmalies of into ý:Iasses in order to study fihe disfiniction implied in a
stereopsis j1) blepharitis If ) anomalies of papillary function (1f diagnosis prediction Fteatotent and deciding flight aptitud'e int
-ataract 121 aphakia (21 retinal distiases. including 2 retinal psychofogical cases The classes considered were fhe general
dfetachments 1l? and glaucomai i51 Aruthor psychiatry of flying pjerso-rocI andJ their specific psychopathology1
tnformation on dliagnostics aptitude decisionsi and development
over a ero tiservatroir sits also colle-ted Therapy and
N12 14109o Cantadran Armed Forces lnst of Environmental medicaal aeddmrrrsta,doIve suggestions are neseitted for the two
Me lricite Toronto (Ontario, pathc ýrc-es Transl by K P 0
DIASETES MELLITUS IN FLYING PERSONNEL
W i C Stevenson In AGARD Clinical Causes for Grounding
Nov 1971 6 p re fs (See N 72 140900 OS6OS N72-19119# Adv-sor;, Group for Aerospace Riesearch and
Avail N15S Development. PV. s tf ance)
Ti e Central Aiicrew Medical Board at the Canadian forces LINEAR ACCE..ERAI. 14 OF Ih)PACT TYPE
Instiut- of Environmental Medicine assessed fifteen aircrew 26 Feb 19-/1 4.36 ; refs in ENGLISH o if -&RENCH
irervbe s ;n the past ten years who were refe'red because of Presented at the Aerospace M-td Panel Specialist Meeting.
abnorm.I glucose tolerance observed following incidental findings Oporto Portugal 23-26 Jun 1971I
of rediuc ng subrstances in the urine at time of routine urinalysis iAGARO CP-88-711 Avail NTIS H $6 00 MF $095
The mlini al findings, investigation procedures. and followup are Recent aviation and autormobrile accidents are reviewed in
* drsrýussey for two of the fifteen cases These were referred an eltonl to reduce the human injury The brodynamics physiology.
because evidence suggested oos..rble adult onset of diabetes Pathology, and clin~irAI aspects of linear acceleration ;mpact aro
1.
mellitus our of the fifteen were permanently groundeid the discussed for individual titles. see N72 19120 throughI
remainder were returned to flight duties One individual case was N72 19163
followed for ten years without development of the overt disease
or any associated simpfoinatologý Reference is made to
Canadian Air Force policy in dealing with cases ul diabetes
mellilus in anrcew members Author
N72-1912ON Royal Air Force Farnborough 11:ngland
TECHNICAL EVALUATION OF THE AEROSPACE MEDICAL
PANEL SPECIALISTS MEETING ON LINEAR ACCELERA-
TIO0i (IMPACT TYPE)
I
Royal Air Force Farnfloroiuqt linglandil
Nf72 1411 lji D H- Glxsisef In AGARD Linear Acceleration o, lipact Type
PSYCHIATRIC CASUALTIES AMONG AIACREW OF THE 26 Jun 1971 4 p (See N72 19119 10 05)
ROYAL AIR FORCE OF 17REAT BRITAIN FOR TEN YEARS Avail NirS HCS600'MF S095
1959 TO 1968 Crash injury esee~r~h is discussed, including F -riynfamics of
P I lcurinnnr In AGARn Clinr-a Causes for C-ndnonlri Nov impact, injury -echanisms and patfhology, and1 a torinques for
1971 4 p ýStt N72 140130 OF, 0o impact attenuation impact forces related to seat election. A
Avail NTIS facilities for impaci studies. impa~ct protection (restraint system).
The caures of 262 permanent groundirrys for lpsychaiaric and head protectron Oevices are ccrnsidered Recommendations
illness in the Royal Air Force are discussed in detail for t~ie ten for additional research are presented for crashworthiness.
years 1959 to 1968 One qu~riei of the cases were grounded standsardizaafion. head and ieck protctiron. electinin injury to the
for psychotic illness and three qfuarrers for neuroses and spine. aid soft tissue injuryi mechanisms JA M
personality disorders Psychiatric wastage accounts tot 10% of
the total med.-aI wastage Author N72.19121#f Army Aeromedical Research tab , Fort Rucker.
Ala
SvMPOSIUM ON LINEAR ACCELERATION OF IMPACT
N72 114111lv Institute of Aviation Meitirne Fli.,inrr~dst iWest TYP'E INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
Gernnanyi Edwatd J Baldes In AGARO Linear Acceleration of Impact
PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES FOR GROUNDING WITH Type 26 Jun 1971 5 p rafs (See N72-191 19 10-051
SPECIAL CONSIDERATION OF PSYCHOSOMATIC Arail NTI S HCS600!MF £095
GANDr E
SYDO andRHF P Gors NAGAR Clnia Cassltodynamrr and bioengineefning applications to operational
K ~
Gebf HPGorers pn in AGARD Clinica Cass problems in the intre rface, of man machine relationships are
urounding Nrov 1E7 rf ee N~ ~ýuOý0,reviewed Safety principles are discussed for reducing injuries
Onei thirdos l jontn~
On hr
Iplt
falgon-y
fpll
nh
nteG
iia ~ Data are presented on accidents in aircraft training programs and
mnAron highways Author
*Force within the last ten years woas iJue to .jsichological rýasons
This number is Surprisingly high cornsridering the fact that the
aviation psychologists rio riot routinely see every pilot 1: is the Nf72- 19122# Laboraturre IlIAC MoAcntlhery[Francet
task of the psychologists to selectI potential washiouts and to ECONOMIC PROCEDURES FOR SIMULATING THE
inveltigate the causes of trsycihophysical performance decrermentsEF CTOFLNA CLIS NSNVEW FSUD S
Anriety arid fear are analyzeid as flying stress reac.tioins T
Au~thoi OSF RESTRAINING DEVICES FOR HE PROTECTION OF
AUTOMOBILE OCCUPANTS IPROCEDES ECONOMIQUES
PUR SIMULER LES EFFETS DE COLLISIONS LINEAIRIES
N72 1411Iop Centre Principal d Errpertrsies Medicates du EN VUE DE L'ETUDIE DES DISPOSITIES DE RETENUE OU
Personnel Nav-gan' Paris (France) DE LA PROTECTION DE OCCUPANTS D'UN VEHICULE
FLIGHT GROUNDING FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND AUTOMOBILE1
PSYCHIATRIC REASONS [LES INTERDIC4IONS DE VOI. E Chapouxiand H LaGuen In AGAF1D Linear Acceleration of
POUR RAISONS PSYCHOLOGIOU~rS ET PSY- Impact Type 26 Jun 1971 16 p In FRENCH (See
CHIATRIQUESI N72 19119 10 051
Rena Gsfi~y In AGARD Urnicar Causes for Grounding Nov Avail NTIS HC S6 DOM17 SO096
1971 6 p In FRENCH (See N72 14090 05 05) An apparatus was designed and perfected for collision
AveRi NTlI% Ltudies Ahich in~c.tes; sioppir.q c,! jpas6&6r. oGjrr i Tt.(
Two sortt of pSyct'iopat!"liotlry :Ixst amongq aviators Tire equipment described is being used in many European laboratories
firstl is gene~ral vndep-rile-It of tihe siiti~n~rt s trriifn,,ir~al irfir Aird and prov-des many adivantages at a i-n-inal cost price
1
Is asslcrated with other astii-it1% f his In Tire "PC r.,I Trarist by K P 0
05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

N72-19123# institute of Aviation Medicine. Fuerstenfoldbruck

(West Germany)
Ayub K Omrn-aya and Arthur E Hirsch (NetIllHighway, Traffic
Safety Admin ) In AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact Type
99
I
I-
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INJURIES AND AIRCRAFT 26 Jun 1971 19 j rto' S~eeN72-19119 10 05j,
ACCIDENT RECONSIRUCTION Avail NTIS HC S6 00/MiFSO095
S kreft In AGARO Linear Acceleration of impact Type Expirerietal 'lata on head injury ate summarized in three
28 Jun 1971 11 p rafts ISe N72-191 19 10-05) subhuman prrmate species undergoing controlled direct head
Avail NTIS HCS6IY3/MF 5095 impact and indirect impulsivu head loading (whiplash) Testing of
The c6avelopment 3nd mechanics of injuries to aircraf' Hob-uurn a rotational hypothesis and the trenslation/cevritationI
~ssngers are examined The reconstructive conclsisions with hypothesis revealed discrepancies Data are presented' to show
respect to the sarquansce of events- thpt can be drawn from the that a combination of heat rotation anti skull divtortion mechanisms
type. appearance. location, extent, and severity of the external are most injurious for brain damage during both direct anid
and internal injuries sustained by the crash victims are discussed iritract impact Current mathemnatcal models with simultaneous
Investigations ate used to illustrate that owing to the injuries experimental testing in development are reviewed AuthorS
suffered in an aircraft accident the crash victims cart bear silent
witness and not only provide important clues but solid evidence
permitting a reconstruction of the sequence of events Author N72-19128#I Rochester Univ .NY School or Medicine

i
BIODYNAMICS OF SPORTS INJURIES
John D States In AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact Type
N72 19124# Royal Air Force Inst of Pathology and Tropical 26 Jun 1971 6 p rets (See N72-1t91 19 10-05)
Medicine. Aytesbury (England) Avail NTIS HCS600/MAFS09S
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO DECELERATION Helmets and restraint systems used in automobile racing.
JKMason In AGARD Linear Acceleration of impact Type modified football Shoe cleaits and release sku bindings have
28 Jun 1971 6 p rats (See N72-191 119 10-05) reduced the injury risks in these sports Knowlege of human
Avail NTIS HC $6 00/MF $0 95 injury tolerance was gained through the sutu~y oi sports accidents
Personal observations ot 340 fatal aircraft accidents are particularly the determination of injury mcrrhanrsms Injury
used to study a-mple confirmation of lacerations to victims The tolerance data determined in the laboratory was also useful inI
physical changes are described with reference to quantitation designing spo0rts safety eq)uipmtent Author
anrd
of differential
pulmrc diagnosis from natural disease The signilicarce
nary tissue embolism is emphiasized Author N72-1911291r Arnmy Board for Aviation Accident Research. Fort
ANALYSIS OF US ARMY HELICOPTER ACCIDENTS TO
N72-19126# Michigan Univ. Ann Arbor Inst of Science and DEFiNE IMPACT INJURY PROBLEMS
Techr~ologt Joseph L Haley. Jr In -GARD Linear Acceleration of impact4
MAN'S SURVIVABILITY OF EXTREME FORCES IN FREE Type 26 Jun 1971 13 p rets fSee N72-19119 10 051
FALL MPACTAvail NTIS HIC$6 00., MF $0 95
hicriaro Gr Snyder iri AGARD L,,.ea; Aoratic'.~n vf lmp2- Air -vria; .- iiv orf the oc ry~r cxpc-r:,;n.c :ý t12S
jpr~t
Type 26 Jun 1971 13 p refs (See N72-19119 10O0bI Army helicopters from January 1967 through Decerviber 1969 is
Avail NTIS HC $6 00. MF $0 95 presented These d~ata show thaI 40 percent of all occupant
Exposure to extreme forcers greats. than erxperimentally fatalities occurred in survivable accidents This percentage shows
tolarrable were studied through human accidental nr suicidal the need for turthrer improvemnent of helicopter crashworthiness
free falls Examples selected from nearly 30 000 free-tall cases The statistics further indicated that fire was the single targest
ill~us ate the r&no* of injury and fatality limits found under fatality cause with head injuuries next in rank A group of severe
venious coriditrorr Terminal velocity free-flats 53 64 m. sac 41 20 but survivable rielicoipter accidents of the same time period was
mph) writhcut benefit of parachute were survived by Sovicit studied The study included three types of Army helicopters
Freocl'. United Kingdom. and L. S pilots and paratroopers under S~tudy results inidicated that the problem of postcrash fire
erriergency ale'tion or ev, cuatron conditions Biophysrcal fatalities was more severe in the utility anc' (go helicopters It
boomechenica!. and biomedical variables, are discussed Results was also shown that potentially hazardous displacement of the
indicate that there is a complex balance between factors of transmission and main rotor blades occurred in one of every

megniluret. calculated rate of onset and event duration, body three utility and cargo tielicopter accidents studied Further a roll
axsi orientation, force distribution. and properties of the im;!,tecl about the long axis usually occurred At least one roll occurred in
surface Aul~o. 2 of 3 light observatrin helicopter accidents. 5 of 8 utility
tendency to roll highlights the need to consrder sideward
N72-19126# Association Peugeot-Renault. is Garonne-.Colombes occupant restraint and transmission, rotor blade moorings in
111rancolf Lab do Physiologist at do Briomecanique these helicopters Author
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO PASSIVE
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS (EFFICACITE COMPAREE DE
DEUX SYSTIMES DE RETINUE PASSIVEI N72-19130# Birmingham Univ lfnglandl Dept of Transporte-
Claude Tarriere lin AGARD Linear Acceleration of impact Type lIton
26 Juo 1971 13 p refs In FRENCH (Sae N72-1911t9 AN ASSESSMENT OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE RESTRAINTS
11O-O5t IN SERIOUS INJURY EUROPEAN CAR OCCUPANT
Avail NTIS HC $6 O/AF $095 COLLISIONS
Safety belts are discussed in regard to the optimization ot G3 Murray Mackay In AGARL Linear Acceleration of impactA
webtbing rigidity arid the utilization of shock absorbers at chest Type 26 Jun 1971 12 p refs (See N72-191 19 t0-051
level Performance level is compared to that of infalatble bags Avail NTIS C $6 00iMF SO095
Completely passive, automatic belts are considered Experimental A field study of road accidents numbering 105 vehicles
data are presented in terms of improving global efficacy various selected from the severe and fatal -jrury end of thie infury
highway accident types, and the cost-efficiency ratio spectrumn are examined The inciderce Of varioLus crash
Tiansl by K P D configurations is outlined, together with the objects struck, and
the rate with which the passenger compartment is penetrated
The relative frequencies of side impacts. and multiple and
N72-19127#N~atnonal !nstioutoc o! Hea!tih Elrilesdo %Au complexi collisions are desycrib~ed Each collision is examined in
National tinat of NeurAOlogica Diseases and Stroke ferms of the reduction in injuries to front seat occupants which
PROTECTION OF THE $MAIN FROM INJURY DURING might be obteined if an ar 'ag wvas present in a similar rmanrrer
IMPACT: EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES IN THE SBIOMECHAN each collision is examined to assess the benefit if a hrp diagonal
ICS OF HEAD INJURY oeat belt were worn An overall judgement is therefore obla ned
 --

100 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

on the relative benefris obtainable from airbags and belts Belts animal experiments, and for applying the models in protection
are shown to be superior because they provide protection in a eng~neering. such ad%escape and restraint systems design. are
greater range of collision types If a belt wear r.ite exceeding deimonstrated There '% need for further experimental as well as
some 63% lotr drivers and 85% for front pa..sengers were theoretical work. in support of these prac:rcal biomedical and
oOtained the ) belts provide greater benefits that eirbags The hardware requirements Author
importance 0f intrusion into the passenger compartment, especially
irn fatal collistons is emphasized as a restriction on restraint
effectiveness in present day European car designs Author N72-19134# Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and
Research. Albuquerque. N Max
THE BIODYNAMICS OF AIR BLAST
1N72-19131* Naval Aerospace Medics' Research Lab. Njw OCayton S White. Ro6ert K Jones. Edw5!., G Damon. E Royce
Orleans La Fletcher. and Dotiald R Richmond In P,6ARD Linear Acceleration
HUMAN DYNAMIC RESPONSE TO MINUS GX IMPACT of Impact Type 26 Jun 197' 21 p rtes Sponsored by
ACCELERATION rjASA and AEC (See N72-19119 10-05)
*Ohanning L Ewing and Daniel J Thomas In AGARD Linear Avail NTIS HC$6.O0/MF$095
Acceleration of Impact Type 26 Jun 1971 12 p refs (Sea After pointing out that accelerative and decelerative event,
N72 19119 I0-05) are associated with the direct and indirect effects of exposure to

Avail NTIS HCS600.'MFS095 blest-inducaed winds and pressure va;iations. some of the
The purposes of the study were fourfold Ill to measure relevant biophysical parameters were selectively noted and
precisely the complete input acceleration to the hear. and neck discussed These includeo the pressure-time relatio:nship. species
measured at the fi;st thoracic vertebra (2) to measure precisely differences, ambient pressure effects, the significance of positional
the dynamic response of the head and neck to the input (orientational) and geometric (Situational) factors as they influence
acceleration. Q3) to develop a method of obtaining the data in the wave form. the pressure dose and the biologic response, and
such a form that automatic data processing may be used and data bearing up.i-n the etiology of blast injury The consequences
1(4) to develop and validate a general methcd for the experimental of pre!sure-indu:ed violent implosion of the body well and the
measu:ement of the bioengineering cha.acteristics of the human significance of the a.sociated variationn in the internal gas and
body with such precision accuracy. and repeatability that a fluid pressures smuredescribed and emphasized, as were alternating
mathematical model of the human dynamic response to Impact phases of forced hemorrhage and arterial air embolization. fibrin
acceleration can be constructed Author thrombi coagulrtion anomalies and renial. cardiac and pulmonary
sequelee Tentative biomedical cnitera consistent with recent
Ainterspecius scaling and modeling studies for assessing primary
N72119132is Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab New blast hazards were presented Author

Orleans, La
THEORETICAL MECHANICS FOR EXPRESSING IMPACT
ACCELEflATIVE RESPONSE OF HUMAN BEINGS
Daniel J Thomas and Channing L Ewing In AGARD Linear N72-19135s Department of Transportation. Washington. I C
kcceieatrnn ni Impect Type 26 Jun 1971 7 p refs (See Netl Highway Traffic Safety Administration
N72119119 10-05) LETHAL EFFECTS ON MAN OF UNDERWATER D-TONA
Avail NTIS HC$600/MFSO95 TION OF A FIRECRACKER
The theoretical requirements for express:ng the kinematics Arthur E Hirsch and Ayub K Ommaya INIH) In AGARD Linear
of ruman impact acceleration experimentatioi, are presented Acceleration of lmpact Type 26 Jun 1971 5 p refs (See
Two basic coordinate systems for expression oi the kinematic N72 19119 10-05)
information are identified as (1) the body reference frame Avail NTIS HC $6 00. MF $035
defined in terms of the exparinianitl subjects anatonty (2) the A firecracker exploded :n contact with the skin within six
laboratory reference frame A general set of rules Icr deriving inches of the skull base in F,. young man while he was swimming
these coordinate systems is described Variables and pa~ameters underwater The resultant %ravers hoead injury and death appeared
are defined in terms of the general set of rules The risulting to be direct;y related to this underwater explosion Reconstruction
descriptions are compared with definions for use in prolnged
acceleration Author of the mechanics
suueacted to impact tt'.s injurybetween
of finergies indicate 440
that to
when
1800thein-lb
headand
is

impz,:t *mpulse between 1 8 to 35 Ibsec , both skull fracture

and brain injury ca:i occur Author

N72-19133# Aerospace Medical Research Labs . Vright-

Patterson ai-t Ohio Biodynamics and Bionics Div N72-19136si Institutes fuer Wehrmedizin und Hygiene. Koblent
BIODYNAMIC N4ODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS (West Germany)
Hening E vonGie'.,te In AGARO Linear Acceleration of Impact HUMAN STRESS LOADS INDUCED THROUGH SIMUL-
"rpe 26 Jun 197. tR p refs (See N72 19119 10-05) ATED PRESSURES ON UNDERGROUND SHELTERS
Avail NTIS HCS6 01LMF S0 95 G Klernhanss and H Dupuis (Technischon Univ , Munich) In
Progress in mode.ng the mechanical response of man AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact Type 26 Jun 1971
exposed to various environi.;ental forces is discussed Starting 9 p refs (See N72-19119 10-05)
with a mx'hbmatical description )f the mechanical and physical Avail NTIS HC $600 MF $095
characteristics of the integument soft and hard tissue, the Wvithin the constraints of a simulated nuclear strike, the
numerous approaches taken ard the results obl*.aned from human stress loads to be expected were assessed through
modeling various integrated elements stch as the human physical measurements taken on dummies placed in an
vertebral column urder vibration and impact Iisds. the chest end underground shelter Results verified that under the given
respiratory system under vibratory and blast lo.lds and of the conditions, exposure to shock would not cause detrimental
whole body system for selected !orce input roqditions and effects to the health or a reduction in efficiency. due to physical
locations are reviewed To derive a capability 3f modeling factors, of operators manning contiol desks in the undeground
specific inlury modes oi exper~mentally observed probabihtlits of shelter It is pointed out that resultt obtained on dummies may
injury curves for various parenchymatous and hollov, organs as a be applied Analogously to man only to a limited extent since no
function ol the f')rco input vayiables, more detailed at d speclized dummies showing human physiological and dynamic behavior
models are being used such as. for example. the lumped were available The assessment results apply only to the
parameter, discrete parameter. and continuum mode. of the movement vectors observed during this test on shelter floor and
bVmrieuf iriu.iels conrsidelrng r rnhlnnAr ttisuc bcha'.tor The ýtjtus wall% Conceivably other vector variations may produce
arnJ value of these models for stuityrn.l the body$ inhysicai and fundamentally different results The measuring date related to
physiological response, for understanding and predicting ri.iury three different seaing arrangements indicate technical possibilities
mechanisms and probability of injury. to Scaling the resJlts of for shock reduz-ion Author
 0OSBIOTECHNOLOGY 1011

N72.1 911317q Army Aeromed~cal Research Lab. Fort Rucker. ooaitsfrtevrerlclm sause yrdorpr
Ala Evluaton n,
an roe;'nerin nd gross necropsy examinatiorn supplement and explain. available
PARACHUTING IMPACT INJURIES AT HIGH DROP ZONIE knowledge on spirral injury mechanisms observed in the rhesus
ELEVATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS monkiet Author
Stai-ley C Knapp and Gaouge A McCahain. Jr fin AGARD
urica- Aczeluration of impact Type 26 Jun 1971 9 p refs
I ýee N72 19t119 10 051 N72-19140.i SIrathclydo Univ. Glasgowl ISco~larrd Broengineer
Acedi N~l tICI $6 00 MF $0 95 ing Unit
A :uirew of parachuting injuries that are directly related to THE MECHANICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIS
ýcceiiarauve finces and~ impact is presented The available and TICS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
valiu rnfcu,-yprejdri-lion statisti~s for a wide vasietyof parachuting "ran Finley John H- Ev:ats.James F North Toni Gibson. end
actieeirris is liscuissed The environmental effects of wind sihear Robert M Kenedi Ir AfiARI) Linea, Acceleration (if Irririact
surfld v ind theinnlu. densiny altitude, terrain and
ovciy Tyipe 2C Feb 19! 1 10 p refs (See N72 19119 10 051
c~,.r.aseii
-- ratesof descent, and temperature var~ations Avail NTIS MC S600,MF$SO95
cpl,:. i rr.(rbidity are analyzed These effects were determined A retip-; ot test proceduies is described -i detail and typical
CLi-Iig vrpe rimirnt% at 6 000 r.rd 10.000 feel drop zone altitudeis data are given for humen skin to illustrate the rate sensitive
tisr.nj lii. 32 foet parabritic apisx vented-static line deployed noin-l-.ivarities thiat may be encountered with these materials
~ '.~IrLjury rates v'e... tour tines greatar than throse C-terra ised to assess the failure of a tissue are: considereci on
eqs .T&ei*orlit,crier ced at sea level elevations The conclusionA the basis of impairment of physiological functicin (he normal
andfvsi remzienedit Pins will be of practical value in the training structure ot skin and its response to stress is illusrited by the
and kutfiti-ii of parachutists for lumps into hight elevation drop us of the scanning electiron microscope and tire consrnuctron of
ztr is Author a tendon model is dlesic;ibied befoire finally assessing tlz: wriole
proicess of tissuemodelling Author

N72 19138,. Itaiian Air Force Aerospace Medical Center. N2~~aHge olC ucrCt.ClfArrf i

BEHAVIOUR OF SOME SERUM ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN DESIGNING HELICOPTERS FOR IMPROVED CRASH
MAN. AFTER CRASH ACCIDENTS. CAUSING MASSIVE SURVIVABILITY c02
INJURIES Henry G Smith fIn AGARO Linear Acceleration ofl impact Type
G Paoluti;c. G Blundo. and A Balla Mt AGARO Linear 26 Jun 1971 14 p refs iSee N72 19119 t0O051
Acceierz~ton ot impact Type 26 Jur 1971 5 p refs 1504r Avail NTIS HC. $600 ME $095
N72 191 19 10 05) The fundamental theory for providing~ attenuation of the
Avail NTIS HC Sif -Jh MF SC 95 crash irrpactis reviewed wrthiomphasis upon understanding the
0Os~rira!-.ns welt~ iricd- of blood s-erum enzyme activities relationship of the fundanrenital parameters of the problem
in an eflunito verify the fac~t that such activity Causes massive Based upon operating statistical data i, regard to potentially
injuries arid fractures to the human body Several peaple SLryiable crashes, along with engineering studies of any new
involved i-i severe road accidents -Nore observed for activities of helicopter design, design objectives can be established for the
the foilioinq eraviries ill cirJrxlm.C OvataLOtIC transemitase level of crash protection to be prucrided fui Itiv ý,.fjr.iiix rIi
(rOTi. i2, ULiutamic pyruvic transaminase ;GPTI. Q3) Lactate and problems of this type. a tradeoff always evists between size and
Malale Icniifdogenase (LDP MHI1 (41 Adallose (ALO). (5) weight penalties incurred for crash survivability versus the value
Alkaline phosphates ;ALKPI. (61 Acid phosphate (AcP) Results of that same amount of sizis or weight for performance. payfoad.
show scirne enzyme iactritiieý increase in the most severely armor or armament Methodls of ittenuatinf; or absorbing the

,injured subjects and trial a ecirrelatior, exists berween some crash impact in a gradual manner ar lxh, key to the provision of
enzymle attivilies and bo~dy Junriage Fle-sulls also indlicaie the high, crash protection le.els while imposing minimum weight
possrbility of evaluating the I:egree of body damage from certain penalt, upon the helicopter Operating experience confirms that
enzymne ilctivities and that some enzymes anallfses. especially improved helicopter Crash survivability can actually be obtained
GOT. m'.y cre iselul for diagnosis and mnedic-o legal judgements in a miftla.v operational environment in addition to the
Author rmprovermenr o! survivahditt,. improved morale of the crew
members WaS a side benefit The current trendsr of crash
protection lor new hel-coptet designs are discussed with
N72 191394 Aerospace Medical Research tabs Wright implications of further improvement from the Crash survivability

Parsersoir AFO O~hi standpoint in future helicopters Author

THE DYNAMIC BIOMECHANICAL NATURE OF SPINAL i
FRACTURES AND ARTICULAR FACET DERANGEMENT a n ufl
LenEkiIa.Dl odadHnigFývnireI 7-944CtolArnuia
AGARD unear Acceleration of Impact Type 26 Jun 1971 AUTOMOBILE STRUCTURAL CRASHWORTHINESS
25 p rels :See N72 191 19 10 05) CONCEPTS FOR CRASH PR0OECTION
IAMAI. TR 71 17) Avai NrIS HC S6 0O.MF SO9!b Patrick M Miller in AGARO Linear Acceleration of impact Type
Through the application of appropriate scaling laws animal 26 Jun 1971 16 p rats ISee N72 191 19 10 05)

arc shown t0 be of value ini Contract DOT FH 11.69181

:speriments.hard
xptarninil tissue on
particufary primates
uitiiy mechanisms and indrvidual organ Aviai NTIS HC 5600'1MF $095
injury potential in man exposed to impact forces In Support Of A series of full scabt automobilyý crash tests were condrted
this approach rhesu; monkeys were an-esthetized radiographed to determine the structural crash ,orthiness performanoct of
positonad in an impact carriage restrained by lap belt torso conventional automobiles and to evaluate the performance r'
harness. arid limb) retention stiraps And exposed to -Gz seated structurral concepts designed to provide protection during frontal
rectangular acceleration time historres from ciredpeteinined diop and tateriat impacts with fixed objects C~ondrtrornS believed to be
heighits Shortly u~Iic-vng impact all prrimatev were radiographed representative of ssevere single vehicle accidents, wheref-
killed. arid a necropisy perlo-rred Attempts were made by automobilesi impact narrow obstacles were developed arnd used
mefans of an injury classificatir)n system to determine injury in the study The objectivyes of the siructural modification, were
poitential a,, a functron of plateau accelerationi and pulse dt.ration to produc.2 a more uniform energy absorptiton i e more uniform
fo- !he spi...al column Type f'ecjuenct' and severrty of vertebral rtecejerntions near 40 q s ard 20 g s respe~ctivety for frontal and
borty cgntrum fractures atorig with injury to the vertebral lateral collisions The frontal st'uctural modifications considered
apjptndlages weie classifrmid Vertebral articular facets spolphyseaf both Iront ;.d near engine u.h,icfe designs; and were evaluated
ltonit di'luiie-b -ji~ .iiaixi.ar Wrac dfc.r tc :deri!-fy ildr p wrii, a uI-
polo ... iwhole. the collision
iii-
radiograobrically due to pooi Xt ray Lim resolution. overlying Soft speeds ranged from 35 MPH- to 611' MPH These structural
*t~isuC. anit bony may-iu shadows Nitcropty derirontratenl a modifications were designed so that the entire distance in front
o larget percentage of priviates rxtinrbiled this type of lesinin Injury of the oassengeir compartinerenl could beusdfrerg
102 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

absorption- The results demonstrated that the modifications N72-191460 Centre d Essais en Vol. Bretigny sur-Orge (France)
when coupled with this restraint system provide for a force Lab de Medecine Aerospatiale
limiting system on the occupant for ths range of impact EJECTION ACCELERATION PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS.
conditions Author TOLERANCE (ACCELERATIONS A LEJECTION- MOYENS
D*ETUDE EFFETS PHYSIOLOGIOUES, TOLERANCEI
R Auffret H Serns. J Demange. and R P Delahaye In AGARD
N72 19143# Wright Co Kettering. Ohio
ARMOR MATERIALS FOR LIFE SUPPORT
Robert Fred Rolsten. Joseph G Dunleavyr and Edward G budine
Lineat Acceleration of Impact Type
In FRENCH (See N72 19119 10-05)
Avail NTIS HC $600/MF $095
26 J-jn 1971 6 p refs
I
In AGARD Linear Acceteraton of Impact Type 20 Jun 1971 The physio4ogical effects of acceleration and election on
14 p rts ,See N12-19119 10-05) man are stud-ed witl. the aid of a centrifuge Major efforts were
Avail NTIl HC $6 00,MF S0 95 made to establish human tolerance to different acceleration
A historical review of armor personnnel protoctive devices is stresses and determine the occurence of lumbosacral spinal
presented together with the philosophry of the ue disuse of injuries. paiirculady ,ntervertebral disks The characteristics and
armor The current levels of protection, armor deeigns and performance of the centrifuge are included Transl by E H W
materials state-of-the-art are discussed Autlot

N72-19147e Royal Aircrah Establishment. Fatnborouglh

N72 19144j Deputy Inspectur General for InSpei.tlOn and (England) Human Engineering Div
Safety IAL,Force) NO~lOAFS. O ON.aMd BLAST TESTING AC RCREW ESCAPE ET UIPIVIENT
OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF FORCES ON MAN DURING INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF A NEW TRANSONIC TES•T
EJECTION. EXTRACTION ESCAPE IN THE US AIR FORCE. FACILITY
1 JANUARY 1908 31 DECEMBER 1970 J MA Rayne In AGARD Linear Acceicrition of Impa:t Typc
Robert H Shannon In AGARD linear Acceleration of Impact 26 Jin 1971 8 p refs (See N72-19119 10-05f
T
ype 26 Jun 1971 8p(See N72-19119 10-0) Avaer NTIS HCS600,MF$095
Avail NTIS HC S60O!Mi $095 The design of a facility and its performance in determining
A study of 468 efections in the United States Air Force the offectiveness of aecrew equipment to aii blasts up to Mach
IUSAF) reported duirig the period I January 1968 to December 1 3 are discus.sed In this device the air speed decay profile is
1970 disclosed that one in nine crew nembers involved received programmed and can be made to simulate a range of post
ma or or fetal injuries as a result of forces encountered from election conditions from sea level to altitude Tests on a
system initiation to parachute opening In 49 cases the injuries protective helmet demonstrate that it will probably be practicable
received were classified as major inonfatalj and three crew tIn give head protection up to about 700 kit at sea level
members were fatally injured The majority of the mijor injuries However failures of the visor which have occurred show that
were attributed to the initial forces ol election and wire primarily explosive disintegration of the whole helmet follows at air
compression fractures of the vertebral column TPetse injuries speeds from 600 kt upwards Helmet and visor failures usualy
W ý-hn.!.
uc.- h f-"Cr 10
.. ncc, fý! cepoczrc z'd !t-c !)!a- Olc !-3!' 'nr
ýc
that the maximum accelerations of the catapults in use today are regarded as an impact In testing helmets therefore, the trIal
well below human tolerances The major factors which influence duration of exposure t( severe blast does not appear to be
the incidence of election fo;ce 'nluries are the type catapult important On the other hand. fabric is destroyed by the effects
used. election posture, and age of the individual involved Of the of flutter and the extent of damage seems to be time depenJent
three election posture appears to be the single most critical The'efore in testing fabric protective equipment the shape if the
factor The correlation of the individuals weight by type air flow decay curve may well be important Author
catapult was not remarkable The frequency of inlurirs attributed
tu 0-forces showed a sign-ficant increase over previous studies
of USAF election escape experience Although the incidence of N72 19148A Centre d Essais en Vol Bretigny sur-Orge lFrance)
high speed elections has increased only slightly Q-force inluries RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SPINAL INJURIES TO PILOTS
occurred in 4 percent of all nonfatal elections and accounted for UNDERGOING SUDDEN EJECTION (ETUDE RADIOLOGI.
12 percent of the total major inluires Author QUE DES LESIONS OU RACHIS CHEZ LES PILOTES
AYANT SUBI UNE EJECTION:
R P Delahaye. H Seris. R Auffrel. G Gueffier. and P J
N72-19145 Louyhborough Univ of Technology (E:ngland! Metges /n AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact Type
Dept Ergonomics and Cybernetics 26 Jun 1971 8 p refs In FRENCH (See N72 19t1 0,r)
MEASUREME14T OF HUMAN RESPONS11>6 IJUURNG Avail NTiS HC.S6 CO/MF o095
IMPACT Spinal injuries to pilctn cZu~cd by sudden riection are
J Sandover In AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact Type studied rndr:.o-yaiilly The study was made in ýn attempt to
26 )un 1971 12 p ref (See N72 19119 10.rll determine the exact traumatic inlury the verleb;ae involved t-re
Avail NTIS HC S6 00. MF $095 localization. and the type of fractures 1 he f~actures .aused by
In response to a need for information on the dynamic the propulsion of the electron seat are also studied It was
propp rtIes of man when using election seats eiuipment has determined that the election seat i,s-all, caused injuries to the
beer developed to simulate the transient acceleration of epeLtion 6th 7th and 8th vertebrae it was also deermined that the
The eiuipment. and the data acquiailt-on and processing systems positron of the pilot ip.Jn ejectior, co itributes ýo spinal injuries
are described The apparatus was used for mechanical impedance Transl by E H V
studies and performs adequately up to 30 Hz The present
informatron on the
experimental
variations of prcgram
mechanical responseto ofproide
is designed individual SUblejrlý and N72 191491 Hellenic Air Force General Hospital Athens
between subjects in a relatively restrictive experiment leg hard lGreecel Orthopaedic Vept
seat upright posture low acceleration levelsi The experin-ran, SOME OBSERVATIOurNS ON COMPF"FSSION FRACTURES
so far indirate the existence of a series resonance at 9 !, 10 OF THE SPINE IV. EJECTED GREEK PILOTS
lit The use of mechanical impedance te,.hniquec lead3 to Pan P Symeor-des In AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact
accurate measurement of mechanical response it the input to Type 26 Jr. 1971 3 p refs See ;72 19119 10 051 "
the body but does not offer a great dear of evidence for the Avail NTI$ HC $6 00. MF $095
2qyt!..iiiOn nf derailel models For *,irs reason internal and The causes of compression i:actires in Greek pilots during
external ,ransmissibility measur:ments are advocated Some the deLade 1 IbU- ltbtj were ,nve~stiijatlxr Re-uplti ti duzey
preliminary transmissibil,.y r-easurements are recorded ty pilots with such fractures was studied It was found that 18
Cons.dered of the hItearýg ar-id the transmissibility measurements percent of the elected pilots suslair-ed compre-ssion fractJiris of
indicates rleficie,irr-s in many models ol the body and the need the spine All fractures occurred durrng election and -.,ere located
for a simple d.rect approach Author ar the dorsolumbar region of the spine (T1 Ii.. L3r There was

-4

~~.i
 - --

05 BIOTECHNOLOGY 103

sufficient evidence that excessive tightening of the election seat to launch a car against an obstacle and the re:Osons ire gin orn
belts (shoulder-butiocksl produces a permanent flexion of the why the catapult syslemn was preferred This system Z"s4:%- .
spine which thus becomes more vulne-able during election If the possbdrty of launching a car indoor, it is snmplrt and of low Cost
wedging of a vertebra following a fracture does not exceed 1/3 and has a high operational flexibility A desc iption is given of
of the height of the vertebral body and the symptoms are mild the low and medium speed impact catapult and of the new
enough the pilot may return to the active service as let pilot If catapult for collisions at Up to 80 km h cf cars up to 2000
wedging is greater than 1/3- he should not resume his previous weight The catapult design diagrams are grven. The control and
duties either as lei of helicopter pilot because the created local operation devices and the measuring instrumnentation, are 1
kyphosis of the spine renders the neighboring vertebrae more described The different typer of test run with the catapult are
vulnerable Author illustrated They include I1) head-on collision against barrier at

90 degrees or at other angles of approach (2) side impact

against stationary car. (31 rear end collsion. I4) wedging under
N72 19150# Civil Aeromedical In~t. Oklahoma City. Okla stationary truck front, side or tail. •5) launching of car. raised
Protection and Survival Lab clear of ground and placed transversally on the trolley to
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR IMPACT TEST FACILI. simulate the side skiddirg impact against barrier 0, pole (6I
TIES sudden braking of a complete car to study the behavior of
Richard F Chandler In AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact dummies in their impact against passenger compartment inter.or
Type 26 Jun 1971 10 p refs (See N72-19119 10-05) I7l sudden braking of a dolly. on which a dummy is installed to
Avail NTIS HC $60O/MF$095 study seat belts lor other restrarrit) or the impa t of driver
With the advent of World WAr 2 pilot shortage necesitated against steering wheel Author
scientific investigation of the cau;ses of crash injury These early
investigations made use of a variety of test facilities. including
swing seats. acceleration towers, drop towers, acceleration N72.19154# Motor Industry rteisearch Association. Lindley
tracks and deceleration tracks The facilities served as a bass (England)
for similar devices in use today The purpose of in,;se racilitie is THE MIRA VEHICLE IMPACT TEST FACILITY
to produce a controlled impact representative of an actual crash T R Aston In AGARD Lnneir Acceleration of Impact Type
Good s-mulatiovi of the magnitude of acceleration changes is 26 Jun 1971 8 p (See N72 13119 10.05)
possible on these facilities, but none provide exact replication of Avail NTIS H C S6 00 MIF $0S 95
ioe change in acceleration direction which is experienced in a Tests were conducted out of dOors initially, but with the
crash Author inl.oductron of leg.slatton a la:ge number of certification and
compliance tests became necelm ,ary and mainly because of the
unpredictable climrate in the U Ii . it was found necess..ry to build
N72 1911'II Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine an indoor test rig On this test tig a linear induction motor iS
Farnborough lEngland) used as the prime mover arid it is capable of accelerating
A LINEAR DECELERATION TRACK 4 vehicles of up to 10000 lb ii weight to any speed up to 30
SF G /,hivzAGAnDO Lrior C.croatro c !I-puc' Typ-r -pir; Src,;al rmnvinn was male for htqhospeed cne ohotography
216 Jun 1971 9 p (See N72 19119 10-05) arid electronic instrumentaticr and the entire test rig 1!
Avail NTIS HC $600 MF $0 95 autcamatcally controlled In order tu safeguard personnel a
'he hir,nur decelerator is housed in a building 52 m ( 170 hi comprehensive safety interlock system was ii corporated Author
,on% i. lhas a track length of 4S m 1150 h) The 545 lkg 11200
Ib) test vah.cle is capable of carrying a payload of 160 kg (350
lb) and is propelled by rubber bungee ropes It can aria n a peak N72.19155/ Nalionzr Bureau of Standards Washington. D C
velocity of 23 meties,'-cnnd (75 ft.; sec) The arrester mechanism THE MATHEMATICS OF IMPACT. AND CRASH TESTS
is capable of producir.j a peak vehicle deceleration of up to 509 OF AIRPLANE AIRBAG RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
and consists of & steel cable harnes:, stretched across the track. Carl C Clark In AGARD Linear Acceleration of Impact Type
each end being connected to the piston of a hydraulic cylinder 26 Jun 1971 8 p refs fSee N72 19119 10 05)
When the vehicle displaces the cables, movement of the pistons Auail NTIS HC $600. MF $0 35
squeezes hydraulic fluid from each cylinder through a metered The r sub x. g sub y. and g sub z linear acceleration and r
orifice resultung in a controlled deceleration force on the vehicle dot sub x. r dot sub y. and r dot sub z angular acceleration
"The profile shapes availaole are a half sine wave. a s-ne wave terminology (the latter representing radians,.'sec sqI is rev ewed
with a 50 millisecond plateau, a double peak or a triple peak It Is urged that fhe roepresentation of human acceleration
Gravity onset rates can be varied from 60g.. second to environments by accelerometers te filtered to be nat (with less
7
539. second Authu, flair 0 0 dý eaia;;t;Os;h rc;,- o: rOmn 0 to 240 Hertrz
!e 1
indthen
attenuated above 240 Hz at 12 db per octave. in preference to
the more common repsiesentation by ac accelerometers Iflat from
N72•19162# Max-Planck lnstitut fuer Arbeilsphysrologie. about 10 1o 2000 Hertz) Thrs lo.rteo representation often
Dortmund (West Germany) obscures biologically impertal i accee'rations in fnetPi ringing
AN ELECTRO HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FOR SIMULATIONS spikes Illustraliorns are drawn from crash studies of airplane
OF COLLISIONS airbag restiaint systems and from mathematical representations
W Lange in AGARO Linenr Acceleration of Impact Type of passenger comparlment loads for autor',obile crashes of
26 Jun 1971 4 p (See N72 19119 10.05) various types Author
Avail NTIS HC$6.00'MF $095
Equipment is described which is used in simulations of
automobile collisions The device consists mainly of a guided N72-19166A Michigan Univ Ann Arbor
sled on which the cabin can be mounted forward obliquely
laeal.o acwrIh lOMECH-ANICS" OF nEST;Arn0 AND IMPACT Ar."ENUA.
laterally sled. which ican be accelerated
h Irbcwr 7ION SYSTEMS
between 0 and 30 g. ispiston powered and controlled by aVene L Robnris arid James H McFlhaney ir AGARD Uneur
elc~oyrah clpu•Mechanical. hydreuohc and eletrical Acceleration of impact Type 245 J,,r. 1971 9 D rMls (See
design fectures as well as the recording system are described N72 19119 10-0j)
Author 57-91
Aad NTIS HCOCrS60O..MF %OSD
The methouofogv a-ic ;ets.I iron rese:,rch program
N72 19153? Fie! S•pA .. TJrn (lly' concerning the pr:ntacive aspects ,. pass.ve tristra,nt Systems
FIAT C.A.TAPULTS are provided The criteria whi.h should be use-j in the evaluation
E rranchin I/n AGARO Linear Acceleratlifn of Impact Type of passive ,e t-aints ate provdel arid the experimental and

26 Jun 1971 8 p refs ISee N72 19119 10-05) an. lyrcal too s to define restraint perlo:mancH are discussed
Avail NTIS HC $6 00; MF S 95 Research inc' cafes that passive reslra-ns can provide protection
An outline is drawn of several propuiruvri systes•s adopted equral to tiat provided 'y belt syl:eros and ihat , paisive

LI~__-
 104 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

prestreintimumt bproecutyionegad eic Aihuht

iteror both weight and size would be desirable. but current standards
provde otimu proectrn Auhorof p-otection should beo maintained The impact lest method
used in helmet development should take accident findings into
account and should involve a small number of high energy
N72-19167* Aerospace Medical Research Labs. Wright blews Author
Patterson AFS. Ohio
RESTRAINT DESIGN LABORATORY TEST AND
EVALUATION OF OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
James W Brinkley and John T Shaffer In AGARO Linear N72-191610 Michigan Univ .Ann Arbor Siomnechanics Dept
Acceleration of impact Type 26 Jun 1971 7 p refs (See THE BIOMECHANICAL ASPECTS OF CRASH HEIMET
N72 19119 10-05) DESIGN
Avail NTIS HC St OO,'MF $0 95 James H McElhaney. Verne L Roberts. arro Richard L Stalnaker
Methodls used to design contemporary personal Mlight In AGARO Linear Acceleration of Impact Type 26 Jun 1971
equipment. such as restraint systems and election seat cushions. 8 p refs (See N72 19119 110-0511
are presunted Emphasis is placed on the acceleration pro-ection Avail NTIS HC S6C,0/MF $095
aspects of the desrgn Both analytical modeling and experimental A head injury model capable of predicting head injury
determination of material charadte istics are discusser! through a maximum strain criteria was developed This model is
Exivereimental results of laboratory impact test evaluations of coupled to a helmet model and the combination allows the
tliree items of personal equipment using human subjects are prediction of optimum helmet performance characteristics within
presented These experiments include an evaluation of three a given sel of constraints including size and weight Several
operational restraint harnesses at -g sub x acceleration levels up model exercises conisisting of varying coupiing paramirters are
to 15 g. a study of the acceleration tran~smission chc acterlstics presented It was concluded that helmet performance is improved
of election seat cushions, and work completed in) the study of by decreasing elastic stillness and increasing damping properties
acceleration protection provided by raprdly deployed air bag Author
restraint systems The implications of the experimenital findoigs
are discussed and related to operational experience Aulthor lk,,2-119162 M L A-iction Co Ltd. Maidenrhead (Englatid)
THE OESIGN AND DEVCLOPMENI TESTING OF AIRCRIEW
PACOTEUNVE HELMETS
JGreaort In 15ARD Linear Acceleration of Impact Tvoe
N?2-1916.8# Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Mcdic.. i`5 iin 1971 7 p (See N72 19119 10 05)
Famorniiough (Englandil Avail NTIS HC S6 00 MF$0 95
A CASE FOR THE NEGA1I@Vll`. STAAu- Problems. of dlestgn resolution are discussed for effecting a
R C Reade Ir AGARO Linear Akccele'.liun of lr--i ct Type compromise between conflicting requirements for flight helmets 4
rafs (See N72 19119 10-05) Thr7 sir need to protectRihcrwm besfmal
Avail NTIS 4C ýl,1OOIMF SO 95 possrble consequences of a hostile environment while allowing
The addilonri I a negative-g strap is proposed it ordftr to hirr to carry out his primary purpose of flying or operating the
nvarrnmo soma nf tho iniirlevriarieý nf riorre-it restraint harri.. t-. a*--a" efh~r:! s3..i c!rc3m cc
Ziiri~ m.~cri: Zr:v4es r!
The effects of ae(,i atics. venbca: Vi~raliovr. and crash impact on helmet d'esign and componpnt assembly testing ire showsn in
a harnes~s are oeaeted And the way in which the negstive.9 sequences to indicate developmenr from initial Shape size
strap improves; restraint is res~cribed The advantages and conception and testing of individual components to full evaluation 1
disadvantages of negative g strazy, in harnesses are discussed, and teli.-W vi compiete prototypes Reference is made to the
anc ecalas of coostriction. location, and ,irblng are presented resign develoipment and testing of a general purpo~e military
Author airCuew protective helmet mask assembly nearing completion in
tl`-e U K Particular attention was ),Aid to keeping the all up
weight of the assembly under 1800 g and in addition to
N72-916p
PlncklnsiluIfue
Mx Arertshysoloie.conventional helmet facilities. incoiporat~nq an automatically
N72-1191159 Weat German,,istu ufAretpytlg lowering visor for a ,blast protectiont Author
SFVERE FRONTAL COLLISIONS A140 RESULTING
INtJURIES WITH AND W!THOUT RFSTP.Ak:NING DEVICES N296aS-l eoilFudto armno ai
W Lng inai/nAGRO cclertin o Ipac TpeEVALUATION AND TESTING OF PROTECTIVE HEADGEAR4
26 Jun 1971 10 p refs (See N72 19119 10 05) George G Snively in AGARD Linear i,-e-leration of Impact
Avail NTIS HC S6 00.MF $095 Type 26 Jun 1971 7 p (See N 72 1911IF 10 051
..h. t:ca
Qe~!s fronta cottr:.'orr we b*ref!j dG:c*1ccrb btrant EL. IJIX)t 11
Types and magnitudes of injuries sustained by cadavers depended Avail NTIS HC S6 00. M F SO 95
on 111l whether fir not they were restrained by safety bells Q)1 Review is made of factors which must be considered in
type and stillness of belts. (3) absence or presence of steering evaluating the performance of protective headgear Standards of
*ý.semteyfi and instrument panel and 41ll interactions between performance are considered and an analysis is piesented of
body. harness and structures in the driver s space Two pilot techniques utilized in helmet testing Special attention is given to
b:,irdies with air bags fielded conflicting results Author teats for penetration resistance, retention harness strenyth and
prorection against imrpact Author

P472 191160# Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine. ?473-19ld3* Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Fambr. ough lfngland) Development. Paris [France)
PR07ECTION OF THE HEAD PERFORMANCE AND BIODYKAMIC SIRESS. INFLUENCE
*J A Gileifs In AGARO Linear Acceleration of Impact Type OF INTERACTING STRESSES ON PERFORMANC
26 Jun 1971 3 p ISes N72 19119 10 05) Nov 197? 110 p refs Pro of AGARD Aerospace Mcdl
*Avail NTIS HCS$600. MF$095 Panel Specialist Meetorg Biussiris l uni 1972
The protective helmets developed to ameliorate the effects iAGARO CP 101t1 Avail NTIS H-C $7 50
of impact on the herei improve surirval and reduce injury in The interactions of oper-ational fl-fit stresses ancn their irffer:s
nrrcrah accidents however they would be aided by improve- on human performance are consrdered at tINS conference i-or
ants in retrlo systems anot bietfjr work space design idividual tifles see N73 19144 through N73 19i56
AicreOir tlnet,
hilci. &;irruld -I..iiuue l. Lie ;tgir%-,tj t.
deal *ith higl. energy rather than repetitive low energy. tb4ows N73 19144 Royal Aircraft Estahlrshment Farnborougin nEngland)
Thef multiple funictions of helmets mz~ie it difficult to meet all Envionmeiltal Effects Section
reqiiirements without excessivef size arnd weight Reduction in EARLY THCiJGHTS ON COMPOUND STRAINS
05 BIOTECHNOLOGY 105

Geoff Allen In AGARC) Performance and Siodyn Stress - 0 25 gz vibration combined with noise produced an adverse effect
Influence of Interacting Stresaers on Performance Nov 1972
8 p raft (For arvarlability "se N73 19143 (0-051
Jargon on the subject is briefly discussed. and it ts reasoned
0on the task The final investigalion was concerned with the effect
combined nloise and vib~ration stress had on cognitive par.
formance as a function Of timne of day The results iOdicale that
'
that the term compound strains may frequently bemr time of day dries not appear to be a Particularly strong variable
ja~ropn att. then combined stresses Two compound *train Author
peoblems of immediate and widespread importance. on which
there is an urCent nered toaincretse the present scanty informationI
are cited The first is the effects of other mental and physical '1948 tsiutofAirnMecn.Flghrt(Wt
stresses on the signal to noise ratios required iur co~nmunice. ,71-918 IntueofAainffdcnsFlghrtiet
tuon. the second, the biodynamics of vibratory motion sickness Germany)
pariclaly nhothr oas schasvison hstSOME
heineratin CRITICAL COMMENTS ON THE MEASUREMENT
paricuarlwihothr
th iterctin
ladssuc a viion hOtF IN-FLIGHT STRAINS
and odors Author W Hoffelt and K Gerbert In AGARD Performranrce and Boodyn c
M73-19146 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough (England) Stress - Influence of Interacting Stresses on Performance Nov
Hum,
cv1972
Egieerng 4 p refs (For availability see N73 19143 10-05)
A FLIGHT TEST PROGRAMME TO STUDY THE EFFECTS Ways and means for aviation physicians and aviation
OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES ON AIRCREW OPER psychologists to clarify the question of the overall stress imposed
ATING MILITARV' STRIKE AIRCRAFT on flying personnel are discu~sed Methodical difficulties are
M G Trumper Ir AC3ARO Performance and Biodyn Stress - presented which result especially iii the measurement of
Influence of interacting Stresses on Performance Nov 1972 psychophysiological reactions to flying stress Research psy-
6 p ets(ForavalablityseeN731914
10051chologicaf questionnaires and evaluation technissuas are the only
5 urign test pralaigtyr ise des73 1to14 btino05)iv means which offer partial assessment possibilities concerning
measurements of noise, vibration and temperature throughoutteprbmoflynsrssAtr
typicail profldes flown by military strikie aircraft, and, as far as is
poss~bte !" correlate the measurements wiirr-. arciew reactionN3-114 RoaAlFrc ni fAvtonMdie
and pr..'lnrrnance As a sec'.riddiy OZbrecI the program wil Fam3-19149 (Eoyalnid oc)Is lAitin Mdcn
inviest-gate the irselulness of a water coonfeil suit inistallation asanoiuh(Egad
a means of relieving aircrew rheirmal strir.s sii strike aircraft EMOTIONAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR STRESSES OF
AuhrCENTRIFUGATION EFFECT OF BETA RECEPTOR
AuthorBLOCKADE ON HEART RATE REIPONSE
N73 914 Rsearh Vdhsvv,,jhtP iteron0
Aeospae
Mdicl H (ilarsteo M F Allnutt. M H Hanrso~n and P Fennessy
N731916ArosaceMedcalReearh
(~rsWirrtPitersn Ini AGAHaP Performance and B~odyn Stress influenice of
AFB Ohio Interacting S~resses an Performance Nov 1912 13 p refsI
TWO EXPERIMENTS ON THE EFFECTS OF COMBINED iFor availability see N73-19143 IC-05)
HEAT. NOISE AND VIBRATION STRESS wnvfusujcswruediadob
Walter, F Grether In AGARD Performance and Bodyn inetwgaenty
lndtalo
e efoufsbects werbet useed ii blca de blnd trial to
btress - inrluence of intreactirng Sire%5es un Pe nvsiat h efc o ea denri bokdeo heha
8 ir rls ror 73 914
19'2 vaiabiitysee 1051tate response toi a-celeratron Oxpienolo; 0?2 mg koghodly weight
A192 T8 11 1ire
3 .fraalaiiyse 731131 5 or saline platebo was injected in paired trials and subjects
Cperaf-unal lirring Ohme exposs's crew members to coribina then performed a frackny task and submitted to three ce'-.trifuge
toesn of ie-vionmp~tal stresses To obtain a urinei understanding runs Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored continuously
0f such Lui,-Pclsi,,e~tiess er~ects a 'nimjor experiment wias zoniducted O~prenolol reduced iesting hearltrate, arnd abolished a steady
usirep final noise and vibratioin, both singly arid ini coinbinaton increase in baso line hearz ate seen in placebo eypefriments
Measarfemertis were made of trar-king ability choice reactic 'i and attributed to activation of the adrenil medulla Tachycardia
timevoie merlalirthnetr
c'rfniiiic~r~ siualacuty odyin response to 20Z sub z accereratior wa-. preve~nted t,,y beta
tievoirrcue trnuri rcateo meigtal', m 'it 'rretri'ct'l acuitygbofy blockade except in a group of Six subjects firsperiencrig thpr.
the~~~~~~~~
. i.ii.'.r.~ ii l 1t',tee, comb 'ýert triple first ever centrifuge ride Heart 'ates at - Wi, stb I were lowered
1 a.ii'' h ii c-le-Is
i .1the ostsevn,'by oxprenolol the oertistenrt tachycaidio. teier" attributedl to a
*~~_ niethe n
mos severee'ni baroreceptor rellex aiedidated through .3reduct.ion in isaqal tCbie
'7-,iirceotrn&t
p , r , '<n
-P
ciinefcs ar¼
!fiý n
r
h
~io
peifnci-i
ofnlys hatdvirtress
meibratio
Pulse prec.sure w~is reduced biy .sprenrolui especruiry duriroQ
suti z acceleration an effectI ittirbuted to a iedui to' '- -ad-.
>t,

I V r-l,11- t~r .3corj

fS!mloImnt as ;thli lss oroutput seconlary to a fall in huart rate G'y,eriutrea- vi.
ii'-'.l~i',
11 estimlarmri
r'itrcki~ wa sughty lss orunaffected by rira blockade bunt al sni -L rncd iunresp~.nrni
'rý''rSier., 'ri-" trn 0itun for srrr'nonly Yhus there der~ei r'kig i~iiin-iw.
1 r'~r~i Air,
-01i. no iddItiie irrr. Antl in lact some evidlence of
-3r'r~rr irtsr~cr~ri'.Auth'or

1473 19147 Aercflrare Myle-rai Research L-'h'. Wright Patterson N73 19160 School of Aerospiace Miedrcrnic Broroks AF8 tu.
Al'i3 0hio ESTIMATkS OF PHYSIOLOGIC RESERVE AFTER AC

4
(.~Mt~~tEF&iEC1'S OF NOISE AND VIBRATION ON
COGNITIVE
1 er.'r br
a' r FI-iiirlri
Pietifn.i'A'-
AND PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE
i~nr d C Stanley Hai'-. In A(ARD Performance
'Criess I -iftiri-ce
Nov 1972
ofi rmf-franfrog Stresses on
10 p nits ('or vailability see
CELERATtON EXPOSURE IN MAN
Prank R Lecoco Richa'~i L Lrpnrair ari 5rdy0Leverett
/,, AG ARC Perlfomaike and 8 'rlrr
interacting Stresses on P-4rrimnce
-Fur availability st:ý N73 tý '43 1(, 051
N'o,
:,5-
t'rr
tg972
ir
infl'ae'ice u
6 t0 iCls
I
t' t ,i)rJ A metabolic stiessor was em'rployed to piocrilok glorrn
1AMR' 7ir /t 115- regulatory hormone response immeditately altert exposure of
r"n. sian's-` on the i--r 't1 , -ir'r.f noiser~cand nbral,rtonr subtects to acceleration stress 2 deopy -g~ucuse i glucose
. ycton~nojr and ,conit,ive p,4r-n_,.iie -;A reported Tracking
... analog which piroduces severe iiitiar'ellulair frypoglycenrioa was
ann in nis' ldsk,, were u,,ed Pi .'rni;,.nes of psichomono,
atrv infused in, eight ioinnial nale ,ol.. Itosi Jarring a crUntiol penurda
-. ru~ie ait, s'crtieru
5.. ; ran..r.nrtr,ion task vuqs used 'mmudaelall at'r Joaln-it i reterierice, i-ini arLelm aliori r-ri after
a "i-_' ;ir i-i
ji- (n,'li,.rs , The In-st studly rising their f~un-tir evxl-i ito aiee.'~ ii ''Oto *;frir "it-,
r
1 i4.i 1-- -"li oirid. rIt'.'li-,t of noise ard acids isulin jir~rho inorni ;a;, '-rO:sil arid u-irai ntiolA~irorc '
ii "atnvi U.ia rit -nm-
'nrc it. 5 -.,, t .....imed .arid ~
r-oiQepf,iriiUtonre -ric' rnnaSrnrP I tf00r41 art aftner rricbdu' -nn

1i'. n-dincjleo i - . rjeliones'1,; ,it' -,' in 0t-. (ask occurredi mn-ny readJiy d-scerrrrhle cýhanges in gun-n requlratory -espons, to the
wtrenri o;,e Prxl unnratn' P.(: -, c.'birrrnred further the eject -eretb' .c ee derecrid -A1e' e7crosoi-
-les~i in arcolorati-
th e
Ieme oaefrcgl-rr- r'ti ii citr' nil, 5 .11 ufn
 106 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

N73-1915i School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFS. Tait N73-19155 Listitute of Aviation Medicine Fuerstenfaldbruck
FINDINGS ON THE COST OF FLYING TRANSPORT (West Ge'manyi
MISSIONS PHYS:OLOGICAL STUDIES OF FATIGUE IN ACTIVITIES
Bryce 0 Hartmnan and Henry 8 Hale In AGARO Performance REGOUIRING MENTAL CONCENTRATION IN NOT CLIMATE.
and erodyn Stress Influence of Interacting Stresses on THE INFLUENCE OF POSITIONING AND SENSORIAL
Performance Nov 1972 7 p refs iFor availability se IRRITATION
N73 19143 10.05) J MlAroer-Delius In AGARD Performance and Srodyn Stress
Physiologic and psycholcigic daja from airlift missions flying influence of Interacting Stresses on Performance Nov 1972
in an operational configurationr or-cuded iflight messuremen's 8 p refs (For availability see N73- 19143 100"5)
during experimental double -crew missions end basic crew missionis Activities of vigia'-cce without additional influence of Psychical
withr staging for crew rest. as well as following approximately stress or energetic upset are lemo-istrflted innhot and temperate
125 basic missions using a Special workload log Ps,,chollCgrc climate with noradrenergetic reaction Menial 0tfori with slightly
analyses have evaluated subjective fatigoiiC lIeap. and -ew incrseas" energetic metabolism uIxr~iied 20% more trme in hot
workload and the relationship between these and endocrine- climate to complete tasks then was required by persons
metabolic; activity essayed vie urine The cost of flying a transprit working under teamperalie conditions In this case the pulse rate
mission in the face of multiple Stresses characteristic of the was rising continuously Under ideritical conditions of climate
olperational environment is considered Author and mental work, but with noise, the pulse rate we, significantly
higher than without sensory irritlition Excitation of the sen2.orisl
N 73-19162 Centre d Essas en Vol.Rretigny sur Orge (Francel sense leads to an additional increase in the pereipheral vascular
PHYSIOLOGICAL MODIFICA.TIONS DURING OPERIA. condufcition Opposed to thermoregularron it can cause diftresguta-
TIONAL FLIGHTS OF LONG DURATION IMODIFICATIONS tron and thus fatigue Author
* PHYSIOLOGIQUIES AU COURS DE VOLS OPERATIONNELS
DE LONGUE OUREEI N73-1g166 School of Aerospace Mitdvine. Brooks AiD, Tex
* R Autfret In AGARD Performance and Siodyci Stress .Influence Biodynemics Branch
of interacting Stresses on Performance Ncv 1972 12 p THE USE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PROTFCTItIE MANEUVERS
refs In FRENCH (For avarlbolity see N73 10143 t0-05) IN HIGH ACCELERATION ENVIRONNtIrT5
Physiological changes occurring in pilots and navigators during S J Shubrooks. ir and S D fLeverett Jr In ;ý.,ARP Performance
long duration flights areexamined as a function of energy fatigue and Biodyn Stress Influence of lr!ts. cring Stresses on
Data cover cardiac frequency elimination of hydroxcorticosteroides Performance Nov 1972 9 p rets If-or availability asee
in urine elimination of mucoprotrr.n and glycemia levets over a N73- 19143 10O05i
24 hour period Transl by E 0t W The ph~ysiological effect, of voluntarly maneuvers used for
protection against -G sub z acceleration were studied on the
human centritage During both 1S sac and 45 sac rapid oinset
N73- 19163 Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab Pensacola -G sub z exposures, the increases in toreriace achieved with
Fla Human Factors, Engineering Research Div the Valsalva straining manreuver 1foice~ullu exhaling against the
EFFECTS OF PART-WHOLE TRAINING PROCEDURFES compietety closed gIOttrsI were found to tie equivalent to those
tIPON THE ACOIJISITION OF COMPLEX SKILLS TO BE arhievxil with the Mt Inruir rtr A9errs
-i~vxhriino
PERFOqMED UNDER STRESS the ia-t-ally 1IOed itheri
el~~i -. i Lied w ueul air
%C
Richard S Gibson In AGARO Peffrtmrance and Brodyn alir, 6 Suit Orwitfinit the suit dlurinir generalized nuscular tensing
Stre%ý i nfluence of Interact-ng Stresses on Performance Nov Directly meaSurieil head level aitrurial lieSsure irespori,%e Correlated
19/2 4 p refs (For availabýility see N73 19143 10-051 with these I-ridings The use cof positive liressure lira~rhing. at
Aviation training generally follows a sequential parl task levels orf 25 40 mm Hg was also fourld In result ,n increases
approach The queotion of houv many tasks should be presented in tolerance hoth .. th end without use -it the anti G suit, at
at one time is considered Seventy two naval officer candidates least equal to thc,,.- irlrained with [tire M I maneuver with less
participated in the experiment Each subject experienced one of acconiParlyr 1 j~ dis,-itcirt and ic;!,.uc Author
three training conditons prior to being exposed to the final test
condition The results provide insight into the usea of part-whole
training procedures lor the acquisition ot complex perceptual N74- 18797m Advisory '2-oup for Aerospace Research and
psychomotor skills Autho. Development. Paris iFrancel
BEHAVIOURAL, A-ZPlECTS OF AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS
N73-19154 Aerospace Medical Research Labs Wright Patterson K G G Cofkindale al lInst of Aviation Med ) Desc 1971
APA, Ohio 72 p, rof% Papers preseinied at AGARD Aerospace Med Panel
PER1FORMAANC MFASURFEMIENT USING PILOT CON Specialists Meeting Soeleatrbeig. Netherlands, 7 Sep 1973
TROLLED Ga MANEUVERING WITH SIMULATED OPERA- iAGARD-CP- i132 A~... I..1C6
TIONAL TASK A conference was conducted to discuss the influence of
0 8 Rogers F M Holden, C R Replogle. G Potor C N human factors on aircraft accidents The subjects discussed were
Day A E VanPattan K A Smiles end G C Mohr In AGARD Ill human factors approach to aircraft accident analysis 12l human
Performance and Biodyn Stress -Influence of Interacting Stresses factor in cyclic aircraft accident patterns. (31 the application of
on Performance Nov 1972 5 p raft iFor availability see airicrw opinions on cockpit task, and equipment to flight safety
N73 19143 10-05, research and (14 Isa psychologists s, role in, aircraft accident
tAMA TR 2 3jinvestigationr The fpiiiriry purpose of the corilrereice waes to
A techniqiue for human performance measuerement using a determine if re~seardih project$ in ruineii factors eroiurierering could
cloved loop cen~trtfuj,@ ha% (rwen validated the simulation utilized result in a reduction in the pilot error eccrirent rate For individual
Irie pitch and roll dynamics of a figh pe-formanca aircraft The titles see N74 18798 tfrrouyir N74 18804
ineasurenignt criteria ware hits on target using a display generated
neads up gunsighl on a maneuvering target aircraft An irmpoitantr N74-18798 iristiute of Aviation Medicine. Fuarslenteldbruck
consideration was relationship bietween marl As a Passive rider (West Grnr~
versus man as an active parircipant in the geneiarlon of the Gr PILOT FACTOR IN AIRCRAf-T ACCIDENTS OF THE
stress Two important deinonsitial-ro resuling from th,,%Sludy GERMAN FEOFRAL ARMED FORCES
* are Itli there is a significantl difference -i tire ability 0~ sufijecir 8 Itackeriheig If, ACARD Betraurourel Aspects of Arrcrah
pilots to perform in closed versus copern l~oo contiorial-on and Accider ts Dec 1973 7 1, rots Ito, availatr.iity see N74 18797
121 it is te~aslble to provide a missior. relatedt humril tier tO 05i
toirn-ance mretiic in a seitective irruoixiro -i wriri ire .G,,A aI-' in i.x vh rii fieairir rvfi- ot
forces are dyniamircally realistic A lirericlive hearts up rjunrisihl pilot error -as yirifle oft 154i a, ciaft aeci.ifeits which occurred
display is utiizedt with teirqrr taJ-cloi-es aspietiltifvrf of aereal th
Iir years frelweer 1961 19/1) 0I speirlar i..terst wi 5
comrbat rrarieiviifrs Author dilerencas, til-i~~ei pdril of Ittlirropilels aircaft sedr hetr.
 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY 107

ta-s The flying experience of ltre pilot his age anid other so3 instructors to train the tactics Teams to analyze and respond to
coiled time variable factors were also taken into consideration situations likely t0 occur durirng at tual ASW missions Study
In general errors predominantly occurred during low level flight rejults indicate that learning likes place in tihe siciulator find
and durinU the landing phase immediately before touch-down that there is pcrsrtre transfer to *hre operurronaf environment
in lot aircraft eccidents the majority of errors commritted by the There is room for im~trovemeft anid modification of the TrainingI
pilot is due to an extreme worktoad in handling his aircraft In curriculum Author
pilots of the olther categories psrirularly on propeller driven
aitrrafst hose types of errors are more pronounced which rraly N 74 16602 Royal Ar F. rce lost of Aviation MedicrineI
be attributed to the pilot IFflyving attitude (in extema cases resulting Farnborough IEnglandl
in violation's) Th1e findings of other authors relating to flying THE APPLICATION OF AIRCREW OPINIONS ON COCKPIT

asterenncef Could be confirmed As for the age distribution of TASKS AND CUUIPMENT TO FLIGHT SAFETY RE4
pilots there were remarkable dr~fleences in comparison with the SEARCH
data in other publications Author j hi Rolle and J W Cliappeloo. fIn AGARO 8jehauiouliai
Aspects of Aircraft Accridents Dec 1973 5 p ref Flor avsrabl~
N74 18790 Noval Aerospace Medical Research Lab. Pensacola see N74 1819710tO051
Fla A study wast coniducted to determine the impact ot flight
HUMAN FACTORS APPROACH TO AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT crew oOpiurirur oi% flight Tasks airit d.,icati eqicfr.nerlt a,. .i' aft
ANALYSIS arcijenis wrircir oulrth tiie~ater It perisonriel erior Ttie areat,
Richard H- Shannon and Wayne L WeellgIn AGAftO Eehavioural of inVeStrrdlaton we!e Ii tIt
[h oIa-l 1riricid on the flijirt c'er
Aspects of Aircraft Accidents Dec 1S73 t0 p rlos (For uiitt-e jertorrrrancrlct: ofIN-: i.. andr Q-?1,te ompdtrhirty hetiltt
availability see N74 18797 t0 051 file aircraft Ajiuiliment andtc; 'flu, , fririftiroirs aid at.,riles
Naval accident reports involving the P 3 and F 4 aircraft Tatleb of daia aie luci~vritded .I',i, ItIr Ir,! i of a pli~,tirIo,.
were examined over seven and fryt vear T-enro respectively na- ub' ftted itri flighrt vrew rer.....'I ALI"U'
The critical incident technique was used to catalogue describe
and analyze operational fMgti crew errors in otil aircraft An N74 118603 Ffrylil A., ii r'iitA,.iir Mel, -I;
in dtepth study was performeiJ in order to identify those pr~oblerms Farrtwroougr iEn,1ialruii
whic were common as well as specific to both arircraft The THE P .. YCHOLOGIST'S ROLE IN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT
:'3and F 4 aricrati were selected because of their completely INVESTIGATIONJ
differtnt fleet mis~sions and handling characteristics Human errors M I Airrur I- A(oAHD) Beii i s.rif Ar'rn.ýfl A, t
weie categorized according to three Types (111 -Tgrlance errorS tie 1913 Ii 1r 'Fir itriliit,lo rtr. N14 t18797 l'j Or
(2, trocerluial errors and (3i perceolual motor errors Phases Tiln ci ro,'i, TrtO iie'i f.'Q
ii, -rirrrt
.rTihei.,

of tight operationi were divided intu loou Segments (It I Senlvicing ,I tirriar eitrI-, ra,
all It iiri-,- dii rl art-j%,
pl0irerifh
arnt 141
potfitloyrrt
rtli
(2, start IS., Shutdown :31 takeoff landing
Four remedial areas were outlrined for rOduLing
Of Oopwiearruir
'fatrl.ts
l
.ire
Q.
rilcriirtriit
ese iv 1. r,,r
d,
I ... v,
....
it.1
it-rr.in

It, Ptr
~ri
f
If riar-,
atirl ,r Ir tI ti~,
hrn~an error ti1 craw coordination 121 design (3) disciplie %ifetv airi 3 -5r~
rrr e'nrir~rir ile ,r au~trrt ',fr.rrar",itr
aS.ir(t Arrainino Front the F 4 accrdent reports 431 human dr rIjerti. Tin ailvarta.Irs of cril j tsr Ir, jrrij%tr .rI.-
.iir,, , vile olated Aiidrrl the P 3 eprrlii rnntm-rned 341) our' iii a. *r l ririve futi.a I,-,i a-ii ielrrti'tO,,
-IV.~rteight motor error categories emergert !rom the anavs~si
Ii! irese errors The accideont itols were ltriitie analyzied for N74 18804 A--,r~ Arliurs fii iro- i Safe;,~ I .r;,- 11-
'tie Arrors which both aircraft had in comrmron Twenty commo .Ala
-o'rrrgolups were founrd t0oL liii ii1tir P 3 and rhe F 4 INCIOF NCE COST AND FACTOR ANALYSIS Of PILOT
* reri 22~% eri~rr
arit188 at ie olererrrs espctreivERROR ACCIDENTS IN US ARMY AVIATION
Iii. flrght seyrirent ut taker. 'landing arid the error type of Ua,.-,- Hl.,keisir S i A Pilrit .r.r. talry IB fEr~ai 1 r
* Inn au~dures stratei thre morst crorni.cfiality across the to., li,
0.1-.1ilP ifAFlIl fltorii~iAii'i i A., ,ii

4
N74 18800 Defeirce o LIi,-
firi lir f i19iiirrrJj i 'lrr.um Tii ti3iO.Oilt, t9 '/ I"ir~t ri01 was a -rI~S-ilentil, C
1
Clov rr,%rCon lOirtauirri air$- costY I drP Oit d' r-~ Pithil dnlirIrIt iii] j,reu"IrtrOr eltrI
TTIF HUMAN FACTOR IN CYZLtC AIRC.RAFT ACCIDENT "i(A
iii101 airr. il uhI-r a i tile
.1.rS crrfeii Of
PAFIERNS 1.111.,rirs a irn nrc.t
the~i i,%. naijrI.,opivii~ii
Peliýr I Deant Ir/ AC,AHD) behavicrual Asgre(itri of Airrlitft ur dpplrrohldu,i~
.i11,us
i lr.ilA.$ C arid seeksi, rIu"if

Ar,ý ferits Dec 1913 i 1, iefs ITOi avaifatirity %isrit N74 1 8 7 1)1 tlei riririnri All eunn
0
rsr.li~i -uirri~ a,'
.ri rileirti A plttid
Airanalysis Of trizz fhums,, factl r III Airicrft a' ,rrjr-IIrS vv8% ... ~. -,-forrit
...a, i is rr% ir friur A frt rry r riio.'
.nur1rfrrcred
to Sn yi hurrier factors whtint carise tll. -- r~' Jiir,%,. Iri
Il~-.rrrgfi 6-1 i~iisrthu.'iirniatarrir
Art ''Isits The op strer latoi l record of tie 6 (,f104 air, aft vas 1.3i i11n, A ,.irli~tr
O'li a raly'.,. V~illr ij diiij .... iui.sI,
usedT for the analysis ft was rteteimrrert trial tile acruirfers te-il tia' lig'iu- .' iudw-aann vnh., iir. tr elprtul -tI- re
Ifi til'Crr
...

I ,Crcui irore frequently in January Alril July arid Octobier laIrs - All. ieri'fleld irurruli
hrryil r il'~til ~r,
......ue
.11i
rlirr, in the other months The solilerijs itisrussei aire 1 11 tit. deviniciprti tir hrul ir'lu,1 Iri
... t, fir ii'-rrrr t i friii
.81-4 of It'r cyclic how- they rrflueirce HrS,,
alerririaid ....rrali diiij
ar rtiiCii'i'.i.Iri'rV i S''.
-1 ;rr@VrOU% StUrhies Of Cyclic liatteiris Iii erlic at a- rlille irt loi~',iv Air,
-31 speci-fic c y~clr far. tors relater t iaircraft acirlerpits CArl
a~~rrrenr~trjis or I"Rr eitirig'I iii raf a itO f.it. A-ri,rr,
N 74 20112- Al~'' rif I,, fr.'I-
N 74 13601 BOi'ke, flarioi urWesrialkrl Vllatllir Calf ()Ii, ,i~ i~. i~.I'i
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THE SIMULATOR IN THE US.- OF NySTAGMOOI4AFHY IN AVIATION MLIU
TRAINING AIRBORNE AIIW OPERATIONSI GINIF
lane-s E "rrtrrr Do ... rItly I Frirey 8-ail trr ". irt If, I -- 1 r1,- .r . i If- -I J-l i I-/..... ,11 ;o h. i I ' i
At.f,AF5.[ Rlerrauiurirl iiii ofu.i A-rcral Ar, ,I.err Dil tiJ;j I'll I IFf4 1 1,I- fwii 1
.1 'ii-i jliI i I .1
li 1 StIrrisoreri fry Naval lIar's...... i Vu il ,e~e ini i /r.,Ali41 Ar., i il I iiii~ .i.. 5i r~

avS-aiiatity see N 74 1f 9 (Ii

109 0It r. .I,, I 1" 14 i1, PAtii, I'll
utic
c- : VU I-a `Iic 'lit.~ ?I Eiliulil (1 ? - ff -1 i
1
aIrier. he: P3A ai'd P10 aIT-. ýI
for as iuetg trt IT.,! rjm, . I t . , ut', - Irt-',
,lfrr afi Iii i' Ill.
! 'It". li Irti ls .ri.....nu
;.ri.....'.taI
t I ri ii" 4 vIv,
ilfi learnir irr ... tthe dit.rtIu.ri !,Ai' binjf Ai- "."i.j'ii I vo4llt .".~i~li
ri' ,i" li . li ".."5.
1 5
arid rtestrv~nlforr Of iudriuti. 'nlrl tyi,j 5rv. ir,.irj ijir f.t. ' i-1
'. arr .i.
.....
ruir fiii
i~- uf' .I. .. ......

114
 108 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

N4273 Tulare Univ Now Orleans. L~a School of In AGARD The Use of Nystagrrography in Aviativir Med Dec
Medicine 1973 7 p In FRENCH (For availatirlity see N74 :-0732 12 051
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF NYI$TAGMOGRAPHY Several methods. with special emphasis on damp sinusoidal
Wallace Rubin in AGARD The Use of Nystagmography in strrnulhon. used to study labyrinth are introduced Data are
Aviaton Mod Dec 1973 3 p Inrol availability see N74 20732 also given on the po~sstibl application of these methods in
)2-0a)aeronautical and aero~pace medicine Habituation phenorrena
t
lIreist ate two spilc '.ncairil advantages of eliectronystag using the personnrel navigation technique are given as well as
mograph (ENG) 11) It is p4r.'SiL e to detect spontaneous and intformnation obtained by observing the phenomena in the coorse
positional nystagmus that would no, be ,een without its use, of professional apprenticeship The possibility of observing the
and (2) it is Possible to di~ffereniat 'eirpharal from central equilibration funchti, during prufessional life particularly (luring
pathology and right *.ded from left sided peripheral lesions when the corise and abatement of the central perdirneral vertiginlous
there is a sponlaneou. irystagmus Author syndrome was discussed Transl by E H W

N74-20734 Minrnesota LUrre Minisapor~s ;;choot of M66 N74-20738 Hoptlal d Inst ruction des Ai(meet. Vers-Illes
cino I France)
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN CLINICAL NYSTAGMOORA- INTEREST OF NYSTAGMOGRAPHY IN FLYING NAVIGA-
PHY. 1 GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF EQUIPMENT TION PERSONNEL JINTERET Of LA NYSTAGMOGRAPHIE
Mary Jayne Capps In AGARD The Use of Nyslagmography in DANS LE PERSONNEL NAVIGATION OE L'AVIATIONI
Aviation Mod Dec 1973 3 pt rats (For availability see L R Burdes /,- AGARO The Use of Nystagmograglis in Aviation
N74 20732 12 05) Mod Dec 1973 6 p In FRIF4CH (For availability see N74 2073?
The basic equijpnent needed for a thorough evaluation of 12 051
the vestibular system includes an examination chair or table a The Use 0f elei-tiorrystagnrography to diagnose psycholribir
polygraphy suitable fer recording nystagmnus a device for rrnth hyporeflective and barotrumatrsrn vestibula and peripheriat
producing caloric stimuli and an optokinetic stimulator The redicufar and central syndromes in navigation personnel is
required and optional features of each of these devices have discussed Test results are rociurler along with data on [tit P..sslble
been discussed The basic equipmenit will permit the elicittionir use of the method as an aid in selecting navigation personnel
and recordinrr of the vasious types of eye movements. i aTransl by E H W
i-Oloric optokirnetic positional and spontaneou, nystagmus The
evaluation o1 these phenomena piovides a sufficiently Complete N74-20739 Italian Air Force Aerospace Medical Center
picture of the state of the vestibular systemn Author Rome
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHIC
N74 20735 Ohio State Univ (Criuintus Coll of Medicine METHOD CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OF
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN CLINICAL NYSTAGMOORA NYSTAGMUS CIARACTERISTICS
PHY 2 SOURCES Of ERROR C Koch In AG..RD The Use of Nystagmogiaphy in Aviation
Charles W Storckwell and William E Collins (FAA 01 lahoma Med Dec 1973 5 p refs (For availability see N74 20732
C~tvi In AGARD The Use of Nvstagmnoqapfiy in Aviation Med 17 rfli il
Dec 1973 10 p ec's !For availabrir's see N74 20737 12 051 T~iu ivalluatilUi Uf iirladilc tiacturlsbij iT. 6titekkeJ, blgl.
The value oif clinical nystagrrogiaphy can be greatll diminished from a ijuantitiative and 'taltiative standpoint Descriptions of
it certain errors are not recognized and avoided Some oiifi5 some of them lamtllitudia frequency udurationl are giveni the
are iritrocliced by faulty recordinlg tecthniqtues. including inadequate importance of which is well know~n as tar as vestibular semiology
calibration inaprpropriate choice of ltieuency filters srid failure. and diagnostic& are concerned A new formula is propose'f
to identify artifacts Other errors are due to the extreme Sensitivity concerning the interpretation of the elictionystagmnogadphic
of the nystagmus response to exrtavestibular influences Caloric recording This formula mrakes it easier to define 11w nlIslagiius
tooting errors incluje n'arlect'iore stimulus control and failure to in degrees. thus conistituting a basis tor its classitfcatron Author
account for directional prepondterance These and other errors in
riystegmograpfry are pointed (jut and discussed and corrective N74-20740 IlihnOis Univ .Chicag~o Abtraham Lrn,.oln School
measures are suggested Author of Medicine
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE CALORIC NYSTAG
N74 20736 Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine mug
Fainbor~ough lEngland) Nicholas Turok MAiIuARD The Use of Nystagmogiaphy in
USE OF NYSTAGMOGRAPHY IN THE STUDY OF AIRCREW Irviatun Medl D'-_ 1973 11t p lets 'For availability see
WITH SPATIAL DISORIENTATION N74 2073? 12 fr5l
A .1 aersuir ;i AGRDur i ire Us. ft v0t1nar~rio-,tii,
a;~~r~ra~ut
ii corrsrrteatrons tbasedi uplon toe nystagimogram are
Mod Dec 1973 13 p efit (For avarla)fniiy see N74 20732 limited Quantiative assessmrent of hirirvontal canal sensitivity is
12 051 available thrcir,)hgfilte use of culmirratiori tisuosricy or culminaton
Lateral riystagmus evoked hy a stopping stimulus of slow pl-ase velocity Throe tilisliitive qualitative features of the
60 dog sec was recorded by elechic oculopraphy in 133 endowav caloric nyslagnius were evaluated and were found to be suggestive
venro had come under medical care because of airsickness spatial ortoutrightty pathogriomnrrii. for retrolabryrinthrife or r-eritral nerv~ous
disorientation or other sensory disturbances it, flight without system abnormralities These are 1t i vestibuilar rtecruitrrerit a
'llvsory perception of aircraft orientation Measures of the slow dirstioliorlioriate rcalorc trishrorsiverress whatr o weak stimulus
p sitiasevetortiy thre limit .onstarit of ijerav and total ampirtuide eh-frt a more ...rtiirse ,iy~tsrai..... ra. urnft ithail a strorit, stimnulus
of tire post rvotairrial rrystalimui did not differ between the thruea is ( ratbtle of creating I2 i hyperiactive vestrltrrler r -sprons -nesi
g i ir ts Measures of dir ec ionel prieltomorn sererie were found to p roorrerriri F(rmuiatnin
artid 131 in.0rie filiation revefs .11fIii or,rf 01 i,atrion
itif ye differences in 4eriarie strLuctr lretwe'nrr :tie giouti. itacreases, thre nysragmilts intensity inisteard of farlifteirig the evoked
Melasures oif cjtrectrc'rl pierirndearanc.e were found to have niyslatijmus Acthror
dijilerences in various slrtructure trwCon the girutis but those
wail. not welt riefirred and he"eof limited value in the .etlectrrm N74 20741 Mi 6ill Univ Mofi,rral iQarirtrr Detit nI
or assess-~ewr 0f rrdwrvrural airrw Authoruisilg
NYSTAGMOORAPHY A UqS01UL1 TOOL IN BASIC AND
N74 20737 Corrtr Pr....icpal ril E rpertses MerticLe1S du Personrris APPLIED INVESTIGATIONS
Nav-gant Paris lFrrnrcel ( Melvill Juries h, AGARD The Usje iof NystIaynrnogna~Ify
A PROFOSEC, HAbITUAI#ON LAB ri(NTH iPRESENTATION .iJ.. ct 11c.. 1 1'
" " _ ;' ~rl..~*.~ni.~.
OF SEVERAL RESULTS WITH THE P N TI IA PROPOS OE N74 70737 1/ 051i
i 'HABITUATION LASYRINTHIQUE (PRESENTATION DE Fietarive goss eve niove-riiw j-n~rnir~l~r arn'i~
GUELGUES AESULTATS CHEZ LA P N 7Il A ss8rar4i 1 gnShill. finii
(Iit
irirrk Irtri lti. ai~re
A Gilrao P Olan-c I Iafiiiisirr P Pral,-ir art, P fririelle 121 thre ietltnvelv siow sirrrrtlitrrii u iirrrSasihaei
05 BIOTECHNOLOGY ¶09

with followin-g ;fixation point which is moving relative to the pigs ansd monkey were studied Sound stimuli included. i
head In many circums:o.ncers these two types of movement at* Pressure transients ~2)
infasounds. and (31 nintnso oudrofref
integrated to Produce a coirtvtned pattern of eye rnovenient quency so%.-id Siromechonical and phiysiological responses to those
suitable for inioterittent fixation on a iirsrral field A'tich is mtoving three types of stimnuli were observed Brorrechisencal estpo-Noes
relatively to the head Methods of recording '-,otagmusand its examined included stap,, displacemnent and Derilymplr pressure
data reduction are discussed togs."rei with their ao;,ilrcability changes Vestibular nerv% ectivity eye movements. and head

and hazards in rellitton to intended objectives The experimenti. movements are the physr~tr ikcal responses thiat were recorded
use of nystogmo-graphy it treated in terms of quick and slow Monkey reisprtnses diffor ed from guorree pig responses underI
phase eye movvrni~anta and of head movements Author several cond-ticns response differences suggest different
mechanisms ot scoustir ii vestibuteir stimulationl in these two
N7l4 20742 Tronto Univ (O~ntario) Dept ot Otoil.rengcology soecres Author
OPTOKINIETIC MYSTAOFMUS ITS VALUE IN THE DI-
AGNOSIS OF CERTAIN VESTIBULAR LESIONS 11174-20746 Florida Univ Gainesville Div (if 0iolarynrologly
Y Myorissette. S M Abetl. and H 0 Barber In AGARD The NOAMAL UMITS FO THE 6EQUENTIAL. SITHERMAL
Use of Nysregmography in Aviation Med Vec 1973 6 p BINAURAL CALORIC TEST
refs (For availability see N74 20732 12-05) Franklin 0 black David 0 Custer (Tech Vocational Inst I Williari
Optokinetic: nystagmus IOKPJI was studied to eriplore its value G Hemenv'ay (Colo Univ ensd John I Thoinby Ir AC.-ýRC

in the localization of vestibular lesiont The Stimulus consisted The Use of Nystagmrogrephy in Aviation Med Dec 1973 1; p
of a field of equidistant parallel block bars either horizontal or of- (For *-- -, N74-20732 12-051
vertical - moving Across a white ground The data shtowied that Analysis of bithormnal binaural caloric test results ofva a
for subject% with norii.-l- vestibular function a nid unilateral statrstrc ollssrgqnrfrcant response '-i g-oincis between ears for right
lebyrinthectomy. the slow phase velocity of OKN varied noilmorro hlr ded normal subjects There we-* no signiticanlt response
tonically witl- increases or' the spoeei of the baits between 20 Offrotrnces dut to temperature of stimnulation and ear stimulated
end400 degrees of visual angle per second T1t.s function feteu'-, Throe tests for the determination of caloric nystagrnus response
aSingle Masimhum at 8ppro-imatelty 60 to 80 'i-! --as of bare,
verý:ty for horizontal OKN and at 40 t1.ens for vertical CVN
~ vette were developed. based upon analysis of intrasublect
onorr ret responses A rtroicspective esamintrocn of caloric responses4
In subita..: with neurological cuiiiirmed lesions of brain stem from patients with Molenrere s disease provided preliminary Support
due to multiple vl'r.tumor or schomic disease the slow 4^r clinical feasibility and increased Sensitivity of the statistical
phase VoloCirt ;ji DRJ4 liod riot change but remained constant methods advo-catedl for Chrical usage Author
at etrovi 20 dlegre~es, sec across the range of bar verocilies
studied Author N74-20747 Mfiri Univ (West Germany) Dept of Physic'

York Dept Mouf Sina MeialadGrdae olsye HUMAN EYE MOVEMENTS DURING VARIOUS FOAMS OFj
YorkUDep ofSIG Lior1 NEATO MI OEO LINEAR ACCIFLIERATION AND WEIGHTLESSNESS
LICABYRINTHIN. LA41 IN RACTfON THA~E FT4 .r .'r. i.-:. P Th.e -klc 1nivoi I Shilln"er
LAYRNT
I >E OOCTONOF OPTOKINETIC ir INASA Ames Res Lentert end G fieldrojlir (Mri.1 Univl
NYBTAOMLDS ANO OPTOKINE TIC AFTER NYSTAGMUS In AGARD T1re Urse of Nystagmography in Aviation Med Dec
S Cohion S Takemnori end T Uernura In AGARD The Use of
Ntystailmogrophy in Avigrinn Med 1973 3 p refs iFo avatilability see N74 20732 12 05)
Dec 1973 4 p ral.. (For Eye movements of human subjects were r*corded eolectrony
avarafiity ee 74
C~j~1 2USIstag~nographically in complete darknest dijirrig rciOlinear0
o (N and OK(A1 were affected by unilateral and bilateral hotizonl.zl icoelvretions as achieued ori carts on the ground and *
labyrlirthocto'ny The rmaximum velocityr of slow ohaggs of Olifl ails during erIcraf paraboli1c flight The results were compared
inducied by drum ritations above 80 75 dog- sac iii either droct-,, to the movements uf blindeod goldfish subjected to similar changes
was lower shot uniilateral and bilararal ltrhyrinthectcriny T~tq of grevitoinertial forces The results indlicate that there ista human
frequency of OKN was also dec~roased and the total devirr~on creainwt h rvt eeec epneo ihDrn
sfte edyChnes inwas vntal
reidoveed
furA b wet hs reduced
ou horizontal forward accelerations on the ground the human eyes
in durating*
d ahrurseaayin thectorrrUS~y
eiaKng
bOO iwtall trlerue turn downward and during horizontal backward itcceleration the
on draton
abyrnth~tontybeig
ftvuniateal iitillysholefeyes turn upward The human eye response to g loads below
to the ipsilateral than to the contralaveral side OKAN could rio 1 g and to wieightlessness is the reveise 0f the lilt of the fish
longer be evoked after bilateral labyrinthectomy This olois was While fish dive down during low y or loop forward dluring
oermanent These data demonstrate the importence of the weightlessness. the eyes oit subjects tritting upright ini en aircraft
veelibulor system in maintenaonce of Lusfv and Ousili Auirriu which flies at 0 q move upwardA.~o
1720" Froiburfg Univ (W~estGermanyl Dept of Neurology urvgMaonlosUieb~a uihfoostcr
A?-04

PSEUD CORIOLIS EFFECTSg Germany)

SELF-MOTION SENSATION. rI0 CO OLSEF TSTHERMOELECT14IC STIMULATION OF THE LABYRINTH
AND MOTION SICKNESS INDUCED BY OPTOKINITIC Hans Srherer In AGARD The Use of Nyrstagmnography in AviationI
STIMULI Med Dec 1973 5 p (For avarrability see N74 20732 12 061
Johannes Dichgans and Thomas Brandt /,- AGAP,) The U"y A riew method~ot calotri labyrinth stimnulation is described
of Nystagrnorgraphy in Aviation Med Dec 1973 3 p asThe use of waler as a stimnulatoir is replaced try a :uppei plug
IFot availsabilty see N74 20732 12 051 positioned in the emrternal aer canal The pl'ug s temperature is
PSyChophfrysolirjoCgl eapetiments reported estabrlish that the regulated by Pettoie therfmoeplectric pilate wh ch are connected
human sensation Iself motion is evoked by slirrulatiiin of itirt with a power supply and are abile to prcoduce on one of their
labyrinthine reeoplisr as well as bf exciteticin of fthe visriol senose ,rt0es either heat or cold Every temprerature recessery to stimulate
Cjrcular'rection. riseuro corrotis affect Phird visually rociocedi ilt the labyrinth can be applied Electronic atiering and the
of the apparent vertical provlure cruirg -au. motiron illusions Arid automatization of the whole test are easily aptilicatilit The new
motion sickness hrrhenionren ijlie to v'ttd risrlir iriteracrior. method is especially useful in treterlirs with lesioins of the ear
G Gr drum 'luverel tyocial examnplet of thermoelectric Stimulationi ofI
N742045
Uiv olarn )ho
rfrd Dpt-f syholgythe laby-,inth end tMe nyslagmic. response are sthown Author
EFFECTS UPF SIOUNO ON IHk ViCTIGULAP S'TE N74-20742 Utlri U.--.i/c;.~ 1ý*r--ol rrl ~ii
o F Parker M F Raschrke and P L Tubbis /,i ACARD thre COMPUTER ELE CTRONYSTAGMOU RAPHY IN EVALUAT
Use of Nystagniography in Avuat~oir Med 0e' 1973 12 I, ING0 THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHO PHARMACOLOGICAL
refs (tot availability see N74 20732 12 05) DRUGS ON VIGILANCE
CWontracts F331515 89 C. 1246 f33615 73 C 4 002, luergern C Allhit and Wolfgangýj Becker /,r AGARtU 71t Use
The *#lecis it So... cit,@~r
ri on vesltrlular S-,Sterns of gfinirpa cof Nystog-ograptif or. A,,tiiniu Med De,, 1973 8 fi rets
JFor availability asee N74 20732 1? 05i
 - '- - I- INJ z~ . .......

110 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY

MOximum velocity and durtoion of saccedic aye movements N7&-20753 Royal Australian Navy School of Undle .ater
depend entirety on th, magnitude of angular dollectioi of the Medicine. Satmoral
eye bell. and! on the state of alertness or fatigue Tranquilizing
drugsg sch as DiaZepam are known to reduce significantly the
miaxiomums velocity, but accuracy and reaction time of these eye
moveme~nts deteriorate. too For evaluating the". drugs. en on-line
VERTIGO IN DIVING
Carl Edmonds
Aviation Mod
Nf74-20732 12-05)
In AGARC)
Dec 1973
The Use of Nystegmography in
10) p refs (For availability too
I
computer program has been developeod whereby 500 saccadic Because vertigo is associated with nystagmu5 and this can
eye movements are compuie0 for their maximum velocity be demonstrated in sonobjective manner, it htas been anttmpted
Ourateon. accuracy and reaction time All desired parameters are to differentiate the specific causes of vertigo from those otf
planled in amplitude subgroups with mean values - or -standard disorientation in goerare it is f0Vl appreciated ihat there is a
including a powerful new arrt:jiepressant drug Sulpiride This classification of vertigo in diving is reported that considers aspects
p antidepressant pychn-"...mafwn sliriweod no influence on velocity of ur-eousel vestibular stimulation as well as unequal vestibular
and reection twror and may even enhance accuracy of siccedic responsesuho
eye movements Author
N74-20754 D), I~ Uirv Durham. N C Div of Ototaryngolog,'
N74-20750 School o! Aerospace Medicine. Brooks AFS. Tex COCHLEAR Af.D VESTIBULAR INJURIES DURINr.
0onicat Sciences Div DiVING
AtRomiflICAL RESEARCH AND CLINICAL APPLICA- Joseph C Farmer J; In AGARO The Us) of ilyatagmogrephy
TIONS OF AVERAaI.?.- Tý.CHNIOUES IN NYSTAGMOOIA- in Aviation Mod Dec 1971 8 p refs (For availability see
PHY Nf74 20732 12-05)
jamee W Wolf* In AGARD The Use of Nystagrnography in Cochtear and vestibular damage can oc :ur during all phases
Aviation Med Doc '973 6 p refs (Far availability tee of diving Inner ear damage during compression seerns to be
Af403
sytm12-05 f ra1g10goa ehnqe hsbe related to d~fficullias with middle ear pressure equalization while
A aytemem~ovr~
aalo -t digtaltecniqes as eensuch damage occu:ring at stable deep depths seems to t,- releted
developed for simultaneously measuri-ig tP~eaverage slow end to experimental chan~ges in inspired inert got composition
fast pheac velirciry of the sumnmated response and left and right Cachlear and veatihular damage du'rng decompression seems to
eye movements separately and for preciseiy resolving both of be a form of decompression sickness and can be the only
these variables This method IL described along with illustrative manifestation of this pioblent Twenty cases of such damage
caecs Preliminery results indicate that this approach may be are presented in which there is a significant correlation between
usefut in differentiating peripheral and centrill vestrbulo oculorrior p~ornpt recompression treatment and lack of residual deficites
pathology Author Excessive ni.ise is not uncommon Ouring various diving conditions
and can lead to temporary and presumably permanent auditory
N74-2076151 M~sisachusegtts Inst ot Tech Clombir-ige thresholds shifts Author
Man-Vehicle Lab
AUTOMATED NYSTAGMUS ANALYSIS N4276Ln nvlwdn TDp
OraesM
OenJoh HJ Allum. John A Tole and iýaurenvce EFFECTS OF INCREASED MIDDLE EAR PRESSURE ON
R Young /A AGARD Tie Use of Nyslagmography in Aviation THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
Mod Dec 1973 q p, ret- (For availability see Nf74-20732 OClaiton Tjarnstroem In AGARD The Use of Nystagmography in
12-061 Aviation Med Dec 1973 9 p refs (For availability see
(Grants NGR-22-009-025. NOR 22 009-156. f72721-S
Sevralmehdshve-csnl0bonusdfo7n ie nlyi A technique is described for measuring changes in pressure
omethodigihave rcenptlybenrgau
n Sevrf forOnsine
asd develyped in the middle ear Fitted to the external ear canal is a rubber
of ystgmu
ompterproramhasbee
A igial deeloedcuff which contoint, a small tube A flowmeter, parallel with the
to accept sampled reords of aye positron detect last phase tube detects airflow between the external ear canal and the
compnens.
utpt cmulaiveslo
nd phse osironambient arr The airflow is compared electronically with a reference
continuous slow phase velocity, instantaneous, fast phase airflow in another tube which emanates from an aCtlustsble
frequency, and other parameters The Siorj phase velocity is reference volume By recording in this manner in a pressure
obtained by differentiation Of the calculated cumulative position chamber. pressure changes in the middle ear could be related
rather than the original eye mnovement iccord Also a prototype to report vertigo srid also to recorreqd nystagn~us Results indicate
* analog device has been devised which calculates the ve~ocity of that alternobaric vertigo IA V I ma~yoccur with only mhoderate
0-t~ Slovo pihm"t riý-Vrwnson, !"- 9 r txlnir-rinnrjFremptes of 3rid thq! s~ma i~i
ooijo5of who would otherwise
clinicel and rSerhow eyAuoeen eod naye ihthese be iegarded as noofmal are especially susceLbtible to A V -apparently
devcesar shwnAutoras a(rsult of a high forcing peressure or, one side Author

1174-20762 Royal Air Force Inst of Aviation Medicine

Fornborough (England)
AMODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF THE NYSTAGMICI
RESPONSE TO ANGULAR AND LINxEAR ACCELERATION
ST
G ornes and A J Benson
fIMU In AGARD The Use of
Nystagmogrephy in Aviation Med Dec 1973 13 p refs (For
availability see Nf74-20732 12 05)
A model has been developrod for the mechanism of saccadic
generation in the vestibulo ocular reftex arc in an attempt to
explain varrations in the pattern of nystagmnic response to vestibularI
model I')$ been developed using an analogue
computer endThean ottemrpt has beeri made to rels'e the system
atimulat-on'
to the known physioogical evidence The response of the model
has been compared with results from experiments on humani
subjects. and Satisfactory agreement has been obtained in
cOnditioni appropriate to stimulation of the canals by botI oeriodi
and tronsien anguler accelerations and to stimulation of the
utricular maculae by linear aceleration The model eiecti~vely
simulattes the changes in frequency anid duration of slo- phasle
arid saccadic eye movements ob~served expairnentatly Author
06 CHEMISTRY11

06 CHEMISTRY
Or-ludus chemical analysis end doietficeton (aug spectos.
copy) For applications s~e 17 Wt.esnrals. Metallic. is
Materials. N~onmetallic, and 27 Proprionts

0N73-31S30 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research endI

G AS SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS IN COMSUff1ON
PHINOPEAIA
0 Langese (OINERA. Paris) and C. Vordier (ONERA. PslnI Jul.
1973 166 p ruft
(AGARD-AG-10. AGARDOGRAPM.1BS) Avad: NTIS HC
$1125
The soplication of gas onalymi technique$ tu determine
cobutioln efficiency in turb~ne e"ngies and rocket erngine
cOmbustion chambers is discusaed The fundamental data (or
00f'tM 10enkinetics i ar perfectly stiorrd reactor eind in preixernd
laminar flames are reported Various rrwti .d- of gas analysi"
using gas phase chromatography. mass spectrometry. absorption
of electromagnetic, absorption of electromagnetic tahiationis. and
physicochemical methods of flow-throug~h analysis are on-
pla-ned Author

N74-227990 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development, Pons (~rance)
GAS SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS IN COMIBUSTION
PHENOMEN11111A [PAILIVEMENT ET ANALYSE OfGA? DANS
LES PI4ENOMEN11S Of COMOUSTIONI
0 Langede" (ONERA. Pnalis and C Vardier (ONERA. Paris) Jul
1973 187 p reefs In FRENCH
(AGAR~logroph. 166(FR). AGARD-AG-1 8S(FR)) Avail NTIS
HC $12 so
The application of gas analysis techniques to determine
clonbusleti oefficio". in turbine engines and rocket engine
..:'ibustwni chambers is discussed The fundamental data for
combustion kinetics in a Perfectly stirred reactor and in pro-
mixed lerninar flumes are repported. Various methods of gas
analYss using gas phase chromatography, mass spectrometry.
abworptioin of electromagnetic tadiations. and ohysiochemical

methods of flow-through analysis are axplained Author

id
A
07 COMMAUNICATIONS Preceding page blank 113

07CO
IC MU
TINSneeded vvht: size it Should be :rand whsether it shOuld be funded

includes communiecations oQubomont and tochneique.

frirsee radio and communicatiofs blackout, modulation N71-19529# Societe Nationals Indusirielle Aeroepatiele. Parts
telemetry. trecking radar and ootKcal obsar~ation. and wave Oteric6 On, Systems$ Calistiques at Spatious
propagation Fat basic research see 23 Physics. Gen~fal A SPrCIALIZEODOOCUMENTATION CENTER: ITS
and 1 Naigaton OGANIACE NT. OCMENTATONS
ITS ISEFECTAIVNSES JUN
and 21 NavigatioRE ORCAMIZATION.ISMTOS
f ISPEFECTAIVENESSIN
ORGANISATION. SES METHiODES. SON EFFICACITEI
Y J Roeper in AGARD Inform Analysis Centres Feb 1971
N71-196290 Advisory Group tor Aerospace Reseacihr end 11I p In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (See N71-19526 09-07)
Deveoovmont Pont (France) Avail US Phlent Office

I
INFORMATION ANALYSIS CIENTRES The establishm~ent end operation procedures aer describe for4
Feb I C7 1 69 p refs Conf hold at Amsterdam 10 Nov 1970 a docum-entation center dealing with SorosPe.ce data Discussiaonts
O.GARD-CP-78.71) Avail NTIS aer g-ven conc~erning (1) the need for such a center. 12) the
documentation chain employed 13) the sutcmallzarlorr involved. and
CONTENTS fe:iaosI diio.sm iue r rvddt
ICONCEPT MISSION AND OPERATION OF SCIENTIFIC iluIa) .thcost
e oftveesIn addition
domentfigurn aerOviedt
AND TECHNICAL INFOPMATION ANALYSIS CENTERS J W ilsrt h oto uoai ouetto
Murdock (Battelle Memorial Irrt. .
Columbus. Chrol 14 p tSee
N71-19527 09-07) N7l -19530it United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. Harwell
2 FUNDING INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTERS lt,-,glandl j
O S Simpson. Jr i~atlelle Memorial Inst Columbus. Ohio) 4 p THE HARWELL HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW INFOAR
($easN71-19528 09-07) MA rION ANALYSIS CENTRE
3 A SPECIALIZED DOCUMENTATION CENTER I IS IL 8 Cousins f , AGARD lnfOrfrr AI181v~r5 Centres Feb 1971 (Sao
ORGANIZATION. ITS METHODS ITS EFFECTIVENESS Y 1 1471 195i26 09 07;) 8
Roapor (Societe Nationals Industrielte Aeiospatiale. Paris. Frjncel Avail NTIS
11 p See N71 119529 09 07) 7he estatl' -ment of aservice to meret the information require-
4 THE HARWELL HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FLOW mie Its of a S!.eci'-Cqcir of sc-eiruists arid lechooI0V-sts is de-j
INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTRE L e
Cousins )'JKAEA. %,iit)er1 It seti-rr up of a reference lbrary to, heat transfer and
Harwell. England) 8 p) (See N7 119530 09,33) fluid flow hlterifuie 35 orutlined anrd the nirethod5 employed for rapid
S PROPOSAL FOR AN INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION iretrieval of iraý literature isirg a larg~e dicgital compuiter are given
INFr0Ma TI0N ANALYSIS CENTER j vv'e~
- iin
Memorial 11131. Columbus. Ohio) 5 p) (See N7l I19531 09-131
8 MARTITIME POLLUTION R P Langstonr (Admiraltyr N71-19631 N Battelle Memorial Inst Colurnbt.s Ohio
0.1 Lab. Cobhams England) 7 p refs ISee N7t-i9532 09.13) PrROPOSAL FOR AN INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION
INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER
John W Murdock /' AGARD Inform Analysis Centres Feb
N71-13627# Battellb Memorial Inst. Columbus. Ohio 1971 5 p iSee N7 1 19526 09.C'cI
CONCEPT. MISSION. AND OPERATION OF SCIENTIFIC Avail NTIS
AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTERS The establishment within NATO of an iriterrtio"t ronlnormation
J W Murdock fin AGARD Inform Analysis Corters Feb 1971I nalys~s centei of, a-, pollution is tprocpsedi tie airopl-calioti of
14 p (See N7 1-19526 09-071 infororarron analysis concept, I iti I critical hlivi -,hiC'l -qcreasiirqlv
Avail NTIS enxii~es multidrsciplinary research and deue:Dprrerrl effoits n all týre
A discussion is qiven of the fundamental concepts of an irrcdustial-ted societies of Ilie world. *wu-.ic create a condriehensuve
information analysis center %IAC) and how it relates to other 'lose Of Kiro~vledqe that would he utilizedl byl,-Ij reselh~cti scientists
information services The miss, n of an IAC Is considered in ternms of many nations 10 assure riraluirriiv effectuiv r ri~rtrbut~ons to
of how unpublished inforimation is obtained and used, and how solvirr air pollution pirbleres and (21 by ad:l.......ti rois air,) : o'c,
feedback helps the IAC achieve its goals Operat onrl aspect' of a makers 10 maxe the major decisions that defts-irni what research
center are reviewed and experiencts by research sce. itists and is to be (lcone and-, liow.Lq 10 on
clunify'.) Methi,ir of csiablishiriq;
engineers in utilizing an IAC are related Twno non-government the infourmation arrayris cere -its rr.r tirri ire.lii fucnctoiS
supporled IAC s, are described along with one government center
The advantages of working in an IAC environment, key problems
of its initernational staff are dlescribed Auafhor l
in da-r-to-da,, operation a,(t !ne ever present problem of money N71-19632o Admiralty Oil Ldb Cobham 1Llrjlrnirli
ar3 included iii thu discussion 0 L G MARITIME POLLUTION
R P Langi-ton i,i AGARD Inform Analysis Centres Feb 1971
N71 19520N baltelle Memorial Inst Columbus Ohio 7 p refs (See N/ t 19526 09 07,
FUNDING ,INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTERS Avai NTIS
G S Simpson Jr /-r AGARD Inform Analysis Centres Feb A dliscussion is cireented on hr es~t.o an international
1971 4 p (See N7 1 19526 09.07) niarrtrme pollution irnformation arir-/sis oenter Enptruis is placed
Avail NTIS on the growing recogniton of tire ceci for a fbette r iridrdestand.:;
An overview is presented of the funding problems involved of what takes place when oil piroducts are spill-Ir at sea The
ii- the im--plemrentatioan and maintenance of an information analysis proPosed ie nter- woulId proces~s on an nlroitrathrnal hras,%. all data
center It is pointed nit t hat ! Ir the centers are expensise to drraliiiq with lhi' nature of or) spills, the cruvsequcncc~s and the
operate 2) adenuate frindinq is difficult to obtain and Vheep. arid technotoqisi. emofoyad in the clearinq rip ptricess in arditlon
f3l it-n inntArs rancor ho Pnvoncm~i-ali rilima~sr for livery oespart -Ii1
lrdi.e .iiji.:,dfcmectc I' *i .,iT.~rii.
of 'cipnce and engineerinrg Another basic problem involves the informr'ation woufd be routiniely tirocessiei arid idissenriratedl to )IIl
difficulty in acau-ing detailed data cost from facilities that are miembier countries Other bentilts that counld be derived from- the
presenitly in operation Emphasis of the discussion is placed on liroposed ceniter are liiiefl,, riccusseit arid include it I tIr[le acrlrisrtioo
factors that determirle whethel ar information analysis center is of data on weatfiri co-ci.ions arid vater .rovemefIrs r21 Ihe
[I
114 07 COMMUNICATIONS

availability of industrial and ecclogicel information. 131 the tropical areas of the world experience the most severe conditions.
identification of pollutants. and (4) tho formulation of legal aspects and (4) the Ilkehalood of turbulence of the radio refractive index
and medica!/toxic aspects. D LG as determined from the gradient of the potential refractive index
and calculated from conventional meteorological soundings of the
Imo.nhere. Autt'or
N71.214110W Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Development. Paris IFrancel
iROPOSPHERIC RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION, PART I N71-21413# General Electric Co. Syracuse NY
Conference Procoedinge TROPOSPHERIC EFFECTS ON SPACE COMMUNICATIONS
M J Albrecht. ed Feb 1971 309 p refs Mostly in ENGLISH. George H Millman In AoARD Tropospheric Radio wave
partly in FqEr:CH AGARD Avionics Panel 16th Tech Symp held Propagation. Pt 1 Feb 1971 30 p refs (See N71-21409 10-07)
h in DussAld-rf. 31 Aug 4 Sept 1970 Avail NTIS
(AGARD-CP-70-71-Ft-1) Avail NTIS The influence of the natural environment is considered in
Electromagnetic wave propagaticn through the troposphere the design of an earth satellite communication system The

is analyzed for the effects of tropospheric characteristics on wave nonisotropic characteristics (f the troposphere are evaluated in
refelectron and refraction, scatter propagation and propagation terms of their effects on the p~opagation of electromagnet-c waves
vedictio" methods For individual titles. st.- N71 2-1410 through through the medium The tropospheric propagational phenomena
N71-21433 which are discussed are refraction, time delay. scintillation effects.
doppler frequency shift ducting. attonuarion. and noise Author

N71-21410# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris (France) Communications Electronics Div of N71-21414e Stanford Research Inst Calif Aerophysics Lab
the Military Committee SATELLITE VIEWED CLOUD COVER AS A DESCRIPTOR
MILITARY APPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH AND OF RADIO-RADAR PROPAGATION CONDITIONS
DEVELOPMENT IN TROPOSPHERIC WAVE PROPAGATION R H Blackmer Jr and S M Serebreny In AGARD T:opospheric
Enrico Scotti (Italian Army) In its Tropospheric Radio Wave Radio Wave Propagation Pi 1 Feb 1971 12 p tSee '471-21409
Propagation. Pt 1 Feb 1971 4 p (See N71-221409 10-07) 10-071
Avail NTIS Avail NTIS
An Cvervoiw of military applicatoios of tropospheric propagation Comparison is made between the appearance of a satellite
phenomena in scatter communications and radar is presented with vewed cloud cover and radio-radar propagation conditions to
emphasis on the problems encountered by military comnm.unications. determine whether cloud cover can describe atmospheric conditions
sensor systems command and control, frequency planning and the influencing radio-radar propagation Radar performance records
NATO integrated communications system is discussed A better from the eastern Pacific Ocean and tropospheric scatter signals
cerrelation of the known aspects of tropospheric propagation so es from the southwestern Pacfl: o:ean were compared -.rlth satellite
to best support miltary systems planning is advocated Author photographs of cloud cover over the respective areas Itis shown
that the nature of the c'oud cover helps to indicate whether
propagation will be normal or abnormal but minre research is needed
N71-2141I# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and to obtain quantitative propagation data over small scale areas
Development. Paris (France) Author
THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE TROPOSPHERE
P. Ikwhien In its Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation. P1 1
Feb. 1971 12 p (See N71-21409 10-07) N71-21416N Air Force Cambridge Roseac(.h Labs . Bedford Mass
Avail NTIS RAIN ATTENUATION AT MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS
A three-fluids qeneral atmospheric circulation model is E E Altshuler V J Fal(.one. and K N Wulfsberg In AGARD
described that uses a large rotating water bowl to realize Prandls Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation. Pt 1 Feb 1971 10 p
theoretical atmospheric flow model Experimeital results obtained refs (See N7 1-21409 10-07)
with the water basin containing three liquids of differing densities Avail NTIS
indicate that a weak meridian flow polewards is the cause of A program to determine the feasibility of using millimeter
sliong western winds Atmnospheric cycIon.s at nigher latitudes -'vc. !o: sp.ace coý ,.... ,n.atnrr,,j, i-.,ii Lui.iucte- and it nls
originate where an upper branch of meridian circulation far advanced been shown that at I5 and 35 GHz atmospheric attentuation is
in a direction towards the pole. commences its descent G G relatively low except for conditions of heavy ci,)uds and veciptatron
Rain attenuation was Measured in Hilo Hawaii and the following

N71-21412# Environmental Science Services Administration. results were obtaieno i(1) total atmospheric attenuation ,
Boulder. Colo moderately row at 15 and 35 Gliz for irinfa-i rates less than 1
WORLDWIDE CHARACTERISTICS OF REFRACTIVE INDEX mm/hr and zenith angles less than 45 deg For higher rainfall rates
AND CUMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS and angles closer to the horizon thu attenJathon becomes prohibitive
. R. Been. P A Hart. and G 0 Thayer In AGARD Tropospheric Particularly at 35 GHz. (2) total atmospheric attenuation can be
Radio Wave Propagation. Pt 1 Feb 1971 14 p refs ISAe accurately calculated from a measuremeni of apparent sky
N71-21409 10-07) temperature, and (3l atmospheric attenuations at 15 and 35 GHz
Avail. NTIS are highly correlated Author
The development and present status of radio climatology
ýIre reviewed, from Newton's use of the exponential atmosphere
to rscent work on the climatology of radio refractive index N71-21416e Mcll Univ. Montreal (Quebeci
turbulence (11 development of models of the general vertical APPLICATION OF VVEATHER RADAR DATA TO
structure of the raf:actrve index with a three-part exponential profile. PROPAGATION QUESTIONS
the g2)
enerar raft cti,,e index gradient. elevated layers with strong R R Rogers In AGARD Troprsrhdric Radio Wave Propagation
refractive index gra..;ients. and winds in the common volume region Pt 1 Feb 1971 11 p refs Suppoited by Can Dept of
which are significant to the performance of transhorizon radio Commun (See N71-21409 10-071
propagation systems. (31 studies of the climatology of the initial Avail NTIS
gradient of the radio refractive index wh:ch have revealed that the The weather radar lacilrty instruiiient provides a real time
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 16-

display of the 110GHz areteuation due to rains"on the radar line of attersuatriod'. at 15.3 GHz derived Generally good agreement between
sight this*e months' dita from two su~mmers have been anialyzed radiometer predicted. radsr predicted. and directly measured
attenuattons is obtained Author
to given attenuation stesrstics for application to communications
over terrestrial and satellite microwave links Preliminary (*sults are
presented fot the razimuth extent, duration. and frequency ofI Masile;-PlanclckInstitut fur Aeronsomie. Lindou ubper
occurrence of attenuations ranging from 5 to 30 GHz at elevation N71-21420#
angles between 3 dog and 20 deg Author Northermn (West Germany) Aboterlung Weltreumphysik
INFLUENCE OF THE TROPOSPHERE ON LOW INCIDENT
SATELLITE SIGNALS IN THE RANGE OF WAVELENGTH
N71-21417#l Commnun"Isotson Reomancil Centre. O1ttawa lOnta (ic) 1S TO 2 m I
SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF PRECIPITATION G K Hartmann In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation.
ATTENUATION AND RADAR REF.LECTIVITY AT Pt I Feb 1971 11 p lSeesN71-21409 10-07)
CE111-i110111TRE WAVELENGTHS Avail. NTIS
K. S. McCormick In AGARD Tropoapheric Radio Wave 'As amplitude of radio signals trom the beacon satellite
Propagation- Pt 1 Feb 1971 12 p refs (See N71-21409 10-07) Explorer 22 has been recorded since November 1964 for the

Avail. NTIS purpose of obtaining the ionospheric etectron content from thA
M-)osurements have been made of precipitatror attenuation Faraday effect On a considerable number of occasions when the
along slant paths through the troposphere Beacons at 4. 8 and satellite was at low elevation angles, sudden increases in signal
15 GHz were carried by an aircraft which flew in circular paths amplitude were observed Detailed investigaticons Show that these
around a ritceiving antenna, with elevation angles to the aircraft enhancements are the results of diffractions of the radio waves by
for different flights between 3 and 20 degrees Simultaneous structuers within the troposphere These etfects were observed on4
meisaisutuornents of backscatter from precipitation along the prooagation20Mz40M .41Mzad36Mz erid netgto.
tethwer2 maeGHweaherrada
uing Th raar ateof Explorer 22 records fram 1965-1968 revealed that ab~ut 6%k
have been used *.r,calculate values of the path attenuation, using of alt recordings showed these troposphheric effects Very recent
empirical relations to relate attenuation to reflectivity factor Data osrain ihsgasfo h esarnysrtieAS3o
wareobtine forsitatirs
icluingmodeatewidspred rin.137 350 MHz and 412 05 MHz clearly demonstrated that similar
en intenee shower, rain cells which appe~ently contained hail in effects were detectable Author
their cores. ind situations in which a distinct melting layer was
present. On the basis of the measured data, it is concluded that the N71-211424 Forschungsinst-tut luer Hochlrequenzphysik Bonn
radar can be used to calculate values of path attenuation that give (West Geirmany)
satisfactory agreement Y.,ith the observed values, provided that hail TROPOSPHERIC PATH PARAMETERS WITH MULTIPLE
or a inlhing layer is not intercepted by the radar beam Authior ACCESS SYSTEMS IN SPACE COMMUNICATIONS
H J Albrecht and R Makaruschka In AGARD Tropospheric

N71-21418# Texas Univ . Austin

Lab
COMPAISONAvail
Electrical Engineering Research

COMARIONOF 16 GH& PROPAGA-ION DATA FROM

THE ATS 5 SATELLITE WITH GROUND SASE0 RADIO
AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA
A W Straiton and 5 M Fannsin In AGARD Tropospheric Radio
Radru WVave Prupirsiaaiiizi Pat I Feu i 97 I1t
y Min of Defence. Federal Rep of Ger See N7 12 1409 :-7

rfrnet
NTIS

meeencetionvaisadle tofr
metione i division
aeoffeu
p Sponsioreo

Design aspects for optimized multiple acces5 systems wvith

aibetoopeccniir n icsd1aiua
herucnc ndiviion. aurrp, aiccesse
multiple (IDAI
ndcdedviin
access
1,DmuAI
utut
*
Se 7-10 access IDCMA) The tropospheric parameters which are tikety to
10-Poagto0Pt17b191) rl
Avai07TI influence the cho~ice of the multiple access systemrs ;s Icr instance
AvaiNTI sigasta~ildfo h T aelt n turbulence with variable turbulence charac'eists tayerrirke
ocrecsi h oe n pe rps'- n'efcso
related ground based observations are discussed The ourpomie of
the xpeimensth relabiity nd re~ctablit ofground
i todetemin inversion layers are described to each ia~c. vie dependence
xpeimens i to
the eteminetherelibilty ad pedicabiity f o the tropospheric path links upor. the cffeýý..' etevation angle
commninucation from space at frequencies higher than presently of operation is conside~ed a mator criterion Autthor
used The ATS-5 satellite was put in synchronous orbit at 108 deg
Wear longitude Failure in one of the positioning lets prevented
sltafirization with a resulting rotation 76 cycles per minute However. N711-211422al Air 1-orce Systems Comrman~d 'Arugtit-i'alerso,.'
it Was possible to determine significant information on the AFBI Ohio Avionics Lab
transmisaroncharacteristics of the atmosphere Various ancillary data THE EFFECT OF THE PROPAGATION MEDIUM ON HIGH
wore taken including wind speed and direction, temperature, rain DATA RATE TRANSMISSiONS AT LOW ELEVATION
rate ond disrisbutuon. sk., temperature and surface radio wave ANGLES
oattnuation Author W T Hunt I~r AGARD Tropoypreric Radio Wave P-opagarion.
It 1 Feb 1971 9 p refs lSeeN71 214(`9 10071
N711-211411" Commun~cations Resarch Centre Ottawa lOntarior Avail NTIS
MICROWAVE ATTENUATION MEASUREMENTS USING A radio wave passing through a tu-bule-o nropAgatron .)edium
such as the troposphere. sjlfeis a-slort ons wr. -k are eaurvaler-t
THE ATS 5 SAIIELLITE t h eeaino
JI Strickland and J W 8 Day In AGARD Tropospheric Radio t h eeaino ee inl
int rpoaainmdu
rpoa~inmdu os
os h
* wave Propagation. Pt 1 Feb 1971 7 p rels (See N71-21409 devired SiCfnal woill Ibe rmodulated. causing unwanted noise and
* 10-07) erroneou. inle:pretation of the recreved sit,;n~tis This problem
Avail NTIS increases greatly when inne or bolt. terminals :re movir.j *apidty
The attenuation by precipitation a IS 3 G Hz signal is being through turbulent medi.. Ifre probteri is greatty ic~cesntuatedl at
measured for slant paths of 30 deagree'- elevation angle using the elevation angles of triys than 10 degre.-s berause ot the longe' path
beacon trainsissionrs of the ATS 5 satellite The skrytemperature at the signal has to tr lei through the troposphere and because of
15 3 GHz along the propagation path is measured simultaneously niullipath effects Airciat-tro-grounid rests at S band fre~juencfes
with a total Dower radiomreter Predicted attenuations are calcutated utilizing a 2b.U.(J0l bit.'sec rate and satellite-to cround t'ýsts at
from meactured values of the sky temperature Backscatler of X-band frequencies have been conducted at bandw~dths of 8 M~fz
radiation of 2 9 GHA GHz is measured with a collocated S band These~ tests are described and some of the results are summarized
Ato
radar values of tre~as racd~f reflectivity are calculated and path
116 07 COMMUNICATIONS

N71-21423# Rajiv and Space Fesearch Stationr Slough N71-21426# Radio arid Space Researc.'h Station. Slough
(Englandl (England)
EFFECTS OF TROPOSPHERIC LAYER STRUCTURE ON TRANSHORIZON PROPAGATION STUDIES AT VHF AND
PROPAGATION AND SIGNAL DISTORTION UHF
J A Lane In AGARD Tropospheric Radir. Wave Propagation. Pit M P M Hall In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation.
I Feb 1971 14 p refs (See N71-21409 10-07) Pt 1 Feb 1971 10 ; refs (See N71-21409 10-07)
Avail NTIS Avail NTIS
The neture of elevated layers of large vertrcal gradient of Me.csuremurnts made to examnire propagation modes producing
refractivity in the troposphere is discussed In aidditicn to earlr considerabie signal enhancement over the long term median on a
obseivat,ons with refractometers on aircraft. r-iuch important VHF trenshorizon path are discussed Meteorological measurementl
informat-on has been ottarned with balloon-borne instuments. Optical were made near ihe path center using a specially made radiosonde
radar Ilidil. acoustic radar and centimeter radar of hith resolution beneath a tethered Lallooir Two examples are considered. On one
Some deg are of stratification in the first few kilhmiters above the propagation mode changed twice within three hours, on the
ground is now known to be relatively common, but the precise oehor the propagation mcde remained constant despite a steady

effect of such stratification on signal strength fading charac~eristics drop in signal of 10dC Author
Doppler spect;, avdi;ib:e bandwidth space diversity and gain
degradation has been investigated in relatively few investigations N71-21427# Hamburg Unv (West Gi" nanyl Meteorological
The significance of d-inamrc stability is discussed and racen, Inst
experiments of special importance are reviewed in relation to those PROPAGATION. 16 GHs AND 17 GH. ON A
results which are especially relevant to the physical nature of layer THANSHORIZON PATH OVER SEA
structure and theor.us of turbulence Author H Jeske In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation. PI
1 Feb 1971 10 p rets iSeeN71-21409 10-07)
Avail. NTIS
Transmission measurements were carried out on transhorizon
N71-21424# Envrronmentai Science Services Administration pDths over %ea at wave lengths of 1 8 cm and 4 4 cm During the
Boulder. Colo experiments the radio field strengths and the meteorological data
REFLECTIONS FROM ELSVATEO LAYERS IN for the determination of the propagation properties were recorded
TRANSHORIZON RADIO PROPAGATION simultaneously The dominating feature of C band propagation over
Gordon 0 fhayer In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave sea is ducting by a permanently existing low level evaporation
Propagation. Pt 1 Feb 1971 14 p refs (See N7 1-21409 10-07) duct The theoretical and experimental dependence of field strength
Avail NT:S on the thickness of this evaporation duct is discussed The duct
Computations of the power reflection coefficient R for some mechanism is clearly identified Only occassronally tin about 15%
tropospheric elevated layers observed with "ado refractometers of time) the stratification of highbr layers becomes p'edomrant
show that :he mean H varies fluctuation values lrom the chi to the Author
minus 1 power dependence with standard deviations of from 3 to
14 db depend on the degree of smoothness assumed in predicting N71-21428# Hamburg Univ (West Germany) Inst for
a scatter in the wavelength dependence as obtained frcm scaled Radiometeorology
freguency.diversitv transhorzon radio experinents The mean DUCT INFLUENCES ON LINE OF SIGHT PROPAGATION
wavelength deoendence derived frri the ch, to the minus 1 power H W Fruechte-richt In AGARD T'opospher:c Radio Wave
model and the exact value depend On assumptions about the Propagation. Pt 1 Feb 1971 9 p (See N71-21409 10-07)
horizontal dimensions of individual layers compared with the size of Avail NTIS
the Fresnel zones Published results indrcate that the atmosphere The influence of surface ducts on line-of-sght propagation
consists o! a mixture of larqe and medium layers The randomness of electromagnetic waves is investigated by model calculations The
of the ch. dependence of real (rOOOsplhe:,. layers makes it difficult theoretical considerations are based on ray-tracing techr,.ques A
VCsepa ate layer and turbulence mechanisms in radio propagation linear parabolic. r-nd a loga-ithmic profile as well as a
experiments Author two layer-model and a three-layer model are employed to calculate
the total field Obviously only thu beam reflected at the surface
of the earth gives rse to a coric.- :ralion of the electromagnetic
N71-21425x Saarlnan Univ Saarbrucken 1ý,Vest Germany) Inst energy inside a tube-like striictu~e near tie ground The existence
for Appled Physais and Electroteckhnoeoev of the surface duct ho vever ms Ily Fio means sufficient for the

PROPAGATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE IN A development of the focusing eftec, the surface of the earth is
DUCT BETWEEN GROUND AND ATMOSPHERIC LAYER necessary as additional reflector The theo."ica1 dependence of the
K J Langenberg In AGARD Tropospheric Radio wave signal strength on lh- duct thickness accoirdirig to a three layor
Propagation Pt I Feb 1971 13 p refs iSee N71-21409 10-07) model corresponds with the experiment Author
Avail NTIS
The influence exerted onto an electromagnetic pulse by
an atmospheric surface duct is studied based on a duct model N71-2142Rm Resnarch Inst of National Defence Sjockholm
consisting of a i'ye; of relative remiittivily overlying an infinitely (Sweden)
conducting plane earth At the height h this permittivity decreases BEYOND THE HORIZON PROPAGATION OVER SEA AT
discontinuously to the value epsilon sub 2 The source of the 170 AND 6000 MHz
electromagnetic field ., assumed to be a vertical magnetic dipole F Eklund A Blomauist and L Nilsson /in AGARO Tropospheric
above the surface of the earth wilth arbitrary lime varying moment Radio Wave Propagation Pal 1 Feb 1971 6 p (Gee N71-21409
t
The application of a Hankel trans orm of zero order leads to an 10-071
integral representation of the Fitzgerald vector in the imaging space Aveai NTIS
of a Fourier transform describing the received signal at some point Investigations of arnomalous propagation have been made
,n a nyl-indrAl ,ronrd,npi- syeif. Th. - ver hiansfoir. at 170 and 5000 MHz over a sea path in the Baltic dres of such
of the modal expansion is calculated approximately by the method a length that the receiving antennas were well beyond the radio
of stationars phase giving a clear picture of the characteristics of horizon The received signals are separated into the following
an incoming sig.ral with the aid of the group velocity concept tvpes standard atmosphere signals ,tropospheric scatter signel)
Author ltable and not stable sirgals caused by ducting or reflections in
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 117

elevated layers A comparison of the occurrence of different signal solved by the two-sided two dimnensional Fourier transform The
types as a function of the time of the year is given The signals trn-incniioso h og surface of the ea th are fulfilled by
that the propagation is governed by different mechanisms The and by taking in account the perturbation formulation for the
conclusii)n is drawn that, With regard to Propagation forecasting. it total electromagnetic field The row transition conditions arid the
is of special importance not only to predict the occurrence of radiation condition or Sommerfeld and Muller lead to a system ofI
elevated layers but also their effects at different frequencies integral equai.ons for the reflection and transmission coefficients
Author of the zlrslurbed electromagnetic field Author

N71-21430# Stanford Univ .Calif

vROPOSPI4ERIC INFLUENCE UPON DIFFRACTION PATHS N71-214330 Centre National d Etudes dlef; Telecommunications
A T Watermnan. Jr lIn AGARD Tropospheric Redio Wave Is-vies Moutineauri (France) Dent EST'EFT
Prociagation Pit I Feb 1971 6 p rats (SeoN7t 2140910n071 INTERMODULATION AND FADING DURATION DUE TO
Avail NTIS P;4OPAGATION (LONG WVIDEBAND COMMUNICATION)
Twi- cha~actersst~cs of dJrflrztriiu paths are emplras,'ed as IINTERMODULATION ET DUREE DES EVANOUISSEMENTS
criteria for distinguishing them trom other ptocragatrori paths the OUS A LA PROPAGATION (LIAISON LONGUE ET A LAFr.6
presence of a phv'rcal otistacle obstructing the line of sighi BANDEIl
between transr-,nti.- , d receiver and the relatively stow fluctuation G H Lefraiscois In AGARD Tropospheric Radio VWave P-ovagation
bite evid.enft in the received signal The troposph(r.e affects sirraI Fit 1 Feb 1971 17 1i iet in FRENCH iSer N7 1 2 1 4 09 10 07,
chawacteris:ics in a variety of ways tout all of whirch are distinct OCNETNT EST APH ItIAvail NITIS
and separable Tropospheric scatter is a coieu)eting effect when Trie intirmiodulat: noise dIirrinq propar;§t o- of a cocrforoirrrto
conditions are right for it to predlomrrrate th'e primary result is a etinbaat6G nda-ea ,'2MHlsevutd
i fdig
make icras at Srngyretracting vertical gradients stairstir-ally for dlurat-on and cl-rptli of 'dding in order to clarify the

of refractive index effectively change tne qcin etev of tihe path ef~so hc hnmn ni-l n ueia ouai)
making the apoarerit obstacle height greater or less and shifting the Obtarried measuremrpris sho;, thai rrrier~rrodulatron no~se at median
regions r. imfixated by narrow beam antennas Phase perlurbatiocis riower becomes rioivi-4bie betoire o~t minuter bcause Of the
at the diffracting aperitre rtilluence Tth correai~tori between spaced 11. velr'lrrrq the-i I lo,,,i as sor. as tarlinri hisses beyond 10 db
antennas and thus ',he optimum spacing ow dliversity recept on teeoet-eni, sntdice oiqrwllv nlsso
Authnr the C-b rrrert
.. liopactat-on Orrat~on of tar~ng '0oisos the n~a
~tent
ctarithrrfie guiitrad rc lain toritenen
of (teptir Trans[ bryG G
t f el
F fsrhun
3 a ti~
N 7 1- 14sin octiff que iph sik B on
N7-241a Frshnoisttt ue .. ctrdenpyskBonN71-23451i ', d-Sl l,- fc. Ae ospccc R.,eaha n.
(Wes: Gearma r..; Developmnent FatirsFrancet
VHF PROPAGATION MEASUREMENTS ON MIXED TROPOSPHERIC RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION, PART 2
DIFFRACTION SCATTER PATHS Feb Ifr7t 366 p refs Cond held at Duesseldorf 31 Aug 4
R Menzel arid Kb Rosenbach h: AGrAID Tropospheric Radio Sep 19710 MuostlJ rn ENGLISH. panty iv FRENCH
7Wave Propagation Pt 1 Feb 1971 t0 p viis Sponsored bi IAGAgU CP 70-71) Avail NTIS HCS600;MFSO 95
t
Min of Defenice Federal Rep irtGer iSee N7 1 21409 t0 07l The el ects of linposcheric medium characteristics on rart-o
AvailNTIStransmission are reported Parameters of tropospheric !catlter
Variations ol diffractions link characteristics are analhzed propagation, and tropospheric p'opagatron predictions are considered -
with respeci io chal-ges ...relative effect, 0f mirllact~ron andr scatter For individual titles see N7 1-23452 through N'i -23474
compo-.ents and jue to var, ble nreteroloiobicai renditions A basic
signal analysis is undertakr and it is shoi.sn tirat the expected
received signal consists of "ree comlroneirts . it Iliactron a scatter .'d7 1 -23462k Rome Univ (Ilr~yl Electroniics Inst

and a reflectlon comloineit Exrrirrmohtil (I.j tr13 s~ deal with PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF A VARIABLE SCATTERI
two main points i Ii an explanationý of thre va- ratolsl of the averaqe MECHANISM
received basic signadl levi: of tinis i-k arid -2. iiiitrrittonf Giovanni d Auqra in' AGARO Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation
Occasionally occuring lading The variations Ot Ith, iser-aqe received Part I rob 1971 18 p refs Sece N7 1 2ia451 1,4-01i
basic level of this mixedirk carrelS, every cl-iv
of the ground temperatlri
v,11
iit~nhe variations
A ,CaSonji and I-i inat endc isas
observed iSýgood corfealairn was found tetweenr lading Iirioods the
presence oý up-er or lov~er inIelsioii layers and S.oecard wind
characteristics a's defined br diretilon arid cl.in Author
Avail NTIS HCSS 00:MF SO95
The scattering of electromagnetic waves determined
the refractive index irregularities of the troposphere is reviewed.
bearing in mind its effects in radio propagation The mathematical
formulation of the problem is briefly recalled both for raefeence
purpos~es aid in order to emphasize thre meanin~g of the hypotheses
tr
i
generally assumed Particular attention in tnirs survey is Vivan to
I1 iý Sarlad
N71-143# Safbfcke tw t Geman, Iistexperimental researches -contributing to a belter understanding of
fo Pyisad
lcrleciiioythe
ple tropospheric scatter mechanism Author

METHOD CIF CALCULATING PROPAGATION OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN AN INHOMOGENEOUS N71-23453# Stanlord Univ Call( Electronics Labs1
ATMOSPHERE ABOVE ROUGH GROUND ANGLE AND DOPPLER MEASUREMENIS OF THE
Klfus-D-eter Berker iii AGARO Troirosprienr Radio Wave SPECULAR k. N 0 SCATTERED COMPONENTS OF
Propaclation Pt 1 Febr 1971 10 p (See' N71 21409 10 07 TRANSHORIZON MICROWAVE SIGNALS
Avail NTIS N-cholas (ranos and Alan T Waterman Jr In, AGARD
It is shown that the ernriliribatiori ielirort for ca;cuiatirrg Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation Part 2 Feb 1971 13 p
the influence of ijiriu.ricis of It- earrri on fipi piritartatini orf rets ISen N7t1-23451l 12 071
electromnagnetic w~ves is also aripliratrle it- the Case ol ar iContract DAA807-70-Ct
0381
inhrmoqoneoxs etmooherrr Titr iretliot tJ~.1-f- týScribent it tw~o A~sei NTIS HC S6 00,'MF SO95
steus The ciriutroos of rAax.eil s errutii, di it hir'oclinireonrs A summary and rrnterpretltiorr of ll-ihrorrron propagation
atmnnoctere air, toriint Iny a irietlh, vv~i -Jircir
icn~the lifirtleiri to) fte experiments at ", 2 GHir over a 164 krvin 1102 milesi path using
solutijo cit two inrirlitryi nr eririatrir Th-, cat, be flrrrrall, a modified vertical 12 element data gathering rioa-y and receiving
118 07 COMMUNICATIONS

system is presented The rnea-d:-,a amplitude and ,fnase data characteristics were obtained for the real full 3cale system. surface
recorded by the antenn: drray are processed to crtjin the array wind velocity is a significant parametor This result, together with
angulta rusponse .jttcrns. and the signal amplituded6,tributions and the unusual observations of e;. mass movements in the rndel.
Dopple: a.ractra. The rp::ro data are supplementer. with refractivity suggests that near surfece circulatory air mass movement along a
and *.amperature pr-riles The occasions wher strong layers are tropospheric path can give rise to significant distortion to the
present are -eveals d not only 1)ythe meteorolc-jical profiles but also shape of the transmitter beam This Icads to the conclusion that
by the transho,.zon signal Author transhorizon propagation in the tropospheric medium may be
attributed to the effective divergence of a beam due to air mass
lenses drstribuied along a given path Author
M71-23464# Air Force Cambridge Res jarch Labs. Bedford. Mass
COMpArISON OF TURBULEN. LAYER MODELS AND
N71-23457# Federal German Post Office. Darmstadt 'W'est
HIGH RESOLUTION FORWARD SCATTER RESULTS
Germany) Research Inst
Uve H W Lammers ard John V4 B Day (Commun Res Central
Tropospheric Rar~o Wave Propagation. Pan 2 Feb METHODS OF DISTINGUISHING SCATTER AND PARTIAL
In ACAR)
1971 9 p refs (See N71-2'451 12-07) REFLECTION ATTROPOSPHERIC TRANSHORIZON PATHS
L Fehlhaber in AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation.
Avail NTiS HCS600,MF.095
The theoreticai ,,solution of a long iange scanning Parn 2 Feb 1971 14 p refs iSee N71-23451 12-071
Avail NTIS HCS600/MFSO95
forward-scatter system has been studied assuming narrow layers of
Two aistioct theories of tropospheric transhorizon propagation
homogeneously tur'ulent refractivity for the tropospheric height
range from S to I a km Tropospheric composition, as determined have been set up during the past yea.s Scattering by random
experimentally t" rough high resolut on mapping techn~ques witi:in the refractivity fluctuations and partial reflection from layer-like ",,uctures
More recent investigations showed that both mrrvanisms exist
same regime is analyzed for i's spatial and tcmporal significance
simultaneously with varying share and tha, :;ns share depends on
The results indicate that a horizontal orientation frequently exists
Hot.ever. this is not the frequency distance, altitude of thp :dyer and on the state of the
in the riper tropospher,. stru,'*A.
troposphere In order to n.r'otigate the problen, of the sharing of
genera case Based on re common voluarmr resolution and the has
to the two mechanism- a simplified model of pa-iral reflection
rang, of the rropri~onere monitored, layers have been found
been iier:.err taking into account known trooosn,hernc parameters
eyxend from 20 to 100 km and in tire cases up to 200 km
This model has been worked out numerically, and it has been
mith vsnceal widths from the resoluijon [;mit u 7 km) to several
found to agree well with empirical Jata From the results it can be
IStometers On the average, the turbulent homogeneity of !he
infered that partial reflection from finite patches of steep refractiviti
scatoerrng medium is spatially and temporally quite limited.
Author gradients prevails with frequencies up to 200 MHz With the higher
parricularf!y in the vertical direction
frequenc:ies scattering seems to predorr-inate at all path lengths
except the very sholt ones Author
N71-234S5# -i•"...., " ,.... iA, Coer••," fr fir
qadoometeoooiogy WITH SYNCHRONOUSLY OFFSET BEAMS N71-23458k Federal German Post Office Darmstadt tWest
ORSERVATIONS

ON A 77km PATH AT 1.8 AND 4.4cm Germanyi Researci Innt

OBSERVATIONS ON A 12 GHz SCATTER LINE OVER A
H D Seehars In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation.
Part 2 Feb 1971 10 p (See N71-23451 12-07) 210kmATH
Avail NTIS HCSS00/MFS095 N Abel in AGARD Tropospheric ;radro ,%ase Propagation Part
Radio experiments on transhorizon links due to variations 2 Feb 1971 9 p refs (See 5T71-23451 12-07)
of the wavenumber vectors or displacements of the conslant Avail NTIS HCS600!,1,FSO095
wavenumber vectors in space indicate the variations of the Knowledge on transhorizon propagaltion at rieoiuencrs3 aeý--,
wavenumber spectrum Results of tlrese experiments on I 8 and 44 !IH- is imnoortant *n rad-ocommun-cat~ons wheieve, transhorizor
cm wavelengths point to shapes of relractive index wavenumber links are used or problems of interference between different radio
spectra that show a strongly marked variance, but indicate a systems must be solved Some first results from about one year
median value close to 1 1 3 corresponding to the th.ory of of observations on a 12 GHz link over a 210 km pa.h ari
Megaw-Obukhnv The test ol the homogeneity lead, to an presented In certain cases, signal types attributed to tropospheric
inc~ease of t.he vertical and horzontal nomogenerly with decrea•ir.g scatter partial reflections, or attenJation and scattering by
wavelength Experiments on 4 4 cm point to a vertical inhomogeneiry precipitation are distinguished, although the exact snare of tnane
of about 1 db/"100 m Isotrol'.' tests applied have demonstrated prooagation effects was not,,et determined Tropospheric sc3tler-is far
that the~e exists a weak anisotropy of turbulence which is not prevails and thus determines the mean transmission loss relative
depeni•ant on the frequency Author to free space which was found to agree well with predicted values
and seems to be some decibels smaller than at 2 GHz on a similar
link A correlation exists between transmission loss and almospheric
N71 23456i Imperial Coil of Science and Technology London emperature nedr the scattering volume Author
(England)
A STUDY OF THE _FFECTS OF TROPOSPHERIC AIR MASS
MOVEMENTS ON THE FADING CHARACTERISTICS OF N71 .23469a Marcon, Co Lid Great Baddow (Englandi
UHF TRANSMISSION BY THE USE OF A LABORATORY Research Lati
MODEL ANGLE DIVERSITY APPLIED TO TROPOSPHERIC SCATTER
W G Burrows /I AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation SYSTEMS
Per2 Feb 1971 16 p refs (SeeN71-23451 12.07) M W Gouqh 1,; r GARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Piopagatron
Avail NTIS HCS600/MF$095 Part 2 Feb 1971 16 p efs iSee N71-23451 12 07)
Various types of fading characteristics obtained from a Avail NTIS HC $6 00. MF 5095
non-optical U H F link. are s.mulated in a simple laboratory model 1 he generation of subs!rtnially indeDendent signal paths
The fading characteristics obtained from both the real full scale over a tiropospheric scalter link by directing two or more narrow
moUeie are idebociiumi. fur liie Pm.zuiUnrw
il rb~z.
byraxo at -:itmuin"i o1 -nrhor-ph-~ mxlix
system and mne
their power spectra Results are given to show that. by compi ing attractive alternativr to suace d,vt'rsiy The above factors are
the air mass movements created in the laboratory niodel to d'iscusced and evaluated with the aid of a msutlis.ied theoretical
produce a particular type of fading and those which might exist for treatment of trupod Iriertic scaiteiin(l ,hich i. "ell %,:.;)dored by
the particular meteorological conditions under which similar fading experiment and careful corsideratici is givern t- :he ,fitrpirnce ot
 A
r ~07 COMMUNICATIONS19

atrrsuzpnerrc layering It is shown how the aggregated losses NTI-23463*o Signalron Inc Lexington Mass
enumerated above may be minimized for a specified angle diversity SIGNAL DISTOH1TIG?" AND INTERMODULATION WITH
system try correct Choice of horn feed dimensions ;n relation to TROPOSPHERIC SCATTER
acpitvantional paraboloid reflector Various two way angle diversity P A Bello L Ehrman, and P Alexander /,, AGARD Tropospheric4
systerri involving qutadruple andi six fold diversity aie evaluated Radio Wa~e Propagaiion Pa;t 2 Feb 1921 18 1) refs (See
and thenr optimized performances are compared with that of a N71 -2345 1 12.0?,
conventional space. frerruencs cuadiuple diversity system using four so
Avail NTIS HCS560 F50 95
antennas per link of like size Author Multipath models used in iiVie past filr rieslic urn lire signlalI
d storting properties of ljrsterlinks are ievrewert The
fundamental imnportance of 9t~r cela-. povwer sureclrrr m it%predictinq
F signal oisltorlon is developed in some detail Suggestions are gis err
N7i-23460q Saarland Urni Saartbucken (West Ge;ncranyl Inst for improving; rultipath niotelinq by including beam bend og and
far Applied Physics and Electronics scintillation 'he concert of beam broadeninig as !lroduc;i.j rncreau..d
DEPOLARIZAT:ON OF DIPOLE RADIATION IN A MEDIUM muitipath , iosi to i- ro, ltrl Sicir att.,i q:, .
WITH A STATISTICALLY HOMOGE NEOULS AND inialionislrps Ietir-en nidii-path p'ecail jzoathi als - Ir
ArIto,
ISOTROPIC' DISTRIBUTION OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
W biohfr in' ACARO Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagatron Part Pr
r2 Fez 1971 10 n refs See N7t -23451 12 07 NJJ-23464h Florida U-v- Pl Canaveral
M 595"'FREQUENCY
AvrtNTS CS 0 CORRELATION FUNCTION FOR
Avi TIe solution oF5tevctrwv0e9t5nwt Hraa TROPOSCATTER CIRCUITS
TI- vpto
sluton wve
ofin ctjalonvw-h HetzanA Ni Myande;s /- AGARD trrrstcrcRadio 'Aac- PIbCloa~li-oi
Ilipole as source tcrin are considered in a medj-rn .ith statrstrcaiv Part 2 Felt 1971 1' p -f-. -Sere Nil1 2345 1 1207
homogeneously and isotrola.cailv fiuc'i-at.iig peririttivity Fo' TheAvi TSH 60f0 O9
I wo limits wavelengq th ninth qielete or much smaller thian tile A mathematical nmudel for the frerjrieirýcor~ieiat~ori :uno
correlation length of the liti-tuationS tire autocorrela turn function of o rpshrcsatrhutii -etc h noe rC
toe Iepolarized ,)ail of uIn freiti is ruic-uItaed
0
, a tmoospheri cor
oflixiart ~c
ttdirrrrsaridi in~ uaees asxm~irirnirts Tises
irttdThe limit PrI smal-dl wavelenqth is treate I by lhs oert-urbatron results tlef prselir ati-e
d (h thai acctss
d esal-oriftis Die
rietrolin
o gmt iremt; rvtengh aierrrnirze d--adc feouen-y coreaition~v~ fir-tarf- orersiat' r iestahie hon one'i
Grfeen 5 linstirn rised To calculate the' f~ibi te-rmof tirle stairase cidtn
apfrox,-malior fo: flre Betne Satpi-tei estratirn rhe physical aspects
nf the lori-irras are Itisctissed AuthorNi-26x Matn reta A Olad Fa
Communications arid Electionrir s 0v-
N7 -2361x, am,,,k
Sa~i-iu: .est6e-ao, i$1CORRELATION BANOUiDI-IH MEMISUHEMENIS OVER
N~l2341x-Sal, SualarirU
ikr 'estIjirrani isiTROPOSCATTER PATHS
forApird
iir nrcsRichard:'
hrcsard A Branlurir- -r AGAR-D -61).pl~e-tiii! P e
-tri it
EFFECT OF VEGETATION UPON ANTENNA PATTERN Propagutinin Pani 2 Fun, 1971 21t '-.Si- Nil 23451
NWITH SCATTER PROPAGATION ON UHF 12 071
H Lappti I AGARD Troporspheric Radio Wave Preiratat~ron Pan( Contr~act DAABO7 69 Ci025 1
2 FEB 1971 7 p refs 'See Nit 23451 12 07. Avail 'JIS IiCSS 0 t.i 9
Ausil NTiS HC S600 MIFSO9 rý-Opaqat-'or r'Crerl-Cm e.' r-i 3,rra1:
its.*!lu tiooirca
paf,:f
na acaal
ofanant g asimultaleatirnpals i>' me-i-. r ll, ,I-i -O>eiicai :),ud!o oelficreri
angle a, used in scatter pfroat-ýatron is rlrsts..ee:t hsbttrr of the vessiqiyi) ,-
.. trnt 9 %1-11n utta-r at 4 62 antIj
field at the veijetatirn of mewarit--inh s lflrirqrotirt Thre vegetation . 6 CiHi i., rcrnirnp-'l., rif 1 frit-- oWr wta
srj o leiat~
iier a
car be reyaided a. a cnifrroiof railcieri- dstiuled seter >ticl~for two to Iiv. ~ir.reg It) na.the effects of
wtaoms at:ng antpennae iarrre~tra n.ismleeation
Trad oftheasoni Terra-ii -l.,:-tii a.t.1ri.e hxSu 200
cover..... lve I s
ieett~ auedL)wvinfl hearýts I similar farlaIn arid rleooiarrzat-oný kHz freturier - -r--_. it;!r, 8-00 wlH.- rsere aiso, madeu The
of l;ý
1ans-tedfield as kn~own li-Sin, tipo~pi~erc scatter.qa -e o,-,de e(..a
Is pa ationtes leeres are, .1esi)rtxrd byý their die/ulir crrnstaniMt, i-iu.ri-i-.~.r-... .- "- .-

U iernetnihaliun expansnir, series art, derived for Ire a seranje

aef!h iwThle form..al,-. 'inegarris tie ,calie~erl rein as a
-triiirr.0at't.a-c. issrirarrrrle, antoile 1,
depths npra1si- 0 3ti--i',lblazed tiile cross correlation4
-. pejsono the fret:s sailPir hor
built c-li'etrr of adies r irsAto
bixeconfrgrratron The concept of randomness r -dories acerages wo
tobae vrastatistical ensnrrriiile ori scatterer runt Žr.
a-ors Nil -246 i-r,
Telt acI
,'c[a: r ;: -1 -1
Their multidimensional p~robjtuilil dlistribultion is eC enpi.- sell in CHARACTERIZATION OF T; )PC P; 41 :iC SCA 'TER
terms of the one-scatterer rtihrn so as ito rak: acoiniit of CHANNILLS BY IMPULiE F-SPONSE N.FASIIREMENT
cohere nt scatItering Author ý,C flare., Abi.Gý ¾oirý R'J.
to tae Proipagati n
Part 2 Felt Wit' 12 p 'els See 1`i71Z3451 12-Gin-
Asari tjTl% Ci' -_ 00 'A SO Si

N7 1 23462x Meichigain State Unliv

CONTROLLABILITY AND SOLVABILITY OF
PROPAGATION IN TROPOSPHERE
M Z v Kaz-vwobio-.'.r /, AGARO Tioposofrirri
East Ia i-isiq
THE WAVE

Radio Viavwer.ritr-te.
reev i'
i!,r l
A tie.'. v-,' .......
t. rt
1arirr
;-iC-~nr-r
c
irg jamn

iesrrrrrl55c
t.-aalsinacdtsiieRsus
fur rru
tiierrvat-,Iririefirirl nd is
repored 5 A
n .rcn
trnte transmi.ssion

I
P~oaqibo Painseent'121,efnte' -n--i Iýtsprat -.. rnauei- caaiistiesran

Avail NTIS RCS6 00. fF SQ£5 l tIlr-ivp oritiarj Irt a,' tie troarned fro'm it Examples

anti
rig luIriarirviiai cstietr it ire Ilrier of. ortri zairi
c unorabhiit are ievievrit aid( aprlitrr to itir.-il in tiir
f.-ir
-i
e'i-
1.iu
-rs
eip n -
rri riitsm:y
.- am
Is el
i.:t
e;Ato
in rsu'iri i A utl
ihor

~e
ertiratriuis ot the was,- ir-Aralat-l -rTh tiltOpiiihifr tier-. folilows
Ahbiref e,,ew ifrIgrn" inrtiol-, arid a di-riso orhle 'el-a-rlivc N71 -23467. F:.--rrn siri i'Re'HD s-' eiI5vi ar
index -its metho-I, r.f caisulatroirs and terst-s C-rit~crlahrlir- ii t'rc -r; est
(/ran,- i
,roposcalleiproauri closes ln:e sImidy AuitIhori CALCULATING TROPOS3CA T T ER INTERCHANNEL
 120 07 COMMUNICAiIONS

DISTOITION USING A MONTE CARLO METHOD DAILY AND HOURLY FORECAST OF TROPOSPHERIC
A Wasiljeff In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation. PROPAGATION PARAMETERS
Pert 2 Feb 1971 10 p refs iSee N71-23451 12-07) H J Albrecht In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation.
(Contract T-01012) Oart 2 Feb 1971 12 p refs Suppor'ed by Mm of Defence.
Avail NTIS HC$600/MF$095 W Germany (See N71-23451 12-07)
Multicharnel signals are simulated by sets of riindomly Avail NTIS HCS6OO..'MFS095
phased sinusoids uniformly spaced in frequency The ampitudii of The present state of the art of daily and hourly forecasts
the sin-jsolds are set according to the prescribed preemphasis of tropospheric propagation parameters. on the basis of research
characteristic, some of them are set to zero to form the idle work irnown at this juncture is summarlted In accordance with the
channels The signal is transformed into the time domain with the subject matter, frequent reference is made to meteorological
aid of fast Fourier synthesis This time sinnal is the modulation conditions and their predictions Following analyses on pr3pageaton
function for the transmitted electromagnetic field The field which arperts arin their predrctab,;,ty. meteorological aspects as well as the
reaches the receiver after having bean scattered by a troposphe'- predictebilt,, for specifie3 telecommunicaton links are considered
volume is described with the help of an integral including the Author
spatial Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function Ol the
dielectric constant in tha tropospheric scatter volume Anal./iical N712S471a FOischnsnsttt fuer Hochlreuenrohsk
performance of demodulation of the calculated field in the receiver Werthhoven Was- Germany'
yields the distorted tire funcrion Again the fast Fourier transform WeRT iERMFECASNI
SHORT TERM FORECAST OF SIGNAL BEHAVIOUR WITHI
is used to analyze this function The power density in the channels TROPOSPHERIC SCA1-(ER LINKS
S
which had been originally idle is a measure of interchannel D E Marquart in AGAtRD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation
distortion The process is repeated with a sequence of random noise 9 75 235 1 7
samples from each :•an.n~le with a set of independent random Avart NTI HFeb 0
19149prfs
Avail NTIS HCo$600 .IgnF SO95
phases The distortic i is avrraged to obtain the desired solution The
results of the MOr te Carlo method approach those obtained by Foreans of si gn al i alson h sh eric catteral e
measurementsby means of meteor-ogical vales have shown ai considerable
increases of ,;gnal attenuation ccrrelate with the passage
of cold
fronts through the scatter volume and that the intensity f this
N71-23468# .entre National d Etudes des Telecommunications. signal decrease is related to the age of the front Considered is the
Issy Iles ioul- ,eaux LFran,ce) present state of research work with particular attention on the
PROPAG/. 7ION BY ATMOSPHERIC HETEROGENEITIES inteipietation of correlatior results a detailed coinparison between
NPJ^ Cý.rECAST OF ATTENUATION 1PROPAGATION PAR predicted and observed s-qnal bchavior is presented In addition.
LES HETEROGENEITES DE LATMOSPHERE IFT PREVISION signal enhancenents and the', possible forecasts on the basis of
DES AFFAIBLISSEMENTSI the occurren.a probability of super-refracton layers is dealt with
I Ro5 rtr r Cnd t I onihxs 1r A .ARf' T rnnsnihprfr tQnilrl, Wev^ 0i0- riir.rr u ,rieri.. iy g-erierii si,gia, uienavior are aiso
Propagation Part 2 Feo 1971 15 p refs In FRENCH (See treated Author
'.171-2345" 12-071
Av&.' ;TIS HCS6•OO'MFS095
A formula for calculating radio attenuation Iluctuation as function N71-23472# Institute for Teleco-n:nunrcation Sciences. Boulder.
of disiaicJ during propagation in a homogeneous atmospheric layer Colo
is developed that uses primary indice gradients of the transmitting PREDICTION OF TROPOSPHERIC RADIO TRANSMISSION
volume for calculating the receiving level Considered ate it) LOSS OVER IRREGULAR TERRAIN
starting angle effects as determinad by angular end geographical A G Longley and P L Rice /n AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wdve
distances (2) itercommunication altitude effects 31 antenna gain Propagation. Part 2 Feb 1971 8 p refs (See N71-23451
loss ch aracteristics (4) distance climate and starting angle effects 12-071
on antenna gain loss (51 a limiting law for ga-n loss in high Avail NTIS HC$600.'MF$095
resolution antennas, and 161 effects of antenna gain characteristics. A method for calculating long term median radio transmission
distance and starting angles on transmissible bandwidth loss over itregular terrain at frequencies above 20 MHz is described
Transl by G G The model is particularly useful f:r area predictions of transmission
loui as a function of distance. frequency, antenna heights. and
N71 234f9#
Lin Ss AEG Te;efu,,b,. Suk,,oiWaot GermanyR terrain characteristics where individual path profiles are not known
of Radio Link Systems Such predictions are needed for military communication and
PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPOSPHERIC surveillance, for land mobile, broadcasting. and err-to-ground systems.
SCATTER RADIO LINKS IN THE 65 GH RAN'GE WITH and for calculating preliminary performancs estimates for system
RESPECT TO PATH LOSS PREDICTIONS design The prediction model summarizes much nf our present
Klaus Radermacher and Guenther Rappallier /, AGARD knowledge of tropospheric propagation theory and has been
Troposphere Radio Wave Propagation. Part 2 Feb 1971 to p tested against measurements over a wide range of distances, for
refs (See N71-23451 12.O7) freqencies from 2010 10000 MHz. for terrain types ranging from
Avail NTIS HCS600/iMFS095 smooth plains to rugged mountains. end with antenna heights
Planning of stationAry and use of mobile tropospheric scatter ranging from very low to
systems reclq.re prediction methods of tropospheric scatter losses
for links in at., climate Prediction methods are considered as to
their application and compared to the Current state of knowledge in
the finle of tropospheric scatter propagation Test results obtained Lr N71-234734 Lockherd Electronics Co West Long Branch. N J
field testing a new mobile tropospheric -ucarter system ooerating STATISTICAL PROPAGATION MODEL FOR IRREGULAR
in the bend about 45 GHz on four paths are comparerl with TERRI.N PATHS BETWEEN TRANSPORTABLE AND
predictions The lest results were apparently at times adversely MOBILE ANTENNAS
affected by anomalous weather conditions Frequency saving J P Murphy In AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propaation
operatio. y
wtlh uadru- ,l ,J.iai ,Jd rvi--ly usilg two poiai-zations is Part 2 Feb 1971 21 p ref: !ec N171 23451 12 0)7
possible Author (Contract DAA807-67-C 0104)
Avid NTIS HC $6 OOMF $095
N71-23470# Forschuta.sinstitut fuer Hochfreqrienzphysrs A staisticas ,nodal of tropospheric radio propagation loss
Werlhhuven (West Germanyl that can be used hy ground mobile radio cornmunicatrons systems
 07 COMMUNICATIONIS 121

designers without the aid of a computer program is developed Donald G Orr and James R Quick In AGARD Propagation
Such 8 model Provides a first corderestimate of median values and Limitations in Remote Sensing Oct 1971 17 p refs ISea
standard deviation values of basic tranrsmission toss for path over N72 1610185 07-07)
a Particular type of terrain based on the assumption that Avail NTIS HCSSO0O/MF 1095
pohtho path variability of basic transmission loss is close to that of Remote Sensor flights trove beon oconducted ovalerasel in
the Mississippi Delta to destermine the sensor configuration.
a, normal distrieb-tion it. decibels The method used to develop the enaflysis techniouses and diagnostic criteria for locating engineer
model is closely related to the one used to develop the Egli model consatruction materials under Project Send The sensor utilized
for radio propagation above 40 MHz over irregular terrain The date included photography, thermal infrared, and urdellooking radar In
used to develop the model hove been measured on path& between addiction to the serial imagery acquisition ground measurements
antennas that are transportable and antennas that are mobile The ware mades in eaech of the areas under investigation TheoSensor,
only inielspendarir parameters used aie signal frequency. anternna imagery and ground truth data were analyzed by a team of
heights al. path distance Author expertS in various earth science disciplines The airborne ope- stione
and field date Collection are described and a summary of thea
analyses results with unclassified illustrations aer preseonted
N'71-23474fl Hamburg Univ (West Germany) MeteOrOlogical Author
Inst
THE STATE OF RADAR RANGE PREO;CTION OVER SEA
H Jacke in AGARD Tropospheric Radio Wave Propagation Pair N72-lOOSO Development and Resources Transportation Co.
2 Feb 197 1 11 p rols jSae N71 23451 12-07) Silver Spring. Md
Avatl NTIS HCS6SOOiMF$O95 AUTOMATIC PROCESSING OF ARCTIC PACK ICE DATA
o .radr
ang pedctin
Themehod f mri-ecm odrsOBTAINED BY MEAiNS OF SUBMARINE SONAR AND
Themetod
erre redctin
ofradr f mrcecmradrOTHER REMOTE StNdSING TECHNIOUES
are closely relaied to thet boundary layer theorv for the propagation Leonard A LeScheck. William 0 Ifiblar IIl Army Wcd Reg Rare
conditions ara governed by the tovi level vayporation uct~c in 85% anid Eng Lab. Hanover N h- I. and Frederick H Morse,
of time Over a wide range of atmospheric statility the logarithmic iMaryland Univ Cottge Perk) It, AGARD Propagatiun
prof-Is with a stabtilty dependent profile coefficient yields a good Limitationrs in Ftemnote Sensing Oct 1971 19 p refs Original
correlation between radio field stfrength and dvCt ri.ckness For Contains Color Illiatialdns ISee N72 18085 07 071
strong deviations from IriS neutral equrl'brru'r tiovever more iContract N00014 70 C GI110 NP Prul 307 1J221
com plicated l,1of~le forms are employerd Authior Avail NTIS HC S6 00 MF 50 95
Thrae remote sensors have Uteeri rised fcri nsamninto the
upper anid under surface of [tie Arctic ire p... . an upward
lookinfjg inar motinted on a nuclear sutirriarne transiting
1072-116O85 Advisory Group for Aerospace Foriseaiciý and beneath the *ce prcoducinti an under ice cfrioll a vertically
Development. Paris IF rance) mounted airborne leser vcirorucing an upper ice suirface profile
PROPA13ATION CIMITATI()14 IN REIMkOTF SENSING -nS en ronirre rirfireri oonrier rii ito A I4 - rnn rsmoe
Jofin 8 Loins.. ad IStairorid Res ln~t Man%, Park Calif :Oct Pictdur.oiiigl lear
-At ,.lui5i
w the -siiau 1ts liciriji Ust vale
1971 424 p eels Presented at the 17th Symp of Ithe itif led and anhtyiedl felouenry rdctif-iriron ot errptitirade, (iA
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Panel of AGiARO Colorado firim profile data innirsiats itrat yiiury ica ties A sharpi urn modal

I Springsb Colo
~lltustratic.,s
1AGARD CP-90
21 25 Jun 1971 Or-inral Contains Color

71) Avart NTIS HC S6 00!MF SO.195

d'srswtiruion ()ldar miore limbled lit has a brood
dtistribiution and old much id~fice
The same analytical technriques were ciqerl to prccess airborne
rasted unm modal
list to or rn',daI l drtribtro un
Tle~lorstrcal and ex~perimental performance analyzes are rater wni-r'le data of peck ice Anaslysis -f profiles of muil, yeart
raporitd (fr various remote sensing systems in orider to dvleiolp ie and Young -co ol~ow that rhe youngU o intsie urseler amplitude
their propagation ranges and surtablthires in rotationi to investigatedl if all ridgej spacirigis t', for tran 20 n, rlan 'loss tie~ rmultr Veart
mewdia Results cover the spectrum from optical lii rajii ice Airborne infrared iorann-ru in-suery o~f track ce was
*frequencons For individual titles. sea N72 16086 t1frouUi colclr irintrield risind a spttetl 'fete cisttenr A %-ipiltrad energl,
Nfl2l1t119 tralarrie eqacuation was used as a niethooi I', daie n,r A thickness
rjt is. ,.annood Author

N72 1W60S~ Army Firgineer To0pigraphic Lars. Fort Salgou

Vol N72 16809a Coriifirornationnvs Iletesicti Ca,*ntis Ottawa
* ~~A
PROGRAM FOR THlE DEVELOPMENT 0O' ADIVANCEOQiviu
CAPABILITIES FOR COLLECTION. ANALYSIS. PRODUC THEORY AND IIELD TESTS OF A MICROWAVc_
TION AND DISSEMINATION OF MILITARY GEOGRAPHIC RADIOMETtER FOR DETERMINING SEA ICE THICKNV;S11
INTIL LIOE NCI
Kenreth A Koihe in AGARD Propagatioon Limitations in A 'W Adoy In AGArlC) Piul-agalioni tirniistiolr' oii Remote
Remote Sensing Oct11971 38 p ISa. N72 18085 07 07l sensaing Oct 1971 10 p refs IS's NI) 16b085 07 07l
Avail NTI S HC $6 OOM F S0O95 Aver' NTIS SIC,6 00. MF S095
The objtectives of the R&D plogfirani aer identified as A therr.. tinal analysis oft UHF emso-i;-s lionni sea ice &rid,.0
collection systems, data reduction systanis arid informatrron soneewate is u-.itlrnrrd A radiometer system dissligned to obtsouvi
systems To improve date collection capabilrtie.% work it described these emissions orieraltrig at Ireqirericres foliri 400J Mi-I t0 11
sassociateod wrilt, idetoohioriq sinboine radar end color riultrbetrd G(tzlet toi freer asrigne'1 and buill The risujlts if initial gifouni
photognaplric systems To improve lies data reiJuctrori rasiseih traseil and Sairlne, lost* of Ioisis siririiriw#t or pmrecnitoft Initre
and development leading to automated image data extraction resrults tend to cotfnfir the Ithioretical ouriatysis end preidict runs
capabrtlyt is reviewed Then the development of a military Aullhci
erogrphic information systen, wth an example outptiu if
outlined iniirefat-om toanl overall conicept in r~unilusrj;. it N72 1O6090k Kan-ss U,.iv lawir-ie IljriviSrsr , 0 ..V jo
appears thre research and
development objectives can tire alartirect RADAR IMAGING APPLICATIONS PAST. PRLS1tENT,
to implement the concept of c'pertslions in the 1905 limie frame AND I U TORE
Author "Weictai V Mnnue It? AllAH0l~ Prilialtsliiri lrinitations it,
flentote
7
Sonnsirg C~rt 1911t ) 1, ~'SfniIsrie Ni' 18086
01 0 )
M72-160970 Army Engineer 1opoyraphir: Lobs lit Selvoir Avail NTIS541 H(S#r 00 MS Sri iji
Vs Surre ofl the tiruieri alilic -stuns.)ifraijlar ve Outlinled jond
PROJECT SAND REMOTE SENSINGO F OR ENGINCER fulire afrrr(Alr
Sirir ire s'g~setAlthoujjf reotriclei ngeirit to
11
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS iiaii yrrI- iif ii s
-q'.0 .i.i.. tr 'ijjCý l'aru of
 122 07 COMMUNICATIONS

- non-imag-ng radsrs to determining wind sp..ds over the ocaeans S S Vieptee. A Shopir . 0 L Hammond. and E A Ulimns fIn
Appltictons to be include geology. gegah.hydrulogyr. AGARD PrtopagationLrte
bntsona in Remote Sensing Oct

-
bioogeography (including agriculture). oceanography arid 1971 13 po tef (See N72-16085 07-07)
cartography Author Avarl NTIS HCS6OO/MF 1095
A radar sse hrebeen developed with a suflicieoollt0

Goo2-10514ari SttonvcelnRue
Lntharopoog etoan warves The radar illuminates a 70 cm diameter spot on
CeogLAph and
VE AnRVhroFTHologyE
UNC the ocean a; ormal incidence and three wave polle seae placed
CPRULAIVCE, FPEN UENA CUVSOiHE REn a delta configurationr around the Spot for ground truth
PROINCE."JPavneM measurements A corner reflector es placed at the centfer of the
Anto~.3Leiaand Williami Wails (Arkanisee Univý fle antenna beam to calibrates radar measuremrents both in rangG
AGARD1 Prpagto
IS"tnN72 07nin07 Remote and amplitudes Wind conditions sa re onitored using the lower's
1971 l~pSeeN7216050707)angemnomreata The"a ground truths are then used in rotlting the
Avaid NTIS MC S6O /MF SOBS5 radar meesuoremenla to actual amecondietions The wae" heights
Histograms and cumulative frequency curves of terrain slope encountered range from two 13 L-a feet Results ef the radar
a1`e fimo~rtant in the Quarlitetrvre description of georinceirhic maeraurements aer presented anedcompared with Simultaneous
region. and aid in the study of land utilization and terrain aov pole measuremrents of the "ea surface structure Author
rmohelry Recently a metOd for obtaining such terrain slopeo

informaetionr from radar irrIalery wee developed utilizing the

necaresary relationahip between terrain slope end the depreeasion N72-16096# Njoval Research Lab. Washington. D CI
angl for the occurriroce of radar shadow* and the variation in REMOTE PASSIVE MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS OF
comepression. angle from near to far range across the radar imnage THE SEA SURFACE
TNe cheracterielic shape of the cum-ilative frequency curves for James P Hollinger In AGARO F'ropogstion I.mritation.o in
four gene joI geomorphic (oregion in Panams..plains. low hills. Remote Sensing Oct 1971I 7 po rats (SeeoN72-t6096
high hilis arnd mnoiintarrrs .priivd diagnostic and aubetaitalcd 07-07)
bo-th the qualitative geomrorph.. boundaries and the quantitative Avail NTIS HC Sb0O,'MF SO95
il~oper data deteirnined from radar imagery Dotly QuantrItatie The important potential of all weeather delote-:itiion of
regionai slope infofrnatron is available for the poorly mapped ocean surface wind fields brymeant of temote passive microwave
Darien area in P~nama Author sensing is discussed The wind speed dependence of the
microwave brightness temperature of the sea rfe interpreted as
resulting primarily firom small scale wavex structure at wind
11172.¶5601112"il Kansas Univ Lawrence Dept of Geography speed* below about 15 to 20 rn/sec and from the increasing
VEGETATION MAPPING WITH SIDE LOOKING AIRBORNE Loverage of "ea :osm at higher wind sp-jeds Moveasursements of
RADAR YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK these two effectasare presented and the chara-teiratics of eaur
Norman E Hardy Jerry C Corner. and William U) hickman In described separalely The two effects are combined to *sternal*
AGAAO Pr1"opagastion Limitations in Remote Sensing Oct the fatal microwave brightness tremperature dependence of a
1971 19 pv rets lc.. N77 i RORt 1A7 (V/I .vir4 - .g.v.uli or si T.k-i irnjetlieit.
the
(iContract NASO 102CI I two affects allowe the determination ot ocean surface wind fields
(NASA CR 125641l Avoil NTIS. I4Z SOOMF $0gs over the entirie range of wined speerfs Author
CICL 01111
The purpose of flhis -. iudy 0. to delimit the vegeitaton
coommunrites of Yellowstone National Park to the greatest extent 1172 ¶46096i Naval Reseaoiclr Lab Washington. 0 C
poeaibfa by oinerpreeting SLAR imagery and to identity !Iectois REMOTE SENSING OF OCEAN EFFECTS WITH RADARI
which could be modified or controlied to enhen a milioirmf ion
content lor any future SLAR vegetatioin mapping project* The N W Guirnaid In AGARO Propagation Limitations in Remotea
onterpretation approach to the SLAR iniagery was 11ut to define Senaing Oct 19t/ I1 N p rafs 'Sae N72 15065 070D71
the bounda~ries of th, vegetation Commnunilies After boundiary Avail NTIS HC $0600: MVFSO095
definition a craSs11ifatrorr Of vegetationr types was established Remote [email protected] of ocean surface effects is teportei with
beeed upon elevzoions moisture and Slorpe features evident in the objective of evolving theorfetica models of these effects to
the SLAR image To assist in the classlficatrort of the vegetation aid systems design and t1e acquisition of date in situ anid inI
communities a matixnisinepretation key was constructed laboratory simulations to determine approprrate parametric
Comparison of the vegetation niap developed from StAR and relationships The four frequency radar system a calibrated
tihat prepared from grouned truth dara po-ins to ite ability of an airborne measurement facility has been estensively used for the
"":ty ;rr.4irs~ehI& .d -*.uiel-rr iiformnationr at ins in situ data collection The radar is capable of operating
comer inity level Author seq~iintially on X band 18910 MHzl C bend (4456 MHO) L
band 11220 MHzI anid P trend UHF (428 MHOl with both
( horizontal and vertical polarization A review of the theoretical
110P de111113llo
and.,. LA
A V TuiensThnAHR le1ationds
Poagu wad*e apectrahae lean revlvadiondhp usprsedntod
otIn ane
THE RADAR SACK StATlER OF VEGETATION course of the st udy t wo new techniques !or remotely sensing
Limitations in Rome,-r@ Sensing Ort 1971 7 p) rats (See eoplonation for the wovelangi..t dependence of the sea refturn in
N72 18065 07 07t low wind field% Author

Avail NTIS rIC56 00/Mtll S$095

To study the possible use of -sria* tune ini SLAR imageryI
for inventory puisooses a series of mneasurements were performed M72 1WOS74 Forschungsinestitut luet Hochfiequensrpmysik.
ot X bend land some at Ka bernd) on, the tiacksicartai coefficients Werlhhovari lWest (,crnanyl
of single fields in an agricultural area hicriugh 8 comrolte PROPAGATION EFFECTS ON MONITORING ATMOSPHER
growing season Use was moade of a foslti:e platform with tires IC FINE STRUCTURE USING 810k SCATTER ON APPROP.
radar at an altitude ilf 76 m stbove tha Ist~erri The infrluence of RIATt FRi OUENCIE a
the weather or. Ite l.r crlei c is sluiliert Ivycomparing
,ffiin H J Albiechl and M Pri'iing In AGARD Propagation
the Measurermenits winith lires nuiul of err butcemalt weather Limitations ...Remote Sensing Oct 197 I 7 p refs (See
station Author N72 16086 07 071
Avail NTl; Hr. Sll (1( Mt Sofgo
N72 16094# Nav~alResearch Lab Wasinrigorn DC Hulburt Tha Vn'ai~brlr1ie& of setlendineg side scatter @n@lye*to higher
It 0 ) C~enterfor Space Regseach. frequencies are examminm) with regard to tIre very timely subject
WAVE HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS WITH A NANOSECOND of mo0niitf-gitiJ r pollution above indiirstirel areais ctities great
RADAR other ertpoteijmt area T7eIits of ieaciorigi aippopriate element
 F O7 Ci- - - -

07 COMMUNICATIONS 123

9-44% a well &a the comrb~instion oif such methods With REMOTE SENSING OF TROPOSPHERIC STRUCTURES
turbulence analysis by siodoscatter raconsidered for theUIN HIH ESLTO RA R
pijpo§e of estimating th, degree of1ddanger and its
variation jH Flichit.. E E Gossar and D R Jensen in AGARD
Author Propagation Limitations in Ramote Sensing Oct 1971 13 p
ref.- See N72 160e5 07 07)
Await NTIS HC S6 0O'MF $0 95
N72 16090# Fengler IC IHamburg (West Germany) A vero,sensitiveultrahigh resolution radar hsa beon
REMOTE SENSING AND ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS dovlasc~petd for the DuiPOSe Of studlying tirereforactive index
C Fengler in AGARO Propagation Limoltatrois in Remmoe structure aft he Iroposphero The radar is a ground blosed
Sensing Oct 1197118 p teta IS" N72 16085 (17 Oi vironcally pointing FM CW radar with a range iesolution of one
Avart NTIS HC SE 0OMF SOB5 moter The radar And its pierformance characteristics ar& described
Since absorption and scattering as* well-known effects for The radar routionly detects faver structures in the low@
the propagai~on limitations in iror;el, sensing by electromagnetic Iropospl-tere Those layers are always associated with griadients
waveis refraction. reletona well aS ducting affected by in the vertical reliactive rindex profile and are frequently very
atmospheric layers&( -rlonsidonred The reflection coefficint of thin approaching the resolutron uf the i*dei Very often they are
t
Epstein profiles is treated in order to illustrate the effect of total peitufbeci by wave moro~is (sarn-piris, viirus
a wnave piatrlins
reflectiocn 1_1 grating incidence The deflection from a concentrioc are prestented A~thOi
lay*, oatorys starning at the earth s s-irtace and of rays coming
Irorn the outside of the earth is considered i:ýe theorstitol N72 16102# WVscon.umn
ijiriv Miorldililon Geophysical and
tre'lment is comspleted by presenting results 01lmeasurements of Polin FtenAraicl Uantoi
en earth earth radiO link as wall as of a space earth radio link EFFECT OF SEAM WICTH ON ACOUSTIC SIGNALS
evoulaleod under the aspect oilaI itore
ilrospfei. layer structurre SCAT-TERED AT A ROUGH SURFACE
Author C S Clay aind G A Sanrlnes.n Ito I.(GAM Piouiagat v'.ii
Limilaticni ii. ARecrriote Sie,oii- 0. t 19?71 8 ti refs ISPee
N72 IfrOBS ()7 07,
N72 160990 Wisconsin Univ Millddlelon Geophysical and Awal NTI;lI C S6 00 "A S 09S
Polar Aseesich Canter urle, winars ati ,iust. hiliiiinir.-vnt i' ov-t fade iii a laboofatuiy
ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING OF ICE THICKNESS larko ...itr~ the Siqialio rnere toi-alleiei at a rliid bowitri
11ri liate rni, ruugtine~s ,nri1 saltail cotrilatili~r function uf
C R Bentley and J W Llaugh /li AGARD Pri.pagation the Sici&- irieiy nieiiguiei try rir~tn height probeis The rnto (if
0-niattorry in Rermocte Sensing Oct 197 t 7 p elsf ISee ltre mean ractirdiiJ sigro-v scatloie~i a fil itii UnC $,,,face aird that
N72 18005 07 071 ieflctirfd At the liot Suiftce was ineauiri fiji vslical
Avail N~tS HLS6800 MF S095 rtia
toii,le I von thou~jh the suirface was torughi Itt mrtrrAi rectified
The efficiency of ice thickness determminatin ...Anitarctica signal was inveistol, tiaptirronal to the srour'ie diostance plus
and elsewheirelhes been vastly imliuved by the use at nor--,z hoilsanril Ar lailjri rrinitifti.ie li therifleclion ScLitering
et(lomijrerCsrnu1ri% The Clioaitisorririlf whrrh is lrto.cespenrrii:.u-ic tircdim idth ant Icicr 11) the vuijal pilane
basically a low frequency radar system is easily adopted to use interlace reflectionurrnctuur Authori
in arn ainrcat and is capable of measuring IthckneSses of ice at
great as 4 km Since pure ice has an extremely low conductivity
eloctifomegnetrr. wave propagation at1 A ftreu19ny Ot Airounrd 35 N72 16103"o Natiiri1 Aerurraco-tir l.in Sprace Aiji......ifliationh
Itz is eSSerilially non dispersive Absorption takes place or, IaNRAEDl SAi-e-) MUlLTISETA
WREMO'S7Eu.
close accordance witlh the high frequency fail of a UstiebyFAEeN M LIPCFA RM - ESN
toleration spectrum anti is h.ghlv temperature dirterident the Atile I-A(kL Nuasot n,.jui M -e
aften-istion factorvarying trySOGtOO rlb kim over the range at MeS-
A t 1ue 19 11 )
31 eisprair .rngl~llriiir0 iii (74i101

*Ctteiuitioo. in wenty cold rce is so small that it is sibmrit~tnally lat lutii 1w. i 1(050707
them the normal spherical spteadrig loss Josses ocurring C #t the, NASA TM0X 61?4961 Anal NTIS If St,00 MIF SO 'J!
reflecting boundary are about 10 201db) foi musl eairh triratarals CSC_( t46
but may be more If the boundfary is rough At a stari ice Sea thre histiory of -1itirid hrorn rtu ilscuveiy in 18W0 try
weter boundary however tirea reflection lost is only 0 5 dli Harsiciet is Sloatho
he eMcant advanicenleerrs die descrir -1
Aullicri lending~ tutotinriulinirrrAnie remite sesfing rievi-ii 11
piedrfurarir, of swit itryirces is Iliusflefe and lulip iliferirirs i
rienelijopmnt cot rrirC ins receint esrersioi -,f 0irv ... 1'ior
N72 161010# Afrmy F nginaer Totiogiahhic fetr. Fort Salronc sainert ftfirlre nitjlliSfreclral sensirrg and paittrn oro~norJtiOri
Va 11ei is desci-c.l Results from such systeirri are shown
A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROPAGATION limitations in their utility due to lack of uiidiristanoi, Of
AND0 REFLECTION OF PLANE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES signatures or, daScrlited end lirkery lulura dewenj-eiitrerr .te
IN A NOPI"4HOMOGIENEOUS ISOTROPIC MEDIUM outlined Aulthor
Richard A Hecenor In AGARD Propogatinn Limitations in
Remote Sensing Oct 1971 9 p rat% (See N7? 16085 N72 16104eF ti ntroiriue ofat de l'lsij4ue LatIxri4tuir dJ
07 07) Ap',rtutires Parirs :Francel
Avail NtIS HCS80o( iff S095 FUNDAMIEN1.1L AND PRACTICAL LIMITS OF REMOTE
Understanding oftitie propagation of eleCllntronagil1c waves INFRARED IMAGING INSTRUMENTS OPERATING
in natural terrain surfaces can be aided by solvning the vector BETWEEN 2, 6 AND 10 MICRONS dC1
t
wave actuation l o the case when the conductivity Itie dielectric I Liesnigrias In ACARE) Propagation Limita tirs oii Rlermote
constant and the magnetic permeability are -inctions of still Sensing Oct 19? 1 14 Ii refs lot F AENCH I (,LISH
depth The protilem to he analyzed is that of a nonhormogeneaus bunirnar, 15e9n N72 1608Si 07 O7l
half space wt ar the conductivity anil dielectric constant are Avail NTIS fMC $6 00 MI SO)95
arbitrary functions of depth The IUssic aptiroach employed is that Mooainadvantages of infraed~i r~fririn tar fremote sensing
of ltie geomernincal optics sulution (fitrilawave equationi The fina~l are riurlined and tire rotations bretween space limne andi signal
retsults yieldexpressrios for the magnitudfe stitf these of An levii resolvinij power of the wirrtumerits are considered iii the
alec~ounaiuo~ic'!r pro; ja3t~ur in thic r-ictc.,,ii iioiAjriiiiiir sifflix is of sifinal Arleitinaliont And stray radialtirit An
for horizontal And vertical polaritalioris Authori inalyini of :re hypoithesis anti results oti a corripulation of overall
atmlosphric, transmittance for instruments ucoring various types of
ileIeclorsanri giverr Thi% contri-ltlorr takes into account the
N72 1161101I Nantl Electronics Lah Cete for Commnninrd idiorli'iur soni diltlircirin Ilygas .s arid aferosols in horizontal
(ontrol and i.ommunicati-ois. Sari Oar1; Callf propsyagaricn versus tho itistence Author
12 07C M U IAIN

I72ll 1O106 bile Univ lFrancel Lab d Opt-que Atmospherique parameter pulse-height analyiet which provi~,d a real-time
ANALYSIS OF RADIOMETRIC INFRARED SEA TEMPERA. indication, of the transmissin arid the quality of ohe data A
TUNE MEASUREMENTS spectral mcan over tho laear output was obtained by sending a
P Y Deschamps. P Lecomts. and J C Vanhoutte in AGARU potion of the Ioser boom through a 3 3 m goating spectromneter
Propeastion Limitations in Rsfmote Sensing Oct 1971 9 D which was preset to a narrow soeotal region within one of ohe
refs In FREN~CH (Sea N72-18086 07 07) two output regions of the laser The Spectrometer was scanned
Avail NTIS NCS6800/MFS5095 over the laser output and the transmission obtained as a founction
COrrectio Procedures Sre described that provide real ot wavelength Data arid theoretica calculations ,0ar presented
temperature data for a See surface from infared radiomerric tor a 480 m path length, a temperature of 30 C. and a C02
measurements The primary error source is reflection of W! ~ presiure of one atmosphere Author
radiation from the surface it is corrected by foal measureman's
at sea level The secondary error is caused by tiansmsaion N72-1S109# Iansa inev Lawrence Cooter for Research.
through th, air loyer between the radiometer and the sa, It go Inc
c~orrected theoretically Above described corrections provale EFFECT OF ANGULAR VARIATION ON TERRAIN
absolute temrpedrature values for the "easurface with an accuracy SPECTRAL REFLECTIVITY
of about 0 1 degree Tiansl bry G G Dwight 0 Egbert and Favywaz T Ulaby In AGARD Prcpagation
Limitations in Remote Sensing Oct 1971 10 p refs (See
N172 16086 07 071
N72-1610O# bila Univ (FirtnceI Lab r' Oplique Atmosphierique (Contract OAAK02-68 C-0089)
ANALYSIS OF RADfOMETRIC INFRARED MEASURE. A.ail NTIS HCS600;,MF 5096
MENTS ON CLOUD TEMPERATURES AND STRUCTURES A tfv~hnique is deicribed that determines the optimum filter
combinations and the feasibility of mulliband photographsy in the
Y Ftuquart and J Lanchole In AGARO Propagstion Limitaticiis visible and near infrared regions in plannin3 remote sensing
in Remote Sensing Oct 1971 8 p refs In FRENCH (See missions The test orovides mullispectral reflectivity curves not
N72-16065 07-07) On'y for targets to be identified but 81-0 for 'hos* background$
Avail NTIS NCS56OOi'MF 5095 against which they are encounteroo The procedure incorporates
The angular distribution of radiation intensity in a cloudy a method for determining spectral reflectance 3s a function of
atmosphere is Studied by the 4 3 micron carbon absorption baind solar altitude. oncidencs look angle and azimulh look angle This
Evaluau'-n of the observed spectral frequencies shows that angular dependence of reflectivity i significant and an iid in
radiation transmraroion depends on the optical thickinesses of detecting certain targets it was found that for one
cloud layers Trans] by G G target -background par( (asphalt and grass) the contrast ratio
ranges from 2 1 to 0 5 1 under rirffiorrt angle conditions
Author
N72-16107# tlaior Environmental Satellite Center.
Wash;nytnn. DC 11172-11111011 Army Engineer Topographic Labs. Fort Selvoir.
FACTOFr5 ArFECTING T1,41ACCURACY or ZEA sunRACE Vs
TEMPFRATURE MEASUREMENTS FROM ITOS-S711 DATA THE USE OP COLOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE
RECONNAISSANCE OF SOILS AND RUCKS
J Lease W Pichel 6 Goddard. and R Brower In AGARD Abiaham Anton In AGARD Propagation Limitations in Remote
Propagation Limitations in Remote Sensing Oct 1971 13 p Sensing Oct 1971 t0 p refs (See N72-16086 07.o7)
refs (Sws N72-.6085 07-07) Avail NTIS HC 58 00!MF $095
Aveil NTIS HCSS0OOMFSO509 A spiccsiared interpretation of soils and rocks can be
The improved TIROS satellite Sensor package contains a obtained from aerial photography in color In using aerial color
two Channel scanning radioometer which operates in the 62 to film, the three layai emulsion presents a rorisr readily underst~oco
73-miron visitle range and the 1065 to 1265 micron infrared speltral relationship than can be obtained fiom black oird-white
water vapor window One of the primary applictions of the IP film the reconnaissance of inaccessible areas with their rock
data is the operational detarmination of global sea surface structures is more rapidly analyzed then solely by ground
temperatures The ubtective at to make statiatically1Vintegrated exiploiration Geologists analyze Soil conditions using
imesaurem-%'.. over areas approximatety 100 km on a aide. 1 20 000 scale aerial color and infrared photographs together
which agree with giound truth measurements within a with spaise generalized Wround information Author
root mean-square deviation no larger than I C A quantitative
error analysis of the ITOS system. combined with tests on rell 1472-1611 IN Pt'rtas UJ'v. Laweence Dept of Geor~gaph~y
data. shows that the objective should be reached using only IN N AAYI FMLISETA MGR O
date in regions where the magnitude of the temperature gradient A NLSSO ~TSETA MGR O
ais le then 2 C per 100 km In legions where the temperature TROPICAL LAND USE DISCRIMINATION
gradients are 2 to 4 C per 100 km tho inclusion of SR datet from Roland 0 Mower In AGARO Propagation Limitations in
the visible channel to reduce cloud conteminaticin errors ahould Remrote Sensing Oct 1971 16 p refs (See N72-18065
plece the accuracy obpective within acci~ssible limits Author 07
07ntac I0001.207
Avail NTIS HC S6 00 MF 5095
lm.-gory data from a number of flight lines over Puerto Rico
N72-16106# Atmospheric Sciences Lab. White Sends Missile were analyzed to determine to what extent solectcd land use
Range. N Men classes could be discriminated using convenitional mege
ERSI1111UM LASER PROPAGATION IN A C02 ATMOSPHERE oi~rrtrpatlation techniques The results were it-on sompared with
IN THi NEAR INFRARED those obtained through u~e of a seminautomated
Kenneth 0 White E Howard Holt. Stuart A Schteusenor (Now densitometer,'comnputer Liircess The Semio automated technique
Mas State Univ . La- Cruces). and Robert F Coffee (NOAA was also employed to derermine which of the nine imagery
flou'der. Colo)I In AGARO Propsgatirn Limitations in Remote channels (Ektachrome blue, green. red, and 1R. multiband blue,
Seising Oct 1971 5 p rets ISee N72 16065 07 07) green red and IR. and IR scanner) provides the best disciiminatioon
Avail NTIS NCS6800/MFS5095 for each Of the a$nd use classes cotrici'ered A number of
The tfrasmission of laser eneorgy in a carbon dioxide tentative conclusions were made regarding the roeltive
atm,)sphere hes bear- measured in the 1 64 micrometers spectral performance of the imagery channels leatod Author
region An erbium leser was used whicr) noo two ouiputi
emission regions in the syo-safe realm of the spectrum The C02
Sample was cuntainedl in a pressisre and temperature controlled N72 16112# IRA Systems Group Redondo Besch Calif
20 m. White cell The monitor and transmitter laser pulses were SEA BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES AT MICROWAVE
detected by germanium photoidiodes and recorded on a dust FREQUENCIES
 07 COMM UNI CATIONS 125

R J wegner and P J Lynch In AGARD Propagation J Roiettger Inr AGARD Propagation Lorrw*alions in Remote
L-.atosin Remote Soniing Oct 1971 16 p, raf* (See Sensing Oct 1971 10 p refs ISee N72 1M085 07 071
N72-0085 07-07) Avail NTIS HC S6 0O.iMF SO095
Avail NTI S HC S600/ MF $0 95 The reliability of remote Sensing sys'eins. making use of
A compltelegeometrtat optics theory C roritgh-surlce :Ioctromasgnetiwave propagationis corrsiderably influenced b
emission and scattering is developed which accounts eripticrity propagation limilatrons due to the varying refractive indexr of the
fot surface shadowing effects and the contributions of passed and sensed medium Monte Caru calculations simulating
double-scattere-d radiation The validity of the emission theory is an experiment by statistical computer mathematics, are carried
souto
i non herm sproved whc salse.frtransequatorral rdopt naWetGermany Tsu~neb South
this domain of geomatrical optics the existence of rigorous upper West Africa These calculations yield iritofmalron 8b-Uut the error
and loiwer bounds to the reflects of surface roughness on probabrlhty and reliabrility cirf -rrnrrrg the determination of
~~rgt i-iee.
'~s 'hsrie Pieksk ripresentaticin yields the arderefecition areas in the iclustoriai zone. using probability
upper bound provided shadow corrections at least. are Included. distributions of tire srararmcit-rs of 6icnc~pheric 'Wave Propagation
while an alatenative representation provides the tower bound Statistical tests prove that the rasul-s. computed from remote
Microwave birightness temperatures for the sea o;e calculated for measured data Lr 1 means of a tAonte Carlo technique, agree
a cylaindrical roughness model Double scatter contrtbutinns are sufficiently wsell with direct n~easire- rents at the equator

calculation of brightness ten-., eratures, is possible A model acuaei

itterrflui'. forhontbeapeiead,
wind driven spray layer is integrated into the theory and
semi empricel corrections lor loam added, the results agree welt N72 16116m Michigan State U-rrv . Last Lai'sii~g
wirth rough sea data Author TURBULENCE AND REFRAr.TIVITY CHANGES AND THEIR
SENSING BASED UPON t HE WAVE MceCHANICS THEORY
MZVKrzywoblockr iii AGARO Proriagat~on Limitations in
Remote Sensing Oct 197' t0 p refs ISee N72 16085
N472.161 13# Air Force Cambridge Research Labs . Bedford 07 O71
Meau Avail NTIS NC S6 0- M F £095
STATISTICAL METHODS OF INDIRECT PROBING OF THE Some methods )f the quantum field thilcri in statistical
L ATOSPEREphysics are applied) to a Bose type of mredliumr fluid The
VJFalcone. ir and K Mario In AciARDi Propagation application 0f tire wave mecharics theory to a sp.atial domain in
Limitatlions in Remote Sensing Oct 197 1 5 p refs iSee a turbulent tir-ld is outlined anir the propagation of waves in a
N72 16085 07 07) turbulent inirirurn is foirmulared by (tiei Tataiski method This is
Avail NTIS HC S6 00 MF 50 95 accomcian-ed by a discussion of wave scattering in the turbulent
It *Three statistical methods lor inversion of the radiative atmospnere as welt as of the influence of the turbulent field
* transfer aquatioin for any Fredtrolm integral equation of the first upon the niagnilude, anJ the variation of the refiactive index for
ar e.niireu Fu r It. ev cfu.u.*-'duwve,, uL.v ."::aw,.;-ra.. .ý. :tc ý,nc..: 0!
electromagnetic Spectrum the unknown funeticin to be determined sensinig to thre status ot atmospheric turbulence and feliactivit'y

atmnospher-c temperaltue Westwater and Strand determine the

temperature profile by applying linear estimation theory Tikhonov
on the other hand assumes ZSmoothing functional which is N72- 161171~ Kanis. . Univ Lawrence Center for Research.
minimized by the Euler Lagrange equation These two methods Inc
are shown to be equivalent when appropriate identification of ON BACI(SCATTERING FROM TWO SCALE ROUGH
terms is made and where the regularization Itirr of the SURFACES
smoothing funct~onal Is a linear differential operator This A K Fung andl-N L Chair friAGARD Propagation Linirtations
equivalence is shojwn by use of Bayes estimation which is in Renrore Sensing Oct 1971 13 p rets 'See N72 15085
equivalent to the lnear eslima-ion theory and In which thre same 07 07,
functional tormi a,. the smoothing functi~nal is minimized -Contract NASt 100481
4
Author (NASA (R 1 25 52i Arail NTIS HIC £600 MF $095
CSCL 20N
The Iwo scale composite rough suifarr. model usually
N72 16114bi Office National d Eludes et de Recherches considerted is conu niade up 0f large undulal~oris over which Sm'all
Aerospatietes. Paris iFi~ncel iregurarroes are superi..mposedi this general rmodel may be
IMAGE ANALYSIS BY MULTIPLEX CODING turihe stif lrvrderl into two other models I ItI the large untdulations
Andre Girand Inr AGARD Propagation Limitatior-s in Remote are tart)- in diniension than thai of the 11ir--naled area so that
Sensing Oct 1971 15 p refs In FRENC'I ENGLISH within the b~ear-. of Illumination the p~ctiure is a tilted periurbed
summary (See Ni? 16085 07 071 plane and 121 !he iarge undulations are of such a Size that at

Avail NTIS HC £60O:MF 5095 least Sevcral unidulationis can be found within thre beam 1he firstI
An incohernet radiation distribution is analyzed by means of model is essentially the small peri-irtlation model The second
a system whose radiation transducer is a flbs detector receiving model IS much nmore co-rplicate-i the contrib~ution from the
incoming signals in a coded for-nnhe coiling presents the small irreflularitiis mray be computed try surirming powers Iron
characters of a multiplex mnethod sures tie6 opt-mum use of
it the large 12cets constirriring the large unidulations The 10181
* I the available time to analvie tire distribution r;ider study as the contribution from the urunposite surface is then taken to be that
flux detector receives during the whole analysis turne the Irom the large undirla:.ons plus that from the small irieguarte
radiation Issued fromi all the elements of the space ririction A averaged over the aiq~e uindumlations If the non coherent
gain in the Signal nri r"ataioris thus obtained as co- -pared to assumption iS riot n~ade the total scattered field from the
direct analysis methodIs The spectral range considered is in the illuminated area mu-.1 lie r oniprited belore revaliiating the- power
obtained the use of pseudo random binary ryclic codes senims vertically and horizontally lrolatized scalleirifq coefficients
the best ItIi view of the practical advantages they uffer Author Author

N72 161 18s Wisconsin Univ Miadisim- Duptl of Electrical

N72 16116# MS. Planck Institut fur Aerunonrir Linda0 lubel Engimneering
I Noriheim (West Ge~rrany, THE IDENTIFICATION OF INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA
AN APPLICATION OF TIlE MONTE CARLO METHOD TO FROM TRANSIENT DIFFUSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS FIE LDS
 4'

126 07 COMMUNICATIONS

J N Towle In AGARO Propagationp 'initallns in Remote It appears that the prediction of the Arctic sitonophere in the
Sensing Oc 919p rf e- 10557-7)manner and with the accuracy accomplished for moderate
(Grants NSF GK 231 1 NSF GK-212181 latitudes is not yet pojaibl* However, from already established
Avadl NTIS HC $6 00/MF SO 95 geineral pairterns, it saaemis feasible to provide an hourly updated
For the purposes of magneto-tetturic exploration the and fairty accurate description by real time processing of date
penetration of electromagnetic energy into the conducting strata from a few obeerving stations A number of suitabla observing
presented by the earth s crust may be described by the parobotic techniques are discussed Aue or
equation of dittusion with a spatiatty deapenden; cietficon, A
der~emnc..differential solution to this equation Is imptemented on
ahybrid computer and the resjlttng lime dependent moutioits N72.21124# Imperiat Coll, of Scicrice and Technology, London
are studied Boundary conditions of the Neumann type. (England) Physics Dept.
cotrrespon,.ing to the specification of magnetic field on the THE POLAR, EXOSPHERIC PLASMA
boundary. are appropriate for the detern nation of electric field ~ J 0 Thomas and A 0. R. Phelps In AGARD fladar
in the conducting medium The additionat boundary conditions Propagation in the Arctic Jan. 1972 1l p rafts (See
imposed by specification of electric fiald on the boundary N72-21 121 12-07)
provides the ne::exsarV information for the synthesis of~ a Avail: NTIS HC $6 00/M Ft;095
prvoul onutiiy
ukow rfieAuthor The mal'r features of the spatiat distribution of plasma in
the earth's polar exosphere deduced from satetllite observations
are described and related to recent measurements of incoming
N72- 16119# Kansa,. Univ. Lawrence particles of magnetooifneric origin, particularly in the low eanergy
WORKSHOP ON RADAR SCATTERING HELD TUESDAY range (about 1000 aVI The topics include (1) the termination of
AFTERNOON 22 JUNE 1971 the terrestrial plasmasphers. (12)the identification and location of
R K Moore In AGARD Propagation Limitations in Remote a ring or torus of enhanced plasma density surrounding each
7
Sensing Oct 1971 7 p ISee N72-16085 0 -071 pole stationary with respect to the lun. and under which the
Avail NiTIS HC S6 00/MF SO95 earth rotates. (3) 'he geomagnetic control of ionization. with the
Thee topics are discusse Radar bat kacatter from the sea, recognition of effects occLrrtng at certain universal limes

I.nanosecondputso
the need for microwave data (,n dielectric properties of naturat
surfaces and objects, and slant-range measurements by the
radar The most significant conclusion to
emerge is that insufftiient data are available on the dielectric
constants of natural materials (ice. vegetat-on soil) measured in
associsated with the geometry of the geomagnetic axis earth-sun
line system;- and (4) the polar wind Some of the main physical
processes contributing to both staiic ax wett as dynamic features
of thes overall structure
introduced
of the polar plnaima distribution are
Author
Situ Author

N72-2t121ff Ardvisory Group for Aeiospace ReAsurch and N72-21126# Air Force Cambridge Research Labs. L G
Developmeint. Poris (France) Hanson Field. Mass
*RADAR PROPAGATION IN THE ARCTIC ADSUSO FACI OORM
Jan Frihagen. ad Jan 1972 430 p ret' Presented at R A Wagnar and C P Pike In AGARD Radar Propagation in
Specialists Meeting of the Electromagnetic Woive Propagation the Arctic Jan. 1972 20 p refs (See N472-21121 12-07)
P-nel of ACARD, Uindau/H-arz. West German/ 13 17 Se Avail NTIS NC S600/MF S095
*1971 Examples of Arctic lonogram sequences. recorded on the
IAGARD-CP-97) Avail NTIS NC $6.00/M SO 96 AFCRL flying ionospheric laboratory, are presented It is shown
The characeristics, and effects of the Arctic sorisapsire on that. (11 lonogram sequences facilriate the interpretationa of
radio and radr propagation are considered Experiminial anid obliquo incidence echoes from E and F layer heights (2)
theooretica effoirts in the field are treviovwd. For individual titles. Parameters of the Arctic ionosphere can be mapped by using the
"aeN72-21122 through N72-2 1163 auroral oval as an ordering system (3) Vertical and oblique
incidence echoes appearing on ground station ionograms can be
interpreted .n terms of the station's position relative to the
M72-2112.2# Communications Research Centra. Ottaw,% aurciral oval The analysis of a three-hour flight with six
iOntarci) latitudinal scans underneath an auoror 'd shows the close
MORPHOLOGY OF RADIO-RADAR POLAR PROPAGATION i~rtstionship between aLroral-tvpe spor choes and discrete
EFFECTS auroras The investigation of 41 lefti cans through the
T R Hartz In AGAAD Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan auroisl oval during times of low mag :trvitVr revealed the
1972 18 p refs !See 112.21121 12-07) existence of a partii-le-pinulucrid F layair oich it oval-alignail. is
Avail NTIS HC$6 00/ME 5095 2 to 6 dp~qwide, in :orrected oesomagnetic latitude and occurs at
A variety of obeer'vatictrial data are ieviewed for the polar all coriec. d geomnagnetic times This layer produces the night E
jupper atmosphere, and particularly for morpholo,)ical p~erarns layer An tonogrom analysis p-ocedure which uses oblique
deduced for particle precipitation associated with auroral incidence F layer echoes is demonstrated, and the feasibility is
phenomena and w:th polar cap disturbances The significance of suggested of nivoritoring the latitude of the southern edge of the
different portionsu of such patterns are discussed with reference poler F layer irregularity zone by using this technicjje Author
to particle energiesi. sources, and ionospheric tlianges during
disturbed intervals Statistical dais are given on the diurnal,
seaaorial. and spatial variation of Such associated propagation
effects as absorption. sciritillation. dispersion etc . along with N 72-21120# Stanford Research Inst , Menlo Park. Calif.
their correlation with magnetic activity, spread F. sporadic E POLAR PROPAGATION EFFIECTS ON VHF-UHF RADARS
visual aurora. and radio noise observations in addition, the storm Walter G3 Chestnut In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic
time varsiation of moome of these phenomena are discussed from Jan 1972 38 p -efs (See N472-2 112 1 12 -07)
the point of view of their short term effects on radio wave Avail NTIS NC 5600/ME $095
propagation Author The effects upon VHF-UHF radar which are considered are
wave distortions caused by waive ir.teraction with E ind F region
suroral ionization, including auroral backliacatter (auroral clutter)
Air Force Caribridge Research L.Abs L G3 and forward scatter that leads to amplitude and angle aci.: filiation
iHanson
N72-21 123#
Field. Mass
Ul! MODELLING THE ARCTIC IONOSPHERI;
Recent resiias of Pulse -radar-oackscatter studies from a-irora *ar
reviewed and theories of irregulatrity production are considered
G3 J Geassma In AGARDf Radar Propagation in the Arctic Aurorally produced radar tracking and amplitude scintillation are
Jan 1972 r, -) refs (See N72-21 121 12-C7) discussed Some results from aurorelly disturbed moncipulse
Avail NTIS H,. SB 00/MF SO095 trackingo of satellites are presented Author
07 COMMUNdICATIONS
N72-2t 1271 National Flesearch Council of Canaeda. Ontaw
(Ontano). Astrophysics Branch.
OSSIR11VATIONS OF 46 MNz AURORAL RADAR
T Hogfors In AGARC) Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan
1972 16 p rots !See N72-21121 12.07)
Avail. NTIS NC S6.00/MF $0.91
127 T
PROPAGATION ON A NETWORK IN THE AURONAL Observations are descnibed of radar auroras made at a
ZONE frequency of 1295 MHz from Millstone Hill. Mosseachuaetta.
A G Mcksmars in AGARO Radar Propagations in the Areftc From malpe of power roturneid versus azimuth. elevation "anl.
Jan 1972 8 p refs 'See N72-21121 12.07) and range of apecific events of diffuss aurora, it was found that
Avail: NTIS 14CSO.00/ MF 50 95 a mean height of suroral echoes is ClOse to I 10 kmn.that the
Fouir sumoral raemrs aer operated on a "t-otnuous beats at hoif power thickness is 7 km. and that the power, scontteed
Ottaswa. Thompson, Ch'urchill, and Great What* in Canada The drops 3 db when the aspect angle with respect to the magnetic
Ottawa rasdar is at 40 deg latitude and the other thrari are at field is increased from zero to 0 4 dog Spectral analyis of ~
surori wvtycivi at th~esesvxcattofl permirts both statisticall and reovlution of 600 lz reveals a greet vansly of spectra. many of
diesailed siingle, *evet studs's of radioaurora morphology and which are narrow and displaced as if from an ion-acoustic
scattering mechantsms. In %orte of megnetic aspect control, den"t instability Other spectra are wide and contain contr~ibuiori
strXVoir uroal backacattar sigirals are detected at all azimuiths from approaching and receiding waves simultaneously The wide
with maps"ec angles of upx to 25 dog from the magnetic spectra apparently are asamscitod with regions where the radar
wpepndicular Thes" obseivations -reate difficulties in explaining baoin is normal to the slectrojet current Simultaneous
radar aurora in terms of ion scok-stic waves developed from obtienmtions of aurora[ echoes and Particle precipitation show
linear models such as the two-sirean, instability theory As w-,ll that radio auroras may be observed without arny measurable
as direct suroral backacatter. the ridars sometimes detect electron irecilp-ation. Author
sporadic E propagatod ground scatter. usually inassociation with
auroral disturtiance the simultaneous observations of these
aurroral phenomena by the multiple stations permit more definitive N1172.211131"fi National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
measurements of the processes involved Author Goddard Space Flight Cantor. Groenibelt. Md
MICROSTRUCTUF.E OF RADIO AURORA SCATTERING
REGIONS
N72-2I 128# M&A-Planck-lrssinut fuer Aeronornie. La~idou
Ubeir A Egeland (Oslo Univ. Norway). J. Holtet (Oslo Univ. Norway),
Sortheim (West Germany) and N C Maynard In AGARD Radsr Propagation in the Arctic
CURRENT EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FROM A V4-F-CW ian 1972 11 P rr'fs (See N72-21121 12-07)
NTWOR INSCANINAIA
AUAOAý ACKSATTR NASA- TM-X-68302) Avail: NTIS CSCL 20N
AUROA~NTWOK
ACKCATFR INSCADINVIASummaries are Presented for studies of radio scafttnng
from auroral ionizatioc, Anal-yses were made of aurorval returns
G Lange-Hesse In AGARO Radar Propagation in the Arctic fo cld eclba ai ytri re icsino
Jan 1972 16 P rafs (See N72 21 121 12-07) fcxtringld pencil ibgien. Meadossueremnt o f dmllscaleio ofld
Avoa; NTIS HC S6 00IMF S09S pavrtice thereingvnMasemtsosalsce iediv
VH bsat oninos utrl
ae aksate priceprecipitation, and auroras are described The microstructure
communications Iredic,aurora) carned out since autumn 1967 onan yii:iofuotbreao;c,#*sjAhr
a network in Scandinavia and northern Germany were analyzed
with respect to the influence of daytime, seasonal, and
geoomagnetic latitude on frequency occurrence Examples are
presented whwcr show the close control of the VHF aurorel M72-21 132# Western Onario Unfiv. London Centre for Radio
bickacalte' by the Polar elootrolet. Examples 4re given for the Science
correlation between op~ical and radio aurora AuhrION-ACOUSTIC WAVES IN AURORA
the Arctic Jan. 1972 5 p rats (See N72-21121 12-07(
Avail. NTIS HC S6.OO/MF $0.95
N72-21 129# Stanford Research Inst . Menlo Park. Calif Evidence is presented thation-acoustic waves exist in the

AURORAL RADAR BACKSCATTER STUDIES FROM aurotal plasma and that these waves contribute to the scattering
MOMER. ALASKA of radio waves at both VHF and UIHF frequencies. Recent resultsI
W G Chestnut. J C Hodges. arid R L Leadabrand in AGARO suggest that this kind of clutter willbe observed even at
Rlacir Propagation in the Arctic Jan 1972 11 p rafs latitudes where tho line-of -sight may not be perpendicular to the
Sponsored in part by DASA, NSF. and RADC (See N72-21 121 magetic field Imres It it also sug"eated thation-acoustic waves
12-07( may Contribute to the angulair scintillations observed at high
Avert NTiS NC 56 0/MF $095 latitudes fortransionoeprieic propagation patns using Umif- radio
Radar aurora were studied using a backscatter radar at six waves. Author
frequencies from 50 MHz to 3000 MHz It was found that the
freuency depenidence of the volume scattering cross section of
the aurorel echoes is nearly exponential with frequency The
sliope of this frequency dependence was found to vary with time N72-21133# Saskatchewan Univ. Saskatoon. Inst of
but averaged 33 rib per 1000 MHz The magnetic aspect Atmospheric Studies.
senstrivitrywas found to be nearlyindependent of frequency. the POLARIZAliON OF VYAVES SCATTERED FROM AURORAI
scattering cross section decreased by about 10 db per degree of A Kavedas In AGARO Radar Propagatiorn in the Arctic Jan.
aspect aingle Aurorel radar echoes at a frequency of 139 MNt7 3pres(e 7-211'-7
were ccompared with the location of particle precipitation a% Avail NTIS NC $8 O/MF S095
measured dur"n fourteen passes of the OVI-18 satellite it isVaiu inrctnswchIe todpliainad
found that.except for periods of very active aurora, nighttime cross-polariatuion aresexamined anid correlated ~o particular types
radar aurora was nevsr collocated with peaks in proton energy of aurora and pioperties of the scattering medium Experimental
flux Where a radar aurora was located, measured particle results obtained from complete polarization measuroement are
Precipitation fluxeswere adequate to produce equilibrium E used to damonstrate the nature of these interactions anid the
regin eecton ensiiesgretertha
70.00 l/c Ths ~resulting changes in the polarization of the propagarting wave
region elcroin densities necessairy for radar auroras seem 1o be The expeimental results ware obtained with !tirne-alring
produced by precipitating toaricls Aut hor polantoer which recorded six orthogonal components of eurorally
beckscatterad A ves at 42 MI-f Waves scettereei in the forward
direction were studied with partial polarization measurements
M72-21130# Lincoln Lab. Mass Inst of Tech. Lexington Itwo orthogonal components) of radio star scintillations. Pie
SOME PROPERTIES Of RADAR AURORAL ECHOES AS polarization of the received wave correlates, with magnejic
OBSERVED AT A FREQUENCY OF 1291 MHz actrivity Authorr
 128 07 COMMUNICATIONS

M72-21 134# Royal Rader Establishment. Malvern, (England). Morphology of high latitude scintillation is discussed, including
N0O4SPECULAR IONOSPHERIC CLUTTER IN THE VH4F geographic distribution, diurnal variations, and relation to magnetic
AND UHF BANDS activty. Studies of statistical properties of the signal recerived on
G. N. Taylor In AGARD Radar Propagator? in the Arctic Jan. riv ground wet* found to be a usefual source of information
1972 9 p rofb (Set N72-21 121 12-071 about the nature of irregularities in tris ionosphere. Studies are
Avail. NTIS HC36.00IMF50.95 rerviewed with emphasis on parameters of the scintillation-
The intensity of weak scatteiring from electron density producing layeor.Finally, results of height determinartions using
IrO~regulrte in the high latitude kIonospheire, in directions not the space receiver method and satellite transmissionsa &ro briefly,
perpendhculr to the magnetc rield is considered. Signals may discussed Author
caine clutter in senorsitive radar systems at wavelengfth betwee
1-n aood 0.1m. The literature is Surveyed. to obtain typicai and
WOrs Case values of the ortrn density deviation and scal siz of N72-21l138# Air Force Cambridge Research Labs.. L G_
the irregularities, anid to Select appropriate sptial &utocormelation Hanaoin Fied. Mass
IAtatr~or. Assuming an isotropic distribution, scattering crosa SATEIWY!I SCINTILLATION$ IN 1NS HIGH LATITUDE
section are calocuirted. It is concluded that nonapecular clutter is F-LAYER IRREGULARITY REGION
not lIkel to be more ointnse than the background incoherent Jules Aaron*ia n AGARD Radar Propagation in zlqr Arctic Jan.
(ThOtneonl scatter signals #,, wavelength, Iess then about 4m. 1972 18p rofb ISee N72-21 12i 12-07)
unales t&e a becomes malrkedl non-Geumarn. The spatial Avail: NTIS HC $6.0O/MF $0.96
variabilty and spectral Characteristics of incoherent and Polar observations from Spirubeigen Show a trough or
nonspeular Clutter signals are discussed briefly. Author decrease in scintillation index. on the iiight side between an oval
end a polar region Using radio star data at 113 and 228 M~tz.
scintillation index incresaes of 0.50 to 7 were noted with
M72-21 13S# 88117101e Memorial tialt. Columbus. Ohio increases in K inoex (propagation path intersection through the F
A PROGRAM FOR THE INVESTIGATION AND SIMULA- layer (350 kin) at 87 deg). Recordings of 136 MHz satellite
TION OF AURORAL INSTASILITY MECHANISMS signals from Nerasanssuaqi. Greenland also show that mean
J T. Coleman In AGARC) Radar Propagation in the Arctic scintillation index increases during magnetic storms within fi~e
Jan 1972 11 p refs (See N72-21 121 12-07) irregularity region. Thule observations of 40 MHz transmissions
Avail. NTIS HC S6.OO/MF $0.95 indicate the overhead pattern at invariar t latitudeit near Elf,dog.
A Program is described for the simulation and analyical A model is presented of r, core o' highs electron densiy,
investigation of the scattering mechanisms of the radio aurora. irregularities. ptobably centered above t.-4esuroril ova:, but with
The program to drvided into two parts: the first is a simulation, a high cccurranice of irregularities over th.~ oolar cap In ed-titoion.
On a scald basis, of the important plasma mechanisms of the E the irregularity region at lower intensity sirtends below the oval
region and its scattering conditions, and the second is a at night. Author
computation of the theoretical coherent interaction instability
cross Sections. Experimental evidence is presented for sensitivity
of the coherent cross Secton to the drift current level, the locl M472-21 139# Western Ontario Unrv.. London. Centre for Radio
electron temperature, the local magnetic field intensity, gradients. Science.
and other Parameters. The theoretical model estimates the ANGULAR DEVIATION OF RADIO WAVES
diffetrential radar cross secton fin the hydrodynamic approximation) G. F. Lyon and P, A. Forsyth In AGAIID Radar Propagation ir,
and includes the effects of relative drift between ions and the Arctic Jan. 1972 5 p refs 'See N72-21121 12-07)
6elctrons, arid the gradient in electron :ensity In its preasrir Avail NTIS HC S6.00/ MF $0.95
*form, the model includes forward scater. backacatiter. and Angular oev sliow* due to typical departures from horizontal
general bixtatic scatter. The computation includes the frequency stratification are m=odld In particular, the steep gradients and
*spectrum introduced by interaction with wave instabilities. troughe in electron density typical of the polar ionoephore are
Author consoidered The results suggest that systems which depend upon
proeise measurements of angle of atrrrial for radio waves in the
N72-211t36# Rayheon Co. Sudbury. Mass, frequency range at least to the upper arid of the VHF range may
PHASE COHERENT HF RADAR OBSERVATIONS OF be subject to significant unavoidable error. Author
BARIUM RELEASES IN THE ARCTIC IONOSPHERE
G D Thome In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan.
1972 6 p ref (See N72-21 121 12-07) M72-21140# Norwegian ')efence Reseairch Establishment.
*Avail. NTIS I4C$600/MFSO.95 Kigiler.
Radar observations are reported which shcov that the HIGH LATITUDE SATELUTE SCINTILLATION
development of optical striations is accompanied by an abrupt J. Frihegen and 0. Bratteng lAuroral Obe.. Tromsoe. Noorway)i fn
broadening of the Doppler spectrum, leading to returns with AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan. 1972 8 p rats
Doppler widths comparable to those obs~ervoiA fron the natural (See N72-21121 12.07)
radio aurora. In contrast to the niatural i"nosphere. the barium Avail SniS HC $600/MI $0.96
plasma is generated at a known instant of time and is confined Numrnoous measurements of the height of iwoispharic
to a limited volume of spcc This makes it possibl~i to study the irregularities giving r.z. to satellite scintillation have showr them
evolution of irregularities in this plasma as a functkc,r of time and to be located ni the region 300-600 kmn above the ground
to study their radar aspect sensrtivity without usinji narrow beom Obeeivations show that there is no appireciabile reduction in
anternnas. Ptior to optical stristiK.- development, the barium scintilleton at 136 MHz when a satellite loses height from in
cloud bensves as a smoolh oiver irinse target. exhibiting a excess of 1000 km to lesssthan 300 km Whon observed from
discrete Doppler spectrum and prod icing regular Faraday fading Tromso (70 deg NI the mean scintillation depth at 136 M~lz
After the deveitlopmrnont of stria*,ons. the Doppler spectrum increses frori, south to north, increses" with K. shows nighttime
becomes diffuse anid Fartaday, fadtfg is lost. Author maximag and isytme minima Some results of electron density
from rockets launched from Andenesa (89 deli N. 16 dog El show
strong irregularities, the electron density va-ying by up to 25%
N472-21 1Y 1#) Kiruna; Geophysr~al Observatory (Sweden). over a few tans of meters north of aurolal forms Over the
Plata PROPAGATION EFFECTS ON RADIO- auroral forms, the electron densioty varies smo~othly. Author
ASTRONOMICAL AND SAT LUTE TRANSMISSIONS
Ludwik Liszko In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic
Jan 1972 8 p rc~s (See N72.21 12'! 12-07) N72-211419 Max-Plrrnck-lneittut fuer Aarono~mie. Lindau Uber
Avail NTIS HCSS8 0/MI $0.95 Novtheim (West Germany)
High latitude studies of scintillatiot. phenomenon in radio SATELLITi SCINTILLATION BETWEEN 423 DEG AND SB
signals fro~n radio astronomy sources end satellites are ieoviewed DEG N401 HEAIN LATITUDE FROM 1904 TO 19a9
07 COMMUNICATIONS 129

Gard K. Hartmann In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic spreading as a function of signal bandsvidth (either 7.7 kHz or
Jam 1972 12 p refs (See N72-21121 12-07) 100 kHz) The transmitting otes were located at Thule. Greenland
Avail: NTIS HC S600/MF $0.96 and Keflavik. Iceland so that HF propagation information could
Since November 1964 till Mxy 1969 the radio ignals from be collected on a path that was both in the polar cap region and
the beacon satellite Explorer 22 were conitinuously recorded at on moilatilude. and on one that passes along and through the
Lindau. for obtaining the ioroeplienc electron content from outer edge of the auroral oval. Oblique soundings ware conducted
Faraday-effect- and depersnve-Doppler-effect measurements. The over each path so that the models) of propagation for the
obtained amplitude and phase recordings were compared When sigial(s) measured could be determined. Analyses of the resuhs
the root mean square phasi deviation, during distorltona. 9g obtained indicated that the spectral and temporal spreading are
phae scintillation. was equal or greater I radian, feat amplitude a very strong functo of the mode of propagation, especially for
acintillatione that exceeded 8 dB amplitude v',nation were signals tranlmitted over the Thule path. The daes are depicted ar.
found The narrow aci iillation belt. which was observed between a function of time of day to illustrate the diurnal variation of the
60 deg and 60 deg :c-otherm geographic latitude consgta of two parameters considered Author
independent sub-belts It is suggested the. the scintillation
activity increases by a factor of 2 for weak scintillations and by a
factor el 4 strong scintillations, when Kp exceeds 3c. A
southward motion with increasing magnetic activity was observed. N72-21145# Radio and Space Research Station. Slough
In summe. the SOFM seems to be approximately 2 deg further (England)
north than in winter. Author POLARIZATION EFFECTS ON SKY-WAVE PATHS AT HIGH
LATITUDES
P A. Bradley In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan
1972 9p refs(iSfe N72-21121 12-07)
N72-21142# Max-Planck-institut fuer Aeronomie. Lindau Uber Avail. NTIS HC $600/MF $0 95
Northerm (West Germany) The principles involved in the determination of polirizatlotln
POLAR PROPAGATION EFFECTS ON HF RADARS coupling losses on sky-wave paths are briefly discussed The way
H G. Moetler In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan. these tosses depend on the limiting polarizations of the upgoing
1972 15 p refs (See N72-2 1121 12-07) and downcorrng waves at the bottom of the ionoophsre are
Avail NTIS HC S600/MF $095 illustrated. and it is shown that at freqniencies in excess of about
The CW and pulse transmission experiments in the auroral 2 MHz simrnle expressions are avaitable for these liriiting
and subosuroral region are rewiewed. The phenomena that affect polarizations which are independent of the form of the ionization
propagation are dispersion of F2 critical frequency and hence profiles inmiting polarizations and polanzation coupling losses
horizontal electron density gradients. field-aligned irregularities in are functions of wave frequency and of ray-path directions with
the F2 and E region. auroral Es. and D region absorption The respect to the direction of the earth's magnetic field At high
variation of these phenomena in time and space and the latitudes, changes in the angle between the field and ray path
correlation with magnetic activity are discussed lollowing dii.etliois lead to maiked vaniationi n 0 olarza:.-o-, Coupling
propagation. effects were observed due to these phenomena losses for nearby paths Sample calculations are presentel for a
Transmission paths transversrng horizontal gradients of electron range of conjitions to ilkstrate singie- and two-way path losses
density become asymmetric which has to be taken into account The calculations include the case of two-hop paths where there
in MUF calculations Strong curtains of irregularities cause are additional features associated with the change of polarization
non-great-circle transmission The NGR transmission may be at ground riifleciten The results show the importance of the
advantageous if it results in a MUF enhancement, or in optimum choice of aerial polarization The way in which
bypassing an area of enhanced absorption, it is disadvantageous backscatter Nmplitude return patterns can be influenced by
as time delay of the received signals is incresaed The enhancement polarfiation effects is also illustrated Author
is often obeerved by auroral Es Author

N72-21146# Air Force Cambndge Research Labs, L G.

N72-21143# Starford Research Inst.. Menlo Park. Calif Hanson Field. Mess
FREQUENCY DISTORTION IN AURORAL HF PROPAGA. SPATIAL CORRELATION OF AURORAL RADIO ABSORP-
TION TION
J S. Lomax In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan. K Toman. R J Cormier. and J J Corbett In AGARD Radar
1972 12 p raes lSe N72-21121 12-07) Prop.lgation in the Arctic Jan. 1972 9 p refas (See
Avail NTIS HC $6 00/MF &095 N72-21121 12-07)
The HF propagation in auroral regions results in greater (Contract F19628-70C 0237)
frequency distortion of signals than that encountered at Avail NTIS HC S600!MF $095
mid-latitudes Observational data on the characteristics of this The tem~oral behavior of auroral radio absorption was
ditortion as taken on a transauroral path betwoen Palo Alo. measured with riometees at i iedrum and high la:itude dis;lays
California and Thule. Greenland are presunted Details of the complex patterns which differ spatially These differences may be
fre-ijue•cy distorion are given in terms of measured power limited to a time displacement of otherwise similar abs4orption
spectral dcesities. Doppler shifts, and the corresponding phase patterns indicating a movement which could be interpretpd in
fluctuations These quantities are in turn related to the temporal terms of a structured. locally onhanced. precipitating. energetc
correlation function of the channel Author particle stream that moves over a geographic area In order to
assets numerically the spatial coherence of euroral radio
absorption, a correlation study was undertaken of absorption
patterns as recorded by more that, uignt riometor stations during
N72-21144#$ Home Air Development Center. Griffiss AFB. N Y five days of varying aciviry, containing the magnetic storm of IB
HIGH ALTITUDE H6 SIGNAL TRANM:SSION CHAR- April 1965 Using a day as the sample size. the results of this
ACTERISTICS study provide a view of the spatial coherpnce of auroral
R A Mather. B L Holtzclaw (GE Co. Syracuse. N Y?, and R absorption Author
W. Swanson (GE Co. Syracuse. N. Y) In AGARD Radar
Propagaiocon in the Arctic Jan 1972 22 p efas ISee
N72 21121 12 07) N72.211147# Alaska Univ. Coe:ago Guoorhsical 'net
(Contract f30602-69-C-0217) SWEEP FREQUENCY BACKSCATTER RADARS AS
Avail NTIS HCSS0O/MFSO.95 DETECTORS OF HIGH LATITUDE IONOSPHERIC
Measurements made on HF sky ,'sve signals propagated PHENOMENA
over tw) high-latitude 2000 nmr paths tkrrcrnating at a receiving Howard F Bates /q AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic
site in ci ritral New York State arepresented Signal chsracteriatws Jan 1972 9p rets (See N72-21121 12-07)
include propaqlation los.,. spectral spreading. and temporal Avail NTIS HC $6 00/MF $0 95
130 07 COMMUNICATIONS

Osatsecterissticis of itregularitt..s causing high frequency scatter Observations of HF backs-catter from radio aurora using an
and p opaigatiore problems sar, examsined. along with auroras FM/CW radar located at field sites near Rome. N. Y 143.2 dog
producing these. large and small scale irregularities, Autoral and N. 75 5 deg V4 ate discussed Both *ideband (at 6,5-30 MHz. 3
norteurorael echo". woer identified through high laftitude, high kW average power) and nearrowband (fixed frequency acoundinege
the uatic baclecatter. Norrauroral echoes consist of F layer at 20 kW average power) backacatter measurements were made.
gro~rrd smatter. nionaeurcral sporadic E including E ground scatter. The wideband seundings determine the modes of propagation.
mesteor echoes. and oblique spread F echoes Aurorail echoe. frequency extents. and time delays of the backscattersed energy
werserk"u to be ciussed by beckacater from both the E and F The high resolution nearrowband soundings indicate the movements

layeirs. J-A.M. that Occur in the radio auroral regions. Examp!n* of ti(Assa
motion* are presented. showing events that last II r 5 mninutee,
exhibiting range changes which imply apparent velicitiest near or
M72-2114$# Technical Unirv of Denmark. Lyngeby above the speed of sound at Freogion heights The widoeband
OW THlE POLAR SLANT E CONDITION, ITS IDENTIFICA- beckscetter measurements were processed iii a for. , w"ich
TION. MORPHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER allows the absolute signal level of the be-cks-catlered energy to
ILECTROJET PHENOMENA be determined. Author
J41-0 K Ofesere In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Arctic
Jan. 1972 19 p refs(See N72-21 121 12-07) 7-1S1GnrlEecrcCŽ.Srcs.N
Avail. NTIS HC $8 00/ MI $0.95N7-12#GnclEeti SyauNY
loriogranis and morphoogica statistics of polar alan 6 IONOSPHERIC REFRACTION EFFFCT ('.ý THE GEOMETRY
coidition ere discussed, emphasizing two stream or plsma on OF FIELD-ALIGNED ONIZATION'
wave instability. Observation sites and data pericede fo one George H Millman In AGARO Reads, Pr-,pegation in the Arctic
andi fixed frequency scatter measurements are also listed. Jan 1972 15 p refs (Sea N72-211 )1 12-07)
JAM Avail. NTIS HC SC0O/MF $0 95
A method is prestented which utilizes the co opt of the
ionospheric refrect~on phenomenon ini the calculation of the
magnetic fietild-propagation aspect an6 a The effect of ionospheric
N72-211t49 Paris Univ (France). refract~on 21 'equencies in the HF-UHF band is evaluated for
H1I3H FREOUFNCY SACKSCATIER OBSERVATIONS AT one location in the Northern Hemisphere. Author
MEDIUM LATITUDES OF HIGH LATITUDE FIELD ALIGNED
IRREGULARITIES
M. CrochliitD Barreau. anid J C, deMaistre in AGARO Radar N72-21i63ft Institute for Telecommunication Sciences. Boulder.
Propagation in the Arctic Jan 1972 9 p refs in FRENCH. Colo
ENGLISH summary (See N72-2 1121 12-07) A MODEL FOR THE STUDY AND PREDICTION OF
Avail NTIS NC $6.00/MI: $.95 AURORAL EFFECTS ON~ HF RADAR
Abnormal echoes ascribable to the presence of field aligned Vaughn Agy In AGARtO Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan
high latitude *n the F laye.ware ftequerntly
irregulartl;os obsetavd 197? 10 p rots (See N72-21 121 12-07)
from the Valansolo station 144 deg N. 6 deg E!.by means of AvailNTIS HCS600 IMF SC 95
decometnic wave bacliacatter radair A comparison of characteristic A description is given of an ionospheric propagation model J
recordings with data collected simultaneously at the Lindau and its applicat-on to high latitude HF radar propagation.
station (51 dog N. 10 dog El where such echoes are regularly Computer simulation 0f the model makes possible the rapid
obtained reveals the influence of the station latitude on the determination of the area of Il-hopl coverage, and computation
observation of such phenomena Author of aurceral absorption and geometrical features of auroral clutter
The resuhts are presented in a map on which are shown
appropriate parameter contours Operating frequency, station
location, time, month. sunspot number, end clutter height are all
N72-21 150# Air Force Cambtidge Research Labs., L G arbitrary. The explicit approximations specifying the model can
Hansn Fild. assbe changed within the basic framework of the computer program
(IF AURORAL SACKSCATTER AND THE SCINTILLATION to bring about better agreement with observations Author
BOUNDARY
Jules Aarone In AGARD Radar Propagation in the Artclk Jan
1972 11 p refsfS00N72-21121 12-07)
Avail.NTIS NC $6.00/MI: $0.95 11172-2213111 Adislory Group for Aerospace Reseaerch and
A 19 MHz backiecattar unit*as operated. and a6sore of Developments. Peris (France).
measurements of radiostarsicintillation, (30 to 228 IMHzI and TECHNICAL EVALUATION RIEPORT ON AGARO SPECIAL-
satellitebeacon recordings f20 to0136 MHz) were made A 50 lETS MEETING ONl RADAR
MHz radarwas added to the osrigprogram. In a recent J Frihage (Noerwegion Defense Res- Estab. Kjelleirl Jan. 1972
analysis of the dual frqec il lge akcte.a21 p ref. Conf. held at Lindou/Hars. West Germany.
separation intoE and F-layer returns was made itwas found 13-17 Sep. 1971
that VHF ourorael retumns (from E-Iayer heights) were accompanied IAGARD-AR-33) Aved: NTIS
49% of the time by HF returns The two factors suggested to be A codnf erenoee on podarmopooyVH-F pa
propagationinteAcc ad
responsible for the absence of a 1 1 correlation were probably iecludncattor. oni polar
cintilletro
o . V taamrn n
propagataion
H-HF
abeorption at HF and variations wi,antenna launch angle for the bekasr oaHFbektte
propagation
otsain umre, eomrdatro"ne. and
two systems. Tne HF auroral backacatter TEanid F-layer heights)-I pusritpasituieeroncscideredSumradiofr areoraerdarteiore.an
Was accompanied only 11% of the time by VHF bacltacatter. Vfutr suHFinohearmcnscaterd scintilation andrasaatrlt beacon.
During the 17 months of observation at low Solar activity, the stFudies Sackaeietle obscervcitilltons and HFtscltter bacn
percentage of occurrence of 19 MI-z field aligned scatter was suis akcto bevtosadH cte n
2%. of 50 MHz aurorel scctter 0 5% Author communications ae aelso reviewed. J.

N73-10187#v Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

N72-21151# Avco Cor-,:..
.. ngtun. Mass.
;..... Development. Paris (France)
FM!CW HF SACKSCArT7FF OBSERVATIONS OF RArlO AEROSPACE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
AURORA Aug 1972 36b p refs Partly Pr ENGLISH endJPartlyin
A. H. Katu Ire AGARO Radar Propagation in the Arctic Jan FRENCH Proc. of the 23d Tech Meeting of the Avionics Paenl
119,,2 B p refs (See N72-21 121 12-07) of AGARD. London. 15-18 May 1972
(Coritract F30602-70-C-0086) (AGARD-CP-t 03) Avail NTIS HC S19 75
Avail NTIS HC $6 00/ MF 095 Expanded telecommunication system requirements can be
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 131

met by data compreasion methods and digital imaging achemeee. riot The importance of proper data management for pictorial
efficient bandwidth utilization and adaptation tachniquaa. factical communication it illustrated. and by implication, shown to be
environment ground terminal measurements for satellite comn-
munhcatioins. and digital/analog communications for automatic
miesage systems and interference suppression For individual
much novire important than the data compression algorithmis
Rollovar' to the data management proposals. some, methods of
impo,.^ing the cosmetic quality of apetsety sampled images aer
I
titles, see N73-10188 through N73-10213. rnow n Author

N73-10t58 Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough (England)- M73-10192 Rensselaer Potylechnir Inst, Troy. N.Y. Systems
Radio Dept. Finginaerinfo Ore
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON 230 AVIONICS A TUTORIAL ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGy WITH EMPHASIS

IP.
PANEL TECHNI1CAL MEETING ON AEROSPACE TELECOM, ON DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS AND FILTERING
MUNICATlONS SVSTEMS. 16-18 MAY 1972 Waeter A Gerhardt In AGAAD Aerospace Toelcommun Systems
G Whicher in AGARD Aerospace Telecommun Systems Aug. 1972 7 pt refs (For availability see N73-10187 0'07)
Aug 1972 9 p (For availability sea N73-10187 01.07) (Contracts AF 49(6383)-1627. DAA807-69-C-0365)
Activities in telecommunications research and developmimeni. The major advantages of a digital approach to communication.t
arid ii network planning monitoring. and utilization are reported am cosde end digital technology and its effect on cc-muntca-
An imprn.tofnt conclusion loimed states that digital techniques tions are outlined Under the umbrella of a generalized moicdel
oteor reel prospects of supplanting traditional analog methods inofaditlcm nitonsye.thstusfteterys
a wide range of future applications in aerospace systems. Emphasts reviewed and practical implementations arG given The relationahip
.placed on growing problems of electromagnetic compatibility, between theory and practice is emphasized using digital filtering
int.rrfarer'ce. and jamming and the difficulties of accomrodating as typical of the achievement& in this ares Author
multiple satellite systems in synchronous orbit G.G.
N73-10193 Politocnico di Torino (Italy) is. di Elettronica a
N73-1O1a9 .aboratorre Central de Recherches Thomson-CSF. ONTHeleoEFICIENT t ANnT
Orsay (France) Div Mcltriols Avioniques at Spatioux ONTHEl EFFuICaIENi AD IT UTILIZATION IN DIGITAL
REDUCTION OF APPUIED REDUNDANCY IN THE TRANS- TRANSMISSION. 4
MISSION OF IMAGES [REDUCTION DE LA REDONOANCEvCatlniCCiciCeroSui Lbroi
APPUIQUEE A LA TRANSMISSION DES IMAGES) Tolecornun.cauioi). and U M -zzoi (Studi 0 Laborstori Telec,)mun -
T A Hawk~es, and P A Simonpieri in AGARD Aerospace icazioni) In AGARD Aerospace Telecommrun Systems Aug
Tale~commun Systems Aug 1972 14 &. rats In FRENCH 1972 13 p refs (For availability see N73-10187 01.07)
(For availability see N73-10187 01-07) The problem of the efficient bandwidoth utilization of a digital
A procedure relevant to the simple redu~~ion of applied transmission channel is investigated by working our a complete
E redundancy in image transmission is presented The algorithm
treamen
rcepionpermts
an knon he econtrutio ofexample with a rather realistic channel model The bandwidth
efficiency in digital transmission is contrasted by the channel
signals without transmitting the information over the length of itr~nmiinet ~~ll6~ig~ revga pcii
the
fte attrn
an valatin
ntaral ofallposibleproeduesand the use of a transversal equajizer are analyzed Multilevel
the effect of first simulation elements on the ordinsates of the SSs3 amnpoliude modulatedi signals are assumed System perform-
rproposed algorithm with image restoration imprints is examined ances ear discussed and evaluated using two different criteria
Essential parameters. functions of the system, and the results the peak distortion of the received iiignal and 1"~ average error
obtained are given Transl by E H W probability of the received sequence A general description of
the diffrent -~aris of the system is first given and a detailed
6473-10190 Perkin-Elmer Corp.. Norwalk. Com ~ discussion of the evaluation procedures is presented Results
* DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION TRANSMIS- are given for PAM and partial response coded (PACI signaeling
SOON OF SAMPLED AERIAL IMAGERY schemes System evsluatioin is finally discussed in terms of
*R. J. Arguello. H R. Sellnar. and J A Stuller In AGARD bandwidth efficienny Author
Aerospace Telecommun Systems Aug 1972 20 p rots
(For availability see N73-10187 01-07) N73-10194 Service Technique des Teleco mmunicat ions de l'Air.
An analysis. simulation anid discussion of the effects of Pars* (France)
quantlizer noise and communication errors on differential pul UTILIZATION AND SUPPLENESS OF HIGH NUMERICAL

I
code modulation IOPCM) transmission of sampled aerial imagery DISCHARGE SUPPORT IN TELECOM M UNICATIONS
are reported Simulations are presented that descriLe It) IUTILISATION ET SOUPLESSE D'UN SUPPORT NUMERi-
DPCM tieraismsion of photographic scenes which have been GUI A DEBIT ELEVE DANS UIN SYSTEME DE TELECOM.
scanned and sampled at the Nyquist rate, and (2) the effects of MUNICATIONS1
ineerting periodic PCM upidates in order to correct DPCM G Bomont (Service Tech de Is Navigation Aerienne) P 0 -t
communication errors Two, three and four b, OPCM transmission end G David In AGARO Aerospace Telecommun Sp is
systems are discussed. Author Aug 1972 12 p refs In FRENCH (For availability see N73-10187
01-07)
N73-10191 Air Force Cambridge Research Labs. L G Hanscom The use of numerical control to compress syllabic delta
Field. lifss modulated voice signals in air navigation telecommunication
COMPUTER AIDED EVALUA7ION OF RECONNAISSANCE systems is discussed The principles of the multiplexing numerical
IMAGE COMPRESSION SCHEMES USING AN ON-LINE system and the transmission methods utilized war given An
INTERACTIVE FACILITY organizational air navigation control systeni is illustrated

JCMott-Smith. F H Cook. and J M Knight (Mitre Corp. Transl by E H W

Bedford. Mass.) in AGARO Aerospace Telecommuni Systems
(Cnrc 9820-71-002 SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF AN OPTIMUM SAM.
applid
toseveal
to ictua
wel-knwn
andapplod
tehniqes. Aan LAerospacnAGARTAerecac mmunecSmun
yemm
rivl
aveoneormor
o whch lredy hadwae ipleent- Ag 172 11 p rt o availability see N73-101B7 01-07)

difflenal vhic
uW1od.rnoulacn
;, Ihe ,,to isb~l6 A i~ialie ibiipled-Jole
. FM ideitiudiiilwui lei~uisive
per pctureelemnt
ad tha
ar detimentl.
the ero-and agorihm issynisignal artorissignaratioisepat rformanmane
finstordw
som comressin
redicors ay butcertinly
gie valuaed A eduriie edimttatisoptimallha optmallyesiatsit-
Is" he hana verge
fcto oftwoon
he dfecs i th th mesag ofa nisysampled ;:M process The incoming1
~
slipornlims~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~n-hswihlmtterueunsonpcoildtisietfeanlgniyIMpne.ii-hseand cluadrature sampled tc
wkh
rom teirne oor
liecrreltion
ofthe pctur to te ~ reuce te badp toRFavsampled
t a bsapledndse
prd
poces
 132 07 COJMMUNICATIONS

The modulating process is modeled as a discrete linesr filter by are discussed with amphasis on telephone channels for last
State variable techniques The maximum a poeiterlon (MAP) transmission 'of digitldat ca Some Mlier structures suited 'Jr
criterion is -rsed to develop a recursive Cos, fjncl.:On Minimieteorih this purpopse are described together with several possible strategies
techniques used in optimal control theory uror employffdc to derive. to implement the settings of the variable filter elementsd
the two-point boundary-value (TPSV) problem from this coa- automatically during a training pariod before informatron
function Discrete invariant imbedding is then used to sohre the transmission or in an adaptive manner during transmission Finally.
TPSV problem and obtain the recursive solutionl algorithm A after diacussing the partial response technique and the equakias-
single-pole message filter example is reviewed Discuatsed in this tion of digital data signals transmitted at high bit rates over
example are performance curves obtained by Aimula*ion of t0e tong-haul coaxial carrier SY34tems. Some related applicationsa of
inverse output mean-square error versus input ch~ner-to-noie ~ adaptive techniques are described concerning the equalizationm
ratio The demoicdulator is shown to exhibit FM threshold extension of long cable systems used for analog transmission of television
capability Aurthor xionals. the equalization of FM/FDM radio relay syrtems due to
elimination of inte rniodulat ion distortion end the adaptive
P173-101911 Ptiilco-Ford Corp.- Polo Alto. Calid cancellation of echoes in long distance te'ephont; circuits
DIGITAL EQUIVALENT PAX RECEIVER TECHNIQ3UES Author
Fearci, 0 Natoli In AGARD Aerospace Telecomrmun. Systems
Aug 1972 13 p refs (For availability eec N73-110187 01-07) N73-10200 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. Troy. NY Systeria
(Contract FZ0002-69-CO00g9) Engineering Div
All-digirtal techniques for receiving and cofiefrontly detecting ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION WITHOUT TFST TRANSMIS-
* moderate data rate (less than 1 Mbps) PSK signals in real time SIONS
are discussed A receiver employing synchronous boerposs Chia-Chi Chen and Lehster A Gadt.- 1h In AGARO Aerospace
sampting and A/ID conversion of Il- IF signal is described Sampler Tojecommun Systems Aug 1972 14 p refs (For siailability
syxichroreuza!ron, bi synchronization. and data detection are sa N73-10187 01-07)
performed by a apecial-purpose digital processor Analyical (Contracts OAA807-69 C-0365. AF 491638)116271
methods are developed for predicting receiver performance, and An extended gradient method for iteratively solving acts of
experimental data is presente,1 to indicate the degree of agreement linear equations he,,, beer) developed and used here as the
that one mrniht expect Authof aligo.-ithm to perform adaptive equalrzatinn Although sties. has
been placed on using this algorithm without test transmissions.
N73-10197 Fontchungsinstitut fuer Funk und Mathmatealk. for transversal equalizers. the algorithm may also be used with
Warslsc'ven (West Germany). test tra.-ismissions as well as for recursive equalizers Initially-
ADAPTIVE PRE-WHITENING FILTZR Stationary, binary, bipolar channels are equalized without test
AKlemom In AGARD Aerospace Telocommun Systems Aug signals For nighly dispersive channels, the algorithm usesa
1972 7 p refs (For availability see N73-10187 01-07) variable history of past sequences to provide more effective
Some methods are shown for calculating the optiial linear equalization The algorithm. if used when tesi signals are available.
pino-whitening filter fumv~toon from real time computed correlation permits channels t0 be equalized with multilevel signals transmit-
functions The problem is due to tht, otrimal detection 0f target ted instead of confining fransmrlssror Itc tl'e b'.a-v,. bipolar case
signals in correlated noise in radar technique In principle the The algorithm has also been proven useful for adapting as equalizer
recerved data are multiplied with the inverse of the correlation in conjunction with a time varying channel because it canI
matrix of the noise, based on the Woiener theory. however. a acconcodate to rapidly varyrig chaiacteristics Author
linear function. that 16. the first column of the inverse of the
correlation matrix can also be given Three methods are shown N73-1020'. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Bruxel~es
and discussed. by means of which it is poassble to calculate the iBelgium.)
first column iii real time without inverting the whole matr~x PROPAGATION CRITERIA WITH TACTICAL SATELLITE

Author COMMUNICATIONS
HJAlbrecht M Eggestad and L A Maynard In AGARtO
N73-10198 Mitre Corp. Bedford. Mas Aerospace Teleco'nmun Systems Aug 1972 13 p refs
A FLEXIBLE NAROWIRED F~AST FOURIER TRANSFORM (For availability senc N73-10187 01 071
* DIGITAL PROCESSOR Tactical satellite commun icatIions may use a variety ot
* E. A. Palo and G C 0 Leery In AGARD Aerospace Telecommun frequency bands depending upon the aptp.cstron Considering
Systems Aug 1972 15 p refs (For availability see N73-10187 mobility and simplicity of equipment some of ilie more important
01-071 aspects. the UHF range was four~d to be particularly suitable tn
(Contract F19620-71I-C-0002) other words operating frequencies are within the 200 to 4400
A herdwitod dwjgrta l ~ucessor
based on the Cooirey-Tukey MHZ ponrton 01 the spectrum Proprgation criteria considered
algo~rithm is presented A laboratory prototype hat been built are 1ll scintillation effects due to ionospheric irregularities 12)
with two modes of operation As a cascade fast Fourier ray deviation caused by atmospheric layers. (3) multipath
transformer, it can simultaneously calculate transforms of two effects, and (4) transparency of su-rounding materials Scintilla-

independent, continuous data streams at word rat"s in excess tion-s are analyzed on the basis of experimental and theoreticalI
of 3 MHz As a nonrecursniv digital trilter, it can produce fihter results obtained The subject of ray deviation is closely related
impulse responseis of up to 32 points The digital filter also to abnormal tropospheric conditions With regard to multipath
operates from data sources with word rates exceeding 3 MHz effects, the general aspects of gf,,un1 reflections are analyzed
The processor has been integrated into a system with otther for the purpose 0f evaluating their irnporiance with mob . surface
signal processing components including a small general purpouse terminals The problem of penetrating surrou.iding materials may
computer Laboratory demonstration of tire processing system be essential whenever a porous obstacle sich as vegetation, is
as a spectrum analyzer and as an adapriva filter for distortion presenit in the path between surface terminal a )d satellite
correction is discussed Author Author

111173-1O1091 Siemens A G. Munich (West Gernienyl N73-JOZOZ North Atlantic Treaty organization. Bruxelles
THE ADAPTIVE EQUALIZATION OF TF;ANSMISBION loe!aruml
K H Moehrmann In AGARD Aerospace Tele:ommun Systems COMMUNICATIONS
Aug 1972 16 p refs (For avoilability see N/3-10187 0t-Oil H J Albrechit. R Makaruslchka. tind R Menzel In AGARD
Aera gcrrc.al introductror. &-tie ulthl~e pi nciplr.ý of adaptive AeiOsa,,tra Taleroriimuri Systems Aug 1972 15 p rots
optimization are explained using as example the automatic (o viaiiyseN31170-7
identification of the transfer function of a renatrsystem under The use of wide band satellites vith freqtuency conversion
operating cond-rions Then several techniques for the automatic and hard limiting displays certain di~sdfvhnteoe~s and limitations,

minimization of the lnear drptortions in commriinication channels particularly if the bandwidth is restricted to. a g. 50W kHz in
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 133

the 'JHI- rango This causes the number of links to be limited if HANrDLING IN AMIL' P.RY COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
simultaneous operattron is envi$*ged Another possible system C H Blanchard in AI3ARD Aerospa~ce Telecommurt Systion"
uses wide bend satellites withs adjustabiles characteristics, such Aug 1972 12 p rets (For availability "ae N73 10187 01-071
as linear Qualsi-linoar. or harj limirter operation Constidering verdo Computer based message swaching systenis fsrt'ill a necessarY1
bandwivdiths; of the order of t0 MHx in thA UHF range. weom, function within a military system. and it is expected that the
advantages may be gained by such adjustable characteristics size and cornclexity of these highly sophisticated systems will
under jonmrr'infe conditions The vulnerability ot the ontirs system increase Some of the problems associate,' with thea design.
can be reduced bry single channel operation. emrploying satellites proct.rement and maintenance of such systems are Sasic: fact
with separate channels covering the entire bandwidth of 1O MHz finding exercises. operational requirement. drafting of a procure-
with multiple base band operation Among the feasoible combined ment specification and project definition and tender evaluationI
systems are those using UHF and SHF For tactical satellite Author
systems, a possible configuration compriss a quartlitye of smaller
teremintlis operating on UHF with a satellite recrvxing or, UHF liel" 13207 Honeywell Wnormation Systems. Inc Tampa. Fla
nd, ret ransmitting on SHF to a powerful master surface ter-iinal. THE AUTOMATED TECHNICAL CONTROL (ATECI SYSTEM
ac~rrvgas net control and relaying the retransmitted signal on Louis Calden and Anthon-' S, Szalkowvsk, IRADC NdY)I In AGARD
ItSHF to the satellite. whi' h again establishes a UHF link to the Aerospace Telecommun Systems Aug 1972 18 p netsi
desir- J smaller terminal Author (Fo. availabilit, see N73-10187 01 071
Tire ATFC system assigns fun~ctions to men arid machines
lwii7-. 0203 Sti'pe Air Detense Technical Center. The Hague so that each does most that which they do best In general.
11
4Ntfsertands) this means machine tasks iqclude the collection. processing.
G.ROUND TERMINAL MEASUREMENT REOUIREME:. rs toiting and rerireving of data under the direction of the man
WITH RESPECT TO SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS LINK whose function includes reasoning. deciding. interpreting
AVAILABILITY controlling and directing The overall ATEC design philosophy
A N Inca and A Wattro~ie fIn AGARD Aerospace Teleconr~r.-" provides bidirectionz. moduiarity lor custom izllion to the
Systems Aug 1972 12 p refs (For avofai~laity see N73-101 87 communication station and graceful degradatron in case of tailure
0! 071Therefore. the total system capability is never lost by failures of
If07
Crr. mu nications satellite systems are considered with multiple even considerable portions of the ATEC Trie concept. structure
gotdterminals carrying many voice channels, linked to each and applicatirn o! the ATEC system and its subelements are
other via.. a gesosaitorrary satellite To obtain the required ink described Author
capaci'ties with specifed p~erforrn~nce it is necessary to set the
levels 0f the as7sessing carriers very carefully to achieve the N73-10208 Air roicr. Communrcations Service. Richards Gebaur
appropriate sharing of the satellite output power The satellite AFS Mi)
J systerr, control center measures link parameters and instructs
the ground terminals to adtust transmttev powers in order to
THE TRANSMISSION PERFURIMANCE OF THE DEFENSE
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
Yuan sin Ft. and Robert L Ffik In AGARD
Jrirrecr pheirformance degradation due to eaternal factors. Aerospace
The accuracy with wh~ch !ho system parar'i stars can be Tel~cornmuo Sysrerns Aug 197? 9 p rfr-; (Fo. evailabiltyA
It measured determines how well the carrer levels may bA controlled se N73* 10187 01-071
and consequently the availability of the communication lrnk~s A rystem wide measurement program an the delense;
Measurement methods for some of !i: most ingortant quentrieus commur-ications system was initrated in 1967 The sample plan
aru, given and th-i accuracy achieved vitah an experimental satellite and measurement procedureis are discussed briefly A summary
terminal is discussed Author of the analysis results is piesented it contains estimates ot
population means for frequency response, delay distortion impulse
N73-10204 Admiralty Suitc.ýe Weapons Establishment. Port- noise idle channel ncu~e and harmonic distortion for the voice
smouth lEntilandl channels withir the defense communicatrons system Finally, the
SCOT SATELLITE COAMMUNICiTION TERMINAL 90 Percent confidence interval as welt as estimates of standard
P A Lares, In AGARD Aefro,,pace Telecrmmun Systems Aug deviation aie computed Author
1972 4 pi tFor ave-lability see N73-1018? 01 07)
SCOT is the satellite communication terminal in production N73-10209 F ectionic Systems Div -L G Hanscomr Field. Mess
to., the Royar Navy for installation in frigates and cerlain other DIGITAL VERrUS ANALOG COWMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
classres of ships It provides broadcrist and ship-shore faciltites TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
within the SKYNEI systlet A brief description of the terminal Carl A Segerstfrom In AGARD Aerospace Telecominun Systems
and some of the problems of access and conroitainrelted tu toie Aug 1972 1C)p Fo: ~~e N73 1018? 01 01,
neesity to fully esploit the terminals capability are reported The limittions of tire current world wide analog transmission
Author plant is viewed rit terms of its data and voice handlilW capabilty
~In addit on. improved data l~animission is hrghiigh-ed using
N73-102060 National Aeronautics and Space Administration mncrowa.'e cable or Irirop when using digital rather than analog
LwsResearch Center. Cleveland. Ohio 14chrliques in optimizing :riloimatron flow Some of the ýystem
FACTORS AFFECTING FREQUENCY AND ORBIT UTILIZA- improvements expected in using digita4 A.itching techniques
TION BY NIOH POWER TRANSFPSISSION SAThLLITE and thp ircreased possibilities for the inclusion of technical control
SYSTEMS in the switch desigrns 3ia discussed (iorn a system viewpoint
Perry W Kuhns. Edward Miller. end rhomas 0, Vallery in AGARD Since the current plant reprresents a large investment and outrightI
1 7
Aerospace Telecomrmun Systemi At-g 9 kc 16 p refs replacement oi at. entire network is impractical, the process of
Iffor availability see N73 10187 11t 07) hybridization and eventual all digital impl'entanttion over a 20 30
The factors sadlcing thee s-raring of the _-!hs..onsrV Orb~i year interval is examined Finally some of the possible overall
Ijy high. power Iperimar-f television) satlelite sysionis having the improved system characteristics are listed that cannot now be
same or adjacent cc. erage areas and Li satelliteis o~cupying achieved in tht present anailog configuiation Author
the same orbit Legment are examined and exampt,- using the
results of computer compulatrons arfe given The factors N73-10210 Lear Siegier Inc Grand Rapids Mich Instiument
consiodered include required rprotection ratio, receiver antenna Div
patrterns. ro.;rive transmitter gower, transmitter antenna patterns. KALMAN FILTERING FOR PAPID AND ACCURATE
salelilkif Vrouping. an-i cc-'c-age pwtern oyerlgp Thy nremIlts OETECTION OF CWV INTERFERENCE ON DIGITAL TELE-
presented indicate the limits of system chaiacteristics and orbit COMMUNICATIONS
deployment which can result from -n--ringi systems Author R J Fredericks Ir AGAFID Aerospace Toelcommun. Systems
Aug 1972 24 p rats (For availability see N73 10187 01 071
N73 10206 Royal Air Force. Wairiw -England) Application of the quasi lineai Kalrman filtering algorithm to
AUTOMATIC MESSAGE SWITCHING ANy) v.ATA ThsAFFIC the problem nf estimating the freq~uency amplitude arid. if desired
'I
134 07 COMMUNICATIONS I
inittil phase of o-le or n'.Ye interfering CW signals is described ground reflections. oe the use of corscentrc wire. mesh lences
Thes unwanted sintisooKd we assumed presentmn a background around each antenna. is also mentioned Another error of the
of no@"e end the useful %ignalbandwidth is assumed to be 20-26 antenna system is the phase pattern .iscrepancret betweentJ
kHz with the lammeral) located anywhere in this spectral
inlerves Channel center frouernciet, located throughout the range N
100 kHz to 1000 GHz are investtrfted without requ:ring any N73-141311 Advsory Group for Aerospace Research and
changes it. the basic fitter strumure sdila the state dynamics Development. Pairs (France)
are linear the measuremenrla are highly non-linear functions of EFFI:CTS OF ATMOSPHERIC ACOUSTIC GRAVITY WAVES
the staew variables Because of the --on-inlacrity on the measure- ON ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION
"nmrits am the fact that the measusiment noise is nonwhite Oct 1972 508 p refs In ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH Presented
verious techniques such as the addition .f a o,Ih v. riable with at Sp•eialist Meeting of the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
the dimensions of hertz to the state vector and he use of an Panel of AGARD. W-esbaden. 17-21 Apr 1972
HC$2750 "
adaptwiv measurement noise matrix or* tequir•l to insure (AGARD-CP-115) Avail NTIS

pmper filter convergence FResulha are grven show;ng fil•e operation The generation, propagation, and effects of acoustic gravity
with J/N ratel from -9db upward* to over -+20db Typical waves on etmospheric transmission of electromagnetic waves
frelquency astrer..tion errors after 1000-2000 micro.econo, with are discussed The formiron of traveling ionospheric disturbances
high J/N ratioe are on the order of 10 Hz Aw,'hor and their influerce on radroelectric communicat-ons are emph*-
sized For individual titles. see N73-1 4132 through N73-14170

N73-102 11 Post Office Research Dept. Ipswich (England) N73-14132 National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministratiOn.
THE EFFECT OF INTERCHANNEL INTERFERENCE ON TIOE Boulder Colo Space Environment Lab
PERFORMANCE OF A PHASE MODULATED DIGITAL SOME ANALOGIES BETWEEN THE PROPAGATION OF
SYSTEM ONOSPHERIC RADIO WAVES AND ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY
M C Davies in AGARD Aerospace Telecommun Systen.s WAVES
Aug 1972 17 p (For availability see N73-10187 01-07) Kenoreth Davies I. AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
Computer programs amploying simulation and analytical Gravity Waves on Elect:omagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
techniques were developed for calculating the error performance 12 p refs (For availability see N73 14131 05-07)
of 2- and 4-level cohsrent-phase shift keyed (C P S KI and The propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere is similar
rrfferentral-coherent-phase-shrf keyed ID3CPSK) systems to that of acoustic gravity waves in the neutral atmosphere
containing filters of specified characteristics The effect of those Both are anisotropic and dispersive Furlthermore the temperarure
filters on the distortion in the wanted channel, and on the structure in the atmosph,., is somewhat similar to the electron
density structure in tie ionosphere Hay tracine of acoustic waves -
probablyty density and magnitude of the interference were taken
exhibit high and low-angle rays s&i-p zones. etc Author
into account Some preliminary 2-level C P S K results from a
versatile experimental test facility are in good agreement with
the corresponding theoretical results Author N73-14133 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Fou!de'. Co!O Wave Prodnigasirn lith
A 3D TRACING FOR ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVES
N73-10212 Southampton Univ England) Dept of Electronics T M Georges In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
GENERATION OF INTERMODULA71ON INTERFERENCE Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Pro,)agatron Oct 1972
DUE TO NON-LINEAR EFFECTS IN THE NEAR FIELD 10 p refs (,or availability see N73.14131 05-07)
REGIONS OF MULTIPLE TRANSMISSION COMMUNICA- A new general purpose ray tracing program for acoustic
JN SYSTEM
et nbgravity wave, has beer, developed It allows atmospheric wind
Joom, Betts and D A Ebenezer In AGARD Aerospace ar.. temperature to vary in all three spatial dimensions and with
Toecommun Systems Aug 1972 12 p) refs (For availability time and accounts for earth curvature Ray plots slow the
a" N73-10187 01-07) characteristic acou.tic
The oo-locatlon of transmitters and receivers for military but also so0me interestingrayandpatterns of a raystandard
unexpected atmosphere
geometries in cases
mobile requirements. particularly when a multiple-frequency of more complex wind fields and lot internal gravity waves
trnamnisaron capability is essential, produces a serious profblem Author
of intermodulatlion interference The results c; a laboratory
investigation in which steel specimens have been subjected to N73-14134 Natonae Bureau of Standards Washington PC
two-frequency excitation (mainly in the HF range at 1 2 and GENERATION AND PROPAGATION OF WSOUND WAVEa D
GET ION AND ION OF TON WE S
5 1 MHzO of known field strength and orientalion are described
Parilcuoat atinSt;or h35LbLen g;vcrn to t!e terodu! level BETWEEN THE IONOSPHERE AND THE LOWER AT
dependence upon surface preparation. which includes machined MOSPHERE
and pol ;hod serrated. electrodeposited cadmium and cold-sprayed Richard K Cook In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
zinc finishes Results are also described for starnle -, alloy and Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
carbon steels. The effect nf surface corrosion, which has 8 p refs (For availability see N73 14131 05-071
hitherto blven referred to as the rusty-bolt problem. is also Various physical processes generate sound waves at infraonic
n refferred to wi thi ru~ty- lt pransmiss . ,sy stem
descr ibed zAts• frequencies in the lower atmosphere The results of an analysis
deacribed a-.d its effectfrom
within
that an surfaces
parasitictransmission
on Activa Author for the
systemfothgerainofsudndppgtonow generating due to
of sound andpropagateon downwardtiadsueo
has been distinguished the heating effects of suroral discharges particulerly those
traveling at supers, nc speeds in directions parallel to the earth s
N73-10213 Deutsche Forschungs und Versjchsansialt fuer Luh. surface are prcsented Tile shock waves from such discharger.
und Raumfthrt. Oberpfaffenhofer. iWest Germany) are propagated steeply downward with very little loss of energy
DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS FOR A NEW INTERFEROMETER from absorption by viscosity and heat conduction, and are
SYSTEM (SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION. PHASE CHAR- frequently observed at infrasonic sýOaions located at high
ACTERISTICS. SUPPRESSION OF GROUP'D REFLECTIONS) latitudes An estimate of auroral heating i. derived from the
H Oe-tl and H Goessl In AGARD Ae-ospace Telecommun observed strengths of in'rasound at the earths surface
Systems Aug 1972 8 p refs lFor ave-.ability see N73 10187 Author
01-07)
A new interferometer system with antennas mounted on
El/As-pedestafs is corsidered Each antenna consists of an array N73-14135 Massachusetts Inst of tech Cambridge Detit
of 36 crOssed dujpi)les There .% a Tsichehyscheff amilitude of Mechanics Engineering
daitribution in the elevation plane and in te plane orthogonal A MODEL FOR ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVE EXCITATION
dr~e the
to it tO Since he d -stance between the three interferomeler BUOYANTLY RISING AND OS( LLATING AIR
BYASE
antennas is 57 lambr,&. the suJpertesrcn of reflected signals must MASSES
be batter than 40 to 50 dl to keep the phase error due to Allan D Pierce In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
reflections in the ordfr - I uj I deg A further method of suppressing Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 136

12 pt refs (For availability set N73 14 131 05-07) N73-14139 Ilirlinoi Univ Urbana Ionosphere Radio Lab
(Contraci F1962S-70-C00011) ON WAVES GENERATED BY STATIONARY AND TRAVEL-
A somewhat general mathematical model is developed for ING SOURCES IN AN ISOTHERMAL ATMOSPHERE UNDER
the study of the excitation of acorristic-gsavity, waves bsy rising GRAViTY n e n GR fet o topei
and oscillating air masses Sources are initially described by AcoHstic Gavid K CaeY E n lcfoAgARD tlect oavAtmopagerion
distributions of fluid dynamoc quantrillas over a moving closed Aosi rvt ae nEetoartcWv rpgro
surface Analysis then indicates that inaofar as wave generation Oct 1972 17 p reft (For availability see N73 14131 05 07l
is concernbd. such surface distributions So* eqcuivale~nt to (Grant NSF GA 13723)
concentrated point sourcest at the center of the volume The Experinrenfal evidence indicates that acoustic gravity waves
reeulting linearized inhiomogeneiout wave equations are derived in lint neutral atmosphere can too jeneraled by various nlatural
andscolved in term. of Goreen's lunctions The case of an is3tlhotrmal and artificial sources such as earthquakes severe weather fronts
tmshrsi ifcloedn some calle) Author nuclear detonations in the atmosphere lte streams supetioil(
atmo~lsee isdiscsseddisplaemeints of aurora) arcs aurora) itubstoor w, solar toclipse.
Col
N73-413 o ScenceandTecnoloy.
Imeria ondn lt Itircirahts. rocket laurnchrings etIc These various enialio.141,
N73-413
Co~ ofSciece
Impria nd Tchnlogy Lodonmechanisms can be considererd as ore or a r;ombinatiii of the
lEngland) three types of sources norss, pioduc lion momrerntum production
ACOUSTIC GRAVITY WAVES AND DIFFUSION EFFECTS and energy production which carl hre stid-eri *a very general
AT THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDAARI'S fashion For the case of stationary sources it 5shown that the
F W G Warren In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic transient response and the oveiail wave form at a given
Gravity Waves on Eleactromragnetilc Wave Propagation Oct 1972 observation pciint depend on z nuniber ot Oi~aaniaetes such a5
8 p rlef IFor availability see N73 14l3l 05 07) the height and the range of the otrie~vatrori Ipoint tht! tirme of
Th- ;aoundary conditions in the lingear theory of acoustic observation tfie spatrai ana t.arflirtial diependlence of the soutce
gravity waves in the atmosphere are discussed It is Shown thattenaueo ci e Ahr
oo irAl,
diffusion offsect$ aI the boundaries may lor the most part bethnaueo
ignored provided the vertical wave number is not too small The
results for gravity waves agree qualitatively with those obtained N73- 14140 Laniorit (Johe'ty iGeolowrcal Otbser-vatory Palisades
ty Yanowitch (1967) but tha details djiffer An upper bound for NY
the reflation coefficient for sMell veirtiscal Wave numbetrs is ACOUSTIC GRAVITY WAVES IN THE NEUTRAL ATI
obtained It is roscallod thiat the results hotd only if the mean MOSPHIFRE AND THE IONOSPHERE
free path at high altitudes is small compared With the horizontal Nfainitath K Salaciiaiirlar In fouARl Effects of Atmospheric
wavelength Author Acoiustr. i.,iavrtv Wave.. (ini fir' iii),irr elret Wave Propagation
Oct 19). 1 1r refs ilu ii N73 14131tO 071O
s-ritrlt
N73 141137 Alaska Unlit, College Geophysical Inst ICCntrelct L)AAUO)7 b9 C UZ!.sri (Gidris
AUrORAL INFRASONIC WAVE GENERATION MECHAN CIAARDOIP. 31 124 1t Cr90 NSf 6iA lOf4i
Ism Cotribtn 1799.

1
Charles A svonisgrrn
trn AGARCr itcr91 Arr-ruspnei;el Acuust,ii :u -r. -. .- - --
Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave IF-rosgatron Oct 1972 of large iiiriric itie f sowiiic try senstitive rilicrobarograpti
20 p We~ Sponsored in port by ARPA end NOAA (For availability iii the Winurt t. i, igir~ Ire~itie-y Duopiler trrjiriroue at orrosphernc

seveN73-14131 05-07) levels, aid Of lunig pt-i utj lot

Prir~ilit
Itrl- iIi-,ion Ot acoustic
(Grant NSF GA- 11682 1) iravity waves at lIre wiclundi lever i. empiarnert he using normal
The morphology of auroa)a infrasonic wave Alitht substorms -tode appro-i. tiv td siralitietj (mostrihiefe For acouustic. gravity
as deteirm.ined from infrasonic observations Stung a magnetic ivaves eletictrodi filte jiluiorir lever lire st-vti peerod acoustic
meridian through Alaska Shows that AIW are never observed nmodel have higher anipiltuorts thadn thre long re~iod gravity modes
-p.ripagating in a poisewisad direction even thCugh a.rrorat activity literwratves iiroiic isinit ai-coijii hf irnitorhw c~hinof popeto sow
freirosqntfy, occurred South of the stations AIW have been shown lr ae lttiirrt i rt m cnih~ndsutacsso
to be toIrsconic bow waves g.'anerated by Supersotric westward u-i tredzr ...
... i.ij-re ui shoite- acost
6i 0-1oi r
c es than the
oQuistorwerd or eastoward motions of suroral slacrvolet arcs This, clavity ftrri-hrr Ar.,j..
r Wintr thri. irin0,ri rIcrrheory and the
I anti wa.ve ttii'y thle ricrijy iteirsir-, to, lonrg period Waves
asymn~etry *n the ocrurrence ot AIWV with respect to direction
of motion of on arc is interpreted as an intrinsic asymmetry in decrirases eetio-ow~rait, -1i1t tinirjlt firoirm tire glound thus
the generatior meachanism within the arrioral arcs and not as a Iriuvidirig irisruficrert erieryr fiiiciiO4ier drstuibn~Sii
propagation affectiIt is postulated that the basic acouslic pulse Author
within the etectroter arcs is caused tif Collisions With tire neutral
gas of positive ions that are driven by electfrodynamic driit in
the E region of the driroral arc if the supersonic iranislation of N73 141 41 Moonr-irr A,.1itrni tR-rifrch As.-~ iti-, Inc Newton
the primary auroral electron Sheet has a component ot 'notion IUpper Fialls Mash
parallel to the electrodynamic di~ft of the positive ions then an MODELING OF NUCLEAR SO.!RCES OF ACOUSTIC-
AurolCI infrasonic shock wave will be produced in thre E region GRAVITY WAVES
ionosphere and 3Iropagate to the ground as a modified shock or Brian L Murphy arni Srolltctrr L Kahara. Inr AGjARO Effects of
bow wave it on lhe othe, hund the suroral arc: rmotion is AtuIcilpte~ic Accoustic (jravity Wives ,iii F ier tiriirgnetic Wivp
anti-parallel to the dritt of tire positive ions then no AIW will Propaqitioro Oct 1972 t1 1,
t es (Fur avariatiriry See
be produced Author N73 14131 Q1, ()ir

N73-14138 Kiwrua Geophysical Observatory- iS-isderi, The relationship) btewveen hVjlicilrririiirr iricriroris caused try

1 DETECTION OF 2 Hz INFRASOUND PRODUCED BY a loairrlc ~irso aI siirrubeirrn oronnItiemi , sir: ac

MOVING AURORAL ELECTROJETS s revieweotht 11-P trim- 5ri iji-iliq 1i(,tor -rr]ire rivirr irretali

Ludwik Crszka and Hans Westin In AGARlO Effects of Aiirostmherir are r Oir-diertl as. ti-ritririiiri. iiIt sliown that drifferent
.%iii
Acoustic Gravity Waves ýn Electiomagnetr( Wavre Propagatilo- liurtirris 1i1 ithe strci, lo ir-irt irrar I-r irosii-i ... teorms ()I the
i
Oct 1972 12 p ras (For availability see N73 141t31t 05 07, oriustre- r--hvtrre, lrr-reaieTire tiuIrcl tire struck
Two Hz intrasound was detected cturirng a rirunvir cof rnalor hown retlere Ifrn Itir li / o It alirtudor -- e JUdIIiuces
geomnagneicho storms using rmicrophone airsis IThe dirfeclron of tistiriti~anrce tritiuits III. liJeiof a ........ li uPn 5oarsyafor
""rrValand the hofirzotal phase velocity ot the intrasioirri at the unonst-rator Ti-e 1- ton. it tire shirr6 front wrstr.h prop gates

with motions ot the aufrcirs electrolet as deteinirreidt from norrirnear tivc5 iitirc . ....
lisur ... fo-eess in) t0
geormagnetic observations at trvT Scandinavian vsir)-on3 The nirnutes it is %ticrni thaIt P tr'etdi~i .r, rirr-A ttrirt in girniei~tni
comparisor. using a ray tracingj tachnirlire ras Show[-i thai only Scnrrstrc: tiacry .sairs v 1i-. 1 1 .-raC, *-. Iatrýai attitude
a part of the observed ritfresrurni rmayire tiril~rir.el ii sritiresuirrc floit alit, r.ri iin.miitri iii eiIiainuspriere
motions of aurortis electrorets Author AuthOr
136 07 COMMUNICATIONS

N73-14142 Ecote Normal* Superevi Pairs iFranctl Lab do thon The calculated pertu~rbation deopends very atrongly, on heigh
Physique inclinlation and azimuth Its omplitude varies between 0 and
THE THEORY OF ATMOSPHERIC ACOUSTIC PROPAGA- 100 pet cent of the undis~urbed slectro.. denit-y, and its phase
TION may change rapidly around the F layer maximum Author
Ch Senthet end Y Rocard In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric
Acoustic Gravity Waves on (Electromegnat.c Wave Propagatbion
Oct 1972 18 p in FRENCH. ENGLISH srrmrnarylFor avoiarlbulity N/ 14148 Queensland Univ. Brisbane JAustratrel Dept of
see N73. 14131 05-07) "~hysics
A comprehensive review of atmospheric acoustic wave ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE WAVES AT BRISBANE AND
propagation is reported Calculations demonstrate the radiating THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH CERTAIN iONOSPHERIC AND
toroperties of the infrasonic noise ring created by large exptoestons SLREET
on the ground in directions other than those of the rays which SOA EVEwmnTIS GR fecso tophrcAosi
formed it Introduction of nonlinearity, in the propagation of Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
infrasonic short period waves results in trie besnding of acoustic13prf(F aaat:tyseN3431007
raysbac to he roun AuhorTwo aspects of the nighttime recordings. at Brisbane. of
rniciobarographs of high sensitivity are examined when the re':ords
N73-14143 Massachusetts Inst of Tech Cambridge showed watt defined gravity wavec_ with periods around
EXPLOSIVE EXCITATION OF LAMB'S ATMOSPHERIC EDGE 12 minutes and amplitudes of the order of 10 microbar
MODE Superposed epoch analyses using these occurrences is control
Joe W Posey and Allan D Pierce In, AGARID Efifects of dates, for a sunspot minimum period revealed an apparent
Atmospheric Acoustic Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave association between the dares &nd the occurrence of oionospheric
Propagation Oct 1972 12 p refs [For availatiliy, see spread F conditions in sub aurorral regions of :to earth Also
N73 14131 05 07) when sunspot activity arrid geomnagnetic activity were plotted
iContiict F 19628 70 C 00081 relative to) These dates there was evidnece of 27 day perioicitrileS
It has been previously demonstrated that tir field ground in the distributions Siare gravity wave o~ci.urreicss ire shown
level pressure observations of etrilosivelt, generated acoustic to be related to ithe passage of weather fronts at Brisbane
gravity waves are often dominated by the Lamb atmosPher-c However it is the remaining occurrences which appear to be
edgeomode for the first cycle or two Particular attention is associated with this occurrence of spread F Some evidence for
given to the excitletrn of this mode by a bilast wave from a an association between the occur~ence of atmospheric acoustic
large atmospheric explosion It is found Ithat the strength of the waves and sunspot activity is developed Author
excitation is stroriyly dependent upon the tort of the blast wave
A theoretical development shows that for the pure Lamb mode. N73 14147 National Oceanic arid Atmospheric Admini~stration
a simple analytical relation exists between the energy of the Boulder Cola Space Environmeint Lab
sourice and the initial amplitude anid period of the for fiold pressure FURTHER REMARKS ABOUT TRAVELING IONOSPHERIC
wvaveform This rolation is compared with some empirical data DISTURBANCES ATTRIBUTED TO JET STREAM ACTIVITY
."d ar. " ';. 4.,i re~a~ s'. .:d e~ir~slta~rd AT MOD LATITUDE
uin seismic observations Author G; 8 Gas In AGAFID Ettects of Atirrospheric Acouistic Gravity
Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972 13
N73 1#044 Stanford Research Intl Menlo Park. CAlif p~ rats IFor availability see N73 14131 Gb 071
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE USE OF HIViES' ASYMPTOTIC Medirym scale traveling ionosphreric disturbances with periods
RELAION
TRAELIG FO INOSPERI DITURof 12 to 30 minutes are letected during daytime wir-ler at
SANCESF isgion heights These disturbances are present when it is
Norman J F Cii ig In A:iARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic rragoretically quiet and 3re attributed to tire lireserrie of active
Gravity Waves on Lk..Jromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972 wind platterns associated wit r the let Slio3llr at the height of
tO p rats llor a'i.wbifity, see N73 1 4!31 O!! 07) the tripopause The active patterns on the tropopause w-id
tt is shown that -nitrnal uprovity wave& propagating at analysit maps are recogn~ied by hor~iontal windi shear as the
ronsophoric heights mist have propagation angles near the spreedhi aoivt diminisharales as the wiondo accsleate orn

maximum permitted Thuis. IL., traveling ionospheric disturbancespe h cvl iiihs ste-idaclrtso
decelera~es in the direction of Ilow The ionos~pheric activity
r0l0s) tho use of Hines asvmrn.otic stations is tustifid by ray
tracinU V/erification o1 these ielaticnis is made by comparison of resulting from these active trotropause winds rraf be thought of
theoretical with expierimenital results for fifteen TIDs The effects as localirid in terms ot glob~al circulation aunt( leni-e is, neither
rh
C? mmC=_ ;;;O:!c on 'h Ca:,;!.b! ;c-;cjC o! T!D observed ofr predicted on a globial %,iale this~ is urfrl~iliiate vs
Iwavefront tilts and perrodsl are discussed it is shoy'n that for HF radio rarismiss~ion is effetredv tiy the tieierice of such
TIDs that corginata below the mesopause the .,tmOsphifrs behaves ionospheir. disturbances Author
like a bandposs filter with certer frequency favoring waves with MsahstsIs fThC-)ig
periods near 20 rrun-ý:&a Author Nf73 1410. aschstsIsto e1 Cifig
GENERA'tON OF ANOMALOUS IONOSPHERIC OSCILLA
TION By rHUNOERSTORtMS
Nf73 14146 Max Planck Institut foot Aeronomie Linda., Ube, C A Moo and A 0 Pierce Iin AGARO Fflr'cis oif Alrnos1 ,fupi
Northarm (West Germany) Intl fuer torroSphateranphysil AcoirStir. C.ravly Waves or. fiei-tiomaicnetic Wave Pinntaqatir"n
FULL WAVE CALICULATIONS OF ELECTRON DENSITY Oct 1972 8 pr ref-. liiu availability se~e N73 14i I I(b071
PERTURBATIONS CAUSED BY ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY iGinitrac; 119628 7U (. 0008)
WAVES IN THE F2 LAYER Read,. H F buipli' 5oiird-ni of lie iispihere %huvu%
J Klosteimayer In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic cir iltyouns during picrods of ihinderstoin, ac-tiviy These
Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 19 72 ust rations have periods in the lrainje of 2 miti toi 5 -n 1reiienily
I I p rof% For availabilitV see N73 14 13 1 05 071 for m-anv hours duraticri Tfic iohcerieii of tryp Oscilljotins -%
The coupled syslumn Of hydrodynamic equations which -,.Sitent mill tire niirairigi:1yfr.iithatTry -i'
describes gravity wave perturbations in the n~jutral and ion gases% cau. -di irv tire lna--atplit 'lolng wary iiri il~a-.iui wavlis
"issolved by a full wVe reoi ircu
" 't, g
ythe altects of height Tlere jaiiiityia~l ... 1iii, tsi i... wvith hi sa-e
dependent temperature and winds Cariolis force, viscosity, thermal period rani associated winh airiniotiuri iii -,p ii(ii,.i'theip (itififi.u
conduction. and ron drag Calculated results agree well with severe ii eritier Houwyver o~invri-cove a, iuw.y is known to
expea~nreitai dlata deduced Irvii ic: " -dvce "uitr 'soaikyeiii ,~ii*0.Siii - idit..i - -. I:.~i,i.iJ -. '...
The numerical calcutations are further combined with observed ab~ove Br niti Va~sar periods A theory to,~ tr ireyritarrou oftiherse
gravity wave parameters ro obtain height profltes of the ml~iptiude toi 5
2rulh --i... piri'di wav.
-I id -i on, ttpis -- ulb
and phase ot the electionr drinsity perturbation as functions of to fho. tent
ii In Ij
1n 11 ni MOti eor aiiIu 'ft
ofrnrdu,1 i.i 0.,i.:i
the geomagnetic @-.Iirnatoi arid the 0 tuin iih of wave piopaga is I"ch iS.it Auithcr
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 137

P173-114149 Mait Planck Institut fNor Aeronomie Lindou Uber Waves on Elec~romagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
Noritheirn (West Germany) ItI p rets Sf -nsored in part ty AFCRL IFor availability itol
A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF AMPLI- N73 14131 05 071
TUDES AND SPECTRA OF GRAVITY WAVES The use of ultra sensitive radars has resulted in a new ability
J1 P Schoedel In AGARD Effects of Atrnosphvrirc Acoustic to see structure and motion of the atmosphere not possible
Grsiiaty Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972 before Among other things these radars detected gravity waves
13 p refs (For availability see N73 14 131 05 07) at the troionopause Experimental proof has been obtained wh~ch
Observiationss of the ionospheric electron content by means shows incontiovenibte evidence that Bragg scattering is the prime
c-f geostationary beacon satellites very often exhibitl oscillations cause of the electromagnetic scattering phenomenon The signal
monitoring system lot these oscillations For the investigation of of the spectral density o~f iefractive, index fluctuations in tn
the oscillations the records of the electron content were filltered atmosphsere A review of 28 gravity wave cases permits a tentative
numerically The amplitudes of effects caused try gravity waves characterization of these waves in terms of sizes. sthapes.
can easily be demonstrifled after the filtering The filtertid part persistence and conditions under which they occur Author
of the date represensting the wave induced fluctuations - Can
ba used for th-e computition of power spectra The folfowing 1N73-14163 Politecnico di Torino (Italy) 1st di Elettronicsae
faits are found I1l The wave amphltde decreases rapidly with Taeovrioin
decreasing period length 1.2; all periods can be observed, andTecouiaon
131haroni
r uualy fequncis
nt oseved AutorOBSERVATIONS OF GRAVITY WAVFS IN THE HEIGHT
131hainoicusall reqeniesj-
nt osered AutorRANGE
(a E Perotns Ir AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acrit-tic Gravit'r
1473-141160 Stanford Research Inst .Menlo Park. Calif Radio Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation 'V 1972
Physics tab AcouresticFgravailty wavest cN7143 05cssi
0cdeete7n)h
COMPARISON OF COMPUTED AND OBSERVED SHOCK tAcpurtfc g~ravaily aviltes cn73 14131su- 05071 cdinth
BEHAVIOR FROM MAULTIKIL07ON. NEAR -SURFACE 0 region of the ionosphere inspite of all the well known difficulties
NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS that characterize the interpretation of the data concerning that
Darnatri P Kaneltakos and Raymonid A Nelson In AGARD region This possibility is demonstrated from a theoretic point of
Effects of Atmospheri Acoustic Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic view Pend is successively confirmed by a careful analysis of VLF
Wave Propagation Oct 1972 16 *i) rets (For availability see data and c~oss modulation data, related to the 50-70 kmnrange
N73 14131 05 071 The limits on the amplitude. frequency arid wavelength of acoustic
(Contracts '33657 68 C 1147 F336S7 70 C 0090) gravity waves that may be detected at these levels, aret
Comparisoins are made betweer. numerical hydrodynamicoulndutr
calculations of the pr(oagation throuq'i 0-f? ionosphere of shock
fronts arising from near surface nudlea' explosions and experimen-
ltl observations of the ionospheric distujrbaiices associated with N73-14154 Centre National d Etudes des Telecommunications.
these shock fronts The purpo"e of these comparisons is to provide Issy les-Moulineaux Ifrarice)
0 It!"S 0- 'ht vat,!*, Of -rj-xer-C2! hvr~" C31=3!:'rct a! OfBSER-VATIONS OF GRAVITY WAVFS IN THF HIrHER
iocslii.leitflits Exieliriental values obtained from ronogrems ATMOSPHERE BY MEANS OF MEIEOR TRAIN DETEC-
taki-ri for some nuclear teslt series clearly show an acceleration TION
cif t-o shock front at altitudes ibove 100 km There is agreement M Glass (Lab dle Phys de lEcole Normale Superreurel A
between experirne-ral and calculated values to within a few kmn Spizzichino. a-,cdI Revah In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric
for the primrary shock front in spite of a lack of knowledge of Acoustic Gravity Waves on Electrornallnet-c Wave Propagation
the exact atmosphefir param-eters at the times of the tests Oct 1972 16 p refs in FRENCH. ENGLISH Sirminaiy lFpr
Author availability see N73. 14131 05-07)
Over 1000 individual values of ne~tirl wind can be obtained
N*73 14161 National 0'-eanic and Atmospheric Administration, daily. within the 75-105 altitude range. with a meteor radar
Boulder Coto Wave Propagation Lab Data processing and harmonic analysis significantly exhibit
FMV CW RADAR STUDIES OF PRODUCTION or TUR- progressive waves whose vertical przopagation can be tracked
BULENT INSTABILITY WITHIN THERMALLY STABLE owing to the accuracy in location due to the radar The length
LAYERS BY INTERNAL WAVES of the measurement period f10 days) makes it possible to
Earl E Gossard antI . H Richter (Naval Electron Lab Ceriter) acquire data on the life duration of the gravity waves observed
Ir AGARD Effeits or Atmospheric Acorushir Gravity Waves on Returns from Ionized traces produced by meteorites penetrating
Electromayneori Wave' Protoagator. Oct 1972 16 p refs int Ihe higher atmospheie are also obtained The radar is
iFor asartabtir1 see N73 14 131t05 071 6Atiemely ,eni-txe arid tihiteforii ca,, detect owe;' 1001J eto
i raar oundnq as ade he etaledechoes
A reentIP-opm~t daily Owing to a novel device lor measuring the distance
strr.,crire of it e trruilrsphere v. ble icr a degc.ree previously not between the radar and the meteor echo, and to rho accurate
aptioacabtel~eijdi
scundti an M C sytem he ostdetermination of the elevation and azimuth of this echo the
fi'aahaleThes
eida nentinthe recrd are insterna graioty altitude can be determined within - or - 500 meters The motions
outstand-ing f-ltseietithreodaeinealgvtyof the east-west zomponent of the neutral wir d within the 75 105
waves features reserrbtiny Kelvini Helmrholtz inslability Structures alt-irnecnb eue rmteDplrefcso hs
rnitioltp laverirN often disprayiny lrntrina only a few meters thickalidernecnbddudfomteDperfetsnthe
and converfiCr.- erl% within the marine layer A variety of echis V.aves are thus exhibited whose vertical propagation can
atirospheric %tiriniurat tiatipirry are stiowr, and compared with be tracked since the altitude is known Besides tical motions.
several t-y-vouffretical rriuiels 0f irltinal wave structures to obtain with periods ranging from 12 to 24 hours and over shorter
more riSyht rfu tire ati..iosplrrc proicsses at work Special period oscillations are obser-ved which can be compared to gravity
attenwiuri is Woven it) tire ilistribition ofi Richardson s number in waves Ato
t'atjriei arid rirt~atieil giaviy waves It is concluded that the
rrrittrlpte lavers result lfrtrf tiritiatipei internal (Iravity waves whose
liocpaidrioLn vector is nfrieilrrartvehrtiarlr within very stable N73- 14166 Alaska Univ. College Geophysical Inst
th.oyht reccir', Author NARROW BEAM HF RADAR INVESTIGAT.ONS OF
MIDLATITUDE IONOSPHERIC STRUCTURE AND MOTION
Robert 0 Hunsucker In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
0-avity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
14 p rats For availalririty ser N7r3 iv41 3 3. r 07;

I
NY73 14152Z Applt-rl i'liisic; Lab Johns Hlopkins Univ Silver
spring Md Data acquired from 1964 -1968 with a narrow-beam azimtuth
THE DETECTION AND STUDY OF GRAVITY WAVES WITH and elevation scan high frequency backscatler sounder have been
MIC;ROWAVE RADAR analyzed in detail This analysis has revealed that the rrregu'ar
lsa'Jcre Kal, Ir, AGARD Elftci(v, )!i Alri't-oslrerc Acostisc Gravity sitructure of the m-idlatitire ionosphere is the rule rather thanI
r
138 07 COMMUNICATIONS

the excepijton Irregularities of varying scale size and apparent the corresponding wavelength between 300 and 700 km they
motion were present in about 90% of the observations The also had a preferred line of travel which was orientated
Sgllafurev observed by this HF radar system have been categorized north South Author
into fight generic types which have been labelled with names
"rOuglhlydescribing their appearance on the range-azimuth scan
reCOrd The relative diurnal end •aeson~sI occurrence a$ weft as N73-14159 Government Commrunications Hq Cheltenham
the Qualitative sunspot cycle and geomaignetic coreriatnoa of these Engand)
signatures are presented One particular type of signature was THE EFFECT OF IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES ON THE
analyzed using a three dimensional computer ray t acing BEARINGS OF INCOMING SKY WAVES
technique utilizing experimen'el data to modify an atmospheric A 0 Morgan In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
gravity wave disturbance model Thi synthetic tricklicatter record Gravity •Aaves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
was sufficiently similar to the experimental HF radar record tO 1 p refs (For availability see N73 14131 05 07)
tustify this approach in the interpre:alron of u.,•=kscatter data A series of experiments was conducted to examine the eflects
Author of TIDs on bearing measuremens The receiving aerial used
was a Cii(uhd'lv dIspOsed WICe afpetule dr(ay and the output
N73-14156 Cenrro Radroeleltrico Sperrrentale G Martoni. from the array was processed by an automatic bea:.rig meas ring
Rome flialy) equipment The results showed that the bearing fluctuated with
AN IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC OF SOMF .RAVELING periods of 'ile o:de: of 20 minutes On some days. the bearing
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES record showed a continuous saquence of these fluctuations
i Fanze and P Giorgi In AGARO Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic whereas on other days. the fluctuations were almost absent
Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972 On the assumption of a mirror type of reflection. the observed
2 p fFor avadilability nee N73 14131 05 071 bearing error for a single hop path corresponded to ionospheric
Tile Observation or the F 2 region winter TiOs by means of tilts of up to 9 degrees Further on this assumption, it is estimated
vertical sounding on a fixed frequency. showed that the occurrence that these tilts can changa at the rate of up to one degree pur
time of some TIO groups anticipates from day to day Author minute The resu!ts also suggest the presence or systematic tlts
in the ionosphere. which change with the diurnal change of the
11473-141,7" Alabama Univ Research Inst Huntsville solar zenith angle The irplicatrons of these results, on practical
IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY LONG radio commu(ýication are briefly discussed Author
PERIOD SOUND WAVES GENERATED BY SATURN-
APOLLO LAUNCHES N73.14160 Vieapons Research Establishment. Salisbury
Gantt L Rao In AGARO Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic Grasity (Austrahal
Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Or 372 IONOSPHERIC TILT MEASUREMcNTS NEAR THE MAG
It p refs ifor availability see N73 14151 05 07) NETIC DIP EQUATOR
(Contract NASS 27088) R F Treharne In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
Wavelike disturbances were observed in the ronosphe'e Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
~ :~c~rr:! 2 ri~os-oris -n e3"., 1930s Srsrrrrsn- 13 n refs (For availab.1-ty see N73-14131 05-07)
shock waves within the atmosphere generated try large rockets Observations of ionospheric tlf have 'Jeen marie near the
car cause ,orros-rneric eaectron density perturbations A CW phase magnetic dip equator During the daytime these observations
)ath Dop:.ler a:ray in the New York area was uperaled duwng were hindered by the continuous presence of the intense
the Saturn Apollo 12 anr. 13 launches and recorded Doppler irregularities in the E region but the observed tills appeared to
freq'jepcy flu-.tuatiors due to rocket launctings Cross correlation be largar and to have a systematic tilt not seen in temperate
and power spectral ar-,ses Of the phase path path Doppler latitudes, the bias was to the east during the daytime and reversed
frequency wariatiun recordb showed that the phase velocities of in direction at sunset during the equrr)ctlial months Dc.ing the
the signil arrivais were from south of the array with 700 evening. if spreaJ F was absent, the tits of the F region could
800 Pr sec corresponding to periods re the range of 2 to be observed more clearly These evening tilts were of much
4 mincres lonogams taken every 60 ýeconds from Wallops greater magnitude had o much longer tIne scale than in temperate
Ilidnd,. showed clearly ionlospheric distuirtances due to rockets latitudes, and had superposed faster variations of a smaller scale
The group velocities were estimated io be of the order oi 450 which might be attributed to gravity waves Three nights of
m "ec I obtained from the earliest visible disturbances seen on observations are available ori in winter two in summer li, all
CW phase patlt Dopple, records dnd iorioyrams together with three cases the maximum filt t9 degrees) occurred nec-r 2100
the rocket trajeclory data Author hours local time the time normally associated with the equatorial
rise in hF after sunset but in the first case (winterl the direction
N73 14158 Corir-unrcatiurrs
0aptof Research Centre Ollawa 1r0itatro)
Cmmuncatlnf.the the third wl-eoea
tvo,!h(also •sm the
summer) if was
tnhor
and
san- ea~t 1,rmm1 a ýas wewst Author •_
Dept of Communications
OBSERVATIONS OF TRAVELLING IONOSPHERIC DIS-
TURBANCES AT LONDON. CANADA N73-14161 Kiruna Geoprysrcal Observatory (Sweden)
J Lirva In AGARO Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic Gravity ON THE GENERATI3N AND DETECTION OF ARTIFICIAL
Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972 ATMOSPHERIC WAVES
23 p tris iFor availability see N73 14131 05.07) Luclwik Lrs-ka 3nd Sixton Olsson In AGARD Effects of
Cibservatroirs of travelirng ionospheric disturbances were Atmosphe'.c Acoastic Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave
ob.ained by way of a new technique which -r described in detail Piopag•,on Oct 1972 11 p 0,e JFor availability see
namely imevsurernent of angle o! arrival and amplitude varratiors N73 ;4131 05.071
of radio waves which plopagltted through the ionosphere from Preliminary results of detection of al rrospheic waves
localized regio.ns of enhanccd emission on the solar disk The produced by focussing tf shockl generated by supersonic aircraft
observations reported here show good evidence of TID wave ere presented The flight trelectrirres were chosen so that ltIe
irains consisting uf 15 to 18 wave cycles The angular deflectrons
of the solar line of sight at 5t 7 MHz were measured to be
beiween plu, or rinrlus 6 to plus or minus 20 mrunes of arc
acoustic gravity waves followrnt the shock front were focr;ursed
on the ground after reflection from the stratosphere or in the
E layer Infra acoustic waves were detected on the ground using
4
from which electron number density perturbatlons are calculated a 2 Hz infra )coustIc correlator At the E layer the waves were
to be of the order of I to 2 perLenl The observed variations in delec!ed using a modified vertical sounding technirque Restills
amplitude corresporndrrg to the larger angle of arrival sc nt ilalron, obtained during 11 test frights have shown that fl-e ray tracing
we•- ai-r.•i h rlIr thu Tlts, wire nirmar:ry nf ,wn iVpe, nine techn-qu- nay be successfully used for predicting vne propagation
with a er~rrod of approximately 6 n-rrites the other with a of atmospheric waves followi g shock fronts Author
period of 21 minutes The former travelled w-rh :he speed of
about 200 km lii ,erd a orresporeding . ave len-lh of iO km N73-14162 Northeastern Univ Boston Mass
The speed of tie latler ras lielieeir 800 arid 2000 kin fit and AN APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF COUPLING

.;
07 COMMUNICATIONS 139

BETWEEN ACOUSTIC-GRAVITY WAVES AND ELECTRO- THROUGH TRAVELLING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES

MAGNETIC WAVES G M Larfald. R 8 Jurgens. and J A Joselyn in AGARO
H A Reamer In AGARD E'locts of Atmospheric Acoustic Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic
.avilty Waves on Electfromagnetoc Wa';e Propagation Oct 1972 Wave Propagation Oct 1972 21 p refs (For availability see
12 p rots (For availability see N73-14131 05-07) N73-14131 05-07)
The development of theortlical models for plasma media (ARPA Order 1361)
whise parameters ere spatially variable, and the use of these HF pulses of submicrosecond duration, received at a rargc
models to study wave propagation in such media wrtn the aid of 1500km after a single ronospl.erc reflectroir from the F region
of high speed computers is reponed Some of these theoretical have been analyzed to study the effects imposed on the pulses
models can be used to study the first-order effects of a low by the propagation process The recorded pulses displAy a wide
frequeircv wave disturbance (eg an acoustic gravity wave a1 a variation in form One pulse characteristic is the pulse stretching
Irictron of -a Hertz) on a high frequency electromagnetic wave anrrtnutable to ionospheric dispersion Typically. for P 1 MHz
lat kilohertz or megahertz) propagating in the ionosphere The receiver, the recorded pulse Iles a duration of about 15 rnsec
formulation of the model and its adaptation to the problem of Frequently the recorded pulses also display structure due to
interust via perturbation theory are first lesctibed. followed by a polar'ation splitting and to the reception of time-shifted
tieneits outline of the way in which this theory can be used to wavevrisns from multiple reflection points imultipath) Some results
calculate the first order effetrs 'if ti , acoustic gravity wive on from the statistical analysis of a large nuinber of pulses include
Oer et•r-r',:,•g,,etic wave Some communication systems (I) Occurrence distwibutions of pulse lengths yield effective
.mnplicatpO.s of thisk theory are briefly discussed at the end of ionospheric drsper•l•ro rates (2) time series plots of pulse delay
the paper Author give the amplitude and period of changes in group path. (3l)
pulse characteristics lypical!v do not change much on a time
N73-1416Z Weapons Research Estabfishment. Salisbury scale of a few seconds but often change markedly in a few
(Australia) minutes, and (4) detail," unalysis of selected pulses shows that
the time shifts of mullpath components could ýre deried for
W0F RAY TRACING OF GRAV17Y WAVE PERTURBED tle s~r-ler cases Author
IONOSPHERIC PROFILES
P L George In AGARD Effects of ,tmospheric t.coustic Gravity
Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Oct 1972
17 p reos (For availabilty see N73 '413 1 05-07 N73-14166 Uppsala Ionospheric. Observatory iSweden)
The results of a cor..ruter simulation of the direction of TRAVELLING IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES INITIATED
arrival of short range ionospheric radio ray path,. in the presence BY LOW ALTITUDE NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
of a medium scale travillng ionospheric. disturbance (TID) are W Stoffregen In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic
reported The analytical representation of the TIP is based both Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Popaga'ion Oct 1972
ot actual observations of such disturbances rnd upon the theory 9 p refs (For availability see N73-14131 05-07)
of internal atmospheric gravity wa, as Computed results of the Ioosh~rir it•rhanres travelling with a maximum velocity
time deptnde-ice of direction of art-val and Dopplrr shift srch of approxvmatelv 630 m .a were recorded over the Scandinaviar
as would be observed at a ground based station, show good area after two large nuclear explosions The disturbances in tIre
qualitative agreement with observations The relationship between ionosphere were most pronounced in the F region as is evident
the computed direction of arrival variations and certain characteris- from the ionograms and rea' height profrlss When the first wave
tics of the TID model that produced them is examinud at a low arrived, a spontaneous incicase of the height Of the F2 layer
latitude srld at , high latitude location The accuracy %-fa simple was observed, followed by splitting of the F layer and a slower
goometuiI rcamdel that has been proposed for tilt correction of phase of recovery At the E level a sporadic E laver occurred
apparent direction of arrival is evaluated It is shown how the with some delay and the 0 region ionization increased during
uncertain results derived from use of this n'odcl may be two short periods with ? !jlay of about one hour with respect
substartially improved by taking into account the direction of to the disturbance in the F layer The time delay of the disturbences
taovelI veiocity and scale of the TID. these parameters being at different levels of the ionosphere can be c plained by the
derived by continuous obser'-ation at spaced stations Author resu;ts of ray tracing studies of the propagation of acoustic gravity
waves Author

N73-1414 Max-Planck Institul furr Aeronomie. Lrndau Uber

Northeim IWest Germany)
SOME EFFECTS SOM OF EFECT
OFN73-
ATMOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES 14187 irieNatro)nar d Fhijihrc, fdc; Telecn-m,-runiritisans
Mouineau.a.sy-las
(France)
OBSERVED ON A TRANSEQUATORIAL RADIO PATH I DSRANC EB GENERATED BY ACC•USJ-
OSPHERIC DISTURBANCES
IONOSPHERIC
J Roettger I'" AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustrc Gravity TIC-GRAVITY WAVES RESULTING FROM A 100 kt '"
Wa',res On r!ctromagnetic
lb asi Prooagaton Oct 1972 2000 nt NUCLEAR EXPLOSION UN THE GROUNO.
7 p rfs '.For availabilty see N13-14131 05-07) OBSERVED AT POINTS LOCATED BETWEEN 160 AND 1000
The inftence of ý.t-rosphenc gravity waves on the pOint-to- km FROM THE FIRING .ITE
pOirt propartat+On of HF radio wzves in the ionosphere is P M Halley In AGARD Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic Gravity
inveo'i•aled for two cases The gray ly waves are prgpaga.rng Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagetion Oct 1972 2 p
in diirctln of the great c..cle between two points and the [For avartability see N73 14131 05-07l
gravity waves are propagatng transv-rse to the great circle During French nuclear ei-vr,,reri.es in Polynesia travelling
direction Measurements on a north-south directed transequltorial ionospherc disturbances were observed and their impact on high
HF radio path using fixed frequency CW transmitters show frequency band propagation was irvesligated Various recordings
periodical :,lld strength variations during nighttime hours which ot Doppler eflec frequency shifts and of vertical or oblique
preopatng am to h•ecausev by fowvussor~ duea to iorlh south soundings are interpreted as exhibrtng mainly two disturbance
ptopagati•g o~mospheric gravity wives Ray tracing calculations components il) A rap-i component which is a thermospheric
prove that periodical focussing can occur when ionospheric wave whose instantaneous ,peed is approrimately 720 m: a at
profiles perturbef by atmospheric g'-vty waves are employed a horizontal distance of 290 km and then diminishes as the
A power density t nalysis of the recorded held strength pertans distance nreasses This oscilation wive may appear at a very
is carried out in ,,a'ier to obtain indications Piboul the main great distance, where
Tis i
velocity loways exceeds 400 m.s

lading peravei rba

Variagons in phopr gt:cch;d c amo azingu•o arwelt i2l A row component which could be a ground wave ur a guiKed
incthetraving
east lorperc dotho wave whose velocity is aboul constant and of the order of
east in the eqa~tonal cone Author 305 m s This wav(y rises -up to ionospheric alhtruOea where it
La-..mes supermirosed on the thermospheric nave The impact
N73 •41B5 National Oco'anic and Atmospheric Administration. of such a disturbance on oblique propagation and the resulting
Boulder. Colo Space Envinmeni Lab impairment of telecommunication Possibilrties are discussed
PROPAGATSUN OF SUBMICROSIECOND HF PULSES Author
 140 Ct MM UNn~IC.arATIONS
07 O

Albern W Biggs. ed iKansas Univ. Lawrenica' Apr 1973

t73-14160 Per," Univ (France) Lab do Physique do 'Exoaphore 26ptoch GatElectNorwagneticZ
Preraurig. S-.S ¶172gai
MONUNEA11 PROPAGATION AND IONOSPHERIC BY COU- NCra.182 11 r 720
PUINO OF ATMOSPHERIC WAVES GENERATED A PaneATecPh 107)wngAvaudaNT
AADC10)AalNI HC 45
NUCLEAR EXPLOSION
P Broche lCentre Univ de Toulon) In AGARO Effecets ofmuiarnsyem aestddCnidedaefetf
Almosphers; Acoustic Gravity Wa-es on Electromagnetic Wave amoghicain asyrtemn aidrauinfal Considradi trean ffecsbr of
Propragatior Oct 1972 13 p refs In FRENCH. ENC(fISH ind-ividulititlc aseet-)N73-61 tranlloug Nado3tanmisionFo
idvda ils e 7-62 hog 7 64
sutnmerv iFor availability see N73-14131 05 07)
The cisturbance generated in the ionosphere by a ni~clear
N73-26122 Washington Univ. Saattle Ocot Of Electrical
esjilosion was observed at several points, using the method which Engineering
consieta in measuring the Dioppler effect on a HF redo*
transmistion Two aspects of the results are stressed I1) The MUTPESCATTERING EFFECTS ON WAVE PROPAGA-
limes del iy in the occurrence of the disturbance Shows thaI its TION THROUGH RAIN
propagation between the ground and the ionosphere is nonlinear Akira Ishamaru and James C Lin In AGARO Telecommun
Aspects on Freg Between 10 an,! 100 6Hz Apr 1973 13 p
andl males it possible to define a numerical model to describe
it. and (8. the time spectrum confirms the considerable influence rofs (For availability see N73 26121 17 07)
Of the gloomagnetic field on the coupling betweer the motions The multiple scatte-ing effects of a wave propagatiny through
of neutral particles and those of ionized particles Author rain are studied in particular the variances of the in phase and
Quadratuie components of the wave fluctuation are presented
P473-14169 Stanford Resezrch Inst Menlo Park. Calif taking into account the beam width of the tranrýilfrter arid receiver
*NUCLEAR WEAPON EfFECTS ON THE IONOSPHERE and the scattering and absorp~t~or charar:teristrcs of a !ingle
(F-REGI'3P4 DISTURSANCEEG' particle Expressions for the temporal firlýuency spe'!tra of thie
J S Loýrax and I) L Nielson In, AGARO Effects of Atmospheric in phase and r.-uadraluie cormf.onents are fo~rmulated taking into
Acoustic Gravity 'Naves on Electroma~gnetic Wave Propagation- account the termi.:4l velocities ot the rain drops Author
Oct 19-2 12 13 rel tFof availability see N73- 1413 1 05-0')
fContrac, DA-36-039-SC-87t97i N73-261 23 Polrtecnicop di Milano (Italy) Inst di Elettotecnrica
The detonation of a nuclear burst at ionospheric heights ad Eletironica
-&ujses a multiplicity of effects in the ionosphere and therefore DEPOLARIZATION OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
on -.IF communications Sequences of coailour maps of critical TAE I HOG TAIID ARSLO
froque iut- are presente i in a 16-mm %ound,color movie. showing NONSPHERICAI. SCAIfTERING
the vsmtriatoi' of the F layer maximum electron density as a C Capsoni and A Paraboni In its Telecommun Aspcts on
functt n of time and space fo;;owirig high altitude nuclear tests r Bten1ad10GzAp193 6prfslo
The mvagneticeqaorpand 35e degioe0dot and
rt t frohnto
Sofom availability see N73-26121 17-07)
35 dogst atnd i
the m&nti heqpruator~andec estt. fggromonstof Propagation through an aercsol of non spherical scatters
isin- "atTe ~uatlld.6tt.cprcari'nofhaving transveise stationary statistic
qvinctoasrifdhmgnou
lrarir~j tb
iszot..itir
ioano-hirc waves radially outward trom the point of detonationmaigUeoth
wves s aso iscue~dandmedium
The heoy ofhydodyamicl with suitable electric characterisics Relationships
illus rated in the film, and the observed characteistiflcs Of between the degree of depolarization foi linciariy and circularly
ioescs~heric, waves are presented Author polarized waves. the differential propagation and the physical

parameters of the medium are determined Author

111473-14170 Stanford Research Inst. Menlo Park. Calif
TH: EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR -BURST-PRODUCED ACOUS-
TIC GRAVITY WAVES ON HF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS N73-26124 Fenglor (C)I. Hamburg (West Germany)
D L Nielso in AGARO Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic THE PHASE OF A PLANE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
Gri vity Waves on Eloc-tromagnetic Waev Propagation Oct 1972 TRANSMITTING WIDE SPREAD ATMOSPHERIC DISCON-
I!, po rel For availability tee N73-14131 05-07) TINVItIY
Acoustic gravity waves generated by high attitude nuclear C Fengler in ACARO Tltecommun Aspects on Freg Between
asx;losioos can momentarily affect the performance of HFP 10 and 100 GHz Apr 1973 8 p refs (For availability see
*co.,nmunicatioris wo changes cin occur (1) the available N73-2612 1 17-07l
pr.joafgatian spctrum may at some point decrease such that For the estimation of muttipath progatron and piiase delay
tIN circuit is no longer operative at a given frequency. and (2) effects the fundamental processes of refiaction and reflection at
INthtime-delay rind frequency distortions may inciressm the wide-spread atmospheric discontinuities are treated with the aid
likelihood of erro in a digital system All sifectsi are subtract to of an asymmetrical and a symmetiical Epstein profile The -

*thr relative orientation of the path, thit source and the reflection against an asymmetrical profile as well as the transition
*geomagnetic fietd as wael!as the state of the ionosphere along through a non-ionized and an ionized layer of symmetrical profile
tho path Author are considered In particular the phase of the correspornding index
of reflection and transmission is evaluated -n point of view of

frequencies from tO to 100 G Hz and the dimensions of

P473-23100# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and atmospheric inhornsrgene.ties The treatmeint shows that at the
tlevlopnen.
l~ovlopent
Frace)can
Psis
Pais
~race)mentioned propagal-on processes the phase of the incident wave
vary remarkably. it shows herew~ith a sensitive dependence
0 Ainani, Mar193
ADVNE SI7pGN f on the fluctuating paeameters of the atmospheric structuie

iAGARD-AR-531 Avail NTIS HC $1000 Ato

The techniques of radarme design are summarized anda N73-26126 Hamtruig Uni' (West Germany)
model fo# radome spcifications is presented The subjects
discussed are (1) environmental design. Q2) electrical design PHASE MEASUREMENTS 'WAITHMICROWAVES NEAR THE
and (3) materials for radome design Graphs are developed to SEA SURFACE
shtow rdol4n characteristics under various conditions Mathemati- H W Fruechtenrcht Ini A-3ARD Telecomrrun Aspects on Frog
cal models are developed to support the theoretical considera Between t0 and 100 GHz A- 0973 9 p relsy For
lions Aullho! availability see N73-2612 1 1 7-07)
Mriov-61 Z~~i se a strSii Ie
v. ..... - ma j,- A-
treated by ray tracing Thre resultant phase of the inteir,:n-ie
field, whicii is set up in front of the transmitter depends on the
N473-26121# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and oefraciivitV N sub 1 on a frixed but arbitrary reference level and
Developiment Parirs (France) 'si, the thickness Of the marrlrme evaporation duct between the
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASPECTS ON FREQUENCIES ph.jse and N sub t there exists a I-near relationship As a fuiction
BETWEFEN 10 AND 100 GHt
 07 COMMUNICATIONS paerva d~huy~UK

N73-261260 Iflatitutio for Tolecommunictoon Sciences. Coulier refs (For availabulity see N73-20121 17.07)

Colo Offce of Telecommuriscations w hoiotl iner-of-sight links have been insitellead at 11 7I

ATTENUATION AND PHASE DISPERSION IN4 THE AT- and 36 GHt in cooperation with meteorological Station A balloon
MOSPHERE DUE TO THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM OF Wlorts measurements to be (node in the tow atmosphere. The
OXYGENg*Ias are emitted at the lop of a tower, reiflected back at the
H isebe and W M Wetch In AGARD Telecommun Aspects 'OP of another building, and received at the location of the
on Freqt Betwreen 10 and 100 GHz Aor 1973 18 p refs ermnmer To avoid a coupling between the emitting and receiving
Sponsored in part by NASA and N0AA (For avail ability see entelnras. the frequency of the emitied waves is modulated by
N73-26121 17 07) an amount equil to ihe intermediate frequency at a frequency
Rad" wave propagation in the 40 to 1406GHz bend through determined by the length of the microwave path An analog-to-
the earths atmosphere is strongly influeniced by the bethavi~,orf digital coniversion allows the data to be coniputerized the results
the 02 microwave spectrum This behavior causes the transfer at 112and 36 GHz are autOcor-olated. cross-correlatled with each
function to depend critically upon altitude The spectirocisollc other. and cross-correlated With the meteorological parametesh
prpriso 7are discussed and reduced to engineering The correlation matrix a used to compute the meana*quare
prormlsexrt essn
of nato and phs2ipfnrtsi regression of the propagation rieaet-,iir..ts on the meteorological
terms of frequency and meteorological parameters The theoory itseeri-rements Author
as supporled on several accounts by reliable spectroucopic
measurements Pressure scanning Spectroscopy is used to N73-26131 Mitre Corp ,Bedford. Mass
investigate tlle 02 microwave spectrum under simulvou PROPAGATION OF 1S.6 -31.2 GHz ANt) 45 -10 014z
atmospheric conditions The app!'cation of Spectroscopic inarms- C(.HE RENT SIGNAL PAIRS
tion to analytical" treatments of transfer properties foi in- John F Su-llivan and Harold M Richard-on Ini AGARO
homogeneous slant path& is demonstrated Attenuation and phase Telecommun Aspects on Freq Between t0 and 100 GHz Apr
dispersion between 49 and 72 6Hz are evaluated for zenith 1973 11 p refs [For availability see N73-26121 17-07)
and tangential ptiths Author Two pairs of coherent signals have been transmitted through
the atmosphere over a 23 1 kmnpath well clear of terrain features
Bel TeephneolmelN JThe
M73-612 oboInc lower pair of :ignala spanned 1S 6 G)-Hrand the upper poir
Sel Teephoe
N73-612 Lbs Ic Hlmde NJspanned 45 6Hz of the millimeter spectrum There is no reeaow.
DEPOLARIZATION OF MICROWAVES IN TRANSMISSIONx to believe that the entire band from 15 to 90 6Hz could not
THROUGH RAIN Useipanred. cohGenerrl- 3.!hap'0P!!2e iErafi~ltj%
HOOwver the
D C Hogg In AGARO Tetecommun Aspects or. Freq Between entire band is not completely useful because of strong absorption
10 and 100 6Ht Apr 1973 5 p rets (For availability see near the oxygen absorption iines ini the region of 60 GHz anid
N)3-2121 7071strong temporal and specially dependent attenuation in the
Relstioniships are gtiven for depolarization of linesarly and presence of precipitation along the path It is shown that
rercularly polarized microwaves piopagating through rar, atmospheric structure imposes commonly minor modulation on
*Computations using a simple model lor the rein medium snow mm wave propagation over a limited bandwidth from near zero
&that depolarization is more significant for circular than for linear to a few Hz. this modulation increases, with carrier IreqijencyV.
-olarization A uthor path length. and intensity of turbulenlce which in turn varies
widely from time to time Within the limits of the available
data, it is concluded that the th-eory of wave propaigation
*N73-2012S Bell Telephone Labs. Inic. Holmdel. N J perturbation by turbulent media is valid Author
INTRODUCTION TO SESSION 2
0 C Hogg In AGARD Telecoirmun Aspects on Freq Between N73-26132 Technical Univ of Denmiark, Lyngby Lab of
10 and 100 6Hz Apr IE73 2 p refs (For a~ailability see Electromagnetic Theory
N73-2!%121 17-071 IPOE AAFRPOAAINAAYI
The following measurements tire required in )ngtneering radio IMROVEr D DATnseFORA TIeOmmN ANApYctSonre
PAARD
communicaition bystems itl Attenuation as a function of pain BGtwgentO M esend Int, 6HzR Aprc 1973u 4 p ct nrat lor
length and rime precipitation. atmoýDheric gases. spatial variationsBewn10ad 0i z Ap 197 4p to (r
in refractivaty. environment. (1) Bandwidth capability delays availability see N73-26121 17-07)
in the planning for a new terrestrial p.opagation experiment
*within a band cause by the environment, scattering by precipita- it is found that the complex transfer function vs frequency should

lion, spatial variation in rfrfact-. ity. 13) Depolerizaiion by the be measured in a 1.5 GHz wide frequency range This transfer
environment. precipitation, anti-inas. t4) Interference caused by function would give the most accurate and usable results sinceI
refractivity variations. scatterinig by precipitation, poor antenna it is not directed towards any Particular modulation scheme
quality-y environment, end (5) Phase variations refractivity changes. Since it is not possible to construct a system for mess-Jring the
precipitation Author transfer function, a differeitial gain differential phase measure-
menit system is used The necessary set of formulas to calculate
from the mneasurement data the FIF phase curve devislicniri from
11173-26129 Fondazione Ugo Sordoni Rome l~talyl a straight line is estabilished The formulas are lteted by numerical
CRITERIA AND EXPECTED ACCURACY OF THe. MEASURE- simulations and it is found possible to deter-nine the AIFphase
MENTS ENVISAGED IN THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME curve with an accuracy of 1% relative to the peek peak ileviatioris
UNDER WAY IN ITALY Bewe 0of the phase curve Author
- Fedi In AGARO Teticommun Aspects of Freq Btent
and 100 GHz Apr 1973 23 p -of% (For availability see r473-26133 Federal German Post Office Darrmstedt West
N73-26121 17-O7l Gormsnyl Research Inst of the Telecommunication Engineering
The research program on the free Proosqation of electoromag Conter
nelic waves at frequencies higher than 10 GHz is our~inad The SOME OBISERVAtIONS Ofý SCATTERING FROM RAIN ON
arima and criteria governing the approach to the program are A 12 GHt TRANS-HORIZON LINK.
discussed and an account is givmn of the radroalactrical and N Abel Ir AGARD Telezommun Aspects on Ffict Betweeon
metsorological measurements to be made and the accuracy which 10 and 100 6Hi Apr 1973 13 p refs (For availability sea
may be expected. on the basis of the foreseeable causes of N73 261 21 t17071
error and the results of preliminary tests already performed A 12 6Hz experimental transhorizon link of 210 kmn length
Author was operatsd with an elevatted receiving antenna beam which
142 07 COMMUNICATIONS

intersected the transmitting antenna beam over approximately A short description is given of a plan to use field strength
the last quarter of the patl The possible scattering angles ranged recordings on one path for prediction of the performance of
around 4 degrees, the half power beam w.dth of both antennae anothbr path with somewhat different weather conditions based
was 1.8 degrees Rain scatter signals were obeerved via the on weather Jaot recorded simultaneously The influence of rain
main lobe of the receiving antennia without any signift.ant restraint. On the performance of communication links at frequencies in
whereas the permanent, but narrow angle turbulence scatter the range 10 - 18 GHz is considered Author
s.gnals were received vi tide lobes and therefore. reduced to
valuel most barely Above threshold With the aid of fading N73-26138 Centre National d'Etudes ass Telecommunications.
character and of weather observations. a atatistical distribution Isey-lea-Moulineaux (France)
of rain scatter tranarinsi.n loss was isolated from the data EXPERIMENTAL METHOD OF MEASURING PROPAGATION
During the atrongest rain scatter events, the transmission los ATTENUATIOf" OF RAIN [METHODE EXPERIMENTALE DE
was up to 20 db lower then the average loss for turbulence MkSiURE DE L'AFFAIBLISSEMENT DE PROPAGATION OU
scatter in this particular configuration. Transmission loss values A LA PLUIEJ
estiemted on the basis of rain gauge data seem to be consistent P Miame. L Boithias. and J Battesti In AGARD Telecommun
with the measured ones AuthOr Aspects on Freq Between 10 and 100 GHz Apr 1973 6 p
rot In FRENCH (For availability see N73-26121 17-071
N73-26134 Norwegian Defence Research Eatablishment. After having given a tieorchical definition cf equivalent
Kteller preci•itation intensity, it is pointed out how this quantity mar
THE INFLUENCE OF PRECIPITATION AND MULTIPATH be ca:culated experimentally with the help of propagation results
FADING ON FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 10 AN) IS Gill The value of a reduction coefficient, function of the length of a
Odd Gutsoberg (Norwegian Telecommun Admin RAe. Eatab.. connection and percentage of trine are described Consequently
Kjellerl and Anion G Klelaea In AGARD Telecommun Aspects with the help of experimental results. a method is developed
on Freq. Betwen 10 and 100 GHz Apr 1973 7 p rats that permits calculation of absorption as a product of rain for a
(For eveilabilty see N73-26121 17.07) percentage of any time and for all frequencies less than frequencies
in the vicinity of 30 GHz and distances less than about 20
Taken the very short measuring time into consideration, the kdometers Author
measured attenuatron due to rain fits very well the values obtained
from rainfall rate in one point applying the reduction coefficient
given by Battesti at al Multlipath fading due to atmospheric N73-26139 Communications Research Centre. Ottawa (On-
stratification (duct) has been observed usually dur iq night with tario)
nocturnal radiation The fading depths ohserved jue to multi AMPLITUDE FADING OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
path are about 1/3 in db of those caused by rain Author SIGNALS AT SHF
K S McCormick. R L Olsen and L A Maynard In rGARD
Telecommun Aspects on Freq Between 10 and 100 GrIz Apr
rQuet,ec
N73-2M136logy McGill Uov Montreal of 1973 8 p refs (For availability see N73-26121 17-07)
Met TArolSA T For SHF sate!!,e comr-"n.5ce,ons systems desgned to operate
AAIN ATTENUATION STATISTICS FOR FREQUENCIES at elevation angles less than several degrees. allowance must
ABOVE 10 GH& FROM RAINGAUGE RECORDS be male for fluctuations in the signal leve! caused by variations
G Orufuca /I AGARD Telecommun Aspects on Freq Between in the refractive structure of the troposphere As pan of a program
10 and 100 GHz Apr 1973 15 p refs (For availability e to investigate these effects the signals fr1m satellite beacons
N73-26121 17-07) at 73 GHz have been monitored during se.ar period* over
Tipping bucket raingauge records have been used to generate the lost five years The results show that in the summer months.
statistics of rain attenuation at 1t 2 GHz for a S-mile microwave the fading is greater than 10 db for 0 1% of the time at elevation
link Tie knowledgs of storm veloci:t measured by weather radar angles below three degrees, while, for the winter months, fades
i used to transform records into profiles of rainfall rate vergus
distance These profiles are then properly integrated over a 5-mile greater than 6 db occur undo. the same conditions A imited
serise, (d observations at resolute (latitude 75• N) show that in •
length obtaining simulated attenuation values These are then the Arctic the fada g in thesoummer is similar to thatwhich
compiled as probability curves A comparison between the actual ohcurcin Ottawa in the winter Authorich
Stalit,ics of the link and the simulated statistics shows good o rn t
agreement Author N73-26140 Radio and Space Research Station. Slough

(England)
N73-26136 Radio and Space Research Station. Slough SLANT PATH AT-TENUA'iION AT FREQUENCIES ABOVE
(England) 10 OH2
THE INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL ON LINE-OF-SIGHT P G Davies In AGARD Telecommun Aspects on Fraq Between
PROPAGATION AT 110 GHz IN SE ENGLAND 10 and 100 GHz Apr 1973 11 p refs (cor availability see.
D T Uewellyn.Jones and A M Zavody In AGARD Telecommun N73-26121 17-07)
Aspects on Freq Between 10 and 100 GHz Apr 1973 6 p Results obtained from solar tracking radiometer measurements
refs (For availability see N73-26121 17-07) made at 19 GHz and it 37 GHz have been studied to give
In the case of millimeter wave propagation through the data on attenuation (primarily caused by rain) on paths through
atmosphere the problem exists of predicting link reliability on the troposphere Such informatron is required in the planning
the basis of known rainfall data This requires knowledge of the and operation of microwave links to and from sateilites The
relationships between rainfall rate at one point and attenuation retults are presented in statistical form as cumulative distributions
observed over a given path length Various methods have been of the percentage of the observation time for which the attenuaticn
devised to provide more reformation on these problems it 0 exceeds variOus values Analysis of individual fades exceeding 5
frequency of 110 GHz This work involves the use of rain. and 10 db at botl 19 and 37 GHz has also been carried out
gauges and spatially separated propagation links Some results and the results are presented as histograms showing the number
are described and it is seen that frequencies as high as 1 10 GHt of fades as a function of fade duration Author
have poterntal practical applicationý over lineof sight paths of
the order of 3 km length Predichd reliabilities Icr some N73-28141 Texas Univ. Austin Electrical Engineering Research
applications can be coiriparable to those obtained at frequencies Lab
near 30 GHi Author STATISTICS ON EARTH SATELLITE AT'TENU',sTION AT U
TWO TEXAS LOCAtiONS -r
N73-26137 Technical Uriv of Denmark. Lyngby Lab of A W Straitor David N Pate and Bob M Fan,,in In AGARA
Electromagnetic Theory Telecomnun Aspects on Freq Between 10 arJ 100 GHz Ar.r
EXTRAPOLATION OF PROPAGATION DATA 1973 9 p rats iFOr availability see N73-26171 17-07)
P Guctmandsen In AGARO Telecommnun Aspects on Fieq Propagaton experiments rising the 15 3 HZ tOransmitter c.,
Between 10 and 100 GHt Apr 1973 2 p refs (For the ATS-5 satellhte as a signal source ate reported Signal siren;lt"
availabiliy see N73 26121 17-071

i r
07 COMMUNICATIONS 143

dail were recorded at two locations at Austin in central Texas modulation end related forms are examined The characteristics
for twenty months and at Mount Locke in tar west Texas for of the signal receive( with emphasis on signal detection and
live weeks The elevation angle in each case wae near 54 deg filtering are described The effect of the sampling theorem on
It is concluded that for high elevation angles severe attenuation the spectral cheracteristics of signals is analyzed The problemse
is almost always aaSCisted with thunderstorms Curves of of quenthation are outlined for discrete time and discrete amplitude
percentage of time versus path attenuation for an average year signals Author
are given for both siles The height of the top of the thunder-
storm cloud was found to be a fairly good single indicator of N73-32"j66 Manchester Univ IEngland) Dept of Electrical
thN intensity and duration of fades Author Engineering and Electronics
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS THEORY
6173-26142 Communications Research Centre. Ottawa (Ontario) Geoffrey F Gott In AGARD Spread Spectrum Commun Jul
Dept of Communications 1973 16 p refs (For availability see N73-32053 23-071
COMiARIMON OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT MEASURE The characteristics of digital communication systems and
MENI' OF PRECIPITATION ATTENUATION AT 16.3 0Hz
J I Sir :kland In A3ARD
8etween 10 and 100 GHz
Telecommun Aspects on Freq

avsilsbrllt'ý see N73-26121 17-07)

Apr 1973 8 p rets (For

The si•inal strength received at 153 GHz from the ATS-5

setellite we& measured using a 9 metre antenna The receiving
the processing of bandpass digital signals are discussed The
modulation arni detection of frequency shift keyed anr phase
shill keyed s., als are considered in binary and multilevel form
Emphasis is placed on radio frequency data transmission where
spread spectrui,. - :hnrques have application Methods of
I
providing protectior against the effects of signal fading due to
antenna is ilao connected as a total-power radiometer, providing multipath propagation are analyzed Elementary forward error
simultanerus measurements of the sky noise tempsrature at correcting codes of the type used in radio frequency channels
15 3 CHz with an antenna beamwidth of 0 15 degrees Attenua- are examined Author
tions. calculated from the measured sky temperatures show very
good agreement with the directly measured attenuations N73-32066 Signals Research and Development Establishment.
Author Christchurch (England)
INTRODUCTION TO SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES
N73 26143 Aerospace Corp. El Segundo. Calif Elhcronrcs R L Harris In AGARD Spread Spectrum Commun Jul 1973
Research Lab 21 p (For availability see N73 32053 23 07)
SPACE COM"IUNICATIONS SYSTEMS CONSIDERATIONS The basic principles and operation of a spread spectrum
AT 94 OWe communication system are discussed Spe:trum spreading by
H J Wintroub and L A Hoffman In AGARO Telecommun means of direct modulation is considered in detail and compared
Asects on Freq Between 10 and 100 GHz Apr 1973 17 p with an alternative method using frequency hopping A key feature
reaf (For availability see N73-26121 17-07) of any spread spectrum system is the pseudo random sequence
The effects of atmospheric physical phenomena in determining and the basic properties and generation of such sequences are
satellite-ground radio link performance are considered Experimeri- discussed Finally the performance of a typical satellite communica-
tel data are presented as a basis for the determination of link iron system using spread spectrum as a multiple access method
margins and tradeoffs between communication capacity and is calculated Author
outage because of rain-induced attenuation or high atmospheric
turbulence State-of-the-art and predicted performance of future N73-32067 Communications Research Centre. Ottawa (On-
t 7i en a
millimeter wavr :omponents are considered in formulating the
spacecraft and ground terminal systems Included are a beom PERFORMANCE AND SYNCHRONIZATION CONS)DEXA-
swinging experiment using a precision controlled 4 57 m antenna
TIONS
to obtain data on wavefront tilt ftuctuavrons time histories of N G Davies In AGARD Spread Spectrum Commun Jul
amplitude scintillation for 0 15-. 061-. and 4 57-m apertures. 1973 24 p refs (Fo, avaiabilty see N73 32053 23-07)
and ~i~trtical
data on water vapor attenuation Author The performance of spread spectrum systems in the presence
of various forms of channel noise is analyzed The synchronization
aspects of spread spectrum systems are examined The subjects
N73.32063# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and discussed are 11) acquisition Lv search in the time and frequency
Development. Paris (Fiance) drmains. 12) the use of preambles and special sequences for
SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS synchronization and (3) the establishment of synchroni•z•tion
Jut 1973 196 p •oft detect:on and track:ing c!t!er Author
(AGARD-LS-581 Avail NTIS HC 51200
The theory. implementation and application of state-of-the N73-32058 Magnavox Research Labs Torrance Calif
ert spread spectrum techniques to advanced communication SPREAD SPECTRUM APPLICATIONS AND STATE OF THE
systems are discussed The fundamental and theoretical aspects ART EQUIPMENTS
of communication theory, digltaf communications theory. and Olarles R Cahn In AGARD Spread Spe'trum Commun Jul
spread spectrum comminications are reported The practica! 1973 111 p refs F(or availability see N73-32053 23-07)
aspects of spread spectrum tech.iijues. particularly the perfor The applications of spread spectrum communications to
mence and synchronization considerations, and several state-of- aviwnics systems are described The following tlo,)ics are discussed
th -art applications are described Pridictuons of future com- ti) multiple access capabilities (21 intederer~ce releciton. (3)
munication systems with spread spectrum methodology are identficaton characteristics and W distance measuring and
ncluded For individual litles, see N73-32054 through N73- positron location capabilities The characteristics and uses of
32058 current spread spectrum equipment are reported Recent
technology discoveries such as acoustic surface wave and charge
N73-32054 Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst . Troy. N Y Systems coupled devices are explained Author
Engineering Div
SOME FUNDAMENTAL NOTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
T6HEORIY
Lester A Geihardt In AGARt' Spread Spectrum Commun N74-1196,4 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Jul 1973 24 p reas (For availability see N73-32053 23-07) Development Paris (Francel
The basic concepts Of communications theory to include DETERMINATION AND USE OF RADAR SCATTERING
the transmission of continuous signals and the use of discrete CHARACTERISTICS
time •ignals are presented A numerical analysis of communication Sep 1973 171 p refs Cont held at Bolkesloe. Norway.
signals. the spectral characteristics of the signals and a 11 12 Oct 1973 London 15 16 Oct 1973 The Hague
probabilistic description of the signals are developed The basic 18 19 Oct 1973
types of modulation, to include amplitude, pulse, and angle iAGARD.LS-59. Avail NTIS HC S10 75
144 07 COMMUNICATIONS

Radar echoes and radar cross sections are reviewed for ments for instrumentation and techniques used for such
different claaes of targets main parameters affecting backscatter measurements Primary emphas - is given to aIlrcrl. targets
signal are analyzed 4ar individual titles. see N74- 11955 throultf, although most of the discussion applies to see or lansd based
N74-1 1967. targets as well Block diagrams of practical systems for metsuring
amplitude and angular scintillation are presented and d0.cassed
N74-1 1956 EMI Electronics Ltd. Wells (England) Typical output data art related to the primary user require-
INTRODUCTORY LECTURE: TARGET SCATTERING ments Author
CHARACTERICTICS OF IMPORTANCE TO RADARS
L R Cram :n AGARD Determination and Use of Radar Scattering N74-11959 EMI Electronics Lid. Wells (England)
Characteristics Sep 1973 4 p (For availability see N74-11954 MODELLING METHODS OF DETERMINING RADAR ECHO
03-07) CHARACTERISTICS
Scattering characteristics of interest include the Doppler 1. A Cram /rAGARD Daterminatior. and Use of Radar Scattering
content, the range noise and the angular glint as well as the Characteirstics Sap 1973 7 1 (For availability see N74-1 1954
radar cross section (RCS}. or radar echoing area (REA) A definition 03.07)
is given of these parameters (RCS or REA) and the physic..i Optical modelling is now rarely used but ultrasonic modelling
reasons for vareat;ons around a target are discussed Both is far more effectivis A well instrumented facility for ultrasonic
amplitude and rate of change significantly if'.ct radar Derfoim. modelling is described which operates in water with wavylength
ance Reciprocally. the value of the radar echoing area can scaling from 1/' 10 to ,"40 Speedy operation and good range
itself be affccted by the r3dar pararnoters ..uch as modulation discrimination are particularly advantageous Radio scale r-,ndetling
tri;e. frequency and polarization Tarp'r gi.,t will affect the nas additional advantages and a radio scale modelling facility
Z curacy of directional information provided by the radar The incorporating five different measuring equipments is Jescibed
rates of change and frequencies of change of glint are also Mutual interference is avoided by range gating the radars Scaling
importa.-i Radar parameters and the gint data interact with is f.om t,'I to I i 100 and many different radars operate from
each other in that polarization Characteristics of the radar steiet 1 Hz to 100 GHz Targets of metal coated wood are suspended
the glint and its frequencies while the signili(ance of glint by nylon strings Two general purpose equipments permit
frequen-ies depends on radar servo rates. etc Targets which flexible choice of radar system. aerial type. wavelength and
are of interest include land. sea and airborne vehicles Sea and polarization Other systems are specialized for investigating the
land reflections represent either clutter or targets in their own end course of a missile radar. the reflections from sea waves
right Birds represent hazards to aircraft so their radar scattering and the effects of tar•et glint on radar aiming errors A radar
is also of intrtt Author system assessmxnt team with computers completes the radio
modellinig facility Author
N74-11966 Ohio State Univ Columbus ElectioScience
COMPUTATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION LabOF N74-11960 EMI Electronics Lid . Wells (Englandl
ACS TARGET CHARACTERISTICS
Edward M Kennaugh In AGARD Determination and Use of S C Woolcock In AGARO Deteimination and Use of Radar
Radar Scattering Characteristics Sep 191/3 S- p re's lIFor Scatier-i• Cnariacterstits Sep 1973 ;8 p ufs iFci ava,ilabilit
availability see N74- 11954 03-07) see N74- 11954 03-07)
Improvements in computational iechniques for calculation A knowledge of the radar scattering properties of complex
of R.CS now permit wider ranges of obitcts to be analyzed The targets is a necessary iequriqment for the detailed study of modern
lecturo reviews the state of the art at presqnt, with z description radar systems The use of computers for such studies requires
of two basic approarhes The point matc!,,ng Or w.-e grid model that these properties shall Le described in compact form By
utilizes a matrix description of a three dime:nsional shape and making radar measurements of high quality scaled models ,
proceeds to calculate RCS through solution of a large order better understanding of target riflectivity is being a'•"i _.u The
System of linear equations The asymptotic or quasi optical solution dependence of the received t;ignal on the '.equency and
identifies key contributions to RCS which may be given simple polarization of the incident field ai well as on ie characteristics
mathematical description and summed auti matically. with proper of the radar syslem is described Reflections irom simple shapes
account of phasing as a function of attitude The ;imitations are discussed to show how !he ra-o, -ross section can be
and virtues of each method are described, and the possibility of computed by geometric optics. physical Optics and by consideration
combining both computational methods is explored Illustrative of travelling wave echoes The sources of radar reflection for an
examples are presented. ant the importance of this tool as an aircraft and for a missile shape are next discuSsed These were
adjunct to experimental RCS studies is discussed Author determined by measurement There follows an introduction to

I
the roncept of anquilar glint Glint properties of a complex target
N74-1 1957 Test Group (6585th). Holloman AFB. N Maex Radar are described and associated with the perturbations on phase
Target Scatter Facility fronts Features of glint ate hightighted, in particular the wander
STATIC PULL SCALE MEASUREMENTS OF RCS of the mean glint centre with the target outline Finally an example
Carroll R Griffin. Jr In AGARD Determrn.,tion and Use of is shown of Doppler apectre obtained from an aircraft Spectral
Radar Scattering Characteristics Sep 1973 11 p ,Fir availability lines associated with moving parts are usually present In this

I
see N74.11954 03-07) instance several frequency components have arisen which can
A number of techniquus for the mersurenent of radar cross be associated with the rotating turbines of engines Author
section are discussed and compared A descrip.tion of the theory
of operations of a ground plane range is provided Some N74-11961 Royal Radar Establishment. Malvern 'Ennland)
considerations for use and some of the advantages of the ground RADAR ECHOING AREAS OF FLYING ANIMALS
pl-ne method result from the throry A description of the E W Houston In AGARD Determination ;.id Use of Radar
equipment and methods for obtaining RCS data is followed by Scattering Characteristics Sep 1973 11 p iefs (For availability
a description of special measurement systems available Finally. see N74-11954 03-07)
a brief description of the functional orgaiztation required in the The echo signal from a flying animal cons sits of at least
operation of an RCS measurement site is provIded Author twO components an dverage Or moan compuient and an
amplitude modilated component The mean component is
N74-11968 Air Force Avionics Lab . Wright-Patterson AFB. proportional to the slow var.atlons in echoing area. resulting
Ohio Observables Group from long term variations of the animal's aspect as it flies past
DYNAMIC FULL SCALE MEASUREMENT GF ACS the radar The modulation component follows the rapid vaiations
William F Bahret /In AGARD Determination and Use of Radar generated by wing flapping or by transient fluctuations in ec'hoing
Scattering Characteristics Sep 1973 16 p refs (For availability area produced, for example hy head movements The periodic
see N74.11954 03-071 wingbeat modulation of the echo Signal from even a small bird
"Trade iffs and technical consrcerations in dynamic measure- is distinctive and makes it easy to separate this form of t.irget
ments of radar cross section are discussed to establish require out from echoes By seleot,-'. measurements on flying animals

-I
07 COMMUNICATIONS 145

under laboratory conditions the task of soecifying radar echoing use (I) Statistical summaries such as cutulativn probebility.
ures can be reduced when ithse stoto. cross *@",on.* ap
spectral disinbution. autocorreleticn function or mean value and
compared with dynamic echoing aeaist measured on animals in standard deviation. Q1) look-up table (no data reduction) ug
flight Author computer storage data or. echo charactenstics of tergits: and
13) multiple source mathematical models that represent a target
N74-11942 Royal Radar Establishment. Mahvem rEngind) by a number of elementary sources, each of defined strength.
RADAR SrEA CLUTTER polar diagram and position A radar analysis example is given
Geoffrey Bishop In AGARD Determination Wod Use of Radar where a simple computer program determines the perfo mince
Scattering Otarsctenstics S•p. 1973 21 p (For availlatnity, " of a sequential lobing radar in locating a shell who" polar
N74-11954 03-07) echo characoienstrca aet fed directly from a recording of the
Radar sea clutier studies have been made based on a serie radio range date Author
of trails, to which X-band non-coherent radar mealsurernerts have
been taken from a cliff too s•it in Cornwll. England. Horizontal. N74-11964 Air Force Avionics Lab. Wright-Patterson AFS.
vertical and -*rcular polarizations were transmitied usine pulse Ohio Obstarvables Group
lengths of 70 nanosec and 270 nanosec with an antenna THE USE OF RCS DATA
oremwidth of 06 Horizontal, vertical or both hands of circular William F Sshret I/• AGARD Deterinination and Use of Radar
polarization were received Amplitude distribution curves Show Scattering Charactenstics Sep. 1973 10 p refs (For availability
the affects of change in sea state. polar•zation and pulse length see N74-1 1954 03-07)
on the cross sectional echoing area characteristics of sea clutter Data requirements ana limitatiotis are emph, iazed that are
and moored buoy targets Cross polarization effects have been associated with systems analyslis involving radar cross selcl.wxi,
f.idi•ed Autocorrelation analyses nf the recorded radar returns rather than the mrchanics of anj actual analysis Treated
show clutter decorrelation times varyiny from 5 milliseconds to separately as increasingly sophisticae.ed levels of target cheracten-
several seconds Author zation are far zone. near zone. and rjlint data Typical appigactions
and practical requirements for these Applications are diteusaed
N74-11963 Forschung'institut fuer Funk und Malhemiaik. to define adequate methods for obtaining and presenting RCS
Werthoven (West Germanyl data The general theme is that applying RCS date is rather
THE USE OF TARGET AND CLUTTER DATA FOR DIF- straightforward provided that tru y pertinent and accvrste data
FERENT METHODS OF DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN are available in suitable form O0 the other hand. to settle for
TARGETS AND UNWANTED CLUTTER lese in the way of RCS data is to gamble an expensive system
Kad VonSchlachta In AGARD Determination and Use of Radar desogn to save the is _tiveiy small investmenr to, obtaining proper
Scattering Characteristics Sop 1973 21 p refs (For availability data Author
see N74-11954 03-07)
The signal processing procedures adopted in curveillance N74-11967 EMI Electronics Itd Wells ECnglandl
radars for discriminaling target and clutor are based on results STATE OF THE ART AND fUTURE PROSPECTS
of statisical ,Jeision theory The practical implementation is i A Cram ..AGARD Deler(i iri.lu,, aid ;R .: tadar S.att,;-*.:
discussed with reference to two groups of radar and the infleince Characteristics Sop 1973 " p (For availability see N74-1 1954
of target and clutter characteristics are pointed out A first group 03-07)
comprises the processing of incoherent video signals The The state of the art regarding radar scattering characteristics
examples ate the sequential detection device, the Scan to Scan and their acquisition and uze is summarized It is indicated how
MTI and procedures for feat switching between normal and MTI a choice may be made a nong the various methods for finding
video, signal A second group deals with the processing of coherent and for using radar cross section data to assess radar perform-
radar signals The Doppler information of moving targets is used ance Those are many rriethods of collecting radar date Each
for the discrimination between targets and unwanted clutter A has its different disadvantages but when the various methods
modern device applying the likelihood ratio test and using are used with care and within their limitations they give consistent
Doppler filters in the tom, domain is described Further inveastiga- and comparable results with one another Hence hearing in mind
tions are made for suppression of moving clutter by adaptive the appreciable costs t is important to choose an optimum use
filter ng Author of the various methcods This optimum will olten mean some
use of all of the techniques Each radar systems rivestigation
N74-11964 Test Group (6585th). Holloman AFtS. N Max Radsi must be examined tI, determine the particular optimum procedure
Target Sc.tter Facility for finding the echo date needed for that study Author
PRESENTATION AND STORACC OF RADAR CROSS-
SECTION DATA N74-13846i Adaosory Group for Aerospace Research and
Girroll R. Griffin. Jr !7, AGARD Determination and Use of Development. Parr'. iFrance)
Radar Scattering Characternstics Sep. 1973 24 p (For arvalability PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY SHARING
um N74-119S, 03-071 1 Ranzi. ad lIst Super P T Viale Trastevere) Sop 1973
The iota required to be taken in conjunction with the 307 p In ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH Presented at the
meaaurement of radar cross sections are dinided into two Specialists Meeting of the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
categories. that aaiocitaed writh *ýo target or-ontation o aspect Panel. Rome. 7- 1 May 1973
and that associated with the radar meseurement parameters. AGARD-CP 1271 Avail NTIS HC $17 50
records of the dait are available, both analog and digital. The influence the feasibility of frequency sharing among vaiicus

standardeztion of data format, and conventions for target telecommunication servces ate considered For individual titles
orwiations are important objectives which should be estab- see N74-13847 through N74 13871
lia~ed for the bereft" of users of RCS data AuthOr
N74-13847 Radio and 'pace Research Stalion.
Slough
M74-11966 EMI Electronics Lid, Wells (England) IEngland)
UN OF RADIO MODELLING DATA INTRODUCTORy SURVEY TO SESSION 1 PROPAGATION
S C Woocock In AGARD Determination and Use of Radar OVER IRREGULAR TERRAIN
Scattering Characeiensics Sep 1973 13 p reaf (For atvdabrlrty R W Meadows In AGARD Propagaton Effects of Ffeq Sharing
144 f74-11t9,4 0"3-07) Sep 1973 2 p iFor availability see N74- 13846 05071,
The U.K radio modelling facility has permitted the amaioeng A survey is presented on the general problom of predicting
of much date concerning reflecloons from a wide venety of radar wave propagation loss over -- regular terrain and the production
eoic ing ojtat many different frequencies and at all possible of unwanted high signal levels at a distance Mathematical
polarization configurations Thre data must be reduced by a predictions of teirain screening effects and feld strength for a
method which does not remove details of the scattennrig fignl giound path of a given profile are considered in suitable siting
to which the radar system ta saenstive Three methods are in selections for communication termirals GG

hi - amia
146t c " COMMUr' ICATIONS

Kingswood lEngland) might anise in the calculation of the ob ts~taceloss of gain for a
N74-13848 British Broadcasting Corp
THE PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES radio path when no account istaken of the obstacle Shapo and
OVER IRREGULAR TERRAIN the state of the atmospheric medium above its surface Author
A W King and H Page In AGARD Propagation Effects of
Freg Sharing Sep 1973 20 p refs Prepared in cooperation N74-13852 Research Inst of National Defence Stockholm
with Imp Coll of Sct and Technol (For availabi~ly see N74-13846 (Sweden)
05-071 VARIATIONS IN DIFFRACTION LOSS DUE TO TROPO-
A method is proposed for calculating the field strength of SPHERIC EFFECTS AT FREQUENCIES BETWEEN 180 MHz
radio frequency signals propagated over irregular terrain a typical AND 10 GHz IN HILLY TEORAIN
application is 4o estimate the diffraction loss in the shadow of Ake BlomQuist Folke Eklund. and Lennart Nilsson In AGARU
hills. or simitar obstacles, for terrestrial transmitters working on Propagation Effects of Freq Sharing Sep 1973 13 p refs
frequencies between 50 and 1000 MHz Approximations are (For availability see Pl74 13846 05-07)
made in the theoretical treatment in order to make the method The variations in time of the diffraction loss at the frequencies
sufficientlv simple to be used in the planning of practical 180. 2300 and 9350 MHz have been studied over a 30 km
systems The ground irregularities are regarded as approximating path ii' irregular terrain typical for central Sweden during a period
to one or other of a set of standard obstacles the extent of of about 3 years In 3ddition to these measurements short term
the local irregularity which determines the effectiva obstacle shape field strength recordings have been car,'-d out at 44 66. 88
is determined thus enabling irregular ground to be approximated and 1000 MHz The angular distan of the path was
to a series of the standardized obstacles The diffraction loss is 038 deg The diffraction loss over the .,Ith was normally quite
deducEd first for single obstacles and then for multiple obstacles constant at the frequencies studied The stable signal had4
the obstacles are assumed to be smooth, but the effect of however, a superimposed component of very small amplitude
roughness is discussed The theoretical results are compared with rapid fading probably due to turbulent scatter Mainly at
with measurements using small scale models and also with night during sumnier it occured that the screening effect %as
practical field surveys Author considerably reduced due to propagation disturbances caused
by layered tropospheric Structures Two different tyoes of signal
N74-11849 Centre fiational d Etudes des Teiecommunicatiors. can then be distinguished rapid amplitude variations of irregular
Issy-las.Moulineaux (France) character with a somewhat higher average level compared to
ROLE OF ATMOSPHERIC IUCTS IN THE PHENOMENA the stable signal mentioned dboae. and Father slow amplitude
OF INTERFERENCE OVER LARGE DISTANCES [ROLE DES variations with deep fading minima of regular charac.er and with
CONDUITS ATMOSPHERIQUES DANS LES PHENOMENES a much higher average level than the stable one Statistics of
DE BROUILLAGE A GRANDE DISTANCE! the variations in diffraction loss are presenti, and possible
P Misme In AGARD Propagation Effects of Ffeq Sharing propagation mechanisms causing the variations are discussed
Sep 1973 12 p refs In FRENCH fFor availability see N74-13846 Author
05-071
A theory was developed to serve as a guide to propagation N74-13083 Centro Rad-oelettrico Sper~mentale G Marconi
,rrerferen-e c"re hy 5iiflriAr rlrOev leakar e Rome (I1810t
coefficients, propagation curves ant the influence uo terrain and TROPOSPHERIC INFLUENCE ON THE SCREENING EFFECT
water co propagation Transl by F H W DUE TO A MOUNTAIN RIDGE. ON 3 GHS
I Ranzi and P Grorgi In AGARD Propagation Effects of Fr"g
N74-13850 Centre National d Eludes des Telecommunications. Sharing Sep 1973 3 p lFor availability see N74 13846 05-07i
Csaty-lls-Moullseau
iFecncea Douing one vear. measurements have been carried out of
1
EFFECT OF TERRA N SCREENING ON THE DIFFERENT the basic propagation loss at 304 GHz in a 56 2 km path.
MECHANISMS OF PROPAGATION IEFFET O'ECRAN OU comprising a mountain flat top of 933 M of height The annual
TERRAIN POUR LES DIFFERENTS MECANISMES CE median value of the basic propagatiorn loss resulted to be
PROPAGATION; 220 7 db the median loss due to obstacle was 83 7 db. that
L Borthias In AGARO Propagation Effects of Freq Sharing is more than 45 db higher than the loss due to a knife edge
Sep 1973 9 p refs In FRENCH (For availability see N74 13846 obstacle The statistical analysis of the received signal showed
05-071 the presence of a Rayleigh component and of a slow fading
The influence of various terrain screening techniquirs on component the monthly median value of the last component
propagation mechanisms is investgaied Data are mciuclued on was abort 10 db lower than the Ray'eigh component on January
dpfrraction by mndges 5pheiscal nethact,on tropospheric deffusiOn and 3 db lower on June As the monthly median signal amplitude
prOcipitat~on diffusion refraction and reflection Particular increased by about 14 db from January to June it ýeems that

attention was given to the role )layed by local relief a.- ,mo.a t ,.rn ,:;;t;on dc!;'cd !frOm 03::! rcflcctoc . from
relatively stable layers above the mountain top Author
Transl by F H W
N74 13854 Computer Sciences Corp . Falls Church Va
N7.-938511 Imperial Coil of Scieice and Technology, London PRECIPITATION MODELS FROM RADAR AND RAINFALL
itngland) DATA
RADIO WAVE DIFFRACTION DUE TO A MOUNTAIN OF Frederick J Altman /n AGARD Propaqation Effecls ot Freq
VOLCANIC ORIGIN Sharing Sep 1973 18 p refs tFor availability see N74 13846
W G Burrows and J 0 Ridler in AGARD Piýoagatron Effects OS 07)
of i:req Sharing Sep 1973 26.. p rels (For ,vailabilrty see To guide estimates of attenuation and scaitering of radio
N74-13846 05 07) waves a model for spatial distihutrons of reflecivity in storm
A simple modelling technique is employed to e.amnne the cells has been filted to d'giltzed radar dara The model assumes
field distribution in the shadow of a mountain obstacle which is ellipses for contours of constant enfiectivtly factor Z with
approximately conical in overall St-ape and typical of one of constant orientation and ecceni cit', within a horizontal cell cross
volcanic origin The experimental procedure includes measure section at a given time and evaluation The centers of the ellipses
ments of the field distributions in the shadows of a right circular are assumied uniformly sp?,ed on a straight tine with areas
cone representng the ideal mountain shape and a right circular linearly related to log Z etxcept for cell tops and bottonis and
cone whose surface contours are modified to give an approximate for splrtlltw the cr05. sections were similar at different freights
scale model representation of an actual mountain Dislrihutions especially for th- highest nilectiviies In an attempt to rel.Ie
are also obtained for the held intensities in the shadow reqio is yslectrvity aloft to surface rainfall similar radar data and hortly
ufIlose ubsl.les whet, ;h., a,; Liv'e; Zha;: ur.pc! r.a.ci:5 sppC ; rainfall rom JU stations witnrin a circular area about 200 knmir,
a temperature gradient which is sublecled to ihe additional radius were used to study precipitation distribution!s Z time and
influence of an air stream Results are given to indicate by space Both types of data were found to provide nirtnilar
comparison with those obtained for a simple knife edge distributions with useful correlations among several plrarxters
representing the mountain the magnitudes of the errors that Author
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 147

N74-13S55 Deutsche Bundersocia. Darmstadt (West Germany) measurements have been performed in a field where the free
MEASUREMENTS OF PRECIPITATION SCATTER AT space propagation conditions were approximated. as well as in
11.6 OHs the real initallation coniditionis In the two above mentioned
F Ointeilmann and F Rluescker In AGARO Propagation Effects situations. the smoothed envelopes of the radiation diagrams
of Fran Sharing Sep 1273 6 p refs (For availability see have boon obtaine~d for different types of antennas Same
N74- 13848 05 07) conclusive remerk~i are made concerning the rhartictenstic of
A bralat"ic rexprimental study of precipitation scatter at the terrestrial radio relay antennas to be considered in. the
I116 GHz is pioiposed that uses simultaneously steemable interference analyses Author
trarrn~tming and receiving antennas separated by a large area
This allows for scatter ottaervat-onia on rainshowers. crossinsg the N74-13860 Louvain Univ (Belgium)
rudit link and to determine Phesstructure and dynam~ics of rain SYNTHESIS OF APERTURE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR OP.
f~als GG TIMUM GAIN WITH NOISE AND INTERFERENCE REJEC-
k TION
N74-13S66 Office of Telecommunicationrs. Boulder. Colo M Satak and P Delogne In AGARD Propagation Effects of
ESTIMATING ATTENUATION. SCINTILLATION. AND Frera Sharing Sep 1973 12 p relts (For availeaility see
SCATTEPING DUE TO RAINFALL FOR SATELUTE: N74-13846 05-07)
GOftUND SYSTEMS Synthesis of the aperture distributions yielding the beat
H I Dougherty and E J Ourton In AGARO Propagatior. relectinn of noise or interfering sources located in a given region
Effects of Frec Sharing Sep 1973 13 p refs (For availability of the 'adiatron pattern is examined Previous methods are
rsee N74-13946 05-07) reviewed It is shown that they a.e not always optimum or
A state-of-the-art enginoaring model is described for require too much computer time, rir yield too complicated
estimating *he expected performance degradation of satellite-to distributions for practical purposes The proposed method permits
ground microwave systems because of atmospheric gases. clouds the optimization%of the gain-to -temperatuore ratio for an arbitrary
and rain The model acoirporates an allowance for the spatial distribution of noise and interfering spurces. it avoids superdirectiv-
~tructure of atmospha c geesesclouds and rain as well as local tly and even unnecessary sophistication of the distribution Results
rnd regional rainfall statistics The estimtats are in terms of are presented for linear and circular apertures wtIh symmetrical
attenuation and scintillation as well as the volume reflectivity distributions Author
which contributes to co-channel interference Composite predic-
tions are given for 15 GHz as representative of microwave signals N74-13861 Fondazione Ugo Sordoni. Rome Iltalyl
lot smal! percentages of an average year ITh.; prediction is a INTF.ODUCTORY SURVEY TO SESSION 4. PROPAGATION
function of location and the angle -of -arrival zr ground stations DATA FOR INTERFERENCE PROBABILITY DETERMINA-
on the central east coast of the U S A Author TIONS
F Feadi In AGARD Propagation Effects of Frect Sharing Sep
N74- 13.667 Technrsche Hogeschool. Eindhoven [Ne, srrlandsl 1973 5 p refs (For availability see N74-13846 05-07)
INTRODUCTORY SJRVEY TO SESSION 3 CONTROL OF Variedi espocts of tropospheric propagation and interference
ANTENMwAf SIDE LOSES probability calculatron methods are consrdered for a wide range
8 VanDill !'n A)3AR0 Propagation Effects of Frect Sharing of frequencies Wave scattering, reflecting and ducting phenomena
Sep~ 1973 9 p refs (For availability see N74* 13846 05-07) are 5tudrsd as well as attenuation due to the atmosphere andI
After a short discussion of the importance of side Ic-boa for to precipitations both for terrestrial and satellite radio links
communication networks and of their physical background the GG
emphasis is lard on the development of insight in the possibilities
of influencing near angle side lobes The effect of blocking of N74-13862 SIGMA Association. Hamburg (Weat Germany)
the apitrture by obstructions is dis-ussed in general terms and DUCTING PROPERTIES OF ELEVATED LAYERS
an estimate is made of the magnitude of -he blocking effect C Fangler In AGARD Propagation Effects of Frect Sharing
Author Sep 1963 9 p refs (For availability see N74- 13848 05-07)
Field strength observed at VHF and UHF itanshorison paths
5
N74-13858 Technische Hogeschool. Eindhoven (Netherlands) exceeds considera 'h~e average value in 10% of time These
SOME ASPECTS !)F NEAR AND FAR ANGLE SIDELOBES 10% va~uss are due to the influence of elevated layers if ground
IN DOUSLE.REFL-ECTOR ANTENNAS ta-sd layers are absent in thre referred observations at individual

I
J Dilk and E J Meanders in AGARD Propagation Effects of paths the 3bviouS explanation by refleciton processes fails because
Frect Sharing Sep 1973 16 p refs iFor availability see of ray geaomnetr Ducting mechanisms have to be assumed The
N74.',384606 07,i possibilities of ducting are generally considered in point of view i
* Analysis and synthesis of the directive gain pattern of reflecor of ray theory, wave Optics, and path geometry for various
antennas. esprically C~assegrain antennes are considered Alter tropospheric profiles Author
a shrort introduction into the geometry of classical and shaped
Cassegrein antennas. scalar aperture theory is used in a method N74-13463 Research Inst of National Defence. Stockholm '1
to calculate the main lobe and near angle sidelobes of a blocked (Sweden)
aperture Scala, aperture theory is also used to calculate the T14E OCCURRENCE OF VERY HIGH FIELD STRENGTHS
srdelobeis of mismatched shaped Cas sprain antennas The second AT BEYOND THE HORIZON PROPAGATION OVER SEA
pert of the paper deals with far angle sidelobes An example of IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 60 -5000 MI-f
Krrchhoff integration is shown and fi ially -1 is demonstrated that Slur. Wickerts and Lennart N.Issron /r AGARD Propagation
by shaping main and subretlector power scattered by subrellecltr Effects of Frert Snaring Sep 1973 15 p refs (For availability
anrd supports may bie transported in the correct phase to the seg N74- 13846 05-071
aperturer.Cxcreas~ng far angle scaittring Author Tn. occurrence of enhanced fields has been studied over a
sea path of 160 km- at the freqtuencies 170 M~fz. 480 MHz
N74-13859 Societe Ifaliana per IrEsercizio Telefonico. Rome and 5000 MH, For short periods also 60 MHz was used Long
(Italy) term measurements of field strength l-i.ve beer performed since
THE RADIATION DIAGRAMS OF ANTr-NAS USED IN 1968. whichr includes some period of mreteorological measurement
TER 4,:STRIAL MICRfOWAVE LINE-OF-F.GH' SYSTEMS 7-cr these measurements ar-.wrborne retractometer. captive balloon
C W.lavito end G Mesen. /P AG.&'D "ropa~lalion Effects of sondes and an acoustic sounder were used The received signals
~
Frec: Sharing 5=_t 1973 B . :0- f-or: -rbi-cc N74 13843 ctn bte class~fied by -the fofl,ývving th~ree types Standard
05 071 atmosphere signal (troppospheric scatter signal). unstable high
Measurements carried out on trarabol~c disk ant rnnes used signal caused by reflection in e~svated tropospherir layers and
in terrestrial microwave line ot sight relay systems are reported stable high signet caused by dlucting This lad that the signals
t Thris* systems are aliocated r, the 7 GHz frequency band whicýh at dnffe'frnt freijuen~ies are only occasionally correlated indicates
is shared betwieen terrest:1at and satletitc fixedI Sarvices hethat the propatgirnon is governed by different mechanisms in
r - - . . .. ..
-... i•

148 07 COMMUNICATIONS

different parts of the frequen(y spectrum A case study or P174 13867 Scripps InstitutiOn of Oceanography. La Jolla.
propag4•on under various tropospheric conditions and the long Calif
term statistiCs of the different signal types are given Author HF MEASUREMENTS OF OCEAN-WAVE DIRECTIONAL
SPECTRA
N74-138S4 Communications Research Centre Ottawa [Onto- Robert H Stewart Lalvin Teague Joseph W Joy. and G Leonard
rio) Tyler In AGARD Propagation Effects of Freq Sharing Sep
INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTS AT 167 GH& OVER A 1973 7 p refs Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Univ
LONG TRANSHORIZON PATH (For availability see N74 13845 05-071
A L Olsen and U H W Lammers In AGARD Propagation (Contract N000t4-69-A-0200 60121
Effects of Frei Sharing Seg. 1973 15 p refs Prepared in 6ragg scattered HF radio waves were used to measure the
cooperation with AFCRL. H G Harscom Field. Mass (For directio;al spectrum of 0 14 Hz ocean waves during a time
tavaitbility eatel N74-13846 05-C"! when !hey were in equilibrium ss.:h a constant and spatially
Experiments are being carried out to obtain transmission homoge.i-ous wid field The radio data consisted of monostatic
lt statistics fOr 500 km overland path at 157 GHa The measurements o0 LC-tAN A radio signals backscatlered from
interference situation simulated is that of a terrestrial transmitter the ocean These signals are pulsed, coherent, and vertically
interfering into the earth terminal receiver of a space communica- polarized and are resonantly scattered only by 0 14 Hz ocean
tons system along the great circle path between them or at off waves moving radiallf toward or away from the transmitter receiver
path angles close to the great circle azimuth The initial results point The direction of arrival of the radio waves, and thus the
of measurements over a six month period indicate that. for this drre:hronal distribution of the ocean wave energy was determined
path the empirical method underestimates the transmission loss by synthesizing a directional antenna having a maximum
not exceeded for small percentages of the time by an amount beamwrdti of 5 10 deg The synthesis was done by moving
which increases with the elevation angle of the earth station the raeeiver along :wo nearly orthogonal paths using the runway
antenna Additional analysis is also being carried out to determine and taxiways of the island The right-left ambiguity in the
the relative occurrences of turbulent scattering, hydrometer scatter synthesized antenna was resolved by using a switched cardio-d
(including cloud scatter). and ducting. and to separate the date antenna which looked alternately to the right and the left as
accordingly Author the basic receiving element The angular dependence of the ocean
wave directional spectrum is presented as a function of wind
speed Author
N74-13805 GEC-Marconi Electronics Ltd . Chelmsford (Eng-

TROPOSCATTER PROPAGATION IN AN EQUATORIAL N74-13868 Hamburg Univ tWest Germany) Inst fuer
CLIMATF Radrometeurologie und Mjritime Meieorologe
R Larson In AGARD Propagation Effects of FreQ Sharing EXPLANATION OF VERY LOW FIELD STRENGTH LEVELS
Sep 1973 9 p refs Sponsored by the Min of Defence (For ON LINE-OF-SIGHT PATHS OVER SEA
availability see N74-13846 05-071 H W Fiuorhtenirht In AGARD Propagation ffects of Freq
A troposcatter link between Singapore and Penang was Sharing Sep 1973 12 p refs iFor availability see N74 13846
operated for almost two years During this time continuots 05-071
analogue recordings of received signal strength were made and Line of sight propagation uver sea may be treated by ray
meteorological measurements were also made at both ends of tracing The method is applied to linear profiles and duct profiles
the link The radrometeorology proved to be very stable and of the refractive index The model calculation show that the
was an excellent example of equatorial type climate The measured receiving field passes through a number of interferences lobes if
median signal level was very close to the predicted value and the duct thickness is increased This effect is verified by
also the hourly median signal levels followed a log-normal experiments Furthermore the theoretical considerations yield that
distribution with great fidelity. even to extreme percentage levels, the sea evaporlion duct causes a certain antenn; height where
both high and low Consideration of the available data led to the receiving field may vanish W-th increas,ng duct thickness
the conclusion that there was no evidence of any ducting at all this special receiving point is snihed upwards Vertical polarization
a pure scatter signal being received throughout Fast fading records puts it on a lower level than horizontal polarization Moreover
indicated that even at the highest signal levels 3 Rayleigh fading with increasing duct thickness ot is shifted upwards moe slowly
signal was present and the log-normal and Rayleigh drs-ributons foa vertical polarization than for horizontal polarization Autho"
have been combined to produce an overall distribution of
instantaneous signal level Author
N74 13869 Servico de Telecomuricacoes Mililares Lisbon
l Portugal-
N74-13866 Radio and Space Research Station Slough ANALYSIS OF 11 GHz BAND PROPAGATION IN POR-
(England) TUGGA L
STATISTICS OF HIGH-LEVEL OEYOND-HORIZON SIGNALS J A Sararva MKlrvJes t, AGARD Propagation Effects of Frets
AT 2 2 0Hz AND 2 6 GHz. AND MEASUREMENTS O1 THE Sharing Sep " 73 8 p rels iFo, ararlab,,,ty see N74 13846
VARIATION OF THE ARRIVAL-ANGLE-STRUCTURE 05 071
M P M Hall Ir AGARD Propagation Effects of Froq Sharing Supplernental attenluatoll duje to rain at I I GHr on paths
Sep 1973 10 p refs (For availability see N74 13846 05-07! 20 km long in different places of Portugal is estimated The
Continuous recordings of field strength were made simulta cumulative distriItOns ofl cluck hOurly lain rates for Lisbon.
neously over two 300 km Itoposcatter paths, one over land MI Oporto and Coin.bra are calculated arid cr.nQared with those
2 6 GHz and the other partly over sea at 2 2 GHz The recordings obtaned directly Ito- climatic data using the method proposed
were made on 1 2 icn diameter antennae at Chilbolt--, (near by Russak and Easley Their using the mrethods proposed by
Winchester UK) Perodicilly the 25 m riiineter steerable antenna Quarta and by uolthca5 et a' tWe cumula:.ve distributions of
was used to scan across the paths in bearing and elevation to irstantaneous attieniuation drJc to rain are also calculated for
determine the arular distribution of the arriving energy An Lisbon Oporto arid Coarnbra Tire resilts obltaned with btoth
analysis is presented of the high signal strengths exceeded for methods are compared and drs-u~sed It seems that the method
small peicent-iies nf the time. of the relative duration of these proposed by 8oithras el a! cannot Ire widely used in Portugal
enhancement r-irrods and of the cranges in angular spread which However the "Iucihon coeffrcrent. proposed by •fn•thca' et at
occurred as the high signals built up arid died away Results i orde, nt obtairi the Piruivalent rain rale aldnirr a path lead to
from an analysis of the cross correlation of the Outputs from l,.trrbul-ors simdla, to those ot)taine(r y ,,th with the method
large and small antennas are presented in order to determine if proposed tby Quarta The estirnate(d orrtlerri rrtal alterjatrori in
phase canýellation of unwanted interference may be feasible a path 20 mm long at t t Girz is abot 35 (ri, f-rn, 0001% of
during periods when interference signals on troposcatler paths the ycar arid lo; patrhs ortfuoqjurial to fhe Jorrriant winds
become unacceptable high Author Author
 07 COMMUNICATIONS 149

N74-13870 Department of Transportation. Caimbridge Mass

MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION AT
THE FREQUENCIES OF 16. 19, AND 34 O~s
Geor ge G Iferoules. Wilfred E Brown. a-id Gregory J Bishop
In AGARC) Propagation Effects of Freq Sharing Sep 1973
14 p refs (For alvailability see N74 13848 05 07l
That* are two methods of determining atmioispheriic attenuation
without having to use a spac vehicle In the first attenuation
may be measured by obeervring the exteriction of ernensotmospheric
source as a function of the zenith angle The second merthod
which the ccrrespordiong attenuation is calculated using an
assumed atmofpheric meaentemperature The magnitude of
atmospheric attenuation and the relatirve time interval of #its
occurrence at millimeter wavelengths must include consideration
of the eleavation angles of observation Knowledge of the peicensfage
of time duriing which relatively high values of etter-uatiui are
observed is Irrelevant without considleraticin of the elevation angle
of obaervation at the time of occurrence Attenuation statistics
resulting from a twelve month obrearvairon 1 igram ore presented
The sun is used as a source of microwave .- tiation T ie dynarmic
range of atmospheric attenuation measurement capab,,lity is in
excess of 30 db Author

N74-13471 Army Satellite Communications Agency Fort

Monrrtja.h NJi
THE INTERRELATION OF PROPAGATION EFFECTS A(;OD
DESIGN FACTORS FOR FIXED SERVICE COMMUNICA-
TIONS SATELLITE SYSTEMS

11 Silly J Fansler and 3 M Segner In AGARD

Effects ot Frect Sha rig SeP 1973
Peo~igatic~n
1it p refs Piepare I inj
cooperation with ECUM. Ft Monrnouth. N J (For avasilorlit
see N74 13846 05.071
The problems of freQuency sharing between niulli~-hannei
transmission using satellites and muitichrannel transmission using
radio relay are reviewed Two caset of potential interfereince
involve determination of coordination distance based on normalized
basic transmission in the absence and in the presence of
precipitartion One case is for the earth station received sign~l
being interfered with by terrestrial station transmitter% The second
is tor earth station transmitted signal interfering with terrestrial
station receiveis Taking advantage of a newly writtien computer
program. the effects of varying PrOPagltion facf.'s. aoto clrmat-c
regions. rain climatic zones arid rnterfeienct duration is invest,

gated Auithor

I X74 73498 Advisory Grorip for Aerostrace Resear I ant

*
Develocimeat Pairis (France-
oHE IDENTIFICATION OF MILITARY UTILIZATION OF
FFIEOUENCY BANDS AS0VI: 10 btiz
H J Albrecht Jui 1972 68 1)
AGARO AR 42)
NATO Resi'ctied Reitori
The radio freqtuency spectrum bieiow 10 GHz IS rapidly
reacr-iqi saturation Nosorfia! Autlorities atie acriveli considerinri
rev',-On Of the internatiornal allocation of the sti, r tj. i above
10 C,)i, In order that- NATO Mniintarny Auttoininer -a, assune
the Satisfaction ofl NATO windi, irnirrany be
,en~ernnI.ir
supported by adequare rechnicar knrowiedqe an overall NATO
evairriror- Of the L)ropagatroin Iraramiriers atlectnInil ii' uJSe 0It
the scirciruni above 10 GHz c-us necessary arid is presetied I

this relirit

U~74- 73499 Advisory Groion) for Aerosipace Resean h arid]

Oevetopmenrn: Pan~s(France)
THlE IDENTIFICATION OF MILITARY UTILI&ATION OF
FiIEQUENCY BANDS ABOVF 10 GHi
it J Altbiechti ed Jun 1973 52 p Revisit
-,ARD AR 42 Rev)
f ~NAIO Reirsicrer Pepori

Fon abstract see X 74 73498A

 08 COMPUTERS Preceding paeblank15
realistic scale of performance The English-like sentences accepted
by OELFI include Statements, Ouestsons. commands and
Includes computer operation and programming. ard data condIitional sentences These 0sentenCeS are parsed and translated
proelaedingformto sathseifics
Sopplscaon 19 oy a grammar-directed semantic interpreter into programs in a
btjoie
relaed
se elonforatin
1 Matemaicshigh-level procedural language Composed from proceduralA
selonentic components The procedural semantic components
used perform operations which are of logical. set processing.
dote flow control and program flow Control kind respiectively The
P47211145 dvioryGrop
fo Aaosece eserchendprograms generated hove access to the date-beas for updating
Ne7elpme1t17 ar# (Ptrane Gru o eopc eerhad0And retrievat Examples of application of OELFl are given in data
ARTvIFomICIAL INTE*LLIGNCE management picture processing and simple problem Aolthor
Thomes 0. Evans. ed. Sep 11971 324 p refs Presented st Ato
AGARD Avionics Panel Tech Syrnp on Artificial intelligence,
Rome. 24-20 May 1971 N21iisIMIai.Rm
(AGAD-C-9471)
vai NTS NC6O0iMFO95AN APPROACH TO NATURAL LANGUAGE FOR
The consisrence papers on artificial intelligence with emphasis COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
on Pattern recognitioni is reported Other areas covered were A Lansara In AGARD Artificial Intelligence Sep 1971 9p
robotry and robot vision. Question -answering, natural language refs (Seo N7 2. 111174 02 -061
end speech rezognitiori and man-maChint interatirve problem Avail NTIS HICSI6DO MF SO 96
solvingThe feassibility was examined of defining a highly uS~er-or-Sreitd
Cop. ethpge.N Ylanguaeg.
Grmma
Aerspae
N72.117# es close cis possible to a natural language. for
P47-iArosecsCor.
17# Gummn Bthpga.N ~commend and control systema Seveial different language
ESTABLISH-ING REQUIREMENTS FOR ARTIFICIAL models were analyzed asocauss of the recognized difficulty of
INTELLIGENCE IN THE AIRBORNE AND SPACE computer programs to fully understanid a natural language. the
ENVIRONMENTS study goal wa$ changed to ha identification of a habitual
Robert 8 Also In AGARD Artficial Intelligence Sep 1971 language The Suitability of different models to describe tha
9 Is rots (See N72-11174 02-081 habitual language is discussed and the moat promising model is
Avail NTIS HC SC00 MF 5096 Sele'-tad Possible methodology to be used to tailor the model to
Man-machine corriprisons and basic re~uirement pearme- a particular command and control environment is also discussed
tars for those most crucial operational priobierns for airborne. D LG
space, and non-terrain operations, wherein men must make use
of artificial intelligence techniques. aer delineated Operational
areas discussed are eafetv of flight in flying close to the earth N7211179r Ilor-t A- Deveioprreir Ce'iwer Gel 4 ,, AFS N Y
missions for surveillance and reconnaissance opeartion&, aircraft AUTOMATIC SPEAKER RECOGNITION SYSTEMS
control in the vicinity of airports, aspae Shuttle docking. and BuoSe.JmsGeh adWlsdFMee C
other critical operations Author Cemrsen. N J I In AGARO Artificial Intelligence Sep 1971 7
ip refs (Sea N72-11174 02-0614
Avail NTIS HC5600, MF SOBS
N472-11176# Washington Un-, St Louis. Mo Dept of Two systems with variations, for spoeaver recognition are
Applied Mathematics and Comtruter Science described The recognition decisions are made automatically from
OOOT DATA SCREENING:
RSEARCH AN INTELLIGENT (?1 DATA continuous speech uncontrolled as to 1:ontext One system uses
TECH4NIQUE piriimrily pitch and Spectral charActeý1Si;tiC obtained from voiced
Theodor D Sterling In AGARD Artificial Intelligence Sep sounds The other system employs automatic Speech recognition
1971 5 p rafs (Soo N72-1 11 74 02 061 circuitry to extract phonremes so that the spectral characteristic*
Avail NTIS HCS6OOOMF 5096 of each phoneme type can be tabulated separately The
The process Of robot data screening is described e-d an characteristic manner in which individual piionemes are
evaluation is made of its potential asoa possible hou:.oisti pronounced by different speakers is used to identify or differentiate 1
procedure to aid in sorting Out the most important features in an between speakers Results obtained with 30 speskers are.1
aggregate of emperical observationis Robot screening uses ,i presented Author
measure of reievance of variabies6 derived from tne 6*sf.;roas ol
variable$ to Serve $s predictors for the outcomes of observations
It is pointed out that, although probab-iit of correct Cuclo aaaOtw
cross.-classification is a salisfactory method entropy corrstitwies a N72-) 11S0. National esmearch CuoO aaaOtw
more surteble criteria for determining relevance In robot screening. (Ontario) Control System$ LaoPITR
the entropy produced wvith each cross classification #s exmimned EXPERIMENTS WITH A HEURISTIC ON-LINEPITR
And thoee that indicate the largest changs in entropy are PROCESSING LANGUAGE
selectedi Special tests are then eppliod to each variable or T Kosvend In AGARO Artificial Intelligence Sep 1971 60
variable combinations to see if its uja is an improvement over iSee N72 11 174 02-06)
the use of no or fewer predictors, As a final Step, a search Avail NTIG HC S8000 WF SO 95
algorithm Provides a practical method to converge upon the A short description of & houristie, picture processing
more useful crove-classification variable combinations 0 LG learning and recngnition system is outlined It is shown that it is
possible to construzi a petrein r0,o9nition System which .2
irldepaondent of picture content The objects in' the picture asee
N72-11 177# Democritus Nuclear RAsearch Center Athens fragmented lit they are complicaled l descriptions for the fragmesnts
(Grece)
Comuter Dvistor~isi
lectoni are formead and normal-zed bifore they aie recogrnized
ON TYE QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM DELFI AND0 The interirs-tionish.pe between the atoms composing an object
ITS APPLICATION are stored ,u, el recognition these inter relationships are uted
J Kontos end A Kossidas In AGARD Artificial Intelligence in a oroced-ire resembling hypotheses testing A simplifiedi
Sop 1971 6 p rats (Sea N72-111 74 02-081 version of the proposed system was progiammed and gave
Avail NTIS HCS800.MP 5096 adeqjuate iesultla Aý;:'ýOi
The tatest version of the Question-answering system DELFI
* is described and examples of fitsapplication are given DELFI is
based on the automatic generation of oiograms that express he IN72.l116181 Comnmunicat~ons Reosooici. Cenrtre Ottawaa
meaning of English like sentences vie a Drocet its, -interrnedrsie Ontsriol
language Thu general characteristics of LiELF1 are mess storage WEATHER RADAR IMAGE PROCESSING
 152 Caseiiceton08 COMPUTERS

A W Irdidgwster Ir AGARO Artificial intelligentce Sop 1971 antd ECG And EEG analysis Casfctosorthe training data
113p offifIS"eN72-1 1174 02-08) were determined according to the patients most recent dialgnossi.
Avail NTIS HC S600OMF 30oon either by biopsy at surgery or pathology at autopsy The results
The uee is explored of computer nmlige-joocessing lot obtained from those two PrOIposed Proceduresearg ^oonpared and
feature extractiion in PPI displays of rader backacatter The their corresponding advantages and disadvantages are discussed
picture is transformed! or processed in ord.' tc reveal to this Autnor
hurmanm anelyflt Certain Structural poarame~ters of the patterns
insp4cion Once
which are not directly accessible by visual automatically
identefie4 these parameters are extracted and N72-111lies, Bunker-Remo Corp . Vieetlake Village Calif
Summary Sal~tiatice of precipitation chairacterisitcic can be built ug, lINED AND ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR PATTERN
for long eQuenices of pictures In the search for suitable featureft REONTO RBESIIHOYADAPIA
to describe tne attenluation phenomena. the two-dimensional 7ION
autocotrrelation function of the imago is shown to be useful It is C M Beitone and F A Muckler (Manned Systemsi Sol. Inc )I n
implemented digitally ursing the fast Fourier transform algorithm AGARD A-iricial intelligence Sap 1971 13 p raef (Soee
and it results in relatively regular. smoothly contou~red structures N72-11174 02-0S1
wehich indicate average maosues of elliptictv directivity. Avail NTIS HC $6300 MF 50 96
periodicity. ano Correlation disanlices of the echo patterns Data eased on recent Soviet and American theoretical
reduction methods for quantifying end extracting theseofeatures developments. information is presented on adaptive and
are described Author self-organizing algorithms and problems in applications. specifically
in multiple son&! input processing and voice encoding In
addition detailed descriptions are given of Soviet work in
Crptraddmdcldansi*Ato
N72-1 11S20 Plessey Co. Ltd Havant (England) Electronics
Research Lab
A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF PAT"TERN RECOGNITION N72-111884~ Carnegie-Mellon Univ. Pittsburgh. Pat Dept of
C J W Mason and 0 E Morgan In AGARD Artificial Computer science
intelligence Sep 1971 8 p ref (Sao N72-1 1174 02-08) COMPUTER PROCESSINO'OF NATURAL SCENES. SOK'E
Avail NTIS MC $ 00 MF 50 96 UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
Astudy was made of the application of pertarn recognition Ugo Montanan, CNR. Pies. Italy) and Raj Reddy In AGARD
techniclues. gsing partitioning of data in n-space. to the detection Artificial intelligence Sep 1971 5 g rats (See N72.1l 1174
of personnel who may be moving at a rats comparable with that 02-08)
*of a clutter -producing errvir-rnomnt The sensor employed was a (Contract F44e20 70.C-0107)
Doppler radar Detilsd of the processing and results ea, give, Avail NTIS IC SC00 MF SO 954
Feesibility of the techniques is demonstrated Author The problem is considered of extending the present
methods used in vasuoi image prflcessing to Ing analysis of
natural scenes T.ý.a limitations are discussed of presently used
N72-11 .163; Transporitaton Systems Centor Cambridge MaSS, technique$ such as edge detection slgorithrs. twio-dimensional
F VEICLS I
AUTOATI DEECTON AEIALFourier transforms and linguistic methods In addition
DTECION OF VHICES I
* AUOMAIC AEIALracornmendetiorry ai proposed for fuiture reSearch in processes
PHOTOGRAPHS OF HIGHWAYS DL
which apllpear, to -)e promising LG
.lurioG Raudsepa In AGARD Artificial Intelligence Sep 1971
8 pl(SooN72- 1174 02-081
Avail NTIS HC SO 00, MF 50 95 N72- 11137s Consrglro Nazionale dlellasRicerche. Rtome (Itsly)
the problem of tirmeaend er'or- involved in the date KINEMATIC ASPECTS OF PROJECT OF UNCONVEN-
reduction ror~oss with infoimitior. obtained through aerial TIONAL LOCOMOTION VEHICLES
photogrpal of rrrghwsoyl is dealt with An oVpproech to automnatini; T Leo end A Veii.l In AGARD Artificial intelligence Sep
the dats reduction process is described Technocutis from the 1971 10 v re's iSee N72-1 t1174 02-08)
"faild* of interactive computer graphics end automatic pattern Avail NTIS HC $6000 MF So096
efcognitron trip ised in comnbination 10 reduce the amount of The development is reported of on unconventional locomotion
scanner is used to scan the photographs By means of a rectilinear disoiscements on en horizontal plane Movement is

grphics tablet and stylus. a human operator select& groind uotiarcnrledb iptsgnlbtth deee f
rferlnl pit denetoes road boundaries end ray mrk'li cnntral is J-rited to transletionsl speed The problem consideroid
verricles The computer extropoistes tne trajectories of venicies invoives the addition*] development of a steering control system
to predict th&:i positrons in successive photograpohs Thier precise A theoretical study is described ini which a heuiritic approach to
locations are then determined and recorded by applying pattern the problerm is toenar The minimum Possible runribAr Of degrees

recognition &er,:hniQuo9 matching the vehicle imnages ii- the of froodorm are used And stability Conditions of vehicle motion
current franme against their recorded imnages ir the previous and other given corstraints on locomnOtion are respected Ink
frame of photography Avtho, addit-on complete automation of the vehicle is maintained

N72 11184. Purdue Univ Lefaltt 1,-d School of Electrical N72A l 168* Aotoiet-Generai Corp Azusa Calif
Engineering RECOGNIZING THREE OIM2NSIONAL OBJECTS BY THEIR
AUTOMATIC WFUICAL DIAGNOSIS USING NONPARAM. SILHOUETTES
METRIC SIGUENTIAL CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURES J Sklonshy and G A Dovison. Jr lin AGARD Artificial

u anrd M H Loew in AGAAO Ailific~al Intelligence intelligence Sag) 1971 11 p rats Prepared in CooperationI
Sep 1971 Si ,relt -So %72-1 '174 02 08- with Calif Univ Irving (See 4N72-1 1174 01-0S)
(Grant AF-AF(,SP 1 78869 -Contract F33615-69-C 131 1
Avail NTIS HC SO 00 M F SO 96r Avail NTIS HC SODOCKA SO095
Two nonporsmetriC 5ocuerntial clasuification procedures Pre A mt~hod is deec ,- for classifying or identifying a
diagnosis prfoblesnf Trio jorocod-,res inclu~de throeedimenironal object Iron, une o, more of sla silhouettes The
applied to mediCal mi-ethod is based on%a low.Cost Po-'4114mechanism for cor.puting
il) sequential classification using nomporamowirc partition end (2)
Se1uent-N! Clii -!O
'9ra"2 pU!- s'l~ SPO::-s :r!e soPs ýfattie;:;o
-o~ of .s tro~ s Theofoposed
results of some reel-dota medical d-eanosia are presented for the Technique computes the Slope density by a circularly notating
pobloms of *operating primary liver or~cor from primary cancer array of pnotodoeactors rho slope density is then possed
of the ;pencresa ar.d for the separation of !noss fronm normal through a set of narrow-bend -pass filters. V:eild~g the ouri#r
Cases The measurements iloeauresr used are brood chemistry harmonics ) i,*lte slope density in order to take account cf
and hematology values irinelyslis Xtray arid liver scan results varying as,.iect englss ol the original object ris te oci 1 is
 08 COMPUTERS 153

represented by a number of prototype*, each prototype being a perlicularly well Sui ted to nonseparable problems it is briefly
vector of the Fourier harmonic* of the slope density Thoea mentioned hOw this design criterion may be used to proluce
otototypeet appear in a decision free that makes the final optimized decision Surfaces in the sepe-able two class ecae. is it
recognition An experimental machine implementing this technique tends to maximizeT the minimum distance f.om each clara to the
is described. and the results obtained with the machine for decistion surface h. Eleaetrio distribulion-frea cl05asier appears
recognizing five classes of aircrarft are given Author as a special case of the general category of clesaifiers ..*fined by
t"e criterion Author

SSOUNTILSRUCU~EANDPARMETR AAPTVE 72.1I1192# Florida Univ. Garinesville Canter for Informatice

N72-1111969 Texas Univ .Austin
Dept of Electrical Engineering NRe6serch
PATTRN ECONITIN.
ART I SUIAVSEOPREPROCESSING FOR PICTORIAL PATTERN RECOGNI-
LEARNI NG A H Cofer and J T Tou In AGARD Artificial Intelligence
D G Lfiniot~a In AGAR D Artificial Intelligence Sep 1971 Sep 197 * 13 p refs (Se e 1472-11 174 02 -08)
11 p) refs (See N72-11174 02-08) (Contract N00014-688A-0173-00011
iGrants AF-AFOSR- 7854-69. AF-AFOSR-0768-67EI Avail NTIS HCSO 0OMF $096
AvailNTIS iv er foC 96pt
suevie learnMF El0 An -ntegratecir preprrocessing system is presented for the
adaptive pattern recognitionRecuarv with fiter.forsuprvisd
larnngdataByesoptmalpurpose
continuous are derived extraction This system consists of eix stages.
orofhc of line euessiatrt.radintnsewrkfa
Both off-line (or prior to actual operation) and on-rinO (while in pitr oaform which represents the physical linoi structure
operation) Superisred learnirng is considered The concept of more meaningfully or efficiently In operatiOr. the picture is first
structure adaptation is introduced and both structure as well asStapdoalSurusOsi ndhesAcncedmil
parometei adaptive optimal pattern recognition systems are axstrippted allfofspuiou
n oects an orderA conedcethed mieda
obtained Specifically, for the class of suparv.sed learning pattern widt Tis t is founowdfo reahovalc if orde 4 it loprsducesuthling
dyaiC hprbeswt dpieptenrecognition
lis rcsystmoems are lhonear everywhere in abstract lines of unit thickness Nrise branches a
dynmic,
attrnte ecoriton
S~olve ystms re how tonatural result of the prior processing te4chnia - . jhen
be decomposekble into a linear non-adaptive part consisting ofrmoe Frgearpoesigfitbl ,abrctn
ecuraremvve marheal -abstrnct patcnisigo
filter.,n greater i
.csetve matf e lmtyKraeb fompters,ahe-iincor parte thensdative ofatructure is then inserted into a list datt ucture composed of
nastur of prbblthe systmpuand thnat ancolinaesr ath aofpthve line. function. end andpoint entries TI -s-ijlting structure is
cotrreaor theti o foryEtemandionsl th anea overuts
of frm tof the then further processed in order r in' i thp representation of
troltor xtesion
esimatr oftheaboe reult tothethose junctions of many lines 1, % isl representation of the
Maory hypotheses cases, where Mi > or - 2 are given Author picture serves as an ordered. higP irel Cata best upon which
fu!".,ifs Daterrn Ssy1 eco~rr -i or processing may be
conducted Author
N72-1 tigs North American flockwell Corp.r Thousand Oaks,
Calif Science Center
SEMI-AOAPTIVE APPROACH TO PATTERN RECOGNITION r472.111903 Philips Gloerlarrpenfabrisken IN V. Eindhover-
John M Richardson in AGARO Artificial Intelligence Sep (Nethierlands)I
1971 7 p refs (Soe N72-1 1174 02-08) A NAIVE METHOD FOR MAC~HINE RECOGNITION OF
Avail NTIS NC $8 00 MF $096 HAND WRITTEN NUMERALS
Two kinds or arproachos to pattern recognition repro- M Seun ;i- AGARD Artificial intelligence Sep 19711 tO p
Senting extremes limits of the adaSptrve-rnonedaptrve eta,. are ref. (Set N72-1 t1174 02-08)
considered These include III the adaptive approlach in which Avail NTIS NC $600 'MP SO S
the prior inrorrnalion is composed mainly of pro-classified A method for character recognition by machines is described
traininV patterns with a very limited amount cI informration The character to be recognized it Scanned to obtain a matrix of
deargd into the System and (2) the nonadapti-t %pproach in black and white dot$. to which a thinning process is then
which Ihs prior information is composed entirely of information applied This process. whicPh has built in a precaution not to
designed nto the system Emphasis is placed on deriving Some oeatroy connectivity produces a skeleton of which no further
inemdit pp-oaches by Zo-rb~n~n varcs- aspac!S C! !"5 point bn -)9 ereiovod wrihowt either destroying connectivity or
two described approaches The methodology employed involves eating away ent. points Features as and points and junctions are
the use of mVanmaticSl models of pattern Classes to Which now readily detected and their occurrence and relative positions
decision theory IS Spp;red The MOdels, although Stochastic, are provide the basis of a recognition Scheme The recognition
pertally indeterminate in the sense that some of the probability scheme asso made up that more and finer recognition criteria ~
parameters era nor completely known In the adaption phase can be added when needed without basically effecting the
both Bayesian and non-Bayecsion techniQues wre considered for recognition possibilities already attained Moreover as more
the reduction of model indeterminacy through pre-clsasified experience iS Cq~ned as to !he moat effective criteriaa
asmples D LG completely fresh start often produces a new recognition Scheme
that is simpler and more powerful than its predecessors Author
N72-11191#s Manufacture GoeIge do Lampse et do Materiel
Electronrovie. Brussels 16elgiurnl N721 111594v Sitmerne A G Munich IWest Germany)
A GENERAL ORDER MINKOWS6KI METRIC PATTERFN HOLOGRAPHIC PATTERN RECOGNITION USING A
CLASSIFIER MULTICHANNEL COARELATOR
Pierre A. Doeviver In AGARC) Artificial intelligence Sep) 1971 G Winter and N Doulklres In AGARD Artificial Intelligence i
11 p rate (See N7d.11`174 02-0e) Sep 1971 12 v refs Sponsored tr BigiJeami- i.vsr Bildunw

TOne
Avail NTI 5 S6 00. MVFS0 95
general category of multicless deterministic pattern
recognition tystemae is defined by a linear Structuire in the input
unda Wise See N72-1 1 174 02.081
Avail NTIS HC SODC MF SO 95
A Multichannel correlator for holographic matiChed filtering
variables ant, an analytical crite.r-io This criterion re.uires the .5 ijescirt"e 'i-a c'sn-nal are s~r~sraiet 3:a!iall. if, 'I
minimizetion of the average 0th power of one Minkowski Fourier-p ana This arrangement allows individual filters to be
distance measure )I order p in one paricular diecision space realized for each channel for different Spatial freQuen1cy ranges
Analytical reasoning indicates that the criterion yields eni etc The multichannel correlator is addressed by a generator of
erroi-corrcigClig procedure The procedure results in a redujction muli.l;. Obob'eI waves , a by different directions of object
elf the number of misclassifications whon the order of the illurnination Parallel and teqouetral evaluation Of the correlation
criterion Metric is ini-reased This feature rdesi the criterion aignals is possible The efficiency and signal-Innoise6 ratio for
 154 08 COMPUTERS

both modes of operation are discussed in each Channel lineair Ps.rrck Krolsk. Wayne Fallts, end James M Noeson In AGARO
superimposed multiple Vander-Lugt filtairs may be ritircO'uco'd to Artificial nielligenice Sop 1971 12 p refs See N72-1 1174
increase the ovorott capacity of learning steps The risk of 02-OS)
oveirespoeure L3 very sm~all because the cenlters Of the lrerquericy lGrant NSF GV(-49751
spactre are separated on the hologram filter plate With Avail NTiS HC $0 00 'MF SO 95
inutti.Channel correlato, combined Matched and feature filtering A mon-nmgchine approach is presented for solving problems
may be performed Preliminary experimental tlSulla arrow that of the following tyr)es traveling salesmen. gonarglrse~d truck
thit method Carnbe SuCCessfrutly used in some cas.s where the dispatching board wiring arid construction of minimum Cost
reeuft: of simple matched filtering remain unsatisfactory, The communication networks wrth survival or redundancy demands
ra"ulI and discusaion& ore piesented from a mnore general point The truck dispatching problem is considered ini detail. and trie
of view with aome remarks co; Corninig comoarfablit methods and men-machine process, data organitation, computer heuria ioce.
poesiblo future aspects Author anid the interactive phase are discussed F0 S

N72-111119511 Fraunhlofer-GelsollaChaft tur POiderjing der N72-1 11200. Sell Aerospaci Co. Suffolo N Y
Angewandtan Forachung a V. Karlsruhe (West Germany) tinat PROCESSING AND DISPLAY OF TIME VAPYING
fuer lnformationsverarbertung S1PECTRAL INFORMATION WITH AP!*LICATION TO
OPTICAL PATTERN PROCESS:NG F(nR RECOGNITION $'3)NAR. VOICE, AND MEDICAL SIGNALS
E Muehlinifeld In AGARD Artificial Intelligence Soo 1971 Le~ter A Gerhardt In AGARO Artific.al lIr*eligence Sep
7 p rofr IS*e N72- 11174 02-08) 197' 12 p roef Prepared in cooperation with Reriele
Aiail NTIS S8 00 MF $095 Polyts~h Inst (See N72.1 1174 02-06)
Optical processing is discussed as a useful toot for tContract AF 49(630)-162 71
compreecing citatan information by feature exrcion Topics Avair NV S HC SO800 M; SC 95
*discussedrinclude compression of pattern information, recognition The rioreserritatron of a nonstationary signal by a time
of pattern vectors, and paratler processing F0 S vary-ingspecaol display ITVSOI is described Methods of genearting
tne rirformatro, used in a TI'5 are disCussed, with emphasis on
on-line reel tirri techniques Severel methods of di5leyn this
N72-11ll 96op Deutsche Forschunos- und VerSuchSoatstat fuer info,'r-stion are - resented, incliding computer and televisionI
Luft- utid Raumfohrt. Obaro(iffonhofet IWest Germany) Inst generated images General examples of Piecessing the time
AN 'MA0E PROCESSING AND PATTERN RECOGNITIONvayn ep da.argvnwihrssctOpiocad
signal foatur"s The applications of the TVSD are @'so
WtSTM
SSTM FRARINT
FRTME
ARINT MAGS UINGTVaperiodic
TME MAGS UI~i TVpresented Selected resaarch in the fields of Sonar. Voice and
CAMERAS AND A MATRIX CCMPUTER Medical signal processin6 is discussed Tne usefulness of the
Ernst E Trinndl in AGARO Artificial Intelligence Sect 1971 TVS)D is demoMstrated LY examples using the 10 a geom
10 p(See fitr7.111174 02 -091
AvarMFSOvoikeorint
NIS i).$00 and ohionocerdiog-em in each of these trres fields
0m ~$m.$
o9 rvi
espectively Author
An artificial visual system is discussed with desirable
characteristics similar to those of a mammalian visual system
The general structure is described and includes. sensors camreras* N72-1 1201.P General Electric Coi -,~yrocuse. NY
video r~duct on and ff-rut to the matrix processor and master SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND CLASI~rICATION BY INTERAC-
*computer F0 TIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS
A W Whitney and W E Blaedell In AGARD Art fice
N72-111197m Technieche Hogeschool. Delft INotheriandsi intelligence Sap 1971 t0 p refs (See %472-tl174 02-081
THE STORAGE OF VIDEO INFORMATION IN A MEMORY iContract F30802-89-C 02271
P H T Van~rie Int AGARD Artificibl intelligence Sep Avail NTIS NC S3OO MF $096
1971 7 p ref ,-so N)2-11174 02-081 Many aspects of signal analysis and cr5551t cation era briefly
Avail NTIS HC1000. MF $096 diacussed and techniques are given for emrploynirr ain interactive
* ~The basic f the video-to-digital convenoar for
orn~py computer graphics faciliy to design signal classific,,tion systems
arorege of videro information wrth small memory system$ are The signal classification Problems aidroesed are cla-acteroizd by
presented A composite video signal generated by the TV Camera the fact that the classification information peseent in *he aignals
*is considered to be made up Of a brightness and a synchronization must be extracted from a limited number 0) identified .ai

*
*signet The output of the converter consistst Of thre brightness n a
*binary form which is transferred to the core memory of a POP 9
computer lrtformstion reduction end cuimpreisron lmit the N2110sRm rDvlpetCne.Gifs F
numer rquredforstrag
f emoy pacs ofTVimaesON THE DESIGN OF WAVEFORM CLASS!FICA lIONY
FOS SYSTEMS BY INTERACTIVE MAN-MACNINE METHODS
H E Webb Jr and 0 H Foley Ini AGARD Artificial
N72. lileClt.Lonon
nrirsiy ~ngand DetIo inaligence Sep 1971 19 p refs iSea N72-11t t4 02-08)
*Physics Aveil NTIS NC SO000 M; SO 9i
CIL LULAR LOGIC AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PATTCANi A avekifum oroctesring system is proposeci for feature
RECOGNITION Se 171 t3etiecior design The ecitring trsnsfoIrt~on briSiC fun:ti0n
M J 8 Duff InAGARD Artificial Intelligence Se 97e3xoahsicin digital filtering end local ieature cpgratiori en,
p r*f, See N71,1 11174 02,01, dascribed An on-line paittrn analysis and rocogrii.oii System *s$
Avail NTIS NC 50 00 MAF$0 96 discussed IS a resarc toot for siding analysti in designing
lsoBC
The usleof Ceilular logic in the solution cI pattern recognition Classification log-C Author
arobierns is di~scussed Two cisases of *,is? w-,@
tei~rog~c
rinvestigated for pattern preprocessing Tec:ass consists of
variable function arrays 'vith nearest neighbor connection and N72- 11203s International Comouters Ltd Kidsgro.e rEnglandi
thil other depends on switching circuits linked by cliodeff F0 S NEW TECHNIQUES IN INTERACTIVE GRAPHIC CONSOLE
DESIGN FACILITATING TNE PRESENTATIO.N AND
MANIPULATION OF COMPLEX DATA
G Hughes In AGARD Artificial Inteiligonce Sep) 19? 1 9 o
N72-11199., VanderbriltUniv Nashville Terin ofs See N72-1 1174 02O091
A MAN-MACHINE APPROACH TOWARD SOLVING Avail NTIS HC S$000 MiF 50 95
VARIOUS ROUTING. SCHEDULING. AND NETWORK Ar' experimne'tal Method by vvhiCh theg t9Chii'iouas of
PROSBLE MS interactive tine graphrics May be exterrded to the handting of
 08 COMPUTERS 155

pictorel data isdeficrilbed This involves a Combination of 4 new AGARDograph 15E. AGARO AG 158) Avail NTIS
st0oage scar' convenor with conventional digital incremental The utilization of computer technology in aerospace systems
computational technriques Indications are maodeas to how the is examinred in detail Three mnajor areas are considered. it)
method Are? "e applied to Pattern recogniton and visual artificeol system design techniques. (2) systems hardware techniques. and
intelligence c,'oblems and the manner in which the Ssytemr maey Q)1 guidance and control computer systems applications For
be onhoened to. cater for Color Pictures is Outlined In addition to individual titles. see N72-2 1212 through N72-2122 7
the above, enhaicements to Cater for picture manioulation an
enlumerationi of th,,%problems in display presentation of pictorial
dateintrmial
n iterctie
ad apotntil mtho ClN72-21212# North American Rockwell Corp . Anaheim Calif
enhancement .6tis bre described Author OVERVIEW OF AEROSPACE VEHICLE COMPUTER
APPLICATIONSI
Gordon HI Smorth in AGARD Computers in the Guidance and
N72.t 1204m Compagne Generate do Telegraphis tans Fit Control of Aerospace Viih-cles Feb 1972 p 1 7 (See
Parts (Froncel N72-2121,1 12-08)
DIGITAL FILTERING PROCEDURES FOR A LINE IMAGE Avail NTIS
IPROCECES OE FILTRAGE DIGITAL DUNE IMAGE OE A brief historical treatment is presented of the appoliction of
LI ONES] digital computing techniques to aerospace systems The
I C Simon and A Chiscroun In AGARD Artificial intelligence tochn,~oica developments in both hardware and system
Sep 1971 14 p refs in FRENCH ENGLISH summar', See application are summarized and the impact of new technooie
Av2,7ilNTI 2N5081 F~og is discussed Pioblems which have developed in applying digital
Avai FNTS$ 96computers
H $600 in real time control systemis are identified along with
TIeo use of cOmputers to analyze data which modifies the
usual representation concepts aie discussed The following
consatraints introduced by computers are analyzed digitization
memory size and algorithmic treatments An adaptation of the
conventional filtering processes of an image leads to digital
successful solutions to those problems

he72-21,213# International Businerss Machines Corp. Owego.

tyEeiocsStesCnr
Author
:
filer, wic ae wlisutedtoarihmti
Copuaton thseFEOFRATED VS INTEGRATED COMPUTER SYSTEMS
principles are applied to the op tial storage of an image to thes James H Crenshaw In AGARtD Computers in the Guidance
reduction of information volume and to the first level foolorss and Control of Aerospace Vehicle.. Feb 1972 p ? 22 rats
estrectoios The PPI radar mnfoirmation is processed by thes ISee N72 -2 12 1I112 08)
metrical The aim is to reduce the available information to a lew Avail NTIS
specific feature* that will describe a radar Situation Hill ridges The computer system organcatiuns, utilized in current
representled by lines which are then coded and Stored aerospace, systems and design considerations lot developmental
Author systems are reviewed The advanltages, anid disadvantages of the
federated and integrated approaches a'e analyzed and the
system dependent viriables which must be considered by the
N72-`11206* Karloruhie Univ [Wear Germany, tinat for Informi designer are discussed to emphasize the real world situation
anid Transmission
GENEATIN
LIN DRWINS
O FRM OEYSALEFeatures such as vulnerability to battle damage and graceful
PICERTURES LNEDA IGSFO RE-CL degradation are considered along with the queuing theory,
ifiniecza
F NHldemen an I^AGAD At~f&iwaiting time. and loading factor Ajlhor
IntallicanCe Sap 1971 14 p refs iSee N72-1 1174 02-08)
Avail NTIS HC 56 DC MF 10 95
Theprblmf The lob~rmof
etctngboundaries dtecingN72-21214fi
of obtects in gray Teledyne Systems Cz,. Northridge, Calif
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL COMPUTER SYSTEM DESIGN
scale pictures is studied An object is defi.'fd aa a refpOn with a EalKnrfrAAOCr~uesi h upc rdControl
rasonbl
unf~m isribtin f itestesThree methods ate of Aerospace Vehicles Feb 1972 p 23-43 (S4.e N72-2 1211 I
presented and the results of their applications t% Some legal 12.08)
photo$ are discussed The detected boundaries are given byAaiNTSi
differential lini, elem ents w hich are described in each picture A v i TheS ub e f l gc r a i ai n o y i a eo p c
point by a direction characterizing the orientation of the copTher isujc consdee fromtheortandpatoint of tyintegratedcrcuitc
bOij-iJer-y arid by 9 weight Chsrsiieriring the errrpint of theo tcnoogytrsiaonsdrid rt of ineriOated circuit
from theuastaui~indont
gradient of thre intensity distribution A filter-ig and a contour technology andeisl to fleibe
ua mechaiz
s ato of moosidernc,
tracing algorithm based on tns direction arid weight informationTehogya nbltoafxie r&aizinofmdn
of te bundriesa'sbriflydiscase Auhorarchitectr.-ia is presented ihen. two general claiss@: of computer
of te bundaiesa'sbriely
l-svoso Auhorsysltins design are discussed, utilizing this circuit technology
The Iwo general classes ate representedi by a spiscial purpose
guidance end control computer and a general purpo.,s Computer
Ns72.11 200a Technicsa Univ of Deernmerk, Lyngby Electronics programmable for a guidance and control applicat~on Author
1.1b
PATTERN REZ:OGNITIO-4 USING DYNAMIC PICTORIAL.
INFORMATION
Peter W Becker and Knud A Nielson In~ AGARD Artificial N72-21216# North American Flockwall Corp. Downeay Calif
* intelligence Seo 1971 6 p rots (See N72-11 1`774 02-061 REAL TIME PROGRAMS FOA AEROSPACE VEHCICLES
Ave., NTIS HC S6 00.'MF SOB96 Victor Strand and L J Andrews (ISM Corp. Hluntsville Ala ) In
iProblem solving with man-machine interaction wes AGARO Computers in the guidance and control of Aerospace
considered for pattern recognition using both static and dynamic Vat cler Feb 1972 p 45 56 (See N72 2 12 11 12 OC)
information Topics discussed ilcludil recognition of hendprinred Ater NTtS
* digits, recognition logic c1ynslm-C attributes, and !Itatic attributes An overview is presented of the dlevfloprmrntal and
Q! a concluded that the USe Of dynamic pictorial information rechnici. considerations associated with the generstou. and
eimnpiifies recognii:ý~roof picture patterns F0 S checkorit of computer programs for real time control of avrocactec
vehicles Technical topics include a discussion of esicutive
N72.2111u
Grou Avisor
for Arospae Fleeatchanti iuaiii. tIiiiii viu~rrh. Lrivgiain mciutariti fixed vs flcating
N72 1211
GrupAdisor
fr Arospce loserchantiont arithmetic, higher order languages. etc The softcnare
Development ratis (France) poaliminary, and baseline designs. documatntati,. verificatvn.
COMPUTERS 'N THE GUIDANCSE AND CONTROL OF validation, models monictrs and pti-giam management ase
ACROSPACE VEHICLES discussed as they affect the production and ýhecko-r of real
C T Lalondes ad (Calif Univ Los Angeles) Feb 1972 265 p litrr, aerospace software A brief dissertationr on future efforis
reft and considerations is also presented Author
 156 08 COMPUTERS

N72-21216# Singer-Librascope. Glendale. Calif P K Hemmosid and W T Palmer In AGARD Compurters in the
PROaRAMMI1IG CHARACTERISTICS OF FUTURtE G AND Guidance and Cointroll of Aerospace Vehicles Feb 1972
A*tiCOPTR *4y ~ 1 ADp 83-91 (See N72-21211 12 08)
Autn
4~ I AADComputers in the Guidence and Aval NTIS
rControl of Aerospace Vehicles Fabr 1972 p 57-03 refs (See The design philaosohy applied 1tqthe interfacinc, ellements of
N472-21211 12-OS) ant aerospace computer is discusaed in terms of establishing ttee
AwedlNnis overall performance. reliability, maintainability. and Cost of the
The types of difficulties encountered in developing and systemn Most of the kay functional requirements which should be
maintaining airborne computer programs ato reviewved Thae" corimdeiad in the design phase of interfacing equipment are
include piroblems encountered in the initial dervelospmient of th'e reArreved. Author
"sytem program rend the significant changes to the original
program based on laboratory and flight tests of ttle over-all
system By esasmilating results of Previous system development N?2-212.20# Bendix Corp. Teterboro. NJ Navigation And
expeneence and predicting the trends in airborne computer Control Div
hardware development. characte'trstics are proposed for future FAULT ISOLATION IN A DIGITAL GUIDANCE AND
airborne Guidanlce and Control computers The proposed computer CONTROL COMPUTER
characteristics would minimize sianilicant programmino David H Blauvelt In AGOARD Computers in the Guidance anid
* drifficultaies while retaining desirable hardware features (tog, Control of Aerospace Vehicles Feb 1972 p 93-98 (See
protectled memory. small size, etc)I The ferturers covered include N472-21211 12-08)
word lenigich tradeoffs, type of arithmetic, addressing techniques. Avedl P4(1
* suserirogram itnekages. etc. and in summary repirsent a functional The possibility as examined of a general pur;' digital
apecilicartion for a class of fultire airborne computers using MS) corrptuter being able to realize an optimum fault isolation
or LSI techniques Finally, the $ecflic characteristics Are presented crspabilet in a guloance and control application It is shown that
of an airborne compute, designed to most the"e functsional if proper attention is given to the functional partitioring of the
apeifiatinsAuthor compuea. sel-test and self-diagnostic programs can ba, written
which will determine that faults have occurred and will isolate
them to the replaceable card level. It is also demonstrated that
thes can be accomplished with virtually no additional flight
11472-21217il International Businesik Machines Corp. Owiegeo. hardware and a relatively simple test console which allows
N Y Electronics Systems ('enter maintenance personnel to communicate with the computer in

AEROSPACE COMPUTi(lR WORD LENGTH CONSII2(RA- question Author

G. W Oraudaweay and C J. Standish In AGARD Computer in
heGuidence and Control of Aerospace Vehicles Feb 92N -12t
1972 72-2221# ughe Aircaft o., ClverCity. CalifAeopc
p 6S-71 raets Ses, N72-21211 12-08) GroSup HuhsArrf
Avail NTIS GUIDANCE AND CONTROL COMPUTER ACTUATED
A number of data word and instruction for-me- factors are DISPLAY SYSTEM TECHNIQUES
described which must be considered when selecting the lengttr~a, G. K Slocum. J W Gunvordshl, M. Weihrauch. and J W
of instructions and data words to be implemented in sii -Nelir In AGARD Computers in the Guidance and Control of
aerospace computer The primary emphasis is on o.leeition of Aerospace Vehicles Feb 1972 p 99-115 ref (See
darte-wiord and instruction lengths ander the constraint that data N72-2 1211 12-08)
and instruction iongths. are compatible This is. the data-word Avail NTIS
length is an integral multiple of the instruction word length This The airborne computer io discussed in its relationship to the
imiplemnentation is appropriate when date and ir~it~ucticens are to display systems it drives. and to the part that the crew plays in
be stored in the same area of memory It- a section devoted to the management and control pirocessez These relationahips aer
storae" efficiency, the effects on implementation of removing considered for current and near-term tactical aircraft systems
thes compatibility constraint are examined Examples drawn from wisth an outlook to the possibilities for the future Author
avionic navigation computations are used to illustrate the
premise that variable word length arithmetic can be used to
produce numeric results equivalent to those produced by uniform N72-21222# Taldix Luftlahrt.Ausruesturigs G m b H . Heidelberg
"(od length arithmetic while reducing Storage requirements (West Germariy).
subsatntially Additional storage savings cun result trorrn use of SYSTEMS TASKS FOR ADVANCED AIRCRAFT NAVIGA- -
variable length instruction formats The need is demonstrated 1,r TION SYSTEMS
continued development of programming techniques for i':ilfizing F G Uinger and Rt S Siridlinger In AGARO Computers in the
variable word length arithmetic and instruction formats Guidance and Control of Aerospace Vehicles feb 1972
efcetyAuttvir p 1117-130 refs (Seo, N72-21211 12-08)
Conventional navigation systems are described and compared
N72-21218# Sperry Rand Corp. St Paul. Minn Univac Div with advanced systems proorsed for military aircraft with
AEROPACECOMUTERMEMOY
TCHNIUESinstrumentation that would include an inertial platform. a
4GR Compueert.earsoin
th Gudac MandCandroEf AeTrospace such as err date units. magnetic compasses. etci The additional
AGARDli CoFuerb in7th Guidanef andSonto
N7 f21Aerospac tasks that would then be required of the navigation computer
Avaicle FeN 92 p738 eT(SeP7-1211.S and data processing equipment are summarized Possibelehardwsare
Current avionics and aerospace memory technology are souin are outlined and approaches to developing optimal
described, and thre techniQues available in tonlay s production equipment configurations are exuinined K LG
systems as well as those soon likely to be in production are
reviewed Three major categories are discussed magnetic1
memories, semiconductor memories and mass memory M72-21223# Teledyne Systems Co. Northridge. Calif
Applications Of plated wire, and thin film and domain wall HELICOPTER GUIDANCE AND CONTROL COMPUTER
propagation lechnoqi~ii Aut~or SYSTEMSB
Lawrence A Kaufman In AGARD Computers in the Guidance
and Control of Aerospace Vehicles Feb 1972 p) 131-155
(See N72.21211 12-08)
N72-21219# Teledyne Syeitemle Co. Norih.,.dge Calif Avail NTIS
AEROSPACE COMPUTER INPUT-OUTPUT TECHNIQUES The use of central diglaml cnmputers for helicopter avionic
 r
08 COMPUTERS 1b7

ssllem functions is examined and it is shown how th use of N72-21227# lInterational Business Machines Corp. Owego.
such techniques has evotlov as a consequernice of the apseaoon hN.Y. Electronics Systems Center
of helicopers in increasingly more complex erosions The first of COMPUTERS FOR THE GUIDANCE AND CONTROL OF
tfhee now hetlcoapt digit systems to be deivlop•d, the U.S. TACTICAL AIRCRAFT
Mann. Carpe Integrated Hallicapter Avionic System IIHAS). a W. J. Bamhafl In AGARD Computers in the Guidance and
described n terms of the conceptual deM4n appr.iches uLed. Control of Aerospace Ve'icles Feb. 1972 p 247-268 (SeD
The system syntheses problems which ar e using
nxpenenced N72-21211 12-08)
&gis computation techniques are analyzed Future trends fot Avail NTIS
the aospication of central dogt computers for both helicoptetr The navigational and guidance function provided & typical
and VTOL aircraft ore indscated. Author tactical application by utilization of a digital computer
mechanization 16 analyzed A brief description it given of the
methods utilzeo ioa accomplish these functions and the sensors
N72-212240 Lmton Systems. Inc. Woodland Hills. Cold. utilized in displaying pilot information and system configuration.
Guidence and Control Systems Div. 'he capabilities afforded the tactical vehicle by uir.g digital
INTEGRATED INERTIAL DOPPLER LORAN COMPUTER dervices for computation of navigational end giidence algitrithms
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL rersummarized Author
Robert G Barfield and William 0. Felsman in AGARD
Computers in the Guidance and Con:rol of Aerospace Vehic.el
Febl. 1972 p 157-174 (See N72-,1211i 12-08) N72-22168# Advmory Grou.p for Aerospace Research and
Avail NTIS Development. Pans (France).
The n•vigation/guidacnce comnpter requirements for a typical. IMAGE STORAGE AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR
iontgrated inertial-Doppler-ioran mechanization are outlined, and THE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
the techniques are described for gener•ating an efficient and Feb. 1972 44 p refs Corif Proc Presented at Joint Meeting.
accuaite operational program. Author 0110. 9 Sep 1971
(AGARO-CP-92) Avail NTIS
Advanced systems of data processing are presented whicn
N72-21226# ITT Avionics. Nutey. N.J. involve the storage, retrieval, transmission, and reproduction of
COMPUTERS FOR LORAN C/D AND OMEGA NAVIGATION alphanumeric and pictorial data Emphasis is placed on techniques
AND GUIDANCE SYSTEMS of image conversion and display processes utilizing microfilms
Jmes P. VenEttin and Gerald P Zomhin In AGARO Computers Fo'r individual Itles. see N72-22169 through N72-22173.
in the Guidance Control of Aeroepace Vehicles Feb. 1972
p 175-228 refs (See N72-21211 12-08) N72-22169# Messec =.¢ Inst of Tech. Cambridge Electronic
Avail: NTIS
- synopte is given of geometry fundamentals pertinent to Systems Lab
posrtion-accuracy assiesment. the fundamentals of both the AN EXPERIMENTAL TEXT-ACCESS SYSTEM
Iorar C/D end Omega systems !,ncluding technical summa•ids of Doinriid R Knudson In AGARD Image Storage and Transmission
Systems for the Dissemination of Inform Feb 1972 9 p rate
low-frequency and very-low-efiequency propagation). and the
genereal effects of vehicie dynamics on system implementation. Sponsored in part by NSF (See N72-22168 13-08)
Avail NTIS
The application of the modern sirborne digital computer to radio
navigation signal processing tellk such as signal acquisition and A system as described which was designed to provide
signal tracking is described for both loran C/D and Omega. using remote access to 90.000 paoes o' microfilm storage It is pan of
advanced radio navigation sensor design approaches as a beas. a computer-oriented model liorary for conducting user experimeitz
The more common application of computers to the task of with two types of library retrieval, one provides access to zhe
convening from hyperbolic radio coordinates to geoolgraphic computer-stored catalog data for a group of selected documents
coordinates of latitude and longitude. and from these to UTM and the second provides access to the microfilmed text of those
nor'hnrg and selting, is treated. and the problems entailed in documents The txt-access system automatically retrieves, scans.
correcting these geographic coordinates for variations in radio and transmits requested pages to remote display terminals
propagation are also addressed Simplified techniques for utilizing a wideband transmission network The current system
application of hyperbolic radio navigation dote 1o guidance employs two types of -mage-storage devices a direct-view
funictions are discussed Finally. the implicaton- of loran C/D storage tube and a photographic camera. The microfilm images
and Omega processing tasks toward establishment of efficient era scanned by a flying-spot scanner, and the scan-line density
architecture for airborne computers, are discussed. &"d shon and sweep rates are varied to accommodate the limitations
tal~es of desired instructions insred iir rder ul irriportie are imposed by the different display twrminals A single ctaxrel ca•.e
presented Author path lihnk the terminals tO each other and to the central
scanning station Videoa signals are preceded by encoded digital
messages containing terminal address and commands for

N72-21226# TRW Systems Group. Redondo Beach. Calif controlling terminal functions A combined catalog/text terminal
Guidance and Navigation Lab was developed which displays either the digitally-encoded catalog
COMPUTERS FOR SATELLITE BASED NAVIGATION AND data or the text video signal on the some cathode-ory tube The
GUIDANCE SYSTEMS teil display electronics were added to a commercially available
T L Rodrck and T I Fine In AGARO Computers in the computer terminal utilizing a storage-lube display to provide
Guidance and Control of Aerospace Vehicles Feb 1972 access to both catalog and text from a single terminal Author
p 229-245 refs See N72-21211 12-08,
Avail NTIS
The considerations involved in selecting a computer for an N72-22170# Internationals DOokumentationsgesellschafr fieor
eirbome navigation satellite user are examined The software s Ciemie m b H . Frankfurt am Main (West Germany)
described which will be used by navigation satellite 1-101 and COMPUTER AIDED INPUT OF GRAPHIC INFORMATION
which determines the users computer requirements The BY KEYBOARDING UNDER VISUAL CONTROL OF
navigation satelOe systems which are treated, are ranging or DISPLAY AS APPLIED TO CHEMICAL STRUCTURES
range difforoncing systems in which the user is passive (does not Hans-Stefan Neubert In AGARD Iniage Storage and Transmission
transmit to the satellite). The software is iLecribed in modular Systems for the Dissemination of Inform Feb 1972 6 r, ISee
fashion to illustrate how a variety of user need3 can be satisfied N72-22168 13-08)
"by different combinations of the same modular cornponents A Avail NTIS
description of the Kalman filter design considerations for a A method is described, using computer supported keyboards
combined navigation salell,,.-/inertial system is included whi.h with graphic displays. fo, processing and storing structural
"shows how computer speed end memory requirements depend formulae of chemical co.-•pounds By keyboarding the formula
upon the filter state vector size Author the graphic information i ý stored and the figure appears on the
{ 158

scresien wheres c
can be verified visually and if neceasary the
input can be corrected. The proposed computer configuration
08 COMPUTERS

Mar 1973 99 p refs In ENGLISh partly in FRENCH Presented

at the 25th Meeting of the AGARD Tech Inform Panel. Ankara.
allows the simultaneous input from 16 terminals. Author 23-24 Oct 1972
iAGARD-CP-117) Avail NTIS HC$700
The initiation and gtuw'h of small data centers and the
N72-22171# National Physical Lab.. Teddinglon (England) problems of -ranging them are summar:zed Various forms and
Information Systems Branch levels of irformationr transfer to industry, from analysis and
PACKET-SWITCHING NETWORK dissemination of sumrmary reviews through v Sits to industry by
D. L A. Barber In AGARD Image Storage and Tranamisioni technical information liaison personnel. to larger-scale nation wide
S•stema for the Dissamination of Inform Feb. 1972 12 p dissemination to all interested firms are discus.ted For individual
refe (See N72-22168 13-08) titles. see N73-24202 through N73-24212
Avail NTIS
High Wpeed store-and-forward packet-switching techniquee N73-24202 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
are proposed as an alternative to the use of the public telephone Development, Paris (France)
network by remote access computing systems. The type of traffic INTRODUCTORY PAPERS: THE PRESENT STATE OF
gienarated when computer systems react with human beings and INFORMATION ACTIVITIES IN TURKEY AND FUYURE
wjth J0h other is examined, and it is shown why the use of the TRENDS
telephone network has drawbacks Packet-switching is Kismet Burian IScientific aid! Technical Research Council of
demonstrated to be wore appropnote lor handing sLoch traffic. Turkey) In its Governmental Assistance for Tech Inform in
and some existing and projected packet-switching schemes are Ind and Simple Mechanization for Small Inform Centres Mar
described The effect these schemes may have on the 1973 4 p iFor availability see N73-24201 15 08)
development of future computing systems is considered. both in The state of the art of Turkeys information activities, as
respect of computer and terminal development Authc7 related to facsilie, and organizations of existing systems. are
reported Data - - i;.-o given on TURDOK s role in designing a
national inform, r, -'ansfer system or network of systems to
promote more effec.,,n and efficient execution of the national
N72-22172# Philco-Ford Corp . Willowgrove. Pa system E H W
PHOTOTRANSMISSION AND VIDEO STORAGE
Richard Schephorst In AGARD Image Storage and Transmission N73-242C3 SACLANf ASW Research Center La Spez.a Mitaly)
Systems for the Dissenmination of Inform. Feb 1972 12 p ESTABLISHING SMALL INFORMATION CENTRES IN
refs !See N72-22 168 13-08) INDUSTRY
Avail NTIS ..;ohn P Bethell In AGARD Governmental Assistance for Tech
Four idvanced digital visual communication systeilms for Inform in Ind and Simple Mechanizatior for Small Inform Centres
t-ansmitting animated television, single frame television, and Mar 1973 7 p refs iFor avdilability see N73-24201 15-087
facsimile are descnbed in detail. The utilization of a video disc The function of a small information center in mediating
recorder for efficient storage of television images is discussed in between its community and the wider information network is
applicatiL-n to the single frame TV system The Digitel System explained, using the analog., of small medical centers The
designed for transmission over widebend circurts at 40 million differences between the ,nforn.aton requirements of industry and
bits/second provides high quality- fully animated color television those of science are empnasized and the desirabiiity of clearly
service. The frame-to-frame Delta coding system operates at 16 evaluating an industry s need for information before establishing
million bits/second for digital transmission over conventional 5 an information center is ,ndicaled Some of the specific dut:es
MHz video circuits. The Vidicoder System stores TV pictures on of an industrial information center are described and it is stressed
a video disc recorder end provides for the digital transmission of that these can now be most effi:,ently performed by requiring
a TV frame from one storage device to another up to I million that the sen-or staff of the center have a broad education in
bits/second The Fasifax is a fac-simle equipment which digitally inf. mation and is applications It is recommeiided that the
traimirts bilack/white and gray scale photographs over any aitiruoz of the center s staff and its organizational and physical
communiction channel up to 50 mil~on bits/second The four location should be such as to maximize the center s orientation
syltems employ different picture coding and data compression towprds its users Manadement is warn,:" that some time must
techniques D)IGITEL employs two-bit Differential PCM. the alopes before an information canter •ecomes fully effective
Frame-to-Frame Delta System transmits brightness changes Author
relative to a stored referentc, picture: the VIDICODER utilizes run
length coding and bit plane coding. and the FASTFAX equipment N73-d.4,t.)4 Royal A..,crafl Establhrhment Farnborough (Eglarnd)
amploys run length coding and zero order interpolation prncessing LIBRARY ANC INFORMATION SERVICE, AT THE ROYAL
The retflsie performance and compression factors of these AIRCRAFT ESTABLISHMENT. SOME PROBLEMS AND
coding techniques are analyzed Author THEIR PRESENT SOLUTIONS
q C Wright In AGARD Governmental Assistance for Tech
Inform in Ind and Simple Mechanization for Small Inform Centres
Mar 1973 17 p tFor availability see N73-24201 15-08I
N72-22173# British Oerseaes Airways Corp, London (Englanvd) Methods used to provide library and information services
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER OUTPUT more particularly information from books and journalsl in a large
ON MICROFILM FOR A COMMERCIAL APPULCATION aearCh establishment (the services themselves being described
B S. Harris In AGARD Image Sturage and Transmission rin the Appendix) are Outlined Problems encountered in such an

N72-22168 13-OS) endeavor and present solutions to some of them are discussed
Author
Avail NTIS
The computer/communications structure m a well-dispersed
international organization are outlined, and a specific examination
is made of the computer output to microfilm technique The N73-2420S Ministry of Education atci Sciencas.Documenta-,,
equipment used is described, principles of operation examined. Department. The Hague iNotherlandl)
en• current end future applications discussed Author TRAINING OF PERSONNEL TO MAN THE VARIOUS PARTS
OF AN INFORMATION CENTRE AND TO OPERATE
VARIOUS KINIDS OF SERVICE
N73-24201N AOvsory Go ~p
fui, Ae-usv R a,, -; andVI W F DeRs " !r! AGARD Gove "nf-enig'Ast-sstnce f 0, TNCh
Development Paris tFrance) Inform in Ind and Simpie Mechanization fo- Small Inform Centres
GOVERNMENTAL ASSISTANCE FOR TECHNICAL INFOR- Mar 1972 ' r iFor availability see ;,73-24201 15-081
MATION IN INDUSTRY AND SIMPLE MECHANIZATION The problems -- i" pr,mrBa aims of training personnel or staff
FOR SMALL INFORMATION CENTRES for an inform- inter are outlined EdLcatonal obiectives
 08 COMPUTERS 159

J1are are formulated by which the sum total of attitudes. kntowledge.

and skills acquired by such personnel are defined. These Objectives
also used to develop a suitable curriculum
N73-24206 Rome Air Development Center. Griffis* AF6. N Y
MICROPORMS: PRESENT ECONOMICS AND FUTURE USE
Fred S. Dyer In AGARD Governmental Assistance for Tech
Author
PrOvrdes ot a-page leaflets describing now materials, processes.
techniques. itc . to individuals who have aipiressed an interest
int the eubtac covered
are describec in detailThetoproduction

IN73-24211
anid distribution of Tochlinko
the systemn can be used for the
dissemination -)f various types of information

National Research Council of Canada. Ottawa

Author

Inform in Ind end Simple Mechanization for Small Inform Contras rOnterroi
* ~~Mar 1973 6 p refs (For availability see N73-24201 16-08) NOMTO XESO SERVICES FOR INDUSTRY
Basic microformli end their integration with machinre 4Gerard Kirouac Ir AGARD Governmental Assistance for Tech
procesaing to achieve highly versatile information systemsa are Intform in Ind and t mple Mechanization for Small Inform Centres
analyzed Costs and future use of lhe integrated system are Mar 1973 4 p (,or availability see N73-24201 15-0e)
Technical Information Service of the NRCC Data emphasize the
N73-24207 Zentralstelle fuer Maschinelle Dolkurnentation [ZM Dl. vital part of the blrarsn engineer in transferring technological
*Frankfurt iWest Germany, information to nmi o air cl nutytruhthree
PROBLEMS OF DATA RECORDING AND DATA IirITER- sections of this service the equity and answer division, the
r.CHANGE industrial engineering gro ip and the tochnoilogical development
Ruediger 6ainhardl /M AGARO Governmental Assistance for program Improvements to- the benefit of countries interested -ni
Tesch Inform in Ind and Simple Mechanization for Smell Inform this approach are suggeste~l Author
Centres Mnr 1973 6 p refs lFor availability see N73-24201
*15-08) N73-242120 National Aertnautics and Space AdmiunistrationI
Different data recording machines -dI*ii, tirn*. iii A-:: .. Ccn!ý. Mcff.. Fme~d C:!ft
characters are outrined Necessities and possibilities of structurin g THE DEVELOPMENT AND U*.E OF A MODERN DATA BANK
data are pointed out Methods of checking and cl-aning inrcorract Dudley G McConnell In AGAFO Governmental Assistance for
*data are also meotioned One of the pciSibilrties of reducing Tech Inform in Ind and Simple rilechanization for Small Inform,
the costs of data processing is the utilization of dale interchange Centres Pia 1973 8 p) For availability see N73-24201
Requirements concerning hardware and softv'sre for using 15-001
interchange format$ are explained Author CSCL 098
The modern date bank amphasi~es iir,,aedrate access by a
N73-24208 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and User community which may be laire in number. widespread.
Development. Paris (France) and having varied needs Electronic conputers have been found
INPUT SYSTEMS AND RESEARCH FOR SMALL DOCUMEN, very useful in the processing of ito-so info.mation The key to
TARY CENTEPS (SYSTEMIES O-ENTREES ET DE REZHER. the design of a data bank is the ciptimumn ruEi of human intellectual
CHES POUR C-ES CENTRES OOCUMENTAIRES DE FAuBLt effort and mechanized processing The tiaments of the NASA I
r 1~ Mt.VENN11. IMPORTANCE) data bank are presented as one approachi .- theo many tracoe-o"
J Kloop (I-EDJ-CARr Paris) /It as Governmental Assistance lot .
decisions involved in tha development 01 a data tnk arnd
Tech Infori . in Ind and Simple Mechanization for Small Inform integrated information system Author
Centres Mar 1973 24 p refs in FRENCH iFor availability
see N73-24201 15-081
Operating principles and types of data research centers are 1\t. 4 16925a Advisory Group for Aeiostace Resealrch and

discussed Oata cover input systems, research format, data storage. Development Paris IFrancel
automatic and mechanical research. and system classification NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN STORAGE. RIETVIEVAL AND
Transl by E H W DISSEMINATION OF AEROSPACE INI-ORMAT,ON
Dec 1973 107 v rets
N73-24209 Defence Scientific information Service. Ottawa AGARD Tech Infoim Paiiel Presented at 26t1, Mei~iinq of the
London 2 3 Oct 1973
(Ontario) (AGARD Ce 136) Avail NTIS H-C56 50
PRESENTING A DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR APPROVAL The state of the ar in computerized processincq Of aerospace
A C Jones In AGARD Governmental Assistance for Tech information is examined emprhasizing mechanization a-velop)
Inform, in Ind.ariC Simple Mechanization for Small Inform Cor-tres rnenis with both large and minincomnputeis and in reoioiiO~t3hics.
!rar 1973 5 p refs (For availability se* N73-24201 15-08) For individual titles see N74 16926 Through N74 16939
The ;rrpact a! varroýs ways of preseritrng proposals for
creating and developing a new information facility on higher N74. 16926 Kingsron Upon Hull Crc -Libraries Hurll iErqilandl)
managemient ore reviewed Some of the difficulties of establishing A COMPUTER PRODUCED KEYWORD INDEXING SYSTEM
and presentling Lear needs areoexplored, and an analogy is offerert FOR TECHNICAL REPORTS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE
on surveying of commodity marketing and salesmanship Careful AIRCRArT RESEARCH ASSOCIATION LIMITED
tailoring was made to the proposal to suit the management Christopher Barnett I,, AGARD New Develop ini Storagte
functions and fac~litate evaluation Suggestions are made on Retnieyai and Dissemiratron of Aerospace info in Dec 1973
oblective facility dlaselotrment end proposal merits Author 7 p refs iFoi avarlabrilit ee N74 1692", 08 08-

N73-24210 Defence Research Information Cetirtr. Orpington for report material arcquired by the ARA lrb-ai\ i desc~ihed

TALRDASRCSAND TECHNICAL DIGESTS' A references are used 1o produce a mointhly aircess-ir t~sr and

cue
S nAADGovernmental Assistance for Tech supplied riarinally, rsiny a specially con~structed the~auris,
i In an SipleMe:heni. ation for Small Inform Contres
Infom LhO
Mar 973 p ~fs For&vaIlbi.Iv see N73-24201 15-081
treifrainservices are deicrit~ed. each arming to N74 16927 Defence Sc-eritiic tnfonxrtoi, Sr--i!i Orraiva
gieadg~oo elciiyin order 10 roeuce the total amount lOntatioi Pirocessinirj and Prrtlisrrilrr Div
omaeilauemutscan in order to )btain the information A MINI COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM
of ue
t himTheservices are 6) the lEE Tailored Abstracts RAMio , G!0 NwDvlt n5o;-Rvca
J s)wihpoiisections of the comprehensive lEE Abstracts and Dissemination or Aerospace irrfprni ;9. 5 7 p *li,-
junlfaseaaebullotins. ibI A enld D Report Announcements ana-labilrry see N74- 16925 08 CS,
isudbh KDITCto give soeactive subject coverage in An auroirrared *'irai.svsteri -s dcj. ,ber' traseidi
fuseaaelifiderived from the comnprehprarve A and D twO ro-,ti one of wshichir sired lu idata ic,,l arid
ora.a d(c
Ibtat the DTI Tachlrnk astrvrce which th- -rner to. ria~rriairo lhe raiase- flev airt l~~c-. ataioqire
 1650 08B COMPUTERS

cards. COM cartridges. KWOC ir~dexes indexed document digests N74- 16933 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
arid SDI notices This Production is more economical than an Development. Paris (Fraricel
earlier System using a larger Computer Author REMOTE TRANSMISSION AND AUTOMATED RETRIEVAL

N74 16928 European Space Racearch Ci1janization. Panis R Bir~eit lHatfield Poiytechriic EnglarirJ: /o its New Doe~elop
(Franca)l in Storage. Retrieval and Dissemination of Aerospace inform
AEROSPACE !NFORMATION SERVICES: PROGRESS WITH Dec 1973 7 p (For avarialbility see N74* 16925 08 08)
THE ESRO ELDO COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION NET. Actual developments which have taken place in the field of
WORK automatic retrieval and remote display of full text inforrmationr
N E C Isoitta in AGARD Nevi Develop in Storage fifetrreva: held in microform stores and prospects for future developments
and Dissemination of Aerospace inform Dec 1973 15 p are discussed A feasibility study of remote access systems
sells (For availabilrty sne N74 16925 08-08) considers (1) information bank and storage medium, including
The space documentation service is a joint organization of the salector mechanism -(2 i terminal equipment including
ESRO and ELDO Descrrbcrd is the present system in operation. technical and user acceptability aspects. (3 transmission Sslsem
the files available and propsosed and probable short term and (4) overall systemi economics Although the Primary interest
developments within the nest year ard the possible future The in this study is library automation, the techniquies considered
present network is regarded as the forerunner of a completelyr are equally applicable t0 other auto~matic retrieval and remote
distributed network with auxiliary and main nodes at strategic display fields Autho'
centers having a number of different minicomputer possibililiGeG
N74- 16934 Naval Weapons Lab Dahlgr-!ri Va Techlnical
N 741699
forScrntiic
Ofic nd echncalInfrmaionInfornialion, Div
L4ond9n
(England n ecnclifomto RETRetii
IEVAL OF MICROFICHE RANDOM ACCESS
Londo (Engand)Cathryn C Lyon In AGARD New Develop in Storage Retrieval
THE ROLE OF OSTI trJ INFORMATION RESEARCH AND and Dissemination of Aerospace Inform Dec 19?3 7 p lFor
John Gray In AGARD Ne eeo nSoaeRlrvladavailability see N74- 16925 08 08)
Disseminatio
ofArsa everlorp Dec 1973ag 3erea pano Three sizes uf microfiche retrieval systems are discussed
avaseiabiity see 16925 08c 09381
Aeropac r i small medium and large that give random access to microfiche
Thef O~l
ontibuion0 inormtonreserchandusually set up for retrieval of microfilm This paper describes
development in the 1,K over 8 ,2 years -if existence is assessed these systems and suggests, indexing nielliods anid index formal
It is divided into four main seclions - mechanized information for use vwith them It is intended to stimulate thinking about
systems rilfotmation analysis centers. and general research and
apiain htaeaatbet h edr olcin
management researchr including litrary automation' in eachaplctosttaradtblr
heedrscletin
scc!cr. M azcmp' ;ý radpAutho:
stimulating and supporting research and the principles that N463 ees ouetto ei- lxnraV
guide support A concluding section deals brirefly with Suopont A7-63 SYSTEM FORtetao
DeCRenseI SMALL3,USER
of research ml Aslib arid vith the reviews of reýsearch in selectedA iRFCES TMFO SALUES
fields that OSTI has recently launched Author H-ubert E Sauter cr, AGARD New Develop in Sto'age Retrieval
and Dissemination of Aenospace Inform Dec 1973 11 p
N74 693 Asociaionof
pecal Loraresand nfonraionrefs 'Fo- availability see N74- 16925 08-08)
N74 693 Asocitionof
pecal icianesandInfrmaionMicrofiche
are Particularly well suited to the reproduction
Burcaus London 'England- ONMCHNMAssemrnation
CURRENT ALSRESEARCH O storage and retrieval of documents or records
e C Vickery fir AGARD New DevelopEHNS
in Stcr(aqe Retrieval particularly those of 20 98Bpages Since fiche are flat microforms
and Dissemination of Aerospace inform Dec týr?3 2 p) rats they are easily retrieved and can be itirickly duplicated for marling
IFor availability see N74 16925 08-081
Aengoverr
At, oftherane
veriewis iveo meliaizaiontu~esa
ie uw is gie no f,the rangeiit of me cir niaro n sel" 03 e
or reference One 0f the major advantages of the microfiche is
possible savinqs of 70 peri-erit o mcre in acquisition costs -
w hen a doc tirn errt1 is ava ilab fe ;n both microfiche a rid paper
bein cariedoutto
nploir he ossiiliy o prouciirfaei~so~rnlorm Another advantage is the elimination ici documrmnt storage
science abstracts by corrilir!er Apart toorn. statisrcar con,;ulai-oni piroblems. since low cost copies of miciclicChe Can be pioducadI
Computerized simsI.?-'sn of clerical rcsrit, r-blar-es atarisito eadI ay
studied The use of machine readable reroirii. it) rr~etiivr airtaypito.dmadI
iurostems infcn
aysta nsIcms infcn
index for optical Searching and dlata process- c; is erirp.rasziet adtVdl-tde is h e savings oil time and c,,sls for Packaging snppn
C siorinq and retrieving documents Thre eqiipment for ilusr
GC for dublicaling microfiche copies s qoils?
N74 16931 Transocrates Ltd Lo-.jon iEn"I"rdI inexpensive when
comparedl to the c-osr of roll trilm machines Microfiche readers
EDUCATION AND TECHNICL TRAININ~G FOR TECHNICAL arid reader P rinltes are also consileiabtv less expensive The
INFORMATION ecorronries achieved are pirimarily due ro simple dlesigns. containing
Felix Liebesny /cr A(7.iýr.D New Develop in Storarte Reirrivail few movinig Panis or motors Author
and Disseminatin-. of Aerospace Inforrm Dec 1973 3 p efs
To-ien and techiclinngformaition ii the Unitedj Kingriom
ucific na N74 16936 GEC Marconi Electronics Li-I Chelmsford rEfrgiarrdl
(For sjarilcandy techia infor692at080 workers jrrd nbfaraiiars Research Labs UL AICETR NL
ore outlined v~ith reference to the various levels oprfsinlACOPTR ON OLAIEU R, H EMNL
attainment The need for the hrair.rig of reaches% in thiese F Duerderi Ir AGARD New Develop .rrSnrg Retrieval
disciplines is stressed and some inen~ronis r5imade of for:ecas, and Disserminiation of Aerospace Inform Dec 1073 / p iFr,
studies *n suptly and demand of inlurmatroir workers iii Ine 2varlatrilily See N74 16925 08 08)
United Kingdom and the COECD countnries Autlhor The Autorrated Mrcfcolorm Teimnind-is a hardware cor.ribulron
to, the tproblern of cost eflecriveness in coripuler aided learning
N74* 16932 Greater London C~uricilTilrd :)ul I he resultant specification was foundi to meet a need in
MICROFILM AND REPROGRAPHIC SYSTEML, A STATE information retrieval wharever the retrireval is from a large isay
OF THE ART REVIEW ~00 0 r") viwu to ,il,iri ci. :.l~ lliarge
Thomas J Morgan In AGARD New Develop in Storage Retrieval base via a computer Searched lrircex structure where a last
and Disseminatcion ef Aerospace rinforrm Dec -.973 5 I, For response is required nL,a specific enquiry The terminal exploits
availability see N74 16925 OB0808 the high storage densily handleabilit-r aid row copy cost of
A review of the reaproglaphic equripment arid systenms is 149 mnm x 105, mm larnirateni ulitraiche iX 15)0 magnification)
presented that covers photocomposing systems r:ornpuler Ojitput It has adeqluate precision to select arid display any one out of
micrcofilming m.croform retrieval and d splay systerils phroto 6000 individually addressable AS pages from one fiche in) 3 to
copiers and offset Wrho di )Iicatinq Author t 7 seconds under digital control either from computer or
08 COMPUTERS 161

keyboard The addition of a small magazine or cassette under elaboration. complexity or cost In this sense a streamlining anri
development. with automatic fiche selection and capacity for avoidance of duplication. innecessarily elaborate gadgets etc.
1/4 million pages. makes the system capacity virtually open may be advantageous Author
ended Author

N74-16937 European Atomic Energy Community. Luxem-

bourg
A9IrRACTS ON MICROFICHE FOR ON-LINE RETRIEVAL
Carl 0 Vernimb In AGARO New Develop in Storage. Retrieval
and Dissemination of Aerospace Inform Dec 1973 13 p
(For availability see N74-16925 38-08)
A short description of the characteristics of the European
nuclear documentation servtic is given sources of information.
structure of the thesaurus. file organization, retrieval strategy.
system performance. and user behavior Three recent develop-
ments are described (I) Installation of a terminal for system/user
dialog, direct access to part of the data base (200 000 documents)
allows for query adjustment by evaluating the relevance of titles
presented on the screen. the adjusted query formulation is applied
to the total data base of 1 3 million documents. 12) installation
of a incrofliche reader-pftnter with a capacity of close tc
300.000 abstrccts. the abstr3cts are presented on a ground-glass
screen within 4 seconds atter keying in the corresponding reference
numbers: and (3) introduction of a relevance feedback routine
relevance decisions gathered when adlusting the query formulation
are fed beck into .he computer together with the adjusted query.
the descriptors are weighted arcordlng to their occurrence in
relevant and irrelevant documents. the documents are ranked

according to the sum of weights of their descriptors and printed

out in order el decreasing probability Author

N74-16938 Mullard Research Labs . Salfords (England)

A RESEARCH WORKER'S VIEW ON THE FUTURE OF
AUTOMATIC READING MACHINES
J A Weaver In AGARD New Develop in Storage. Retrieval
and Dissemination of Aerospace Inform Dec 1973 8 p refs
(For avaitability see N74-16925 08-08)
A general account of the ustification for the use of
automatic reading machines in a commercial data processing
environment is presented A broad outhine of the tasks of the
component parts of a reading system is given, together with an
indication of how modern reading machines are being made
more cost effective than their predecessors A section is included
on the recognition of handprrnted material Future techniques
which may increase the capability of reading machines whilst
maintaining the current trend towards reducing size and cost
are considered optical character recognition has been in existence
for several years - at a price It will become very widely used
over the next few years as prices fall and data processing managers
realuLe how to .se the e OfictivO 'r' Au!hor

N 74-16939 Hawker S ddeley Aviation. Ltd . Kingston upon

Thames (England)
ALL CHANGE FOR AERONAUTICS
John E Allen fn AGARD New Develop in Storage. Retrieval
and Dissemination of Aerospace Inform Dec 1973 5 p (For
evailb.1i0t see N74- 16925 08-08)
The continuing patterns of changes in design. methods.
sublects. fashion and major frameworks of reference ,,eve not
only increased the volume 0f aerospace information but its

complexity The information world has responded to this by

evolving more and .'nre sophisticated indexing languages.
thesaurus classification and automated retrieval However. there
is no consensus of opinion of a best way to proceed zrnd as
timx iOt- nn and first and second generation automatic systems
come into use it will oe rci.'eL*%inovy difficult to introduce later
methods because of the large capital repinc .-,^nt cost involved t
in such major changes Costs of complex inftrrmalion sys•..rn.-
may become an unacceptable propotlion of orqanisahtonal ectirtV
Moreover such complexity and the existence of automatic systems
may make too large demands on staff time. leaving less for
consideration of the library/user interface Often. in aircraft design
there are similer tendencies advanced technology may give
somewhat better aircraft but often only at the expense of more
cpst complexity unrelabdlty etc Good aeroplanes result from
good design which is a it'ctc discipline in avo-ding unnecessary
 Preceding page b!srk ,

09 ELECrRONIC EQUIPMENT e g3

09 ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Includs electrOolIc tast equipment atid manTainabdilty.
component parts. eg. electtOn tubeS. tunnel diodes.
tranSistors. integiatet circuit!", microminiaturization For
basiC research sou 10 EIoctronics For related information
see also 07 Communicatio'. and 21 Navigation

No abstract in thi; subject category

I4

Ii

it

I :
,0ELECT.ONICS Preceding page blank 16

James G Smith In AGARD Computer Aided .)eaagn for Electron

Circuits Oct 1973 11 p refs IFor evaileokilhtV a" N74-13904
10 ELECTRONICS
056-10)
system
and control theory Informaltion is presented to show that an integrated
Includes
For applications see 09 and
circuit theory. feedback
Electrornc Equipment For eelnted
of design aids raises like vel of exsit n assurance attd ihburtey
information see specific PhysiLs categories improves reliability Topos of discussion include (I) reliability
at the expense of design complexity. (2) pertinent a•ttibutes of
the computer. 13) stendard cell automation. 14l the standard
cell library. (5) computer aided circuit design. (6) loic simulation
and test generation. (7) computer aided printed circuit board
N74-13906# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and de0ign, end (SI backplane wirng design automation 0 LG
Paris lFrance)
Development.
COMPUTER
Oct 1973 456 AIDED
p DESIGN
refs FOR ELECTRONIC
Presented CIRC;JITS
at 25th Tech Meeting on N74-13911 Technical Univ of Denmark. Lynglby
Othe 19ioni3s 45nelpf rf. Prsnted atD2thenmah. M n oy COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN FOR MAXIMUM PRODUCTION
the Avionics Panel of AGAR1. Lyngby. Denmark. 21.25 May YIELD OR MAXIMUM RELIABILITY
1973 P W Becker and F Jensen (Storno A; S. Copenhagen. Denmark)
IAGARD-CP-130) Avail NTIS HC S25 00 It' AGARD Compute' Aided Design for Electron CircuitS Oct
1973 14 p refs (For av1eahide ty see N74-13908 0.5-10i
Conference papers are presented under the following
The use of computeraided design" demonstrated as a
headings (1) reliability. (2) modeling. (3) microwave. (4) analog.
titles. see N74-13907
I5) digital and (61 layout For individual
means of optimizing electronic circuit or system production yield.
or. ultimately. drilt rei-ablity A mathematical model for the yield
or drift reliahility is intrcjduced. and methods for numerical
N74-139F07 Technical Unli of Denmark. Lyngby .nstitute of evaluation hereof are brief;y reviewed The unhappy task of

CircuIt Theory and Telecommunication assembling pertinent component data for the rompulations is
THE TEACHING OF CACA IN DENMARK als to uched upon Various optimization techniques suitable foi
Erik IUndrg In AGAqD Computer Aided Design for Election the pfoblem at hand are next commented upon, and finally the
Circuits Oct 1973 9 p refs (For availacoil? %ee N74-1,3906 theory is put into use by optimizing tte yield of two :rslisistor
05-10) circuits The results and implications of the oplirffr.aton a•e
Computer aided circuit analysis iCACA) is a central discipline discussed Author
in the area of computer amdee design of electronic crcuuis fCAreDEC)
Since 196•9 10 courses in CACA have teen offered and attended
by about 190 persons Nev~nthejless it has turned out that N74-13912 Eloctronique Marcel Dassault. St Cloud 1Frsnctl
apparently ,t is very difficult to introduce CACA in the industry CoJmi-,TER AIDED DaESIGN CONCEPTS [LA CONCEPTION
The Implementation and use sri, considered. of a common DIE PROJJET ASSISTEE PAR ORDINATEURJ
iJ P 'vedei ,, AGARD •.umpu,,, A,•deu Design for E'iertron
sccersolloe library co,ilaining a !tum ble r uf p-'giam s for " nretei
circuit analysis Two programs. ANP3 and NAP2. for hneer and Circuits Oct 1973 9 p In FRENCH (For availability see
nonlinear systems analysis. respectively. are rtvwiwed in brief N74- 13906 05-10
Author A communication is presented on the use of comouter
ccncepts to aid in determining the relh.,bilriy end costs Of

Computer Aided Design Centre. Cambridge developing materials The availability of the material wits also
N74-13908
IfEngland) considered Tians: by E H W
ECONOMICS OF CAO: A NEW APPROACH
A I Usewe!yn and G C Freeman In AGARD Computer Aided N74-13913 Louvain Univ 8ielgium)
Design ffr Electron Circuits Oct 1973 10p refs (For availability THE USE OF THE TRANSISTOR SIMULATION PROGRAM
see N74-13906 05-10) SITCAP FOR STATISTICAL MODELING OF BIPOLAR
Th- ::-.,,mrcs of CAD is dependent on the degree to which TRANSISTORS
comrnonalittes can be recognsied over z wide application front H Deman R Martin. and H Grevens In AGARD Computer
and embldied Into common interactive software and a flexible Aided Design for Electron Circuits Oct 1973 1 1 p rels (For

computer system The CAr) Centre has worked closely with availability see N74 13906 05.10)
Industry over the whol. engineering front in order to identify The program SITCAP is a simu.ator of bipolar transistors
5,,ch comrn1ona!!!!es. w,!!-! tm! !he salme !rme keyr!rg!!. development for computer aided circuit analysis The main features of the
to industrial needs and orc.r;Z.ng ,n a commercial environment program ate its simple input output structure and the new emitter
where the economics of CAD is always in tne forefront The model which ,s included in I rhe main aspects of the program
Centres function and facilities and its method of operation are are described aid examples are given of the application of the
described The economic advantages to be gained from the use program for sludivng the statistical properties of bipolar transistors
of a common sy'tem developed through exper.ence gain4, by It I,. derronstralfd that in most cases the Gummel number must

rAuthnor
multi.organization mult,-discipline working are discussed t 1 taken as statistical variable. beca ise the mos! important model
parameters are correlated with it Autho'

W74-13909 Admiralty Suiface Weapons Establishnent.

Portsmouth (England, N74-13914 Norgts Tekniske Hoegskole Trondheim
RELIABILITY RELATED TO COMPUTER AIDED CIRCUIT TRANSISTOR EQUiVALENTS
DESIGN A USER'S VIEW 0 G Klaerstad In AGARD Computer ".ided Design for Electron
N A Walter anJ A A Kaposi In AGARD Co)mputer Aided Circuits Oct 1973 12 p refs (For availaAirly see N74 13906
Design for Electron Circuits Oct 1973 10 p (For avalability 05.10
sei N74 13906 05-101 A method is presented to find the linear equivalent circuits
The problems of using computer aided circuit design in the of operational amplifiers and bipolar transistors The method is
rolikbilhty field are discussed arid some of the possible reasons general and thp same method car, be used to liru the equivalent
for the low utilization of computer aideo circuit design are given circuits of other components The method is based Upon using
A method of simulating system reliability using :,.mputer aided a CAD-program to minimize an error f,'nclion by varying the
T
circuit design type programs. iS discussed and detanls given of component values of an equivalent circuit he ereo. function Is
such a method Author derived from the difference between the computed response of
the component for example a transistor and the known response
N74-13910 Radio Corp of Amehca Moorestown. N J The known response can be the measured frequency response
Government and Commtercial Systems Div or derived from the maoiufacturer s data The results of two
RELIABILITY AND COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN projects are pieserited which include (1) operational amplifier
 18d 10 ELECTRONI CS

equivalent below 5 MHz. and 42) bipolar transistor equivalent from the circuit layoutr. and a data bank in which the measured
below 3u MHz A project to find the equivalent circuit at higher properties of special MIC components fag transmission line
frequencies is outlined Author discontinuities. lumped elements' are stored Author

N74-13915 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and N74.13919 Bell-Northern Research Ltd Ottawa (Ontario)
Davelopment. Paris lFrancef A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ANALYZING WAVEGUICE
AN OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE TO CALCULATE BIPOLAR STRUCTURES
TRANSISTOR PARAMETERS Chuang iy Wu and Wayne Johnson in AGARO Computer
Ronald J Covallo (Ellsworth AFS. South Dakota) in its Computer Aided Design for Election Circuits Oct 1973 11 p refs (F~or
Aided Design for Electron Circuits Oct 1973 12 p refs iFor availabilrty see N74- 13906 05-101
sweilability see N74 113906 05-10) A wavegurde structure analysis program was developed in
Prtesently, a severe problem exists in nonlinear network FORTRAN for implementation on an IBM 360.67 computer using
analysis Succ Inctly stated, this problem is that the measurement the CP/CMS time sharing system From an input of mechanical
of the nonlinear parameters of bipolar transistors is time- dimensions, equivalent circuits of waveguide obstacles are
consurn-.njl. difficult. and costly An iterative computer technique generated by using previously published theoretical and; or
is des -ibed for calculating these parameters using read~ly experimental results Assuming That no evanescent mode
measured date The technique uses a Iwo level optimization interaction occurs between obstacles an ABCD matrix manipitla-
process Initially it assumes an arbitrary set of values for the lion is used to determine the overall network electrical response
parameters It then calculates transistor currents based on these In addition, a classical waveguide filter design program tempera-
parameters and melisuied voltages The calculated and measured lure and mechanical stability tests and a tuning prccedure have
currents are then compared and appropriate ymdjustments are been provided io help solve day to day engineering problems
made in the parameters This process is repeated till calculated Good agreemenr was obtained between measured arid calculated
and measured values of transri~ror currents agree At this trme resuilis for wavequrde transformers and both bindpass and
the parameters are considered known Results are shown which banilstop filters The program is essentially a piece of powerful
demonstrate the validity and applicability of thre technique Also, design equipment with broadband capability and Provides the
several minor mtodificatrons are suggested ;o opitimize the dlesigrci; with instant tabulated performance information for
process for prooiuction use Author analysis Proper use of the program can save a considerable
amount of model shop work and experimental effort in designing
N74-13916 Elektronilrtcentral-rn Hoersholm iDenmarki various types of waveguide networks Author
LINEAR TRANSISTOR MOE ELS IN HfF NETWORK ANALY
SLS ADAPTION BETWtE;d MEASUREMENTS AND N74-13920 Seisr-zio Metenrologico Itairano Milarno
ANALYSIS BY COMPUTER COMPUTER OPTIMISATION OF MICROWAVE INTE
PSagerup Ini AGARD Computer Aided Design fo. Electron GRATED CIRCUITS DESIGN
Circuits Oct 1973 22 p refs lFor availability see N74 13906 S V Judd In AGARD Corriputer "ided Design for Election
G5S-101 Circuits Oct 1973 8 p rel (Fr availability see N74 t13906

data in linear analysis programs is easily overcome by means of The design and implementation of a numerical optimization
a simple mathem iticaf model This model can without difficuil-' prixedure are described suitabe for realizing practical designs
be made to covei at least one decade at frequencies up to of hybrid microwave integrated circuits Considerable attention

I 3H-z At the higher frequencies, the best representation of was given to achieving low runnirig costs in terms of computationI
the transistor is the S-matrix Therefore it is desirable to make time, in order to make the methods described economically
greatei use of analysi,; programs based entirely on toie S parameter viable Author
representation Author
N74-13921 Technrsche Hogeschool Delfh iNetherlandsi
N74-13917 -A iviscryr Group lor Aerospace Research arid Microwave Lab
Development Paris iFiance, DAP (DiSTRIBUTION ANALYSIS PROGRAM) A PROGRAM
kINIT TRANSiSTOR. MODEL OF BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR FOR THE ANALYSIS AND DFSIGN OF MICROWAVE
HAVING CC-NTINUOUS PARAMETERS AS THE GEO- CIRCUITS
M4ETRIC DIM :NSIONS [TRANSISTOR UNITE. MODELE DE Joseph L Taurrr fIn AGARD Coamputri Aided Design for Election
TRANSISTOI' SIPOLAIRE EN CONTINU AVANT COMMeE Circuits Oct 1973 23 p refs (For availability see N74 13906
PARAMETAIFS IFS DIMENSIONS GEOMETRIQUES DES 0-0
TRANSISTOI' S! DAP is aii easy tc - i.uiiPule' Piugiani faciii~tarig ine
P Leduc In ias Computer Aided Design for Electron Circuits analysis and design of micrtowave circuits employing lumped and
Oct 1973 14 p rets Ili FRENCH tFor availabiliy see N74 t13906 distributed elements At oresenl i: has been in general use for
05 tOi over Two years in the Microwave LaboratorY of the Delft Urrrve'sity
The 3ddit Sri of high revel injection to IBIS transistor model of Technology DAP utilizes a modified chain matrix analysis

and the elletI of such an- addition on continuous transistoi scheme coupled to an extensive repertoire 01 microwave elemer: -
functions are investigated The revised model Is applied to lie Lumped and distributed element,, such as resistors capacitors
determination Of Parameters to, two tiansistois A cornparison indlucltrs lossy transmission lines -both inlinie and stubm
was made oi the measured and calculated gaii arrd f-.1 icron of transformers, and aibitrarily specifiedi ABCO mr-atrices constitute
the collector circuit Tfansi by E 11W the normal circuit elements The progranm s versatility is enhanced
by the ease With which new, eleirien imodels riay be added tby
r the user The report includes air introduction to the mathematical
N74- 13911: Siemens A Gi Munich iWest Ciermanyi Central basIs of t he program with emphiasis orr -its more unuisual aspects
Teleomm italiinsLabsupplemented by a rnuniber of iesign examrines The c~eat-orr of
STATE OF ART AND FUTURE TRENDS OF COMPUTER- special purpose element types to facdiitae phase shifter t~ansistor
AIDED DESIGN OF MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIR amplelf-' and Diaam,-rirc aminilier ..- raysrs wre descr,-reri A
CUITS comparison Wits oihf-- presently avariatrle tr;riqram,- is made
Hans- Norbeit Toussaint arid Heianmut Hzftmarirr /11 AGAFID serving designers ini s-eveal Cairailian -ri-es Autho'
Computer Aidled Design for Electron Circuits Jan 1973 14 p
tFor availability yee N74- 13906 05 10! N74- 13922 Toui..%-ii 1-1'- 4-n-firi
[ne lutuj~e trend or M'( design will be to combine the MICROWAVE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS BY DIGITAL COM
Previously serrarate CAD branches into one CAD systemr Thne PUTER
hardware and soitiware corrnpier'ent of this sit"is desc~retC ilribed ACARO Crintriter AirleI rDs.qi- fr Electorn
The principal constituents of tire software are a _orrv-isor1r -. 1i :973 10 ief li Fu; ,vadalfatrty yeý N 74 i 3906
program whio ci rimits the network to he catiriateld itirecrly 0 r)
10 ELECTRONICS 167

The program ACLINE was conceivvij for the treatment in STRUCTURE ANC APPLICATION OF CCMPUTEA PRO-
thre frequency domain of the r-ýS ~seneral form of liear Active GRAM ICAN INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AC ANALYSIS
networks with lumped and drstributedl elements IstubS line. E M VarrdetOudera (Jn AGARD Computer Aided Design for
Coupled lines. circulators. eIC, The components of the network Electron Circuits Oct 1973 15 p ýefs lFor availability aa
may be described as blac. toxes chatracterried by S. f or Z N74 13906 05-10)
paramaters and stored in a lrbrary withr a code name it is also Thre compuzer program ICAN fIntegrated Circuit Analysis) is
possible to use subnetworkrs. that are. after treatment consirdered capable of calcula ig ac properties (sine' signal) of brpof~r
::,)cornventional black-boxmes Four types of controlled sources integrated crrccmts As input it needs technological data of the
avv~ the optrmum chorce of actrve devices equivalent crrcuits iC process geometrrcal date (from the lavoutl and nodal
A great number of results may be obtained Ir(nn- ACLINE including connrections DetailF are ginven of the Models vied To get an
all parameters or functions currently used to characterize lieat indincation of the accuracy of ICAN rt ins applined to a currant
networks performances in the frequency domain Sensitivities mode togic gate inn the frequency range 100 500 MHz Thre
computation ins made through two different methods For a result insa reasonable agreement wrth measurements To imnprove
chock over a great number of components a general meiho ins thins agreement use was made of a more accurate two dinmensinonal
used A simple step by-stap c'pt~mmzation process may then be transrstor model Author
applied over a small number of sensintivse parameters with a
faster method (I A M ) Sophinstincated mathematincat models of
mincrowave actinve devinces are also included inn the Program
(avalanche diode for example) Aurhor N74-113927 Societe o E~udes des Systemes dlAutomation Paris
IF ra Aceli
IMAG 2 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT SIMULATIONS
N74-13923 Laboratorre Central dle Rechetrches Thomson CSF Jean AmnoulId I P Srcot. and Clauide LeFaoiu !INPGI In AGARD
Orsay iFrancer Computer Ardlet Designg (or Electron Crrcurtsl Oct 1973 7 p
SYTHESIS OF PASSIVE FILTERS WITH INFINITE A7-TENUA rats IFor availability see N74- 13906 05 101
TION POINTS REALIZED WITH WEAK NOISE COMPO. IMAG 2 ins a simulation prog~ram of linear or non linear
NENTS APPLIED TO HIGH DEGREE CAUER FILTERS electronrc circuits It allows the computation of the circuits5
jSYNTHESE DE FILTRES Pa.SSIFS A POINTES D'AT-TENUA- response unrder various conditionsrie dc, a: and transinent analysis
TION INFINIES REALISILS AVEC DES COMPOSANTS A It also gives the sensintivity of one or several output variables
fAILSIES PERTES APPLICATION AUX FILTRES DE CAUER according to one or several circuit comporer-ts The program s
OE DEGRIE ELEVEI use is simple and inexpenrsrve because of the descrrption s
C Grrnenes Jr. AGARO Computer Aidect Designg for Electron languange and powerful calculation methods Author
Circuits Oct 1973 1 1 p refs in FRENCH iFo, availability
see N74- 13906 05 10)
Computer syrithesis of finlters as a funiction of attenuatron
frequency and transfer functron was discussed Ahle- determining N74- 13928 Rockwell international Corp Anahreimr Calif
t
these uc:!1o-s -~e -p-.Q .~rrae,'rr iin~ COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN ANALYSIS OF MODERN
components terminal resinstance. and Itansmrsscon loss wereLAG SC ECI UTS ND UBY EM
determined Component values and filter scheme- ?re infcluded Win H-ochwald In AGARD Computer Arded Desrign for Electron
The functronal characteristics of the firlter were corroparer. to those Ciricurts Oct 1973 41 p rals iFor avarlabrlrty see N74 t13906
of high performance Cauer filters Transi by E H W 5 0
The SYSCAP (System ot Circuirt AnallySrS Progr. rusl SELECT
(System Evaluation of Large Scale Electronic Circuits and
N74- 13924 Socreta Italiana Telecornunrcazronr Sremrens S pA. Transforms) family of computer programs ranks anmong the more
Minlan Iltalyl, powerful computer aids avarrable to 'he desrgn production
COMPUTER DESIGN OF EQUA~L RIPPLE EQUALIZATION relrabrlrtyV and logrstrcs engineer As such. SYSCAP SELECT
encompasses proven tec~hnology inndevice modeling and mathe-
A Maggr and N Montelusco Ir AGARO Computer Arded matrcal structures whinle stressing ease of usage and economy
Design for Electror; Circurts Oct 1973 8 p rets iFor availabrlity Flesrbrlmty rs provided to handle brpolartlranrsrstor electronics as
see N74- 13906 05-101 well as MOS (Metal Oxinde on Srlrconl MSIr L51IfMedrum and
A dirgital computer program for auntomatic equalization of Large Scale Integratedl crrcurts on an indivrdual basins. in hybrrd L
group-delay frequency characteristrcs is presented The program confrguratrons r- rn conlunztron with furctional system elements
solves An the most cleneral manner the problem ol equal ripple The capabilrtres -set features and 3ptrorns of SYSCAP SELECT
equalization wrth a limited r-orrputatror. tine and a reduced ar- prese~red A c~ute~a-ple and a co'rt'! loo,- subsyteem
number ,ol positions to computer memorr The paper descrinbes design example are griven Theoretical frackyround data are
the rteratrve al-prnxrmalron process on a Newton Rao~hson basis presented to substarrtiate the soriutron processes that are utrlized
An exhaustrve analysis of the optrr'rrlatr)A and convergence of Applrcatrorn areas where SYSCAP SELECT nas proven to be
the procedure .s also included Finally the actual computer program cost eftectrve are descrrbed winth reference to the development
insillustratedi arrd some practrcal results are grven Author cycle of complcx modern electronrc and eteclro-mechanical
eoumpmert Author

N74 13925 Southampton UnivtrL-'rrjfrrd

COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSI5 OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
ON A SMALL MACHINE N74- 13929Bell Northern Research Ltd Ottawa (Ontarro)
K G Nrchrols /,r AGARD Computer Arded Desrgn for Ltectron AN EVOLVING. OPERATIONAL COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Circurts Oct 1973 10 p refs iFor avarlabrlrty see N74 13906 SYSTEM
05 t0p G Scott. 0 1- Willrams and L C Beaumrrnt /rr AGARD Computer
The reasons are arxplarned for commencirrng computer arded Aided Desrntn for Electren Crrcurts 0 -1973 12 p refs (For

de sirjn ac trurtes onga s r-rall inicrinri-e a r S o u~tt rarnnrton U n rversity ava itab rlrty see N 74 139 0 6 0 5 '()
The cost of rnrnrng the m actine for Ithis purpose estrmated
5s Computer graph-cs systems have not come int ge, era] use
Detarls of pro, ams fcrr small suri.ral linear crinnnrit ac analysts and tor computer arded design because of the high costs of both
an earcrrcrt
non trnsrel aalys
c ar grun Earrrlesgraphrcal hardware and graprhrcal software The equimpient cost
of cosrs u,r.rj It-ese vrograrrns are irrcludred Tire probler-s has decreased but programmrrrq costs remain hrgh A computer
_rr -ra~,giecbdha, -rt~r rusa @ how hrjh lirval

I
assocrated witn rmplementrng anarysis rroyrarns rimr.rr
machines are briefly drscussed Author graphical language .'le devrelopmenert of the language and of
the translator and other )roqramS rn the system are also descrrbed
Scme euamples are grver. of applrcations using the language
N 74-13926 Philips Gloerlampenfabreiken N V Erndhovuen mhrch ins at present runnirng on a large tine sharing ccrnrPuter
-Netherlandsr Research Labs serving desrrgners rrn several Canadranm crlIes A-athor
168 10 ELECTRONICS

N74-13930 Brunel Univ. Uxbridge (England) Circuits Oct 1973 14 p refs (For availabilty see N74 13906
SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN LANGU0AGES FOR LOG:C 05.10)
SYSTEMS The interacltve comouler layout 31f large mulirlayer printed
Douglas Lawin In AGARD Computer Aided Design 'or Electron circuit boi•rds. including through via hole boards as well as bunied
Circuits Oct 1973 11 p refs (For availability see N74-13904 via hole boards. is described A full description of the software
06-0O) used i%,given together with details of the hardware and man
The techniques are exam-ned of represot ting ogircal pro machine interface ti-te sysrern used is shown to be an eslenuion
cesesim such a way that tI-.esynthesis
resultant structures may be of the internationally proven REDAC double sided P C B design
routines availal•e for automatic :
ue J{tpth for the analysis lid l of the final system palckage The powerful scittware

Tereqremerits for logic design languages are defined and rouline aid checking of the final layout aie emphasized together
current techniques are surveyed The interactive design lon- with the ease with which the designer may interact with the
guegee under development for the CALD systein are described program during its execution it is shown that large layouts can
D LG be completed in a few weeks which would take a manual designer
months to complete and would be very prone to manual designer
N741l3931" National Aeronautics and Spirce Administration eiror Author
Marshall S.)ac' Flight Center. Huntsville. Ala
m
THE NASA COMPUTEF AIDED DESIGN AND TEST c74-'393b International Computers Ltd. Manchester lEng-
SYSTEM Is.r"-"
J M Gould and K Juergansen In AGARD Computer Aided O-I1MISING AUTOMATIC TRACKING OF MULTILAYER
Design for Electron Circuits Oct 1973 13 p rels ,For availability BOARDS
see N74 13906 O0-t0l H G Adshead It AGARD Computer Aided Design for Electron
A family of compuni prograrr, facilitating the design layout Circuits Oc:t 1973 16 p rets (For avaribrlity see N74 13906
evaluation. and testing of digital electronic circuitr-y is described 05.-10)
CADAT (computer aided design arid test system) is intended for The paper commences with a brief but critical appreciation
use by NASA and its contractors and is aimed predominantly at of siome known automatic tracking techniques for multilayer
providing cost effective mricroelectronic Subsystems based on printed circuit boards. viz Maze- Running. Line-Search end
custom designtd .ietal oxide semiconductor IMOS) large s.ale Channel-Allocation The purpose is to bring out their inherent
integrated circuits ILSICs) CADAT software can be easily adopted similarity and to propound their specific superiority under different '
by installations with a wide variety of -omputer hardware comoinahion5 of controlling criteria dictated by technological
configuration. Its structure permits ease of update to more conr'raints Consideration is given to the prohibitive core and
powerful component programs and to newly emerging LSIC time requirement for a real tife envi",>ment involving an
technologies The components of the CADAT system are .clý'.ribed approximately S00 x 500 track matrix a-docaeted with the request .
stressing the interaction of programs rather than detail of coding for orihogonally connecting about -500 pin pairs on each
or algorithms The CADAT system provides computer aids to board The evolution of an elfectivi algorithm and list-Structure
derive and document IhP desidin ,ntent includes Powerful capable of successfully handfing this problem is discussed in
automatic layo,,t sofiwa.ae permits detailed geometry checks and detail Several side issues of major significance are introduced
performance simulation based on mask data, and furnishes test The efficient pre-sorling of the order in which wires are submitted N
pattern sequences lor hardware testing Author to the main algorithm has been found to make a significant
contribution to the efficiency of the entire system Profile analysis
N74-13932 Societe Europeenne de Semiconducteurs el de is developed as a technique for comparing the reiative merits of
Microelectronique Paris (Franco) various topological placements of the logic network The
SIGMA. AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF COMPUTER AIDED importance of the basic board layou' and its relation to the
COMPLEX CIRCUIT DESIGNS JSIGMA UN SYSTEME algorithm employed is stressed Author
INTEGRE DE PROGRAMMES DE CONCEPTION ASSISTEE
DES CIRCUITS COMPLEXES] N74-13936 University of Southern Calif Marina del Pay
J P Lusinchi /In AGARD Computer Aided Desrqn for Electron A PARALLEL PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD DESIGN SYS-
Circuits Oct 1973 25 p refs In FRENCH IFor availability TEM
see N74 13906 05.10, Donald R Oestrercher to AGARD Computer Aided Design for
A detailed description is given of SIGMA a computer program Electron Cricrts Oct 1973 12 p rels IFor availability see
designed to generate integrated and hybrid circuits The program N74-13906 05-10i
is divided into three parns if I MAG 2T ar-d PRIAM for analog Contract F30602-70 C 03001
simulation i2t PS; f0 i iQg1La: ririlhr.. -iid It r i , ernrce A unique appiiaiai i dessitinrd for the s•u;crr.,atc de;a gn. a!
generation and 13) GAMMA for diagram v, -ilicaliun Special printed circuit boards in which all functions can be accomplished
circuits Costs proiram applications are included in parallel Instead of producing (he layout wire by wire as is
Trans] by E H W currently the rule. the layout is produced by traversing the board
in a raster scan fashion, rouling all relevant wires in parallel
N74-13933 Morurola Inc Phoenix Ariz Semiconductor This allows all design functions to be accomplished simultaneously
Products Div The fact that the fayout functions are done concurrently provides
A COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN SYSTEM FOR LARGE SCALE for greatir feedback among the diflerent functions and therefore
INTEGRATED DIGITAL NETWORK5 greater efficiency as more relevant *nfoimation is available to
A G Homer and C S Meyer !i AGARO Computer Aided each function The algor0ihm r . Iso makes great use o! the
Design for Electron Circuits Oct 1973 1 1 p refs :For availability commutivitres introduced b irntegrated c-,,uis This is done by
see N74-13906 05 10t unbinding the circuit into a structure which describes all possible
A CAD system presently being used in the design of LSI pin assignment, as detined try Ihe relevant commutivit;es This
digital networks is described Topics discussed cover logic system structure then miintainrs this information as the layout alorilhmin
design and partitioning considerations log-,- verification circuit makes decisions to bind particular pinns to parliLular logical sig Ials
design chipJ layout and mask generation Computer programs The strvcture not only remembers past dtecisiorns but it also
are described which aid the designer in loqnr simulation faull makes all derivative bindingrs equuirn- bi the layout algorithm s -'
detection, non linear circuit analyý,-, in dc and transient modes decisions necessary o marnin., i.,- eqrJ-alence tietieen the
routing of cel interconnect and mask generation Author nr.ut circuit description and the actual implenmenrted ciuitrci
Author

N74 13934 REDAC Sohware Ltd Tewkesbury IEngland)

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF MULTILAYER PrINTED N74 13Q!7 l..;r..'a Lrmnp.e", iJ Mria,,hesle, England,
CIRCUIT BOARDS Microsystems Div
W E Hillier In AGARD L/.mtrurer Aided uesiqn tro Electron COMPUTER AIDED PLACEMENT AND ROUTING OF HIGH
10 ELECTONICS 169

DENSITY CHIP INTERCONNECTION SYSTEMS

N II C~ocker. R W McGuffin. R Naylor. and Hf Vosper In
AGARD Computer Aided Design for Electron Circuits Oct
1973 26 p refs lPor availability twe N74-13906 05-10)
A novell approach to the problem of placement and intercon-
riection of comcionents is presented Conventional constraints
such as substrate or circuit board dimensions. are not considered
0t the outset. they are either absent or are Suppressed until the
Vstag is reachmd at Which they, are directly applicable, The chosen
approach was adopted to facilitates the placement and tracking
of integrated circuit chips on a microwired a,. :y This form of
construction. orthogonal tiacks on either side of a dielectric layer
Conneced by atcheJ through-noles, has the advantage that the
holes may be made within the width of a track The algorithms
presented are technology independent and may be applied to
any interconnection system which incorporates this feature
Initially. the logic is placed or. a continuous plane From this
state. it is gradually transmuted through various cellular . tructures
defined, initially by the components. and finally by a combination
of the components and their associated tracks The culmint-tioh,
is an arrangement which. at all stages. is determined by the
logic and not the technology Author

N74-13938 International Business Machines Corp.. Owego.

NY
ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 07 INFORMATIONr
DISPLAY AND CONTAOL FOR DESIGN AUTOMATiON
SYSTEM S
William MA Gadoes In AGAND Computer Aided Design for
Electron Circuits Oct 1973 13 p rets lFor availability see
N74-13C06 05- 10)
A method is described for enisuring that appropriate considers-
tiors6 be given to the requirements of the intercded users during
system development Trend~s in design automation systems are
0Oscussed. particularly with respect In the increaseJ functional
iintgration and interaction of the users with the system, as well
as among multiple users A maihod is described based on
user-oriented flow diagrams. wh:Ch is intended to define the
user requirements A descriptioni is provided by which these
diagrams are used to establish user requirements ard to establish
a communication link between ihe users and the system architects
Difficulties that may he expected With regard to user interfaces
are listed. and the value of the method for establishing erponomic
decign and evaluation critriai procedural aids and methods and
educational materials is discussed Author

L
11 FACILITIES. RESEARCH AND SUPPORT Preceding page blank 171

plovile a framework for the interpretation of experiments, 13) nrlrrwe

FACILITIES, RESEARCH AND C model, and (41 suggest further experiments Flight simulateon
expernennts provide acce!orated development of aircrafts at reduced
SUPPOHT costs by defining what is required in order to transfer results
readily with increased confidence to the real situatron and thus cut
Includes airports, lunar and planetary bases including down on trial and error aspects G G
aseociated vehicles, ground support systems. related
ogsatics. simulators telt facilities Ia g . rocket engine test
stands. shock tubes. and wind tunnels) test ranges. ansd N71-16063# Boeing Co . Seattle. Wa:h
tracking stations LIGHT SIMULATOR MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN
AIRCRAFT DESIGN
Alan H Lee in AGARD Simulatoon Jar. 1971 23 p refs
(See N71-16060061 11)
N71-16060p Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Avail NTIS
Development Paris Francei Mathematical rrodels are discussed from tfie viewpoint
SIMULATION AGARD CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS of a flight simulation user Aerodynamic. flight contrl system
Jan 1971 188 p refs AGARO Flight Mech Panel Specialists and atmospheric environment models are stressed Some of their
Symp held al Moltett Field Calif 10-13 Mar 1970 considerations are discL".sed relative to aircraft design phases A
(AGARD CP 79 701 Avail NTIS quasi-elastic format for representing the aerodynamic characteurstics
CONTENTS of a large, flexible aircraft is described It is shown that storing
I SIMULATION AN INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY aerodynamic data in digital computers asi spit functions has
G F BruenrnglDFVLR Oberfaffenhafen. W Get I 18 p rels (See advantages Such items as controlier feel. hystereiis. and actuator
N71-16061 06.11) characteristics sf ould be included in the flight control systeri,
2 OBJECTIVES OF SIMULATION A G Barnes (British mathematical mocal1 Turbulence and wind shears are essential to
Aircraft Corp . Preston EngI 1 8 p tSee N71-16062 06- 11 any realistic simulation program The von Karman power spectral
3 FLIGHT SIMULATOR MATHEMATICAL MODELS density function is preferred for turbulerce generations Emperical

IN AIRCRAFT DESIGN A H Lee (Boeing Co Seattle. Wash ) wind shears are also useful Author
23 p refs iSee N71 1606306-11t
4 MOTION VISUAL AND AURAL CUES IN PILOTED
FLIGHT SIMULATION I. J Staples (RAE Bedford Engl) 25 p NI1S06te Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedfod (England)
refs [See N71 1606406-t 1106-111 MOTION. VISUAL AND AURAL CUES IN PILOTED FLIGHT
6 COCKPIT ENVIRONIMENT J Pir~el iSoc Nell Ind SIMULATION
AerosPatlals 13 p rels See rTii-i GO 06r.- r; K J Staples /r AGARD Simulation Jan 1971 25 p iots
6 SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF (See N7 1-1606006 11)
A SIMULATOR 0 M McGregor NRC of Can Ottawa Ontario) Avail NTIS
33 prefs (See N7C 16066 06T1 1) The main characteristics of motion visual and aural cues.
SIULTIN SEXPERTIMENOFTASK0 AN D UBJECTS
Breuhas a P Ha . are discussed for their integration into pilot flight simulation studies
on variabre stability aircraft Areas of relevance and importance are
Jr Cornell Aeron Lab Inc
8 ENGjNEL.RING 1 1 7 p Iee:
ANALYSIS M N71 16067
Monfoft 06-1d
iCenire tIdefined
) Essass lor each of the cues and their interaction and substitution
8n VotENGINcEERINGpANLSIS
refs M Mo1fo6t C 1 r E s of one by another is considered It is proposed that the prrcicual
en Vo, sIres Fri-cel 22 p refs ¶,5-ceN7 1-16068 06-111
9 PILOT PSESSMrIENT ASPECTS OF SIMUlATION attraction of simulation is speed and versatility in obtaining valid
G E Clooper and F ; Dr,nkwater III tNASA Ames Res Centel) results for optimal man machine integration GG '

I• p refs (See N71 1606906-11)

N7 1-16065# Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatlal. Toulouse

N7 1-16061 a Deutsche Forschungs und V'ersuchsanstall Iuer IFiencEN

tUf!. , 3--
n=_ fý-! Ote (arfe-= ofen '`,Nes! 'a',! is!
-- l,.e, COCKPIT ENVIRONMENT
Dynamik er Flugq,,teme Jean Pinet /7 AGARD Simulation Jan 1971 13 p refs (See
SIMULATION- AN INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY N7 16C,00611)
Avail NTIS
Gerhard F Bruering in AGARO S:mulatioii Jan 1971 16 p Various inputs of the simulation erivironinair dur rg Concorde
Avail NTIS cockpit developme.it are considered Computerized simulator

A reviecv is gin rn on the state or Ire xft c-! simulation trials started out with the variable stability Mirzge 38 aircraft by
Lineezed control Ineoretical aspects of simulatio, are discussed considering external and internal visual displays inertial perceptions
L-narde aspect
contro ofba
theoretical
sommnunaloonarefriscussed
and examples of flxed base moving base and in.llgh- simulatovr. nd aural perception and verbal comiunicatons ConfrontationI
are depiceu with emphasis on the V. STUL problem Ground
simulators for environmerital factors -- e analyzed with respect to
between simulation objectives and inputs and ojtputs of the crew
rmembers transfer functions with results from the various indices 4
motoir visual anil ps':.chologcal paramreters and methods for their was useC to define the environment simulation degree G G
simulation The O.eof pilot opinion rating to- evaluating simulation
results *s advocated Drlferences between simulation on the yround :1
C
G N71-16066a Nc;t-onal Research Council of Canada Ottawa
anid in the air art also outlned
(Ontario)
SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE OF A
N71 16062* British Aircraft Corp Preston iEnglar.di SIMULATOR

O()EJFCTIVFS OF SIMUI ATION 0 M McGregor /r AGARD Simulation Jan 1971 33 p

A G Barnes /, AGARO S.mulaliDn Jan 1971 8 p 'See refs (See Ni7i 16060 06 I 1i
1f171 1606C.06.11t Avail NTIS
Avail NTIS Somp o' the means by which the pilot derves motion

Sitnulatro-'s are usirl to i I , v',staremernts ab-ot prcperties information o .,ng tfliht and attempts to hlighliht some of the
of a sysltem which ma 0 be read acoss to real stuations (21 areas in wheth
i eaccii 5smulalo, .haracterrsocs are reqi;,red to
17 1FCLTE ESA CNUPR
obanvldrslsaeotie icsin fsvrlsoto-fUe on ees n yoclsetu fvddaetbltd

ingsr voli
preselt hadare thatl Disust ions
ofsver alsrcome-eoeseiih
ran.strumntalevels and dtypeanayispectrum soie arealotabulated

tasks. scaslwattd o.speed rrr..neuverrng flight, canbefracfcityF.S

simutated adequately and !Miedifficulties of achieving a thorough
under-standing of the man-machine system are presented Author
N72-12162# Advisory Group (fr Aerospace Research and
Ciawelopment. Parts (France)
N1171-16067if Cornfill Aeronautical Lab Inc Buffalo N Y FACILITIES AND TECHNIQUES FOR AERODYNAMIC
THE ELETIO
OFTASS AN SUJECS O FLGHTTESTING AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS AND HIGH REYNOLDS
SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS
THE~~~~~~~
FTSSADSBET FFIH SEETO ~~~
R UMBER
C Pankhunst Oct 1971 11 p rets
Waldlerrar 0 Beuhaus and Robert P Harper Jr In AGARO (AGARD-AR-37-7t1 Avart NTIS
Simulation Jan 1971 17 p (See N71-16060 06.1 11 Scale effects on various flow phenomena and for various
Avail NTIS body shapes are discussed Techniques are given for simulating
The limirtatons of various simulators directly affect the the effects of higher Reynolds numbers The requirements and

simulation rases which can be Performed and, henceof affect Tire types of experimental vacrltrtesarewhich can a-hieve high Reynolds
validity 0f the evaluation results oitained TI'e ability simulator numbers at transonic speeds considered Author
pilots to produce valid and repeatable evaluations which are
applicable to the iei.;-woild situation can be no better than the
accuracy with which the simulator tasks represent the essential N73-18260# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

chaatrtc fteraherctrisic
rel ol Crtan
orl eti
ofth osdrtosI
onsdeatinsin h Development. ParisTEST
heAERODYNAMIC lFrance)
SIMULATION. LESSONS FROM THE
selection of simulator tasks are discussed arid problems are set PAST AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
forth wihich should be considered in the design ot simulationJlisLarwc.edCltoUnvIDc 9289prf
experiments The selection and preparation of evaluation pilots are Preisene
LuastA aA
. 10ChrAerospc crv MeDeting Pae
2 8 tislusso
discussed in terms of the factors which appear to have substantial PrsentOedjo Cali
AI 191JAnrspc1972eigaeDsusin
effects upon the program results Experience in the real-world (AGARD-R-603) Avail NTIS HC $6 50
mirssions is one of severat key elements which greatly enchances the Developments if- aerodynamic test facilities used by gave..,
evaluation results Preparation of subjects considers the importance ment. university, and Industry, are discu~ssed The following t3pics
and nature of communication between the subject pilot and the are reported 1t) assessment of prr~t experience. (2) present status
analyst and participation ot the subjects in the experimentral And li~tun, prospects of aerodynamic and air breathing propul-
design Author Sion testing in all speed regimes. (3) ground test and flight
COMParSOrso (4)l free flight test techniques. anrd 151 the
development of aerodynamic testing A review of the major West
European wind tunnels and a discussion of aerodynamic test
N71 t6OOE# Ccnr.!e d S.sa;s cri iigof !strc. IFrancc; facilities in the United States are included in two appendices
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS Author
M Monfort In AGARD Simulatiorn Jan 1971 22 p r@ts
AaleN~T 1060-1 N73-20269# Advisory Group for Aerospace Researclh and
AvailNTISOw~vlopmnent. Paris (France) Large Wind Tunnels Working Group
The mixing of several simulation methods is adv~cated THE NEhO FOR LARGE WINO TUNNELS IN EUROPE

for engineering analyses on flight mechanics Emphasis is placed on Oec. 1972 98 p refs
analysis of the pilots behavior for integration in the man-machine (AGARD-AR-60) Avail: NTIS HC 57 00
system by application of Statistical and response surface techniques The Report of the Large Wind-Tunnels Working Group of
to both pilot ratings and Pilot comments in measuring the pillt s the AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panels, follows nina meetings between
woirkroad GG Declijmbeir 1971 and November 1972 Review of existing positionr
and future prospects. the role of the wind-tunnel in research
anddevelopment. existing European wind-tunnels present national

N71116069"i National Aeronautics and Space Administration plans for wind-tunnels, future needs, options for new large
Ames Research Center Moffett Field. Calif low-speed anid transonic tunnels- a proposed time schedule for
FILOT ASSESSMENT ASPECTS OF SIMULATION provisin of new tunnels. and proposers for a coflaborstirve work
Ceore
ad Fed ECooer
. Dnnkwte Ill AA~Dprogririf Icoclarlfy existring problems lii winidlunnei desigln and
Caorend ECooer
red- Onkwae, II , AAHOoperation It is concluded that the first rirrority is for a new
Simulation Jan 1971tI1 p refs iSee N7t -1606005 11) large pressurited transonic wind-tunnel in Europe. four possible
(NASA TM-X 66S831 Ara-i NTIS CSCL 05H options fur realizatrrsn of thri, need are given, and an Engineering
Pilot assvssment aspects of flight simulation -.onsider the Study asproposed, w- i, a Work Statement, to asues" ano evaluaite

use of pilot ratings in the evaluation of aircraft handling qualities the engineering requr.emrnas of the or'iona The selcond priority.
Critical questions rasiso
-I by pilots are examined and discussed in order of importance almost equel to the first, is fore4 new large low-speed
to develop solutions and improve understanding it is important wind-tunnol This should be of 18 in or 25 m width, the Group
to involve the Plot as earry as possible in developing a Piloted has not been able to agree between those figures Provision of
simulation progr-am by considering complaints arising from simiulatoro, new European supersonic and hyresonic facilities should begin
expeienes
qv,,Tonsarisng
s wll a elaed o th piot acualwhen the subsonic and transonic requirements have been met.
Participation is, the plann~r-g aid conducting of experi-nents the long term technical needs for these are defined Author

simuatin Icitty o ridtheaviliss

reort AuhorN73-26239# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris (Frai~cel

T
N71-34253# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and PROBLEMS IN WIND UNNEL TESTING TECHNIQUES
Development. Paris (France) Apr 1973 165 p refs
INVENTORY OF ACOUSTIC FATIGUE TEST FACILITIES IAGARD-R-601. AGARD 8011 Avail NTIS HC $10 25
INTENAT~OCONTRIE'S )J pe-r Th7e1 an- oprvo i ag idi o
S Clarkson(Suhmtn'nv)Jl17 15prfspeantrnoispecodtosaedsrbdn ujcs

Tho, acoustic test facilities for NATO are listed as of 1969 conhtrain-s in transonic wind tunnels, 421 in~terference effects of
The characteristics of the noise generators including frequency model support systemts. (3) minimum required measuring times
 I1I FACILITIES. RESEARCH AND SUPPORT 173

to perform instalionarl, measurements in transioninc tunnel*. 14) The objectives at dynamic tests con -ciedc in low speied
wind tunnel requirements for helicopter$. ar.d (SIý acoustic wind tunnels are examined For a number of specific problerns
considerations for noise experimenls at model scale in subsonic for measurements under static condpitrns it is possible that Sipecial
wind tunnels For individual titles, Sae N73-26240 through techniques and new equipment will be reQuired The two general
11,1173-262417 areas of consideration ate (1) m-sasurement of oscillatory
derivatives and (21 measurement of trar-stint motion& caused by
M73-2S240 Von Karmean Inst for Fluid Dynamics. Rhode-Saint- gusts and ground effect It is concluded that the main requirements
* Gone"e (Begium). for data relavanl to dynamic effects can be met under Static
REVIEW Of SOME PROSLEM3 RELATIE# TO THE DESIGN conditions orver a wide 'ange of variables Author
* AND OPERATION
V/STOL TESTING OF LOW SPSEO WIND TUNNELS FOR N7341%245 Deutsche Forschungs-
Mario Carbonaro
Tech. Apr 1973
It. AGARD Probl in Wind Tunnel Testing
24 p rets (For availability see Luft- und Raum'ahrt. Goettingen (Westund Versuchsasntalt fuer
Germany). Aerodynarn-
N73-26239 itch* Versuchsanstalt
I7-11) USE OF MODEL ENGINES (V,/SCTOL)
A review is made of a number of operational problem* E Melzer and R Wulf In Aj!ARD Prolbl in Wind TunnelI
associated with the wind tunnel testing of V/STOL aircraft Testing Tech Apr 1971- 7 p rats (Ffor availability see
i.-;ludinq helicopters The following subjec-s are discussed 11) N73 26239 117-111
*wall ct,;itrsints, (2) use of ventilated walls. (3) testing for The special conditions required to conduct wind tunnel tests

ground effect. models

Mathematical zind (41 flow disturbances in the tunnel circuit of let aircraft engines are examined The capabilities far simulation
-re deveololsid to clarify the theoretical in atmospheric tunnels are discussed The problems of testing
aspects of wind tunnel operatian Author t,, pressurized tunnels are analyzed An estimation ot the energy.
the plants. and the test equipmtntn required tor engine simulation
11173-261411 Avions Marcel Dessault-Bregust Aviation. Saint- era listed Ato
Cloud (Francs) Aerodynamics Dept
SURVEY OF METHODS FOR CORRECTING WVALL CONW N73-26246 Westlanid Helicopters. Lid. Yeouil (Englandi
STRAINTS IN TRANSONIC WIND TUNNELS WIND TUNNEL REQUIREMENTS FOP HELICOPTERS
Jean-Cit Vayssaire In AGARD Probt in Wind Tunrel Testiing I A Sirnonb and H Derschmidt IMBEI. Munich) in AGARD
Tec h Apr 1973 48 ps refs (For avaitablily see N73-26239 Probl in Wind Tunnel Testing Tech Apr 1973 1O p rafs
17-11l (For availability see N73-26239 1711)li
*The use of ventilated walls in transonic wind tunnels anid The sizeis of model which are most suited to various aspects
the effect on wall interference corrections are d-scuessd of wind tunr~el tests of nelicopters are defined The scaling laws
Mathe'imatical aPP1icatio-is of the extreme cases of zaro per, and associated constructiona; problcrns of srmall scale rotor
* aeacompare and thfie chrermaiistic
ar te ormiedticaworktiong rangems ate odisusdTnel sizesbsdo acrrdeaugetedn foftrevnariu
* ~ r cmpabredt andnfithe pearmeabitity are texamiedTetica orkng rystems aremdisu dTnel sizesbsdo coar suggested ofr vatreious
sections are analyzed Mathematical models are provided to effects Author
support the theoretical considerations. Author

N73-26247 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnbo~uugh (England)

N73-20242 Aircraft Research Association. Ltd . Girdflord Aerodynamics Cept
(England) ACOUSTIC C014SIDERATIONS FOR NOISE EXPERIMENTS
INTERFERENCE EFFECTS OF MODEL SUPPCIT SYS- AT MODEL SCALE IN SUBSONIC WIND TUNNELS
TE MS T A Holbechis and J Williams in AGARFD Probi in Wind

E C Carter In AGARD Probl in Wind Tunnel Testing 7&ch Tunnel Testing Tech Apr 1973 30 P rats (For availability
Arip 1973 10 p reft (For' availabilit-l see N73-26239 17. 111 virs N73 28239 17-1 11)
The forms of interference occurring in subsonic and tran&:)nrc Acoustic consideration-. for noise experiments at model scale
wind tunnels due to model support systems are discussed "wo in subsonic wind tunnels are presented Emphasis is placed on
types Of model attachment, rar, sting and vertical blade scing similarity to flight test conditions, noise rreasurement constraints
are considered and the form and magnitude of interference terms on model and tunnel sizes, the parasitic effects of background
are given for some particular exrarmples The buoyancy interference noisic. arid the various factors contributing to the generation of
in the wo:king section due to a typical sting joint and -ott noise The specific contributions to tunnel noise trom rhe tunrel
* mechanism behind a model is considered and the effect on drive fan, the tunnel circuit, the test section mainstream flow.
drag is evaluated for two typical bodies Author and the particular test section boundary conditions are dis-I

N73-26243 Nationeal Licht-en RuirmtevaarhlaberAtoriu.vcusd uto

Amsterdanm (Netherlandsi 7-66* Avsr ru frArsaeRsac
MINIMUM REQUIRED MEASURING TIMES TO PERFORMN7-19e n
AdioyGupfr eosaeRerhan
INSTTIOARY
EASREMNTS N TANSOIC INDDevelopment. Paris (Francel
ITTUN NELS ESUEET I RNONCWN PROBLEMS OF WIND TUNNEL DESIGN AND TESTING
JW G VanNunen. G Coupry IDNERA. Chatillon-sous Sagrseux DRENCH17 7 as Msl nEGIH atyi
France). and H Foersching [DFVLR Goettingen. West Germany) iAGARD Ft 600, Avail NTIS HC 112 00
In AGARD Probi in Wind Tunnel Testing Tech Al r 1973 The dlesign and operation of low speed and transonic wind
2prets [For availability see N73 262 39 12 ?11) tunnel are discussed Emphasis is placed on possible future large
The mmnrimum required run times for instationar-t mneasurer. wind tunnels for Europe The subjects discussed are ( 1) transonic
mants at transonic speeds during wind tunnel tests are analyze(; Ludwiog tube wind tunnel (2) sysýtem lot generation of quiet4
The %objectsdiscussed are (I) instationary pressurfe measurement triansonic flows for model testing at high Reynrolds number 13)
terchniquves. (2) flutter rests. (3) buffet measurements, and (4)
cross corrthe injector driven wind tunnel, and (4) facilities tor aetrodynarnic
crs :oreainon atechniCues Itr it conclidert that present test testing at hypeisonric speed For individual titles, see N74- 16988
methods reuir aominium frunning time ot ten seconds It is
suggested that new test techniques may reduce the lime through N74 16993
requirement Author
N74- 109658 Royal Aircraft Establish-ment Fainborough iEng.
land)
N73-26244 Aural A.;,;att %:ab!.shi-.en!. 0ýdlc~rd ilEngieoidt SOME CONS.JERATIONS OF FUTURE LOW-SPEED
SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF TESTS .PRDYNAMIC TUNNEi.S FOR EUROPE
CONDITIONS IN LOW SPEED WIND TUNNELS A Spence and 8 M Spars (Nat) Aern- and Astronaut Res
0 N Fostier In AGARD '!robi in, Wind Tunnel Testing Tacri Inst Amslerdami In AGARD Probl of Wind Tunnel Design.
Apr 1973 4 p rats (For a&,elab-ity see N73 26239 17-Il1) and Testing Dec 1973 10 p Prepared in cooperation will.
174 11 FACILITIES, RESEARCH AND SUPPORT

Nail Acre- and Astronaut Res Inst . Amsterdam (For avalabilihty Wind Tunnel 13esign and Testing Dec 1973 28 p refs In
s. N74-1698"p 08-t 1) FRENCH (For availability see N74-16987 08-1 1)
Two solr es of possible future low-spaed windlunno have A description is given of a -. ,otor x,--.' fT, ":ansonic wind
been studied The first series are high-Reynolds-number tunnels tunnels with Ierge Reynolds ,umbers The installation and its
having a pro(z.c of working sec~tion width in metres and maximum functions w-ere also de: cribed Theoretical studies were made of
pressure in atmoespheres kept constant at a value of 45 but thermodynamic cycles based on the possible evolution of power
including in ad".thon a 60mn strospheric tunnel The se;ond absorbied by the installation Data are also given on the economics
sane* comprise; atmospheric tunnels of widths ranging from of the wind Tunnel project technological solutions proposed, and
Om to 25m. and these are of more modest cost and generally proper reservoir construction Tre:nsl by E H W
iowe' Capabiliy than The first series Very broad estimatesf of
.libis of expenditure
the scalecapital and running costsmight
which are given as an indication
be involved, of
no prec:ise N74-16993 National Aerospace Lab . Amsterdam (Nether-
ci~otations have been obtained Brief statements are madde of lands)

thr "•pabdiltes of the tunnels considered Each series in tur FACILITIES FOR AERODYNAMIC TESTING AT HYPER.
apt~snr to offs( attractive possibidltes for future rrovisioin of SONIC SPEEDS
low speed tunnels in Europe Author F Jearsma and W 0 OeWoff In AGARD Probi of Wind
Tunnel Design and Testng Dec 1973 40 p refs (For availability
see N74-16987 08-1 1)
111174-1111111 Deutsche Fors-hungs- nd Versuchsantlt fuer An assessment is made of the usefulness and potential of
Luh- und Rumfahr. Goettgen (West Germany) est fuer existing European hypersonic facilities on the bas of the planned
Stroomungsmechaik U S space shuttle project and a hypothetical hypersonic transport
PROJECT STUDY OF A LARGE EUROPEAN TRANSONIC aircraft With respect to aerodynamic testing of space shuttle
LUDWIEG TUSE WINOTUNNEL type of vehicles it is pointed out that a significant gap exists
H Ludwieg. H Greuer-Carstensen. and W Loreni-Meyer In between M .- 10 and M 15 At low-hypersonic Mach numbers
AGAR0 Probl of Wind Tunnel .)ssgn and Testing Dec 1973 the facilities in Europe will generally meet the minimum
22 p erefs(For availability see N74-16987 08-11) requirements for testing hypersonic transport models European
"situdy of a transonic Ludwieg Tube wind tunnel is presented :apabilrties appear to be rather similar to those in the U S
For * reliable extrapolation of windltunnel measurements to hypersonic wind tunne's. tiý:.-.n he U S capabrlrles will be
full-scale Might conditions of modern aircraft, a realistic sirmulation increased considerably ir- the nea. fu:1ire It is further concluded
of flight Reynolds numbers at transonic speeds becomes that European facilities ia!l short in their ,.-rformance of what is
increasingly imporlani It is shown, how the need for a high required. in the field of propulsion including Sup, sonic combus-
Reynolds number experimental facrlrtity can be satisifred by a lion tests) and also of hardware testing Author
Ludwoeg Tube tunnel The Ludwieg Tube is characterized by its
unsurpassed simplicity which guarantees a high degree of
reliability Design data. dimensions, and cost estimates for the
described tube wind tunnel are presented The basic facility
characteristics are g;ven Author

N74-1699)0 Royal Aircraft Establishment Bedford (England)

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EFFICIENT AND CCONOMICAL
SYSTEM FOR THý GENERATION OF QUIET TRANSONIC
FLOWS SUITALLE FOR MODEL TESTING AT HGH
REYNOLDS NUMBER
P G Pugh In AGARD Probl of Wind Tunnel Desigr and
Testing Dec 1973 17 p refs IFor availability see N74-16987
08-11)
Current work on the development of the ECT drive system
is reviewed 1t is shown that thy is a particularly ccnomrcal
and effective means of providing a radical improvement in the
Reynolds numters at wwich transonic. wind-tunnel tests can be
performed Experimental trails which confirmed the practicability
of the essential features of this system are described. and the
problems of optimizing the design of a particular wind-tunnel
are disr,.ied Author

N74-16991 Office National d'Eludes et de Recherches

Aerospatoales. Paris (France)
THE INJECTOR DRIVE:N TUNNEL
Pierre Carriere In AGARD Probw of Wind Tunnel Design and
Testing Dec 1973 56 p refs (For availability see N74 16987
08-11)
The development and characteristics of an injector driven
wind tunnel are described The subjects discussed are (I) methods
for evaluating and optim;zing the performance in steady continuous
flow,. 2) analysis of unsteady phenomena during the wind tunnel
start. and (3) problems uf intense noise generated by the jets
Indications on the orders of magnitude of basic technological
data Sketches of the active pert of the induction driven tunnel
and a graph of the thermodynamic cycle are presented Author

N74-16 12 Institut Ae'otechnrque ce Saint-Cyr Saint Cvr-I'Ecole

I france I
HYDRAULIC COMPRESSOR WIND TUNNEL [SOUFFLERIE
A COMPRESSEUR HYDRAULIQUEJ
Maurice Menard and Francis Chometon In AGARD Probi of
12 FLUID MECHANICS 175

distinguished are (11)&hear layers. 121 shear layers perturbed by

1
12L FLUID MECHANICS small additional strain rates which produce appreciable changesj
in turbulence, and (3) shear layers perturbed byvlarge additional
Includes boundary-layer flow compressible flow., got titrain rates Examples are airfoil boundary layers mrerging into a
dynamics. hydrodynamics, and turbulence For related wake. boundary layers on curved surfaces, and reattaching sheasr
information see also 01 Aerodynamics. and 33 Thermo- layers The essential phenomena of these turbulent flows are
dynamics and Combustion discussed, and it is concludedl that a program of turtbulence
measurement should enable calculation methods tICbe extended
to a wide range of complex flows A discussion of the general
types of calculetion methods suitable for complex flows is
included Author

N71-260730 Advisory Group frArsaeRsac n

Development Paris (France)l 0 eopceRsac n N72-20275# Michigan Univ. Ann Arbor Dept of Aerospace
REPORT OF THE HIGH REYNOLDS NUMBER WIND Engineering

TUNNEL STUDY GROUP OF THE FLUID DYNAMICS PANEL STRUCTI,AE OF THE REYNOLDS STRESS NEAR THE
Apr 1971 24 3 p refs WALL
iAGARO AR 5 7t1 Avail NTIS W W ixIiltmrnath and S S Lu in AGARD Turbulent Sheat
The working grorro) considered1 transornic Y.nid luirnel Flows Jan 1972 20 p iefs fSee N72-20273 11 12)
performance and opeiat-ird c~adt,-tc lepe !o 5,pp (Contract N00014-67 A-0181-0015)
' i,1
evout., o a; ce ll~l"Avail NTIS HC Sb00,- MF$SO95
evout~'r l .iItar
csiiar~r~rri~i a-i a iic~iacc5,-rei~sExperimental studies are reported on the flow field near the
durrng Ine .ormig decadce T~irre JC eiirsi)lrl ... th a wall in a turbulent bioundary layer using hot wire probeit
review, of exoerience on modjel ieltiri4 ir tran'i'.orc soreeds ied io Measurements of the product uv were made using conditional
tihe conciusromn that -he NATO ixtr.orsý rrorijiii jrcor a, woon as sampling and with the aid of a digital computer The criterion
Possible two types 01 o.-:, %.nd iririel, 0riuir f -l shoul,7 used to determine when us was to be sampled was wvhen4
duplrcate tiansorric Iiltpt R4i..rl nun iris a;..: ii~~i a -,- 1ire or %treamw'se velocity at the edge Of the sublayer had attained a
the order of one sico ..r Ti- or srxidi, r~j t161 ti el; certain value It was found ýirat 60% of the con~tribution to uv
section and siouti picr-tr Ri,, o!ts ,-eies !;at a;- 3 0T 4 liunes occurred when the sublayer velocity was lo -ier tran mean
the maximum preseid:, aYduialti,e vitO i:- -ni
tim',. tfie &,de' Li velocity Measurements involving correlation of truncated u andl vI
t0 securids It snas aiso coticiniled ltiar A6ARD siiit .ptior signals revealed that thfn largest portion of Reynolds stress and
oveiq~ne tani
curentresarc i :isiq. c,ýit~o ard tstturbulent energy components occurs when u -0. v _-0- or
tvlt~nuiIt-i dil.u
tchrrntqresaicn an techi~ue c!iruaonveaid test during an intense bursting process, the remainder occur during
liuuri inlaviiji
ml i uir~ii,.niorn n~iivreconavery Contributions t0 the production or turbulence and
ii' i~i-"u'iii~O'ii~ uuvuuiuReynolds stress at a point near Ine wall are of large magnitude
encouraynxtrusrrl Ii',' -.i-,IC iii lirirwuiiu short duration, and intermittent A rough measure of the
intermittency factor for raeis 0 55 Author

N72-15269# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris (France) N72-20276#f Aix-Marseilles Univ iFrance) Inst de Mecanique
TABLES OF ItNVISCID SUPERSONIC FLOW ABOUT Statistique delIs Turbulence
CIRCULAR CONES AT INCIDENCE. GAMMA EQUALS 1.4. SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF THERMAL FLUCTLIA.
PAAT 3 TIONS IN A TURBULENT BOUNC.AAY LAYER I[REPARTI-
O J Jones (Nell Aaron Estab., Ottawa Ontarnio) and W J TIONS SPECTRALIES DES FLUCTUATIONS THERMIQUES
Rainbird ad (Carleton Unrv) Cdc 1971 172 p rafs DANS UINE COIJCHE LIMITE TURBULIENTEI
t
(AGA lDograph.137.PT 3. AGAI'i.O.AG.137.71-PT.3. L Fulachier and P Dumas In AGAnD Turb~ulent Shea; Flows
UOC-533e6954 533 6 01 1 5 0831 Avail SITIS Jan 1972 10 p rats In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (See
Tabuiated results are presented for half cone angtes of 45, N72 20273 11.121
47 5. 50. 52 5. and 57 degrees wish Mach numbers ranging Avail NTIS NC S6 00,. MF $0 95
ftom 3 t3 20 Author Temperature fluctuation spectra and spectral distributions of
temptiratiire velntity were measured in a turbulent boundary
layer on a heated flat plate The method of fluctuation diagramming
was used tor frequency -filtered signals in order to measure
N72-202730l Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and spectr al correlation distribution A cc-vparisorr ot thermal spectra
Dqvetopment. Paris (France) and three velocity Lomponents is presented from the internal

TURBULENT SHEAR FLOWS zone as far as the 3dge of the boundary layer Balance equations
Jan 1972 506 p refs Presented at the Fluid Dye Panel are given for cnperatI distributions relative to temperature and
Specialists Meeting. Londor. 13-15 Sep 1971 the sum 0ln) for the spectra of the velocity components
Turbulent sheer flows such as boundary layers. lets, and dissipation .45realso considered Author
wakes were investigated for nonrefacting gas flow Fnclors
conaidaared wale the basic structure of equilibrium shear flows
and the influence of compressibility, pressure gradients. surface
Dept '
and/or N72-2C277* University ot Southern Calif. Los Angeles
flows. noise density.
crveure. three-dimensional
truhN72 20307 INTERMITTENT STRUCTURES IN TURBULENT BOUN-
DARY LAYERS
Cot o Scenc an TehnoogyLordonR
22024ffImpria F Btackwet'sr and R E Kaplan In AGARD Turbulent Shear
Col ofSciece
72-2274 Impria nd Tchnlogy LodonFlows Jan 1972 7 p rtes (See Nf72 20273 11-121
4England) Dept of Aeronautics [Grants NSF GK 24.58. NSF GK 278001
VARIATIONS ON A THEME OF PRANDTL A./3il NTIS rHCS6 00 ?if SD 0ý
Peter Bradshaw In AGARO Turbulent Sh'c', Flows Jan 1972 The iiiterimttent stru-ture iii the outer region and the
10 p rats (See N72 20273 11112; occurrence of intermittent bufsts near the wall were ineest-gated
Avail NTIS tiCS$600- MF 5095 The extent )f these structures is characterized by the existence
Varieties of complex turbulent tlow which aer importiint in of stieamrinise momentum delecus Correlations suggest a
rsgrnearing are rccogrrized as penuibatioris of classical thin connection between bursting that occurs in the wall region and

herlayers towihradl prxmto ple h ye he inltemittent bulges of tuibulair e that Protrude frorn the
176 12 FLUID MECHANICS

outer reaches of the turbulent boundary laye- A scheme is N72.20281*# Virginia Polytechnic Inst, Blaclksburg. Dept of
presented for the detection of turbulent bursts near the wall Aerospace Engineenng
Conditional everaging showed that during the burst there was a EFFECTS OF STRONG AXIAL PRESSURE GRADIENTS ON
substantial strearwise momentum defect followed by an TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER FLOWS
"etaemely rapid accelerotion The measurements sugglestt that Clark H Lewis. E W Minor, and E C Anders~on In AGARD
perhaps a local instability is the source of the break-up of the Turbulent Sheir Flows Jan 1972 14 p tefl (See
well now. Author N72-20273 11-12)
(Contract NAS1-9337)
(NASA-CR-125903) Avail NTIS CSCL 200
Comparisons are made between predictions for nonreactirg
N72-20278# Technische Univ. Berlin (West Germany) Inst turbulent boundary layer flow using a finite dirference method.
fuer Ueberschall Technik and integral methods used to predict compressible turbulent
AN INTEGRAL METHOD FOR APPROXIMATE CALCULA- flows with presure gradient and wall heel transfer Both rocket
TION OF COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT BOUNDARY and hypersonic aerodynamic wind lunnel noulee are considered.
LAYERS WITH STREAMWISE PRESSURE GRADIENT Cooled and heated walls wars studied Van Dries end Reichardt*&
H -J Kuester In AGARD Turbulent Shear Flows Jan 1972 models were considered in a two-layer eddy viscoasty scheme
20 p refl (See N72-20273 11-12) Under heated wall conditions (ie. wall temperature greater than
Avail NTIS HC $600/MF $095 the adiabatic wall temperature), strong coulAing effects were
An approach is presented for the transformation function found between wall heating and axial pressure gradients For
sigma sub x which avoids Loth sublayer and substructure cooled wall conrtlions. predictions of velocity and temperature
hypothesS of compressible turbulent boundary layers Agreement profiles downstream from regions of strong favorable pressure
between theory and experiment was obtained using a modification gradients were in good agreement with limited experimental
of slun frdchon pribciples Thermodiynamcc behaviner swDi profile dons. Limitationswl the use of bouudary layer
n
proximately pr
eri cribed by moifed Crodnm btegorl which trienformdatons for heated wall flows are presented A Computer
accour.t for nOn-init Prandtl number, and variable pressure program wes ceveloped to predict nonreacting and equilibrium
and/r. -v AjI temperature The boundary layer parameters of the chemically reacting laminar and/or turbulent bourvlary layer
trgnsic.h,.ed ,low were calculated by a method based on the flows for internal (nozzle) and external two-dimensional and
irtegrii equations for momentum and mechanical energy The axisymmetric flows Author
calculi tron method was appl-ed to a variety of turbulent
boundary Iyans wih and without pressure gradint Author N72-20282# Instiluto Superior Tecr:co. Lisbon
(Portugal).
MACH NUMBER EFFECTS IN TURBULENT FLOW
J. J D. Domingos In AGARD Turbulent Shear Flowis Jen.
N72-202 79# Rhode Island Univ. K-ngston 1972 10 p raft (See N72-20273 11-12)
A SIMPLE ANALYSIS Of TWO OIMILNSIONAL TURBULENT Avail NTIS HCS6nO0'MFS09S
SKIN FRICTION WITH ARBITRARY WALL AND FREE- Starting from fundamental assumptions of microecooi
STREAM CONDITIONS thermodynamics and tontinuun' mechanics, the existence of ia
Frank M White and George H Christoph In AGARD Turbulent velocity potential for the flow of viscous fluids was proved as a
Shear Flows Jan 1972 10 p refs Supported by the AF fSee general property The implications are discussed said the roix of
N72-20273 11-12) compressibility as en essential feature of turbulence. anlher in
Avail NTIS HCS600/MF$095 subsonic or supersonic flows, is stressed The apparently
An approach is proposed fir an approximate analysis of the contradictory consequence of zero vorticity in flows which are
two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer under i wide variety of dernveij from a potential is clarified through a dicusaion of
arbitrary conditions An effective formula is developed frin il-s concepts implicitly asaumele in the usual definition* of mean
law-of-the wall which accounts for all of the different paramete s densrty, mean velocity. an thermodynamic equatlion of state
considered The wall law is combined with the differential The resuhs are applicable to general supersonic viscous flows.
momentum equation into a single first-order ordinary differential becui-e the theory is ,oncerned with instantaneous velocity
equation for the skin frictiori coefficient, suitable for computer or fields. irithout separation into mean and turbJlent quantities. The
graphical solution and. in special cases, closed form solulio,ýa solutions fo- nd are asymptotically exact solutio;e of the
Examples are given covering combinations of eight differeni time-depeindent three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for P
effects pressure gradient. heat transfer. "ompressiit.;ty. viscous and comprestsibj fluid which fotlow* a polytropic

curvature. and aqueous polymer solutions The results indicate

tha theitheory is not only the simplest existing analysis of the
turbulent boundary layer but one of the most accurate Author N72-20263# Avco Corp . Wilmington. Mass Avco Systems

A TWO LAYER MODEL OF HIGH SPEED. THREE

DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS AND
3UPERCRIT:CAL BOUNDARY LAYER INVISCID FLOW
N72-20280# Karltruhe Univ (West Germany) INTERACTIONS
AN EDDY VISCOSITY BASED ON THE SECOND Berry L Reeves in AGARD Turbulent Shear Flows Jan 1972
PRINCIPAL INVARIANT OF THE DEFORMATION TENSOR 21 p refs (See N72-2027J 11-12)
Wilh Schoeneuer In AGARD Turbulent Shear Flows Jan Avail NTIS HC$6 00MF$095
1972 10 p ref[ See N72-20-,73 11-12) A two-layer model of the thrse-dimensional compressible
Avail NTIS HCS60O/MF $095 turbulent boundary layer was developea which is applicable to
Equations were derived for the time mean values of flows with pressure gradient and surface mass transfer The
incompressible turbulent flow The stress tensor was considered model op based on the small cross flow approximation in which
to be a function of the deformation tensor The assumption of the spreading metric is determined by the inviscid strermline
spatial homogenity and isotropy led to ediky viscosity dependence paettrn A modified Mangler transformation was employed which
on the sci,•nri principal invarieant of the deformation tensor The pwrmits transfo;mation of thij boundary layer eauations to a
eddy viscosity function contains empirical coefficients wh -h two-dimensional form without translormini the turbulent stress
must be determined from measurements of turbulent equilibnum or heel flux The computational speed of the method is rapid
flows Nonequilr•r•um flows were then described by relaxation enough to ariable equations for the inviscid stream deflec;tion to
equations Equations for the turbulent boundary layer were be coupled with method used for calculations of strong
derived The empirical coefficients of the eddy viscosity function laupercricalt inteiactions, such as in the region downstrean, of
were determined for fl.it plate flow Author the critical point in resa<sching flows of in regions of strong
12 FLL'ID MECHANICS 177

Iowmng Solu'ion of the inner (wall) layer for the velocity. to the computation of turbulent flows other than classical
intiralpy. stress and heat flux was obtained using mining length incompressible shear leyers In particular. the possibility of other
the and the t i layer Couette model This solution led to a metloods of calculating the tehavio' of chermically reacting
generalized compressible law of the wall with mess injection. Iit turbulent flows is examined Author
the outer wake ley.'r an integral moment method was used
along with appropriate matching conditions with the inner layer
Several solutions and experimental comparisons are presented N72-2U287# Delaware Unrv. Newark
Results are also presente1 for relaxing flows where C sub f and A RE-EVALUATION OF ZERO PRESSURE GRADIENT
12C sub H)/C sub I initially are far from their equilibrium values COMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER
Author MEASUREMENTS
James E Danberg In AGARD Turbulent Shear Flows Jan
1972 11 p refs (See N72-20273 11-12)
N72-20284# Offce National d'Etudes at de Flecherches Avail NTIS HC $6 O0/MF SO 95
Aeroepatiales. Paris (Francel Compressible turbulent boundary layer velocity and
APPUCATION OF AN IMPROIED M.XING LENGTH temperature profiles with zero pressure gradient were collected
MODEL TO THE STUDY OF THREE DIMENSIONAL and prepared for computer analysis An assumed equation for
BOUNDARY LAYERS [APPLICACICN D'VN SCHEMA these profiles was chosen allowing four constants to be adjusted
Ap.;EUORE DE LONGUEUR DE MLtLANGE A LETUDE by a nonlinear least squares technique The four constant, are a
DES COUCMES LIMITES TURSULENTE. TRIDIMENSIONN- velocity scale, boundary layer thickness, the constant of the
ELLES] semi log region and the wake constant This equation is
J Cousteix. C Quemard. and R Michel In AGARD Turbulent analogous to Coles incompressible law of the wall and wake but
Shear Flows Jan 1972 11 p refs In FkENCH. ENGUSH uses a generalized velocity to account for compressibility
summary (See N72-20273 11-12) Measurements from 45 adiabatic wall tests were analyzed
Avid NTIS HC $6 0O/MF $095 covering a Mach nurber range from 2 to 6 Of these profiles.
An improve, mixing-length model. previousi, applied to 29 included skin f,•c:=on balance data which allowed direct
twodir.mensional now, is extended to cover the three- limensional evaluation of the universal constant of turbulence (mean value of
case. relying on the assumption that the turbulent sk.qar stress k , 43) thro•agh comparison between the shear velocity end the
acts in the same direction as the laminar It is used to york Out piofile velocity sco!e) The constants of the semi-log and the
similar solutions to the local equations of a turbulent bcundary wake region were found to be independent of Reynolds and
layer with small cross-flow In a compressible fluid with arn'irary Mach numbers A sirmilar ane;'sis was carried out for the limited
pressure gradients, a digitil routine enables sets of transe,,rse number of total temperature profiles Author
and longitudinal boundary-layer profiles and the wall srin-frict on
components to be letermined as a function of tow paramete,%
expresing the influence of pressure qradients A comparison N72-20288# Royal Aircrah Establishment. ?edford (England)
wrih experimental results shows a mees-ire of agreement The SOME BOUNDARY LAYER MEASUREMENTS ON A FLAT
model offers the requisite hypotheses on which to build an PLATE AT MACH NUMBERS FROM 2 6 TO 4.6
integral method of computing thrie-dimens;onal turbulent 0 G Mabey. H U Meier (Deutsche Forschungs-und
boundary layers Author Versuchsansta!t fuer Lull und Raumfahrt. Goettinger). and W G
Sawyer In AGARO Turbulent Shear Flow Jan 1972 lip
refs (See N72-20273 11-12)
N72.20285# National Aerospace Lab. Amsterdam (fetherlands) Avail NTIS HC $600,/MF $095
A CALCULATION METHOD FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL An experimental investigation of the turbulent boundary
INCOMPRESSIBLE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYI`RS layer on a large, thermally insulated flat plate is reported. in
P Weaseling and J P F LUndhout In AGARD Turbulent Shear which Mach number and total temperature proftiles and shear
Flows Jan 1972 13 p refs (See N72-20273 11-12) stress al the wall were measured The measured velocity profiles
Avail NTIS HC S 00/MF $095 Ore found te be in good agreement with theoretical treatments
A system of partial differential equations which can be used '-miljaily. the measured skin-friction coefficients are predicted
as a mathematical model for three-dimensional incompressible fla'-plate ski-friction laws The form of the total temperature
turbulent boundary layers is discussed Certain mathematical proiite close to the wall suggests an increase in turbulent P(andil
properties of these equatio'ns ar elucidated The equations have nurr,'>er as the wall is approached At et! conditions, the wall
a finite ccmain of dependence this fact simplifies the problem of temponature was found to be higher than would be expected in
1
calculating three-dimensional boundary layer flows The equations adiabatic flow :onditinn% while thore was a siotiitantai deficit Of
are solved nume:ically by means of a simple linear explicit finite enthalp, flux within the boundary layer Author
difforence scheme The choice of an efficient difference scheme
is guided by two criteria for the stability of linear difference
schemes with constant coefficients The method is used to
calculate several experiments; flow-s Author N72-2028V1. National Aeronautical Establishment. Ottawa
(Ontario)
COMPARISONlS BETWEEN SOME HIGH REYNOLDS
NUMBER TURLCUIENT BOUNDARY LAYER EXPERIMENIS
AT MACH 4., 040 VARIOUS RECENT CALCULATION
N7;.-20288*# Aeronautical Research Associates of Princeton. PROCEDURES
Inc. NJ 0 J Peake G Brakmziin (McGill Univ). and J M Romriskie
A PROGRESS REPORT ON THE ATTEMPT TO CONSTRUCT (McGill Univ) In AGAF!D Turbulent Sheer Flows Jan 1972
AN INVARIANT MODEL OF TURBULENT SHE-AR FLOWS 70 p refs (See N72-20273 11 12)
Coleman duP Donaldson In AGA!'I Turbulent Shear Flows Avail NTIS HC $60.' MF S0 95
Jan 1972 24 p refs (See N72 20273 11.12) The oblective was to assess the inftl-jence of streamwism
(Contract NASw-1868) pressure gradients upon two dimensional compressible turbulent
(NASA-CA-125904) Avail NTi.€ CSCL 20D boundary layer.; at high Reynolds number5. in the absence of
The resulls of comparing computations usilig a tentative end wall effects and longitudinal curvature effects Boundary
model of turbulent shear flows with experimental data are layers recovering to equilibrium conditions were emphasized
presente'I for the erreify symmeric free fat the twordrmenqinal Messuements were rn"dtt at a Mach 1 o' pr'o-ure d:.trituthc
free shear layer, and the flat plate boundary layer The need for local skin friction and boundary-layer profiles along the internal
more carefully designed and documented free turbulent flow !,urface of a parallel. circular cross-section duct The Reynolds
measurements is Giscussed in relation to the problem of number based on the duct length of 33 inches was almost 50
selecting more refined models Some observations are also made million Results from three experiments are presented, namely a
concerning the application of double correlation closure schemes near zero pressure grPeJlent flow. an adverse pressure gradient
178 12 FLUID MECHANICS

case. and a flow relaxing downstream of a stlp induced transport To perform tooenergy balance, not only velocity trim:n
"searstrion
The boundary layer predictions of all the -,i.thods have to be measured, but also the pressure or density components
weire in reasonable agreement with experiment The outs',aning ol the pressure transport term Velocty fluctuations can be
exception w*$ the discrepancy observed between the calculated measured by the hot-wire technique. in contrast to this. the local X
end exprimental skin friction resultt in the adverse pressure meaurement of the density fluctuations presents a certain
gradient floo's. which wat attribulied tentatively to the static problem. especially if the disturbance of the flow field by a
pressure gradient across the boundary layer in the region of the density measuring would have to be kept as small as possibt3 I
strmarnw.oa pressure increase Author To obtain a local measuwement. a focussed laser beam
Mach-Zahnder interferometer %vasused Th', flow measurements "1
were made for the flow held Liehind a 2 5 cm nozzle at a flow
N72-2020#1 Johns HopLins Univ , Baltimore. Md velocity of 43 m/sac The flow n the conti, of the nozzle at the -
THE STRUCTURE OF TURBULENCE IN SHEAR .LOWG exit plane was laminar or madi-turbulent by the insertion of a
S. G Kovasznay in AGARD Turbulent Sheer Flows Jon
Leslie screen Au.hor
1972 14 - rats (See N72-20273 I -12)
(Contract F4 $620-63-C-0023)
Avail NTIS .4C S6 OO/MF $096 N72-20294# Technical Univ of Cenmark Lyngby Dept of
Results oob,-ned t-, flow visualization techniques have given Fluid Mechanics
insporo.eon for devtiing lauC.L,;e ,models rather then have AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF CURVED TWO
provided numerical dttaii to be compared with experiments DIMENSIONAL TURBULENT JETS
Hot-wire anemometer records. especially by employing appropriate C Sch, artzbach /n AGARD Turbulent Shear Flows Jan
signal processing technqLes have given quantitative cJel that 1972 12 p refs (See N72-20273 t 1-121
can be used comparison with theoretical predictions
for direct are Avail NTIS HC S600/MF $096
Theoretical possibilities reviewed. and arguments are presoned Hot-wire measurements of riean velocity and normal
fThor e aosilte
model consisteng of random sprinkleda but turbulent stress in the direction of flow are presented for the

deterministic flow ., ictures against models based on travelling flow eld generated by a plane t reattachig to a flat plate
waves. A suggestion for a possible form of mean flow predictions adjacent to the let nozzle Measurements were made in longitudinal
schemes is outlined Author and laters. traverses of the curv)d let flow and in the two wall
ltt flows Measu-ements w.,u ,-.,deoin two series for lhirý-,?n
different positions u. the adjacent plate thereby r ovd-;ig data
for differing values of let curvature and let pathlengthr Integral
N72-20291F ARO. IncT Arnold Air Force Station. Tern methods were used on the experimental data to evsluate tre
OFEE TU ULN MIXINT.ACIICALeffect of let curvature on the entrainment along the erternal and
OFinternal boundaries o the curved let Author
Philip T Harshe In AGARO Turbulent Shear Flows Jan 1972
I1I p refs (See N72-20273 11-12)
iContrict F4lu600-7 t-C-0002. AF Frot 97.1; N72-211295# C.hor:.n:a In.- of Ticih. P3ztsdCn
Avail NTIS HCS6.OO/MF$095 THE EFFECT OF DENSITY DIFFERENCE ON THE
A group of models for the turbulent shear stress, ranging TURBULENT MIXING LAYER
Irom the classical Prlndill mixing length theory to the kinetic Garry V Biown and Anatol Roshko In AGARD Turbulent Shear
energy models,. are systematically confronted with a broad range Flows Jan 1972 12 p refs Supported by ONR (See
of experimental data Two sets are developed (1) those models N72.20273 11-12)
suitable for engineering use. and (2) the models which show Avail NTIS HC$600/MF $095
promise of becoming applicable wit,- further development to An experimental study was made of the turbulent mixing
turbulent free mixing. Author layer between two streams of different gases. osipecrally nitrogen
and helium This was made in a flow appatatus. designed to
produce good quality flow at pressures up to 10 atmospheres
N72-20292# Calfomia Univ. L.a Jolla Dept of Aerospace and with run times as low as 1 or 2 seconds High speed
Mechanical Engineering Sciences measurement techniques. including a density probe, were used
JET TURBULENCE: DISSIPATION RATE MEASUREMENTS Shadowgraphs of the turbulent mixing layer reveal a large scale
AND CORRELATIONS structure similar to that in the late stages of instE~dllty
Cad A Friohe. C W VanAta. and CartH Gibson In AGARD development in a laminar free shear layer The similarity
Turbulent Shear Flows Jan 1972 7 p refs MSae N72-2027" properties of the mixing layers are estab4ished from profiles of
11-12) mean velocity and density and from these the boo-I, flu*
(Contract F44620-68-C-OOIO Prol THEMIS) parameters are computed. spreading rate. dissipation rate, shear
Avail NTIS HC$S6.O0'MF $095 stress distribution it is found that a large density ratio e g . 7 1)
A correlation of the mean rate of dissipation on :r.,e in the two streams does not have a great effect on the spreading
center-hinij in terms of the orifice Reynolds number and exal rate. this contrasts with the large effect of Mach number on the
position•le ettablished Measurements of the velocity and turbulent spreading of a free siiear layer at the edge of a
velocity derivative are described for a let of orifice Reynolds supersonic flow A brief analysis compares the effects of density
number of 1 2 x tO to the 5th power The spectrum of the nonuniformiihes in low speed flow and those due to compressr.
"squaer of the velocity derivative was found to be similar to those bility at high Mach number Author
obtained for atmospheric boundary layer flows at very large
Reynolds numbers when nomalized with Kolmogorof length and
time scales Spectre of higher order moments of the velocity
derivative ore also presented arnd compared to Noviro's
predictivoe of thealopret law subrcnges Author N72-202S6i Defence Research Establishment Valcartier
(Quebecl,
FLUID D'A.IAMIC PROPERTIES OF TURBULENT WAKES
OF HYPERSONIC SPHERES
N72-20293# Vereanigte Flugtechnrscne Werke G m b H Bremen J G G Dionne. 0 Heckman. C Lahaye. L Sevigny. aria L
(West Germany) Tardif In AGARD Turbulent Shear Flows Jan 1972 13 p
VELOCITY AND DENSITY MEASUREMENTS IN A FREE refs (See N72-20273 11 12)
JET JAHPA Urder 133r
0 H Weihrmann In AG.•Rr Turbulent Shear Flows Jan Avail NTIS HCS600/MF$09b
1972 9 p refs (See N72-20. 13 11.121 Representative data. concerninq the mean behavior of
Avail NTIS HC $6 O0,'MF 5095 velocity and density in the wakes of '.r.ersonic spheres launched
The fluctuating properties in a turbulent flow are due to at Mach 13 and a pressure times sp' -.o density of '10
convection, diffusion, production. disipetion. and pressure ofrrinches are given The variation with imial distance of tire
 12 FLUID MECHAN:CS 179

velocity. densitly. end temperature defects lend of the velocity and gradient regime are presented The studies were conducted an a
density wak~eradi. are given and are zompared with other !timitar flat nozzle wall for Mach numbers betweeen 4 1 and 4 9, at
data and with schlteren data obtt-rned under the same mot oentumn thicki~ess, Reynolds numbers from SfrOO to 69 300
coniditions Data on turbulent characteristics Such as velocity and at wall -it, -ai-'abatic-wall tampeiraturs ratios oif 1 0 and 0 8
fluctuations uon-lation scale lengths arid wake inte mittency are Complete and often redundant profilie measurer~ens were taken
also nit-irn Finally the totat momentum in the wake is estimated with Vomit-iand static pressure probes and conical 4quilibrium and
Porn the measured velocity and r lass density distributions fine-wire temperature probes The wall sheat and surface heat
Auth~~~r transfer were measlured directly with asi ito aac n
a heat-transfer gage The effect of trie adrrerre -pressure gradent
flow on the boundary-firyer flow structure. friction drag. arnd heat

N72-20297#i Avco Everett Research Lab . Everett. Mass transfer. at, compared w:th zero- and favorable -pressurg gradient
MFASURIEMENTS OF THE INSTANTANEOUS SPATIAL flowit. is discussed A test showing the effec;t of nozzle throat
DISTRIBUTION OF A PASSIVE SCALAR IN AN coaling o,1 the downstreamy boundary layer is also reporoted This
AXISYMbtETRIC TURBULENT WAKE throat cooling caused significant changes in the downstream
Arthur M Schneiderman In AGARD Tu'trulent Shear Flows temperature profiles and trecovery factor wall no effect on the
local wall shear Author
Jan 197? 12 p rtst (See N72-20273 11-121
(Contract F04701 -70-C-0128)
Avail NTI S HC S6 00,MF S09 5
The spatial mrixing field in the turbulent io,,:ke of a N72-20300# eallrstic Resuarch Labs . Abe deer- ?rovrrg Ground.
longitudrinally aligned truncated cylinder at a Mach nui. ter ofl ~
2 5 and a frsynolds numbrer of 1 m.lIpoi ibased on diameter: is THE SUPERSONIC TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAVER IN
observed experimentally using the lasc, planogram technique AN ADVERSE PRESSURE GRADIEN~T EXPERIMENT
Tbs nittantaneous spatial distribution of a tracer material AND0 DATA ANALYSIS
introduced a, the model is characterized statistically by estimates Walter B Sturek and James E Danzierg (Delaware Univ
Newarkf In AGARO Turbulent Shear Flows Jan 1972 13p
of tne probability density function. energy spectrum and
autocovarrance coefficient of the measured fluctuations Wake res%lSee N72 20273 1 1-12)
axis mreasurernents over the region from 138 to 182 bodr Avair NTIS H-CS6 00 MF SO '45
ExPvia-mc-ntal mne-,renients or the profle Character. of
drametars reId turbulent coi'ceritiation fluctuations ol 25% and
skewnesa and kuilosis at 0 18 and -0 16. respectively A th* SUPOCSOnIr._-/1-nii boundary layer .. a region of ino-~ate
centerline intermilttncy of approximately 82% is observed A a verse pressure gradient along rwio dimensional isentropic
classical turbulence spectrum with a well detined brcak from a ramp model are reported 'he data aii for a closely adiabatic
flat in a it to the minus 5 3 power inertial subranp4 is found wall at a tunnel nozzle setting at M 3 54I Detailed surveys of
The autocovariance coeff-cient yields a mairnoSCale which is Prc1SrrC. :ýa:Z P!rSSýCrl-1021 yr 7 w-r ~yri
approximristy half the transverse tscale length The wake boundary made and wall Shear s'rr ss was tyre~ ired usrin the Piesotn,
is ob-servxed to be substantia~ly more ccintorted than had tube technique in addition to the mea 1 profile dali fluctuation
previously been siuspe-led Author data were obtained using constant temp~erature hot-Wire.
anemnometryr in the zero piessure gradient flow upstream of the
ramp model and ni the adverse pressure gradient ftlow along the

N72 202960 Fuischungs- und Versuchsanistalt fu ramp model lurhulent boundary lave erjualorls applicable ito
5 ieuische
Luft ind fRoom.- !n Croetlingen mVost Germanyl compressible nlow over a surface with longrtujdinal; curvature are
AC'CENT ATTEMPTS TO DCVELOP A GENEFRALLY analyzed Corrections for longitudinal c.urvature to the ec-.jaaton
AP~PLICABLE CALCULATION METHOD FOR TURBULENT for conseivation of slreamwrse nromrn-!trm are shown to be
SHEAR FLOW LAYERS small and of the same order of magnil ide as the continbutren of
)nAGAH SgaiFlový
J C oll Tubulnt Jn 172 he wall shear stress The data are shcwn to correl.*e in law of
I C -attsIe iAAN72 2 urblen
1w Sha Jan197 the wall and velocity, defect dimensionless coordinates using an

11vpaif
NTSe N7? 20'73l$1092 integral compressibility transformation that follows directly from
NtIo
CAvail rniC0 d M~ar6 icssd are bae o h Prandtl s mixing lengtit approarmalour of the Reynolds stress
Caf~etlceulation tos disuienod.
aorTe whcite are thaed onsider eddy viscosity and mixing length d stritiutioris for the zero
r.-5i -st !,% no,-.. ld rs
fiery fin vressure gradient boundz.ry layer were de'ermined directly from
1u-ir
which the usual boundary layer appwoarnetrois apply Ini miany of tneo experimenetar oara ano agree ilueiilelivcry w~il, grxrurirxi
t he proposed methods of iris kind thre erirrarron fiui the rinrelir pabl-Shed findings Dile measured value of skin friction coelirient
L fuclustion energy flays a crintral rOle Mie transport eruarrori fri
lhe fleytiolds shear sas-es includes as special cases Prandifl
is 20 pircent less for the flow over the ramp niodel than lortIhe
."64asure gradient flow upstream Author

adr .- ,cosay refat~on and Bradsharnvs li~rnsuptrn of a constant

I
*ec, -"rOn f or tire Miriar: lenglir scale is der-isei fIrIm N72 2030in Imperial 0,ll of Srieni~e ant Tertinofrigy London
Navier Stokes equalionris arid ti~e closure djsiirril~tioirs aie givenlngnrlAuaris ri

ot hatth
turssnpifie ii5~ilOr rCiriry scleTURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS 1T SUPERSONIC AND0
Cijulu tirn u s@Jl itbsoniC aritihrrrs is riot cera fin' )Irilirod~iting H YPER S~O
NIC QPEED S
tie cle~trsr5of ritterert kirrds of flows Tire main neasoirT(itrii
,AT r . lsrr ntJ ltkyI
to, thIis shr'~ ii.4 tourir in ariioversi ii liiilialibi of I! iifrbii Slrear Illows Jan 19l? 9 1.efs -So,. N72 27073
:jrtiulance otidvucroiri terni of irie leriglit s ale equmliwi Ii ir I1 12il
i arguments aie iflusiratertI) rim caicultet resrjii. Aurl!or Avail NTrIS if( Sb W( Nilt $0 95
The griwti. ijt a L ,tiliii iiiO iilriii~lr,a:.'rii, trrj,iii(riay layer over
flat pllac arid .orrlhpfe~sw 5 ri ortie r Iri.lelN N a% itsirletl at a Me--ti
niumnter Of 9 .ocal M'artl itintirii,u tie wcm- 3 aid 9 were
tati achieved ciii a flal rlate try varying ltre .n
`-iine 0 to
N72 20299# Nsvaf rrirrairce Whrile Oak Mq
AN EXPERIMENTAL . TULY Of
'H' COMPPFIES'atfl 2665 deu Thre liral urril Flepirolrs s%iir~
isei wereiwr.i
TURBULENiT BOUNDARY LAYER WITH AN ADVERSE 15000 OrM 760 (I0 Thr, niriar.rer,enirs h.. nowtrierul .. csswr,
PRESSURE GRADIfNT slid hest 11810crol Se li t fim.sure tirfiles
I -toI
A-1riilnri
I P Vuqr...rP! Ftola~rli f too airIl Mivlian. I Yaria I,, -. i05 Ilie t.rri 'ariit Cliii
mei , nieii u., an- ci en .. u,Innl
FiuIat it
A(AAPri, -ititi -i bIf e I
S Cus tI//
`i 1Q 1 ilets IýAle are rsise- l'. ltiSilr i u .i rrrrs z- i

A,4l Ni 1' Ill- it,(jU MI SQg riarinsfer 8e1. rlsiiliinis al MCiii.ii. in......
I *,..I sir,.".
t
It. , e.
a iletdrlwj nt rs[ .-
...Miii. "tClqj~iirri rliro a,- iirs t lsieirc
hil tri i i l.r-.I i I 'r 'he i y as tie,
...
 180 12 FLUID MECHANICS

valu.a out approaching it asyrrirtotically with increasing mromentum glow The essential step is the deforition of a chaiacteaistc

IIof
thickness Reynolds number (Re theta) The boundary layer velocity (qua friction velocity) in terms of a characteristic stress
profiles taken at Mach 9 grew fuller as Re theta decreased, both (qua wall stress) which occurs somewhere in the layer A strong
these results are associated with the slow development of the precedent for such a step can be faund in the usual treatment of
wake comnonent of the turbulent boundary layer profile at high surface roughness So far, the best Choice for the characteristic
Mach numbers Author stress seems to be some kino of average value for the siblayer
Author

N72-20302,v Queen Mary Co~ll London (England)

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE TURBULENT N72-20305# Stanford Univ. Calif Dept of Mechanical
BOUNDARY LAYER ALONG A STREAMWISE CORNER Engineering
O 0 Mojola and A D Young In AGARO Turbulentl Shear THE SUPPNESSION OF SHEAR LAYF'r TURBULENCE IN
Flows Jan 9. 1972 9 p refs (See N72-20273 11-12) ROTATING SYSTEMS
Avail NTIS HC S6 00.'!MF S0 95 James P Johnston In AGARU Turtiulent Shear Flows Jan
A selection of results are presented of an extentive 1972 9 p rels (See N72 2UI273 1',121
4
experimental investigation of steady incompressible turbutent (Grants NSF GK-2533. NSF GK-'6 S0i
boundary layer along a smooth 90 degree streamwise corner. Avail NTIS HC S6 00 rAF$0 fa5
formed by a pairt of identical intersecting flat rilates. with the Stabilization of tu'bulor.! boundary layer type flows by the
freestreamn velccity directed parallel to the ýorneriine Detariled action of Coniols forces engendered by system rotating is
explorations of the flow, with and without exernal pressure studied Eiiperimer'ts on fulIVdeveloped two dimensional flow in
g~radients. included the determination of static 5ressure fields the a long, straight chajnnel that was rotated about an axis
mean velocities wall shear s..isses. and ttrir components of the perpendicular to r'~e p~are of mean shear are reviewed to
Reynolds (turbultent) stress tensor A seconidary flow towards the demonstrate the principle effects of staoilizations in particular.
Corner along the plane of symmretry and outvwardsc from it close the delay of transition to turbulence on the stabilized srde of the
~
to the walls forming the corner -. a viral and Characteristic channel to high Reynold! number as the rotating number is
feature and is clearly reflected in the mean and turoulence flow increased is demonstrated A simple method, that utilines the
measurements In particular. it modifies the relations betweer eddy Peynoids number criterion of Bradshaw. -s employed to
the shear stres~s components arid turbulence energy and mean shoer that rotaling induce d suppression of transition may be
veloicity distribution so as to make any simple extension of prLdrcted for the channel flow case The applicability of the
current mirthods of turbulent bounda.'y layer prediction unlikely predictive method to houncjar-, layer type flows is indicated
to be applicable in such a flow Author Author

Ni? 10303m Office National (i Etuides et cee Recherches N72 20306it Lyor. Univ lfrance'
Aefrospatiales P3ris [France) DEVELOPMENT OF A YURSULE~i 5tOUNDARY LAYER
INJECTION OF A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER WALI. ON A FLAT PLATE IN Aft EXTERNAL TURbULJENT FLOW
WITH A STRANGE GAS [COUCHE LIMITE TURBULENTE G Chainay. G Comte-belot and J Math- in A'iAHD
AVEC INJECTION A LA PAROI D'UN MEME GA? 00 Turbulent Shear Flows Jan 1972 9 p refs -N72 2W273
D'UN GAZ ETRANGERI 1t 121
T Li1i and R Michel In .SGARD Turbulent Shear Flovws J in Avail NTIS HC S6 00 MF S1.0 95
1972 10 p refs in FRENCH. ENGLISH srrrr.mary (See The development ot ý turbulent boundary layer on a flat
N72 20273 11-121 plate was experimentally ir sestigated in the presence of an
Avail NTIS HC S600,MF $095 external turbulent flow generated by grids With reterenice to a
An improved mnixing length model is applieri to tire theoretical turbulent boundary layer eviolving in an undlisturbed flow the
determination of a turbulent boundary layer. iwith transfer of flurd iollowing results were obserred when the external turbulence .
at the wall, and the results are compaieu point by point with level is on-reasing i1l the borundary layer grow,, more rapidly
* available experimental evidence In lire incompressible field 12) the wall shear stress is hrkher. 131 in the auier region of the
there are first provided some solutron- to the local equations of layer tfre mean velocity profit.! becoriris flattri and the law of
en equilibrium bourndrary layer to define the requisite set of the wake is modified In thp same regro r the turbulent levels are
v~ancrty pinfrjia. annj skin ntrirnri law fnr air ir. ..Pirirori with ....... ir a-1d *I.- ..Irh -1shea_-r~ arid tt, unbule~nt
presture gradient Next. the verocrty arid concerntrationi profiles kinetic energy production bucoi.,e large; Various integral length
are worked out for foreign 9?s inj~ecterd Lastly tire solution is Scales at the external turbuent fiow were also used A
exended to cover the gen'eral case of a curipiessibie tluid discernabit! effect was observed on thuj integral Scales (if the
leading to a systematic sr, of results tar toe effect 0f Injection boundary layer only A rearrangement of the external isotropic
upon skin -fiuctior. arid he ~l
transfer shown as a function of Mach turbulence, due to the straini-ig process of the mean existing
numbei and wall ternp'raiire Author velocity gradient in the boundary layer is tentatively proposed
Author

N72 20304C0ifi'i Inst of Tech rasarleria

A SURVEY 'JF DATA FOR TUdRBULENT BOUNDARY N72 20307N lImperial Coll of Scienze and Tectinulogy London
LAYERS WITH MASS TRANSFER IfriglardIl Deptr of Aeor~araticS
Donualrd Goles /on r5ARL)A Turbulrent lurer, Flow. jar. t97ý SOME MEASUREMENTS 3 F THE DISTORTION OF
15
22731
pto! i~e
112jTURBULENCE
N`e APPROACiIING A TWO DIMENSIONAL
Avail NTiS H(' 6 00 M1 $095 BD
A critical cuii is rrraue cof a-rutu'ld!lf erierrrr jia
dl i P W Beairnanir / A6ARDr Tiaurluruiri Sheoar i loAs Jan 1972
turbulentl rouriddry layer'. wirli riia.5 irairti'.- or.I.. atselr- (It I Ip refs ISee N72 20273 1 1 12,
cumn~cilicairg tiectuits such aS camrnr- ssirirlily ant pressurfe gradlientr Avail NTIb HC $6 00 KIF $0 95
Twfj approaches to tlnrj data show firrifwulta promise Thie lurst 5 A descriptior is grven uf the distortion of gruid generated
ncin urs toangi-eraiiuauri TN-6, ;-; ., :r. -, Arut! .. & :;L1 Zc. a , .;r
.uiii b~rx~rb 0-i xixr -W-.. .. a
Sol of iriodified curdoriiraies such thlat tire ctasslrrat sinrillaiit lava1 tuvo itirarvurit aal Wrhen L sul, - L) is rirucli greater thai 1
outside the iiuraye r.eurnii yin air..
a- alur rcii to tIre last whhre L surb fistnesale ull ti.ibutirateii art 1) IS a tvrrrr-ai tioly
detail at least loii nr oirc.Irate PuP
re; ift iSu'.Iu
i U ,.I.ilui r TIa irir
Iiiitrrent~n ii irng 111 tineanie sai x ir
-aei sire amiii I irt arilll uirinh at
seconid aplrraoc.is ... iii -.x rigrat it is air aile ru..p;I" wrireil'e ir-rI pro.. ner. rif jlii re jr, fti~utrr all,!rr...etes liketi O rinsen
tile loin of aniarysis utter i.rsl tIII rli~axtr,,i srii ltw". fun fin' flo.w VWteiea% it I ',- li - 0) is in I1 less thail I tIe turl~uerrr.e is
stear flows5 arici as wake~s ri 1-is -0ti- rI-eyeirii -frall oni rrstiu orte Iry ire iIr fl(
tieafitIj art- tir
i l-or, tniie ... rriirrP
6yrunrerir wiriri xl Il treset rilas 111iIr . es it liru.....ria
ai, a. , ill,rC tir .eiif.iTy I.- io.1 ....... wilt I.- r orh 11i tire vortle
hiiiil
Iand
strolcht.,N When L sub x/O
12

0(Oi) a combination of these

effects is found with attenuation of trnergy at low wave numbert
amulification at high wave numbers Measurements of the,
pressure fluctuations at the stagnation point show that at low
wave numbers thif level of the pres-suire fluctuations can be
predicted by assuming the turbulence to be arcrotationaf

Deveopmet
roy GrupAd,fi
N72 7290
Aeospae
rouplotAaropaýe
Ad."
Author
FUID

Reearcsan
Reearh an
M
1972
ECHA

172-21298
NUMERICAL

Fortin
Lavil Univ (Qluebec)

STOKES ECIUAIIONS
SOLUTION OF
ICS181

STEADY

in AGARD Numerical Mei'-jds in, Fluid Dyn

8 p refs (For availability see N72 2729:1 18-12)
STATE

May
The Navief-Stokes equations of a viscous incompressible
fluid in a bounded domain aft considered 0ily two dimensional
m abe treated but some results and all numerical schemes
ma beextended to the three-dimensional flow Existence and
NAVIER-

Deeomn l, France) uniqueness of solutions are discussed The results easpeilly

NUMERICAL Mj1NOOS IN FLUID DYNAMICSths oc;nnunqeesaesdtoxpinheifclis
J J Smoldero'r ad May 1972 328 p refs arl in e counteredin uhcniqugenesareouse tofepli the
mehdsffAutior
ENGLISH and pantly in FRENCH Prl nonee ntecnegnepof ftemtos Ato
(AGARO.LS.481 Avail NTIS HC S. 8 50
Numerical analysis and approximation ate cons-dered forN2279 inerainl uiesMchesCp SnJoe
gas and fluid Ilow piobler;is in fluid dynamics Navier Stokes and C7alif Ittaiua uies ahne op. o oe
other equations of motion are discussed, as well as various finuite CaMlifCA OUIN O H AINSO
element methods Fot individual titles see N72 27294 throughrEUTOSA IHRYOD UBR N H
ff72 27308 EUTOSA IHAYUD U BR N H
£PROBLEM OF DISCRETIZATION OF CONVECTIVE
DERIVATIVES
IU722724 Vn
tt KamanIr~t
Fl~d ynaics.Rhoe SintJacob fFrom- In AGARD0 Numerical Methods in Fluid Dyn
FG72279
(Blgion i anItfoFu'DyacsRodSit May 19/2 47 p ref IFor avai'lability see N12-?7293 18 12)
INTGenes RYe AReKiSm The esseitials of numerical computation of lime dependent

J J Smolderen fIr vGAFID Numerical Methods in Fluid Dyn nonlinear fluid flows ate discussed The case under coinsideration
May 972 8 p(ForavalablityseeN??2729
18121is that of incompressible flow with viscos ly described in terms
Ma v~a~a
928plo e 7 79 811of a voilcity adsrmfucinAuthor
The t-S' mathematical problems of fluid mechantics areanstemfcio
revierwed adA the various numerical techiriques available to solve

1'
partial diffeir'ntral equations are presented Their advantages and
limitations are briefly discussed Author N72-27300
Greduate Coenre
Polytechnic Inst of Brooklyn

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF VISCOUS ONE DIMENSIONAL

Farmirngdale. N Y

N72.27295 Paris Univ Irrancel FLOVIS

ON THE N:JMERIC,.L APPROX-MATIDN OF SOME 13 Monett. aod M D Salas in AGARD Numerical Methiods in
EQUATIONS /ARISfNG IN HYDROiYNAMICS Ftuid Dyri May 1972 20 p refs Presented at Meeting on
J I Lions ini AC-ARO Nurnnrrcal Methodirs inRud Oyui May Appi o iueia eeiui adr
1972 13 p refy 'For availarbility see Nf72 27293 18 12) USSR 17 24 Aug 1969 (For &iarabrlity see Nf72-27293
Examples are treveloped of eq~uation-; arorny in hydrodyna- 1 12-
nnrcs for the lollowinrio (1l approximation ci1 .ystemsr which are The flow of a viscous. heat-conducting gas produced by an
nor Of the CacyKoraleSka type by systeiri, of that type t2) accelerating piston is anatyzed numerically The formation ot a
Cauchyshock in a viscous flow is stujdied A discussion of accuracy and
the possrbrlitres ot splrtt.-ig the systems )sf the Cauchy Kowalbska Practicality of inumerical analysis of the problem is given It is
tYoe, and t31 the splitting Of coupled systems Author concludid that the assumption of a shock as a sharp discontinuity
is the Only practical way to handle flows whose Reynolds
N72 -27296
APPROXIMATION
Paris Univ ,
OF NAVER
0s y r France) number per unit length is higher than 1 (JO Author
STOKES EQUATIONS
P reman Iii AGARD Nrmei.;al Methods in Fluid Dyn May N72-27301 Polytechnic Inst of Brooklyn. Farmingdile N Y
1512 li, p rels (For availab~iity see Nf72 2729') 18-121 Graduate Center
Methods of approximation of *he lull Navier Stokes equationsACRTAL NLYI OF UM IA EHIQ S
are discussed The protriern unside'ed is the unsteady flow land TH CRIfTICN DRVNALYSISCOF FLORCLW ECNQUS
suiretirries the steady Ilowi of air in.-ompressrble viscous fluid in TH Ml;ont DiRIAVAN INumeical MehF siLludOyW
a bounded domain hneOroolerri Pocssesses a unique solution in 1972 31 p refs iFor availability see N72-27293 18-121
the case nt a two cirensionral flow in the case of a f(Contrar~t Nowr-839038) ARPA Order 529)
fhree dimneniol flow ore orofrern Possesses at least oneAianliso prcdesfrte omuton f
solution but uniqueness is known only when the reclnirs 1.9 andAlanysso prcdesfrteC puilo f
u sult, o are sufficienitly smrall tot Re lixed Ilarmnar flow, Three one dim-ensional shocked flow was made in order to show the
kir.is ethds
f aproimaion
re escibed (1)thepenltyinconveniences of computing finite differences across a
kithds C aperioxiiation
ý methodstoalýtpdecrbd1l
are eto thePeal discontinu'~r, and to prove that th,f use of tha equations of
mtrl11eturairai)fractionall
ltep method, And3uther motion in conrervatron form does not make the resultts more
Iracrora ste nitlioi Auhoraccurate A tachnii.4 re was developed to treat one dimensional
irv-scidl piriblems. aid it is applied to the problem r; -
accelarof ng piston Wavn to predict the formation of a firm
and to follow its evolution are gi-/en Aut .
N72 27297 La.al Urn- lr,0rPrIdr
THE APPROXIMATION OF NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS
F(RA VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS ISUR
L APPROXIMATION DES EQUATIONS DE NAVIER STOKES
DES FLUIDES VISOVEUX INCOMPRESSIBLES) N, 2-27302 Polytechnic Inst of Btt'oklyn. Farminigdale NY
M FIti.dn I R Te~n-, -Pa-.s ui,n , Cursaji `i AGAROj GrAduate Canter
N.n,rneniai Mttrn~ils -i Flril Dpi 1ia 1972 7 t rats In TRANSIENT AND ASYMPTOTICA .LY STEADY FLOW OF
FFflI`il ilr,r -ddanlarrli See N472 27293 18 l), AN INVISCID. COMPRESSIBLE OA~S PAST A CIRCULAR
rI lr'iftlie,.- irrr rr *ria rInd nonfriuin herit aCVtINOIER
inn. riilr
v.-,i~s nra 0-1 nt i Iririi
N
... ent rdoriaii (rriena If tile G3 Moretti in ACAI4D Numerical Methods it, Fluid fiyn Masy
lii l.nr asrif tip -1iiit-riaj t I, as lireshirie sorit I1972 19 p rely (for Availabrlity see N72 27293 18 121
snirih q-en. :,- -iv Ii.iJitrnn, ~ lnn, r air' wrtt 1, tie CO....ia', OAH174C~ 69 C 0(l1 ?i
7
t
flasyr '11 ruiri .f..... i lI-.in,
....iitl art In.1Iii1,
.. v frini al ernalytis is
i.... Ii -tr" rvsc
ofirt flirn. tirodaicai
tii,. TI . iri.. .......
. i r r.n is a- liy a cv~uld"nn -h-chir iri aielerales tuIn...a state oif rest to a
~~i.of
mlip Ili, fi1 tiii .yi
j tiril,iiiiil nI ii P"1i Ii cLro trisgt 5rm.r. s1 .l nd n a gaos3t resr Al. fse nlnies of fire
 182 12 FLUID MECHANICS

numerical solution are explined on Physical grounds Ways are N72-27307 Frerburg Univ (West Germany)
suggested to compute steady subsonic flows around obstacles NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF TIME DEPENDENT THREE
withr a maximum accuracy and a minimum computational time DIMENSIONAL FLOWS
Author K G Poesner in AGARO Numerical Methods in Fluid Dyn
May 1972 31 p refs (For availability see N72-27293 18-12)
The numerical treatment of three-dimensior'.al time-dependent
flows of an ideal gas with constant ratio of specific heats was
N 72-27303 Polytechnic Inst of Brooklyn Farmirngdale N Y
Graduate Canter
~ investigated It is assumed that inside the flow field. no
dricortinurties occur As boundaries, fixed or moving rigid body
THE BLUNT BODY PROBLEM FOR A VISCOUS RAREFIED surfaces and shock waves were allowed This type of gas flow is
GAS FLOW described by the Euler eqtuations with appropriate initial arid
G Moretti and M D Salas lIn AGARD Numerical Methods in boundary conditions The mathematical tools applied to this gas
Fluid Dyri May 1972 15 pi refs (For availability s4* dynamical problem arb (1) the method of characteristics, and
Nr72-27293 18-121 (2) the method of fractional steps Thi application of these
(Conitract Nonr-839(34)) methods is discussed for somne definite probierns. one being the
A time-clependent techn.4ue developed to, inviscid blunt time-dependent inlet flow through a nozzle with a three-
body flows was extended to analyze the visco-us layer regime (a dimensionail shape of its con-our the other the time-dependent
rarefied gas situatior where viscosity affects most of the shock superson-ic flow around blunt bodies with various shapes of their
layer but not the Shock wave itself) Navier-Stokes equations surfaces A conpafrson was made between the two methods
were used To maintain accuracy. the (nonlinear) mesh spacing with respect to the i effectiveness Author
was adjusted automatCicaly to the nature of the velocity
distribution between shock and body In this way, a wide range
of Reynolds numbers can be scanned The technique could also
be used at high Reynolds numbers, when the shock layer is N72-27308 Socre'e Cixinobloise d Etude et d Apptrcatrons
practically rinvigi-id and viscous effe-,ts are confined to a Hydrauliques (Fiance)
boundarv layer Discussion of numerical exponments is given PETULA (PROGRAM FOR TLRBUILENT OR LAMINAR
Author FLOWS) AN EXAMPLE OF A COMPLEX MATHEMATICAL
MODEL IN FLUID MECHANICS IPETULA (PROGRAMME
D'ECOULEMENTS TURBULENTS OU LAMINAIRES, UIN
EXEMPLE DE MODELE MATHEMAfIQUE COMPLEXE EN
N72-27304e Polytechnic Inst of Brooklyn Farmingdale N Y M ECHANIQUE DES FLUIDES)
Gradute CnterM.F Gauthirer ir A6ARD Numerical Methods in Fluid Dyn
THE CHOICE OF A TIME DEPENDENT TECHNIQUE IN Ma 972 13 p refs In FR~ENCH (For availability see
GAS DYNAMICS N72-27293 18-12)
G ., i , GI. N,,ie.a rhd .-. I'- h oxlaei.,r.srcue n m aaee
1972 30 p refs (For availability -ee N72 27293 18-12) identification are presented Limiting conditions and adaptive
(Contract Nonr-839!34H) coordinate systems are considered Conve'qence is considered
A definition of the word tochnica.e. as related to numerical for the nonlinear model Trails] by K P 0
computations of tnie-dependent problems in gas dynamics, is
given Requirements of accuracy, economy, and flexibifity are FY72-33267a Advisory Group for Arirospace Research and
considered A techninque which attempts to satisfy them is Development Paris iFrencel
presented Emphas~s is put or the consistency of the numerical EXPERIMENTS ON MANAGEMENT Of FREE-STREAM
Procedure with tie physical problem The concepts of consistency TURBULENCE
convergence andi truncation error are reexamined Certain Al I Loehike till Inst of Tech Chicaaor rind H MA Naijiti 01l
breakdowns in accuracy occurring in regions of continuous Ilow lisl 0f Tech Ciricaorl Sept 1972 1 13 p refs
are explainred The physical role played by discontinuities and its 59
(AGARO-R 8i Avail NTIS HC $7 7!. CSCL 20LU
numerical count oiprit are discussed Author Thy, e~farls 0f various passive de,,res iscreens perforated
plates porous Irram, and honeycomb-like .-ietriceS formed with
closery tracked plastic drinking straws- on flice stream turbulence
730 (nglndi
N72 Urv Camride ,,gnperng eptanti mean velocity profiles are studied in air vilth hot wire
N72-73Onivl~ngand
Cabrige hiyrrnereg eptarepmometry and in water usriri h,,drcioen bubbles vrsiaalralron
APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT METHODiS IN FLUID 1hese tuitrulence manipulaltors are viewed as operators which
DYNAMICS suvpress the level of the inrcoming~ turbulence and genierate
o H Nome and G deV~ies 'Calgary Univ Alberite In AGARD prtimarilv through doc~.merited instabilities new luihalence with
Numerical Methods in Fluid Dyn May 1972 43 p iefs (For scales characteristic uf the device and its shear layers For
availabil-ty tec N72 2729-' 18 121 honeycombs the rioppression o' the incoming turbulence appears
The classificat,on of finite elerient methods is presented 0 be mostly due v) the inhibition of late-al comPonentr of the
Generalized Lagrang-an and Hermitian shape fiinct one are lurtuating velocily Far most devices it -s conjectured f.iat prart
discussed in relation to thre finite element Ipprurxematron of the eneiqy in the undeis~rihle larger scales of motion drains
Vriatrisonal finite element methods are considered for equilibrium 1
away through the action of the Reynoi'ds stresses of hIn# Smaller
ergenvalue and orOPagatron problems Direct finite element scale larrirnar and turbulent motions lin-luditic; the in%!atrrlitir'sl
methods are also discussed Steely end irirstarady potential flow Thre Performanice of thn inarripurators is -found to deperiri on Iris
porous mnedia flows viscous fl~ow genleral fluid flows, aniT other ( hafacler-olr's 0f lhe -incming tuiliolerice including its freqjuency
fluid errplicatr)ns arc reviewed Irie Ccli finite element method is spectra level and spratiel ilistrbritron arind on the incorininy mean
also considered KP0 flow profiles The effc'ai.y of devices llenierating liign scale
lurrtuletices -ii sinoutliir out 9 i)5 iiooss ir~tesi thy wean
velirirtIy p-iofies is illustrated Anthuo

N72 27306 Boeving Co Seattle Wett.

COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR INVISCID TRANSONIC N73 11202N Adv-scr~ jory furAinsra, Fieerit a8-1
FLOWS WITH IMBEDDOED SHOCK WAVES Uucl~wioment vars itrancer
* EarlI M Murman lii A6iARD Nilirerrcal hi-itlors in- Flund Dyii TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON THE AGARI)
Met 1972 36 1, renIft r aeierlelry see 1471 12193 lB I2I SPECIALISTS MEETING ON TLIRBUIEN1' SHEAR FLOWS
T-um Jeloi-f~rr i)irili5 rela,,rijerrriretlhQJs andi H Mirfiel rol 19/2 21 1/ rs -I oil lieill ,ni I oiii'n
e14ici .. i.iate soltri -1r. rrrresl',eil 1,0lritwii Ui. t13 15 S.1, 19711
tire latest drrlelulrierl lrrjitrr 1 ieswe r iirli
Anrri IA(iAHI) AF 46i Arai.l flbllz If( $3 '
itretnirt ,it J~~c
sh aneS.,are utiesserl Autli,i The ira- -iilo-iiilii alililier 1n, liom
fvlfri~l'
12 FLUID MECHANICS 183

viturs theoretical and experimental ate defined Attevnps were Process. tinciuding chemical reactions Emphasis was placed ont
also made to open avenues which may aid in such studies relativelty lI" mixing systems in which lItre mixing layer may
Data cover general problems phenomena and analytical externd over most or all of the duct close section at The, *xt
techniques relating to the flows Turbulent boundary layers wakes. planes The duct pressure distribution will be strongly influenced
and letij ale discussed E H wV by the thick mixing layers. s-d will be very diffeireant from the
inviscid pressure distribution Three distinct flow regimes aire
shown in the mixing flow. In the first regimei. turbutlent mixing
N73-17248# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and ocruns between the seconderti flow and the core of inviocid
Development. Pars (France) pnimsry flow In the second regime. the inviscid core hasI
SUPERSONIC EjECTORS dissipaed, but a region of invisicid secondary flow exists near
J OmGnoux. ad W~on Kearman Inst for Fluid Dyn ) Nov 1972 the duct wall The third regime occurs afote the mixing layer
164 p refs has spreeid to the well, and the flow io entirely turfolent
(AGAfl~ograph-163. AGARD-AG-163) Avail NTIS HC Author
$11 25
A stale of the art rerview on significant progress in the
desigrn of high performance supersonic ellectors is presentoc N73-262?9j, ;urixory Group to, Ae'ospc,.a Research and
Specific summaries cover design methods for elector systems Development. Paris tFiance) Fluid Dynamics Panel
with second throat diffuster. ejector flow models. ejector designs, FLUrID MOTION PROBLEM~s IN WIND TUNNEL DESIGN
for various applications. anal ducted mixing and burning in coaxial Apr 1973 68 p rels
streams. For inidividualltitles. see N73-17249 through N73- *7253 (AGARD-R-602. AGARD 002) Avail NTIS HC S5 50
A series o' research papers is presented relating to the dcrign
N?3-17249 Dornier-Werka G m b H . Friedrichshafen (West and operatior of '-:w spited and transonic wind tunnels w.ith
Germany) particular emnphas.- on the asoc-rated fluid motion problems
ONE-DIMENSIONAL INVISCID ANALYSIS OF SUPERSONIC For individual titles. see N73- 2165280 through N 73-26285
EJECTORSI
H T Uobelhack In AGARD Supersonic Electors Nov 1972 N73-26280 Deutsche Forschungs und Veisuchsanslalt luer
p 1-16 refs (For availability see N73-17248 08-12) Lull. und Raumfahrt. Pan lWest Germany) inst luer Angewandte
The conservation equations are used to anslyue the one Gasdlynamik
dimrnension~si now patterns of supersonic electors Two regimes THE INFLUENCE OF THE FREE SIREAM REYNOLDS
of ejtector -)porotion. the supersonic and mixed flow, were NUMBER ON TRANSITION IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER
studied. E HW ON AN INFINITE SWEPT WING
E H Hrrschel lin AGARO Fluid Mution Piob] in Wind Tunnel
N473-17250 Dornirf-Werke Cm b.H.. Frieldrichshafen (West Design Apr 1973 1t p rels IFo' availability see N73-262794
Garmar~yf 7
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHOD FOR EJECTOR SYS- The thriee cdinieiSiondl LLnrpi0S~rtle larnirna bo indarV layer
TIEMS WITH SECOND THROAT DIFFUSERS ý-%at, infinite swept wing at diffctel~ sweep angles is calculated
H T Uobehawk In1 AGARD Supersonic Elector% Nov 1972 aild siatbility and transition criteria ate applied to it for frtnslream
p 17.30 rats (For availability see 473- 17248 08- i2) Rey-iolcls numbers ranging frorn values possible nowvaays in
A flow model which permits the determination of starting %.ar-sonic wind tunnels to values typically for lull scale flight
anid pearating characteristics of a sacoind throat slecto.- system The dlistinbution of the inviscid flow is taken from experiments
as derfinted. Working equations are derived end design piroeredures on anirfils and exhibits for subsonic tree stream Mach numbers
deecnbed Thei limrta of application ware disci.ussed and compared supersonic reg-ons terminating in .hock waves at about 20 p~ercent
with experiments Author choid length R,ýsulls r.e grven for four differenlt wing seda~ns
The techniiuues em'jlovedl and their shortcomings are discussed
N73-17261 Illinois Univ.. Urbarne Dept of Mechanical and Author
Industrial Engineering
THE ANALYSIS OF SUPERSONIC EJECTOR SYSTEMS N73-22821 Royal s-rrcratl Establishmenrt Fainborough (Eng-
A 'L Addy Ini AGARO Supersonic Electors Nov. 1972 land)
p 31 -101 refs (For availability see N73-17248 08-12) SOME EXAMPLES OF THE APPLICATION OF METHODS
An analysis of the elector flow model and its implemnentation FOR THE PREO:CTION OF BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSI-
is Presented Overall elector pesrformance charar110tsreti4cs Were11 TION ONESHEARED WINUS
delineated on the bases of predominant flow metchanerr-i which 0 A Treadgold and J A Betiley dIr -uARD Fluid Motion
occur within the various operating relgimeis Data on operating Probl in Wind Tunnel Design Apr !973 1 p refs (For
characteristcs. qualitaivire aspectis uf the elector flow model, and availabili'y see N 73 262 79 17 121
various problem areas or Projected problem areas are cxaminsid The laminar boundary layer was calculated for the leading-
Author edge region of tour selected airfoils for cases where the
supercfilical region is terminated by a shock wave at about
V413,17262 ARO. Inc. Arnold Air Force Station Tenn 20% chord ihe possitulily oi the tarrndary layer becoming
EJECTOll. DESIGN FOR A VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS turb-aleni before the shock wave is the., considered according
Delbert Taylor Ins ACARD Supersonic Elector% Nov 1972 to foui d~toirent criteria lea-ting edge contamination. re-
p 103.163 ref. (For availability see N73-17248 08-12) lemninerixation sweop instability an'I T.,llrnien Schlichting
([Contrect F4OeOO-e9 C (0001) instability Man, simplifying assumptiion-& have tred to be made.
Methods end techniques developed to improve the perform- sinue the purpose of the report is dic-onsliale how the problem
once and applicat0ion of various sjtl~or designs aer examined migtili be treated. rather thai to present ilifinitnve results. and
Dota cover fixed value Simple dersign arid variable area / variablet I 1)w the variwus rrectrairsnt aie se~en ii conpirct-oir it is
piressure, eltctors I HW cocue t ire
mtoul nrreeds to he i-nowir uoforo' lrediclions
can be made confid -niiy with in e degree of Chrecisici. Autho-
N73-17263 ARO. Inc. Arnold Air Force Station. Tenni
ANALYSIS OF DUCTED MIXING AND BURNING OF N73 26282 Roy~l Aircraft fEi5 ,-rshmenl Bedfo~rd rErglanr')
(LOA.XIAL 11IRI11AMS THE NEILL PVJI4 HItJH H11rN(LLi: -NUM91:R TRAN6i)NIC
C E Peters In AGARD Siupeirsonic Ejectors Nov Ito72 T UN N r I5
p 185 167 eots(For svsnIlb!;-r, 4oe N73 1Jt'8 08- 12) C F1 lIi, t. It, ,-iARFt) F1%vi Molre Protil in Wind TuiriCI1
(Ciontract F40600-69-C 0001) Desirgn Al- 19?t2 13 p refs (for aveil-itnriry see N) 3 2621-1
An extenaseit theoretical and exjsrrmentsl investigation of 17 12,r
Jucled mixing was coinducted The basic objective vias lv' develop The tires, girire Sti,. of Iaursi i.......el cannot a-imulate
an adequate eninee",4ring theory to describe the dlucted nining lull scale flo-i- at r.1111,a' wl~oirll of ite flight eri-elvuped fon many i
 184 12 FLUID MECHANICS

crntaircraft designs and there is an urgent need for new N74-12042# Imperial Coll of Science and T--chrnology. London
tunnels which would permit model tests to be Made at Much (England) Dept of Aeronautics
higher Reynolds numbers New tunnels are proposed that would EFFECTS OF STREAMLINE CURVATURE ON TURBULENT
allow good simulations of aircraft shape ito be made for a wide FLOW
range of model tests ltris limits the maximum turinel total pressure P Bradshaw Paris GARD Aug 1973 36 p refs
to about 8 bars; A Reynolds number range which coer abu AGARD-AG- 169. AGARDograph- 169) Avart NTIS HC $4 00
half the fluti-Cale range is advocated, demanding a working section Streamline curvature in the plane of the mean shear produce
are* of about 25m squared The tunnels would have low levets surprisingly large changes in the turbulence structure of shear
of free-stream turbulence and be capable of operation under layers These changes are usually an order of maqnitude more
conditions giving little heat tranotfer to the .-nodal Running times importapt than normal pressure gradients and other explicit
of at least 10 sec are tequired Author terms appearing in the mean-equations for curved flows The
effects on momentum and heat transfer in boundary layers are
N73-26283 Royal Aircraft Eslabl.shrr'ent Bedford (England) noticeable on typical wing sections eno are very imjorlnt on
*ON THE INFLUENCE OF FREE-STREAM TURBULENCE ON highly-cambered turbomnachine blades. turbulence may be nearly
*A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYIEF.. AS IT RELATES TO eliminated on highly-convex surfaces while on highly-concave
WINDTUNNLSBSONCTETINGAT SPEDSsurface momentum transfer by Quasi steady longitudinal vortices
* dominates the ordinary turbulence processes The greatly
*J E Green in AGARD Fluid Motioni Probf in Wind Tunnilenacdmxgrtsofwilgjtsndhehrceitc
17r~ Ap-931p2eFraaiaiiyse 7-67 non-turbulent cores of trailing vortices are also consequences of

Pubriuh~ed experimental measurrrrnents are reviewtid which the affects of streamline curvature on the turbulence structure
Ato
Show the turbulent boundary layer to be highly sensitive to
turbulence in the fnreestream in zaro pressure gra raent a smallN7418 3. AisrGour r eopaeRerc an
inceas
tie tremwie
i ms alcit tuctuatro', is found to Development. Pai-s iFarancel
heve the same effect on the shipe of the velocity profile as a ARDNMCITREEC NUE YRATO
CONROLSAI NEFRNE NUE YRATO
fractional increase in Reynolds lumber roughly sixty times is
FONWROSai conelDuasCr -utngnBahClfV
great It is concluded that thy effect needs to be taken into
account in planning new wind funnels for s ibsonic and transconc L A Cpase tMcDonnell Douglas Corp -luntington Beach Califf
an A Case Wilson.ned iougasa Corprac White Oaldif
Labinto
testing at high Reynolds numrber Further experimental wosk is
needed to clarify the importance of turbulence scale, the influence aDe 6E
197 Wisn relsNvlOdrc a hieOk
DeAc ogap 1733 AGRD6
r3eAalfTsC565 1
of pressure gradients and influence of rad-ated prossure lax
oppoed o cnveced
oitcity flctution AuhorThe Ilerature pertaining to tire interactic-i of a sonic or
supersonic gaseous let with j, tranisverse external flow Pas bern
N73-26294 rd
-,ts-.~ f;uu.lue e~vrmw I Th. fi~wf-IvdS h~cnc .nzeraý:.cq.&
!3d-.:
Ludt urid Raum fahri Berlin inVest Germany) Inst fuer conri~lea and kiiuwvlerige of them is based largely on results of
T- irbuteni forSc hunig xperirnents Numerous exarnroes of data lionm flalatpae esperi
EFFECTS OF TURBULENCE AND NOISE ON WIND TUNNEL ments are presented These include static Pressure distribution
MEASUREMENTS AT TRANSONIC SPEEDS induced forces Ilowlield survey -iiO flow visualizatior results
Adalbert Tirrme In AGARD Fluid Motion Probl in Wind Tunnel Analyses and correlauan techniqtues for let initeractiorn fI".%. are
Design Apr 1973 12 p rets (For availability see N73-26279 discussed The region. upstream of a let in two dimenSional flow
117-121 5s similar to the flow upstream of a forward-facing step and
Current knowledge 5s review el of the effects of 110w the flow associatedj with a let from a circular nozzle in a flat
unsteadiness on steady and dy~namic measurements on models Plate resembles lire flow past a blunt nosed slender body The
in wind tunnels at transonic speeds It is found that in most single most important variable in determining the scale 0f thiese
Cases the inlluen~e 0f the pressure or velocity fluctuations on interactions is the ratio of let momentum flux to the external flow
flow patterns such 3s bo-indary layers with transition or separation dynamic pressure Whein thy external flow is subsonic tIre
bubble flow or Shock intzrartion is quantitatively known from interaction is sensitive to exiternal flow Mach number in the higjh
experiments only for patlicular parameter Lombinati~ns No subsonic Mach numb~er range and ro the ratio bel-..-n let and
external flow velocr'y in the low Macti number range Author
universal information about the turhulen,:e effect in dilfjrent
situations is found nor is there a general theory r~cioding all
ouseived elfects at ronaitroirs on interest Ol~ny in the case of a N 74 18924m Advisory Group for Aerospace Res.ears 5And
*turbulent toundary lave. at zero) Pressure gradient a rtuantia- Development Paris lhrancii
five relation is known between the turbulence in the free stream DIGITAL TECHNIOUES IN TURBULENCE RESEAI4CH
and the boundary layer dlevelopr-ent It is concludid thereforeO. C H Gibson ICailif Univ Lar Jolla) and P A Libby. ad (Calif
that new experimental work using advanced measuring techniques U-rrv I Dec 1973 30Cr P is
(Contracts DAHC04 72 C 0,-)37N00014 69 A-0200 6006
a nd a secured theoretical backyrfour~d is urgently needed for NDOOt)4 69 A 9209 6039 trn NSF (-A ?tRiijj
planning new winrrd tunneis for tr'nisonic testing at high Peynolds
numbers Author lAGARDograph. 174. AGARL) AG- 1741 Avail NTIS HC 54 5U
Rapid Advances in electr~tiic infornmat ion .,rocessing capabrlr
lies are providing powerful tools for turbulence research Massive
ijuantlili-s if experimental information are necessary to char
N73 26285 City Unry London Eriglarinil Deli: of Aeronau accentse most turbulent flows given the Iprimitive nature of
tics theoretical understandling in lire field Analyt-cal tregtmenrls are
DESIGN OF VENTILATED WALLS WITH SPECIAL ES)- euually devrendcrrt on powerfil high speed comnputers to cope
PHASIS ON THE ASPECT OF NOISE G-NE RATION with the nmost truncated form of tlire full turbulence pioluem
B Cy nd M M Finextorie Ii, AGARD Fluid M.-nA-iitrio
Probt in Wind Tunn.el Desgir. Apir 1973 7 p ef-l. lFor
teavalabriry see N 73 262 79 1 7 12 1
Thre parameters mnfluencrig thi. design ,Ii venlilavini -,,ri N 74 229 14o Advisone irnup for Aerospace Research and
r:.i rur.!ý mciPa.-
z

ftiy such walls is afnalyzed 0, Arawn i1 ari arralrrits Itinlwreri resrjt ADVANCES IN NUMERICAL FLUID DYNAMICS
f-_mn flows past INv ilermprSrorai A-1.-s ;)ii: tie ifisi iSIC Feb 1973 146 p rets
Nrq.erliei tories reial"l lriniulmlwills sri- 5uytr~rAGARL) LS 64; A-jil NTIS I-IC S)1,0

... Ii 1iri: I .r Iris I nrrllv Lecturrs are preserited (ior the theory o utiorericail stab~ility
arle -art0 atl, it1 tieC e cfiiir5ii., 1
i~ni iee01 for latear andJ nonlinear fryfireiholic anti Iranafrotic ecluations.
%,uirie cnoltille iit.r.. l -, rrlnii~ rr trI iiA

.als5 are dip-njsrwi A,, 11.ur fundamental aspects of integration jjionedires fur nonlinear flow
 12 F..UID MECHANICS 185j

Prozblems including shocks by finite difference techniques- arid finite difference approximations enable acceptable computation
fundamental Concepts extensions. and generalizations of the finite times Several results of sample calculations demonstrate the
element methods For individual title%. see N74-22915 through application of the method presented Author
N74-2292 1
N74-22919" National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Ames Research Center. Moffett Field Calif
N74-22915 Uppsala Univ (Sweden) Dept of Computer SURVEY OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR THREE-
Scinces OIMENSIONAL SUPERSONIC INVISCID FLOWS WIIHI
SOUNDARY CONOITIONS FOR DIFFERENCE APPROXIMA- SHOCKS
TION Of HYPERSOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS R W MacCormack and R F Aarmiog /" AGAHD Advan in
Mainz Otto Kraiss In AGARD Advan in Numerical Fluid Dyn Numericat Fluid Dyn Feb 1973 20 p refs (For availability
Feb, 1973 13 p rile (For availability see N74-22F 14 14-12) sete N74-22914 14- 12)
Time dependent probl4ems involving the pirocesiles of wave Hyperbolic systemis of partial differential equations gr~verning
propagation and diffuaion are dealt with Solutions are given for supersonic inviscid flows are discussed and analyzed Finite-
calculating the boundary conditions and the diffrrreni.e approxima- difference analogues for :ntegratrng these systems in the interior
lion for hyperbo~ic differential equations in one SoiCe dimension of fluid domains are des:ribea from two points of view a
Separate ~solutions arc shown for equations in florae than one dtferenlral foin, appo~ach and ar, integral form approach TheI
"spe dimension 0 LG atgorlthms presenaed are ancilyzed for str'i-Wiry and accuracy The
concept of time splitting is discussed and supplied to these
N74-22916 New York Urriv. N Y Courant Inst f Mathematical Methods to achieve increased numrerical efficiency Techniques
Studies fo! troatir g condtinl(IS at the boundaries c' the fluid domain
NONLINEAR TIME DEPENDENT PROBLEMS IN FLUID and shock-ways discontinuities at surfaces withir. the domain
DYNAMICS are described AuthorI
Samuel Z Burstein In AGARO Advan in Nur -erical Fluid Dyn
Feb 1973 20 p refs (For availability see N7 t229 14 '4-12) N74 22920 General Dytramics.-AstrOnAUti1cs San Diego Calif
Three nonrsnelar problems in inviscid fluid dynamics 31`6 Aerospace Div
discussed First we consider unforced finite art plitude vibiations A SURVEY OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR 20 AND
of an undamnpfr gas in a resonant cavity The elect of amplitude 3D TRANSONIC FLOWS WITH SHOCKS
on *he vibratinnal frequency and wave shape is obtained by H Yoshihara In AGARC Advan in Numerical Fluid Dyn Feb
nume.cal integration oft the complete nonlinear aqualtons The 1973 35 p refs (Fur availability -ee P474-22914 14.12)
second problem is a nonlinear vibration prob'em with I niles More recent developments in thre calculation of steloy
amnplrtvie motion generated by a thermal forcing function The transonic; flows with shocks us.ng the finite difference procedure
forcrinii function is repiesented bry a dilute spraý of combustible are reviewed For the pilanar case the unsteady procedure of
I fuel droolels in an oxidizing environment in the last problem a
computation in transonic flow is described
MaQ-j-5ynjhna,?h 3eet thet st-!Sdy teixfo
td p-ciceduoes
Author i-f Muiman-Cole ismal. d-sitrirbarice) Garabedia7-Korn texacit
and Jameson (exact) are described stressing their viabil-ty r
N74-22917 Von Karmen Inst for Fluid Dynamics. Rhode-Sairit- particularly in terms of their ability to Capture the embedded
Genesis (Belgium) shocks properly Numerous examples are presented The review
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION OF NAVIER-STOKES EOUA. is then concluded by a description of esveral axial symmetric
lIONS and three dimerrjiona; calculations carried out by NASA Autho~r
H J Wirr and J J Smoldereii In AGARD Advan in Numerical
Fluid Dyn Feb 1973 13 p refs (For availability see N74 22914 N4291EibrhUi Soln)FudMcaisUi
14.121 NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF FLUID DYNAMICAL STABIL.
The Eularran form of the Navier-Stokes equjations is analyzed ITY PROBLEMS
A system of partal differential equations is obtatined by expressing M A S Ross In AGARD Advan in Numerical Fluid Dyn
the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in Eularian Feb 1973 24 tj refs (For availability see N74 22914 14-121
coordinates Several categories of bc'.indary conditions are Various theories are reviewepd which led up to the modified
considered togeltherl with selected discretiz~tion metnods TheRalihmdlfrintapiuedsubncsTeeivio
requirements of convergence consistency aind Stability are dealt Raylroerigh odlfi fnthe arSmplitud eqdsuraties The deivenationg
wiha
secsowl sth ccrc aderr onswilth
0 LG
applications to, parallel flow; bounded by solid watts. pkine
poiseuille flow and eiqenfunction expansions Piolished nump-icts .
methods and modeti. f'V the dtevelopiment of turbulence are
N74,22918 Techniscire Hochschuie Aa&rten (W&estGermany) reviewed whicý; include implicit meti'iros. explicit .`ethods single
Aerodynamnisches Inst function methods parallel function methods. and the treatment
NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF SOUNGAAY-LAYER PRO6. of orthonormatization Z)L GI
Egon Krause InsAGARD Advan in Numerical Fluid Oyn Feb
1973 21 p rels. (For availability, see N74.22914 14 12)
Finite difference soistoans for three-dimensional compressible
tarsnmar and incompressible turbulent boundary layers are
discussed in detail Several finitis difference approximations areI
introduced with their respective stability limits as obtained from
a linearized stability analysis and numner-caf calculation The
importance of the dorriar.n of dependence and the region of
influence in three dimensional birundarn layers is elucidated The
equations of motion are given in orthogonal and iron -citfifirgonet
coordinates A di~scuisson of surface and external t1irw orisntaeter
system of coordinates is included For turbulenr flows the eddy
viscosity concept expressed through a mixing length is adopted
f-, !1rrr r* i Tri tr 1hii t-'b iytjl ! tht- ! 'et Ti-n
different apprcxirnatioris used in the recent literature f 0 ,rjcosure
attun.,t~ons are compiared with the transport equations for the
cumponants of the tiribit!ert1 shei-riig stirssy vi three d-inernsrrnsi

1< flows as giver try Efladariaw The finite difference solution

nrploý-ed is an implicit inne which does riot res41uireadditiional

assumrption, fur the lamr uil~ye, Seo,-rd armt f wtiforer

*13 GEOPHYSICS Preceding page bWank 187

13te GEOPHYSICStoirs
13 EOPYSIS
r redrawn from the original data.
ad iocotors f te mdeloutut oreach sonbon Ajvhor
Includes aeronomy upper arid lower atmosphere t!tudirts. N74-14086 Air Force Cambridge Research Labs.- L 6r Hanscomr
oceanlographyv. Cartography. rgnj geodesy For related Field Mass Ionospheric Physic.s Lab
information see, also 20 Meteorology. 29 Space Radiation. A NUMERICAL MODEL OF rEC OVER THE MhiJITER-
and 30 Space Sciences RANEAN AREAI
John A Kiobuchar In AGARD Numerical kiodelis of Total
Electron Content over Eurotpe and the Mediterranean and
NMN722 L"#ATUREw OF ou fERAI AeoLUR Reerc rn Multi-Station Scintillation Comparisons Noy 1973 pr 1G-22
Development. Paris (France) [o v-ai-yseN4104O-3
NOMECLAURE
F TRRAI COOURA nurrrscal computer program subrotitine model of the totsli
I C errAry (Hedqurter
Avatin Cetre Midle allelectron content !TECI of the ionosphere over the Mediterranea;.
SCl P err 1972aduar Arm Ain to CenIHpatreyMiddl FRENCH area was constructed using mean seasonal data taken at
Original contains color illustrations tesGreeDtfaforesns- vilbendaepae
fAGARO-AG. 159. AGARDographI159) Avail NTIS HC $3 r0 numerical model representation of the data was made foi each
A Simple method b'ý which color may be unirversalty season The TEC of the ionosphere produces an additional delay
identified i3 described and illustrated The system is desiged to in the travel time of radio waves over their free spae velocity
function ;- a preclite color identificastion scheme rogerdiees of Thus a numerical representation of this additional time delay
language translation or individual interpretation Such a System IS car, oe useful in planning and operating such systems Author
important in air-giround communications of aircraft and spacecraft
and various other scientific endeavors where eaactnem, to N74-14087 Air Force Cambridge Research Labs L G Hanscom
necssary, E HW Field. Mass Ionospheric Phrysics Lao
MULTI-STATION OBSERVATIONS. NOVEMBER 1971
MARCH 1972
N73-22- S0#i Advisory Group for Aerospace Research arid Jules Aerons In AGARD Numerical Models of Total Electron
Developnment. Pairs (Fiance) Content over Europe and the Mediterranean and Multi. Station

I
TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT AND SCINTILLATION Scintillation Comparisons Nov 1973 Pi 24-29 rot-; (For
STUDIES OF THE IONOSPHERE availability see N74 14084 05 13)
Jules Asarns. ed AFCRLI Mar 1973 112 p refs In November 1971. observations of the 136 MHz beacon
IAGARD-AG 166. AGARDograph. 1661 Avail NTIS HC $7 75 of Intelsat 21`2 became possible in Western Europe With the
The current state of kr.owiedge of ionospheric total electron advent of miltistatian observations in Western Europe, a
content is outlined wilt' special emphasis placed on theo North **~**i**- ~!cy ilon I.-ld rjaiS hiiesmp frttihl.
Atlantic rc~ion of the world due to NATO special requirements Ato
in thfi; region A numerrcai r,.cde, of total electron content valid
l or-ar the European continent under certain conditions, is presented
t
N74 14088 Air Force Cambridge Rer~eaich Labs , L G Hanscomn
for Systems engineering use oi an Average naclcground total Field Mass Ionospheric Pfhysiirs Lab

[Icontent electron content correction Typical value! of totil electron

are also given at various locations in the high, middle
and equatorial latitudes Wlih more observatioral1 data being taken
THE EFFECT OF THE AUGUST 1972 MAGNETIC STORMS
ON SCINTILLATION
Jules Aarons and Eileen Malinn (Emmanuel Colt i n AGARD

wide behavior of this important palrameter is beginninig to the Mediterraneran ano Murlti Station Scintillation Comparisons
emerge Author Nov 1973 p 30 44 ret iFor avairabritlý see N74- 14 j84 05-131
3 Daring the period 2 August to 10 August 1972. a series of
flares on the sun triggered another series of geophys.r-al events
The rer fling magnetic storms were )f great intensity with K
N7J4-1 4084# Arlvisory Group for Aerosroace Research aiso sub v' reaching values 01 9. the maximuni indler twice The
Development F,,irr' Francer effect on scintillrations is of interest in two ways First, it providle'
I NUMERICAL MODELS OF TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT
OVER EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN AND MirULTI
a worst case period so that a long time interval can be
analyzed Secondly it provides a rest for tins descriptive moode
STATION SCINTILLATION COMPARISONS Author
,dohn A Klo)buchar ti.FCRLI and Jules Aa.ons iAlC61L, Nov

1973 50 p) refs
[AGARD AG 166A AGARDogiaph 166&ki Avail NTISI
A numerical model oh the total electron content over Europe
for sunspt minimum conditions was descrihed arid a complete
computer subroutine of the model is given A Tf . irrodel value
was obtained from the subroutine by sperilyrrj a season for
one of the sala; flux~ conditions contarnert ir) rthe model a
gleographic iallude and a local nime Coirip.iitr drawri isocoritours
of the original TEC data are shc-sn aliriiLi with ciiiitpris of the
inoriit Outputi For indjividual titlies s-i t1`74 14085 through
fN74 140388

N14 14086 Air F,,ir.e Car rid.cge Research Ldl '. L , Hairsconr
Field Mass lonoSprieri '.hySiCr.Latr
A NUMERICAL MODEL OF TEC OVER EUROPE FOR
SUNSPIn~ MINIMuM CONDiliONs 2
Jobn A Klnii.iifrar /I, AGARO Numerical MWowes ofiTtlal
* fi" i~ron Corirerrnt _0e irlir(,, and ihe Medrli .arrair, a-t
M ,III Srarr.of, sciririlarif i(.~riiior No, 1973 1. 2 l"r '01"
* I,'availafrilit r,.y 4 14084 -5 I ~rr
he iriefficieiýts riecessarf to determine IEC at arry lr)cai lime.

ai'd ltitudje for ia'.hi of rire tifeneir 5i$'i Als-, sh, iii
 14 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY Preceding page blank 189

112 THE BENEFITS OF A TOTALLY INTEGRATED

14 INSTRUMENTATION AND RELIABILITY TEST PROGRAM J J Bussaclin. (Grumman
PHOOGR~hYAerospiace Corp.) 21 p rats ([See N7 1-36788 23-16)
PHOTO RAPHY13 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND SYSTFMS
includes design. installaitrol. and testing of instrumenitation FiELIABILI CY B IE Baker (Royal Air Force. High Wycombe.
Eng'arid) 7 p [S"t N71-36789 23-151,
sslatais gyrnscopes. meaasuring instruments and gages.
recorders transducers. &*(,*I photography, and telescopes
and cameras N71-36777# McDonnell Aircraft Corp. St Louis. Mo.
Ei.gineering Raliability
TECHNIQUES OF SYSTEM
k
IN711-200102ii Advisory Group for Aerospace Reseaich and CONSEQUENCE)
RELIA131LITY ESTIMATION.,
INCLUDING FAILURE EFFECT ANALYSIS (FAILURE
Oevelocpmer' ParfisiFiance) W T Sunnerlin In AGARID Raliability of Avionics Systems Jul
A LITERATURE SURVEY ON THE GYROSCOPE AND ITS 1971 29 p rets I(See N71-367 76 23-14)
APPLICATIONS Avail NTIS
Heiml
Urrv Sig
cci irurqar
71 2 p elsThe reliability estimation cf an avior~ic system., which
-AAD582 71i Avail NTiS inclui~as gross estimates. rapid estimates. and detlailed estimates
A cosoldatd
I Dfszntd
!~tigo al knwn nclssiiedis discussed Probability of attainment is then studied by
consoWidhated sat~in
avilal toiescintedof allknowine
un fsired selective reliability allocation among subsystems, followed by
tomercwial aores redilcaaabentaon scenticts and encrin-a ellu asi~ feasibily estimates based on experience, complexity. failure rate
L
comrrer~aisoucesdocuenttio
Cel~' andciiibl assvel
ccpora e libraries Each eritiv cries the arhor prublicalion yea;
~summations and.or other effective techniques Constraints
including allowable degradetron. alternative mode operation.
title documentation center source and a brief h~tfsact 01 ite work environment, operator effectiveness, and excellence of
6Author maintenance will peiMit improved estimates failure mode and
effect analyses serves to guide conceptual design decisions so as
to eliminate single Point failures5 and identifY areas for judicious
application of redundancy. requirements for high reliability parts.
special environmental Control, and beneficial choice of operating
profile Author
N71 -36776# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Development. Pars (Franca)
RELIABILITY Ot AVIONICS SYSTEMS N71-36778# Radio Corp of America. Moorestown. NJ
Jul 1971 191 p rats Mostly in t:NGLISH. partly~ in FRENCH CORRELA .TION BETWEEN ESTIMATION TESTS AND
W*f -- Af.11-7 '"7 n odn2 1S; SYSTEM OPERATING DATA
of AARDItsLecure
eris N 471971 9 p rat* (See N71-36776 23-14)
IAGAD-Li-47711Aval
NTS A~sdNTIS
The relationships between estimation tests and operational
CONTENTSreliability are studied by regresaion analysis The analysis
I ANDSURIVAILIT
REIABLIT E eonianincludes equipment complexity and average mission length
t~rumanAerspae Crp Eleen quimen Plceswere tested and results show That in
2 TEHNIUESOF
REIABIITYESTMATIN.
SSTE eveal csesthereliability surpassed goals established for the
INCLDIN FALURIFILURE
EFECTANAYSI
CNSEtess Rsuls aso ndiatethe tests may be used to refine the
1o) 29 p oef- (See N7 1-38777 23- 15) nyoincsytm r sdfrleterastanmauatr
3 CORRELATION BETWEEN ESTIMATION TESTS AND 11HW~t
SYSTEM OPERATING OAr A M M Tall (RICA. Moirrertown.
14J.) 9 p refs ISee Nil1-3877@ 23-15)
4EFFECTIVENESS OF RELIABILITY PROGRAM ELE- N71-36779# McDonnell Aircraft Corp . StLoiM
MET unri ~~nal
ii1111 ILus O 9 p Engineering Reliability
[Se PROVISIONS-1b EFFECTIVENESS OF RELIABILITY PROGRAM ILLEMENVS
M MM Tl RAMorsonNJ) res (See W T Sumarlsn in AGAPD Reliabilitiv of Avionics Systems Jul
8 IHRLAIIYDSINTCNQE PLE TO Avail NTIS
TH UNPMDUEiJ usliiitumnAerospace An opinion is given of the probable relative importance of
Corp) 34 p refs (See N71-36781 23-15) reliablity program elemritos including reliability requiremi. it
7TESTING THE RELIABILITY OF AVIONIC EQUIPMENT evaluation and allocation. proof of attainment. parts control.
FOR SPACECRAFT APPLICATIONS G Vollhardl (Sermens AG) design surveillance, failure analysis and design correction, and
lp
10 iSee N71 36782 23.15)1eiblt rgesiesrmn Autho.
* ~~~8 METHODS OF SPECIFYING AND CONTROLLING rlaiiypors esrmn
DESIGN RELIABILITY J J Bussolini (Gtrum.man Aerospace
Corp) 19 0 rafti(See N7l 38783 23.15)
9 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROGRAM TEST AND N71-367800 Radio Corp of America. Moorestown. NJ
ItUSER SUPPORT COSTS M M Tall iIFCA. Moorestown. N J) COST EFFECTIVENESS OF B3UILT-IN TEST PROVISIONS
9 p ref. ISee N71 36784 23 161
qi RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROGRAM TEST AND M M Trill In AGARD Reliability of Avionics Systems Jul
UJSýfl SUPPORT COSTS M M Tall IRCA. Moorestown. N J 1 1971 8 p refs Urle N71-36776 23-14)
9 p refs [See N71-37858 23-15) Avail INTIS
11) -YSTFM OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND Tha feasibility of using built in test provision& (BIT) ag a
THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE TEST PROCESS W T Sumerlin means of improving operational effectiveneAs of airrai.sht
IMcDonnell Airciah. Sl Luuis. Mo 8 p refs (See Nit 3e796 discussed The primary purpose UlfBIT is tn indicate Io the user
* 231151, if the proine eqiuipment is ýipeirating sa,.sfioctorily It provides
11 TECHNIQUES OF ANALYZING ACCELERATION information upon Which a decisionr to abort modify or continue
P Blanquart (Centre Nall d Etudes do* 7alecomniunicalion, a miss~on may be based Sit may also ýne applied to passive
L.annion Fiance) 8 p (See Nil 341787 23 231 devices In highly complex, equipment All may indicate degrade

~eime.II~as~s-lilaa~swha-. V
MIw 14 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
190

performance of portions of the equipment as wall as catueslrophic used as an index of reliability to describe mes w~erationaI
failure. and indicate the usatof any alternate mods of operations requirements and to relate these requirements to tests arid
The cost effectiveneas of BIT is aleo discussed E H W. verification observations The limitations and constraints of IiiF

N71-367810 Gwummen Aerospace Corp. Bethpege, NY N71-36706*# Centre National d Eludes des Telecommunica-

HIGH AEUAIIILITY DESIGN TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO TECHNIQUES OF ANALYZING ACCELERATION (LA

THE LUNAR MODULE C1B TECHNIQUE DES ESSAIS ACCI LERCS)

SJBussaolini In AGARO Reliability of Avionics Systems Jul. P Blenquart In AGARO t~ee Reliability of Avionics Systems Jul
1971 34 p refs (Sea N71-36776 23-14) 1971 18 p in FRENCH N71-36778 23-14)
Avail NTIS Avail NTIS
A description is given of the significant desiCn techniques The reliability of electronic components after acceleration
applied to the lunar module to aTtain system reliability The use tests is discussed The effects of vibration, humidity. and
of system work-arounds. functional redundancy. hi-rel parts temperature on degradation are considered Mathematical
models end regression analysis are also discussed E HW
screening. successive stage building tbock testing. vehicle
tealin']. overstress testing, failure mode and efftct analysis anid
many other techniques are described. illustrating their ielative
Author N71-36787 ' Grumman Aerospace Corp Bethpage. N Y
importance toward the success of the program
Engineering Operations and Administration
THE BENEFITS OF A TOTALLY INTEGRATED FZELIABIL-
N71-36782# Siemens-ý,chucksrtwer~e A G. Munich (West ITY TEST PROGRAM
J J Bu~ssolini, In AGARD Relieirilily of Avionics Systems Jul
Germany)
TESTING THE RELIABILITY OF AVIONI"Z EQUIPMENT 1971 21 po rfs (See N71 36776 23-14)
Avail NTIS
FOR SPACECRAFT APPLICATIONS
Guenter Vollhardt fIn AGARD Reliability o. Avionics Systems The t'enefits derived lion' a totally integrated test program
97110 p(Se 2314)in
Jul N713678 torms of cost, schedule. and resultant system reliability are
Avail NTIS4
To ascess the stress limits and failur-a modes of spacecraft
equipment. mcodels were constructed and tested under variousj N71-367118# Royal Air Force. High Wycombe (England) Strike
stresses and environmental conditions. The lests show failure to
Command
be caused by error- .;I mechanical or electrical design and drift AND SYSTEMS
nf elocitcal atii mtcleanical parts. Circuit analyses as well as OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
ri-echaica! and ct.tctests we:* cor.,!uctcd HWRELIABILITY
83 E Baker Ir AGARD Reliabiity of Avionics Systems Julz
1971 7 p (See N71-36776 23-14)
Grmma Crp
Aeospae othnile NYAvail NTiS
N71-678#
N71-675# GumrlanAerspacCop Btl~a~e NYThe Problem of decidilng what reliability to specifj and how
Engineering Operations and Administration to ensure that this reliability is achieved is discussed An
METH-ODS OF *!PECIFYlNG AND CONTROLLING DESIGN example is given of trade-offs between reliability and
RIELIAIBI U T rraintainabririy aln pirlomance parameters The need for a
J J Sucsaiolini ifr AGARD Reliability ul Avionics Systems Jul. formal reliability program is stressed and parts of this are
1971 19 p refs (&ee N71-36776 23-14) discussed in detail The value of reliability testing at the end of
Avail NTI1.r development is illustrated by a costedl example Author
Some examples of techniques used to accomplish early
determination of system and equipment reliability requirements
the molhods use to specify these requirements and the N71 -36789'i Sandia Labs. Albuquerque. N Mex
HICGHae NdIT aNT AIEC B RDoAlDsoNG HApr F971 9p re
contractual techniques used to test and demonstrate compliance AEC Dnlsn Ar 919p rf
to specification requirements are examined Incentive- -penalty Sponsorded b nd
contracting for reliability is discussed including recommend~ations SpnoedbdE
for retlaing these incentivel; and oenalt~es to conventional and tlC OR-? 101941 Avail NTIS
modiieftdemosi~tiontesttecniqus AuhorA Dign intensity direct reading neat flux gauge is rrecticibed
tst
modirar echnque
de~nstatrn AuhorThe device can be use'I under a wide variety of field lost
condit~ons The gauge is a quasi-steady stale type and offers
o Amric. NJadivintarefs
*~reI~w
Radi Cop over both ihe steady-state and the transient types

N71-36764# Rai opo mrc,"lcrbon JBecause :iie signal output is directly proportional to the incident
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROOF.AM TEST AND USER heal flux. -fata reduction errors are minimized The device haes
SUPPRT CSTSthe capabiliti of a secondary, transient type measurerment which
1971 9 p refs (See N71-36778 23-14) conducted in w~lich the measurem,nis obtained from the diriedt

Avail NTIS reiguewI oprdwthmaueet bandfo

The significant factors that should be included in a os real gauge
aclbae ste-dystcomarged
laysaegueAto otinedro
tho
Aihmusree
NA
ownership analyser of avionic equipments are discussed The
value of reliability inprovement efforts, including AGREE type
teal programsi. are assessed Author
N7 12 9483a AdJvisor,, Group foi Arios0pirCe Rerseaich and
Developimenit Paris (Fran-c,!)
N71-36786# McDonniell Aircraht Corp. St Lorils. Mo AVIONICS IN SPACECRAFT
Pih Hartl arid John E lwiiii,. eds Selp I'j7 349 pi refs
SSEntfneigM etbly
SYTMOPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND THEIR Proc of Ihe 220 Tech Syrup of Ihe Avionics Pane: of AGARD
RELATIONSHIP TO THE TEST PROCESS Rome 31 May 4 Jun r9ýIt
Jul (AUAR) CLP81 /1II Avail Ni, "ti I-I't t)u -'A iotftl
W T Sumnerlin In AGAP.D Reliability o1 Avionics $ystems
1971 8 p refs (See N7t1-36778 23-14) The proceedings of a Lonfe ince oni avionics6 for SIAcecraft
fori raNnTereiblt1o5 ytm ~'wr atpre~1 isenteit
echimitment
Stiilitlrl discuihed aie i i rni-;oelsdlion ic
(21 sorin-conrliicioi deviiz.s (31 attitude ,unirrlol systemsr
Indlicerord. frriignreibltofassm cd r 4
analysis design ) reroute sirrisirs 15i dlad 1 ,oe P~- 1-J-01 "r~i"t (6? satellite
unit through burn in teste larlure and corrective
171 ilesilni of :elrrnetiv arld tiscnirnirarrd
awiiiiraiiisui
chanirs., are riscussed Mean lime between failure (MTBlF) is

oi-, *~- ~--

14 INSTRUMENTATION ANGr PHOTOGRAPHY 191

links for interplanetary sptace probes A total of 31 papers was N72-194O88, Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer
N72-1 9514 fuer Satellitenelektronrk
SOME NOVEL METHO'DS IN FAILURE ANALYSIS
rigt PttesonE Ress end G Ress in AGARO Avionics in Spacecraft Sep
Ar
Frce ystms
N72-9480 ommno.
N721944# r
FrceSysemsCamarl. WighP~t~rifl1971 12 p refs (See N72- 19483 10-14)

AFB Ohio Air Force Avionics Lab Avait NTIS HC 36 00 MF SO 95

MICROELECTRONICS FOR AEROSPACE SYSTEMS Methods of conducting failure analysis of integrated circuitsI
HVNoble In AGARO Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 are discussed The application of scanning electron microscopy
11I p raft. (See N72 -19483 10-14) for nondestructive tests in failure analysis is described The
Avail NTIS HC $6.OO/MF $095 modes in which the scanning electron microscope is used are
The reasons for the entry of the USAF mit. microelectronics , presented The types of failures which the scanning electron
some significant recent achievernents. and predcfcions Of microscope is capable of detecting are oescribed Author
microelectronic devices that wilt be available for aerosp.ce
sytstms for the 1975-1980 time period are presented These
prel.ictiovia are based on the extension of advances made during N72 143489uv Montecatini Edison XMilan (Italy)
the past few years plus estimates of results of current and future INTEGRATED CHECK-OUT SYSTEM FOR SPACE
USAF programs The following types of devices are cover3d 01) LAUNCHERS AND AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
digital and analog circuit devices lot computer and data Mauro Falleni in AGARO Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971
processing (2) integrated microwave devices for both receivers 16 p refs (S-ee N72-19483 10.1 4)
and transmitters. (3) integrated circuit devices for high date rote Avail NTIS NC $600. MF $95
transmission. (4 integrated circuit -antenna arrays, and (5) size A completely integrated system capable of performingj all
reduction possibilities for computers based on use of advaInced the necessarv operations for rhe check-out of space launcheic of
microircuts Athorthe 19170 s generation and for aircraft systems is described It is
to be considered as a general purpose system Any kind of
Arcrat
N72.9"6 Royl Etabishmnt.Farrbuiughreal-time operatio)n necessary for check-out operations arid all
(nglstnd5fS oyal Airraf Esalshet frboogthe post -flight computation can be carried on without external
ECHNLOG
HYBRDMCR~;RCIT INTHEBRIISHaids The general philosophy ot its conception is such that
NABTIDNA MIACEPRCU TEHOOYITEBIIHcrtain
RAT attributes such as simplicity. modularity. minimum

H D Fisher In AGARO Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 specialization allow fot the widest possibility of efficiency and
5 p, refs (See N72 -19483 11) 14) expansion possibly required for future, more elaborated check out
procedures A number of degiaded levels of operation is allowed.
Avai NTI 095theIIC$6 OMF lowest of them being the manual operation level, in order to
Experimental equro.ment to be flown on the X3 satellite in face different emergency situations Special consideration has
the British national space program is discussed Arguments are be ie ctemnmcierltosisadt h
befncgicyov anen antemandmtacineorerationshp Audtothor
presented in support oi the use of iryuiid iiiiiii.isfiv ,5-i
efcac fmitnneadrpi prtosAto
high quality. low volume production of electronic circuits The
cu'ront techniques are described a~id easons for the choice of
technologies are given Pr~ocess and component yields areN719 0PMneai EsoSpAMln(Ily
examied AthorCONSIDERATIONS ON A StlaS'fST!:M FOR HANDLING
COMMANDS AND STIMULI FOR AN INTEGRATED AND
AUTOMATIC CHECK OUT OF SPACE LAUNCHERS
Mauro Falleni In AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971
N72-19436# Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsarsisalt fuer 19 p, rots S~eeN72 19483 10 14)
Luht und FlaumiahrI Oberplatfenhofen iWest Germany) Avail NTI S HC S6 00 M F $0 95
CIRCUIT DESIGN FOR SPACECRAFTS WITH COMPLE- A description ulf the stimuli and commands subsystem for
MENTARY MOS INTEGRATED CIRtCUITS the EUROPA 3 launch vehicle is presented A description of the
W Scniambezck in AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 organization and functions of the system is given Data
10 p refs (See N72 19483 10-14) transmission format and message structure are examined The
Avai NTIS HC $6 00- MF 5O95 required circuits for handling th.P data flow ire presented
The application of complementary metal oxide semniconduc- Problems concerning the reliability of transmitting and executing
ltsr Il-MOSI t. pai--irah And commercial erruipment is z stri-utu-, arid. c: -, ri are analiyzed and parteiily strlveil

disciýssed The use of C MOS 'or electronic clocks and portable Orther aspccts of the inter faces between this subsystem and the
instrumentation is dlescribed The advantages resulting lio-n low oither part of either the checkout system oi trio vehicle have
power dissipation _id high circuit flexibility of C MOS circuits oeen considered and solved in reasonable detail Author
are ex amined Some of the special considerations required in the
design and operation of C-MOS cirrurts are explained Author
N72-19-491- Phii:ps lGloeilampen-'abrieken N V Goloriop
i Netheilandsl
ANS ATTITUDE CONTROL SUB-SYSTEMS -

eserch
N72 94871 Cmmuncatons ente Oiaw.F Variti()erloo in AGARO 4 Avionics in Spacectafi Sop 1971
in12194-07 Comncain ReerhCnr ta.p (See N72 )3483 10 1 ,
AN IMPROVED APPROACH TO SELECTION C.F HIGH Avai: NTIS HC S6 00 MF $0 95
AELIBILTY EMIONDCTORCOMONE4TSFORThe attitude control sufisysteir-. airc onboard computer for
riTEIBILIT SEO'MICNUTR CMPNFT O the ANS satellite are (1~scussc.' The ANS is an astronomical
satellite for uitiavirlet 3-d X ray measurements in space A
A R Molozzi And R F llaylhornthwaite In AGARD Avionics indecitoorhe51- :pesnr Te-uemlSvte
Spacecraft Sep 1971 7 p (See N72 19483 t10 141 ecito 1tecr~~ speeiidTeruurruneo h
NiF$095attitude
AvailNTISHCS60 cuont-l subsyste-ri and the onbioard coin-fluter are
NTIS NC
Sevaleto 00e
dre impov quait o$095onvco analyzed The subsystems aie desceibed cn-J their i aious mrod"e
u mpov te uait
Seeconpiceuis 0 5r, ~ndctrof operation a.-e cAr~rinod Author
devices used on the Alouette ISIS satellite program are rdiscussed
frie lace of reiratili-ty irinerent in mass piiuii~uuin ul
semiconductois and the impact on the design of satellites with
fietotn er iespan isdescribed The method for choosing N72 19492# Selenia SpIA Roirre ilralvi
semnicondurtor devices in order to obtaiii maximum coinlonent THREE AXIS R F ATTITUOE SENSOR OF A GiOSTATION
reliabiliity is presented The inte~relal-i on f ciicuit design` and ARY SATELLITE
compornent selection is examninerd Author Benitia Palurnti', Ir AGARO Av-oiuci ,i Spacicrcaft Setf P171

-d"~
 192 14 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY

17 p(See N72-19483 10-141 determining the Satellite a~ttiude during the transfer and final
Avail NTIS HC $6 00- MF SO095 orbit The system conrists cf sensors of earth infrared horizon
A three axis radio senso, for satellite appitcation is and sun sensors The magnitudes to be observed and the type of
described The system measures the attitude error of a thiree-axis information to be obtained in connection with the operational
stabilized gerostationart satellite with respect to an earth station rond-ions. are analyzed In addition the results of the
that transmits d RF beacon signat A phase comparison computations deveiopeo to optimize the parameters of the
two-dimensional system on-board the 4atellite is used for sensors and to u~stablish the system accuracy. are described
measuring the pitch iend roll errors The error around the yaw Author
axis asobtained by comparing the orientation of the linear
polarization of the on-board antennas with the polarization plane
of the ground transmitted 5ignal The system and the design N72t19497ii Off icine Galileo S pA . Florence (Italy)
ciiteria of the components are firesented. The pointing error SCANNING RADIOMETERS FOR METEOROLOGICAL
sources are analysed and the accuracy of the system is SATELLITE
V Rizzo In AGARD Avionics in Spaceciraft Sep, 1971 11 p
evaluated The required characteristics of the ground itation areo
indicated with reference to the system operation Aulhor refs ISee N72- 19483 10-14)
Avail NTIS HC S60O' MF S0 95
The characteristics of imaging radiometers for niechanical
elixLftah AsfesunsG m b H . Heidelberg
N7-149# scanning from a satellite platform in the infrared and visible
N[WestG 93 edieLrmahanuy)etu spectra are discussed A survey of the experimental objectives
THE ORALIRAD: A FLYWHEEL FOR THE STABILIZATION and their influence on the choice of spectral band to be used is
OF SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES preSeited The trade-of! between quality of picture and physical
Henz Wehde In AGARO Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 properties of the radiometer are examined A typical instrument
7 p(See N72-1S483 10- 14) is shown in order to describe the nature of its operation Author
Avail NTIS HCS600 MFS1095
The application and operation of flywheels for stabilization N72-19498#i Messerschmitt-Soellxow Blohm G m b H.- Munich
of synchronous satellites is discussed Optimal relations between (West Germany)
angular momentum. size and weight are calculated Rules arSAELTTLVION YTM
the use of ball bearings are established The characterislics of a SAELT TELfVISIO R SYZ
AioiSTEM pcerf Sp17
brushless. dc motor with optics; commutation and permanentI
magnet excitation are described The electrical anid mechanical I1 p rats (See N72-t9483 10-141
results obtained from various configurations are summarized Avail NTIS HG$6 00:MF SO 95
Author The Operating principles of a satelle television recording
sestem with no moving mechanical pants are presented The
television recording is performed by continuous line scanning
a. ?.x~s:~cmiI O~C~.*
F2-I.43~ ~ C-~ ~- ~with constantly open aperture The scanning line is divided by
Is, %1ssc~zhm1Su~kc-riSlcýi Gý bSeVersi
72-9494 mirror strips and led to vidicons By insertion of prisms
(West Geimany) tnis line sections can be dJispersEd spectrally The essential
ELECTRONICS OF A MASS SPECTROMETERchrceitcoftessmwt mpasonnseesoi trospc
Sep 1971 7pcaatrsiso h ytmwlepai
VGerbei Inr AGARO Avionics inSpacecraft Author
(See 101)i rding
r7s148 are described

Avail NTIS H $6 00 MF$SO95

A quadrupole mass spectromnete zonirsrlinq of an ion
source. mass analyzer, multiplier, and as~ociated ýJectronics 5N72-19499,% Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough
described The mass spectrometer will ineasurs- the apsolute tEngllindl
abundaca.es of neutral atmospheric constituents ard the reiatrveI AN~ EXPERIMENIAL CANOrPUS STAR SENSOR
P Hasklel fIn AGARD Avionics ii' spacecraft Sep 1971
composition of ambient ions The various atmospheric p-ar,,metiiri.
which can be determined by combined dita fcxrn thre irass 1~3 p .,t% ;'.m 1172-19483 10-14l)
spectrometer, impedance probe, retarding portential and neil' al Ava-! NTIS K'. S6 0C.'MF 10 95
atmospheric temnperaltue experimants are discussed /Author Tfrt Canopus star sensor and its application to the stabilization
cf the X4 technology satellite are discussed The modes of
operation performed by the spacecraft to check the parameters

iiN72.19496# Marconi Space

Forla (nglnd
and Qete,,,e Systems Ltd -of the sensor ate explained Subsidiary experiments which ma,
te c:)nduct~ed try the 55nqis during the -issrron vie eei
Ato
METHIODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF THE EARTHS
HOrIZON AND EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION TO
ATTITUDE DETERMINATION OF SPACECRAFT
G G Fuller and M L Reynolds in AGARD Avionics in N72-119SO0e Lincoln Lao. - ias. Inst of Tech . Lexington
Spacecraft Sep 1971 9 p ijs (See N72-.19483 10 14) THE USE OF VISIBLE LIGHT SENSORS IN SPINNING
Avail NTIS HC $6 00/MF $095 SATELLITE CONTROL SYSTEMS
The attitude .ietermriiation of earth oibaing satellites by F Williams Sarles. Jr In ACARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sap
;ensing earth radiation is discussed Various classes of missions 1971 8 p refs (See N72- 19483 10 141
and their relation to the different classes of earth sensors are Aejil NTIS HC $60DO ýMf $0 95
examined The earths radiant field for visible and middle infared The application of visible light sensors in spinning "ftertlte
wavelengths is described Examples ol several missions are control systems launched duriij the Lincoln Experimental Satellite
presented and the sensors designed to fulfill the requirements of fLES, piogiari is discussed Earth location nformation risie in
eatch mission z.ie analyzed Author either an intermittent or continuous sensing operation is described
It is concluded theI an accuracy of one tenth of a degree should
be realizable in circular syrichionius. near equatorial oerbits
Author
N?2 19-496N Officine Galileo Sp A .Florence iltal,,r
SENdSORS OF THE EARTH INFRARED IIORIZON AND
SOLAR SENSF)RS FOR SATELLITE ATTITUDE DETERMIN
Ar (IUP 1`72 19501- Ccu::zfc fcr:~q uid iI c!-nsh1nsta fuci
R Beldlassini FontanatIln AGARD Avionics iri Spacecraft Sep Luft und flaumfahrt Olbeitlalleiriholen (West Germany)
1971 iO po refs (See N72 19483 10-141 THE APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY MOS CIRCUITS
Avail NTIS HC'k6 00. MF $0 95 IN PCM SYSTEMS AS A QUALIFICATION TEST
An analysis - resented of a, senrsor syster-r. to bre placed on Mantleud Motel lin AGARlU Avionics in Spracecraft Sep 1911
boDardofI a geostatrun ,ry spinning satellite for tlie purpose of 6 p rats :See N /2 19483 tO 141
 14 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY 193

Avail NTIS HC $600iMF $095 N72-196044 Standard Electrik Lorenz A G. Stuttgart (West
Two electronical devices, which are implemented with Germany)
complementary MOS-circuits are described One of these systems PROGRAMMABLE PCM TELEMETRY ENCODER FOR
was part of an ESRO-payload. by the aid of which photographic SPACE APPLICATIONS
and photometric measurements in the soh X-ray region had been D Palst in AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 4 p
carried Out during a sounding rocket flight The aim of the (See N72-19483 10-14)
experiment was an investigation of the sun corona The etectronical Avail NTIS HC $6 O.'MF $O95
subsystem of the experiment had been developed for the The function of the programmable PCM-Encoder in controlling
measurement of the intensity of five emission-lines and for the the data handling necessary for transmission is discussed The
convers on of these results into a PCM-signal The second device programmability has many advantages. since the specifications
is a quarts-clock with a PCM-output. which is installed in a change from mission to mission There aore pre-wired and
recording current meter fur an application in oceanography It is programmable functions The generation of the control date will
specified for a very low power consumption and has to be achieved by a device within the encoder, very similar to a
demonstrate the long life qualities of complementary MOS-circuits small computer The program loading technique is compatible
for the undersea current meter is expected to have a lifetime of with nearly all command systems The weig-t of an encoder is
one year Due to this long time and due to the necessity of low within the range of 1 to 3 kg the power consumption varies
power consumption. the seaprobe is an ideal platform for i from I to 4 watts depending on the bitrate Author
qrathfication test of components. which are provided for an
application in spacecrahs Though both devices have been
developed as functional support for other experimenters, they are N72-19605# Marconi Space and Defence Systems Ltd .
technological experiments of our institute and part of our Portsmouth (England)
activities. to test and to introduce new components Author USE OF COMPUTERS FOR REAL TIME SATELLITE
CHECKOUT
M A Skinner In AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971
N72-196502 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnborough 5 p (See N72-19483 10-14)
(England) Space Dept Avail NTIS HCS6001MF $095
DATA STORAGE FOR SMALL SCIENTIFIC SPACECRAFT The application of computers lot automatic testing and data
processing during the checkout of satellites is discussed The
A C Christmas and A H Spooner In AGARD Avionics in rationale for selecting a digital computer for data processing and
Spacecraft Sep 1971 5 p (See N72-19483 10 14) automatic control is explained The requirement for the checkout
Avail NTIS HC $6 00.'MF $095 to encompass all performance parametei,: and the amount of
The reasons for on-board data storage are considered time required form the basis for computer use The skills
together with the type of storage necessary This covers required to produce and use a computer controlled checkout
Spacecrafh status continuously changing experiments, survey or system are examined Author
totalismg experiments and the organization of data into a form - _
which is suitable for storage These considerations together with
telemetry and ground receiver requirements eflective!y specify N72-1906.o IBM Italia. Rome
the performance of a data storage system Practical examples AN APPROACH TO NATURAL LANGUAGE FOR
are given showing how the requirements have been met The COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
development, testing and orbital performance of an endless loop A Lanzara in AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 *9 p
tape recorder including the mechanical techniques used to meet reft (See N72-19483 10-141
the reliability. power and flutter iequirements are described Avail NTIS HC $6 OOrMF $095
Future needs are considered and compared with possible The development of a user-oriented language for effective
developments Ic give a forecast of the type of data storage man machine communication ,s discussed The feasibility of such
which will be employed in later spacecraft Author a language for command and control purposes is examined
Different language models are analyzed and the bears for
selection is explained The influence of batch processing and
on-line processing on the selection of the appropriate language is
described Author

N72-19603# Royal Aircraft Establishment. Fainborough

lkngland)
A MODULAR SPACECRAFT PCM DATA CONDITIONING
SYSTEM
L Smit, and K McDonald (Marcori Space and Defense N72-19507o Lincoln Lab Mass Inst of Tech. Lexington
Systems. Ltd) In AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 A VARIABLE COVERAGE SATELLITE ANTENNA SYSTEM
17 p rofs (See N72-19483 10 141
Avail NTIS HC $6 00,Mt $095 A R Dion and L J Ricardo In AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft
The PCM system developed for encodin.J and formatting Sep 1971 13 p tefs ISee N72-19483 10-14)
data on board spacecrah is described A set of standard modules Avail NTIS HC $600 MF $095
hai been designred which can be arranged in various ways to A millt beam antenna system and combiner switch capable
meet (he many demands presented ty !he program Within each of producing a variabJe-coverage radiation pattarn ate described
module componenls are welded either to a nickel wire or a The antenna consists of a waveguide lens ilhlminated by a
nr:kle-mylat nnterconnectron matrix and then encapsulated to 19-element feedhorn array The combiner switch consrsts of a
form slim cards These are assembled and wire-wrapped to a corporate arrangement of variable power dividers, the latter is
back panel to produce lunctornAl units such as an encoder or made up of two phase shif•ers and two cýnvenhional hybrid
decoder Integralrd circuits. purchased to rn house specifications power dividers An earth coverage radiation pattern with less
which call for 10% inspection da .111stages cit nianufacture and than 2 d6 ripple and an antenna gain of 20) dO is obtained by
le'st. ha~ve boeen u~sed ,vhatevef p~ossible The system accepts dais equally exciting all oeams of the multi beam antenna •
ir 3 forms (1) digital in paratrel or (2r seria form and f(3 Limultaneously Excitation of a sirnqle feedhorn
m ulanena
e in
,analnox ,i th- ,3ng-x plru or 5 v'"!t Thc analoguc data
5,r-..S narrow beam e.-.rlt an anten.. Vari. ul 30 dB .,.d a ,ear-ru
is converted into B bit words prior to inserton into the main side lobe level less than minus 20 d8 The side lobe level can be
data stream The raximum :ate is 8.000 samples sec which reduced appreciably by appropriately exciting the edifecent
corresponds to a bit rate of 64 kiH System feasibility was feedhorns The frequency bandwidth corresponoing to 0 5 dO
demonstrated us-ig a putotype model and this has been decrease rn antenna goin ia t0 percent A technique for
developed and engineered into fully operational X3 system computing the radiation fpror5ertre, Of the s.ilenna is described

I Author Author
194 14 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY

N721950S# Deutsche Forschungs und Veisu=h,.instalt fuel N72 19612# Royal Aircraft Estabinshment Faronborough
Luh and Raurmfahrr Oberpflffenholen (West Germany) (England)
DESIGN OF TELEMETRY AND TELECOMMAND LINKS MEASUREMENT OF ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERNS
FOR INTERPLANETARY SPACE PROBES ON SPACECRAFT
E Stolle In AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep i971 ;6 p A Stembridge in AGARO Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971
,eof (See N72-19483 10 141 tl p (See N72-19483 10 14)
Avail NTIS HC 1600 MF $0 95 Avail NTIS HC $6 OO!MF $0 915
The concept of spacecraft.eanh lelecummunrcalron links is The measurement of antenna radiation patterns on ,acticaah
presented and various system parameters wrth their influence on telemetry and lelecommand antennas operating in the VHF
link performance are discussed Of particular interest are l11 (136 - 149 MHz) and UHF (435 470 MHz) frequoercy ranfieb
power division between carrier end cdebands. (21 modulation is discussed Measurements have been carried out or. out door
mdices, 03) denodulalion/detectron losses of RfFreceiver (4) ranges by full scale and model techniques which are dercibed
subcanrrer deriodulalof I5) bit synchronizer 16) number of Facilities tor making measurements nave been limited to models
subcsrvierS. and parameter tolerances The design criteria such as we:ghrng less than 100 fb A new facilcty. now under construction
data rate bit error tale. and spacecrafl effective radiated power ursing improved techniQues and capable of handling models up to
are discussed An optlmlzton method is given based on a SO0 lb in weight is described General techniques and methods
criterion of minimum required total signal to noise ratio at the of presenting results are explained and typical antenna radiation
receiver Examples from the link design tot the HELIOS solar patterns are given Some comments on merits of anechoic
probe demonstrate the practicaliy of the approach Author cham-er and ouc door methods of measurement are made
Author

N72-19509- Royal Aircraft Establirnsent. Farnborough N72 19513o Office National o Etudes el de Recherches
iEngland) Aerospatlal•s. Paris (France)
SOME CSPECTS OF MULTIPATH FADING IN AERONAUTI- AUTOMAtIC TRACKING OF G-SWITCHED LASER
CAL SATELLITE SYSTEMS RANGEFINDERS
M J Sidfcrd In AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971 Roland Moreau hi AGARD Avionics in Spacecraft Sep 1971
15 p refs I See N72- 19483 tO 14) 12 p rely In FRENCH ENGLISH summary See N72 19483
Avail NTIS PiC $600 MF $095 10 141
Informatror is presented which allows estimates to be made Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MF $0 95
of the amplitudes and Irequencies of the fades whicn Occui in a The duvOrnatic tracking of 0 switched laser rangetrndeis is
s5uellite to aircraft radio link due to interference between the discussed Subjects presented are ilt programmed tracking
unr-.t waves and htire reflected trom the earlhs surface A through ephemerides 12) inoapendent tracking using cariometric
wide range of conditons is covered involving reflecting surface data. and (4) semiautomatic tracking The acqursition period for
prnp~iiin frP1i-y adiiifnitnrsdtrfn or the rarlo waves a-riaft eAlh sysrii is srtdivi with nwimp.rs on, 1-1y 1,,, tin...

antenna radiation paliern. and satellite elevation angle valelIs Tes, efleot u tf Iherul se fiau einir s ai ,1yved w-ry ,
Experimental evidence ot multipath tading over sea and ice is ihere is a partially random displacement of the target Author
included and recommenda'rons are made for the aircraft a•rai,
characteristics required to reduce this fading Author
N72 19514. Royal Aircraft Estaullshmenl Farnb.uiugh
,nglandl
CHIRP MODULATION SYSTEM IN AERONAUTICAL
N72-1910N Deutsche Forschuny;- und Veisuchsanstalt fuei SATELLITES
Lulfl und Reumfahrt Obetpfaffenhi-n {West Germany) G W flarnes D Hir1t andt 0 J James In AGARD Avionics i•
RANGING TRANSPONDERS FOR INTERPLANETARY Soacecaft Sep 1971 0 p (See N72 19483 10 14t
SPACE PROBES Avail NTiS tC $600 MF $095
H Bassenberg and R Stober It, AGARD Avioncs ,r, The advantages of chirp nodclatron r ,o air ground digital
Spacecraft Sep 1971 12 p (See N72 19483 10 141 comrnuncation by way ot geostatronary satell'tos are desc-bed
Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MF $095 The ellectiveness ini reducing mull.path reception and Doppler
Different concepts such as direct .mplhfrcaron use of Ireguericy shifts is discussed The conibutri• r o LhuP modulation
doublers and triplets in solid state power aurplditers at 2 3 GHZ to reducing the Imitaiions of rraarginal power budgets on
plh
yerei Outu p
uP 2v0 'A' ale d;6cvi5ru The sainlile
-mepoiatIn dlaLlrirliriks- s nzarnriev Fligni resis of experimentar
characteristics values of a doubler concept are measured with a systems ace included Author
test set up of 1 1t5 (HIo sitipline amplifier u,,neg the power
trinsislor 2N5921 Frthermoie versions ot cavity and stripltne
doublers using vearactors MA 43000 MA 4B 300 1tXY 19 GO N'a 25419. At-.r,- Iuuo. io, Ar-oslpac. irt ifIs,, ,,
and stripline power dividers and comb-neis are discussed Power teuelopmwnt Paris F•incoi
chains connected in parallel make possible a 20 W amplifuer at GUIDANCE AND CONTROL DISPLAYS Techncal
2 3 GHz with a total efficiency of better than 30 percent (vailrlnon Report
Author 0i 8 Jisi." S•n
Lyn,.Jr Wit i9 ' if .*.-5 tt4 Syr,,p
,If AGAROid1u-. ant Co~lnr
... Irr I
rAGARO AR 431 AvaI 14TIt Wt S3 i00
trte Iriuripal discilinres uinw)vunloc run Ilii lIr .j ii]. il
N72 19 I I# Lirncoln Lab Mass Inst of Tech Lexington -n.lysto t yuJririai
'onutoI unit rr al,.t tie r-rr ,turfuu
r ofl "' ie-,..
EFFICIENT X BAND POWER GENERATION FOR SATELLITE iur vs w,,r ,suvs'l An evuluru,-in us u rIn iuttr• ... r,,i
COMMUNICATIONS ",e.'.t., ,uI Or aýls n.u. .di5lduiuuiI
I( uurrn'rt, ,"..i:
I i
O M S nide , In A G A R D A vionics in Sp acecraft Sep 1971 -- ii -i," ufi-r li:e t l, 32 ' I - vn ,o i ' ,.i. ' . . - . .
Ail''
,
ie.u if, ai;lnalnviin . i 5 Jr rum Ii'- ti,,rh, iv
9 p ret [See N72 19483 t0 14j
MF $095
Avaid NTIS HC $600
The efficient generation of aolid state X band power b
utili/ing the nagative impedanrre characlriistics of avalanche N72 25420, Arfu,s'iiy Cruit t-,i Aeisire fri r.i i
doioes ivn raefiec•ru ani-plfiera icic•,csect ClCuilts with low level [in's "
gains ot 13 db with 500 mc bandwidth re, describeid Power FLIGHT TFSt INSTRUMENTATION SEF41Ft VOILMF 3
outputs of one walt continuous wane with h db gain and 70 THh MEASUfREMENT OF FUEL FLOW
percent conversion eflency in the same circuit Ire elairne1id FIaurit hta 19?? 37 1, i-is
Gain response cuo es for gallium arsenide diodes are ini.ludbrl 'filiARliirgiaitI 11J0 Vol 3 A'A (,I 16r
t. l r J A,r l I tli llti
Aul!uo 57
ff123
 14 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY 195I

The main methods of fuel flow measurement are discussed uo system structure liousirdotrns are gfiver. of vatlous types of
and the p rotpective user is advised of the factors that should be equip~ ierit and systems and of the-t ritlisatran' a~ccoding to
*considered in deciding which type of meter to uise and what parnicrir requiremenrts Author
precautionss to take in the installation Details are given ot the
Three main types of flowmeirers in common use. namely turbine. N73 10453 Arrya Aeronautical Society ~ondCr
Enqland.
orifice arid aingular momentum true mass The the'r-y of GON ADIGTCNQE N yTM
operation Of each tyoe ot flowmeter is grven together with J M L Trirra- 'ro AGARO) FIq .tr.rnsruinrenrarran Se p
details of accuracy. pressure drop. Su~sceptrb~lity to inlet and 1972 4 ;., 401oavriltAlrly srie N73 10450 01 141
outlet conditions, form of output, and other key parameters likely The processing of (rtat~ifrn Id Ye C1111dirrialt paltrnulailr
to influence the choice of type of meter to be used A quick data from the Concorde s dryglal re.Oidlri$ IS. (isdicUSsed Data
reference sumimary is provided for the comparison of the cover digital niaqnetic tape lor clas. static paiaiiieleis. I'm
perlorrreni of the three types of meter and various methods of magnetic rape for d~namrc parameters anrd flmr arid paper tape.
calibrating Ilowmeters are discussed A separate section is tor take Off and lancting rieasurementS E HWI
* ~devoted to Specialist flowmeters which are not in general use.
P~ut may have an application in flight test work Particular
limpriasis is placed an solird state flowrrrters which due to the N73-10454 French Flight Test Center sires
need to obtain improved fle and reliability. are the subject 01 DYNAMIC DATA PROCESSING SYST(MS
much research work Author M B Per~nacchoni In AGAFID Flight Test lrstrui-entatirin
Sep 1972 18 p il-or availability see N73 10450 Ut 141
Ani analysis was irrade of the systemns used to mneasurre
in flight tase oll rcrýiv. or larding data Data1 are 9.en for system
N172-32467# Advisory Grouo for Aerospace Research and Ilexibililt, ease at tire arid post processing, ease of communicill
Dervelopmernt. Paris (France) lion hetweeri user an(: michrne bulk of sys.enm. and Cost of
FLIGHT RECORDING IN NATO COUNTRIES. SECOND using the s,Srem Corrsnicleratin is also given to measurinq range
EDITION sensitivity anti accr.riac oflftle svstem- E H VV
"HlItsG Zerkle ad Jut 1972 75 p refs
IAGARD-AR 39) Avail NTIS HC S5575
The characteristics and applications of flight recording N73 10455 P, riceton U iir NJ Dept at Aerospace and
Irnetruments in NATO countries is discussed The instruments and Mechanical Sciences,
systems are presented according to mansufacturer and the THE ANALYSIS OF STEADY STATE AND RANDOM FLIGHT
standard format contains the followin3 data Ill general DATA
information. 12)scope 131basic principles (41 main characteristics E i Orlitirn Ins AGARfO ihglrg lest instrumentation Sep
(5) history. (61 operational esperence. anid (71 installation Ftight It9;, 3 p, liar availability see N73 10450 01 14.
* ~recording projects leading to the development of new instruments Theu runctionar depende-ire of test li.re t rarrdu-r anid
are doscussed, using similar format A bibliography of pertinent detrfeminisric flight data anatys s is inivestqiqted Th-e invres.-gation
o valou asect offliht ecodercovers
r~msanddocmens rest planning. onstrurnentttion technology and data analysis
appliceticrss and performance is provsded Autnor

N73-110456 Arizona State Univ . Tempe Lab for Mev~iasurement

N73-10460m Advisors (iraup for Aitospace Research and A U1NIFIED APPROACH TO HANDLING NOISE IN MEASUR.
Development Paris 'Francer ING SYSTEMS
FLIGHT TEST INSTRUMENTATION Peter K Stein int ACARD Flight last Instrumentation Sep
Sep 1972
76 p illustratey hnowLI and partly In FI.NCH
heipco:tectinorogic~al dlevelopments on Improvemenrts of measuring systems is presented Thnepresrentat~fion and examples
inth peain
caaceisic;offigttest dat-i systems is are selected to show the application of this approach to the

oulndSeca'Iot wr aet provide the non enginneer determination suppression and documentation of noise levets
thes derto~rentshavethe determination and documentation at noise levels on any
influenced the desin rf flight test pirograms For individual titles given test set up at any time. before. uurngy ci 5t16i a test.
seN73 10451 throuyh N73 104i,7 and without specific knowldedge of the environmentel factors
which cause These noise levets A stroni; ores is made for the
recognition of rmeasiirement systems engineering as a discipline

N73 10-451 Boeing Co Seattle Wadsh Comriis-ial Airplane Ir. its awn right which can and must be nircorparatod into
enginemirng curriculi The unified aipproach is offered as a Sterling

Grouppoint towards this and The need for additional concept

FLIGHT TEST INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS OF THE 70'S research in this field is identified and the hope is expressed
Ales J Ferkavich /In AGARD FI-Irht lest lnstiuirienirarion Seri that united etlorts among various nations will result in the
1972 1 1 p (For availability see N73 10450 01 14- production of measlurement-orionled or measure Mont-conscious
The projected equipment techniques, and procedures used engineers of all disciplines and at all levels Author
in research flight test instrumentation sysrems are outlined The
impact of new tectrinology on complex aircraft systa~ns is N73-10467 MeSSerschmrtt Goelkow-Biohm G mb H Munich
discussed EHW iWest Germany)
IMPACT Or NEW TECHNOLOGY AS ILLUSTRATED IN AN
N73 10462 Advisory 6roup for Aerospace Research and ADVANCED OPERATIONAL DATA SYSTEM
Development Paris IFraneer Josef Herrmann In AGARD Flight Test Instrumenrtatinor Sep
AIRBORNE DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING 1972 1It p (For availability see N73 10450 01.14,
SYbSTEMS The imptict of new technology in flight feet instriumartinttion
Alain Kfoptstein If, fts Flij,nit Tesr Instrumentation t)ep 1 Iif/ squipmnrer is yirer, fur a cmpcrn :,ie -d ajdieniced. hirtinrne
12 p IFor avarlabil fy See N.13 104 50 0f It41 data acquisition system and ground dale processing station Thirs
rhe evolution (if the it, flight rrnsasurenierir fitem concept advanced operational data system is used tcr flight teltrn-j Of
from the mere rompaiinlt of instruments to overall airborne the high performiance MACA aircraft involving se-/orsf rilcrefil
data handling &iidJ processrig is considered as wvell a. its inspect prototyps for different taskst *t different rest site" Author

Li
 196 14 INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPtiY

N73 114079 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development Parts iFialicel
V STOL DISPLAYS FOR APPROACH AND LANJING
Jul 1972 50 p, refs
IAGARD R 5941 Avail NTIS HC 14 53

The design and development of display systems weyre studiedI

for developing all weather operational capat-lity in terminal areas
for V STOL aircraft Aspects of the study discussed include
operational factors and ground environment veh-:Ie configurat ion.
terminal area flight profiles pilot factors tradeotts guidance and
control and human engineering The concfusions of the study
are summarized and the recommendations fur future research
and development are included FO0S

N73 118,411 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

DISPLAYS FOR APPROACH AND LANDING OF V'STOL
AIRCRAFT
Nov t972 17 p
(AGARO-AR 5t1) Avail NTI S HC $3 00 CSCL 0O18
An analysis of the display systems required for approach
and tending of V: S101 aircraft Was conducted The various factors
considered in :he analysis are (I I operational factors anrd ground
environment. -2r guidance requirement% 131 relation between4
controt and display sophistication (41 information requirements
(5) human factors engineering. and f61 current display devices
Diagiams of pron3osed instrument panels and display devices are
included Author

N 73-20499# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris IFrancel
AGARO FLIUfIT 1tbl tNbIMUM(:NIATWCN SE~jiES
VOLUME 2 IN FLIGHT TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS
F Trenlile. M Reinhrrdt WN D Mace. ed 3nd A Pool ed
Feb 1973 171 p refs
(AGARD-AG 1160 Vof 2 AGARDograph 160 Vol 21 Avail NTIS
t!C $10 75
The field of temperature measurements in aircraft at MachI
numbers up to 2 3 and aptitudes up to 80 000 feet is reported
After a general discussion of the requiremnents of aircraft
temnperature rreasurernents. and the available tmirpeaciatre sensing
technology, the detailed techniques of using resistance probes
and theron"couples as well as the associated elect ical leads.
circurts. an-I indicators are replained A discussion of heat transfer
processes. primarily between moving fluids and solids, includes
terminofogy. the systematics of temperature measurements 3nd
the concept of total tomperature as the main operational
parameter One section deals with errors .n temperature
t
rrineasurements. as functions o various parameters in ijases liqcur:1
and solids Typical laborator-y and in flight cal-biation techniques
for theimnomelery are described fl~loiwed by discussions Pt data
*handling, error analysis and the limits of present methods
Author

N 74 141 1 fim Adv-sorv (riorit, lioi Aercispidl RieranltIi ni

Development Paris iFranicei
AGARO FLIGHT TEST IN STRUM ENTATIUN SERIES
VOLUME 4 THE MEASUREMENT OF ENGINE ROTATION
SPEED
Ni Vearurres vi 0 Mace er ai..ri A Poo, oft Oicti /93
32 P refs 4 Vol
IAGAFIO AQ tbO Vol 4- Avail NTIý WIC53 7
The techniaies ad sy%!r'ris iSeid "I lnriýCasi ljr irldtrui
soieedl are ar~alyzeil Chru-ilactiiniele% ld-.huq-' e' aro' alJ
iriagn-etic sensors are d'scusse'l alum19 isifilte rtesiioii of aiit~o ...
P
measuring systems The ariva Iricis aii't lisartvariiidrjn 0f each
type aie presenter nme1-eietery sy'ie--, ,
*.- r
trioceriries are de%,srilert Fior '.ol 2 r,-,- f7 J 2049 lii. V.i 3
see N72 2b420 0r'
 r

15 MACHINE ELEMENTS AND PROCESSES 197

15 MACHINE ELEMENTS AND

PROCESSES
Includes bearings seals. pumps and other mechanical
aouiomefn! lubrication friction. and wear manufacluring
processes and qualhty control, rthrability drafling and
material% fabrication, handling end inspection

N72-19641# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris (France) Structures and Materials Panel
APPLICATION OF NON-Di-STRUCTIVE INSPECTION
METHODS TO AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES
P Gallhnaro and R S 0,lve, Oct 1971 34 p refs
(AGARD-R 58771) Avail NTIS
Nondestructive test methods are defined and their application
for inspection of aircraft structures is evaluated, based on the
results of an aircraft industry survey For individual title3, see
4 3
N72-19542 through N72 195

N72-19542* AdvisorQ Group for Aerc;pace Research and

Development. Peait (France)
NONOFSTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF STRUCTURES
P Gallinaro In irs App• of Nondestructive Inspection Methods
to Aircraft Struc-i Oct 1971 p 3-14 refs (See N72.19541
10 15)
Avail NTIS
Current methods of inspection are reviewed and their
application is defined for three major areas (1) inspeclion of
adhea:ve bonded structures 42) inspection of welded joints and
131 inspection of riveled or bolled joints i i-

F472 19643# Adviso-y Group for Aerospace Research and

Development. Paris (France)
SURVEY ON THE APPLICATION OF NONDESTRUCTIVE
INSPECTION METHODS TO COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT.
1968 TO 1970
Rooerl 8 Oliver In rts Appi on Nondestructive Inspection
Methoc;t to Aircraft Struct Oct 1971 p 15-20 (See
N72- 19541 10-15)
Avail NTIS
Data related to the application of nondestructive inspection
methods were acquired from commerci;il airline overhaul bases
airframe manrifacturers research laboratories and equipment
manufacturers The prolect was armed at il1) evaluating the
curr,. elpf~rer~xs in nondestructive inspection 12) ollhng the
best nonoestructive inspection procedures. and (3) making
recommenrdations to improve the accuracy of the methods and
to stimulate development nf improved methods The results of
the project are presented in the form of ,i state of the art review I
I 4

4,4
 16 MASERSPreceding page blank19

L H TaInner In AGARD Later Technol in Aerodyn MaasJ

16 MASERS Mar 1972 2 p (See N72-25493 16-16)
Avail NTIS HCS14SO
" "OKudeuolctonjiof masers and lasers For basic The application Of Lohe4rent light to flow visualization
iiiearchisim 26 Physics. Solid-State41 procedures is discussed Diagrams illustrating the differenvces
between thf-imal light sources and coherent light sourý;es are
prelentedti TI-a advantages of laser light over conventional light
*rc described and mathematical models are included to eupport
N72-25493#~ Advisory Group ;ar Aerospace Research and thse-treorelicalI considerations Author
Development Paris (France)
LASER TECHNOLOGY IN AERODYNAMIC MEASURE
MENTS AGARD Lecture Series
R C Pankhurst. ad Mar 1972 249 p refs Presented at N72-264980 ARO. Inc. Arnold Air Force Station. Tenn
Rhode -Sairt -GensesS. Belgium. 14-113 jun 1971 sponsored by AERODYNAMIC HOLOGRAPhY
AGARD Fluid Dyn Panel and von Karman Inst for Fluid Dyn J D ?rolingeor ,Ir AGARD Laser Technol in Aerodyn Mess
(AGARO-LS-491 Avail NTIS HCSiitiiO Mar 1972 180p 1 refs ISse N72-25493 16-16)
The proceedings of a conference. on the use of lasers for Avail NTIS HC S 4tý')
nreasuriog, aerodynamic applicationst ire presented The subjects Applications or holography in aerodynamics jod related
discussed are if) principles of holography. 12j rrethemnatical mechanics are discussed Included are holographic generalized
methods in coherent optical systems analysis. 13) laser beams for flow ViriL alizatroin. inter-ferometry, and three dimensional recording
aersodynamic flow field analysis. f41 laser Doppler velocimeters The high resolution aroalysis of dynamic r.;arly transparent
for wind tunnel applications. (5) laser applications for high speed threc dimeticionat field of light scattering elemrents is described
photography, and (6) laser metrology For individual titles, see Specific applications of particulate matter in explosion* plasmas.
N72-25494 through N72-25506 rocket and engine er hs~ists. and in wind tunnel and similar
research facilities are exarrined It is concluded that holography
-irovidles oata not obtainable by other means and has economic
N72-26494# Tennessee Univ .Tullahoma Space Inst and tech)nical advantages over conventional means of dete
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LASER acquisituon Author
7 H Gee In AGARD Laser Technol in Aerodyn Moss Mar
1972 5 p refs (See N72-25493 16 161
Avail NTIS HCS1450
The basic principles of laser operation are discussed The N72-254g99 Micnrgin Univ . Ann Arbor Inst of Science and
properties which characterize its performance as a source of Technology
quasi -monochromatic radiation in and near the visible range of EXPERIMENTAL HOLOGRAPHY
the electromagnetic sptcru-m ate described The various materials J U~patntaks In AGARD Laser Technol in Asrodyn Meass
which are used for lasers and the construction of the resonant Mar 19',2 8 p refs ISee N72 25493 16.16)
cavity are explained The three classes of energy levels are Avail NTIS IC $1450O
discussed and cchematic represantetions are included Aut'rOr T!ý.cF~torrae of e ger n
sm tl'e ra~reirling i-f the
interference pattern beitwieen a reference beam and the light
waves reflected from or, object or scene are discussed
p N2.241fN
TnneseeUni . ullhom Spce nstHolography is interlerfometr-y and the technolcgy of thui subject
* RNCIPLES9 TenFHOLOG se TulahmaAPHYos applies to holography as we[; The factors affecting the formation
T HPR eeCIPEAGARHOLOGAsePeHnY nAr~i es p5 of the hologram, the quality and characteristics of recý,nstructed
T97 13 pa ref SeeR Laser49Tehn6-n161 :,nMes P image% and various optical systems for constructing holograms
Avi TSH$40are considered Author
The principles of holography are discussed Holography is
* the process of recording complex wavefronts of light scattered
by a scene 'object, and subsequent release of the recorded
wavefronts to reconstruct the original scene The reconstruction N72-2556005 Michigan Univ . Ann Arbor Radar and Optics
contains all of the geometrical characteristics of the original Lab
*scene which one would observe by viewing the scene through a CHARACTERISTICS OF DIELECTRIC HOLOGRAMS
window whose dimnensiors are those of the recording medium J Upatnrek~s and C D Leonard In AGARD Laser 'ichnol in
The basis of the recording process is interferOmetry A complex Aerodyn Meats Mar 1972 9 p refs (See N72-25493 16-161
-w;acfrcr meet ,di ih. nonrfrnewv n Contrac-s F33615 67 C-1814. F3361$-68-Ct1310
*the result recorded by a square law detector Author Avail NTIS HCS$1450
The diffractron efficiency and signalto-norse ratio for
two-dimensional and volume diffuse signal-beamn holograms are
Tnnesee
nivTulahom
N72-549# Spce nstcalculated and experimentally determined Calculations are based
N72-S496
Unv Tulahma
Tenesse Sace eston the statistical properties of the signal beam. and exactI
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN COHERENT OPTICAL integrals rather than series approximations are used Hirh
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. FIRST ORDER ANALYSIS OF A signal-to-noise fatio and high diffraction efficiency are posstable.
HOLOGRAPHIC SCHLIEREN SYSTEM with the peak calculated diffraction efficiency being 22% for
7 H Gee In AGARD Laser Technol in Aerodyn Meas Mar two-dimensional anm 64% for volume ho~ogrems The
1972 7 p rats (See N72 25493 16-161 experimentally achieved efficiencies were 12% for Iwo-dimensional
Avail NTIS HCS11450 and 36% for volume holograms Author
The mathematical methods employed in the analysis of
coherent optical systems are dlemonstrated Lr'i an illustrative
example This example involves an optical configuration which
may be employed as a holographic Schireren system and
illustrates the Fourier transform properties of j>,stiuv'. thirn lens N72.266011 a TRW Systems Group. Rledondo Beacti. Calif
hologram formation and reconstruction magnificatiron and various PULSED LASER HOLOGRAPHY
approximations which are normally made in a first order analytis A F Wuerker and L 0 Hoflinger In AGARD Laser Technol in
The coherent Optical configuration is presented Author Aerodyn Meas Mar 1972 14 p refs Previously publishe
in The Enrt Uses of Holography by E R Robertson and JM
Hfarvey Cambridge Univ Pretss 1911J jbee Nl/e-25493 16- 161
N72 264979 Queen Univ tf)iess iNorthern Irelandil Contracts NASw 1572 JPL.952023. F0461;-67-C-0105.
EFFECTS OF COHERENCE ON FLOW VISUALIZATION F33t5 68-Ct1191
AtTHDSINASA CR. 1267671 Avail NTIS HCS$300 CSCL 20E
 200 IC MASER

The development of optical systems used in hnojCr*5lhy particular. the devolopmeftt of a self aigning system 1o -ate
which compensate for the limitead sprirtio temooral coherence of the basic problems inherent with presviously concenved t;- onrs.
0-switched rubyv laser :umrniatois it discoissed The employment are describeid The djesign and the progress made on a direct
Cf the equipment to record projectiles in flight, aerodynamic readout system to detefrmintil three orthogonal components of
wakes. and electric discharge plasmas is described Diagrams velocity directly are presented A number of significant
and drawings are supplied to show the constnictcin and proof of principle experiments covering a wide variety of flows
operation of the sysiem. PN F both liquid and gaseous. are discussed The results of a numrber
of isind tunnel calibrations verifying the superior perlormarce of
the tDy for no', rnly velocity determination but also to perform
N72-26602# TRW Systems Group. Redondo Beach. Calif bouncla-y layer measurements art, also included A.Ithor
RUBY LASER I4OLOGRrrxPHY
9 F Wuerker and L 0 Hollinger In AGARD Loser Technol in
Aetodyn Maas Mar 1972 13 o refs Repr from SPI E J . N72*25W0# ARO Inc. Arnold Air Force Station. Tenn
v 9. 197t1 o 122-130 also from Proc of the Conf in Experimental Research
Anaheim Callf 14 17 Sep 971 [See N72 25493 16 16! APPLICATION OF DUAL SCAT-TER LASER DOPPLER
(Contract F33615 69 C 1630i VELOCiMETERS FOR WINO TUNNEL MEASUREMENITS
Avail NTIS I4CS1450
The solid stale ruby laser for recording of holograms A E iýernjner. F H Smith and R L Parker In AGARCi Laser
without either the granite tables or vibration isolation equipment Technol in Aerodyn frP~eas Mar t1972 16 p rats (See
needed with gas lasers is discussed The ruby laser is unique in N72-25403 16-161,
that it can be made to emit several joules of light in a tenth of a AvailNTIS HC S1450
microsecond '.their more conventional form. these lasers are A duel scatter laser Doppler velocrineter ItO VI. usved in both
not parnicularl, .Oheien-t. dve to the widlin of the ruby R sub I forward and t..*ý scatter modes, and a direct data readout
lacing transition Temporal coherence can be as low as one system are described The characteristics of the diual scatter
centimetert The development of hologral nic configurations which system are such that rio seed rig of flow is required tc effect the
compforitated for the limited spatial and temporal coherence of measurements With minor n-~ic ?,cations and reprovir ments the
ruby lasers is considered These were used tc record transmission dual scatter LVD sys:,.m b,.:i. forward and bick scatter
holograms of combustion in ocket eng~ines aerodynamic itow supplants conventional meN ,irinq devices Descriptions of the
patterns and particulate matter in coal furnaces Author apotication ot the instrumen: to actual wind tunna: measure-
ments including calibratiorn of a one-loot transonic wind tunnel
flow field measurements of a s-mulated helicopter dlownwash.
N12-25503# Inslrtut Franco Allemand de Recherches. St Louis and flow fie;d mapping across high lft wving section are
(Francei Included Author
LASER SEAM PROSING FOR AERODYNAMIC FLOW
11(10 AJNALYS!S
Bernard Koch In AGARO Laser Technol in Aerodnyi Mues
Mar 11972 20 p refs (See N72 25493 16 16)
Avail NTIS HCS1450
The application of laser beamrs for the measurement of
fartodynanrtic flow fields &t sirpersoric and hypersonic speeds is
discussed The subjects presented are I1l basic methods of
optoefectronic flow field probing. (21 single beam techniques (31
small diameter beam method for supersonic free let in,,estigationl
441 twin or multiple beam tachniqijes. 15) ciossing beam method
161 multiple beam iriterferometry and (7l Dopplonr difference
methodI Author

5
N72-26604a Mox Planck-lnsltaut jusr I asmaphysik Munich
(West Germany)
LASER A LIGHT SOURCE FOR HIGH SPEED PI-.vTOGRA
PHY
K Buechl In AGARD Laser Technnl in Ae:odyn Mess Mar
1972 22 p refs, See N 72 -2 5493 16 161
Avail NTIS HC $14 SO
* The application of lase.s as an indirect light source for high
speeJ photography is discussed Examples of such applications
are laser produced plasmas for vacuum ultraviolet I-ght sources
or election sources. ultialast trigger and c. lrbrlrtron of image
converter caerwas, and a light gated Kerr cell The character-s
tics of lasers lor photographic use arc desci~bed and mathiematical
models are included to support the ltheorei~cal considerations
Author

N72.26550e P '0 Inc Arnold Air 'or~e Station Tenn

Experimenral Re Oearch
LASER MIFTROLOGY
A ( Leonrci D B Braylon F L Crosswy W H Goeti-ert aridJ
H T Ka~b Iir AfrARD Laser Te,:hnol in P"erodyn Meas Maiir
6
1972 CIApr .fls Ifa N7? 225493 16 1 1
Avail NTlb HCS1t450
The development of a laser Doppler velur-IV instrument Ic0
measure velocities of flowing fluids is discussed Tte
electro optical ir.ýtrunienis are being dlevelopedilor enhancing
*thne measu-inyj capabilities in wind tu-inels The, bas.- des-ign
*parameters oit the input cligned optics LDV system andiI
 17 MATERIALS, METALLIC 201

General aspects of the high temperature compopnents o! the

17 MATERIALS, METALLIC ges turbine are briefly reviewed. along with mechanical *rd
chemical pr~ioperis required (f materials Commercial nickel t~nrj
Includes cairnets corrosion. phyicalra arid macher~ari cobalt base superalloys are reviewed in forms of their 11)10C
properies of mnateioals metallurgy and applicatroirs as hour rupture strengtfht. together with some experimental a-loys
Structural materials For basic research see O6 Chemistry currently being dleve~oped Thirs last group includes posscter
Fot trelsated information see also 18 Materials Nonmetallic metallurgy alloys. d~riectionally solidified alloys. and allovs b~iSi d
and 32 Structural Mechanics on the refractory metals Hot corrosion relsistant superalcii
contain high chromium contp.nts at thes expense of rrri~h
temperature strength, Designers are currently attempting ~
N72-20491 a Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and develop .n intermediate group of high strength alloys vii h
Developmient Paris (Fiance) acceptable corrosror, resistance complemented by alumriniv~i
NATO NATIONAL REPORTS ON HIGH TEMPERATURE based diffusion coatings Ault :r
CORROSION OF AEROSPACE ALLOYS
A I Ja41i ad IBaol-tle Maom Inst Columbus Oh.io) Feb N73-236011 National Aeroinaiutics and Space Administratr:n.
1972 36 p Washington. D C
'AGARD R 5V I I Avail NTIS THE ENVIRONMENT AFID MAl ERIALS FOR GLI:)E
A presentation. in 3 !ornes of brief statements or, much ot REENTRY VEHICLES
the research anoddevelopment work in progress and some that is G C Dautsch In AGARD HinfhfTemp Corrosion of Aeros -A.ce
planned in nine 191 NATO ccuntrils, an high tempierature Alloys Mar 1973 p 4?.59 IFor availbiflity, sea N73-2T 597
corrosion of aerospace alloys is g-ven Author 14- 17)
CSCL 22C
The onvirdonmental cordhitoris to which a large glide r zentry
N73-23597io Advisory Group for Aeiospace Research and vehicle such as the space) shuttle is subjacted is discus-efdl A
Deitv~ilopmeni Paris IFrarice) comparison is made wilt) I e state of the ar1 lor materialts and
HIGH TEMPI.RArU RE COPROSION OF AEROSPACE structures to meet this environmental threat The optioris that
ALLOYS are eva-lable are stressed as are Ih3 areas where ar'ditional
J Stringer ad iLiveipoot Univ I R I Jaffee. ad (Battelle Columbus research and development is required Author
Labs. Ohio). anc T F Kearns ad lNeavl Air Systems Command)
Mar 1973 338 ja refs in ENGLISH and partly in Ff.ENCH N73-23B02 Belgian Canter for Corrosion S.cudy Brums~is

IResults
f.~onf held at Lyngby Denmark. 10 12 Apr 1972 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS IN THE
IAGARr)-CP 11201 Avail NTIS HC S19 00 USE OF EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS F3R THE
are )resented of conference discussions on thir effects TREATMENT OF COMPLEX HIGH TEMPERATURE CORRO-
of high temper iturS corrosion and oxidation of alloys fori future SION REACTIONS?
apptrCat~ons in aerospace venicies E~oi irijiviýuc; irt;v. 5xx I.- I- AC.AR!"i Hirfi Temn Corrosion of Aerospace
N73 235~98 through N73 23618 Alloys Mar 1973 v~ 63 78 refs Ilor arrailab:lty see N73 23597
14 17)
The conditions of thermodynamic stability of every species
N73.23b!)PS Max Plenck-lnstitut luar Physikalische Chemie. wvhich may exi-t in a given system whatever the complexity.
Gcllin~nWliest Germany) mnay be represented by means of suitable diagrams These enable
GENERAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPE:RAIURE CORROSION one to predict the general conditions Ilemperature. pia~sunie.
OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS composition of the gaseous phase) where a given solid or liquid
Cart Wagner In AGA.SD High Tamp Corrosion of Aerospace compound may be stable. metaisrable or unstable Three ,ypes
Alloys Mai 1973 p 3 7 refs iFor availability see N73 23697 of diagram aie illustrated in which the ordinates and absc-ssae
114-17) are raspercuively rog P sub 02 and I V AT FITn P s.b 02 and T.
An cri~dation scale for high temperature corrosion of and E adrc T The elative values of these methods of representation
structural mattrls is examined and its requirements established are discussed1 and their applications to the studies of corrosion
Scane requirements ncdude It I, low concentrliron of ionic defects -,roblemrs is outlined Author
effective in metal . n transport 121 negligible vaporization of
oxides in the scale, and (31 freedom from pores or cracks and N73-23603 Oilearrs Univ (France)
f-rm Adhtanr.i ic nderlyiniQ alloy even during rapid temperaltur
11Cr RELATIONS BETWEEN INITIAL ME -ALLIC SUBb.TRATE,

OF OXIOIF LAYERS IRELATIONS ENTI4E L'ETAT INITIAL

N713-23699 National C3s Tv Pine Establishment PyeStock D'UN SUBSTRAT METALLIGUE. LES PREMIERES ETAPES
ti ngland) DE LA REACTION ET LA FORMAI`ION DES COUCHES
THE ENVIRONMENT ENCOUNTERED BY HIGH TE SiPERA- D-OXYDEJ
TURE COMPOCNENTS OF THE AIRCRAFT GAS TURFBINE j Baidolle Ini AGARD High Temp Corrosion of Aerispace
Alloys Mar 1973 p 79-95 refs in FRENCHl. ENGLISH
J E Rast3Il In AGARD High Temnp Coriosion of Aerospace summary iFor availability see N73 23597 14-tV7
Alloys Mai 1973 p 11 30 rals For avatlibri.ty sea N73 23597 The intluence of surface prepararion on the state of crystallize
14- 17) lIon near the metal suifice is summarized. and it is noted that
A brief exariin it oii s made of the factors governing the the damaged layer inItioluced by me~chaial polishing can be
behavior of hot components combustion chamber nozzle guide removed by elect rociol ihing Several examnles ai, quoted on
vanes and turbine rotor blades, in aero engines in the absence t-re effect ol surface prepiaration on the growth 01 thin oxide
of a hot salt corrosion environment The effects on components films Mino' rimpurities -11 the metal or at the oxidizing surface
in engine trails of controlled additions o0-1t
lr nade to the -ntake may have a marked effect on the oxidation rate, and in particular
air and fuel are ciscuxe-ed Author on the scale. metal athasion impurities may also change the
ductrirti of the oxide Tire mecfhari ns of the early stages of an
N73-230M Societe Nationale d)Etudes at tie Cionstruction oxidation reaction are briefly summarized and ways in which
de Morteure Aeronjhulicues Corbeil Fialice) the progress of these may iffect the later oxidation are
MATERIALS CURRENTLY EMPLOYED IN WIG" TEMPC"'A.Id-c!e Author
TURE COMPONE NTA OF THE AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE

M Biunetaud In AGARD High Templ Corrosion of Aerospace N73 23604 C-mital Inslt or industrial Research Oslo (Norway)
Alloy,, Mar 1 973 p 31 42 in FRENCH ENGLISH summery TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN SCALES IN HIGH TEMPERA

IFor avuraiityi see N73 23597 fi4 17) TURE CORROSION

 I¥
202 17 MATERIALS. METALLIC

P Kofsted In AGARO High Temp Corrosion of Aerospace N73-2.607 Ohio State Univ Columbus
AI:oys Mar 1973 p 97-116 refs (For availability see VAPORIZATION LOSSES FROM Cr203 PROTECTIVE
N73-23597 14.171 SCALES
Scales are characterized as It) porous. 12) dense and compact, R A Rapp In AGARD High Temp Corrosion of Aerospace
or (3) contrinuOuS, but ccontainrng appreciable porosity or vcids Alloys Mar 1973 p 147-154 rofs (For availabilty .see
Porous scales are nu. normally associatod with protective oxidation N7a.2359/ 14-17)
behavior, and are not discussed, dense and compact scales are Vaporization thermodynamics and kinetics are reviewed The
very uncommon in practice but can usefully be discussed as a vdporizatiOn of Cr203 scales occurs with the formation of Cr03
limiting ideal case The kinetics of the growth of a scale in and CriOHI2 vapor species The maximum possible rate of
which the ,ate limiting process is the transport of .eactants and vaporization is given by the Heaiz-Langmuir equation, but in the
elections through the scale is very briefly summarized The practical case the rate is limited by mass transpor: through a
transport properties of a number of oxides are reviewel to stagnant boundary layer the thickness of which depends on the
determile which is the nost desirable scale to be formed on local gas veloci:y In turbulent near sonic flow the vaporization
an oxidatiOn-rsistant alloy Although it is clear that the formation rate ma, therefore approach the theoretical maximum ft is
of a Cr203 layer will result in a reduction in the oxidation rate suggested that the only possibility for trb use of protective Cr203
of Ni and Co. there is no doubt that it-ie most protective scale scales in reactive high-veior•ity atmospheres is to separate the
layer would be AI203. and this is consistent with observation Cf203 scale from the environment by a compact and stable
There are many possible effects of impuitlies on diffusion rates surtace oxide which is low in the activity of Cr203 However.
,noxide.. and the example of lower valent cations dissolving in external spitel scales are generally spalled through thermal
an oxygen deficient M 02 oxide is briefly discussed The influence Shock There is considerable evidenie to suggest that the formation
of porosity on the growth of a suhstantal'y compact scale is of a protective ,lpha-A1203 scale etiectivAlv inhibits the
discussed., and it was concluded that on balance it is undesir- evaporative loss, of chromium irom an alloy Author
able. often enhancing the oxidation rate and weakening the scale
Selective and internal oxidation are clearly of ;teal importance. N73-23609 Pratt and Whitney Aircraft East Hartford. Conn
and tte latter is associated with the solution of oxygen in the ON THE EFFECTS OF OXIDE DISPERSIONS AND RARE
metal The effects of the mechanism of oxygen diffusiOn of EARTH TPE ELEMENTS ON THE OXIDATION OF Cr AND
pretreatment and microstructure of alloys, and of alloy conmpost- Al-CONTAINING ALLOYS
tion are discus.ed Some aspects or reactions involving sulphur F S Pettit In AGARD High Temp Corrosion of Aerospace
aie also reviev,ed Author Alloys Mgr 1973 p 155-172 refs iFor availability see
N73 23597 14-17)
N73-23606 Cranfreld Inst of Technology (England) The effects of oxide dispersions and rare-earth type elements
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF STRESS IN OXIDATION. INCLUD- on the oxidation of alloys upon which Cr203 or Ai203 scales
ING ROTH EXTERNALLY.APPLIED AND GROWTH STRES- are formed is discussed It is shown that oxide dispersions and
SES? WHAT ARE THE MODES OF STRESS-RELAXATION? rare-earth type elements can both apparently affect the adherence.
HOW DCES THERMAL CYCLING AFFECT THE STRESSES growth rate, and growth mechanisr.i of Cr203 as well as the
AND STRESS RELAXATION? selective oiic.itiin ft chromium in alloys In the case of alloys
P _H-n-ir-l- hn AGARD Hoh Toem Corrosion of Aerospace upon which A'203 scales are formed however, oxide dispersions
Alloys M ar "973 p 1 17 128 refs !For availability see gun C0' vaVo
- :e, ,•,•. ,ppT.Z! -- ¢f.le•c orir !-e a _h.ren.. nf
N73 23597 14-17) the scale Thz differences between effects produced uy oxide
The isothermal stresses generated during oxidation can be dispersions and rare-earth type elements is examined Author
attributed to four main causes I;I the volume ratio between
te metal and the oxide formed (2: the eritaxial relationship N73-23609 Liverpool Utiv (Engiandl
between the oxide and the metal. t3) composition changes in THE APPLICATION O MULTiCOMPONENT DIFFUSION
either the metal or the oxide, and W4) the influence of vacancies THEORY TO THE OXIDATION AND CORROSION OF
geneiat'd during oxidation In any single oxrda:,on process all COMPLEX SUPERALLOYS
of Ihes^ iactors may contribute but the influence of component D P Whittle In AGARD High Tamp Corrosion of Aerospace
Ceometry on these piocesses is often critical and invariably Alloys Mar 1973 p 173-200 refs (For availability see
neglected Mechanisms of stress relief include cracking of the N73.23597 14 171
oxide film. plastic deformation of the scale, and in some The relevant phenoinenologicsl equations for multicompononl
circumstances deformation of the underlying metal The diffusion and methoris of obtaining their s3lution are brtfly
mechanisms Of plastic deloimatron of the scales are reviewed presented Possible forms which the calculated diffusion paths
and the effects of thermal stresses considered Author may adopt are indicated and the relevance of these to the oxidation
and sulfalton of alloys is discussed The multicomponent diffusion
equation was solved for transport in the alloy when one of the
alloy components owasbeing selectively removed by oxidation or
N73-23606 Yale Univ New Haven Conn Dept of Engineering rulfatron Two cases are considered where the oxidant is insoltble
arid Appleo Science in the alloy when the composition of the alloyr scala interface is
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON GAS.. METAL REACTIONS Important in determining which phase is stable in the scale
AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES and when the oxidant ix soluble and can diffuse into the alloy

SRoaner ant AGARO High remp Corrosion 01 Aero=pace possibly producung internal precipitation of sulphide or oxide
Alloyl Mar 1973 p 129- 144 refs (For avarlahlhy see The relevant conditions for inrermal peciputat-on are also presented
N73 23597 14 171 In both cases, the importance Of dlffus;Onal interaction is
To antic.pate the elrects of unusually severe operating Stressed AutI Cr
conditions. or to design readily interpretable oxidation kinetic
experiments consideration is given to the conditions of convectror..
diffusion, and chemical change in the immediate v cnity of the N73 23610 Admiralty Materials Lab Poole lEngland"
gas/solid interlace Recently exploited methods are oulined for WHAT ARE THE SEPARATE AND INTERACTING ROLES
accomplishing this by combining simple conservat.on principles OF SULPHUR. SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IN HOT COR-
with computational techniques and experimental data devel.Wed ROSION?
by chemical, mechanical. and aerunautical engineers for dealing J F G Corrde In AGARD High Temp Corrosion, of Aerospace
with sti-dear physical situeatons ImirQorent effects on gas, solid AlIo,,s Mar 1973 p 203-220 lets IFor availability see
oxidation rates associated with gas flow rate enthalpy. pressure N73 23597 14 17,
level, andor chemical composition (especially dissoclatiorl are The Origins of the sulfur. sodium and chloride contaminants
d::.iu¢'.ed. .-h Gsir
-, the ,-.f 5
o -rs'ni.
ori %",W of .eha-iil are are discussed and the conditions exisling in the gas turbine are
predictiOhs based on available chemical and physical dat,. and examined The chemistry of contaminants in the combustion
dosagning kinetic experiments from which fundamental information environment is introduced and evidence is cited to show that in
can be extracted Author the short residence times available, gas phase sulfaton of chloride

meumo_.m_ -
 -- -- -- --

17 MATERIALS. METALLIC 203

is not significant The mechanism of saol deposition in the gas N73-23614 Nancy Univ (France)
turbine on nozzles and blades is considered briefly and the role WHAT ARE THE PROSPECTS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL
of the obvious contaminants sulfur, sodium and chloride is APPLICATION OF COATED REFRACTORY METALb IN
examined mn relation to sulhdatton and accelsrated oxidation A UNCOOLED TURBINES? IQUEL EST L'AVENIR DES
model is suggested in which periodically extremely local T
non-equilibritum conditions arise on the surface of nozzles and ALLIAGES
STRUCTIONREFRACTAIRES PRO EGES
DES TURfIOMACHINESJ DANS LA CON-
turbine blades due to impaction of sea-salt particles It is B Roques In AG \RO High Tamp Corrosicn of Aerospace
suggested that such conditins may permit chloride to destroy Alloys Mar 1973 p 269-282 refs In FRENCH. ENGLISH
the integrity of protective scale layers under low oxygen pressure summary (For availability see N73-23597 14-17)
conditions existing t.orereth liquid sulfate deposits Author Various protective coatings are investigated to determine the
most effective application for refractory metal alloys used -n the
N73-23611 Centre National de Recherches Metallurgiques. Liege structural makeup ol turoine engines The results indtcated the,
(Belgium) coatings based on SiO2 and A1203 constitu:e foundations fromn
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS which improved proteotie Oxides may be developed J M ivI
SINGLY OR IN CONASINATION ON HOT CORROSION?
N73-23615 Liverpool Univ iEngland)
A Davin and 0 Coutsouradis In AGARD high Tamp Corrosion ARIE THERE NEW APPROACHES TO ALLOYING WHI1CH
of AerospaceAlloys Mar 1973 p221-233 refs (For availability MAY PRODUCE OXIDATION-RESISTANT REFRACTORY
see N73-23597 14-17) METAL ALLOYS?
As single additions only chromium or aluminium are reported J Stringer In AGARD High Tamp Corrosion of Ae:o~pace
to improve the oxidation resistance of nicker and cobalt Alloys Mar 1973 p 283-294 refs (For availability see
appreciably, due to their forming protective scales of Cr203 N73 23597 14-17)
and A1203 respectively at sufficiently high conc;ntratirns When The oxidation mechanisms of Nb. Ta. Mo and vY ,ire briefly
the two elements are added together. the presence of the reviewed Nb and Ta form non-protective porous sc,.les ol the
chromium causas a stable layer of A1203 to develop at lower pentoxides. and at the same lime oxygen dissolves .n the metal
aluminum concentrations than in the binary systems, due to the proýcducing severe embrittlement It was found that at elevated
gettering effect of the chromium in the metal which impedes te iperatures. both Mo and W form volatile oDidef. and reduction
the inward diffusion of oxygen and prevents internal oxidztini in the Oxidation rate requires the Stabilization of a foreign oxide
surface Some molybdates and tungstates appear to have
promising properties, and chromium rich alloys forming Cr203

N73-23612 Naval Ship Research and Development Center. zt:eis also represent significant improvements Unfortunately. all
Anso.cfrM.A alloys so far developed which have significantly improved oxidation
ARE COBALT-BASE ALl OYS INTRINSICALLY MORE reisAnrpa are also very bridle Author
RESISTANT TO HOT CORROSION THAN ALLOYS BASED
ON NICKEL? N73-23616 Aerospace Research Labs. Wright-Patterson AF6.
W L Wheatfall In AGARD High Tamp Corrosion ol Aerosoace Ohio
Alloys Mar 1973 p 235-254 refs IFor availability see PROSPECTS FOR OXIDATION RESISTANT REFRACTORY
N73-23597 14-17) COMPOUNDS
A literature search was made in an effort to determ;ne if Norman M Tallan /n AGARO High Temd Corrosion of Aerospace
cobalt-base alloys are intrinsriczl.i better than alloys based on Alloys Mar 1973 p 295-309 refs (For availability see
nickel relative to hot-cortosion resistance Results of the search N73-23597 14 17l
did not confirm whether cobalt alloys were irhsrently more Recent results of static and dynamic oxidation studies of
resistant than nickcl alloys Failure to resolve this controversy materials which combine ODtlmur,1 resistance to corrosion thermal
was due mainly to two factors 11) insuffrcient hot-corrosion shock fracture, fatigue etc are presented Particular attention
data comparing pure nickel and cobalt and 1?2 contradictions is directed tI, the potential of such materials as Zrlý2. Hf82
with regard to the roles of sulfur and the I-quid sulfide phase in S,C S-3N4 and ther. combination% in a range of technologically
the hot corrosion process A drscussion and comparison of results important applications including gas turbines, hypersonic and
of a number of investigations are provided along with the listing re-entry vehicles Relation of the details of the oxidation processes
of several QueStions w;,. ,,,& -6&r4v a5, thC bt:c! !0o frjue their dependence on fabricot-on variables and their effect on
research offorts tO finally resolve whether or not cobalt-base material Performance are emphasizer the e•_ss,Uj;u ue ,f the-6
alloys are intrinsically more hot-corrosion resistant than alloys and related high temperature materials as coatings for refractory
based on nickel Author metals and alloys ,s discussed Author

N73-23617 Battelle Columbus Labs . Ohio

CONCLUDING DISCUSSION
N73.23613 International N-cK1 Co . Ltd . Birmingham iEnqland R I Jaffee and T F Kearns (Naval Air Systems Comr-mand) /n
CAN FUEL ASH CORROSION BY VANADIUM BE COM- AGARO High Temp Corrosion of Aerospace Alloys Mar
BANTED BY ALLOYING OR COATING WITHOUT THE USE 1973 p 313-314 (for availability see N7J 23597 14-171
OF FUEL ADOITIVESN Reaction kinetcs relative to corrosion and oxidation resistance

K J Williams and P J Parry In AGARD High Temp Corrosion in refractory metal alloys are discussed Emphasis is placed on
of Aerospace Alloys Mar 1973 p 255-266 refs 'For availability the application of these alloys in the elevated temperarrire
see N73-23597 14 171 environments of gas turbine engines The arHas dealt with rnch;de
Materials for nozzle guide vanes and turbine blades sublect scale lattice defects evaporation, diffusion hot corrosion
to attack by the products of combustion of vanadium containing reacrion PrOteCtive coatings scale behavior in thermal shock
fuels ee investigated Previous crerating experience of ir-dustrial applied stresses
on scale plasticity.in and
oxidation effects of composition var.ablas
resting proceduresen
rn u
gas turbines burning residual fuel is referred to. and current
ASTM fuel specifications are considered Relevant developments
-,:h3t at:3-s an:-i1C .irgs a'l review'!11 Rprrnrly announced alloys
containing 35% 50% chromium offer promising corrosion N73-23618Battelle Columbus Labs Unro
resistance and an indication of the strength attainable in the ANNEX B NATO NATIONAL REPO0iTS ON HIGIr
50% Cr base is given High chromium coatings applied by TEMPERATURE CORROSION OF AEROSPACE ALLOYS A
pack chromis,ng have performed well in recent burner rig tests TOPICAL LISTING OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAMS
There is a need for more comprehensive testing of these new lan G Wright In AGARD High Temp Corrosion of Aerospace
maeriatls under realistic conditions, and over a range of Alloys Mar 1973 p 321 350 (For avealability see N73 23597

I vanadium contents Author 14 171

 204 17 MATERIALS, METALLIC

The clata presented in this corrilarttron represent much of r, ITMT and fina! -FTts Ti thermumechaniaica treatments of TAHAI
the current research and developmr-ent wrcA in NATO countries type. which as is kr-wrn. cause a superIl.ardlenrng effect with
on high temperature corrosion ci aerospace alloys Author an accep~ahie loss i- ductility may lead to decidedly new ptoducts
with properties ti-a. are much Superior to t.iose of commercial
fraditirz,li~a prod,cls Author
N 7423 lO8s Advisory Group for Aeiospace Research and
Development. Parts tirance) 1104-231112 P1-ýlTrans Corp , t Segundo Calif
METALLURGICAL ASPECTS OF FATIGUE AND FRACTURE INFLUENCE OF MICAOSTRUCTURE ON T105 GROWTH OF

tAGARD R 6!Cý Avail NTIS HC $77 FATIGUE C:AACKS

The ptii.eedr-ncis of a conference to investiciate the Ialigue anc6 G Sericrur ird r: Bathias 1I7 AGARO Met Aspccts of Fatigue
fir-Ctoriri oihavror
t of aeOro,iace structural ailoys are piesente, 3nd Fractu-e Toighriess Dec 1973 p 77-9o refs (i-or availability
The effect Of heat treatmt-nt to prevent Stress corrosion .as see N74 23108 14- 17)
anialyzed to determine Possible changes in the mech.-ni cai The application of the failure mechanism concepts to the
properlies of the materials The subrjects discussed md 'de .ne develciamenf of fatigue induced cracks is discussed T-he influence
toughness .21 developments in fatigue and tiacijie i3) is analyzed The metallurgic parameters which play a part at
theirromechanicat procedures to improve the prnr-r'rtes of high Ire very level 0f crack propagation mechanisms are examinedI
strengfh aluminum magnesium. zinc copper alvranil t41 ;ie it is stated that the ri)ost important paiametei which governs
influence of microstructure on the giowth of '"riyue ciecks, Foi tMe development of fatig.oe inducedi cracks is the nature of the
individual titles see N74-23 109 through N. 4-23 112 Plastic deformations which oi~cui at the craCr. tip Such
deformations are essentially related to the slip character and to
N74-23109 Royal Aaiirlif Eshlslithmýrrrl farnborough ýEnglandi the stacking fault energy The influence of structure on fatigur
Msate~ials Dept inducedl crack develoorr~ent rý reviewed with emphasis on e
THE M-El AlLURGICAL AS.PECTS OF FATIGUE AND foimnat-on of striations and, oi The environment. stir. cure
*P 1 E ýorsytli ii Ai5ARD Met Aspects of eatigue andf
Fracture Toughness Dec 1973 p t 22 refs iFoi dava31iflab-yI
An analysis of the cause of fatigue cracks in mat,-rals alro,
a pe'rod 0f repeateid stressing is presented The effecti, 01 Crystal
struc~ture aind slipi plane cracks are discussed Thly apt-ication 0'
Ihermo-iechanical treatmi--t for improved mechanic-,r piopedrleS
is described The effects of anisotropy of micro and macro structure
are reported with respect to total fatigue life andl crack propagation
rates fhe racturie toughness of mater~als .s analyzed to rhowv
ir- elei rtsvt
ý .ti a..-' rictat .. c~ki:cg Mrerre
moidels are developed to express fracture toughness and plastic,
Aeloirr*-o- Author

N74 23110 Connecticut Univ Storrs

SOME RCCENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FATIGUE AND
F RACTURE
A R Anserifelil and A J McEvily iBattelle Columbus Libs IM
AGARO Met Asoects of Fatigue and Fracture Tough~ieSs Dec
,973 p 23-54 refs iFor availability see N74-23 108 14 171
The mic-rostructural oricirns of the fracture resistance of high
strelirqrh steels are analyzed Curves are presented to show
shir-riatic -2racii growth versus stress intensity Tire mechanlisms,
ronnsrrred aie fatigue craciirnci and stress corrosion crarking
tiotli ýhrenoereiia exhibit Three stages or crack growth as follows
ill a If-eshold b~elow which crack giowth is not detected (2, a
1-e1rt sitare -9-. constant vrelocity for environmenrtal vttzck
ani piowei law b~ehavior forý fatigue and .3, an, rustahriluy
chaiar-terized try the fracture roughiriess for crane strain Thick
sectro- bifravuor A- Thor

N74 231 11 Istautuo Sper mneitale (tel MetallS Leggeri. Novaia

IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROPERTIES OF HIGH STRENGTH

Al Zn-Mg Ci, ALLOYS BY THERMOMECHANICAL
PRO CE DUFE S
11 @Piflsso irid S Suqrc pillt Aeion Milstare I-talianat /,, AGARD
Met Aspirin( iOf Fa)tigue art Frýacture To-ghness Gei: 1973
li 55 76 i Is -For isaarlbili, see N14 23108 14 17Jr
A tiirrciihrrlpiocessurig tec.hnique f(,r Irinducug plates
an., forq..nq. of1 7000 e,-es alloys 7975 7t)49 7475 7050
etc i sliowr-rq a less trauisverse ellet- (,,a,, sun Ia' oreirra
pro, esrser mi atlerials A es diiuelotred This picetlumt: called
rite. ireilale lnreiomeniechair 'al Treatrierul -ITP.1 -5 Irased oii
a comiiritwi,)nji of warm delorriatrons and heat treatnueruts wrichs
iirvoi-ýrr th,ii- reistaliiziation of the er~got in sniall erriraxerd grains5
in ai irilerurrediate (or finali stage ot tine woiniy A, a rurl ci:
1
the riocrrssrng the alloys exhihl iul ette ductility boug erss arid
Sties,, corisrorio properieis for a -~vnsteriquri ihan chriventic ii
aliy priries el materials mainly - tiýe -hot( transveirse lr'ectrcn
Miorov o i .; haiis beerl founrd t The tout einpcia , alfil-icton
Ii
 Si

1P MATERIALS. NONMETALLIC 205

Parts environmental effects on exposed part material prnpertes in

18 MATERIALS. NONMETALLIC relation to en. ronme.t and selection of mate.. 5 and feasLile
tncljdes corrosion thysical and mechanical rropeftll Cl t irianufacturinq processe. Characterization of a material includes
qsfterials Is g r.astics). and Olastomers. tiJrulterC Il,,ds preciSe descriptions of its chemial compositron impurit-es and
ati( For ha$ir research see 06 Chiemis.y For relatec factors assocrated with grari. and substructures G G
nformateor' see also 17 Materials. Metallic 2' Propel
lInla. era 32 Structural Mechanics N71-27040# Northwestern tryv. Evanston. III Technological
Inst
CHARACTERIZATIUN. SELECTION. AND USE CF HIGH
N.71,2027a Advsory Group or Afiosr.are Research and STRENGTH STEELS
Devu.ropment Paris iFrance, W S Owen in AGARD The Characterization and AppI of Mater
11'ANOSOOK OF BRITTLE MATERIAL DESIGN May 1971 19 p rets (Sea N7 1-27038 1t-t181)

TECHNOLOGY Avail NTIS

W H Dukes Feb 1971 161 p r, is The principles and ideas on which modern ultra-high strength
rAGARD AG-152 71 AGARDOGRAPH 152) Avail NTIS steals have been developed are outlined and a few concepts of
Struct--ral data on ti- tie nonmetallrc refractory materials basic impor.ance are illustrated `iy a descriptior. of specific alloys

suCn as oxides carbides c-rides. and graphite are provided for use and thermal and mechanical treatments which are applred to thern
ir, designing reerti, vp.,cles and propulsion systems The term Considered exclusively are those alloys intended to po-ssess a very
b'.tle materlals ii use, to describe materials which show no plastic high strength, as defined by the yield st:ess or the flow stress, at
delo-matuon 'icoer stress but deform elastically until falu:e The a small offset (less than. 0 2% strain) combined with acceptable
princiciles :nd ".rac-,ces for achieving reliability with structures ductility It is assumed that components made from these steels
cons!ru,(ed - .ih brittle niaterialr are described in derail Design are subjected to statrc loading a slow applied strain rate or very
'tier"es r-,ess ýrnalys-s mechacal orope'tres and design criteria low frequency cyclic loading at temperatures within tOO degrees

I
.+.e disc issed FO S of room temperature Of priaiery importance is the resista,,ce of
these alloys to stress corrosion and related effects Most of the
features of the structure of importance in this context are those
which can be studied by optical microscopy Author

N 71-27038x Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and N71-27041xa tallowrtia U,['. Berotey Lawrenze Radiaton
Development Paris IFrancer cab Irrjaiin....tarcr,ars R,-each Dr. -
T CHARACTERIZATION
AIE AND APPLICATION OF NATURE. STATUS. AND SELECTION OF CERAMIC
MATERIALS MATERIALS
May 1971 151 p refs Joseph A Pask 1:. ACARD The Characterization and ApOl of
,AGAaRD-LS-5 1-71) Avail Illb rSee. 1-t.
9"•1 p
;F . Pi h, AEC N71-27038

CO'TF NTS Avail NTiS

1 A SYS TEMS APPROACH To THE SELECTION AND Ceranic irarerals are ,des;,Ired as havirng 011,c cov.alent bonding
A-PiLICATION OF MATERIALS R M addin (Pa Un,v. Philadelphial being composen of compoundrs dud being neithrcrystalline or
20 p refs •See N7 1.27039 15.18) (.l•$• Tl•e oxices are of ( articular ,-ol-es! bec•use, of their
2 CHARACTERIZATION SELECTION AND USE OF chemical stability ut. to *.,ch temperatures Britlle beha'.,or makes

HIH STRENGTH STEELS W S Owen iNorthwestern UnivI then-. sens"..e to flaws eitner intrinsic or extrinsic thus re
19 p refs iSee N71-27040 15-17) guirting a -fiorm distribution of uniform flaws to achieve
3 NATURE STATUS AND SELECTION OF CERAMIC re.:abrity int'rnsrc flaws can be correlated with character
M HTERIALS J A Pask %Calif Univ Berkeley Lavwrence Radiation features Extrinsic flaws in themselves are character features
Lib) 66 p iSee N7 1.27041 15 181 Both of these features can be correlated with mechanical
4 CHARACTERIZATION. SELECTION AND USE OF properties and behavior A number of applications of ceramic
POLYMERIC MATERIALS C Wppler rEcole d Apohicatron des materials based on their unique prooeitres of chemicar res,stance.
Hauls Polymeres. Strasbourg France) 14 p See N71 27042 high strengthdensity rations high modulus of elasticity dlensity
.18, ratios, hardness optical transparency and electrical resistance are
5 FIBRE REINFORCED MATERIALS A Kelly Natr .evsec Author
Physilal Lab . Teddinglor. Englundi 12 p iSee N7 1 27043
1StBr N71-27042e Ecole d Application des Hauts Polymeres Strasbourg
6 NEW BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION AND SELECTION C r e a n d p 1

OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS J Tigeot iForgeal. Issoire France- CHARACTERIZATION. SELECTION. AND USE OF
28 p tels iSee N71 27044 15 15. POLYMERIC MATERIALS iPROPRIETES. SELECTION ET
7 CHARACTERIZATIrON SELECTION AND USE OF APPLICATIONS DES POLYMERESI
TITANIUM BASE ALLOYS P Syre SOCIETE TREFIMET AUX C WiVpoler in AGARD The Cnaracterzat,on and Appl of
ARGENTEUIL FRANCE. 46 o refs -See N71 27045 15 17) Mater May 1971 14 p In FRENCH ENGLISH summary iSee
N71 27038 15-18.
Avail NTIS
Polym'2rrc subolances are classified as ertler tnermoseiltn.

N71 27039a ueiirsyl.ana

.Jn,. PhilarlcIrihla Schrrri of or ihenmoplasic resins The irst catroqoy intcludes ot-enhlic resin
%i.erallurar• a] Irt-i rain 5 •-S.e urea and melanrmi form.aidehrde resir,s epoxi res is unsaturated
A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE SELECTION AN- polyesters and elaston-ers These are ciolyr eric surDsraiices ihe
APPLICATION OF MATERIALS synthes-s of which is achieved dwiri'g the proCessing py Ihe cVrri-u
Rchert Maddi . AGARD T!,i Ch,-aij ,t.r atiori anrd Appi Of phase The second caruj.or 1 inclides polyvinyl resins pliv:n,ler.
M~ate, Ma'y 1971 20 1) rfh. -Sec: N'71 21038 15 Iol• 18 ,o'"" , O...'~ r , t~. • n.•l.d.• -,re +
Alvail NTIS tenr.-eralu-e alld time scale The,; Oo,ýperhes are ,r ~~ . -!• n'

A .ses ran ertakrie.o ,r a ,rai er,a;r eCiriii t . a m ,alera'rn bi toeei chenircal natl 'e but also bh Their ular ve ,-ri urN(:
aeic-
sste. conce - nt cnsIstofl nlla-Sl-i adilcat,,-is , J!tr r(:u:ed no'ecular structue The seleption of a t)o:yrerIC sur.sriAr•ce i a

IL
 206 18 MATERIALS, NONMETALLIC

given application depends on anumher of physro-chemical 2 FOREWORD 0 iv

characteristics thermal characteristics (neclianical characteris- 3 SHORT SURVEY OF THE SYMPOSIUM G C Leornand

tics electric or optical crraracterr.Arcs and on its cost Author pv4 FABRICATION
0 EPROUVETTES STRATIFIEES UNIDI
RECTIONNEI.LES C GenIn 8 p
N71-27043# National Physical Lab Teddington fEnglarrdl 5 DETERMINATION OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF A
FIBRE REINFORCED MATERIALS UNIOIRECTIONALLY REINFORCED PLASTIC G i Spies and
A Kelley Ir AGARD The Chafracterization and Appi of Mater Th de Jong 15 p
May 1971 12 p tSee N7 1-27038 15-18) 6 MECHANICAL PROPER TIES OF EPOXY SILICA
Avail NTIS COMPOSITE MATEFIIALS P DeMeester P Dan-bre. and
A now range of materials which are made of strong. stiff A Deruyltere (Louvain Univ . Belgium) I 1 r refs (See
I N72 12493 03-18)
Iibarr embedded in & matrix which may be resin metal or even 7 THE NPL ULTRASONIC TANK ITS USES IN POLYMER
glass is considered Some of the properties of the new strong AND FI13RE COMPOSITE TESTING M F MaIrkham (Natl
fibers are listed, their arrangements in a fiber- reinforced body are Physical Lab Teddington. England) 8 p refs (See N72- 12494
L Strikingly similar to that found in natural materials The present 03 11t
state of knowledge about the principles of fiber reinforcement is 8 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY MEASUREMENTS ON RESIN
reported A clear distinction is made between a brittle solid which FIBER COMPOSITES H Guyoi and M Berliard (Office Natl
I breaks sharply with little and no floA~ and a fragile solirt which break-; DEludes et de Rech Aerospatialesl 13 p) rets iSee
I easily Cracks whic~i usually lead to breaking behiave differentlr in N72 12495 03-18)
ji fragile solid and in a fibrous aggfegate though bcl~h are brittle 9 LINEAR AND NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF A
Author UNIDIRECTIONAL EPOXY SILICON REINFORCED COMPOSITE
N71-7O44
Foreal ssoAeutrnce J Pabiot (Centre D Etude des Matieres Plastiques Paris France,
N71-7040
Isoire~race)15
Fogea p rels See N72- 12496 03 181
NEW BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION AND SELECTION OF 16 ELASTIC CONSTANTS EVALUATION OF A REIN
ALUMINUM ALLOYS [NOUVEAUX CRITEIIES DE FORCED PLASTIC MATERIAL A Bracco. G Mannane and
CARACTIERISATION ET DIE SELECTION DES ALLIAGES M Sattin (Fiat S P A, Turin. Italy) 24 p rels ISee N72-112497
D'ALUMINUM I 03-18)
J ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
adAp fFltr~Ty1 ELASTIC CHARACTERIZATION
I'AADTeGaatrzto OF FIBER REINFORCED
1971 28 p refs in FRENCH and ENGLISH iSee N71-27038COPSTSJMSetAm iaran MchisRs
15-181 Center Watertown Mass -10 p refs 'See N72- 12498
AvailNTIS3 18,
AvailNTIS12 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF S.02 Ff'O:, COMPOSITE
Aluminium alloys are the material mi)st widely used in F Darwisti arid A S Tetelma i Calif Univ Jos Angeles, 7 p
modern airframe construction since even where they are designed refs -See N72 12499 03 t8,
to fly at around Mach 2 5. military aircraft do not hold these Ii nlF TrRM INATION OIF "ATRIS A iln Fri AMFNT
speeds lon.g enough for the ternperatuie rncrezse due to airfiow to STRESS-STRAIN PROPERTIES FROM1 TESTS MADE ON
0
affect the performance of the light alloys involved The aluminium COMPOSITES R apirno and J Slepetz tArmy Malte andl
all-oys most frequently used are aluminium, copper -magnesium Mechanics Res Center Watertown Mass j 4 pi refs -See
alloys or aluminium rzinc, magnesiu m. copper alloys Reviewed are N72- 12500 03-18)i
attempts to improve the normll mechanical properties of alloys. 14 DISCUSSION OF STEEL-WIRE-REINFORCED ALUMI-I
th sscptiiltyof o
refneosessen n lly t bilIL-frctreNUM ALLOYS INVESTIGATED AT BATELLE-INSTITUT e V.-
refaine grreatmerndftersuscepibiit of aoroin
allorfobrimfanctuean FRANKFURT-AM-MAIN U Seidelmann I8attelle Inst Frankfurt
obtan geate ofcorosio
unerstndig peformnceandAN Maui., W~est Geri 4 p refs (See N72 12501 03-1 7)
determine fatigue performance Author 15 STRENGTHENING OF ALUMINIUM BY EXPLOS!VE
INCORPORATION OF BERYLLIUM WIRES C V Jarvis an,'
N71-27045. Societe Trefimefarir Aige-nteuil Frarrcej P M Slate (Atomic Weapons Res Estab Foulness England)
5
CHARACTERIZATION. SELECTION AND USE OP TITANIUM 19 p rels (See N72 12502 03 17)
BASE ALLOYS ICAAACTERISATION. SELECTION ET 16 PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM-BERYLLIUM COMPOS
ITES BY HOT PRESSING R Cousserans iGroupe Pechiney
UTILISATION DES ALLIAGESODE TITANE I
R Syre - AGARD The Characterrualon arnd Appi of-M.atei M~a, Vorenpe IFrancell 6 p (See N472-1 2503 03 t7
1I Mý!ECHAISMS OF FATIGUE IN FILAMENT
I.1971 46 o, rels in FRENCH and ENGLISH ýSe, N47 -270~38 -AL -S _ '4~-,1nS;-
15-IS, Kansas C~it Mal 1 21t p refs iSee N72- 12504 03 171
Avail NTIS 18 A NEW TEST FOR THE GLASS-TO RESIN BOND LIFE
The advantages of tianium alloys aie basedl 0rm~i-r IN GHP COMPARISON OF TYPICAL SYSTEMS EXPOSED TO
their mechanical properly densit, ratio developed by addition of WATER M H Stone iRublier and Plastics Res Assuc of Great
alloying elements and heal treatnments Alloy celectioin for thre two Britain 12 p rels iSee N72 12505 03 18,
nialoi applications ;airframes and let enirgnesi is based on 19 WvETTING AND TREATMENT OF REINFORCING FIBER
* stringent Characterization cirlerra such as fracture torrqrir-ess stress FILAMENTS FOR ORGANIC MATE RIAPi G Mavel (Inst lie
corrosion resistance and fatigue sirength iii adorl .ioii to creep) Recli de Chimie Asancee Paris Fran. ci 9 p rely (sen
reyrsairc andN72-
lowcycl 12506 03-18)
ietnelwcrle atiguie slmeir~gth andrerorcal slaliriry fu; let 20 STUDY OF INTERACTIONI BETWEEN A BERYLLIUM
engine design Fasteners rridiaulrc tubings liii -aslrngs 1piood-e FIBER AND AN ALUMINUM MATRIX j P Trolier and R Oral
new areas of application for titanium Engineerirq woperties ~arj Office Nail D Etudes et de Rrech Aerospat-miles Paris France)
stiongly with Ehe alloyv nrciuslru,_lume Aulbo' 9 p rely S~ea N72 12507 0-- t 7)
2t CALCULATING AND PREDICTING VISCOELASTIC
N72 12492# Arlvisory Grouip fur Aerospace Research arid CON3TANTS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS N F Vinh Toung
Cevebopmrnt~n Paris iFrance, (Inst Superieuir des Malerraux et de Ia ConirI 28 p rely (See
COMPOSITE MATERIALS N 72- 12 508 03.18El
Sep 1971 225 p 'el& Partly ini ENGLISH partly in FRENCH 22 REMAROUES AU SYMPOSIUM SUH LES MATERIAUX
iAfR 63 3 Aai N COPSIE
23 REMARQUES AU SYMPOSIUM
LemaitreFPrc SUR LF.S MATERIAUX

CO.NFNT 24 EVEOPPEENTEVENTUEL Of, PROGRAMME

I AN1MEBRSAN EMES F H %\ORKING G Pirrner 2 fm
GROU
_-RALSp
ONCOMPSIT
.. M- 25APPNDI DISUSSONSON PRESENTED PAPERS

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
 I
!

18 MATERIALS, NONMETALLIC 207

N72-12493m Louvain Univ B~elgium) Inst voo; Metealkunde NA2141

tia SPAuiv)t'lLb iecee otal
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY-SILICA CO PO ELAutoA CONT TSEAU IO OFAR NOCD
ITE MATERIALS AEeutoe nAADLASTIC CONTERANTL VLAINO ARIFRE
P deMeester. P Dambie arid A eutrr nAADPL TCMTRA
CompsiteMatr
S~ 19t 11p rts 'ee 72-1492A Stacco G Mannorre and M Sattin In AGARO Composite
03poit
181 r Sp 91 1 rf Se 7-2 Mater Sep 19 24pc refts See N72 12492 03-18)
Avail NTIS ~alNI
Composite materir;s consisting of an epoxy matrix A theoitical and experimental analysis has liven performed
longitudinally reinforcvrd by oriented silica fibres have t~een to ea-'usre the elastic constants of a silica epoxy composite
:.sted tor their mechanical properlies Primarily tihe elastic materrl From a theoretical standpoint the material under test
ccrercients have been measured For this purpose static and has bee.,izconsidered as en homogeneous body and assumed to
dynamic -'easurements have been performed Specimen foirms be ti~orol,, in the plane orthogonal to the fibers di-rectior. Undei
and telt resu:! ire discussed Other mechanical properties these assi..'i-otrons one can show that five independent Plastic
[T tI are also ;:,esented and disc~ussedc in view of tire rconstantt are -;utfricent to describe the elastic properties of the
apicton f such trr-Pe rerinforced rnateiials as structural compositori atxmnal Thea values of threse constants have then
lements Author been Irlrited ve-us specific weight and strain rate ot the
sim~ples by the use of ad hoc suitable equipments Authoi

N72 1249411 National Physical Lao . Tedonc'lon (England) Div

of Molecular SineN72-12498* Army Makrs;ils and Mechanics Research Centei.
THE NPL UTRASONIC TANK ITS USES rIN POLYMER Watertown. Mass Theore- al and Applied Mechanics Research
AND FIBRE 'ýOMPOSITE TESTING Lab
M F Markham Mn AGATT) Composite Mate, Sep 1971 IjLASTIC CHARACTERIZATr'2'N OF FIBER REINFORCED
8 p rely See N72 12492 03- 191 COMPOSITE S
Avail NTIS J PM Slepelti n AGART, Composi.' Mater Sep 1971 10 p
Mui urement of ultrasonic attenuation on composites has rats iSe' N72t12492 03 18)
been shown to be ,valuable Q~ualitative metnod of testing these A48.! NTIS
materials tor voids or similar defec~ts Existence of ihese does The :Orre scatter in test data obste ,d is consistent with
seriously reduce the strength and indeed the ela tic constants 11 ijrevious experre'- in fiber reinforced mratt.. .is Such valiance is
1
is therefore highly desirable that all samples ame tested in this usuall , due in part to t:trrication valf-ables va-.iron in constituent
manner before Ifurther tests are carried out The method has properties. and deficiencies in test methods i, also has bee.'
been applied to two composites silica epoxy ando silica phenohic suqgested that local stress ccr.mzrrnt~dair~s :adikcularly -n
sheets Values ot theii elastic constants are given in the transverse normal arid fhear tests affect behavio n the gjoss
appendix Author scale and account for part of the data spread 1W' specimens
were prepared with most of the fabrication variables *'mrnated,
-,c!
ýe Sý1!e, lvi esi livd w,xs mtill excessive Ths s Odqests
N72- 12495* Office National dEtudes ei de Recrrercses that convenitioiial test iretliods vie at fault cm: tira. v'ce
AeropatilesPair
Fracelvariations in composite properties are intrinsic to this cii:of
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY MEASUREMENTS ON RESIN materials In an, case the designcry problem of piedlici'. q
FIBER COMPOSITES IMESIIRES DE MOD ULES stiucturai behavior oi of specifying required properties G
ELASTIOUES SUR COMPOSITE FILS-RESINE) composites is cronsider.bi1 rmagnifire! ho such uncertainties
fH Guvot and M Hediard In AGARIJ Composite Mater Sep concerning material properties Author

1971 13 p refs in FRENCH ENGjLISH- sumrm'aiy iSee

N72 12492 03 18)
Test specimen have a rectangular sectron 01 4 it -rimm
N72 12499a California Univ Los AngelesI
Elastic deformations aie measured under a wiacmi roýr. rtrrss
Three extensomelers are mounted toglether to measure tire MECHAWfCAL BEHAVIOR OF S.02 EPOXY COMPOSITE
variations at total width of tctar thickness aird thre delorma~ion F DaiwiSh and A S Tetelman !n AGARO C-iepcisile Mater
srevs and test specimen lengths Withirri one percent Sep 1971t 7 p refs (Sire N72 12492 03 18,

measuremnents are reproductihie when made on tie same test Avail NTLS
specimen of furinshed materials But threc is a ratheregreat noThe efil of tempeieatu~e and fiberi uiientatian on the load

stressed perpendicularly to silica yarns show. a rathei cor.serirenlial resin composites have been invesligate(i by means or slow bend
delayed elasticity Aujthor and impact tests Alitnough tough ind strong wreri loaded
o ts it'es
parlll hecomposite is Shorwn to be weak aild

f- 12- 12496# Centre d Etude des Mat~eres Plastiques Paris b-tIle when loaded transversely The composite exhibitedt little or
tFrancel n notch sensitivity for notches machined along planes normal in
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF A the irbers -whereas for the case of not-hes machined parallel tn
UNID:RECTIONAL EPOXY SILICON REINFORCED COM- the lpii-th composite showed coirside Lile notch sensit,,ity
POSITE that rdeprendedt on the test tempeiature? in, rease in tost
J Pabiot 'In AGARD Composite Mater Sep 1971t 15 1r temrierature had the effect of rerduciirg the load carry-ing capacity
rels In FRENCH ENGLISH sum-oar-y ;See N72 12492 03 18- ci tol the notched andl rnnmitcsed samples in bolt, h tisl5ow
Avail NTIS t~rend aid1 imrpact loading impact i'nrrtyr values measured ior thme
A method toi determining ridepei~dent mecuhanir.ai sirecunuens lowired pamaliel to their fiber: shocwedt a sis~ryi-
dco-iave with the rise i- test tirmpeiariue Aiithoi
characteristics ot an epoxy silica composite rmaterial in whichi
the reinforcement is unirdirectionial is priesented The miaterial
takes the tornm of Small dimnersion sheets Its ciicrisu.
must allow tire rquantialive response tiner~l-itir to ýii Stares 1N 72 12500o Army Materials a- tua-usrruic et
stress lIn the lineai domain the compliance tenso' and in the Waterow Mass Thlseitci arti Airirlert 'y~r t..~'~nn~
non linear domain a crirterion of breaking sticngltn is diefined Lab
tneoretrcairy The ruid un ;!.v 4 ~r::cd ~ii ~ DETERMINATION OF MATRIX AND FILAMENT STRESS
been confirmed try submittingj the ctiaracterustLiS as a frimuct-on ofiSoI MF 1-ROM TESTS MiirE 0.'-1 C0OMxPC3
the angular positro" of the ares The rtrscussrrri' of true reslts ITES
concerns chiefly the percentlage of fuibri its d'triinnand thef Raiin P'apn'm- ad Join M S-,tms in. Aý'AHT- Ciriiirosrr
physical apperraanr~e of tire miateriral iesoiitrgfljlonr riotar si~ Maler NTSep11 esu~ 7t29 )
conditions Ai,,h
I hnoTI
 208 18 MATERIALS, NONMETALLIC

A It mpl-a method has been developed for the determinations The mechanisms of low-cycle fatigre varn stjd:ic, in
Of thfo effective in situ farreaa and nonlinear stress strain composites of ?luminum reinforc-d with 34 vol % of conlinuous
measuraerrrnt made on composites Two specimens with slghl tested ~re series fabricated using as-drawn r(ough surifaces'
different but predetermined value volume fractions of berylliurn wire and ano~her using elect ropol isherd (smooth s~irfaces,
reinforcemnent, are tested Anr analysis of the load-strain data frum beryllium wi: !. to dete~rmirie the eNects of m-ecfhanical interlock
the two specimens yields the average for the two specimens of at the filament matrix interlace on totigue performnance Axial
stress-51fr in data for the reinnto:cernent ar-d for the matrix It is st amncontrolled fatigue tests were pe'formed The cycl.
shown tfrat the metfod is independent of the 0inpe ot the Stress-strain curves wert rdentical for -hp two series of composite
component stress-strain curves and may be appflred in the linear specimens while romliosrtes reinforced withs as-drawn f'avrents
and nonlinear regions General principles of specimen parr design exhtihitei lunger :atigue lives !,ai composites reinforced with
are derived based upon a sensitivity .:nalysis of the method efectropolished IrO'ilei1t, This difference in fatigue it as between
which takes into arro.j .:t e precision of the measuring the two series of c(,, Dosite% -as alt r,bcted to the difference in
*apparatus~ and Ihs relative stiffnesses of the components of the the rate of sracti growth Daixic to filament-matrix intnifaces It
compositrIS Author was concluded that rough filament surfaces impede interfacial
crack growth -Author

I)
N72-1250i.r Battette Inst . Frankfurt am M3in lWest Gerrnanyl
OISCOrS!;ION OF STEEL-WfRE-AElf"'ORCEO ALUMINUMx
ALLOYS INVESTIGATED AT B.ý i(ELLE INSTfTUT a V -N7.e-12505x IT-ibber and Plastics Research Association of
FRANKFUJRT AM-MAIN Great Britain. ShricvwSbury ifingladl
U Seroelrnann In AGARD Composite Mater Sep 1971 4 po A NEW TEST -OR FtrE C-LASS-TO-RESIN BOND LIFE IN
refs (See N72- 12492 C3 181 GRP COMPARIS.ON OF TytfCl SYStEMS -'XOOSED
Avail NT S TO WATER
Resells citarned in tensile strength measurements made on M H Stone In A6APiJ Composite Matter Sep 1971 12 p
steel-vwife reinforced aluri num alloys 2rc presented Carbon s:x-0 refs ISee N 72 124192 03 181
winre rvncse final strength after imncritporation in the composite Avail NTIS
Was ahelil 140 Plus Of mirnuS t0 kg sel mm was coated wNith A nPA mell :,j is described IL- determining the h', of the
alumniiurn alloys and after hot pressing first subjectod to tensil. glass tjr resin bjnO in GRP exposel to waler Tt-e electrical
tests With filamernt contents of 20 to 60 volume percent corrdtrrtancc along tne strands is Ireasu. ,cd as a furic .'n of tine -
increases in strength of 200 to 350 percent were acrhieved of exposurer and the hord life define-I as thi, time taken for tire
these val~ie&_approaching 'he theoretical values In dynamic tests corcuctance to attain a ýerlar n value A comparison of several
on speci-riens reiniforced with 70 volume percent the strength glass coupling agent combinations rn epoxy recin exposed to
,aalies mneasured after 2 x t0 to the seventh piwer toad cycles boil-ng water showed a 7 fold range of bond tile with the
ortre 50 percent higher than those of the utsreinforcerl material Sorlass HITS treatment combintin giving the most dura3le
A,,hn bor.d Pelativin bond lives at 60 and 100 C to' an E glass epoxy
rompositle qave an overail d .....rig - c! 3--1

N72 l2t502ii Atomic W~e-con Research EStrtrtiynnnerit torj-neSS 30 Kcal mote to he ntebond-ng process Aultho,
,lngland,
STRENGTWENING OF ALUMINUM BY EXPLOSIVE
INCORPORATION OF BERYLI fUM WIRES NI_ '2506-i Insuitu de Recherchc-, re Chinnri: Asance2 Paris
C V Ja-s ard P M B Slate in AmaARD Composite Matter lFrance
Sep 19'11 .9 p refs iSee N72- 12492 0r3 18' WETTINC AND TREATMENT OF REINFORCING FIBERI
Avail Nl'S FiLAMtNIS FOR ORGANIC MATERIALS IMOUILLAGE
I: is Shown that trerytirnsni reinforced AlumninurioLin be Er TRAITEMENT DES RENFORCEMENTS FILAMESJTAfRES
preplared ýsing arr mrxploc--ve honlring technioue The mechanical LiSSOCIES A DES MATI RIES ORGANIOU: Sj
properties of Such a con-poste compare -e~lwlls 1105l from -3 Mavet Iri AGARD Composite Mater Sep 197; 9 p rots
sam~plcs Prepared by diffusion horidtng Author r, FRENCH ENGLISH summary ;See Nv72 12492 03 181
Avail NTIS
a -monoifilamerrt
t echniuue fo: measuring the wetting of
N72- 12603ar GroiipL Pechiney Vo~e;-p Francel Liroupe by'he resin itself rin a temperature range permissibl- for the later
retl rev ant air along the hardenings process is described S-me insight
PRDCINOF ALUMINUM BERYLLIUM COMPOSITES I -1 arclrinq the nirimptegr~ ,on mectidinnsn -dj s-i-.c h-=2!
BY HOT PRESSING IREALISATION DE COMPOSITES I.n )l the liameni r-irlrnts is prendet Typical results irid
ALUMINUM BERYLLIUM PAR PRESSAGE A CHAUDI described for vamnriou liviriorcementr Aultior

RCoursseairs /,I AGAPC) Comilrst Mate- ben 1971 6 pI

Avail NTIS N72 12-07- Office National d Etudles et de Rerheiches

Hot0 press-ing of teie llruir litre's (i strips n.10 ,il .. erosipatia'es
Paris jFrance,
aluirrnmn helyllrtm composi' . by a semi continiuos hIT.:lloo STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN A BERYLLIUM FIRER
tiurriljnrer speci -ens -if large 1nriprsnsr rdepending on the AND AN Al-UMINUM MATRIX JETUDE DE LINTERAC-
pssure olg.s use. A comnbmnatncrni h1)t press,ng laminating TION ENTRE UN FIL DIE RF.RYLLfUM ET UINE MATRICIE
orrlf dii-.ei sorn. drfilentlies hecr, se the ffqtt f th ALUMINIUMI
rierrlliumr an,,,Io
tire yn. npoitarit elastic setralaf-cn- bletween the J P tro)tter anid P. GrM 1,i iiARD ontTprisnte Matlr Sep
,rCri-iliuni A Mithiv- a on;',iri 1 yrs _aos(,r1 try the rerluctrin rate 1971 9 1) rel. Ir FRIENCH I-NGrLISH sriniraie ISee
oreci:S %a,,, cr ubtaw a yvivr nir io-J!irLOiilriirndS Ni7? 12492 03 131a
c
tmarii ~Avail
Ii, NTIS
N-ike: ptatedi trer-rlnr~-r wires have breen covirert by an

Mu Center ele~r,r aluiifriii iiirr ira)ticc withi or withou. li-merry iennoivirin,

N72 12504n .Itc
liii*--
lsar
, ,x~
1 1 ~Ins! Karrsa-.
~~~ini~ilhi 1(j
-i rket la-,ei Drliffsion prlenompna -ire breen stiritiedI by

MECHANSMS OF FATIGUE INFILAMENT REINFORCED '--, AM I r carrrrrrrtiinoni-fostue examriar.on airTf rrrtnnprbi,

METALS anal-is-, alte- a se-es; if ilie~rmal treatmemnr of varratale Jrauinton
l
HlHar z-a k.' A(jAFiO iiirs i:%ir SyIr 19 7 at 250 deil .80 leg ar -1 600 (1 'tie rec-ystallrnatrnn state- of
2 1 p refs Sci reiti trait 1) At *.11 Senta`72 t ?49a2 03 tIr~e i-cs an- t, nlratri has ,rr ),en X rais Thre
l-
tii
NTIS sarire trilin rlrre irrtnnrderi ai~ rir~tl rrfirari
*A-.fn
at 2s0o C o -f siort ic-i 1ii180l~ C Au t 1,o
 18 MATERIALS. NONMETTALLIC 209

Conistruction Mercantjue- Saint-Ouen (Firance) Lab d Automatique and also prevent brittle failurfe. ire J~o~din less oetali The

at do Mercanique Vibrafuire techniques for combiningi fr~an-rnts and matrix .010 1 repreg orf
CALCULATING AND PREDICTING VISCOELASTIC other preforms anti the fabrication into structure are conlxrderedl
CONSTANTS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS [SUR LES Finally the mechanical pr~oueites of composites based orn boron
CALCULS ET LES PREVISIONS DES CONSTANTES carbvon. anel organic fibers are presented Author
VISCOELASTIOUE S DES MATE RIAUX COMPOSITES1
N -VirshTuoerg In AGkRr) Composite Mater Sep 1971
28 p refs In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (See N72-12492
!,3.i181 S N72-29692 Generral Dynamics. Forl Worth. Tex
COMPSITE INTH SRUTUA DESIGN PROCESS
The theory of elasticity is sad in conjiunction with the Airy CMOIE NTESRCUA
sletjru.-Il.r~ini to determine elastic constants of unidirectional M E Waddloups III AGARD Composite Mat May 1972
fiber rte14orced comosites by computer programs In 13 1 refs (For avaliabi;:Itv see N72-29509 20-18)
alaslodyrrsimics. dispersion relations for the propagation of elastic Teo-o dacdcmoie sapiaysrcua
long waves yield elastic constants in various symmetries In material for aircraft structures has required alteration ot the
01,091scoelstrcy. upper and lower bounds areoobtained separately characterization and design process Specific departures from
Author conventional ligh~vveight mnetal design piactic(es have resulited
because of the fabricat~on and process c-ontrol characteristics
the failure characteristics of tile material. end the additional
N7-98v Advisory G~roup for Aerospace Reseatic.'t and Structural design variables Each of these subject areas with the
Devlomen. ars (race attendant impact of composite materal1s on dlesig, practice are
Oe' PSrIopEnt PATRIsiALce reviewed Case examples for actual Prototype hardware are
8 Walter Rsvsen May 1'j72 12!5 p refs presented Ato
(AGARD-LS-55) Avail NTIS HGCS825
The material reported was assembied to support a fecture
series prosei Ted in Oslo i~sofwayl Lyhgby (Denmark) and Lisbon N72-29593 National Physical Lab , Teddinglon lfinglandi Div
(presenta t mo.r
u, he17 oo objesctnce of rheviewctumreralst
Preentthemo-ýr
of Materials Artirications
copo-esconepta rviw o maer~lsEXPERIMENTAL METHOOi P-DA COMPOSITE MATERIALS
~
c.ompcisitesil Considerations in the aptalic-auirn of advanced 1972 28 p refs iFor availability see N72 29589 20-1811
compotsites, and airframe application ate Covered For individual A wide range of techniques is discussed for measuring the
titfes, see N72-29590 through PJ72-29596 efastic. viscoclastic. ultimate, ýa. - thermal arnd electrical
properties ')f fiber reinforced co. iposites I 1-sin emphasis is given
N72.295;l Mixterials Sciences Corp Blue Bell Pa In rhe dietern -nation ot fine basic piopertiri of uidetirai
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS einforced comp. sites and for this purpose. t. a mechanical test
Wafter Rosen /r AGARD Composite Mct May 1972 22 p -arnPles considered are miainly in the form of rectangular tars
rats(Foravaiabilty
N7 2959 2018)However sr some consideration is given to methods rnvclv~ig
o f
fi;(ailbith erelainhp
N etee the8 efeci0 proei)e oneycomti sandrisch struc~ures. circu-ar rods, plates, rings a idi
Studies othreainhpbewethefetvprptescylinders For determining the state Youngs moduir andi Poisisons
of fiber composite mnterials and the mechanical and geomirri.c rto esiai opesv et r osce nadto
properties of their conlsituerits are reviewed The aims 0f such rto esr.ai opesv et r osdri nadto
studies are first, to prcvide the ability to analyze tire to fleixure methods icantifever. 3-point and 4-pointl and also theI
performance 0i strutlures utilrzir.g These heterogeneous materials honeycomt, sandwirch technique Methods lot measuring the
and ecod, o prvid Fr te
gudehný deelomen ofshear mooduli include both torsion and off-axis tonsile te,;s
and second mtorash ~roideguidlelinresigning
nipioved
rationale~ma
materials
th daverltopment o
foricdeiinir The matriatosui
Comparative elastic data obtained by these methods are collect id
ex
the application is describedi The feasibility of a - omplish~inq th.s fthef eiscsse forounidrcinfiber-eoyad
slc oo iepox calufinu
aim. through the use of high stilfness anc high strenrlth liheie sbrnfbreoy an onifbrauiu
riamentary niatierials is dliscussed It is emphasized that '.he comtrrsts Creep and stress relaxation methods are outlined for
ccs%:gn cycle "rith Composites irvolves many msore steps then' the study~ing time dependent viscoelastic behaviour and results
-* qinrVsslenr metaifir- %trLctural desruin process The relationship isilutaefonynrberii oo-px cm stsbvel
.3 devrefoped governing the thermomechanical properties ot driyiarrrn tests are described including the low frequency forced
34 composites The imporldrrin0 of heterogeneity and .rnrsolropy ar rionresonance torsion Pendulum. audoielre..uci c resonance and
-mtreated Theoretical results are presented for composite eiastic
rriodufr. hermal expansioe coetficients, thefrn.31 .rducfnviti"
ultrasonic pu~lse techniques Dynamic elast5c constants and
cianipirry factors are illustrated for carhon fibor epoxy composites
and specific heats Fesi-ts are presented in a form easily usatble as a function of frequency and fiber %olime fraction Methods

for parametric study -' candidate -ateiiats dur-ng the prelimin !-y 0ii assessed for determining thle tensile. compressive flexuraf
design phase The t'usis discussed J.~ the underxtjend-,7, of an ha teghfracture energy arid fatigue life and selected
the tensile compressive and shear strengths of unrdr:ectional diata are illustrated for some carbon fiber. boron. fiber and gfast
fiber composites Techn~rlueS fo; measuring the ilierm.iu
Author expansion coefficient. tfreirial coniductivity. heat capacity elec ticaf
resistivity. diefectric constant arid loss are outlined and some
results Presented frir unidirectlional c.arbonl fib~er Composites Brief
mention is made of magiretoresustive anj tnernromagnetrc dale
N72-i9591 Rensselaer Polytechnic i,.st (ty N Y Materials obtained on a co-pnpsite fornr;.,d by thýe unidirectonat sollidification
iOi. of an eutectic ln~b Nr~b minture Author
FI'5ER AND MATRIX MATFIIALS l`OR 40VANCED

I COMPO61TE S
.J
20 p
Dieferii:-.t: In AGARD CoicseMat
nra* Itr-, avalability see N72 -29; -) 20 18i
use Of high specific strengin unigir
May 1972

(.omposie marpiriats providni a sclotitir for the engineering

rnrjUIru, but Lrtl:Zc
11-n~i
materials These brittie materials .ure uscd as fibrous reinforcement
N72 29694 General D~ynarnics -Fort Wortih li,
AIJTOMIATFI) DIESIGN AND FUTURE DESIGN TRENDS
M E Waddoups fIn AGARD Compnfosite Mat May 1912

I
to pro-ride strenrith arri stiffness in the co-rposite The funitarniental 10 pi rats (For availability see N77 2¶35B9 20 18)
principles for selectinniq the ieiiiforcom.nets are rlescfirtasn as well Examrples rif thre nepw class nil kof compoirsites related

as the concepts use~l to form thesei materiais into high streriqt1h ipltnriairatrd tniobl#:ir s re presentert a-cuniparirerf by illuinsratiorre
lament Detailed information on thre piepafatoun structure 3rrI ot the application ol mdrnufuii opfirinlatrori methiod,. ro comiposire
properties ot boron carbon and organic folament are presenteLd design pioblenis Author
 210 18 MATERIALS NONMETALLIC

N72 2959b Britishi A~rcral, Cric. "itr r'~a,ritM.-' c fabricated from those irbers Glass boron graphite various
0
Airi, alt C, . netalli. RD 49-Ill and silicon carbide fiber and composite
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE APPLIci TiC;'riS OF properties a-e discussed Combined fiber or hybrid composites
ADVANCED COMPOSITES containing boron and S-glass. and beryllium fibers and S-glass
C- Tdxry -r AL;ARD Comnposite Mat May 1912 '4 p -- are discussed The prol)eries of the various forms of asbestos
Fr, availableI seeo N72 29589 Z0 t81 reinforcements are presented along with the mechanical properties
rhe characteristics of .irtanced composites die compraic i ot several asbestos reinforced etpoxy-reson composites fatigue.
%vrtr. tnosc of convenirtoncl a:rfiamsr rtrrasit is Shciwn Via: -reap arid stress rupture data are presented where data on similar
moc.n consiule atrorry ither than errivpnt.cral recrranr-3- cc-c,osile cons(.., rons could be found -i the liteature Author
.. oitrind lap(ircat-on lecniflrrov inIh -ence ii ie ,ele. rcun innl
rirdiilatriif W effecitnive aopt'cat.ans iI comliosI'Pl Padrliutar N73-27476 DeutscheFotschungs und Versuchsanstalt fuer
arreilri~u *s owe-i to 'hle issessminit o! cost rrfterr-veness t0 the. Loft und A aumfahni Stuttgart twetst Germany)loIst fuci
achievement of integrity in a broad sense including protection Sauweisen und Konstruktronsforschung
against adverse environmental effects and to some practical F11lER REINFORCED MATERIALS FOR APPLICATION IN
*aspects of producil ilty ITreods in material and manufacturing THE COLD PART OF TURSINE ENGINES
costs are presentedi to snow that in the airframe rndustiy most Gerhard Grtueninger and Richard Kochendoerfer In AGA RC
pants of the structure coulit benefit frunri the extensive use of Impact of Composite Mater on Aerosp.)ce Vehicles and Propulsion
compourtes in the next ten s-ears Expansion and rndrieLtUron Of Systems May 1973 t13 p rely (For availability see N73-274174
the researc-h and development nýfoirf wilt be necile(ito -Vliibiit 18 t8r
the economic potential of the materials Author The strength to density ratio property of fiber reinforced
materials with plastic and metallic matirn is discussed The
properties of fibrous materials used in Shtuct-,rr?5 which are
N72 29596 Brits', Aircraft toril Waiton -Enr;Iarrrl Military submitted to rinianial loads ar, inalruzedt The s- of composite
Aircraft Div materials for blades and di-scs of I, -hoe eiryries Ioi operation
AIRFRAME APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED COMP3 3 ;TES at elevated temperatures is analyzed Author
I C lagq fir AGARD Compiros.te Mat Mlar 1972 12 pi 'As
:for availatritir see N72 29S89 20 lB N73-.27477 Hawker Siddeley Aviation. Ltd. Woodford fling
'!wile vaniety of 3iiraya-fsecoridar y sf,, li -8- laandi
applicationis of adifedrcr in.rilinsies a-; pres"I-ired It ii2ap CARBON FIBRE COMPOSITES PROMISES AND PROB-
u1ifly actal or lrio;ecieit r. aj-ino5 the ioir -s, en -il-- 1 'i.. LEMS
-1o sorvrce of comp~onents -I oc-ji.-nq c-irin otie., onir orst W G Heath in AGARD Inipact of Composite Maete on
efljierissAll lrev-usi1 . untrublislid irlriirfori~~o icates to Aerospace Vehicles and Propulsion Systems May 1973 t1 p
carJIrIr fliber tfliomy rvonIOsrtrs riridi' ýItf-iilrlmr in til 0UK rely 'Fur avarlability see N73 27474 tB 18i
bUt1 to trOaden Iret pr-I1-ri! 11
ttir0-iaiJ also( ri-1riljs Structures of carbon lieer composite show great promise in
4
bjo~or epoxy Carborl CfOzy art tO j le~ss: i-ntefir hrono reduction of weight arid freedom froni fatigue an- corrosion
aiim -oii n roe tr Si A tI'll- ran r, of cloiririiriii
-ttrctoi They ars0 pvrir I thre designer to ,i-i t ire fnaterial to- oiritori
covered ncI-jOinS coinfiolie rencrdrcr;' moif ot...... r.De's saiiloiri thre applied Iciadr-.. There ;ire on the fIier hand serious prablems
rinriri strucurIes su-th as Ioo1a ilcinis trill cunliril iiil oIl to be overcomre the high cost p1 the material it' botirle ature.
dund the lube ire- Lers lion stiri.ruis sucr, as tail isriia-eh ant its susceptibility to erosion arid its lack of to bustiness, the
wing frmesh~lhreats
rid irslal ,l~i shitmi-shaii liivatiability between apparently identical components. and tire
erlotlr-is is given to tihLfle Siul initl~ rrrncrz:id~li difficurlty of making joinits between sub assemblies lhis paper
1
emibzt,:liri ni each Appflicatiin Itrlotia i. 1 r, j, as prissntni tip examines the promises and lrofrieiris -i turn it show, how the
gjenera! io~is.ineratioils oi tire ievISrdtiAeiioritnrpfromising; lectures migj~t 6,i exploited more fully arid steeks,
is ava-i1rile 'nasc Savirljs arut ni-I Ifenuis~ -rires :LI" J)r I oe- solutions to the problenis Author

si-rrce riP inclrilIt A,,tII:o N73 27478 Naples Uric Italy)

PRODUt-TiON Or FIBROUS METAL COMPOSITES BY
POWDER ROLLING
N 13 27474x Aivisory Group for Aerospace Research and I Crivelli Visconti P Jauch lAcrnitalia Napltesr arid C Voto
Development Parirs [France) iAeritata Naples; /rn AGARD Inilact of Cornpos-re Mater on
IMPACT OF COMPOSITE MATERIAr ýi ON AERIOSPACE Aerospace Vehicles, andj Propulsio Sseri May 1973 23 p
VEHICLES AND PROPUILSION SYSTEMS 'al fs Tni ii, lr si- N71 27474 IS18, 1
May 1973 288 p iefs in ENGLISH and partly in FRENCH The tuirdarrertal aspects, of pirsilir rolling are cirirsuderet
Presented at Joint Symnp of the AGARD Struclures arid Mate' regard.ing bolt fre piorhrict-uor of criorooiruas stris stair- y. hour
Panel and Propulsion and Enerqeti-% Panel Toulouse 20 22 Sep niii'al powder and thre pirorurt1irir rl fibrous metal cinttl.ti5rti7i
1972 obtained by contemliorary rolling of pocwde r wi b idily
rAGARD CP 1121r Avail NTIS HC $16 50 reinforcing wires The method can lie applied to e Inoi~jirrirntrinr
The proceedings of a conference on the use of comrposite of mratrix fibers systemrs of aerinarit.- ~i ,te-est Altl- aI. .pltoon
mategrials in the construction of aerospace vehicles and propulsion OI ltre nuei:nof ea;cI taiarairiut ,iifl"qJli...i Ii iy s.i .1,
systems are presented The %objects discussed include rthe r ir, itftire green 510I,1,ki; -I, ;i.j fe1, i . i
following I1l mechanical properties of high performance plastic and sils Of pioYdini roll i-lianrir1 ojo mii I ; of filnnis suunlt Of
composites. (2;' design concepts using comnposites in arifrienrins li-rt- arid exfereiireniial trot~. ri.-n, ol syst-irrs if £ria;.tr,aI
13) design and manufacturing aspects of composite materials interest are repowfrte ioun thre rslsottarlirI durng thre
with organic matrices 141 atpplication of advanced f-ibrous curie work on Othe denscrnlrei methiod the actoira luitetial anrif
composites to aeronautical gaso turbirne engines and 151 failure aivitgsof Iris nnrturtoi of nimal cnitir-siti a.ii5iiii
analysis of fiber reinforced comprosite motor case 'IluNus.seil nu reaor jirtier siilrriilhllut andl ') Cii Cdir~ripes
of liosslIl'? alDiLiatioris aie given Aullirn
N73-27475 Airt Force Materials Lab Wrighit Patterson AIO

-
Ohio Nonmetallic Materials Div N73 27479 Swiisfh Aircraft Croll liresfotriiLirgldwir Mioltar
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE Aircraft Div
PLASTIf COMPOSITFS DESIGN CONCEPTS FOR THE USE OF COMPOSITES IN
Th~odore JRannhatnlJr In AGARD Imp~act of Cornposre Mater AIRFRAMES
o 'arsaeVhceardPropulsion Systems May t1973 I C larrj In AGýARLI In-.pani of frirriprirsie 61att lii An-nsqra in
2preslo vdbhyseN327474 18 11Vet.icles arid Piofiii.lsiiri Sistir - Mar t1973 t lB , nleIs Ionu
Date and information are presented on hijh slicrigi availability sirn Ni73 27474 lB Ill
high modulus reinforcing fibers and organi..: resin cnmlrositc-y A ifilrilvfori d.in's ntlidi
ofr PIi , I tilrn
MI0',Ilit -. rrllirrrrits
 IS MATERIALS. NONMETALLIC 211

err-phasisting integrity and cost effectiveness is. outlined This N73-27483 Westland Helicopters Ltd Ha-es tEngland'
involves intensive development of a limited number of basic USE OF COMPOSITES IN HELICOPTER-S ADVANTAGES
structural concepts Several Such conscepts applicable to AND DISADVANTAGES
oirffari,Ž structures are ievievved starting with a simplified H- F Winnv in AiýjAFD Impact of Composite Meter on Aerospace
assessmennt of their structural efficiency (measured in terms of vehsicles arid :'ropulson Systems May 1973 9 p rats iFor
mass saving, ~nd
including a brief discussion of features. relating availability see N 73-27474 1S 181
to integrity and fabrication The review includes. composite A scirvey gisrven of the use of glass arid carb'n fiber
reinfocicement of metat structtrirs sotid rods tubes and beams cOrnPoIte n-aterials for helrcop~e; structures tt is reported that
sandwich skin panels. and sandwich box stiuctures stiffened stins glass. itinforac plastics Should be used or, ropot-heads 01 the
and Wound tubes end lattices Particular attention is given to Semi-rigid types and On rotor blades where fatigue streigt i and
attachments and load introduction and a brief section deals vitih low stiffness end Jensity are required to Save weight Cru
bonded and mechanical jroits The paper concludeos with fie enocdpatc r comne o h anh~Cop~n
delstirtions ofArctrutmohngsm o h onpt structures A summary of the strength and stillness ptrjper1ieS
deacrbe Auhorof both types Of cOrmposrtef5 is presenteri Methods. of overall

N73-274.80 Air Force Flight Dynamics tab Wright Patterso-n tabrication for Cost etleti-ve materials are proposed Author
AFOBOhio
DESIGN AND FAILURE CRITjAIA OF ADVANCED COM
POSITE PRIMARY STRUCTURE
Larry G Kelly rIn AGARD Impact of C`omposite Mater on N73 27484 Societe Nationale fndusiiiefle Aercepatreale
Aeopic VhIsan rousinsytmsMy1973 8 p Courbeiroic Froncel Dept Strictures Nourielles
Aeor ospaceVhtr 17 Proplsio s1se8 May COMPOSITES IN ENGINE STRUCTURES AND THSIR
The design. t-. ition and tlitaht test of a boron, epoxy ADAPTATION TO AERONAUTICAL NEEDS (LES COM
F- 11I stabilizer are discussed The applicability of this. composite POSITES DAN$ LES STRUCTURES D'ENGINS ET LEUR
material to airframe construction and the ability to achieve ADAPTATION AUX SESOINS AERONAUTIQUES]
signficntat (eprie
eigh saing Th maeria alowaleG .Jube In AGARO
0 Impact of Composite Mater on Aerospace
sigifian ae wegh
epotedTh
sains maeral llwabe~Vehicles ano ;c~pulsion Systems May 1973 t0 p in
and design philosophy utrlizeC n the evotution of this structure FRENCH (For avartabrl-ty see N73-27474 18-181
are employed as an exampte 31 an approach to establishingThueofiglridcmpit mtiatinicat
logical faiture criteria tron wvhich efficient riesicins can, be
developed with continuous aligned high mrodutus high strength itructurex partiCulerly engine structures is exiaminedt A detailacd
poiemtrasOne of the outstanding features of filamentary -eiwwxmd fteueo enocdbrnadcarbon
crrpitmaeil filaments A comparison was also made of the fatigue life of
composite materials is their directional properi~res which pro3vides the two materials Tiansl b
the ability through crossptyrng of lamine to tailor a structure b
which rneets. specific loads and or stillre-~.n~c~.:t 2
minimum amount to material and weight Thus more etlicierir
and eletble r. ethod of establishing design , wvables for all
laminates of interest was developed The approach selected was N73-27486' National Aeronautics and Space Administration
to esperimnentalty determine the Stress -Strain response to simple Langley Research Center Langley Station Va
unidirectional laminae at the required design t1mnperatore and APPLICAT:ON OF COMPOSITES TO THE SELECTIVE
with the aid of a mathematical model establish a failure envelope REINF'ORCEMENT OF METALLIC AEROSPACE STRUC.
to serve a%the designers tool for selection of a soitable lam-irnate TURES
thickness end Ply orier.~alcori for a given set 0t load conditions W A Brooks Jr E E Mathaizser. and A A Pride in AGARD
Author Impact of Comnposite Mater on Aerospace Vehicles and Propulision
N73Unv 748 'est
Stutgat irianySysterris May 19%Z 15 p rots iFor availability see N73 27474
PRES5ENT AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF HIGh SC lD
STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS TO WEIGHT RATIO COM The use of composite materials to selectively reinforce metallic
POSITES IN PRIMARY STRUCTURES ructureS Provides a low cost way to reduce weight and a means
Ulrich Huatter fir AGARD Impa' of Composite Mater on mmri~rnizng the risks usually associated with the introduction
Aerospace Vehicles. and Propulsion Systemns May f973 14 p of new materials An Overview is presented of thjr NASA
isis 'rsxri i '.A~..t( f~L. ~ ' ~ ~ ~
Ix.r.yRSearch Center programs to identify the advantages
See N73 77474 18 t81 and to develop the potential of the selective reinforcement
The a;,ilca ti' of conifrosle rialeNI10pirialst ~ayaircieli approach to the use of composites These programs have shown
aod spacecrift lIfucltuies is dis'usseft Sormn of till trriritatiuilh that sdlective reinfoicerient provides tincellent strength and
w hich affect ti.: use ') the corripusite materials for certain stiffness improvements to metaltic &tructures Srgnific ant weight

T
p~urp~osers are d'r ,ci~rreJ
of cShell sitiriruies hre -necharival arid physical properifes sanirgs can be obtained in a cost effective manner Flight) service
air: epoiteit A trypotfies~s fut comur r f ole proioga n-s which have been initiated to validate further the nortits
material [i1 -' is. develIoperl Chiarts giaptis arid 'trlayiarnis are of selective reinforcement are desc-bed Author

N73 27482 MeSSCISChrr.irt 80vrrlhrmnu6lti- 6 in t, f4 Grrr;tr...- N73 274836 Techrirsche Univeisiteet Brunsviicir l4est Germany)
lWi'sGe,-irairi Inst fuel Flugznvgteu und Lelchtbas
APPLCATON
CO POSTE O MTERALS OR EAOEXPERIENCE WITH COMPOSITES AS OBTAtNED FROM
SPACE STRUCTURESGLDR
FF Och
Ocn AGAD
ennd
GARDlmp(;t
w onda
W inasin f C'npo-toMal;
ate.'Aerospace t F Tfrieleniaoii endAGjARD
Vehicles /in Impact of Composite Moter on
Impct ofCornps~te P'ripul.borrSses My17
on AoropaIce Vehicles and Propulsion Systerr- Min avilbiit se "137741 System Mor
1O P iats lFor availabrlrty see N73-27474 18.18 i Y A97 isegien of3the7deig anI
suraveiaiiy uacuectldr
The uile of reinforced corrposrte materials for aerosjpace uvyi ie ftedsgnadmr-fcueu ld
R tIrictrirex ia discussed Component developmrent-, t-)r the using gilees fiber end carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites
application cf various composites, Such as glees satbor, Ind f r-r. Tnh. I-,,r in,- Pedraraps -,ter ar@ iii
PAD as11 wall a6 combinations of glees endi carbon are re the possibihly of getting v~it iv oii Sir"Ati ut li~gi.aeiInc
viewed An example of an all-glaes composite used in a third d5'tir and 121 the poSStily1,j yrl'ri the tarici Inn co5ts
$loge Of a rocker launcher .5 Presented The appliation if bV irodri':ng large! *riegral 5t'iitrlr.s itslnai of 851twiti~l.g manyv
all carbon compolitesr for helicopter rotor blades 5 reported Tiea pielabrflicrle' ir9i8lic sti l3iu . Th..i
h l iitm
nituchanical and physicsl pr(operties of PRO 49 organvc. fiber ali structural wu'items ariJ ei~ 9-f,, te~i J,)!~ .l~.t
antlyzed A I-uplastic construction ar( Ift~ortll Author
 212 18 MATERIALS. NONMETALLIC

N73-27487 Army Air Mobility Research and Development Lab. Jaerw gas turbineengine application is presented for systems.
Fort Eustis, Vs Structures Div Orit ommefcially available and projecetrd Emphasis hras been
ADVANCES IN BALLISTICALLY TOLERANT FLIGHT placed on thosa mechanical pro,>ery recluirenents and fabrics-
*CONaTROLS lioan problems which are peculiar to ga$stdream componenlt
*I E Figge Sr Ir AGARD Impact of ComIposite Maier on Altthough high strength arid high elastic modrilus composites,
Aerospace Vehicles aridPropuilsion Systems Ms. 1973 8 p ore available in organic and inorganic metrices for low ilemperalurld,
rafls IFo av~aitabilitysee N73-27474 18-I 81 application. these materials exhibit extremely poor Iimpaclt and
Comloat data indicate that helicopte, flight coflirol comp-2ine-tit erosion characterisrics which may limit use where foreign object
are exrceptionally vulneritable to catasbrcphic ftrilur5 upon ballistic damage is prevalent Several engineering solutions to the problem
rimpectThe ballistic rolerance approach which is to design the arm discussed The application of composites in rtha high
critical components to fuinction after ballistic penetration offers temperature turbine stage hiiic diffirculties such as fiber stability
a SiOlutron to redu-- iutrerability Studies have shov-ri that this aid thermal fatigue end is consideied to be very rimpractical
a pproach can virtually eliminate calest-ophic failure while The development of directionally solidified eutectics which can
achieving subst antial we-ght saving and reituced production co~ts loosely be desclibted as composittez offers mule encouragement
Lirmrted date indrcate l's., approach is also adaptable to flight as the next gene~atlon lurbinda material Author
control bearings and attac:hments Ventrew was found to reduce
the damage on the exit Side of s indrich structrires and prestotring N73-274911" National Aeronaoitics and Space Admirrrst ration
was found to prevent clelamiral~on of the exit lace in the aea LwsRsac etrCeeadOi
of impact Autho ewsRserhCetrClvlndOi 5
MATERIAL AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF METAL AND
POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES
N-.4-27480 Royal Aircial' Establ~shmtent Fainbolough rEngland) Robert A Signorelli. Tioo T Serditim. and Robert H Johns In
Structures Dept AGARO impact of C)rnpos,te Mater err Aerospace Vehicles
INSTABILITY OF LAMINATEC COMPOSITE PLATES end Propulsion Syszems May 1973 16 p tells (For availabilit-,
G Z Harris In AGARO Impact ofComiposite Meter on Aerospace see N73 27474 11318,
Vehicles and Propulsion Syscem, -May 1973 t 9 p reIs ;For Fibrer-reinforced composites and design analysis methods for
aaarlabihlry see N73-27474 18-1t8, these -'aterrals are being developed because of the vast potential
")arspne cf general len-rinated plates to applied loading o pstsfrcefaý9wii ad ficesn s
e bits a coupling between ben-ding and extensional modles of remve~aluie capability in aerospace systems These composites
00 orMatOn Such a lamniate wili for example undergo a bemidin', have potential for use in airbrealning er~gine components at
response whet, load is appired *n the plane ut the lamninrali well as aeronautical and space vehicle su -ictrires Refractory
Such Coupling may be signrifcent when shear or compressive wire superaltoy conmposites for use up to 220)0 F or more and
loads are applied rn-plane since the additional deformation moss$ metal mat~ix composites for lower lermpe-atute applications su~ch
may reduce the buckling load or affect the post-buckhnrg stillness as aerospace structures and lurbojet fan tid comprer.sor blades
Of the laminate The rlresent paper considers the Sli,lness are under investigation anid are discussed The development of
-mrrved..,tely after buckling of two types of parel y'hich undergo a number of resin systems including ,ýA poliyrmides E;d
hf rmi~
he irs
ti~illrrr, iiss f i~irr nrr~r-lx- a ir.pnlynhiirnrrstnrrnotalrnes is described and the., potential for use
of a. -fte-ply type A slutiuon is rlr -ved cr toIhe ....tiali'rucklind of at tempereatures approaching 3 t15 C !600 F) is indicated Varnris
a rectangular panel ro which is atirhed a constant end disple~e molecular modifications that improve procesSability and. or
merit The pie-buckling rosponsic is one which exhibits riioOut increase thermal and oxidative resistance Of the resins are also
*of Plan* displacement* although the -nitral bocklirng toadis affected described Structural analysis methods are discussled for
by the existence of out-of plane coupling Trio second crass of determining the stresses and deformations in complex com'posite
panel is of cross-ply type the buckling loads being derived to, systems Consideration is also given to residual stresses resulting
a long panel having a constant strain edge member and SublecteC from the curing process and to the foreign obtect damage problem
to end load Author in fan blade applications Author

N73 27489 Royal Netherlands Aircraft Factories Fokker 1473-1.74912 011ice National d Eludes at de Recherches
Schiphol-Oost Aerospatiales Paris (France)
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING ASPECTS OF COM ELABORATION OF REFRACTORY COMPuiSITE MATERIALS
POSITE MATERIALS wirH ORGANIC MATRICES FOR BY DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION IELABORATION DE
APIAINAT HIGH TEMPERATURES MATERIAUX COMPOSITES REFRACTAIRES Sltrl
JJCools In AGARD Impact of Compos-te Mater on Aerospace ICAkTI(N ORIENTEE]
Vehicles and Propulsrnr Sysiteris
avarfabililr see N73-2 7474 13 18t,
Mray 1973 t5 o rpis :For

Some desrqrr and imanulact unrig ahsterts are prestfitel- i~f

Maurice ElGammal In AGARO Impact of Comptosite Mater i
Aerospace venicies ano lPropuision Sysierrrs
elos In FRENCH
Fri. 19173 1.0
ENGLISH summary (Fur availability see
i
the mixed structure concept wt-ci Itsas devetotreir for alrfrtiaatrn N73 27474 t18 t61
in aerospace gtrucutres sobiecteci to high terniheraftines In Ih.% The p~incricres of directional solidification for DOrdocrig
concept a HM-cotmposite material with an oryanic mairrx is sameller
and fibrous ccomposite materials from eutecric alloys
laminated between rnerallrc laces to coiiilonr S.inroiarreously the are discussed Some pseudo binary eutect-cs and more comblex
favorable features Of butn tylies of niatirriais ThI NiM-oiirrl%.trtc alloys are compared for high mechanical strerryth at elevatled
M8161i8t r the mnain road car,ri..rii cuinpinneni Iie riciiltri Ia, es temperatures The ptopeties of the.'- materials are Outlinedi in
protect tho urgan-c iarit igaaist irxralaton I, A" Mt I 4)order vi determinei the use for turiEne riade'. and varies Probleiris
lerrpeiatiies piovude an eierri dill .onifrr.t-vi sirlar of Il in rvolvied1 in the applriafirn of the composrle mnateriats are
otue tosabditiiti,ir
Siutfau agjainst iepe- mncloj
IP Author
mixed structure concept ran, also lie aplitiec to anronpacr
strcict-ifes subteLted to nrmoial ,jpeialiiltairqr.lri Aui!.ci N73 27493 General Electric Co .Cincinnati Otrro
DIRIECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED EUTIECTICS IN GAS TURnJINE
N 73-27490 National Gas tfuirin fito~tirr yestw-'h DESIGN
(Egan)I. P Jahnike Hii Brands and G 0 Ox, Jr /,r AGARtO
A LIMITED REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF ALIVANC-ED Ipc fCnist nArsa~ ~e eilsadPouso
FIBROUS COMPOSITES TO AFRO GAS TURBINE EIN Systems 'Aar 1973 9 p refs Foi availability see N73 27414
GINES 19 is)
A 1/, H Mu": iri/ A -ARo Irr...rrP-1 C'? cu~ Mtcr on rrx nsi~nj
-- t-~r.rri of high si-renqth libers or
Aerospoae Vehiclet and Propulsion Systemis May 1973 16 p pltaes in ductile matrices witl, Outstanding high temperature
reft (For availabiltry see N73-27474 t 8-1t31 properties are achievable in drrectronatty solidified eutectics This
CSCL I Denocdcmost
of Ircn now~ class of materials represents a motor inovation in gee
A reiewof ibe renfocedcomosit
maeril Wvan toturineblade Technology The advantages and ltinitations Of the
 18 MATERIALS. NONMETALLIC ~13

two more prornrisng euliectics systerrs and the relationship of for the development of a damage simulation technique for a
thes" proloiniers to turbine blackedesign is discussed! Innotvaitions spiecific ciass of foreign obieact dabins 403 stainless steel end Ti
in design and further property improvements will be reqi:irred to GAI 4V blacies damaged with this technique were compiared to
suzcessfully exploit thoes materials in engine hardware It is typical field damage bilades and found to cor~alate favorably
concluded that the payoff citsiere by this technology fully justifies The technique was subsequently utililred to damage representative
a major investment of resouices to achieve a practical system Boton/Aluminum airfoil sperzimens for evaluation of fatigue
Aurthor strength degradation effects It wves canriuded that 80ron/
Aluminum vossessed a considerably lower notch sensitivity in
N73-27404 Motoren- und Turt-inen-Uniorn Muenhe G m bH high cycla Iatigue When compared to the n~otched fatigue
(West Germany) characterijtv,.a of homogeneous blade materials Author
EUTECTIC ALLOYS WITH 1-iMO'-IRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICA-
TION. STUDY ON THEIN4 USE FOR TURBINE BLADES N73-27498 Pratt and Whitney Aricreft. Fast Hartford. Conn
C17 Z0ROPO-POLYIMIOE REINFORCED TITANIUM FAN DISKS
H Huff and W Bela In AGARO impact of Comp~osite MaterHestagrerndKfJaoen IAGR Imatf
on Aerospace Vehicles. and Piopusieon Systems May 1973 Composite Mater opt Aerospace Vlehicles and Propulsion Systems
8 p refs (For availabibly see N73-27474 18-18) May 1973 1O p (Cor availability see N73-27474 18-.18)
The principle of directional soilidif.cation of eutectic alloys is The design, fabrication. and testing of bloron-polyitidle
broth'l shown and the intluerice of temperature gradient reinforced titanium frin disks having a temperature capability of
solidification rate and impurities is described Using a list of the 600 F are described The high modulus and low density of tIN*
most important demanids on turbrnii blade materials the merits materiel allow for a redesign of the fen disk -vith a reduction in
and demerits of direcironally solidified eutectics for this purpose weight of 36% compared to the conventional design Processing
are drIscussed it seems that there are good chances for utilizing techniQues involving filament winding and resin ruring were
this compnund material for gas turbines There divillbe however developed e~n 10 inch diameter hoops Two fuliscale disks were
a lot of further investigations necessary especially with respect fabricated and evaluated through spin tasting to 600 F Author
to casting technology Author

N73 27495 Roll,, Royce. Ltd Bristol (England) Engine Div N73-27499 Societe Nationals d Elude et de Construction de
POTENTIAL USE OF COMPICSITE MATERIALS FOR GAS Moteurs dAvialion. Villaroche (France) Dept Resistance dos
TURBINE STATIC STRUCTURES Materiaux
J VO Sharp and L Sstteazzato (Fiat S PA I lIn AGARO Impact STUDY OF DISK BINDING OF COMPRESSORS BY BASE
of Composite Mater on Aerospace Vehicles and Propulsion COMPOSITES OF 30RON WIRE JETUDE OU FRETIAGE
Systems Mar 1973 14 p refs (For availability see N73 27474 DES DISOUES DE COMPRIESSEUR PAR DES COMPOITES
1s 18) A BASE DIE FIL DE SORE!
"ha applications of corrposite materials on a number of Claude Stoilt In AGARD Impact of Composite Mater on
statiz gas turbine components nrd assessmnent of these Aerospace Vehicles and Propulsion Systems May 1973 8 p
h~,nvo~ hmriw th.~ they can he made lighter than
?iy In FRENCH (For availability see N73 274/4 18-18)
theii metal design eduryalert Cost savings in some cases could A tineoreticei sluuy oiade
ra if his gsiei iinir~pes cf
also be expected although some improved manufacturing binding compressor disks with boron composites (lata cover
techniques are necessary Tire materials considered are primarily puissible weight reductions and peripheral sap-zed augmentaltion
glass and carbon fiber ieinforced structures with a working Crack and endurance tesrs are also made The results are
temperature up to 250 C Experience with such composite compared with predictions Transl by E H W
strictures are reviewed including failures and successes Author

N73-27490 Societe Nationale d Etude at de Construction de 32 0 rnyMislComdRdtneAealAl l

7-7M Am isl omn esoeAsnl
Moteurs d Aviation Corbeil IF- incel
APPLICATION OF THE BASk: OMPOSITES OF CARBON FAILURE ANALYSIS OF A FIISIER RklINFORCED COM-
FIBERS AND BORON WIRIE TO COMPRESSOR BLADES POSITE MOTOR CASE USING DISTORTIONAL ENERGY
JAPPLICATION GE COMPOSITES A BASE DE FIBRES Of AND MAXIMUM STRAIN THEORIES OF FAILURE

I CAMRBOESSETRIE FISD
COMPRnn and
Ftl:-o
adRChevalier
E FLS
CARONEET E SRE
OR
In AGARD
UX
UrUSDEi
USE GERichard

Imrpaclt of Composite
J ThuniPson John W Suiffer~s, and Charles M Eldridge
AGARD Impir.: of Composite Motor on Aerospace Vehicles
and Procrulsicir System% May 1973
see N73 27414 18 18)
3 p refs (For availability
Mate on Arotosrace Vieil-:s 3r"J Prupulri~n Systemis may A inerhod of determining the failure condition of ., fiber
1973 8 p In FRE~NCH foro availability see Ni3 27474 i8 181 reinlorced composite 'stuclure is extended (or appiimalrrrfr Iti an,
A criticai summary was naiale of the fabrication o; comciressor actual dlesign and analysis problem The original e~tihod uses
blades from metallic cumpiosites The mrechsanical resistanceth itfemaenrynd axumtanteoesffile
vibration characterist-cs fatigue. and erosion properties of cartion th fiistorl iraleneryed nlstras
iu oinm tweris modfie failre
epoxy, boron epoxy, boron alu,-rilumi compos-teablades wereaplcto tofbromsie rswretndthfiue
Thswkexndtefiue
examinead Performance tests res is are g~vcn oIntbiesaplcto ofbromsie
Transl biy ICH Vi program to inc:uite helicrhl tubes Thre method of calculation of
wrap angle is altered after first stage yielding as pressure
increments are increased Provision was made to automatically
N73 27497 Air Force Aero Propulsion, Lab Wrigi~t Palter'uii update the dlisplacemrent field Alter each loading increment, the
AFS Clnodisplacriment fielrd is calculated and the newy values are added
FATIGUE TOLORANCE OF DAMAGED METAL COMPOSITE to the olt ones Author
B LAGINO
TJ Norbut In AGARO Impact of Composite Maltr or, Aerospaice
Vefici -s and Propulsion Svs-% 115 1a973 t0 p refs IFor
av91stidblly see N73 27474 18 1Br
The suaccessfui exploitation of thre fighfWeigir high sCrric-i
strength and inodulirs features of metal mat,- co-rislr sfr'5 1 .ins
in Turbine engine bladng rests heavily on the realstic 9%sssn 3nI
of the materials inherent tolerance to surstain damnaIrA Ironm
a

I *
oblisci debris typically contained in m~i~iay aSirdccimlerc-al engine
specitications %summrarized to obtain a ji-~spect~ve of ltre dxet,ris
characteristicsl a turbine engine is expected to ingest and reliably
tolerate The scope of those specificaticrns served as the bearsi

Is
 215
- --

19 MATHEMATICS Preceding page blank 21

19 MATHEMATICS
Irr!,,dp% AjicuIptIOf met t)ods and ttheo,, and mnundr,~A1
Fv lw
-nlt,,"% aw~pi.cat-ons s"e specCI .3t(...

1,1,rnatiof Aee Miso 008OP~f

No abst,acts -n thrs s..btec' category

 20 METEOROLOGY Preceding page blank 217

N74 14273 Department of Transportation Washington 0 t-

20
2CO MEEOPILOGYUNITED
LOGYRESEARCH
MrEOP
includes climatology wveather forecasting and visibility
S(ATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PROGRAM tOR HIGH AlTITUDE PDL-UTION
Alan J Gr"obactrr In AGARO Atmospheric Pollution by xsrcrah
studies For related unficrmatron see also 13 Gecphysics Engines Sep 197'3 13 p leis iFor availability see N74 1427 1
and 30 Space Sciences 0520
A review of a United States program to provide An assessment
by 1904 of the impact on man plants and animals of climatic
N72.1 1611 a Advisory Group for Aerospace Reseaorch ani change% due to pluturbations of the upper atmosphere by the
5
Development Per,* lFroncei propulsion Oifluents o' a world i.ýh altitude aircraft fleet as
A SUMMARY OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE AtE projected to 1990 is presented S>ome physical considerations
CORDED BY NATO AIRCRAFT which must be taken into account in this program are dae
Cyril G PeckhamriTechnology. Inc.- Dayton. Ohiro) Sep 1971 scrited including representations of the stratosphere in its
133 p rlei un~enutrbed state, of the effluents 01 vehicles eypected in 1990
iContrac. AGARD-OTAN -MP 437-68 of the perturbed stratosphere of 1990 of the liertlubed
,AGARD-Ft-516-71 UDC-551 561 61 Avail INTIS itcposLt-here ot tIzYC and 2020 of the effects of climatic Changes
A sixmnsry and analysis of flightlmeasured cumrulativa on the biosphere and nt social and economic( measures of these
acceleration distriburtrln# dwe to atmosphreric tuirbulence are brolog~cal elter-ts Author
Presenrted Date from 37 Jififerent aircraft was processed A
dlescription, of the recordirg9 systems and nhe?method* of date
processing is given Thet power spectral density metrhode to N74- 16274 C. lo~nia Univ Berkeley Dept of Chemistry
0erive guSt velocities is detailed Author REACTION OF OZ.ONE WITH NITROGEN OXIDES AT HIGH
ALTITUDES
N72.2t590# Adlinsoxy Group for Aerospace Research and Harold S Johnston and Gary Whitten It) AGARD Atmospheric
Deveopmet. aris(FracelPollution by Aircraft Engines Sep 1973 t13 p refs Sponiiorej
AToisiPHERIC POLLTIO BYFIRRATnEGIeSA) by DOT Ifor availaiiry see N74 i4271 OS 201
AI`M SPHRICPOLLTIO
BYAIRRAFTENGNESANDOzone formation i-i the stratosphere by the di~ssociation of
FUELS, A SURVEYoxgnb Iailtrdainblw22otdscseOoe
Rolert F Sawyer (Calif Univ. Berkeleyf Mai 1972 40 p refs oxyemoenby ulraioest
o radia er y' sdicse
heration Ooxyen
oeof42n
fAGA,. AR-401 Avail NTIS isoreovd ozonte 12tr atospherebyo the reacspetio o oxge 3f
A -urey of atmosphieric p~ollutioxn '.y aircraft engine%, atMS ac zn 2 br trnI r otetoope~rrb
aitcraft fuels. anid related resoiarch work was condutied among catalytic reactions w.,h free radicals based on water an 4i bit
sevealuroeannatonsandtheUnied
tat. Tent-stvencatalytic ieactrons with the oxides of nitrogen The MOST importart
current or potential peobtemn areas are described Of these areas. fco ,tentrlrmvlo taopeCooeap~sI
the rerye~r's1 enineemisionchaacteistcsbe
prseisy cat ilytic cycles based on the oxides of nitrogen The naturt I
t21atact7,s, piceduiex.ar nitricnxie
(1) fomatsion. characaristcs .-.. -- T!Cth has fs.n rei-i~rtatilrl hv three different investica-
monoxide and hydrocarbons at low power. and (5) effect of highlis rer abuafctrffurnetityi.heata
altitude emissions it was recommended that research be rate of intiction of nitric oxide in the stratosphere There is
encouraged in all 27 areas. although in some cases only a better about a lacoar 01 four uncertainty in the calculated rate of
definition of the nature of the problem as opposed to a solution introduction o1 niti- oxide in the stratosphere from full sc..iei
may be required A selected but extensive biblioraphy is orperationof supersonic Transports of current and vast designs
provided in the appendix Author Within these two ranges of uncertainty. 500 supersonic
transports would introduce nitric oxide in the stratosphere at a
rate comparable to the knowin natural sources Author
N74 142711m AdJvisory Group for Aerospace fifeseaich and.
Devilooment Paris (France) N74- 14275 Meteorological Office (Gt BArt
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY AIRCRAFT ENGINES NITROGEN OXIDES. NUCLEAR WEAPON TESTING. I
Sep 1973 405 p refs Mostly in ENGLISH partfly in FRENCH CONCORDE AND STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
Cont held at London 9 13 Avr 1973 P 3Oldsmitt, A F Tuc:k J S Foot E L Simmons and R L
iAGARD CP 125) Avail NTIS HC S22 25 Netusori In AGARD Atmospheric Pollution try Aircraft Engines
The proceedings of a conference on the effects of aircraft Sep 1973 15 p refs Igor availability see N74 14271 05 201
eniclines on atmospheii pollution are presentrid The impact of The. atterruatic. of r-e earth s ozone Shield and air increase
military and civ-ran aircraft operations or pollution levels are c~~net~~~ !I.uixvkhe planeta'y 5-jilerce h-r
compared with the pollution from other soorces The subtects of oi-cratl engine exhaust product., is examined It is stated that
stress5Cd are I1l ettects of pollution at very high altiudes i, i insufficient inve~tication has fbeeni made of the effects of radiation
effects ni polli.tion r-ear aiiports and (31 methods for reduction photocherristry and atnmospheric circulation on the ozone content
of pollutant production in combustion processes and in engines The tntroduc~ion of nitrogen oxides into the stratosphere through
A review of the phyriological efletrts of air pollution is included nuclear test i is compared with the amount expected ffomn dirriafi
for individual titles see N74 14272 Through N74 1430L opeiietinns Emphasis is ip:aced on the chemical kinetics of healed
air Irhe ct emical procesinri used in calculating the nitrogen oxide
N74- 14272' New air U inv N Y Dept cit Aeronautics and trioductoIn in ihy trot a-r masses, created by the nuclear shock
Astronautics -a-: ai,: -,ivi~ed Author
REDUCTION OF NO FORMATIONS BY PREMIXING

I
Antonio 'ern /n A1G,6RD Atm-ospheric Pollution by Aricralt N74 14274, East Hat1forit
PrattancjWhitney Aircraft Conn
Engtrnet Sep 1973 19 p ref For availability see N74 '4271t DETAILED EXHAUST EMISSION MEASU REMENTS OF
05 20) THREFE DIFFFRENT TURSOFAN ENGINE DESIGNS
(Grant NGR 23 016 13tr A W rNelsw,i /-. AGARD Atirosplierc Pollution by Arirraft
The erfects of exhaust gases rum- sniriersnri-c liansixrt airica1T Engin-es Selt 19 73 t13 p leis (For asirilabilily see N74 14271
in The erjinitrbnrurn of the sratos-phere are discussed A meth'od O 0
for reducing the amo unt of nitrogen uxides generated by the A series of test lirograms was conducted to better definel
engines of supersonic tiransports is itescnries The engine t-'re exhai-I emission cactrsisof Three different aircraft
requirements tor Inc WuIDOWCcil-411s ut r-ie ;1 F :raznJ Poenuie nv,jdels the JT3D a low bypass ratio turbofan engine
aircraft are defined The design of combustion chambers to the JT8D a mixed fri-in turbofan engine and the JT9D a high
provide premised flames and the thermno'ynamrc prlpearties of ,ypas% ra In trf-of air er.-Trip Special investigations were
pfiemixed flames are analyzed Charts are deveirtert to show -iiiiiletiitl uoTri JTP arid J T9D erigr-ies to investigate inlet
The isotheirms of the ig~nited mixtures for various conditionS and fomrpera~wrx and humnidfity effects Analysis of These data wat
Theo niass fraction of nitrogen oxide along selectedi strearil-nies % rlilplemerite't asth pipi-orsly obtarriert data -n 7-jio, to incroase
Author imarnile of varratiles rruivswtw~f!, -tt i the minxert flow JT8D
 21 20 METEOROLOGY

60 that true undiluted emission nMeasuremernts could be obtained N74 14271 05 20)
Three different methods were used to evaluate the *Wrr5tor, An analyticrsl technique tor the -ant nuoi s, dejection of

r~rcdced ighlyrefied
C T~r7and
cotourplotsof
OX rehsus gasw A shemathed f ultr vholetrviolt
rnancec

levels obtained by each of the three measurement methods are continuum absorption techniques in 'he ultraviolet and inrarried
compared Author regions by a factor of ton ro thirty Author

N74-*4277 Bonn Univ tWest Germany) Init fuel Phyiirkaltilche 11114 14281 etistoi Univ lEngland) Dept of Aeronautical
Coemie Engineering
PflOTO-OXIOATION OF AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSIONS PROBLEMS OF rHEMICAL POLLUTION BY AIRCRAFT. THE
AT LOW AND HIGH ALTITUDES AIRPORT AND ITS IMMEDIATE ENVIRONMENT
K H Backer and U Sichurath I, AGARD Atmosphaeic Po !ution T V Lawson ,r AGARO Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft
by Aircraft Engines Sari 1973 9 p rats IFor availabrlity see Engines Sep 1973 3 1., iFor availebilty see N74 14271 06 201
N74 '142711 05 21)1 The chemircal pollution of the airport and its environment is
The mechanism of Photochemical smog formation is an discussed It calls lot a careful Study of all surveys so that the
amrned The applicabiliy of photochemical smog formation to nrbuilt implications nf the model are obvious and it concludes
aircraeft emissions is diescribed ft is concluded that photo oxidation that the prublems of chemical pollution try the aircraft themselves
Mechanisms of pollutants from aircraft 'nds other sources in the are smalt It suggests tha, much Trore progress will be made in
troposphere undergo fundamental changes w-th altitude radical atremp~s to relduce pollut-on around irrpools by cconcentrating
and atom reactions and probably freactions of metastable oxygen upon organizations othei thvn the erig-re manufacturers It closes
molecules becoming more important in the colder regions of by suggesting that authors of technical papers be encouraged
the troposphe-e Serious contaminat-on of the troposphere by to supply an epilogue in whicn they sumnmarize the findings of
*aircraft is nouf exprected beCause the residence Itime of pollutants their work for the benefit of the lay Public Author
*is short compared with emissions rates Author
N74-14282 VWarren Spring Lah Stevenage 'Englanid) Air
Pollution Div
N74 14278 Oslo Univ iNorway) Inst of Geophysics RELATIVE AIR POLL iTION EMISSIONS FROM ANt
EFFECT OF SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT UPON THE OZONE AIRPORT IN THE UK AND NEIGHBOURING URBAN
LAYER. STUDIED IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTOCHEMi. AREAS
CA'_ MIi E WITH TRANSPORT A W C Keddie J Parker and G H Roberts If, AGARD
F-g-, Weiistrvoijr In AGARD Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft Engrnes Sep 1973 9 p
fiNt~nes Sep 1973 8 p refs (For availabifly see N74 1.42 11 rxitc sea~ttN74 14271 01, 20)
05 20r1 Air poltution levels at Starisred Airport in relatien to emissions
A steady stale two d~mnsional model of the stratospheric from four nearb~y triwns are discussed Calculations have been
ozone layer is presented Photochemical reactions involving macix of pollijron emissions from these four sources and also
oxygen. hydrogen and rtrogen are considered along with the from the airport and the expected contributions from there sources
effect of a parameterized two dimensional transport, by mean at three local sites have been examined These values are
motron arid by eddies A parameterized mridina distribution compiared with actual measurements at the three silas Author
of NOx is applied, computed from one dimensional models The
model ra in fair agreement with observed alone dala The reduction N74-14283 Chemical Defeance Experimental EstaibiiShment.
of ozone from emission of NOx from supersonic airaf is studied. Ponion lEnglandl
assuming a fleet of 200 aircraft flying at given altitudes and GROUND CONTAMINATION BY FUEL JETTISONED FROM
uniformly distributed over the globe The effect is found to depend AIRCRAFT
critically upor. the flight level For mid laliluJe. summer the ozone N L Cross and Rl G Picknetl IN AGARD Atmospheric F'rllutron
Column density is reduced by 0-j% for a flight level of 18 km by Aircraft Cngines Sap 1973 9 pr rats iFor availability see
For flight levels 23 km and 28 km the reduction is t 6% and N74 14271 05 201
2 3%. respectively Accordingly, the icrease in UV radiation A Study of the probtrem of ground pollution nroduced by
amounts to appru.riAawr C' 8% 3 2%. 40%ýfor the s"me
, 4s' fuel letlsoned ftom aircraft under emergency fitrons was
flight levels Author condticted Ine .itriter size dij,liiLulr,on &If ,oi :ccc Yyhn
fuel is jettisoned is examined Trio propiortiorns of - ironed fuel
which Survive evaporation to reach :he ground are determined
N74* 14279 Inslitut d Aerionomie Spatiale de Belgiqtue. Srus It is stalled that th" contamination density Onr the g'ound depends
Selz on atmospheric stability, wind speed. and direction or flight relative
CHEMICAL KINETIC IN THE STRATOSPHERE to wind direction Data u-blained from flight testsi of jettisoned

G tasseur In AGARD Atmospheric Pollution bit Aircraft Engines fuel are presen*ted in tables and graphs Author
Sep 1973 13 p rfat IFo! avail ability see N/4 14271 05 20)
the piciduction of ozone in the stratosphere by Photodrssocia Ili-14284 Air Ciorporations Joiwt Medical Service IBF.A.SOACI
reactions are analyzed to identify the components involved and POLLUTION LEVELS AT LONDON (HEATHROW) AIRPORT
the reaction kinetics for various regions 0f the atmosphere it is AND METHODS FOR REC.UCING THEM
concluded that hydrogen compounds olay a sign-ircant role in 0 M Bruton In AGARD

1
Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft
the formation of nitric acid and atmospheric chemical reactions Engines Sep 1973 6 p ref (For availability see N74 14271
must accouni for the forination and destruction of hydroxyl and 05 20)
hydifoparoxyl -adicals Authof Exihaust pollutifon levels at Heathrow Airport. Londor, England
were conducted Medical surveys of the interior of buildings were

N74-14280 Deutsche Foiscfrungs und Veisuchsanstalr lust conductedo to determine pollution levels It was determined that
Luft rind Iaumflal I ~tuttjar, liidct Grmnyi Inst fuer pollution levels are below those of many urbain areas and doA
rct Ijstoprorr~ant mither a short or long range hazard to
Re NEW NAeLYTIA
A TEHIU FO CNIUUS O health. Local pollution problems constitute a source of annoyance
DEECTO
A INALTHCA
RACNIQE FROM 0 O
ONTIT PU NO0 to ground bersonniel employed at the airport Methods for
DETETIO INTHERAI~e
ROM0 1TO 000PPMreducing the exhatist fume emission by vehicle selection. encine
riinihq and maintenance practices are recommended Author
 20 METEOROLOGY 219

N74-1426b Noval Postgraduate School Monterey Calf Dept (;lass (c) is the main reaction channel A comparison of flames
of Aeronautics which ha.e the same temperaturc at the same mixture strength.
P(.LLUTION CONTROL OF AIRPORT ENGINE TEST but differ in .he chemical structure of the fuel. shows higher
FACILITIES NO concentratins for acetylene flames and somewhat smaller
0 L Body P W Tower. and A E Fuhs In AGARD Atmospheric NO .ýcr"cnttre'.ons for methane flames relatve to the concentra
Pollution by Aircraft Engines Sep 197;3 32 p efls (For availability tions in propane flames Author
see N74-14271 C5 20)
Engine test facilities are requ:red to meet the same environ- N74-'14288 Direction Technique Avions Paris rFrancel
mental standards as any other industrial facility To meet the Aerospatrale
stanoerdr tor smoke noise, gaseous pollutants etc control MEASURE OF MINOR CONSTITUENTS IN THE STRATO-
equipment must be installed Due to large mass flow ratearthe SPHERE BY CONCORDE 001 IMESURES DES CONSTI-
control equipment is expensive careful attention to design is TUANTS MINEURS DANS LA STRATOSPHERE PAR
necessary to control costs Pollution cor.irol forces new constraints CONCORDE OOll
on exhaust stack temperature flow unaormity and pressure P Joatton In AGARD Atmospheric Pollution by Aircrah Engmies
Conversely iiist.llation of pollution az•.te,'nent enr)aratus may Sep 1973 7 p reas In FRENCH IFor availability see N74 14271
cause advx;ne operaing conditions such as distorted flow into 05-20)
the engine and wrong augmentation ratio The internal as:o- The effect ol aerospace vehicles on stratospheric pollution
aynamics cI engine test iel~s must be mastered to a level not as measuied by equipment onboafd the Concorde 001 are
possible previously Scale models of test cells were rabricated discussed Date cover carbon monoxide. several nitrogen oxides.
in modules so that some 7o0 different combinations could be and hydrocarbon emissions Snecral attention was given to possible
tested DistOrtion at the engine face was measured and correlatad reductions of strAtospheric ozone and the effect of such
in terms of component factors Augmentation ratio ard cell reductions or, the environmenr t Transi by E H W
depression were measured An analytical nmoctol correctly predicted
the measured qu3ntities except for distance from engine nozzle
to augmenter inlet With the data 3ccumulated it should be N74-14289 National Gas Turbine Estabhishrrent. Pyestock
(Englandl
posshble to match pollutor, control requirements to test cell
parameters Author SOOT FORMATION IN RICH KEROSINE FLAMES AT HIGH
PRESSURE
F H Holderness and J J Macfarlane ir 0,GARD Atmospheric
1474.14286 Motoren. and Turboneri-Unon Muenchen Gmmb PollutiOn by Aricrats Engines Sep 1973 9 p rels IFor availability
Pli by Aicr1 0 s;-s a b
tWest Germanyl Engine Oevelopr ant and Testing Dept
EXHAST
MASURMENT
EISSIN ONTHE E Tset N74 14271 05-201
EXHAUST EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ON THE GE T64-7 Soot aopearing in gas turbine exhaust prcducts originates
TURSOPROP-ENGINE within the primary flame Model combustor experiments are
W Bergt G Kappler and G Meiklis /•n AGARD Atmospheric summarized ,n which soot formation was rneasurric in a reacting
* Fvu;utic. -r A;.rc::! Eng'es Sop 1q73 4 to rels lFor availability kerosine, ai, flame of uniform composition Oprating conditions
see N74.14271 0O 20i are 6 to 2 1 bar and equivalence ratio 08 to 1 td Criemicar t
Exhaust emniss.or, measurements have been carried Out on equilibrium was not attained for equivalence ratios much above
the engine GE T64 7 wilh the objective to determine qualitatively unity The available oxygen reacted initraiiv vith a portion of
the mass emission of the pollutants caibonmonoxide unburnt the fuel, the remainder appearng as pyrolysis product The total
hydrocaiboni and oxides of nitrogen at different power ratings amounl 0l this material including soot was roughly dependent
Although for arcirafi engine application the opeasting mo.l;ts were on equivalence ratio. independent of other variables Ihe traction
lust recently issued in the EPA proposed standards for control fully degraded to soot increased sharply on raising pressure from
ofatr Dolltviton. the engine was run through a 13-point California 6 to 1 I bar There was a well defined threshold of soot formation
Test Cycle as applicable to Diesel engines for vehicles up to at equivalence ratio I 3 to 1 4 ,n premixed flames Soot was
6000 lb gross weight The numerical evaluation nf the measured observed at weaker conditions than this in spray flames and
exhaust emissions was carried out using the method of analysis the formation -Ale rose 1O approximately 10 percent of the input
eslasblisned fOr the above mentioned test cycl- The measurements carbon at equivalence ratio 1 8 Author
were taken for three different types of fuel JP4. Diesel at 20 C
and Diesel at 50 C The exhaust gas sampling using heated
sampling lines and the analytical system set up for the meajure N74-14290 Massachusetts Inst of Tech Cambridge Dept
mente were in agreement with SAE Specihicautons The instruments of Mechanical Engineering
used in the analytical system are snown Author SOOT OXIDATION KIFiE TICS AT COMBUSTION TEMPERA-
TURES
N74-14287 Deutsche Forschungs und Versurhsensfalt fuer John P Appleton In AGARD Atmospheric Pollutwr by Airrtrah
Luff- und Raumlahrn. Stuttgart IWet Germany) Inst fuer Engines Sep 1973 11 p refs tFor availability see N74-14271
Reaktionskinetik 05 20;
NO FORMATION IN FUEL RICH FLAMES A eTUDY OF iGrant NSF GK 33933)
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HYVROCARBON STRUCTURE Comparisons zoetween soot oxidation -ale measurements
obtained in laboratory flames and in a recent shock-tube
K H EberruS and Th Just In AGARD Atmospheric Pollu;,on investigahrin are made with previously reported measurements
by Aircraftl Engines Sep 1973 8 p refs (For availability see of the surfics oxidation rate of bulk samples of pyrolytic graphite
N74.14271 05-201, On thie basis of these comparisons it is concluded 1hat the
Th'm formation of nitric oxide in Urrnixed propane eth,.'ene surface oxidation rate mechanisms for soot and pyrolytic graphite
and acetylene flames at I aim has been measured Large are the same and that the rates are predicted by a semiemprnycal
overconcentrations (if NO were found in very fuel rich flames expression originally proposed for graphite oxidation which
The NO formation in flames could be reasonably separated into expresses the specific surface oxidation rate in terms of the
three classes ( I) Zeldovich mechanism with equilibrium 0 surface temperature and the gas phase partial pressure of oxygen
atum concentration. 121 Zeldovich mechanism with the remaining This expression provides a method of estimating soot oxidation
excess 0 atom concentration. and 13) other reactions involving istes which is suitable for use in engineering design and
radicals as CH C. C2 The Jistmctizn 0l these classes can be performance sluJias of most practical combustion systems such
mode oy ,[udy ithe
Inpe-derice rof hi N-) as gas turbine comb,'stors Author
;ormeaton. by analysing the curvature of the NO profiles oD
relating tIe rale of NO formation to 0 atom concentrations and
by measuring IICN in some flames The analysis -)I the temperature N74-14291* Massachusetts Inst of Tech Cambridge Dept
dependence ol tlhe NO formation in propane fliries gave evidence of Mechanical Enwinee:ing
that in these flamet with stoiciiiometric ratios 1--ween 1 2 and PARAMETERS CONTROLLING NITRIC OXIDE EMISSIONS
1 4 and tampeatures betwees 1850 K and 2400 K reaction FROM GAS TURBINE COMBUSTOnS
 220 20 METEOROLOGY

John B Heywood and Thomas Mikus in AGARD Atmospheric Efforts underway to predict and control the quantity ot utjJ
Poll nion by Aircraft Engines Ser 1973 16 p refs iFor availability and NO polluting products produced by turbojet nozzle outlets
see N74.14271 05.20) are reviewed % numerical method, taking into account turbulent
(Grant NGR.22-009-3781 mixing phenomena and nonequilibrium chemical reactions, was
Nitric oxide forms in the primary zone of gas turbine developed Several reaction models were compared and show
combustors where the burnt gas composition is close to that CO immediately transforms into C02 upon exhaust However.
stoichiometric and gas temperatlres are highest It was found a much longer time is needed for NO to disappeai Author
that combu~tor a. inlet conditions mean primstary zone fuel-dir
ratio. residence time. end the uniformity of the primary zone are N74-14296 Pratt and V/hitney Aircraft WPst Palm Beach. Fla
the most important variables affecting nitric oxide emissions DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF AN ANALYTICAL
Relatively simple moriels of the flow in a gas turbine combustor MODEL FOR PREDICTING EMISSIONJS FROM GAS
coupled with a rate eq%.ation for nitric oxide formation via the TURIINE ENGINE COMBUSTORS DURING LOW-POWER
Zeldovich mechanism are shown to correlate the variatior in OPERATION
measured NOx emissions Data from a number of difforent Stanley A Mosier Richard Roberts. and Robert E Henderson
Combuator concepts are faralyzrW and shown to be in reasonable IAFAPLi In AGARD Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft Engines
agreement with predictiont The NOx formation model is used Sep 1973 12 D refs (For availability see N74 14271 05-20)
to assess the extent to which an advance( combustor concept. A theoretical combustor model was formulated for predicting
the NASA swirl can has producil s lear, well-mixed primary concentrations and distributions of unburned hydrocarbons and
zone generally believed to be the best low NUx emissions burner carbon monoxide from gas turbine engine comtusors Essential
type Author components of this model include an internal flowt,eld model a
treatment of the physical combustion process and a treatment
N74-14292 California Univ Berkeley Dept of Mechanical of hydrocarbon oxidation kiinetics Model components were
Engineering rcOrfported into a corrdwuter program with a single model
FACTORS CONTROLLING POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FHOM structure lor s:irphicit' An experimental program was also
conducted to evaluate cOmbi-stor oes.gn techriques for lower;ng

I
GAS TURBINE ENGINES
R F Sawyer. N P Cernarisky. and A K Orpenheim hi AGARD emission leveis and to provide experimental da'a against which
Atmospheric Pollution tv Aircraft Engines Sep 1973 12 z; the theoretical r.codel could be testud Bu~ner exit-plane
Srefs (For availability see N74 14271 05 20) meas..irements of unburned hydrocarbons carbon monoxide.
(Grants AF-AFOSR-2299.72 AF-AFOSR-2200-72) nitrogen oxides. lempe~alure. and -ýressure were made Predictions
- imary pollutants emitted by aircraft gas tu-b.ne engines Of exhaust species concentrations and distributions were made
theoretical combustor model ,n
support of the
aldehydes smoke, ofparticul using the
ates,
are and nitric
carbon oxide hydrocarbons
monoxide, Factors controlling emissions these experimental program Results ate discussed with respect :j
pollutants are analyzed on the basis of aircraft engine exhaust internal aerodynamic and chemical kinetic arguments withi• (he
composition and laboratory studies of ges turbine combustion framework of the theoretical formulation 'Author
processes Moreover. an analytical prediction o, the effect of
aircraft operating parameters on tme errsrru,, it oxi.dc .4,
also given The formation and destruction of these poilulants N74-14296 Pohlecn'co ail-w ita;y; ;i ý Macch~rc
were investigated in a laboratory gas turbine combustor The AN EXPERIMENETAL RESEARCH ON TH?. OEHAVIOR OF
oxidation of carbon monoxid(. hydrocarbons and aldehydes was A CONTINUOUS FLOW COMBUSTION, CHAMBER
measured in the dilution zone where thermal quench phenomena C Casci A Coghe U Ghezzi. a-'• S Pasini /' AGARO
were observed The apparent oxidation of particulates in the Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft .ngines Sep 1973 ft p
dilution zone was also observed The lormation c.. nitric oxide refs (For availability see N74 t-Ai7I 05-20)
was cbserved in this primary zone and in the first part of the In roelation to the combrciion phenomena area. a contnr.,ous
dilution section of the combustor Operational conditions and flow test bench was de,.,oped to study gas turbine cormbuslion
engine parameters were studied analytically. yieldiný- rational The feeding system i,.ovided a wide range of air-fuel :tio at,!
criteria or the prediction of their effect on the emmission of working pressure 'or investigating different test condriens Th.
nitric Oxide Author combustion c& -. ber was arranged to sample the gas c9rrc€ost.--
in different Positions. and to measure other magnittis niuch as
pressure and air arid fuel mass flow rate The speztin ,riai; zed
N74
14293 Norwegian Inst for Air Research. Kleller were carbon monoxide, unburned hydiocarbon aid r 'rogen
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF THE r-,ides The primary concorn was the evolution of '-ve strove
CONNECTION BETWEEN EMISSION AND AMBIENT AIR species along the can-type liner and the determination ot optimum
CONCENTRATfOHt workno conditions The typical design features of twe cwrnbuston
Knut Erik Groenskli In AGARD Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft chamber descrbed allow a , urpaprsOn of the r,3suits outeired
Engines Sei 1973 tO p refs Foi avalability see N74 14271 to real systems but the k-ent,c and fluid dynamic pttenormena
0A20
s tconcerned with the combustion prucess c-rake the extrapolation
A syaterniatic approach to study the elect of a corlex of the results dillicult or conditions very far from the experimental
source distribution on the ambient air quality is drscribed ones in this re:.earch Author
Measurements of emission meteorological parameters and
ambient air concentrations are used to develop a quantitative
model describing the important physical and chemical processes N74 14297 Air Force Dept Wiiashington D C
"The model is mathematically formulated in a modified fcrm of SESSION 4: DESIGN OPENINI, REMARKS
the continuity rquation for the o"i-"on component To improve Wt Moe In AGARO Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft Engines
the model. regiession analysis can be used An example of this Sep 1973 2 p iFor availability See N74 14271 05-201
approach is given n the study of art pollutlon in Oslo where it Comments are made concerning the design of combustors
has been shown that a systematic vertical mnotion is the most Emphasis is placed on the necessity cf reducing jet engine pollution
important proccss to clean the air in Oslo during iiiversion without detractri q from let performance Military involvement in
situations Some comments are made on the model appropch 2rrah chemical pollution cnntroI is also discussed KM M
to the air pollution problenr around an airfield Author r

N74-14294 Office National d Eludes et de Rechetches N74-14298 0'fice r-ional d Etudes et de Recherches
Aerosoaleles Paris iFiances Aerospetiales Part,; JFrance)
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE RESIDUAL LVOLUTION nF MODELIZATrON (SF TURBOMACHINE COMBUSTORS FOR
POLLUTING PRODUCTS IN TURBOJET EXHAUSTS POLLUTION STU,1DIES
Roi.ind Borgh. In AGARD Atmospheric Pollution by Air i.tt Marcel Bairere Irf AGARD Atmo.pheric Pollution by Airuiaft
Engine Sep 1973 1t p rets In FRENCH ENGLISH sumr,.,:v Ergines Sep 1973 21 1i refs In FRENCH, ENGLISH summry
lFor availability see N74 ,4271 05 201 iFor availabilily see N74 14271 05 10i

Li
20 METEOROLOGY 221

A survey was made r, models currently ptoposed to calculate N74-14302' . National Aeronautics and Space Administration
the evolution of polluting species in a turbomachine combustro Lewis Research Center Cleveland Chic
Efforts were marde to improve the models in order to 1l) .tadict DESIGN ANn EVALUATION OF COMBUSTORS FOR
the pollut:ng species genera,,on rate by the combustor (or venoka REDUCING AIRCRAFT ENGINE POLLUTION
funclit-.ning conditions. t21 determine main parameters acting on Robert E Jones end Jack Grobrinn ir AGARD Atmospheric
this polluting rate. and 13) design new optimized combustors Pollution by Aircraft Engine Sep 1973 8 p ref•, For availability
generating a minimum of pollutants while retaening the same see N74- 14271 05-201
pedormance Author Various techniques and test results ase briefly describeo and
referenced for detail The effort arises from the increasing concern
N74-14299 Califorma Univ. Berkeley Dept of Me:hanical for the measurement and control of emissions frton gas turbine
Engrneenng engines The greater part of this research is focused on reducing
SMOKE SUPPRESSANT 4DDITIVE EFFECTS ON PARTIC- tIre oxides of nitrogen foamed during takeoff and cruise in both
UIATE EMISSIONS FROM (GAS TURIIINE COMBUSTORS advanced CTOL. high pressure ratio engines, and advanced
suer.jontc aircraft engines The experimental approaches taken
P J Pagn,. L Hughes. and T Novakov In AGARD Atmospheric to reduce oxides of nitrogen emissiuns inc.ude the use of
Pollution by Aircraft :ngines Sep 1973 11 p refs (For availability rr.-!tizone combustors inco~poratmg reduced dwell time fuel-air
cee N74-14271 05 201 piai 'i,xng air atomization, fuel prevaporizatron. water inlection.
(Grants NSF GK-27895. EPA-AP-385) and g.'qeous lue!s In the ecperiments conducted to date bornte
The effects of manganese based additives on the mass, size of these techniques were more successful than others r:r reducing
distribution. and chemical composition A..iparticulate emissions oxides of nitrogen emissions Tests are being conducted on
from gas turbine combustors are described Experiments show ti,--annular combustors at pressures up to 6 atmospheres and
that the additive. 2 methyl cyclo pentadrenyl manganese on combustor segments ai pressures up to 30 atmospheres
tricarbonyl can increase mass emissions if used excessively The Author
additive shift; the emtlted particle size distribution toward many
more mucb smaller particles, thereby reducing visibility -rimarily N74-14303 Societe Europeene d Etudes ei d Essais d Environne-
by reoucing the size of the emmited particles X-ray photoelectror ment. Buc IFiance)
spectioscopy studies have determined that the chemical state MOTORIST POINT O VIEW ON THE EFFECTS OF LOW
of the emitted manganese is manganese monoxide It is BURNING RATES ON POLLUTION IPOINT DE VUE DU
recommended that combustor redesign and collection techniques MOTORISTE SUR LA CONCEPTION DES FOYERS A FAISLE
be employed whenever possible to suppress particulate emissions TAUX DE POLLUTION]
from aircraft and test facilities Auithor Alain Gudllvere. Raymond Briancon and Jean Orecoufliet It,
AGARD Atmospf ric Pollution by Aircrah Engines Sep 1973
19 p refs In FRE-ICH IFor availability see N74-14271 05 20)
N74-14300 General Electrir. Co. Cincinnati. Ohio Advanced Possible ways of reducing CO. NO. and hydrocarbons emitted
Combustion and Emissions Cont;ol Technology by turbolets are discussed by their de.igners It was suggested
TECHNOLOGY FOR THE REDUCTION OF AIRCI-AI-T t,.at high ,crfo,:.-rmcc :.r.n-jjt cc-buSt.t-n f.mhomrs rdiniwed
TURBINE ENGINE EXHAUST EMISSIONS air speeds. and modification of existing resnS may reduce
Donald W Bahr in AGARD Atmospheric Pollution by Aircraft emissions particularly NO emissions The use of injector systems
Engines Sep 1973 13 p ,efs (For availability see N74-14271 to reduce pollution was also eAamined Transl by E H W
05-20)
Tests of both production and a0vanced engines were N74.14304 Air Force Ae-o Propi ,on Lab Wright Patteison
conducted to determine the emission characteristics of aircraft AF6. Ohio
turbine engines The results of these engine evaluations are AF8. Ohio
presented Also presented ari the results of exploratory AIRCRAFT GAS TUqBINE POLLUTANT LIMITATIONS
invystigations to define and develop design approaches for ORIENTED TOWARD MINIMUM EFFECT ON ENGINE
reducing the carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and PERFORMANCE
nit~ogen oxides emission Ilvels of high performance annular Robert E Henderson and William S Blazowsk, in AGARD
comhustors with already developed low smoke emission Atmospheric Pollution by Aircrafh Engines Sep 1973 13 p
alreadyrefs iFor availability see N74- 14271 05-20i
uharacternstcs In these latter investigations. the emissions level
reductions obtainable through the use of advanced primary .'e proposed Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
combustion zone stouchiometr control methods and advanced regulaiouns for aircraft ingine emission% are examined in terms
combustionuone stoichniunetwry contrlumednathod rsls
andadvced of their impact on the application to military aircraft gas turbine
ti-er n!ietisn terchnioues ware evaluated in addition resuits ame
presented on the use of water injection techniques to suppress eng-r-,s A oa;SSses rte oi. :rc.: cn.-.c c.;:crr
Cnait,tatve

the formation of nitrogen oxides in combustors It ,s cnocluded levels design trends and potential emission control techniqueS
that future engines can be developed with Si-nf,'-iaritly lower is presented It 5. cincluded that special considerations Must be
levels of these gaseous emissions than thos', of current afforded to military aircraft relative to direct applica*:on of EPA
engines Author regulations however, mar-y future emission -reducing advances
will be apDlicable to military gas tjrbines U S Air Force goals
were estanlisthed to insure thut new en-jines take advantage of
this techr, nlogly and are in accordance to the greatest degree

possible with what EPA requires of commercial aircraft These

N74-14301 Cranfritld Inst ot Technology i.nglandi School of goals are in terms cf minimum idle combustion inefficiency
Mechanical Engineering maximu-n allowable oxides of notrclen lb 1000 lb fuel) and
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL maximum allowable smoke rfumbcr The rationale behind using
STAGING ON NITRIC OXIDE FMISSIONS FROM GAS these parameters and the means by which the n.rmerical
TURBINE COMBUSTORS limitations were derived are described Author
A H Lefebvre and R S Fltcher I, AGARD ,trnospheric
Po:lutron by Aircraft Enginp'. Sep 1973 7 p refs iFv" availability N74-14305 Pisa Uni ltalyl let di Macchina
see N74-14271 05-20' PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF EXHAUST SMOKE
The result- are presented from a preliminary investigation TRAIlS BY JET ENGINES
carried out on a tubular aircraft combus!or chamber which was M Lucchesrnr and 0 Din, Pi AGARD Atmospheric Pollution
oerfectlv stardard apart from an additional fuel injector located by Aircraft Engrnes Sep 1973 12 p refs (For availability see
lust dowr.trpam of the primary zone Measurements of nitric N74 14271 05-O20
oxieie cxhaust emissiont, were carrind out over a range of fuel The putlrose of this study is twofold It) develcoing a
,. io'h primary and secondary zones and the results compared photographic photometry method to measure density and visibility
"-,th Predictions based on a previously derived maothematical of exhaust smoke trails and (21 obtaining an objective index for
mro-.el Autho' the smoke emission u,-i degree Ly turtioleis Tests show the
222 20 METEOROLOGY

P W JT809 as being one al the most cortarmnneting let engines

in irline service. giving I values of about 74 percent Transmission
"Tvtalues were measured in many cases a: different dtstences
from the nr tile and for several angles between optica! and ttail
axes This is done to show dependence of T from the aerodynamic
airplanaiengine configuration and from the optical path L
t-rough th-m trail Author

N74-14306 Aer )ypaceMedical Research Labs Wright-Patterson

A FB. Ohio Toxicology Branch
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGICAL IMPACT OF AIR
CRAFT OPERATIONS
Kenneth C Back !n AGARO Atmospheric Pollutation by Aircraft
tngrnes Sep 197? 6 p tets (For availability see N74 14271
05-201
Sources of pollution from aircraft operatmon include such
chemical substances and decomposition prnducts as jvlation
gasolhnes let fuels advanced fuels oils lub'rcants hydraulic fluids
coolants deicers and various additives used in these forn'ulations
These may enter the environment as the result of normal mission
accomplishment and attendant ground cperatrons inadvertent
malfunctions and spillage and necessary periodic disposal
processes Physiological effects of the more imporlant compounds
which are current problems with aircraft pollutants problems
associated with ,btaining such biological data mechanisms
necessary to comply with current pollution control directives.
and Standardb which aie now -i.ctional ate also discussed
Author

N74 15349a ACvisor, G'oiip for Aer(coa e lesearric aidJ

Dii~velopnrei Parts IFr~nce,
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON AGARD TECHNI
CAL MEETING ON ATri(•,PHNERIC POLLUTION UV 0
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Paul A Libv y (all Univ La tJell- Nov 19 73 6 p P-eserted
4
at the P,,rc of the Propul's.Or
- ."il Eitrlet ."s P3nel 1s( Meet:nq
Regents Pork Enql 9 t13Ap, 1972
!AGARD AR C3 AGARD CP 125i Avaii NTIS HC S3 00
The .nv'.orremiital problems associated with ai:craft upera
lio's are discussed Emphasis .s placed on the qentra. puolem
of air pollution in the neighborhood of arr,.ls de 'o airciaft
engine exhauist p,oducts The anticipated t)e:neits ion'- basic
combustion .esearch for (educing the Oltr-itants -i aircldt: engine
exhaust ate examined The necessit1 to date mine the amou.nt
of pollution calsed by aircraft engines as comtrareii %-,:V,"veihi Oar
iraffic and adverse meteorololical codtltions as a ha,. s " os
effective propulsion system modlifications, i stressed As'ic
21 NAVIGATION 223

test instrument was built wi!ich had the capability of presenting

21 NAVIGATION to a test subject any of these background anri pointer colors in
combination The lighting of the test instrument was conlrolled
Includes guidance. autopilots, star and planet tracking at either of two illumination levels for each background color and
inertlial platforms, and air traffic control For reloted was available. with this control, as a red lighting systerr. or as a
information ue also 07 Communications blue-white lighting system These results prov~de the instrument
manufacturers with twenty po;nter a.id backoround combinations
which can be expected to produce less than a oine percent

N72-22621# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and ;nrtrument scale reading error. regardl-Iss of the lighting system
Development. Paris (France) used and at illumination levels as lOw as 01 foot Lamberts
Author
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL DIS"n1iYS
Feb 1972 237 p refs Presented at 13th Meeting of Guidance
and Control Panel of AGARD. Paris. 19-21 Oct 1971
IAGARD-CP-9S) Avail NTIS
N72-226250 Litton Systems. Inc. Van Nuys. Calif Data
Conference papers a'e presented on guidance aid control
Systems Div
display design for aerospace vehicles The particular areas of
investigason are visual criteria, workload criteria validation of THE INTEGRATED COCKPIT PROCEDURE FOR IDENTIFY-
ING CONTROL AND DISPLAY REQUIREMENTS OF
design criteria. VTOL aircraft displays- displays for specific
applications, new technology. and testing and evaluaticn of AIRCRAFT IN ADVANCED TIME PERIODS
diplays For individual titles, see N72-22622 through John V Murphy and Bernard S Gurman IECOM. Fort Mr,;irnouth
N72d22644 N J I In AGARD Guidance and Control Dih.lays Feb 1972
7 p refs (See N72-22621 13 21)
Avail NTIS
An adaptation of the integrated cockpit research pfr,CedLre
N72-.2622d Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab Wright-Patterson
was use " to def te control and display requirements lot the next
AF-. Colo Flight Deck Development Branch
generat. utilit transport helicopter under consideration by the
THE STATUS OF HUMAN PERCEPTUAL CHARACTERISTIC
U S Ar'., A control and display requirements analysis was
DATA FOR ELECTRONIC FLIGHT DISPLAY DESIGN conducted base" upon the derivation of specific functions
Feb u972
10 p refA(See N72a22621 13-2C1) necessary for acccnplishing four specified missions Control/
Avebl N972 l etdisplay mechanization was derived from specific mission functions
Avail NTIS AIrebsdla nlsswa efre hzgcmue
The human factors literature was searched and analyzed for A time-based load analysis was performed utilizing computer
processing tectr.ques to make task adjustments in resl time and
human perceptual i.haracterrstic data relating to the design of
provide a pdltout of how the tasks in etch mission segment
individual electronic flight displays Some of the more interesting The
be adjusted to meet the mission requudmen
dataould
dijrliny reolut -. Ir nmerwe andhrincrrrudeir- l wsuirhlrtyctrale technique also provided an ana y-is of contingency situations and
mocku wsafica lconkiti shell in which the altrnativ
legibility. information coding. display size. and the effect u!
environmental variables on these Quantities Wherever possihle mock up was a fullscale cockfpit shell cn whbch the alternthve
the datr are analyzed and presented so as to point out mission control. display conflgurpt~ons could be ilustrated The
mock up contained realistic flhgl't controls and audiovisual
significant variables and data tren•s not specifically discussed in
Author protector units that simulated verLcal and horizotal situation
the original works Author
display formats

N72-22623# Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fuer

Luft- und Reumfahrt. Brunswicr, (West Germany) !irt tuer
Flugfuehrung N72 22626F Honey.vell. Minneapols Minn Systems and
A LIMITED STUDY OF THE TRADE OFF BETWEEN Reseai .ý 0rv
LUMINANCE AND COLOR CODING IN ELECTRONIC DESIGN IAPLI..ýAT•CNS OF A BETTER VIEW OF THL
AIRCRAFT DISPLAYS MULTICHANNEL C 'PACITY Of A PILOT
Rail Bayer In AGARD Guidance and Control Displays Feb 0 H Lindquist In AGARD Guidance and Contru: D.-plays
1972 9 p refs (See N72-22621 13211 Feb 1372 6 p els IS-e N72 22621 1321)
Avail NTIS Avail NTIS
T - ri,trco lurr,,afrce wd ciror co-ding azc A a,,r;au;i c, a ac•ir• :.OT,,,b 5d dr ;.•
compared as means fIr coding display elements in e;ectronic prediction and measurement of multichannel pilot performance.
displays First a review of some past investigations is given Next which significantly increases his information handling capability
some Pxperiments are described which contain an Immediate- beyond that predicted by todays techniques Current techniques
response task. a single-axix tracking experiment with discontinuous of predicting man.'machine interactions were shown to be in
secondary task. tachistoscopic experiments. and the exploration error by an owdor of magnitude in some measurements related to
u.' L.rr:,tctlve judgements on different types of color coding in an human channel capacity The results of this experimental work
experimental ers.ttcnr dsplay In these experiments the only are presented and system design implications for pilot capability
variable is the type of crding r...envnce or color) used for the and limitations are discussed Author
display elements and the various responses obtained are
discussed Authcr

N72-22624# Human Engineering Labs. Aberdeen Proving N 7;" 22627"* Systems Technoloicy Inc. Hawthorne. Calif
Ground. Md SYSTEMATIC MANUAL CONTROL DISPLAY DESIGN
WHAT COLOR DISPLAY ELEMENT W F Clement. 0 T Mcfuer. and R H Klein In AGARD
John A Barnes In AGARD Guidance and Control Displays Guidance ard Control Displays Feb 1972 10 p refs
Feb 1972 11 p refs ISee N72-22621 1t-2t1 Sponsored in part by NASA and JANAIR (See N72 22621
Avail NTIS 13.21)
The results are presented of research directed toward iNASA.CR 126256) Avael NTIS CSCLOlD
determining the best posrible colcrs to use for the elements of a thIe r:inciples are outlined of guidance and cuuitrui display
multicolored aricrayt dislay to insure a minimum number of design based on interactionrs with human psychomotor activity
instrument reading errors A survey of the American manufacturers The inspi:atrons for eye movement studies in flight control and
of multicolored mechanical aircraft displays provided a list of monitoring tasks and the relationship of eye scanning phenomena
nine colors generally used as background colors and a like to pilot descrub,,,4 functions and remnant are suirmarized
number of generally used pointer colors An integrally illuminated Several measures of pilot workload in contrO. tasks are discussed

U.•
 224 21 NAVIG.¶TICN

Excess control capacity. in p.nicular has grail promise in An integrated flight display for th, hovering phase Of a
quantifying a ptactic~al definition of worliioald It is a major VTOL lending vias developed The presentation of inform!'tioe. to
workicac con*nector with pilot opinion rating and whole-task thL pilot is evriluatart in simulation by three criteria lendintg
efflcitiv time delay Further connectir-twinth lead equalization. performin'> pilot rating, and measurement of the pilot's mental
?canning workload. physiological measures of neuromuscular workload Adaptation of the ditplay dynamics and the desired
termioni. and tIos effects of additional modalities on visual landing-profile load to higher level of performance at a decreased -

workload anteillustrated Aurthor workload Aurthor

*N72-22628# Forschungainsatut fuer Anthropoctechnik. Mackarn-
*heim [West Germany)
A SYMBOL GENERATOjR FOR THE ANTHROPOTECHPAICAL N72-22632k Ministry of Defence. London (England)
EVALUATION OF ..o'iZGAATEO DISPLAYS V!'STOI. DISPLAYS FOR APPROACH ANiD LANDING
K -F Krones in AGAfti Guidance and Control Cispleys Feb David J Wetters and Rall Sever IOFVLRi in AGARD Guidance
1972 7 p oef(See N72 22821 13-211 and Control Oisplays Feb 1972 10 p (Sn-e N72-22621
Avail NTIS 13-211
A freeti programmable low-cost high-quality character- Avail NTIS
generator is described, which usft a hybrid principle of "inotation 'he information requirements of a pilot carrying Ouia
The wiiling is performed by a combined stroke writing and VJ'STOI app:oach and Is 'ding under ad-verse wectIher conditions
Lxacs4ju procedure tha, results in an icreased display quality are desc~lribd, ano solutiont, that were tried out experimentally
The binary information needed is stored in a core memory The are analyzed Among tie tentative conclusions are the followingI
applied ciecult desigfi enables the writing of a ccntinuout curlve. (Ill The amount of information needed Ior V. STO. -liorlavs and
which may be arbitrarily cormposed of Zs and trines The the independent motion in v~fious axes pose problems in
presentiltion of salp~nanumeric symbols and complex geometric combining and integrating the irtfrmation channels It seems
ligures is performed using a 15 by 15 dot matrix for cc'nxrructioin possible to combine both a hortiontail and a vei &I display in
Color coding capability is provided b%:;ultilayer CRT Since one format. the most difficult element to inco )rate is the
progrimming of the displayed picti.,.ti done by simple height information (2) Most current displays w* - emnpiriclly
statements on punched tape. the generator beczrmes an excellent designed without much regard for underlying principles (3) An
and flexible experimental device for ;hxe hun'an ean2niering optimur.. cost effective mix of displays sno controls appears to
evaluation nf electronic displays An example for Rg;i:,.:ation is involve automatics for inner loop stab;:rzation and displays with
cited Author manual control for monitoring outer loop coinrol 141 Techniques
of engineering displays for conventional flight appear adequate
M72-22629# Messbrschmitt-Doalkow-Blohm G m b H . MunichfoVSTLAtr
IWest Germany)
A METHOD OF MAN-OISPLAY!CONTROL SYSTEM N72-22633# Ferranti Ltd . Edinburgh (Scotland)
EVALUATION A NAVIG~ATION COMPUTER AND DISPLAY UNIT lt-R
Ruediger Seifert Ibritisti Aircrafh Corp . Preston. Englardi Nlian F HARRIER
Daniels I6ritish Aircraft Corp. Preston. England). and P.! u& Tha S Briggs In AGARD Gidlarice and Control Display-
Schmidt /it AGARD Guidance and Control Displays rosb F~o 1972 14 p refs [See 1,72-226211 13-211
1929p refs SeN226-1-1 Avail NTIS
1972l 9 e NTI2S 1-1 The navigation dixplay and compuier for the Harrier strike
A method of evaluating the design and assessing the layout aircraft is a compact comprehensive, and sell-contained navigationj
of an aircraft cockpit is described. Factors significantly at acting instrument ft co~itairis a prctoiial presentatioin of the navigational
the design. such as scenario, operational. and equipment situation i-i the form of a projec~e -moving map, together with
17recluiromerrls bre inuri-Auced xnd a description of the rig facilitythmonofvrigedse.-gtecodnasofeubr
prcvideJ The use of the Cooper Harper rating system. sem-ritic ofe desiatins toring pond eetsA th~eycofrdnumericfal nuombeir
diffeientials. and guided interviews in the analysis of subject such as latitude end longrtr~de. time-to-go, and ipourd spoo- can
performance and opinion is r'-~sci.bed It is - )nr'. Jed hn.1 be selected and displayed ortica~ly superimposed on the
complex rnan-display,'conrtro! systems can only be opt ,-Zire by projected moving mani The d~isplay and computer contains all theI
the adoption of a comprehensi.e approach to ix,:rrmentol facil-ties required for the mranagemxent of the navigitlon 8.oocts
stuiesAutorof thu mission prirtle ii one centralized ofrea of the r -nit
instrumeint pane, Pail~culai attention is given to rivercoming the
viewing proNems arseoiialed with the use of projected moving
M72-22630* , Massachusetts lr'~t )f Tech. Cambridge map displays in conort.ons of high arrobieri lighting and to
lvý n-Vehicles Lab lirovid.nig navigational conirtol and operational tlecilities, which are

INTEGRATED DlSF'LAY PRINCIPLES AND SOME easy aouse in pracrice Author -

-'PPLICATIONS TO V:STOL AIR!¶IAFT
Laurejnc~i Rt Young In AGARD '3rioiance and Control Displays
Feb 197 2 7 p Als (See N72-22621 13 21i
lGrant fir, 22-009-025) N72-22634# Anacapa Sciences, inc Santa Bwibara. :Zalif
fr pc*,rj-
Desin gideinei, inegfaod ispaysareJames J McGratn In AGARD Gin-ance j,nd Control Displays
icldeth dspayfoma adscaling based on
fasaitd.an Feb 1972 16 p refs (See N72-22971 13-21)
onro rqureens
diupcld lihtpah heguidelines are Avail NTIS
ilutrtd
yth ~otm into, rditrVTOL display. a A general review of develolptiei .j ird capabilities in
cntctanlo VST1display, and an
pespcivegldeslp airborne map dispalxy systems is rireserite~l A brief overview of
sorbtn~ dipla
ai tr~icsitutio Auhorthe co~-nipicaled history of research, development, and nperatio'ral
use is pr-isented first, and then the development of eacti of fo~i
basic typc~s of map) displays is traced from its origin to itt
N7-263Vrengl FugehnsceWarke-Fokke, Gmrb H present status The four types are direct-view niep displays.
Brinie i~st ermny)projected rmap displays, combined map,-C9lT lisplays. aild
EVLATO
O N NEGAEDFIGTr)ISPLsNY FOR eilectrorically generated 'nap displays The mari edvantrigeb, nd
-9HE MANUAL fF11k-LANDING OF VTOL. AIRCRAFT limitationf. of each tyrte are rioted, end the various "ax,% in
H J Koinstoedl and J Pfennigstorl li AGAHO (miidance and which the basic de-.gn concapts have been imp~emernted are
Control D,fAiayrs Fab -372 6 p rets (See N72-2262 1 described A nufr-h-jr of desirin issues and operational problems
13-211 of cj--ent imnpor1uncZ; are ide~ntlifex.J an'J briefly discussed
Avei] NTIS Auther
 21 NAVIGATION 225

N172-22635# Smiths lr'iustries Ltd. Bishops aleeve fEngland) Avail NTIS

Aviation Div A systemn useful to pilots for approach and landing and for
THE IMPACT OF ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY ON THE iavigaltion is derscnbed Attitude. airspeed. altitude, and "listi~
EVOLUTION OF ELECTRONIC HEAD-UP DISPLAY lcation as derived both from analog display which is pirolocled
S~'STEMS through the windscreen and superimposed on the real woild
John H Smith in AGARD Guidance and Control Displays view i~he display is a three -dimensional roadway in the sky.
Feb 1972 10 p[See N72-22621 13-21) down which he aircraft can be flown either for navigation or to
Avail NTIS a touchdown on the runway The roadway may also be used toI
The history of slecironic head-up display system as applied define a holding pattern olr even a complete route from takeoff
to touchdown The thire-e.t nensionat analog display reduces
to military aircraft is outlined The various major developments
demanded by successive avionic systisr.i requirements, and the pilot interpretation time and therebyr provides for better aircraft
way in which advancing technology, mainly in the area of control Author
components. allows these incrasttingly stringent requirements oc
bs imp'lemented are discussed The main emphasis is on the N72-22SA40# Motorola. Inc. Scottsdale. Ariz
erngineeiing and hardware aspects. and systems fitted to current ATU 0O LT2 IPA
productian sircraft such as the Harrier are discussed Reference Aodo
T 0U LeDORi FLATtl 20 DISPLAY
lo Gore Wlln
is also made to the most recent developments wi-re computation Jidn 0GRLewisd(ancteadevetrlo Diplya97dGerg
Feb PWain
for weapon delrvs~y. or other purposes- can UP provided as an
integral facility within the electronics unii
rat(n ~ Gudac an2oto1D)ly
N72-2262 eb17
Author Avail NTIS
A display princqiples described for a true 3-D display or a
ML liccilor. Solid state. flat parel display The display volume or
N~72-22630% Elioutt Fli-jht Automation. Ltd . Rochester lEnglandl surface is a trensrcrent material in which an isolated monving
Airpor.' Works spot is :trested Arbitrary 2-D or 3-D figures ore generated by
SOME ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONAL FACTORS OF rapidly moving the spot in two or three dimensions refreshed at
MULTISENSOR DISPLAYS a sufficient rate to eliminate flicker Data riay be entered from
P A Hearne and 0 W Hussey in ACARO Guidance and conveniitonal sources into the refresh memory, ano manual
Control Displays Feb 1972 14 pi (See N72-22821 13-21) interaction via a movable cursor is Possible The advantages of
AvailNTISpresenting

-
3-D information ini a true 3-0 format are discussed.
The operational advantages of presenting s range of anm applications to display clutter reduction are described The
complementary data to the airciew from which they can metre requ I remen for a compact, flat panel cockpit display is directly
icroroved deductive judgements is briefly discussed and some adrsodAuthor
op~irationel requirementS are outlined The nigineorinqt solutions
are shown to favor a iaster based display whici. can accommodate
both computed and Sensor data in the same hIr iat Methods of
dispiay compulation rw !iiSeii iuxi-virito a -.:rt' rIthis N72-22b41M Sinqer-Kearfott. Little Falls NJ
raster technique are described and typical displays produced by SPACE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS TO GUIDANCE V4
these methods are illustratted Author AND CONTROL DISPLAYS
Joseph Koprowski In AGAPO Guidance and Control Displays
Fej 1972 11 p) refs (See N72-22621 13-2 1)
N7 '2'S37N Compagnie Generate de Telegraphie sans Fi[ Mai.l NTIS
Paris (france) Div des Equipments Avionicjues at Spotiaux Spacecraft displays with their need for Small size. low
T
INTEGRAL Cf OAMAND AND CON ROL SYSTEM FOR weight. Owv Power consumption. and high reliabitlay have
AIRCHtAFT [.~iSTEME INTEGRE DE CONTROLE FT DE required all solid state digital displays using electroluminescent
COMMANDE DES AVIONSI or tight-emitting diode illumination techniques Advanced
Marie-Jacques Julliarr In AGAiRO Guidance and Control integrated circuit olectronics novel mechanical packaging
Displays Feb 1972 12 p In FRENCH (See N72-22621 techniques, and high- reliability assurance programs are used in
13-21) these displays These technologies, and several exisiting and
Avail NTIS other under -development aserospece displays and control units
Operating characteristics and techniques are rrresenled lor utilizing these technologies are review~ed Author
an saicraft integrated command and co-rol system The sysitem
i! ijasigned to ease the orimary tasks of piloit. in the coming
years. tasks which have become increasingly difficult due to
machine complexity and steadily e~roving air traffic density N72 22642o Anacapa Sciences. Inc . Zonta Barbara Calif
Tiansl WyKPO0 UTILITY OF THE VERTICAL CONrACT ANALOG DISPLAY
FOR CARRIER LANDINGS: A DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
N72-2238.0# Air Force Materials Lab.- Wright-Patterson AFEI. Kenneth D Cross and Frank Ri Cavaltero (Naval Missile Center)
Ohio In AGARD Guidance and Control Displays Feb 1972 11 p
MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY FOR NEW IN7ORMATION refsiL'..e N72-22621 13-21)
OfePLAYS IONA Pro1 0 0077 DNA Prot 0-0078 ONR Pro, 0-00791
Patrick M Hemenger In AGARD Guidance aid Control Avail NTIS
Dispiays Feb 1972 9 P iefs ISee N72-22621 13 3211 The accuracy of the pictorial vertical s-tvation display
AvailNTISgenerated by a digital computer was evaluated Position and
The curierit status of elect rolu minestcent materials anid attitudes errois me-e measured under each of five experimental
devices isreviewed TeIitinoftersnlymptatconditions. a luli-sCole sinluleted carrier landing task and four
materials GaP (gallium phosphide) and GRAsP (gallium ersenidle perl-teask The panl-tasks were designed to assess the degree to
pIhos.,hidol awe dicussed. followed by a survrjy of caindidate which display resolution. temporal loading, and corarol complexity
materials for future display systems In Parlicu'ur. the pote.-ial of contribute to total system erro' Alt three attitude parameters
groups 2-6 semiconductors is presented sitonj wain some recent wr otoldwt ij ;ge facrc ne l
experimental results Auhrconditions Control of verlical and lateral positron in thie full-scale
s-mutation condition was acconiplished with aboii the stein
azcuracy' and prccr;c:cn as ttat reporied hnýi 5a'jai '.day) carnrie
N72-72639# Fe'rand Optical Co.- Inc . Valhalla. N Y landings in F-4 aircraft The pert-task date revealed that the
A MULTIPURPOSE WIDE FIFID. THREE DIMENSIONAL largest contributor to lateral error was control complexity.
HEAD UP DISPLAY FOR AIRC~RAFT whereas display resolution andi temporal loadiing were found to
Joseph A LaRuesa in AGARD Guideoci, and Control Displays be large end roughly equivalent contrioutors to vertical errur
Feb 1972 lop ref iSee N72-22621 13-211, Author

6.
 N7 ur-1veyAs a
FonpracFiht ynanding Laccidngts P"ro N7eveale3 heingr
Becrbd o Smesatte,Wresen Aedroshowate vGriotuo

and. subectngOit o) oeaIn na cGriGidacisee andCcntomleDitpay meet revuirement Thf cotyoeofsweamorequiremet frequ circman
ae ta
ref
ulto evlaio SeNodi22ed
17 A13tud 1)rcr roesis ofaayiscus
mnissil ocontoncpsyselectinremet
nd rheasoming
(Avlai prsigte aeo-losr inorIon adeoscrseinc bed tohrow eapplc atro toredvnced mishowilede Ator
rign
y
flig tat eautonapofathe same iandicnoraccdndsrvaleimltheisecniatiouin.adeetono onrlssest
evaluaton
nee tub
ofacatodeifrmayio senAtlnwithe ine-f-oratinmetreureet el- of
The28typoo weaston
p sytiemCo.qunirmnto
informaltion reentedtio oimiar todfehowtitude Dprecte ntd inao
thlddtehw plcto o dacdmsileinAto
el0 ncrpr atec inicg Ahl aThe-o resulto nombar exlctw inphatsee. ai
raigt-ofcevaureifration am
iftes ruirmndctorind approachiond01
ah itn AAD GdacadCorlofTtcl

parameter. Authir
rat-ofcloureinfrmaionis
rquiemet i thl pprachaThe PtadnoInt eatons Guiedangcte err onro ofnsTaciticalf

linear system are explained Th.- Laplace transforms repres. *.ng

the solutions of the adjoint equations of a linear interceptor
M72-22644#~ Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab.- Wright -Pattersons guidance system are developed The solutions for on interceptor
AFS. Ohio Flight Deck Development Branch represented by a first order lag and utilizing proportional
THE ELECTROLUMINESCENT LIGHTING RESEARCH rivigatron. are derived Autihor
PROGRAM
David L Tu-ney and Leroy Addis (Lear Siegler. Inc . Grand
Rapids. Mich) In AGARD Guidance and Control Displays Feb
1972 ti p refs ISoo N72-22621 13-21)
Avail NTIS NY72-27685 McDonnell, Douglas Astronautics Co. Huntington
Experiments flown in a T-39 aircraft by experienced p~its Beach CalifI
were deoignmed to simulate different types of operational flieghts OPTIMIZATION
by progressively increasing the exiernal visual task loading on 0 L Pitman In AGARD Guidance aridControl of Tacticai
opinion data &i
11.1.4 -. ;xl -4,;212768i
thea pdlt Both oti&c 1 -6i -ivasrxiuiaiteis arid pilot
were obtained on display illumination tundeor external ambient 18-211
illumination ranging from twilight to night no-moon rondritone. The procedure for optimizing a linear system against a
Photometric data showed that the pilot's display lighting quadratic cost function is developed be,the method of completing
requirements were influenced by the outside illumination only a scquare The optimal intercept guidance law against a
when this lillumination exceeded 001 foot candles When the nonemaneu,,soring taiget when the cost is energy lost to diap is
night illumination fell below this leyel. display illumination was shown to be proportional navigation wvih a gain of 3 Author
primarily iinfluenced by the pilafs preflight dark adaptation, the
*type of info-motion required for successful mission completion.
the priority the 010!t placed on the information available. and the N72-27686 Mcoonnell-ODouglas Astronautics Co . Huntington
effsects, of cockpit i.ghting on display legibility Author Beach. Calif
KALMAN FILTER
0 L Pitman In AGARD Guidance and Control 0f Tactical
N72-27881ti Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Missiles May 1972 6 p (For availability see N72-27681
Deveelopment. Paris IFrancel 18 211
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL OF TACTICAL MISSILES The Kalman filter is developed as a rational application of
May 1972 110 p rats oauss matnod) or reast mean square error summing. wvnrcn moos
(AGARD LS-521 Avail NTiS HC SEO0 together independent mneasuremnents And estimates proportionally
The control and quidance of tactical miss:tes with en-phasis to the inverse of the variances of expected errors The discrete
on cost, reliability, and pierformance are discussed The utility of measurement Summer is developed into the continuous filtei byI
modern analysis and evaluatOion tools and techniques associated shortening the time between measurements Author
with the seve'al commonly used control and guidance concepts
are also esaminei For inuovidual ,itles. see N72-27682 through
N72 7893N72-27687 Royai Aircraft Establishment Farnrborough triglanctl

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND SIMULATION EVOLUTION

N72-.27682 Ms''n Marietta Corp .Orlando. Fla E Heap In AGnARtD Guidance and Control of Taijical Missiles

CONTROL TECHNOLOGY A review is given of the quantitative ,tdvai'taget and

In AGARD Guidance and Control of Tactical
Philip C Gtegor-y disadvanltages of digital and analogue computer tec:hnivi es for
Missiles May 1972 14 p (For availability see N72 27681 the simulation of missile guidance and control. and a methodoirgy
IS-21) of using hybrid simulation is developed :t is Shown how a hybrid
A pArticular litt of mission requirements for an air to air computer can he used to aid the choice 0f an acceptable missiie
missile and or, automated design process to synthesize these System within a w~de Apectrum of complrexity particularly when
requirements into the prelerminarer design of a missile and many i-on linear factors and sitqtistical aspects are involved
guidance system are described This process makes usesof the Using this facility miathematical rr-odellira not only heic i specific
r,AMS (Computer Aided Missile Synrthesis) digital computer projects in their A &r 0 phases. but it can contribute to
program which was developedJ to I1i synthesize missile manragement decisions ire feasibility studies in the choice of
configurations includirig the guidance. controls. seccndcary power missile instrument combinations and in the specification of their
wprhead arid propulsion subsystems. (1i furnish resulting flight dessred standard o1 perfoimsnc5r It can also safeguard against
, furmance including trajectorieis and miss d-siarice. andi i3i ronrplax systems ba~nq over desqiped to the detriment of tier
Author Cost A~h,
es timate unit costs
* *
21 NAVIGATION 227

N72 27668 Martin Mariatta Corp Orlando. FIa N72-27692 Royal Aircrath Eslai Ishment Farnborough tEnglandI
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AND EVALUATION METHOD METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH INTO COMMAND-LINE-
OLOGY OF-SIGHT AND HOMING GUIDANCE
Philip C Gregory In AGARD Guidance and Control of Tactical E Heap In AGARD Guidance and Control of Tactical M,-ailes
Missiles May 1972 10 p iFor avabillbrlty see N72-.7681 May 1972 9 p (For availability see N72 27181 18 21)
18 2 ! Research of command to-tine of sight (CLOS) guidance and
The characteristuis of typical electro-optrand terminal guadence semi active homing missile system.; is presented It discusses the
to pursuit
ail
ted trackers kinematics of various guidance laws from CLOS
subsystems uding t
incd rse correlator m anda point of
nd lock
easpect on ccapability
ap abilty to ir t and proportionsl navigation from a fundam ental
tracking to de fine those
furnia he daccuracy tracking rcameters l am
p bandwidtls. ingle view The interaction between the guidance requirements and
sensitivity to target and light level variations ac(uisition envelope the missile system is covered and it is shown that the autopilot
and range closure effectst which are imlonain{ to the System and seneor effects need to be considered in hybrid computer
user A Ilaboratory designed to repeatedly measure trese progenties simulitons foi
The inplcations on computer requirementsAuthor
simu ltons Th e el ic uss
is described Typical area correlitor tracker characteristics are Author
Op filtering are alto discussed
furnished and a run schedule defined to evaeiate the Performance
paramoter:, described An economic analysis is presented to
illustiate the potential cost savings over flight test Author N72-;7693 Raytheon Co . Bedford Mass Missile Systems
Oiv
N72-27689 Seattle Wasn Aerospace Group
Boeing Co PULSE. DOPPLER MISSILE GUIDANCE RFPRESENTATIVE
GUIDANCE LAW APPLICABILITY FOR MISSILE CLOSING PARAMETERS AND ASSOCIATED FIRE CONTROL
of Tactical CONSIDERATIONS
Roort1 Giodstern In AGARD Guidance end Control In
Missiles Ay 19"2 6 P (FOr availability see N72 27681 Henry Zuerndorler. Howard Lynn. 4nd Gordon Kettering
is-21i AGARD Guidance and Control of Tactical .%li•sites May 1972
*17 p ref (For ava~ilbi;ty .,ee N72 27681 18 211
Guidance law general types to produce rnissile steering
signals from sensed target information leading to suitably close The principal problems and solution Optons available for
miss rirstences ase discussed Miss distance v: riations for the a11weather attack Ofi small tactical targets are discussed The
C-tferent guidan•e laws are displayed for an air target intercept requirement for all-weather cperation against relatively small and
as target and missile characteristics are changed A general possibly mobile la-gets dictates the use of microwave guidance
comparison of guidance law applicability is Presented for air and sensors The •roblems of dotection and the tracking and fire
surface targets Au:hor Control considerations associated with the attack of three generic
types o0 tactical targets are presented The characteristics ol the
available sensors are descrfbed and the applcia.i.as for vahious
N72-27690 Aeronautical SyStems Div. WNright-Patterson AF situlations ar exa nnund Author
Ohio
SELF-CONTAINED GUIDANCE TECHN(OLOGY N73-20664# Advrory Group for Aerospace RIseaich r.nd

Missile May 19iAGA.o

2 i..pii- (Frria~aiii
yi-.i ii s~~tiee _6!cpmcnt Pz::, ýFf_-nel
Missies May )Fr1972 18 p re1s availairity see INERTIAL NAVIGATION COMPONiNTS AND SYSTEM
N72t27a81 18-21t Fab 1973 402 p refs In ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH Presented
Inertal technOlogy for a self-contained guidance capability at th 15th Meeting of the Guidance and Control r'anel of AGARO
applicable 1o tactical air to ground missiles is discussed The Florence 2-5 Oct 1972
basic inerial system. wh,:h consists of accelerometers gyros IAGARD-CP 1161 Avail NTIS HC $22 25
and a compute Is immunt to outside interference and therefore The proceedings ot a conference on inertil navigtion
componentsr and ycadng s arenfresenrcd The obnectiae of the
ideally suited to military applications in a hOstile environment tnrteal
navgaton
Inertial technology has progressed to a point where equipment mpeoeg was to provide current infornathon of
size and cost are within reason for use with the tactical missile developments and to discuss appincations end test results
The basic princ., les and hin:talions of inertial guidance. including dmephs nts plicad on concepts and techrt.ues
was which show
theory of operat.on. and physical and analytic coordilnate systerri he raidesoffs dealng with cost versus performwance Theo
SUbteCtS dscusfed includewit strapped down ierrml guidance
stablization are presented Sources of error ant the propagation
of these errors are described Vir:Ous methods of alignment, and systems 12c inertael navglaton systems for the spice shultte
s0te9m mechanization are considered The state of the art, and 3) mnaterials for inertial navigation systems. 14o gyro stabeiled
the research and deveiopment process for inertil systems 5 platform applications. (5) inertial system for missile midcourse
diP.jssed Faretor influencing the research end development guidance and (6) fault isolation end mainlenance concep!s for
liaentbie aong wrth te reAutihorurip relweei~t
process are ineflial tirawgation systems Ior inaividuaI itmres, see fN73-20686
system rehlabi~lty and cost Author through N73-20717

N72-27691 Aeronautical Systems Div. Wright Patterson AFB

8ltaly) N73-20586 Olrcne Galleo SpA Florence
N3266Ofcn aie ,Foec ay
Ohio
OF INERTIAL ECHNOLOGY TO A STRAPPED DOWN INERTIAL GUIDANCE SYSTEM STUDY
MhoAPPLICATION Components
R Baldessini Fontana iý AGARD Inertial Nevigatror.
MA W E JG ecand Systems Feb 1!03 42 p rats lFor availability see
A W Acus Jr /n AGARD Guidance and Control ol lactical N73 20684 11 21)
Missiles May 1972 11 o rals (For availability see Ih.e sources and magritudes of errors occurring in a
in7ertial technology ftranped clown ervironrment are discussed The functions of the
Inertial technology for airborne. stgnd-Oo tactica reapon accelerometers ard gyroscopes in a strapped down system are
systems both as a midcourse guidance system and when used desc' bed The p8ramelters which must be investigated and defined
in cunlunction with a terminal guidsnce sensor is discussed The to eve uete the performance of a stilized platform are tabulated
caDbiltlrs of pure snerml guidance are eramined sle the The relumrements of ineria! lensirs for maintaining vehicle
readcounse guidetwe system for a itand off mabisie The
adailude velocity and positron are evamined Mathemathial models
relationships between enemy defer~ses arcrf capabitl arid for determining the errors produced by various parameters which
missile performance are used to defire a hypothetical mission affect the iertal system aie developed Oragran S of typical
sfrapdown eyItermi are included P N F
and a set of guidance System requirenienis Error magnitudes are
selected and missile positional error is determined as a functior
o!ran~t The v!a-- .ý11 angre )' !hrs peri- varerr is
ten
limited by the performance of the midcourse guidance system PY73.204va6 MeslachisetSell ins%In eci cerriurliJge C•lrta
Various noetnods Ot improving rmidcourse urlance performance
u Stark ()r 1. T Lab
are e.plo•eiJ TIe adivantages and limitatior,s of an aided inertial SUMMARt OF NEW DEVELOPMENTS AT THE DRAPER
sYstem are revieved with emphasis on relriring the advanitages LABORATORY
of the self contined system Author Robert A Dulty in AGARD Inertial Navigation Components

LL'_
 228 21 NAVIGATION

grdSystems Feb 1973 6 p (For availablp~ity see N73-20684 i ocnewthevrrmitles.rlailyanye.ad

aengineeringd wvlutheviron Attyptca
m1 test seicatind
reliability ses
11-21)
enineerdnd evlainAtpclrlaiiyts Poiiain
i
Research projects invollving the development of inertial
nliePNF
guidance systems and components are discussed The application
of inertial guidance to tactical and strategic miutle Systems Is N73-20690 Litton Systems. Inc. Woodland Hills. Calif
analyzed The efforts of the laboratory in support of the Apollo P-4. A LOW-COST IMU RESULTING FROM OPTIMUM SIZE
project ore examined Fault tolern design concepts in digital DESIGN
compute construction are advocated as a means of Achieving Joh H Tamura and John M Peterson in AGARO Inertigi
ystms rfiartry
impove oratarlrin Orita AtroomialNavigation Components end Systems Feb 1973 9 p iFoi
Observatory satellites are reported Snecific systems for lunar avila-1bility see N73-20604 11-21)
explorainon. Commercial air transportation, oceanography, flight The P-4 Inertial Measurement Unit development programI
controll. arnd biomedical experiments are briefly discussed P N F was undertaken to achieve a low-cost IMU with navigational
accuracy performance resulting from optirmiu size design of
M73-206470 Massaachusetts Inst of Tech. Cambridge Charles inertial instruments and platform Thia acpproach placed a heavy -
Stark Draper Lab emphasis on simplification -nd reduction in the number and
FAILURE MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE GIMBAL INERTIAL complexity of indli-iduar parts The cost-size tradleoff stuties which
SYSTEMS FOR SPACE SHUTTLE were cordcuctoid for the inertial components, gimbal set. and
David W Dove and Richard A McKern In AGARD inertial system during the design phase are presented and discussed
Navigation Components and Systems Feb 1973 14 p r*Is The result of the development program is en inertial platform of
Sponsored by NASA (For availability see N73-20684 11-2 it 2 3 inches in di-ameter and 3 15 inches in length, weighing 1 9 .
CSCL 17G pounds and requiring 25 watls of piower Thl resulting Inertial
A failure detection and isolation technique for use with four Memiuiernent Unit is contained in a single package 3 S riche%
gimbeled inertial measurement units (IMU' i presented tiy b~y 3 by 7 25 inches, weighing 8 ;,ounds Author
using simulated boost and entry shuttle tialectories with specific
gimballed ;MU modes failure detection threshods are developed
based on red line fife dependent requirements and warning N73-20691 Societe -['Applications Generales d'Electcite at
thresholds within the red-line thresholds based on exptect worst d eo~uPrsI-ine
*case IMU performance Using these trajectories. established deMEcTnO ue Pari
MESRINGc HNl1IL ULTISO
trapectory threshold, and multiple IMU models, various failure A QUASI-SPHERICAL ROTOR 1METH400E DE M'SASURE
detection and isolation techniques are evaluated for application DES QUALITES INERTIELLES D'UN ROTO'R QcASI
in both powered and unpowered flight phases The adequacy of SPI4ERILUEJ
the systems for both attitude and velocity detection methodsis5 L Camberlern A Corral. and J C: Silvestro In AGARD Inertial
evaluated and recommendations foi space shuttle applications .-lovigarion Componeints and Systems Feb 1973 9 p refs
are mde Athorin FRENCH (For availability see N73-206884 11-21t
N73 068 Inl ofTec
NOlitchuett Cabrige -halesA method tor measuring inertia that is applicable to spherical
N73 0668F/~tachsett
Ins of echCambidge Crielesgyroscope rotoi$ witn electric subi-i11-ir I* iiiia~4rl 1!he me",~
"foark
i..'llper i..ab permits the principle axis of inertia ielative to the center 0f
STRAPOC.iJN INERTIAL GYROSCOPE mass to hea determined ani7 allows the relative differences of
Micnels S Sopupti in AGARU- Inertial Navigation Components inertial moments to be measured Tra'rsl by E H W
and Systems Feb 1973 IQ p refs (For availability see
N73-20684 11-21)
*A miniature single-degree of -freedomn gyroscope has been N73.20692 Queen Miry Co~ll, London tlingland) Dept of
developed for Ihe application to a strapdown inertial guidance Materials
system This development is based on many years of experience MICROPI ASTICITY IN MATERIALS FOR INERTIAL
wrth the designi and development of high-perioimence pendulous NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
integrating gyroscopic accelerometers IPIGA) Ely utilizing basic William eonrield Ir AGARD Inertial Nargaf ion Components
*design principles of the gyrosccp~ic element contained in the and Systems Feb 1973 f, p reb (For averlob-1.1c Sel
PIGA. which by nature of the Pl'jA operation presents a slew N73 20688/ 1t 21)
environment to the gyroscopic aeterrent a strapdown gyroscope The deteim-nelion of the friction stress, the microscopic yield
"elves which operates and performs exceptionally well under stress (the sliess to produce a plastic *train of 2 s 10 000008)
high linear accelerations and high slew rates This paper describeos and the rate of sfaarn hordan~ng in the micros~tran region is
a ztrapdovrn gy'oscope !1i' is I.. tih~ 1I 2 niches in diameter asrribitid An evaluation of the influence of some metallurgical
by 2 inches in length and weighing under 1/2 pound The angular variables on thoet paramefers is presented in which particular
momentum is only 8 5 X 1.000 dyne cm sec. which gives it ieference is made to the characteristics of beryllium aluminum
serveral natural benefits of smeall size low power consumption and a copper-beryllium age hardening alloy The interpretation
high reliability, and reasonable cost To achieve high performance of the niocrostrain results is discussed from two sts-.,rp-nis.
with low angrier momentum, loiw uncertainty torques are required first the development olea general understanding of inicfri'plslriicify.
about the output airts of the gyroscope The design of this and, second the application of such concepts to Medtici
strelpdowmi gyroscope involved thea systematic identification of navigation components Author
each error source couplel with the introduction 0f subcomponent
design principles to reduce these error magnitudes and therefore
minimize the consequential sources of uncertainty torque N73-20693 Army Electronics Command Fort Monmouth. N
Author Avionics Lab
RAPID INITIALIZATION OF INERTIAL NAVIGATlOFA
FN73-20609 Massachusetts Inst of Tech Cambrirjge Charles SSESTRUHPRMTRE7MTO
Stark Drifil Lab Joseph A Desoto In AGARD Inertial Navigition Components
INIERTIAL-GYRO 111STING FOR RELIABILITY and Systems Feb 1973 1 , p ref% (For availability see
Albert P Freeman In AGARtO Inertial Navigation Components N73 20684 1It 2t11
end Systems Feb 1973 t0 p (F'or sysilobilrtv se N73 20684 The probilem of rapid initialization of en -rnsral naeigation
11-21a/-stem using an azimuth wander rnechanizatiorr as treated in
MAtilihodls In, conducting reliability testit of gyrocopcies used detail An error model is Isveloped which contains all significant
with i-ilrtial platforms The types of test% required are defined cosculn er r1-eie
04 1 acceptance tasts to determine if the gy~rnsnope can meet Determination of the initial az~imut?. wander aingle is then identified
performrance requrirerments and F2) reliability and/orf dr sign a aartretmto rbe v~f h aaee a
vitrification tests The eccepotaice tests are identified to s-o &Basume any of a contfinuum of values (from (0 to 2 pit Two
the oarameters which ofri ni~esured The design verification tasls methods of solving parmamter esatriratron porblerni currently in
 229
21 NAVIGATION

the literature are discussed one4 of the methods is then extended N73-206117 Teledyne Systems Co Northridge. Calif
topetrmit tiern optimal estimation of the initial azimuth angle DYNAMICALLY TUNED GYROS IN STRAPOOWN SYSTEMS
described. Relsouts of a computer simulation are presented Author and Systems Feb 1973 26 p refs (For availaboility, see
N73-20684 11 211
A review is presented of the besic principles of operation of
the dynamically tuned instrument and shows a gjyro configL;ration
designed for the strapdcown use Characteristic errors in a
N73-20MM Teldix Luftfahrt-Auari~estungs G m b H Heideberg multigimbel deosign are dis-cussed and the basic error models for
(V- .rA Germany) the gyro. together with its dynamic characteristics, are

INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

Refiner S. Sindes~er in AGARO Ineortial Navigation Compocneints N73-20S98 Art Force Avion'cs Lab. Wrrght.Potteraon AFS.
aed Systems Feb. 1973 1S p raft (For ava-il bility seehi
N73-20694 11-21) THE EVOLUTION OF ESO TECHNOLOGY
Robert R Warrynaki and Ronald L Ringo Ifr AGARO Inertal
Yhe stlfirrgvt performance requirements for modern, self Navigation Components and Systems Feb 1973 8 p tFor
4
Containefod aircraft navigation systems can only be met by integrated avaifablity see N73-2068 11-21)
Toeet~ttcgo(SInvgto ytm r
"atems combining arraial independent navigation sensors. like Tewobetelgetbsatic Sgy~ aircraf navigation system s areA I
~artIa measurement unit. Doppler radar. and radio position fixing
davioce, Is g Tscan) Some investigations on the opitimizaitiff. of and the atrapdown ESG micro navigator (MICRONI The ESQ~.
aiach nintgrated ralvigation systems are discussed It 'nill be shown its drift error sources the exploratory program that preceded
that high navigation accuracy can be obtainea cv.en with the development of the GEANS and MICRON. and the status
medium-peirformance sensors by implementation of an optimal of the GEANS and MICRON development are reported Author
ea1mlraoon and contrci: filter, and by the use of methods reducing
the influence of some inertial sensor errors on the system
performance The basic rule for the realiration of an effective N73-20699' National Aeronautics and Sparce Admi-tistration
integrated navigfation system is ro use s.insorso with complementary Marshall Space Flight Canter. Huntsville. Ala
1`n1r1cteiatics. but With mutually ba. riced accuracy Author PROGRiESS IN STRAPOOWN TECHNOLOGY
J C Hung (Tenn Univ Knoxville) and G 8 Octane. IIl In
AGARD Inertial Navigation Components end Systems Feb
1973 9 p refs IFor availability see N73 20684 1t 21o
Army Missile Command. Redstone Arsenal. Ala CSCL 1 7G
U73-20S95
~tet,:sieAn
GuidnceandConrol overview is presented of typical inertial grade instruments-

COMPLIANT SURPACtk6 FOR # A BEARING GYROS lion available to mechranize Precision stiapdown attitude reference
James V Johnston fIr AGARD Inertial Navigation Components systems as well as a novel scheme of redundancy management.
ystes
and 193 8Fe ref l~o avilablityseeif two C~tagnseof froededm instruments are used The instrumentation
ari3 System 197)
Feb2 ssFraalblt is d-vrded between conventional and unconventional sensrcrs with
some as~sssment of their reediness included Author
A development sludy on a spherical hydrostatic compliant
bearing for a directional rr 'o is discussed Thre concept of the
N300 i ueFih yaisLb rg~.atro
rubber *if bearing anrt ilý subsequent developmrent astraced
hardwareN720 0Ai ueFlgtDnmcLa.Wg'tPtero
throriugh its analytical analysis and experimental material for AFO Ohio
febtricaetoo to the teal re~rtfts Use of a compliant
hi~h oul
oneof hebeein s-i~s.gip hefigd urfceINEksTIAL SYSTEM ENHANCEMENT OF FLIGHT CONTROL
MlLLpcm n od0Siht- GR nrilNvgto
when uripressturrzed cuisritutelf the novel concept of self caging
Included in tnis paiv. are the basic design cur-ves developed for Components and Systems Feb 1973 11 p iell lFoi availability
s eefiseea
fteecuvspoie h N73-20604 11 211
the croatbearn se ol thee curvas povides th bearingrhe
compliant functions of vehicle flight cnrlt hc ult
oto owhc ult
enogineerf with the basic tools necessary to design compliant tir
bearinre Unusuaf problems encountered in the fat pcation and r-ed-al system wilt con-ibute. and in a number of cases make
Possibfle, is discusted The Status of programScontrol aimed toward
oveluivtctA of tubber besngs are shown and dis-ussed Areas mnore fully ds'-ning and implementing these flight functions.
of further investigation are indicated which wou',J enhar cc the iri-".li.rlj all witethr t1idirr oov well a0Rio4itra~egi
rubbr barig dvelprienttecnolgie Aunoroutlined with the results a;h-evid to data cunctional requirements
whic~h will be levied on tie inertial system aer isted &,nd exeminod
as t3 the parameters measured or computed. reliability, criticality
roel 1.,v I., flight safety, praCticaliy Of the System for broad
M73-20694 CIT Corrpagnie lndusttlel~e de,, Telecommunications, app'Clcatins from Lt~jh simplicity of operatvon and economical
Sofiyaeresle.Oatel lFrancel, Div des Essers et des Systlemes standpoints, and physif-al ispects Poth established and probable
Inertial, eureet of an accerptable sysrem err, noted The requirements
GAS HYDRODYNAMIC LANDING GYROSCOPE WITH IWO will of necessity sires- the fact that suich a system is a safely
METHOD OF EVALUATING flight item and reliability is extremely rirflical A brief Survey is
DEGREES OF FREEDOM presented of the tiends anrf developmrents toward the system,
PERFORMANCE jGYROSCOPE A DEUX DEGRES DE
LIGIRTE SUR PALIER A GAZ HYDRODYNAMIOUE which will be required to achieve universal integration ol inertial
METI400E D'EVALUATION DES PERFORMANCES) navigation system signals inro the flight control system functions
Pietrr Leger lIn AGARD Inertial Navigation Cumponents and Sevetal different types of inertial systemrs now under develot'ment
Systems Feb 1973 19 p refs In FRENCH (For availability are discussed to illustrate the tecrrrologrr which may yield
applicable systems Author
see N73 20684 1 1.2 1)
Two piir.ciple meant developed to measure the functions
and pearlormence of a gyroscope with two degrees of freedom
are Outlined A mathematical mnorel representing the essential PY73 20701 Army Electronics Command Fort Monmouth. NJ
.;hsra:Ierrit-c, of tn'! tipp-rol-is rr'ýn the formulation of parasitic
Navigation Syrleins Tearr4
cougling of the gyroscope under constant acceleration, is DESIGN OF A KALMAN DERIVED. fAXEU. GAIN. HySIOU
described Statistical optimization wea used to analyze multi NAVIGATION SYSTEM
poeition ef'1ects according to the typo of gyroscopeo and numerous W R Light Jr R F ClISV, C. T Ellicott M J F.sher C j
redundancies present in a sifran of meassurements Probable Galanti J A Knight and I Levine In AC.ARD Inertial Navigation
Components and Systaems Feir 1973 tO p rets IFor availability
co flfcirents of the modiel and the uncartainties associated with
th -Be coefficients are evaluated Trans[ by ( H W see N 7 3 20684 1t 2 1
 23At presnt. uhere exs~ts amajor efort to develop cost seffectve N73-20706 Boeing Co. Sisa Wff Weash mrrm7a

SystlemS involvesedi theog desinay f

o onaddata front suthMont ANrDe GUDNCwEtsrteiwaoninc rgthinnty
Carplicatomn t simloanietianl anbrdac te
stual arigh cust dATher HvWhirlin andmopR Thonas l SRAth Sysear Prit the ra firctwin
desgn inlud
2CIns ddfS~o
&Gecton f 8r~isitn~f~liofI AG-2 rtaltmodifaied t
Ieir Comrry Neit agtond gudanem and
Process"beue ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
ncojnto-it amn1n31
tehfqu trnse atg Fr techniquemyswhch
N er be20ng dev1lped i
fillor
h ~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
oifcto fti lortmt fv*Sne 16 haoihvnbheenG R incoe.rtale Ninltio theweposi n 19ar7 and
Kalan eedackgais.
eried.filed reeof ou~sphCC168.thell shmortfngsattacnk. mislhtestS AMgeeas drgeasriton
N73.20702c SelteiveherloL Siegf
near Afixe tgainfing Welst. fof Rm .uietar
dehig paeitthe s f prdc ionTer UnieviStatier And
sysermsny hoi nlss fdi fo oh ot guidane
o ce' neystem staendctweaponsidrtinotl ns ilen tthe finven
lr
CarlTH mpE eA r iS uainS and a cILIZE Tfl PEDt Pest A uthorM de wignberoe E a lpatir tis ylace win ithefrt wineria
operatiod
Gerhard erbe' Iertial Nvigatio
InAGARD navigetio
Bom-nnt r nmodiftiad tocalirryievtion. eddig uifdatureahid

asse
deig
platforofg-on aehiqe three
ise decied wt trhefe
* dimnsion
of 10 mm n diaeter.225 rm in engthand8 N have10 beden ino.;wikt rted
nothehi wepo syte aeelnd
* weiht2o702k wtithela timge
Leadr 0 appr
r A .imately10 s ~ ofofd
SRe M. u~rmniqefaueyftel nrilnvgto n
Theray
powerncconsumpto isd orsdrain
less tha watt The ADACDfOEiRSnRS thea AINETaND
led
Atttd isREeAual GYOr
beTter thanED03TFR
IZE degrees ine rreslle OF INETIA
Emndsi iitc pAlaAetd iLAerOiMS
Githar Gadrib@,e(eedn nth yo fbte hn InehjAGARD Inertial Navigation
KKomComponanonvgtotlinetadclbrto.addsgnfaue ahc

inaiuh Teoafr
1973 sSple ih15VA.3paeand
Systems N3264mnmz
Feb p availability
otAtosee 18 resFor

plodelr -1 Statin withg thf nolna ande lines therbe

MUiin
dimenionsof
mmin damete. 10 22 t~i in er~gthen grvt-il
N7 -2 70 rhssoek
Grotatig earhni i ism How thaittline
wi- ottfvco e~a no6el cfnno bet mesue directl Anmoptimaltey10scnds(Ws
The power cnsupinisch H equchor Twenstehanchd
35 NwttTher ADVimator i neeFrytOst
R CDU E RtSELFett AtINMNdicr NDtm
attritud isieen bettcabr thr nrl ndpC LBAestiatio
INOFIETAtehire LTO M a0gm'n andre

witP drfteiiat liteedn

A nGegr)o etrta 4dg' Inertial Navigation
ec
rgComponetanlop
iuar
an I co
.ARDe paed sng ariaFerands
Sysaimtem Fheb 1973or 9 p s uple viaiity we(o 1 N 3-
Aee 8 weieghdSytedmest Faeb The7 1ibr of refstimaor dviaiivergenei
and21 arefl AtorN3208 discusses 1 1 Authrc
Atrtnfor mwtho ise thee
dencribed
orientationotn leterinin
ship from acceeromter witou Onlydsigal grsing eand issohehb
u7-2uofgyo 0 cpes Thre rotatihon accel .Erom heteran(Ntwor estimator0i ne tiess ary Ftugeatimat
tion. st uttgart (Wsre
estim
trandsl)io acceleometer astmaeo necessaryeTheycbl
are rigidly'riatacenGr
toEThERMINAThisIgNal n the signal ofIEThecmasaePOEUE t O H
arlu-Utl SIATION ORMtli~alt
IN-~LGHT
WTHE ~dLpFfr
proCELsEdOEE by aopext GAL whichd perform assort of fiteinaRICL
digta computerc IALGNEN FLAFOM
RPro fesstoin c Iptn otnosytetreaglsdtriigVlmrHl AGARD' Inertial Navigation
lo Components
ehiusaecne, and pae sn amnFIe n
shp retto hs nlsmyb sdfrcnrligSystems
Feb 1973 refs availability see N73-20868egtdlateuae4h
19 p rbe(For fesiao wtocri
e Auimentho
like rdasrie guns detTermidvantahe ofiethemthoof d 21
ashcop arednwithl asignlutiron using lgrosmisthersiml and reiablt te Ta lgtmeuea~ eemd ihasnl- iaia
hurwae Thf cyriticaleTheoi ilbaint h acculrayofmetesandrmetw N73-t 07mmo nted in a TrnsllC
us 160 test aicatuttort (Wditro
tifransltioni accelerimters a,@ancessatry Theytare r- l atetaced Gormt, cfrao tiOupv~i is a mdrwr ~ .
endtnewshxpTeirsimentls arecrid uthetoitesto the systmpswith The
PR estmaio
C DU E ofI tOe plHfor ATO mslgm Nt-seFLrmHd
I~
mrocesdl of a moingiaship ue oay Autior tw diffren
infom withrin
M NaETIA
soAIG le
OF PLTOMea Sau rcdr
~~~ ~
ships
hs nlsmybeue ~ ~ ~ o ~otol9Ss~ ~ ~ ~ hc eeds
nretto only19he inte ral atvte
o aceeoete r output68
ailatbilit
equimen thee appoprat coupnen fc the Dopplerg veoct and withd121

as co pare
usigwit
gyos
a slutio
i the impl andreliblemest fliller The dyna d ste witic vasnlue axs
ri man wh are
erich
ufecssr ee ! toatfimplementý-~rrnh:
the cllaahre deernnd 0r76hfih
and3now0ex Maroenis aellariott Avonit tolsy h LitdVsems
Rochese m easurements Difthienplt fiorei moer ls esuli t din pendencedo
Endelnfa moineriaNavgai on Auhovi theplatform eo znt w ~ eayiewita r cale vso mietion valu tie troethre
THE Jb~OF ACLUTER~OTAENERIAL YSTM.hi~crh anedsonl the airceralft th~e,lfritin acclrdingto gustsuth
IN ASTRENVIRNMETrteiS
ARCRFT 0)
the
apprprattecomiplinment ofterDiopat-r vehoit tatd wthe
O G Hrria In AG~tO
nertil Naigatin Coponens an epplcston f)il Kter Th tiller arocdi leadisticvallutes 'edichoes
Sytm Fen93 7 p (o viailt e 7-0 8 o te hessaytoenpini anio accuiltr acyei aeemn aditom
e vhefloigt
N73-2074 M tooElot voscSsem t ohse measurementis Diseen ite n odi elsr veslocity measuemdente on
uaengThe aInerietialNavig tion sDiv cie whic inovpteaalablefor teetm irono~atefren onus ! nareo, lare thvetito is th
TH f spaia cOF Afnul
CU T hER
1Oriot linrta
IN ensor errors, worthwhle tnonaply airri soph f etictdalm.accring ltte Austshor
achev th Eqie rTI R
AIR iTo
EVR ac N NThdevelpmen program-mmslineile-mto so ha h
cocene wis I the ra
thi R intion of vithe isyst ompis erevi ewed Aplcmo faKl aitte rcd elasi l rae ae
britef reiw
s of the thor
3 of clustr roataiona ndlityseeadvntge
N 3264t N best0 Deutsche
ion iaccunacy rif ad iticonalt vlctuy

ui. Of si atwal oyd riloiuni of lhe harizotal inertial aesoeffort iorthwhile toin r so
Arm.V histicated
i, Kamr,i iltrim Aurthri

toimprove the performance of an eiislig plartform Other aspects Fluglvehrung

of the inertial navigation system ýrhetrr the design was influenced THE MODELLING ERRAOR SENSI TIVITY OF DIGITAL
tby the use of the rotation technicque are then doescibed The FILTERS FOR THlE ALIGNMEN' OF INERTIAL PLATFORMS
seque.ce of lilboratuny and flight tie 5 dur-ing which problem Heinzl Wirnter In AGARO rtD a Navigation Coiniponents and
aroeaswere disicovered ard the methods for solving the problems Systems Feb 1973 15 p lets 'for avamiatm~lri ree N73 20684
are drscusaded Author 11 2ti
21 NAVIGATION 231

The offect of incorrect or incomplete modellinr of a typical N73-20712 Royal Aircraft Establislhment. Farnirouglt lEngland)
inertial platform n sub-optimal filters on the alignment and Avlolin. D0ept
calibration accuracy is analyieri Closed.loop alignment with a FAULT DETECTION POSSIBILITIES IN A SYSTEM EMPLOY-
13-dmens.onel Kalman f,.ter and open-loop alignment with a ING KALMAN FILTERING
4-dimenrsional regressir hlter are co.,nasdered SimplhLcaltons Of F Gregasio In AGARD Inertial Navigation Components aead
the precomputed gain matrix and a fairly armpit controller for Systems Feb 1973 10 p refs (Fo' availabilllty see N73-106P4
cloeed-loop alignment tlre lanalyzed with respect to their effect 11-21)
on the alignment accuracy It is shown that the modelling errors K"'nsn filtering is coming into use as a means o' mixing
in the 4-dimensional regression filter lead to increasing uncertainty soenor .",formation in an integrated navigation system Use of
in tele platform state astimat.on after a certain estimatior time the te..' ique. implying knowledge of the errors in the system
The limitation of the azimuth alignment accuracy cauSed by the and their statistics. shoulo provide a basis for fault detection
east gyro drift is discussed for different drift correlation times The report quotes the basic Kalman filtering equations and
between 1 5 seconds and infinite time and ti compared with dracu"ses the indirect implt rnintalion normally used in airborne
the steady state azimuth alignment error in a third order navigation applications Types of laults in the sensors are
gyrpass•n•' loop Author categorized according to the way in which they would affect
the operation of Kalman filtering Criteria are established for
detecting each category .; fault These are discussed with
N73-20709 Ferranti, Ltd Edinburgh (Scotland) Inertial Systems reference to a Doppler inertial navigation systSm The methods
Car' probooeso for the detection of tfults are shown to be relevant to
GYRO CHARACTERISTICS FOR RAPID GYRO- the problem or divergence encountered in some Kalman filter
COMPASSING implementations It is concluded that it should be possible to
K A Brown alnd D Anderson In AGARD Inertial Nvwgal-hon delect faults Location however may not be possible Author
Components and Systems Feb 1973 18 p ref (For avalabiity
see N73-20684 1 1.21) N73.20713 Singer Co. Little Falls. NJ Aerospace and Marine
Inertial navigation system alignment. of course includes Systems Group
finding north by gyrocompessing. and around 2 5 "rinutes must FAULT ISOLATION AND MAINTENANCE CONCEPTS OF
be met if the overall reaction time of the aircraft is not to be AN ADVANCED INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM
limited bV the system It is found that fo, illpractical purposes Francis H Murphy In AGARD Inertial Navigation Components
the equipment must be switched on from cold and this necessitates and Systems Feb 1973 9 p iFor availability see N72-20684
tle use of the iertial insti iments before they rea1h theirdesigned 11-21) )
operating temperature The iesu!ts are given of a program Of The design concepts. hardware charicterlstiocs. nd system
work over many years. to determine the parameters of single-axis tradeoffs are described which have been coJr.sdered for a
floatec gyroscopes. when u"ed in inertial systems requiring rapid self-conrllined advanced inertial navigtion systern Included in
reaction under thes., conditions New
parameters of gyro drift the* system is an automatic
self-annunciating fault isolation
have been obtained, and the new technique of system operation capability The system is pockagged in a single LRU and has
based on these is outlined The performance obtained with an been Organized to be modular in construction with fault
inertial navigation system using these tecnniQues is given to ennuncortan to both the module level c ot io
fru ght t
ne vfal
illustrate the benefits to be gained Author maintenance and to the functional circuit hybrid chip at the

inltrmediate level Details are presented on the various buill-in

test functions, as well as volpdatz::j of the built-in test hardware
N73-20710 LIV Aerospace Corp Dallas, Tax by utilization of the BITE-on-SITE concept Softwate monitoring
A-7 AIRCRAFT
AIRBORNE. GROIINO. AND SHIPBOARD lot discussed including built-rn flight tine self-test. calibration and
INERTIAL NJAVIGATOR ALIGNMENT METHODOLOGY AND in-flight performance monitoring utilrznp existing redundancy
RESULTS within the platform subsystem The utaizsrv•on of a calibration
M G Johnson. Jr In AGARD Inertial Navigation Components computer card is also discussed This cold. an interchenageable
and Systems Feb 1973 10 p (For availability see N73-20684 replacement for the operational computer caid. is utilized to
1 1-21) perform periodi; calibration of the platform subsystem without
The A-70D E aicraft navigation system is described and in the need for any additional external support calibration equipment
particular the alignment method The particular functions which The realrt concludes with a summary of the methods used to
the system performs are outlined The alignment techniques are fault isolate and the maintenance action required at the various
described in a basic fashion without delving into a detailed operational levels Author
derivation Finally some experience gained during the A-7 program
pr!=n-ted Wlong w!th test resrjttt Ajj hioi
N73-20714 Laboratorre de Recherchss Blalislques at Aerody-
N73-20711 Norwegian Dofence Research Establishment. Kjeller nrmiques Vernon IFrence)
Div of Elsctronics ACTIVITIES OF LRSA IN THE INERTIAL DOMAINE
PENGUIN MISSII.E INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM. IACTIVITES DU LROA DANS LIE DOMAINE DE LINERTIE)
DESIGN CONSIDERATION FOR MIDCOURSE GUIDANCE
H K Johansen In AGARD Inertial Navigation Components Joan Morel and Guy Celly In AGARD Inertial Navigation
and Systems Feb 1973 ;3 p (For avalability see N73-20684 Components and Systems Feb 197.1 12 p ;n FRENCH
11-21) lFor avaitblrlty see N73 .k0684 11 21)
The midcourse guidance of the Penguin ship to ship missile The role of LRBA in inertial affairs relative to Fret ch

requires an inerltal navigation system for attitude reference tnd military programs dirj the methods Used by the facility to study
position computation The INS has a three axis platlorm with these systems ire hriefly outlined Oualficatlion tests of &c-
resolver outputs to the guidance system and seeker head The celeromerer systems for ballistic engine guidance. in snwironments
crotictrack position is computed by analog ercifrnlics Later simulated on a centrifuge, are discussed in detail
versions :iso incorporate down range navigation electronics The Trannsl by E H W
mechanics, design emphasizes simplicity in assembling an I
mar-rienance by making use of a complete package design A N73-20715 Laboreloire de Recherches Gahsthques at Aerodir
rapid onlitishzatton technique for use on board Small fdSt pSI1IO nsmq~uft Vernon (Francel)
bootsts described In azimuth resolver slaving is used and leveling DETERMINATION OF NONLINEAR ACCELEROMETERS BY

is oerformed by using the platform accelero-neters and by A METHOD OF DIFFERENTIAL TESTS IDETERMINATION
compensating for the ship horizontal accelerations A modified DEB NON LINSA0IITIb Li Af.c.ELE ROMETRES PAR UNE
tangent plane navigation scheme is used in the tight mode METHOD[ D'ESSAIS DIFFERENTIELSI
Navigation. accuracy better than 200 in at 25 km has been Jean Morel and Guy Cally /n AGARD Inertral Navigation
derronslratsd ResJlts from error simulations and re:.ults from a Components and Systems Feb 1973 8 p In FRENCH (For
ro~kel sled telst program are shown Author avrlhIbllily see N73 20684 I1 2 11

Cor.
r,.
 232 21 NAVIGATION

A differential test method used to evaluate the quality and N73-23690 Electronic Systems Div . Bedford, Moss
performance of nonlinear accelerometers is described Adve~itages STATUS AND TRENDS IN MILITARY AIR TRAFFIC
of the mnithod ove classical methods. measurement errors.H~ alCONTROL SYSTEMS ArTraffic Control Systems
givn qbtzjrnlod
ar rsult
Mi Ttnslby EH WAlbert A Shiely. Jr in AGARD Ai
Apr 1973 3 p (For availability see N73-23889 14-2 I)
N73-20716 Royal AirWLiEsa7 ifme11Frnoou`l1gard The status and trends in military air traffic control systems
Avionishent Fanbrugptnlad are discussed The air navigation facilities operated by U S Military
Avo~iDpOtTOSADVLCTESORTEVAU Forces are described The mission of the Air Defense Control
DTUM FIETILNVG4TO YTM System is explained The derrelopmont of automated air control
A F Stokes and S G Smith In AGAkD Inertial Navigation systems, airborne search radar, and integrated communication.
no'!igaition. and identification systems is reported Author
Components and Systems Feb 1973 21 p (For availability
see N73 20684 11-211
The methods are described which were employed tc obtain M73Z23691 EutocontrOl Agency Brussels B8elgium)
datum Positron and velocity information for unli in evaluai;'l AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL IN THE EUROCONTROL AREA
G H Trowv In AGARO Atre Traffic Control Systems Apr
inertial flvis~igtiofl SYStorl's with a perloroosince of around I
n mile jh The mneti,ýAs wt re designed to permit evalistions on 1973 18 p, (For availability 7ea N73-23689 14-21)
The organizatioir and operation of the Eurocor'trol area air
a warld~wids basis using wialever sources of positron information
are av-ilable These are usually two inertial navigation systemns. *,*flc control systemy aire discussed The m imber nations
a D~oppler dead reckoning position, rangerairge Ifacan or DME. comt,:,:ing tMe organization are identified The accomplishments
accurate Of lite crr;%n~rAtion are presented The problems peculiar to
Decca. and loran C The datumn produced hass toto beidentify the Europeain flights irecause of national sovereignty are analyzed
enough and in a suitable foim. for usm in trying develooment at in improved system of air traffic control is
erorinof teystmiertal ov~gtio sytemThe
majo sorce
reportedMasoth ucn laeaf oeAuthor, r
under test A lower accuriscy datum. only su-table for use in
statistical inalyses, is also described Various examples are givenInlddAto
Of the Pccuracies of the methods. (if the qtuality of inertial Wilcox Electric Co . Inc Kansas City. Mo
'avlgjlf.on sytmerror ifrainotne.ndftherr$N73-23692
"rbs,n~ed in Tacan. DeLCa and loran C fires The methods for ESO1SFRO 7S
Aobe~rt J Shank In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr
iikntf.;ying error sources are related to the type of da..uri, obtained
This, virtues of range range Tacan Dlecca.and lorans C for 1973 15 p (For availability see N73 23689 142 11
provirding fixes for these .YpOS Of evaluation are also discussed The nature of the errtraffic con~rol system and proceduresI
Author during the 1970 s are almost comrrlotelv determined by decisions
made during the past twenty years A brief review o! this
operation is included.
already-dejorined baseline system and its guiding
Nf73 20717 Aerospace Guidance and Metrology Canter. Newark a setof objectives for the future and ioirrrciples will
Sttio, Oho
PansandMangemet
Ali orc SaffOffceand
AirFocC COhio PNLYnSI
tatio and MaNaEmeTIASYTaff FORfc provide a background for the major decisions now confronting
LiRECYCLE; COST ANALYSISUOFAC MINERIALSYTM FO the world air traffic control comrnunt'r7 The imrportant proposed
cnanges or irnpiuva-irix s.l the a~ca, c~ e!5'c.nvr.n
DoaldRLarTAdy Ait Tnd Rus AClM ISIE
Dnaldaw CoHardynJr andRSystell A
Feeb 19n R Inrertia communications, collision avoidance. and infirunisni landing are
eents26
Componiabliy 1 1 examined, and the rrra:ýr issues for decision are proposed
uto
Life cycle cost analysis of irnertial Navigation Systems IINS) N73-23693 National Aerospace Lab Amsterdam iNetherlands)
is becoming more significant to all users today as performance
goals5more Closely achieve their objacrrves Cost of ownership ATC AUTOMATION. PRESENT AND FUTURE
C G H ScholteriIn AGARD Air Traffic Corirol Systems
models and analyses were developed that contributer to current
and future assessments of ihrs important area These analyses Apr 1973 5 p refs (For availability see N73 23689 14 711
are based on an extensive accumulation of roerrial systems A number of design principles in which future serrtraffic
data The current analyses include a critical assessment of the control systems should differ from present systems in order to
current mnodel and its data, a taxonomic analysis of INS coloe with increased air traffic demands are discussed The
atpp.cations. and it sensitivity analysis of all input model principles are that available air space and aiorports should be
parameters -These analyses have led to de~velopment of new used in as floxible a manner as possible by using computers
models which will more accurately predict the cost of ownership and thatimproved date links between grotnd and air will be
of a given inertial system The primary usefulness of thio models required for pilot-computer comrtunicalpon The need for a back
vie!' "i for ill, jpireisihzed anahisis of. and 121 discrimination up system in the event of complete computer failure to allow
controllers to clearsrtr traffic 55fIto, :c proposeri Aruthor
between. the cost of ownership of aircraft and ait to surface
missile inertial systems Spccif;- references arc made to the
most sensitive parameters of any cost of ownership analysis N73-23694 IBM lista,&.Rome
concerning inertial navigation systems These parameters are of AUTOMATION OF AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL IN ITALY, ROrME
great use in knowing how little -Jata i,; actually needed to make CONTROL AREA4
manage11141mentarvd tel~hn:cal discussions The types of decisiona Cam-Ito Martucci and Brunic Tincani In AGARD Air Traffic
and applications manAgers and design personnel need to make Control Systems Apr 1973 10 p 1For availability see
concerning inertial systems are also outlined Author N73 23689 14.2 11
The physical structure and operative unit organizat ion of the
N 73.23689if Advisory Group lot Aerospace Research and Rome. Italy err traffic control System are discussed The4
Development Paris France) automation of the system is described to include the functions
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS and co, ilbilities The phases in which the automated system is

Apr 1973 371 p refs In ENGLISH and FRENCH Presented being implemented are repoittd Diagirams of the system
at the 14th Meeting of the Guidance and Control Panel of Aý')ARD components and network to show the operation of the systemI
Edinburgh 26 29 Jun 1972 aer provided Author
iAGARD CP 105) Avail NTIS HC $20 75
The proceedings of a conference on a-( traffic control N73-23695 Centre d Experimentation de Is Nevillatron Aetrrenne.
developments and procedures are presented The sublecls Oily (France)
discussed involve the following IIl control concepts 121 THE SAVVAN MEANS FOR INSPECTION BY VOR AND
automation r3t area ai-d v-ruwI6~aiatO A! !efrnmi5 DME ILE SAVVAN. MOYEN D'INSPECTION DES VOR ET
navigation end control. 151 landing gjidxrrce (6) surveillance DES DMEI
Gilbert Mantel Ins AGARD Air Traffic Controrl Systems Apr
lllc-omrinivnicatpons 181 collision avoidance and 11r integrated
commrun-caticn. navigation end id~entification system For 1973 11 p In FRENCH (For avarfabrtrti sea N73 23689
individual titles, see N73 23690 through NJ73 23721 14 211
21 NAVIGATION 233

An evaluation is presented of the effectivii'ness of the E '-'iVAN N73-23700 Aerospace Systems. Inc. Burington. Mass
(automatic system for vanificatinn of navijltion aids in flight) in ANALYSIS OF TERMINAL ATC SYSTEM OPERATIONS
lcaticing and controlling high attitude aircratt The system responds Richard B Noll. John Zvara. ar d Robert W Simpson (MIT) In
to signals from VCR and DME onboard the arrcraft Signals are AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apt 1973 15 p refs
registered on a magnetic band where they are processed (For availability see N73-23689 14-21)
according to a ,re-establisted computer program Along with (Contract DOT-TSC-103)
the mnagnetic tend. the system has logir. elements and 12 The effects af automation in terminal air traffic control are
receivers Transl by E.H W onalyzed with respect to the impact of the automation on the
controller The present air traffic control sys:em based on radar
information and manual techniques is discussed and compired
N73-2369U Aderal Aviation AdminRsration. Washington. C wth an advanced system which uses a computer to generate
STATUS AN1 TRENDS IN CIVIL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL alphanumeric radar displays and Automated features A typical
SYSTFMScOntro opraton s presented to deonstrate controller actvity
Gustav E Lundquist In AGAr) Air Traffic Control Systems in both the present an advanced system ARTS t ls uSed to
end
Apr 1973 5 p (For availabity see N73 23689 14-21) represent the advanced ai t:affic contrl system The principal sd
The status and trends on civil air !raffic control systems are feapures of ARTS I are described and the interfaca of the controller
fiathe ompuTer and the
display equipmnteicodtsouss r
discussed The use of automation programs to increase air traffic
control safety by providing the air traffic controller with better with the computer and the display equipment is discussed
information on which to basc decisions is examined The Author
development of a network of computers. displays, and communica-
tions which will pro6ess, store. and distribute instrument flight
rules is reported The operation of the system is described by N73-23701" Natijnal Aeronautics and Space Administraiton
illustrations and block diagrams Author Langley Research Center. Langley Station. Va
AN ANALYTIC STUDY OF NEAR TERMINAL AREA
N73-23697 Singer-Kearfott. Fairfield. NJ OPTIMAL SEQUENCING AND FLOW CONTROL TECH-
AREA NAVIGATION: COST VERSUS OPERATIONAL NIQUES
BENEFITS Stephen K Park. Terry A Siraeler. and John E Hogge in
Jefferson 2 Amacker In AGARD Air Taffic Control Systems AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr 1973 18 p refs
Apr 1973 9 p refs (For availability see N73-23689 14-211 iFor availability see N73-23589 14-21)
Cost. cornp'exity. and cockpit workload were compared for Optimal flow control and sequencing of air traffic operations
seven potential area navigation system configurations Cockpit in the near terminal area are discussed ýire nea: termr _-e:-
workload was found to be minimum for the very simple arnd model is based or, the assumptions that tho dircrafi enter the
most sophisticated systems However. the sensitivity of the cost terminal area alory precisely contro!led a"proach paths and that
parametei is such that it increases dramatically with system the aircreft are segregated according to their near terminal area
complexity with relatively little gain in operational benefit A performance Mathematical models are develop,3d to support the
detailed study of the Mark I Mark 13 and ATA Operations optimal path generation. sequencinp,. and conflict resolution
Committee requirements document discerned that almost all probiems Author
required operational functions rould be accomplished with
minimum systems Author

P173-2369,8 Litton Systems. Inc . Woodland Hills. Calif Ae,-- N73-23702 Air Line Pilots Association. Intiernational Washing.
Prodt.cts Div ton. D C
AIRBORNE AREA NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT A REAL WORLD SITUATION DISPLAY FOR ALL WEATHER
C S Bridge and R J Holm in AGARO Air Traffic Control LANDING
Systems Apr 1973 13 p IFor availability see N73-23689 J L DeCelles. E J Burke. and Ken Burroughs In AGARO Air
14.21) Traffic Control Systems Apt 1973 9 p (For availability see
A broad base of area navigation equipment, manufacturers N73 23889 14-21)
and users exists Types of equipment extend from simple A flight data display for use in aircraft approach and landing
adaptation of VOR to triple inertial systems with multiple radio under all conditions of visibility is described The devi-e provides
positron inputs and digital computer processing Air transport airborne sell-contained glide path guidance for use in viswal flight
equipment is t;'ouped into Mark I Mark II and Mark 13 systems conditions In its most sophisticated form it provides tota:
which are described Area navigation systems are based upon.
rbseuon information for manual larding or monitoring automatic landing
iii au, ie nit,,ed, Iey. dii della. VOR. Do•,t;r . ier ia i. Loran-, A/c. and roll-out d..i.ini re-rl-.1 vuhl,'/ It ., rti.rt J thvi 1h. h arlls .rp
Omega. and satellite Demonstrations and performance in recent display symbology similar to that des-•irbed is urgently required
flight tests show state-of-the-art for area navigation systems with for see-to-land approaches and will be essential foi pilot
considirbtion of projected requirements Examples of enroute acceptance of automatrc landings in dctual nonvisual conditions
navigation, veritcal navigation, terminal area and landing are Author
shown Controls. pictorial displays, automatic data entry and dait
link are discussedi Author N73-23703 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Bedford lEngland)
Blind Landing Experimental Unit
N73-23699 Systems Control. Inc . Palo Alto. Calif THE INFLUENCE OF THE FUTURE LANDING GUIDANCE
AN ATC/SURVEILLANCE MODELING APPROACH FOR SYSTEM ON INTEGRATION OF SHORT TAKE-OFF AND
SPECIFYING LANE SEPARATION STANDARDS LANDING AND CONVENTIONAL AIR TRAFFIC AT A
J S Tyler. 0 E Stepner. and J A Sorensen in AGARD Air
Traffic Control Systems Apr 1973 12 p refs (For availabily MAJOR AIRPORT
see 7.73.23689 14-21) Nigel H Hughes In AGARI) Air Traffic Control Systems Apr
(Cowtrac, DOT-TSC-2AOI 1973 17 p refs tFor availability see N73-23689 14-211
The reduction in separation standards for both domestic and Some of the benefits to air traffic control which may result
oceanic air routes because of increased travel demand is discussed from deploying landing guidance systems are iin-ei.t:fed The
The overall problem of relating lane separations to safely for characte•is-.cs of short takeoff and landing airciaft inte'cept of
different navigation systems, surveillance systems, and air traffic the instrument landing system localizer and final approach path
control procedures are considered A model is described which are studied and the final approach geometry is ustablished STOL
ha; the "ame gc.-eral ipd, .io:rut tor-at a& tIe. frl. riuj approcah sonicncring r-- :.::m.Cnts a~t. itne anti sarlii-iflg
that has been used for speci•fying North Atlantic route separations geometry suggested T;, )ility of nonvisual approach and landing
Nut-rical results are presented to show the impact of inortial guidance sysler's to ears air traffic control problems is discussed
navigation systems and satellite surveillance on tI.e separation Avionics developments which are required to allow aircrafh to
stlandlrdi and safety for the North Atlentic route structure take advantage of future landing guidance systems are de-
Author scribed Author
 N3274Army Elftroncs Command Fort Mofmuh NJ accura,,,. etmerlaityand low cost. especially when ip"
U ARYAIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT NOW THROUGH to thr final approach arl runway for convention31/ short takeoff

haitGrossmnan and Thomas E Obinials In AGARD Air Tratffc ;al. with no moving parts All information is air-derived. Author
CnrlSystems Ar17 1pto via~t e
N326914-211 M3276RylArrf salsmn anoog nln)

of aircrafit under instrument meteorological conrirtons IIMC) and CONCEPT FOR MILITARY AIRCRAFT
thijs afloird the omidrmxmmuiiainohicobtInMHutri GR AiTrfiCorlSyes Ap
*capability within reasonable constraints of mnoney and eguio- 1973 8 p (For availability see N73-23689 14 21)
*ment. a totally integrated ground and airrsor"r system, a.e The characteristics of a lorward area homing and landing
deecuaaed. The requiremeints are based upon the asslumption that guidance concept for military aircraft are discusseid. Tha relative
tte Army will continue to exploit and expand the air mobility &chant9agls of air-dlarived and ground-derivod concaepts ate
concept in the future. In order to accrue the maximum benefit', compared It is concluded that a pure air-derived system cannot
ftlro such a Concilipt the field commander must be afforded the meal the military reqluirements The development of a hybrid
maens to effectively use his aircraft with minimum constraints solution is proposed Aithlor
Tlie absence of such a system curreiitlý piecludes effective field
4uxtloiation of Aimy aircraft under adverse weather and visibility N73-23709 Aerospace Corp Los Angeles. Calif Development
conditions. and furthermore precludes the onset of operations Planning Div
until weather predictions givo reasonable assuran%;e of resuwly/ THE POTENTIAL OF A SYSTEM OF SATELLITES AS A PARIT
evacuation Author OF AN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM
P M Diamond In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr.
1973 17 p (For availability see N73-23689 14-2 1)
N73-23705 Honeywiell inc ,Minneapolis. Min~i Government The air traffic control IATCI performance ý,otential of satellite
and Aeronautical Products Div systems utilized in a data acquisition an-i communications role
FUNCTIONAL DESIZIN OF MICROWAVIF LANDING SYSTEM with in a continent al United States ¼..ONUS) ATC system is
(MLS) AIRBORNE EQUIPMEiIIT AS INFLUENCED SY discussed The unique :iropertiss of ý-atellite-bstcd relays providet
GROUND EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION AND AIRCRAFT the only viable mean! of achieving compiete ccverage to ground
TYPE level of the entire airspace. coupled with unil!'rm and highly
Donald N Carlson and Charles L Seacord in AGARO Air acuurate sur'veillance pos~tion fixing Position diltermination
Traffic Control Systems Apr 1973 10 p refs (For ave~iahility identification. flow control, andi collision avoidance "unctions can
sa-- N73-23689 14-21) be implemented through the use of regional centralization of
is presented. with part-cular emphasis on the functional design utilization of tlie airspace arid adbptability of the ATC system it
requirements of the airborne equipment This system has the is shor-an i:lit the concepit of intermittent positive control IIPCI
potential or meeting the expanded. oiruie wixcise. and niure ie0"ie ai-Ii~i i b /e1ccele1di-1r
iejjrii,is arid jeeds tv Ilie
complex needs generated by a growNing aircraft population requ, en-ent for surveillanire accuracies of 100 to 200 't within
consisting of both conventional and unconventional IV:STOLI ith. densely populated regions of airspace exprectea in the
types A modular approach to both ground and e~ifbofne 3quipment t1980s A class of satellite systems is described which offers
is identified as a means of achieving desired flexibility and low the requisite Performance for both commerci?& carriers and general
coat required for a truly universal systein serviri the iull spcttrum aviation with low ant!cipated costs of aircraft equ.rment
of user airicraft and aircraft types Elements of thfaground system AuthorI
are identified end their influence on the nature 0f the transmitted,
signal is described Authe,
N73-23710 Service Tech~rtque de Ia Navigation Aerranne. Paris
(France)
N73-23706 ITT Gillillarr. Inc . Van Nuys, Calif TAM-TAM SYSTEM ISYSTEME TAM-TAM)
THE PERF~ORMANCE OF THE DOPPLER KIICAOWVAVE Jacques Louet In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr
LANDING SYSTEM IN A MULTIPATH ENVIRONMENT 1973 11 p in FRENCH lF,;r availability see N73-23689I
Rt.A. Rtaven and L L Sanders In AGARD Air Traflrr. Control 114-211
Systems Apr 1973 0 p i~or availability see N73-23689 The TAM TAM lautomanic transmission of messages of ai
14-21) traffic by multiplexi system as a possible data 11-k in air-ground-,
The success of the Doppler microwave landing system in trar'rmiss-on during uceanic. contrnenrai. aj terminalii
meetling the multipath challenge is dsnscribed Tetchn~ques which area fright is discussed (problems encounte ed and sclluii'.ns to
can be used to elimi~nate the effects of roultipath arsi described those problems are incruded Trans] h, E HNW
The various Mullipath sources are listed to~ether with the specific
requirrements for each Performance data is given which has
been gathered from three sources (1l computer simulation. (2) N73-2371 1 Mitre Corp . Bedford MassI
laborator'y tests of an equrpmen! model. and (3) fireld tests onDEIAON FAWIEARAP¶iONLCrO
two experimental Doppler systems The data indicates that theCA BITYUNGAS CHOioTMEDVSN
Doppler MLS. utilizing the Simplest form of signal processing. MUABLTITE ACESIN CAMMNICAHONI SYSDTIE:MWSO
namely, a filter and zero crossing counter. may be adequate Victor A DaMarires anu r~ L T'.oMpsn IESD( lIn AGARD
under limited accuracy and siting conditions For performance in Air Trallic ContrcI Svstems Apr 1973 t0 p ref (For
he-wvni multipath. some form of nerrowband device will probimblyavibltyseN3389'21
hsve to be employed in order to satisfy the accuracy and minimum avalblt seret for the8 14 of a1i) bnwdh iedvso
covrae
reuiemetsAuthor
agl communicatitins system to provide & grounld based, wide area
positron location system is presenird General principles upon
which the system is based and a disrussion of computationar
N73-23707 Inform asionskontroll A/G. Asker INorwayl techniques emojoyad are, coverrid A discussion of s stem behavior
LANDING GUIDANCE SYSTEM HERMES -. d sys!
ofu~i.ii0 -- id rinrlorii errors causead by individual
Nils Hcrlme In AGAFID Air Traffic Control System: Apr elerierin liusitior uncertainty and geometric effects ,v included
1973 8 1, iFur *xibiPht 11ifJ' 21,.nU 14 211 Con'roi rn'chenisms 'cQu!'Cd -o pr~r'..e stabl& air.) 6:.dtrle
The basic principles of tire landing guidance system Hermes Performance are also dlescrijed Results of a computer simulAtion
ate described The systemn is based on the establishment and are presented to provide estimate, 'if capability under various
detection of a codled pattern of gamma radiation from ratiroactive conditions and to establisih the syslerm performance envelope
sources This rinmciple offers a remarkable combination of high Ato
 21 NAVIGATION 235

N73-231,2 Radio Corp of America. Van Nuys. Calif Electroqiag- N73 23716 Defence and Civil Inst of Envirr.imental M-'J,cine.
netac and Aviation Sywtlms Div Downsview (Onterso)
SECANT: A SOLUTION TO THE PRORLEM OF MID-AIR THE MAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE ,1RH04LEM IN TERMI-
COLUIIONS NAL AUTOMATION
J L Parsons In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr Leslie Innes In AGARC Air T'dffic Control Systems Apr
1973 11 p rof (For availability see N73-23689 14-21) 1973 6 p refs (For availabil,:y, see N73-23689 14-21)
The principal characteristics of SECANT. a sys.em for the The main concern in *ihe several large air traffic control
sieparation and control of aircraft using non-synchronous automation programs which have been implemented has been
Teclniquea. are described. This cooperative. transponding the provision of infrimation to the controller in a more accurate
collision-avoidance system, designed to be compatible within the and more G*iliy assimilable form The aim was. if not to reduce
entire aviation community. is capable of accommodating the dense the controller's workload, to at least keep it within acceptable
arf traffic anticipated for the 1980s and beyond It makes available limits Experience with these systems to date is reviewed and
to the pilot evasion or escape maneuvers in any direction - the conclusion reached that in few instances has this win been
vertical. horizontal. or a combination SECANT helps the pilot to achieved Without adequate isolation of the controller from the
avoid mddair collisions by transmitting probe. and receiving replies requirement to continually interact with the computer, workload
with a 1 microsecond pulse at 1000 pulses per second on 24 is inevitably increased to an unacceptable degree, due to the
different frequencies Various discriminants are used to eliminate additional tasks imposed on the controller by the demands of
undesired signals, and the false alarm rate is near zero. Author the automated aspects of the system The development of the
Canadian Forces automated terminal control concept ,nvolvod
N73-23713 Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches evaluation of several methods of simplified man-computer
Aeroopatailes. Paris (France) Interaction. cirried Out within constraints imposed by hlnited
A FRENCH COLLISION: AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS OF available manpower in the contro!lp* trade, and I nited funding
TIME-FREQUENCY TYPE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TEST for the program A solution he5 been developed wnich appears
RESULTS to adequately act as a c',i.tprom:.e between these conflicting
Roland Moreau In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr requirements Author
1973 9 p rsts In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (For availability
see N73-23689 14-21)
Pergormancn tests of a system for air traffic control and
collision avoidance are discussed The system is describid and 9.173-23717 Labordaoire Central de Recherches Thomson-CSF
the method of operation is outlined The precis-on obtained is Ursay (Prance)
analyzed and compared with established standards Modifications INTEGRATlCIP4 OF COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS.
of the signal format are e;.amined Problems raised by the NAVIOATr.%N. IDENTIFICATION. AND TPAFFIC CONTROL
introduction of the new air traffic controe system are reported (INTEP.RATION DEG FONCTtONS DE COMMUNICATION,
Authofr Of :AVIGATION. D'IDENTIFICATION ET DE CONTROLIE
DE TRAFICI

N73-23714 Royal Air Force ln.t of Aviation Medicine. LI Milosevic and P Mollie (Service Tech des Teleromm do
FarnborouVh (England) IAir) In AGARD Air Traffic Co•trol Systems Apr 1973
HUMAN FACTORS PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT DETECTION 11 p In FRENCH (For availabi:ity see N73-23689 14-21)
AND RESOLUTION The economic aspects of replacing sepera,e aircraft landing
V D Hopklun IN AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr and ,ntricollision equipment with an integrated time-frequency
1973 8 p ref (For availability soe N73-23689 14-21) system are discuaed in detail A comparison was also made of
Conflict detection and resolution as human factors problems the relative cost value of replacing equipment mounted on the
in ait tiaffic control are discussed It is contended that this aircraft Transl by E H W
asumption is probably incorrect, primarily because of the large
diffe'enceas in urgency, information, procedures and facilities r
various phases of flight The controller's responses depend on
the confidence he has in the data available to him. and on his N73-23718 Department of Transporta-tion. Washington. 0 C
knowledge of how accurate it is likely to be Automated aids SATELUTE CONSIDERATIONS IN FUTURE AIR TRAFFIC
may not be properly used if they include no indication of the CONTROL SYSTEMS
accuracy. quality and comprehensiveness of thMl data on which D E Findley In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apr
automated cornputatioins are being marie Relevant sseaich 1973 9 p 'For avaijaioiriy see N73-23669 14 2111-
methods for human factors studies on corfhict detection and A program for improving the air traffic control system of
resolution ire iradiaeled Author tfie United States is drscu3sed The orogram is involved ,vith
*deployment and impl- -r entation of manor improvements for certain
enroute and terminal area air traffic conrrol functions Development
efforts are proposed for the following sublects (1) traffic
N73-23716 Ferranti. Ltd. Bracknell (England) Digital Systems aurvi, illaence. 12) conlflict ptediction). (3) resolution and avoidance
n (4) lending guidance. and (5I automation of air traffic control
PROSLEMS INVOI VED IN ATC AUTOMATION functions The background fo; the formulation of a concept of
DRidLEMS todat AGARD
IN Air Cthe
OMATraffc aii traffic control system for the 1980 time period and beyond
David L Sloddart In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Apt i osdrdEpai spee nteueo riiilstlie
1973 I 1 p (For availability see N73-23689 14-21) rtconsidered trrifcial is pieced on the use of
mphsis satellitesho
The two major problems involved in A T C automation. to meet the air traffic demands. A
suitable man-machine interfaces arid system reliability. are
considered Theme problems are placed -i perspei-tive by examining
Ithe need for automation and by -.onsidering the information
required by the controller and how this should be displayed N73-23719 TRW Systems Group Redondo Beach. Calif
Suggested man machine interfaces ere examined, including CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF ICNI SYSTEMS
synthetic plan displays. tabular dcsplayr. touchw-iis keyboards. J H Craigie in AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems Api
rolling bells and light pens The operational and technical 1973 7 p refs (For availability see N73 23689 14-21-11
advantages and disadvantages of these devices are discussed The deveiupir•ioit uf a,• i.-irc-ed comn-ur:.cticns. nvigation
"The problem of reliability is introduced and the need for fail and identification I•CNI) system for command and control. air
S sate systems explained Various, methods of achieving reliability traffic control and mission execution is discussed The program
are considered, including triplicated hardware and systems having is mainly direcled .oward the requirements of four major Air
preferred and reconfigured functional organization The -nplca Force Commands The special requirements for each type of Air
Itons of these systems ate discussed and a system riesign Force mission are analyzed to show the variations reqi ad in
suggested Author the proposed system Author
236 21 NAVIGATION

N73-23720 Mitre Corp., 60edord. Me". N74-1434,8 Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility. Hollornirn
a PRACTICAL DESIGN OF AN ICNI SYRTEM AFS. N Mex
C. Eric Ellings),r In AGA.D Air Traffic LControl Systems Apr INERTIAL GUIDANCE SYSTEM CENTRIFUGE TESTING
1973 14 p For availability see N73-23689 14-21) Richard E Holdeman InAGARD Te-Iing Philosophy and Methods
The key factors which have resulted !'1 the proliferation of of Guidance and Control Systems and Subsystems Oct 1973
communications. navigtion. and denw',castrn esrt.pment in 15 p eft (Fur availability see N74-14345 05-21)
aicraft are discussed The advantages of interconnective The development and chartcleristics of a centrifuge for testing
communications capability and common posilton location inertial guidance systems are discussed The subjects presented
capability in reducing ctmplexity of the system while improving are -1: overall centrifuge cspabilkty. (2) test methods and sequence
operational capability are examined. A specific candidate for testing a typical system. (31 instrumentation to monitor all
communication system is proposed and its capabilities are signals for on-line data validation. (4) methods for computer
analyzed. Author data processing, and (S) test philosophy for evaluating component
performance at the system level Author

N73-23721 Of.ck. of the Secretary of Defense (Research and

Engineering). Washington. D C N 74-14349 Dormer System G m b H . Frredrnchshafen (West
INTEGRIT'V OF ICNI SYSTEMS Germany)
Robert Lyle Untten In AGARD Air Traffic Control Systems TESTING OF AN ATTITUDE CONTROL UNIT FOR SOUND-
Apr 1973 3 p (For availability see N73-23689 14-21) ING ROCKETS
An analys•s of integrated communications. navigazion. and Hartmut S.emenn In AGARD Testing Philosophy and Methods
idlenitifcatmon systems for aircraft opefation is presented. Advances of Guidance end Control Systems and Subsystems Oct 1973
in electron•ics solid state devices, logic circuits, and discrete 8 p IFor availabity see N74-14345 05-21)
function modules are described to show application to systems After a general view of the structure of an attitude Control
integration The an',cipated improvements in operational capability unit for sounding rockets a sh'ort description of the equipment
through system integration are analyzed. Author savilable for the test of attitude control systems is given On
this basis a test philosophy is shown which allows a thorough
testing of the attitude control unit at optimal costs This can be
done by a test program which examines every phase of the
N74-14345# ,•disory Group for Aerospace Research and attitude control maneuver completely out w."iout redundancy
Development. Paris (France) Within this scope also environmnental test-. dealt with In
TESTING PHILOSOPHY AND METHODS OF GUIDANCE the following some practical guidelines fc, preparation and
AND CONTROL SYSTEMS AND SUBSYSTEMS execution of the tests are given, whereby the engagement of
Oct 1973 210 p refs Partly in FRENCH and in ENGUSH the customer plays a significant role Author
IAGARD-LS-6O) Avail NTIS HC S12O50
The proceedings of a conference on performance testing
guidance and rd S•acec'et r. N74-14360 Centra; Inerit; Guida,,i.e Trt F~a,;iay. H;iornari.
presented The sublects discussed are (it vertical acceleration AFS. N Max
tests. !2) centrifuge testing of inertial systems. (3) altitude control LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ELFCTRO-OPTICALLY
unit for sounding rockets. (4) evaluation of electio-optically aided AIDED SPACE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Sspacenavigation systems. 15) standardization of sohware and Walter G Peterson in AGARD Testing Philosophy and Methods
hardware for test systems. (61 testing of aircrafh navigation systems of Guidance and Control Systems and Subsystems Oct 1973
with a higl precision reference, and (7I inertial guidance system 10 p refi (For availability see N74-14345 05-21)
tests using rocket propelled sleds For individual titles. see A key step in any development program is the laboratory
N74-14348 through N74-14358 testing which provides a means of demonstrating the design
concept and hardware performance The success of this testing
is dependent upon both laboratory accuracy and the faithfulness
N74-14344 Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility. Holloman with which the systems operational environment is duplicated
AFe. N Mex within the laboratory The greatly increased accuracy and
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS: TEST TECHNOLOGY complexity of electro-optically aided space navigation systems
TRENDS that are currently being developed force the test engineer to
Martin G Jeenke In AGARD Testing Philosophy and Methods devise new test methods in order to insure the validity of his
of ui•daince eni control 5yttms anrl %alsynstems Oc.t 1973 results This paper seeks to explain the approach that the Central
3 p (For availability see N74 14345 05-2 1) Inertlal Guidance Test Facility (CIGTF) is pursuing to meet this
The trends and approaches taken to solve the problems challenge It discusses the way past systems have been tested
involved in testing components of inertnial navigation systems and the methodology which will be used to evaluate future
are disctussed The pctsvrties of a test facility are described and ones Author
importance of reliability analysis aj a part of the performance
tests is emphlsrzed The aspects of systems testing which are N74-143y
) 1 lektironrkSyr.tem C n b H. Munich (West Ger-
analyzed
and 141 test (1l test accuracy. (2) test stimuli (3) test dynamics.
are efficiency Author manyi
TRENDS TOWARDS STANYDARDIZED SOFTWARE AND
d 1HAqDWARE FOR TEST SYSTEMS
B Erchenauer M Mall and G Schweizer (Dornier-System
G m b H t AGAHO
I', Testing Philosophy and Methods of
Guidance and .rintrol Systems and Subsystems Oct 1973
N74-14347 Laborlrre de Rechrches Blisticues at Aerodr- 20 c refs tFiu- ivadabiliy see N74 14345 05.2 11
namiques. Vernon (Fiance) The use of automatic test equipment for Lheck-Out of anrcraft
PIGA. ACCELERATI3N TESTS ON VERTICAL 10G. 3 HERTZ before flight ,z discussed A check-out system comprises an
TAMLE equipment to stimulate the system to be tssted with defined
Michel Coaset In AGARD lSstmg PhiloSophy and Methods of test signals measurinq units the interconnectior. system for the
Guidance and Cont'ol Systems and Subsystems Oct 1973 connection of all parts with the required test signals and messuring
15 p refi (For availability see N74-14345 05-211 units, the process computer w;th the interface unit and nput;

I
The characteristics of pendulous gyro accelerometers and niitpui paripherals Their qs raq•,menano a VY,,t.y of diHfr4,n
methods for conducting vertical acceleration tests are discussed stimuli and measuring units Examples are ac and dc test signal
Mathematical models are developed to describe the primary sources hydraulic transducers mechanic-tl transducers. nstru
elements of gyro accelerometer testing Block diagrams of the nentS measuring current voltage, power. pressure rotations The
test equipment and components are provided The problems and meant us
a g pote pessure, of The
prcicedures Oor conducting acceleration tests on a centrifuge and rerlumrad softheare s as importal T the pperaoiori or a check out
vibration tests are explained Author system as the hardware isel The test procedures for the spec
21 NAVIGATION 237

sys'em to be tes ed, the specification for the stimuli and the After a general description of the CROTAL_ Weapon System.
rneasuhng units to be applied and the basic software for thd the main stages of the technical program develOpment ore
computer and the process peripherals as well as the user pr-grAm indicated Then the role of simulations is discussed in further
t
o.- the specific check-Out equipment end the system to tb tested detail and the methodology of their use. on several levels is
are all parts of the software compley Author stressed Attention is drawn tc the basic character of a constant
adjustment of simulations to esperimental results Finally. an
N74oi napplication of methodology is illustrated by a practical example
l 4nd) and simulation results are compare to test results Author

AIRCRAFT INERTIAL SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION

IN THE UNITED KINGDOM N74-14356 Central Inertia; Guidance Test Facility. Holloman
R F Stokes and S G Smith In AGARD Tes:irv Phitosophy AFB. N Mex
and Methods of Guidance and Control Systems Aid Subsystems TERMINAL GUIDANCC SYSTEM TESTING
Oct 1973 49 p IFor availabliditv see N74-14345 05 21) Felix E Morgan In AGARD Testing Philosophy and Methods
internal system testing by Government Departments in the 3i Guidance and Control Systems and Subsystems Oct 1973
United Kingdom Is undertaken by two Establishments - RAE 21 p) ret IFor availability see N74-14345 05-21)
Farnborough and A and AEE Boscombe Oown For historical Through tho proper combination of complementary non
teai.-:s most flying is done at A and AEE where a fully destructive tests and verificaton by a limited numTber of live
instrL•ir.nted aircrah has been pruvided for precise navigation firings. it is now possible to increase tht test cost effectiveness
,ral, b it the methods used aie largely derived at RAE Details (test validity divided by test costO for terminally guided weapon
of the 41•terence equipment available its advantages and systems These non-destructive tests are cond.icted under an
drawuack, are given together with a description of the methods Yntegeated test concept This concept dictates complementary
used to obtain a high quality world-wide positron and velocity tests Ir. varied test arenas each providing same benefit not
reierence Various methods of obtarring statrs',cal performance available in the others The results of all these non-destructive
parametr rs ire discussed and their consistency is demonstrated tests are then incorporated into a guidance performance
The oioib ims of performance dagnos,i are illustratied with a prGpagation computer progam to arrive at "guidanceonly total
worked example which also shows tne use of a digital system pe-formance The validity of the performance propagation
mathem.ticAl model of an IN system Some ideas on a possib!e for the particular systrm under test may then be verified by a
new a•pproach !.o ierial system testing art. also given Author limited number of live launches These valid guidance performance
indicators can then be combined wilth non-guidance performance
N14-14353 Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility. Holloman data to predict total w2apon system effectiveness Over a wilder
AF8. N Me, realm of launch parameters This can also be done at a lower

AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION SYSTEMS TESTING WITH A HIGH cost than would have been possible utilizing only a large number ,
PRECISION REFERENCE of live launches The Guidance Test ODvision at Holloman AFB.
Testing Philosophy and Methods New Mexico. is conducting such integrated tests This paper
Melvin Birnbaum In AGARD
au,a-,cc inr Ccit!r! Ststx.' ,,,i h ..si.mri Oct 1973 presents the detailed descriptions of the lest facilities, test

see N74. 14345 0 2 1)

.5 riethr ,. a, data ie .ct . "c^ ..: .. . . ar,,v. at
rets tFo; avalabiliht
11 p
The development and chara'te'istics of an aircraft test bed the performance indicators inputs to the guidance performance
Instrus-nentatron System propagation comouter program Author
and a Comipletely Integrated Relerence
CIRISI ere described The system uses a display system with
alphanu neric anc graphic representation to provide indications
of system operation The components of the system are ilustrated
and procedures for conducting the tesls are analyzed Author

N74-143154 Central Inertial Guidance Test Fac :' Holloman

AFB N Mex
INERI'IAL GUIDANCE SYSTEM SLED TESTINC
G A Mozer In AGARD Testing Philosophy ann Methods of
Gurdlance and Control Systems and Subsnstems Oct 1973 A
31 p refs (FOr availability see N74 14345 05 211
The techniques used for precision sled testing oi inertial
and terminal guidance systems and components under high
sustatnerJ li.ei acceteratoria s ..' h Sups.c:rnp,,ec vrhbj!dn nn
the Holloman lilly thousand foot high speed rocket sled test
track are discussed This track is instumented with a pteci-:on
position and time measuring system which measures the rled
velocity to better than 002 feer! secorrl Sledborne magnetic
tape recorders and radio frequency IRF telemetry are vsed to
obtain data Time dligirization of guidance system data for
automatic computer processing is utilized Sirapped down and
gimballed systems have been tested Accelerometers are teste:!
n system configuration by installing :hem on a mod led ineraidl
platform Static calirbation of accelerometer bias and scale factor
gyru drift coefficients, and inertial component non orthogonality
measurements are made between sled runs Acceleo..dter error
modl_, Include terms which are a functron of steady vate
acceleration inputs and dynamic acceleratior sensotlve terms

Proc•.uatnon of individual error sources at a funtiron o0

acreleration profile is examined Author

N74-14366 Thomson-CSF Bagneux iFrance)

ROLF OF SIMULATIONS IN THE STUDY AND DEVELOP
MENT OF THE CROTALF SYSTEM
G Paretti /n AGARD Testing Philosophy and Meiehods of
Guidance and Control Systems and Subts,:.ms Oct 1973
21 p In FRENCH aid ENGLISH I(Fr avarlabil-ty sie N74 14345
05 21t
 Precedir~g page blank
22 NUCLEAR ENGI NEERING 239

22 NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
I-v.lKU noclear reactors and nuclear heal sources used
far provulsuOn and auxiliary power Foi basic research
see 24 Physics. Atomv,. Molecular. and Nuclear For
related information sea also 03 Auxiliary Systems. and
28 Proputsion Systems

No abstrsacts in this subject category

II

I 'I
 23 PHYSICS, GENERAL Precedi~n! page blank 241

in sea waie, are briefly discussed Data cover transfer equations.

23 PHYSICS. GENERAL compiuter methods, spherical harmonics asymptoiic methods. anid
perturbation theory Transil by E H W.
Includers acoustics, cryogenics. mechanics. and optics For
astrcphysyics sae 30 Sipace Sciences For geophsc and N73-33623 Paris Unite (France) Lab d'Oceanographie
relate~d titfurmaseon see also 13 GeophysiCs. 20 Meteorol- Physique
ogrr. and 2.9 Space Radiation SOLAR ENERGY AND SEASONAL THERMOCLI-E (EN-
EROIE SOLAIRE ET THERMOCLINE SAtSONNIEREI
J P Bethoux and A Ivanoiff In AGARD Optics of the Sea
(Interlace and In Waiter Tiarrem~ssion and Imaging) Aug 1973
7 p rafs in FRENCH i Ecu availability see N73-33619 24-23)
N73-33619# Advisory Group for Aerospai~e Research and Various factors affect ng the seasonal thetmocline of the
Development. Paris (Fiance) sea are Situdied cry maiine photometry Specifically. the effects
OPTICS OF THE SEA (INTERFACE AND IN-WATER of advectron. vertical temperature profiles. energy absorption.
T
RANSMISSION AND IMAGING) mixing boundary aver. a~id marine currents aer discussed
Aug 1973 431 p in ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH Transl by E H W
(AGARIJ-LS-61) Avail N7IS HC S23 75
The proceedings of a confe~ence on the optical proponeris N3364 PrsUi Fac) LbdOengpi
of the sea are reported The subjects discussed ormiude the Physique
following I1) reflect~on and refraction of light at the sea surface. PHYSICAL FACTORS. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
42, refractive index fluctuations on sea water. 1311the theory ofEFCTO TH PR A ATO OFLGTI SA
small angle scatteric~q. (4) underwater visibility and imaging (SI WATER
sourCes Of light for undei'*atcr illumination. (6) long range vision Alexandra Ivanoll Ir AGARD Optics of the Sea (interlace and
techniques, and (7) spatial filtering and image restoration I-r,,rI-aerTrnmsinndIang Au 193 45 p refs
indlividlual titles, see N73-33620 through N73-33638 in FRENCH (Fur availability see N73-33619 24-23)
Definitions are given of parameters pertinent to chsracteriZ-
N73-33620 Centre National d'Etudes des Telecom munications. ing the optical properties of turbulent and pure sea water Various
Iisy~los.Moulrn oau i (France) Div des Previsions lonospheri-
quo% oticr factors
materials affecting inthethe
suspended optrcal
water substances
properties solution
of seain water and
i ncludi'ng
INTRODUCTION TO THE ELECTROMAGNETISM OF THE incidence of refraction are discussecP Oat? are also given 0i

I SEA JINTRODUCTION A LELECTROMAGNETISME IDES the Spatial and temporal distribution of optical properties
MERBI Tiansi b-.- E H W%
P Halley In AGARD OJptics of the See (Interlace and in-Water
Transmission and imaging) Aug 1973 36 p iefs ;ii FRENCH N73.33626 Tetra Tech Inc Pasadena. Calif
iFo- availability -tee N73-33619 24-23) REFRACTIVE INDEX FLUCTUATIONS IN SEA WATER
The0Debye theory of polarization of liquids was used to Henri 4lodara In AGARO Optrcý of the Sea (Interface and
ý.%ckilate real permittivity and conductivity of the sea Also. visib4li In-Water Transmission and Imagir-gi Aug 1973 14 p refs
light temperature measurements ovete used to Observ superficial ýFor availability see N73 336 19 24 231
terriparature and chemical composition Of the sea surface The Mathematical methods for predicting the effects of thermil
effects 01 surface emissitivity. reflactiosi. and refracron are and saline inhomogeneities on Optical imaging systems are
discus .ed Transl by E H W presented Temperature and salinity variations cause corresponding
fluctuations in the refractive index resulting in) loss of resolution
c
N73-162 IntaueOcenogaph CoenhgenFormulas are developed (or the refractive index changes in terms
(Dnm3ark) nttl oFsilOengrpy opnae of their gradient with respa,.) to salinity and temperature it is
RADIANCE DISTRIBUTION BELOW THE SEA SURFACE stated that a dual-scan system is fairly immune to temperature
and slinily fluctuations Author
Kleil N--ga~d Ini AGARD Optics of the Sea (inrerlace and
In Wiater Transmission and Imaging) Aug 1972 22 p tefs N73-33626 Oregon State Univ Covallis School of Oceanogra-
(For availability see N73-336 19 24 231 phy
Radiance distributior as a function of depth are the most VARIATION OF OPTICAL SEA PARAMETERS WITH
basic radiometric quantities for iescribing the structure of the DEPTH
aiealobl wtheseasurfceihelad
Immeiatlyanld ins th uperace ayesfoftheseaJ
istibutonisoad
threTansispinradlIayinrAu RoaldVicnevadfl
Rldnfaraiaton AhRD OticaattIetea 193 22he
rntelac

chiefly daeteririnsd by the radiance distributtion aolove the surface refs (Fur a~ailability see N73 33619 24 23)
and by the reflectingi and retracting properties of the air water The depth dependence of light scattering and attenuation
irnterface Through thespirncesses of absorption and scattering bry paramlrirtSt in the ocean are discussed The Iheoretical depenidence
the water itself and by distnlved and suspended matter the of optical parameters on the concentration. size distrio~ution andt
t
initial radiance distribution, is progjressively changt vrith increasing physical parameters of Ihe particulate matter is discussed A
depthi A survey is given o' concepts of inherent and apparent simple model for the depth dependence of particulalx matter
Optical proD0ertieS and simple models describing their interrela corcrintrations is presented Results agree qualitatively with
trons and rslations to the ra~ianice distribution trhough the observed distributions Tte interrelation Of Optical parameters
classical lime-indepeindent esquation of radilitive .ansfor are panitle concontratio -and hydrographic parameters A' obtained
presented Some experimental liata are presented and discuss-ed frorn xperrmental observations in several areas is discussed
A brief account of the polarization of the underwater lighrt field Author
is 9, o AuthorN73-33627 Centre dle Pecheruhes Ocean 7,giaphrqlues. VIl
I N73-33622 Centre do Recherches Oceanog'aphialiies Vii
lefraneho-sur Mar (France) Lab dOceanbogiaprire Physiquel
lefranche-sur-Mer; IFrancei
DIFFUSION OF LIGHT BY SEA WATER. EXPERIIMENTAL
BRIEF ON THE TAEORIES OF RADIATIVE TRA~NSFER. RESULTS AND THEORETICAL APPROACII ('IFFUSION
APPLICA7ION To PROPAGATION IN TH4E SEA )APFERCL( V L LUAAIFFE PAP IFS FAUV OF MFR RFSULTATS
SUIR LES THEORI2S DU TRANSFERT RADIATIF APPI.I- EXPERIMkNTAUX ET APPROCHE THEORIQUEI
CABLES A LA PROPAGATION DANIS [A MEN] Andre Morel -In AGARD Optics of the Sea (Interface and
L Pixaur and A Morel in AGARD Optics of the Sea llnteriace In-Water Transmission and Irragrigi Aug 1973 73 1, ratsI
and in-Water Transmission and Imaging)t Aug 1973 25 p in FREFNCH tFor irvailaiiiliri, yea N73 336;? .4 23i1
refs In FRENCH (For A's~asbdoiy sae N73 33619 21-231 Several theories -Rayleigh Rlayleigh-i,.ýns and Mire used
Several theories on ilire propagation of electromagnetic waves to Calculate lightl propagat.un in sea ývatei as a function of
 242 23 PHYSICS. GENERAL

ahrowpirron and diffusion are discussed The effects of polarization. N'31-33633 Tatra Tech Inc .Pasadena, Calif
pollydiaperseod and spherical pariicles, and long wave radiat~on SrjRCES: ARC, FLASH. INCANDESCENT AND LASER
ar also discussed Definitions of various parameters used and LAMPS
esgperimental results are given in an appendix Transl by E H W Henri Hodare and
Sea (Interface and Willard
In-WaterH Transmission
Wells In ACARD Optics otAug
arid Imaging)l h
N73-33628 Tetra Tech. Inc Panadena. Calif 1973 17 p refs (For availability see N73 33619 24-26)
THEORVI OF SMALL ANGLE SCATTERING The major classes of incoherent and coherent sources of
Willard H Walls In AGARD Optics of lho Sea (Interface and light for underwater applications are discussed A performance
In-Water Transmission and inagingi Aug 1973 19 p refs comparison figure for lamps is devweluped based on the square
(For availability see N73-33619 24 23) root of the round trip light attenuation from lamp to camera
The fundamental description of light scattering by particles taking into account the source. the medium, and the receiver
in sea water is presentea The volume *scatering function is spetral Sensitivity It is stated thaIt the selection of a lamp is
defined as the amount of light scatlered per meter into a differential dictated by efficiency In that respect. incoherent sources are
loilid angle in a given direction For multiple scattering a derived superior to lsears (fo most underwatert illumination applications
quantity called the point spread function is needeid to describe Author
the intensity blur distribution at a given range Numerical
roeltronships are developed to show the effects of various N73-33634 TetrA Tech. Inc Pasadena. Calif
parameters on visibility conditions Author RECEIVERS: PHOTOELECTRIC AND PHOTOGRAPHIC
DETECTORS
*N73.314129 Tetra Tecri. Inc.- Pasadena. Calif Henri Hodara and Wrilard H Wells In AGARD Optics of the
EXPER.,AENTAL RESULTS OF SMALL ANGLE SCjArT1II- S.a (Interface and (In-Water Tranismission. arid Imaging) Aug
ING 1973 15 p (For avuailabilrty see N73 33619 24-23)
Henri Hodara In AGARO Optics of the Sea llnterface anid A procedure for comparing photo-electronic and photographic
*In-Water Transmission arid Imagingi Aug 1973 17 p refs detectors is discussedl The tilterion is Irased on the product of
(F'oravailability see N73-336 19 24-23) the signal to noise iatio end the spatial biandwidthh The subjects
The characteiaristics of light scattering at large angles. small discussed are (1) fundamentals for comparing detector perform-
angles. and very small angles For each of the angular rerjes. since. (21 units for measuring resolution. (3) characteristics of
the relative contributions from refraction and dilfiactior are photoelectronic image detectors, and 141 characteristics of
calculated 1: was determined That large angle scattering is r lostly photographic film us-ed with photoefectionic equipment Author
due to diffraction, While refraction is responsible at smell ang-.eS
The results of scattering measurements by point spread fur.,nton
and by modulation transfer funictroni are presented Author
N73-33635 FICA Service Co Inc Patrick AFB Fla
UNDERWATER LENSES AND OPTICAL PORTS
N73-33630 Te!ia Trtc' 1-cPasu'te'> Cai-l iewoonra F Ivilo-rn In AGAR~i Onrir in the Soa Ilnterface
FACTORS AFFECTING LONG RANGE VISION aridl ir- Walsi airsrsir.id
Iragrirwi Akug 1973 25 p
Willard H Wells In AGARD Optics of the Sea (interface and refs (For availability see N73 33519 24 23i
In-Water Tr~nsnsissron and imcgingi Aug 1973 t0 p is~s Gasic theoretiral and praictical aspects of using lenses and
(For avarlabilrty see N73-336 19 24 23ý ports in underwater ima~rorg si,-tems are reviewed Terminotogy
The various phenomt . which affect long range underwater is defined and loim-ilas, fur estimating fietd of view dislorlion
vrsion are discussed The most imporiant factors are ill decay and other aberrationrs are presented Several types of optical
of light in narrow and broad beams (2) light backscattered from systems for correcting rbeoations are reviewed The depth of
particulate matter 13) return lirgit whose image information is f.ied and relative ape~ture ace compared for several lens port
scrambled by snall angle scatter enroute to !ne detector (41 -orribinations Appi~citions of shot- tocal length long focal leoigth
the statistics of detected photons and (5) s*.jnal to noise ratio and supplemnteiary :enses are reviewed Authcr
criteria for imaging Mathematical models ai~epiresenrted to show
T
the effects of the various factors Author N73-33636 Tetra ech Inc Pasadena Calif
LONG RANGE VISION TECHNIQUES
Willard H W/ells Inn AGARD Optics in the Sea tInterface antS
N73-33631 Tetra Tech Inc Pasadena Ca:f In-Water Trans.,-ss,coi ar-ir Imanjingi Auq 1973 13 p elos
CRITEMIA FOR VISION RESOLUTION. SIGNAL TO-NOISE ýFor avaifabrih:v see N73 33619 24 231
RATIO CONTRAST Techr-i-jues for tong dinge vision are discussedt Two methods
t
Henri Hodara In AGARD Opitics iif the Sea Interface and range gating and d-ba scar, -sth paralla, are described The
In-Waler Tisrismissior. and Imaging- Airg 1973 13 p rets treatmerit assumes unsaturated photoelicctronrr detectors thaI
(For avarlebibly see PJ73-33619 24-23) are limited by photon, oiise riot coitrtast A range gaiti! s,,stem
The vision criteria of resolution signal to noise ratio end with radar like pultses offers the ultimate solution Icr long range
contrast are discussed The concepts are apotied to calculate vision as far as eiqht attenuation leingths anti betorid viii.h badly
the ultimate resolurion of underwater imaging s~tstems It is stated degraded resolitori The best alternative to range gating is a
that a signal to noise ratio or five is sufficient to ensure image dual scan system ini wh-cir the rttumnaritni art receiver are
quallity Mather-rrat-cal modelIs of the factors affecting underwater separated for parallar Tfhe pia-i-cat hunt is abiout seven attenuation
vitron are developed Author lengths untes-, rangye lyalriio is d Jdent to eliminate luminance in
nearbi waler Author

N73-33632 Tetra Tech Inc Pasadena Calif

MEDIJM AND SYSTEM TRIANSFORM FUNCTIONS N73-33637 Tt ra Te:J,f Inc Pd. teria Calif
Wrllrsrd H Wells in AGARD Optics of the Sea Intierlace anti SPATIAL FILTERING AND IMACE RESTORATION
in Water Transmrission and lmýgrniyi Auci 1973 16 p (For Henri Ifodara Ir, A6rARf optic-. of the Sea (interlace and)
aelieiabrly see N73 33619 24-23) in WAtiin Trans.. ssioii arid Iman-inryn Aug 1973 12 p I For
The application of Fourier techniques to calculate the spread a.-.aartalilty se N. -3 3361t9 24 231
of scattered light surrounding other distributions is di~scu~ssed for Thre eirporiertita deprendence of the ocean transfer function
4
cd,6& of a (.ircutar sp4r,;.zboar- Cjui&aýip~afitc aid r
nun in,-2. _3-n her , mupe ri:-toralioni are iluscusilid
tiiir-iir
linear stripe The quantities needed for round trip propagation An inverse fltie to restore photogqrapih% of flhocrdl- targets t~urred
from ttransmiter to receiver are defined A tofrmura for particle by turbulence isý descinfied aridi tire hnnun!5tori a o analyzed The
backscalerrng is deietotted A table of blur arid offset distributions resoluiUtori neWgarialt, rrtty bi a nnratirleliween fitter and
and It,@ related Fourier transforms and transfer tunctions is merlirirr rinlr ur Iri..... r ioalde~if NIr signal to nurse
included Aulhior ratio irrjit neil I-i acir-e-r souw ni rii estrira rniir airatyeilJ Auth,.ir
23 PHYSICS, GENERAL 243

%73-33838 Teroa Tech. ,nc PPasadena. Calil

FORTRAN ALGORITHMS fFOR UNDERWATER OPTICS
WillaIrd H Wells In AGAR) Optics of the Sea lInterface and
In-Waler Transmission and "maing) Aug 1973 17 p (For
availability tore N73 33819 24.23)
The applicationr of FORTRAN algorithms for ud.9erwoatr optics
is discussed The functions performed by various subroutine$
are described An example of a complete computer program is
provided The selected program has utility for fundamental studies
of water properties II accepts a number of point spread functions
measured at diflfrent distances and computes the spatial
frequency decay function from each of thcm Au',hor

Ii
 - -- i .

24 PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR. AND NUCLEAR Preceding page blank 246

24 PHYSICS, ATOMIC. MOLECULAR,

AND NUCLEAR
Includes atomic, molecular and nuclear physics For
aplaicsteOn wee 22 Nuclear Enomneenng For related
info-mmtoon see also 20 Space al4iation,

NO SabtraCtS n IhiS Subect category

LI

* I
.S' ..' , il
26 PHYSCS, PLASMA Preceding page blank 2J7

25 PHYSICS. PLASMA
Incluh, m;;lnjOhydrOdynamict For applicsoos . 28
Propulamon Svstetifl

No abstract5 -n t s subject category

Io

I
*26 PtKYSICS, SOLID-STATE Preceding page blank 249j

26 PHYSICS, SOLID-STATE
Inctiader sesorcml.,dcr theory. r.-W supierConduCtrvity For
*WIc~hons se 16 Mb'4rs For voiated informetion set
8480 10 EWIFctraICS

Nz,abstracts in INS~ subject cak,.or'y

 2-1 PROPELLANTS Preceding page blank25
27 PROPELLANTS N72-116720 Shell DevelOptrm'Sn CO "me"-vlla. Calif
COOLING OF ADVANCED ENGINES GY ENOOTNIRMIC
REACTIONS OF HYDROCARSON FUEL.S
Includes fuels. ignnters. anid Oxidizers Far be"i reseArch I Faith. G Ht Ackermaon. arid N T Henderson In AGAPRO 0
Aug 1571
sea 06 C1hemistry. amd3 hrndnmo n onu-L
ropusio Aircraft Fuels. Lub'icants. and Fira Safety
toan ilt d 33intiansi alesod 28 onsored bry AFAPL 4S0o N72-l 1S6d 02-27)
faor Spae
Systim nomti. e 102 P~uloir
Systems Avail NTIS NC SO O/MF 5096
The fuel waed ir, an enginle is a convenienrt coolant.
heat to seinsible hoal and tlaent heat of weponvoatso
N72-lisselfebsoring Aeaaasrct, and Certain hydrocart~ov fuels con furnish ddncltioral hfirt link itA the
N?.t16S~ Advisory Group for Aerospace
Fracs)firimr Pais
Oeveopfant of ertdothermic reactions Possible erdidothoermic rectiorie
AIRCRAFT FUELS. LUBRICANTS. AND FIRF.SAFETY include thermal reactiors such as cracking. and catalytic reactiorre
Aug 1971 401 p refta Preaented at 37th Meeting of the such esodahdrogenalion dohydrocyclitstion. and daePotymeias.
AGARO Propulsion arid Energetics Panel. The Hague. 110114 May Ilan Of these. the catalytic ilzhydrogosrltiori of naplhehanee to
OrOmat-rd $ the nmoat p~romrising type of .0actior for exampie.
1971 the of mstr'ylcyclohoeane over platrnurn/aturhimie
(AGARO*CP84 71)1Avail NTIS IC SOO0jMFS 9
($#hydrogenation

Papers are presanted on aircraft fusel, their production catalyst furnisshes a reaction heat sink of approximnatelty 1000
analtysis, aria testing Fuel handling, fuel and fire Safety, arid Otu.,Ib fuel, whil-h to Slightly groster tha-% the cooling caipacity,
"ibricents, are also discussed. using imnpact tests and crash due solely to sensible heat arid tltent heel of voporlitiisof This
simnuletiorie For individual titee. see N72- 11609 through reaction is very selective arid proceed, tapidly to achieve high
N72-1 1701 conversion of mothyltcyclohoxone to toluene and hydrogeon The
total host sink for Such a reaction systerm compareos favorably
with thiat of hydroger *'en these heat Simko are normaelized by
the heat Of Combuatir of the fuel Author
N72-11069# National Aaesaerc,- Council of Cendas. Ottawa
(Ontario) Fuel$ arid Lubricants Lao N72-.11673# Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton. Ohio
JET FUEL SPECIFICATIONS APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE

L Gardner arid R 1S Whyle in AGARD Ai(rcret fuels. ANALYSIS OF ADDITIVES AND CONTAM4INANTS IN

Lubricants, arid Fire Safety Aug 197 1 1t p refs 1S* ADVANCED HYOROCARBQN FUELS
t172-i i685 02-271 W G3 Scirioner In AGARD Aircraft Fuels Lubricants, and Fire
Variou- rnilitaerr and Civil jet fuel speciftictone are compared Safetrtt F3615-971
u 7 rfs(SeN7.128S 2
arid their differenices ricled. parinfCulariv with reference to different ACntacl tI F3316S9.CMF3S)
a mriadstoli,' or entionslAalNI C OO, F$9
types of additives which or* used on an tst thof frtrorta-44;rA raprd method based on a specific on electrode techripiue
basi roctwie
Spcifcatin
rolation to lirmits are discustsd and the increased comnplexity ul was adopted and verified for the determination ofA rnitcrograrhie/g
mneasuremfent
isnotd
cntrl fo jetfue
qualty speifiatios AuhorQuantitiles in fuel of a fluor~ne-coitaining additive
oniol or et s nted
uelspeifiatins
Qualty Auhormethod for rig g lelvels of lead in hydrocarbon fuels is deescribed.
and the nioniniterference of allowed fuel additives I* dormnsritrotod
Examples aera*lso cited where polar comnpound contaminants ata
do lAoronauticlue.th mirgriglelwre soadadidnfedb
N72-1116700 France Service Technmusu
AEoNATCLllsFC NE OF PLCCI cornbinatiOn of column chromatiography and infraerd apectrnopho.
AEROAUTIAL
SGNIFCANC OF OLYCCLICtornstry Various factors which must be considered in fimerthod
SATURATED HYOROCARSONS JINTERET AERONAU- adaptation are reviewed, end the need for close commuwnicatiori
TIQUE 0ES NYDROCARSU RES POLYCYCLIQUEE between the fuel handling enigineer and the analyst tw expedite
SATU RE S Author
the solution of fuel contamination probleme is etressed
1 Verdic /A AGARD Aircraft Fuels. Lubricantsl, end Fire Safety
G
Aug 1Q1i? p~ relal fin FRENCH (So# N72-11668S02.27)
Avail NIIS HC $8OO!MF S0OOR N12-11674# Doulccho Forachungt. und Vere~ucholinoalt fuor
Luft und Reurnfohrl. Munich (West Gerrmany) Inot fuer
The range of ernairplane depends On the amnount Of energy
tsed When reservoir capacity is too limilted, it is PO~ltbIO tO Flugtreib- urid Schm-rersolff,1
F I extend the rerige by using a higher energy fuel in this t4ione. THE POSSIBILITIES OF AC (UALLY TESTING THE9
E high energy polycyclic Saturated hydrocarbons 0-0 poetilit fuels COMSUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OP A "IATIUrN FUELS
for supersonic aeronautics in the nosr furure. esoecially fincil WITH APPROPRIATE EQUIPMENT
their thermnal Stability is superior to that of present fuel* N Gemporlsin In AGARD Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants. and Fire
are presented
Essential fuel chifreclonsticaindustrial together with the Safely Aug 197 1 1 1 p ratfo (See N72 -1166 0 02.27 )
results of experitnentation fabrication problems and Avail NTIS NC SO 0OOIMF 50 95
which cornbistion characteristics of aviation fuels are being
test., Ti%;,roeltionenii of the chorm:cal coniltiltutiOn of t0o fuels
N72-1116710 Shell Reosearch. Ltd. Cheater llngeonol Thornton end tieir chemical -physrcal oropentras. anid the proceasee during
R eseaarch Centre prepseetron arid combustion of fuel is determnined Inveestigation
FUELS FOR SUPERSONIC AND NYPFRSIONIC AIRCRAFT as Conducted at different air end fuel temporeluree arid at
A Lefwis. N Strawsoii. end J G Kirtley Ir, AGARO Aircieft difeferntly high pressures in the combustion chamber in a
Fuels. Luibricor-Is. end F Fie Saefty Aug 197 t 12 p ette paraliel flow Temoraoiflly consecutive processes during fuel
%oonsotred in part by Min of Aviation Supply (See N72-11660 pieporar-i)n and comnbustion masy also t~e sppucilly separated and
02-27) thereby pirovide for a measurwrement with customrnay probes aso
well asspectroscopic metilhOds Author
Avail NTIS NC 56O0 MP 5096
The first generation of Supersonic aircraft is being designed
N72 111S70e Oise Univ (Italy) Ltb Pruve Cornbustibili
Ioopeists, on existing kotoilenetypie twat* The I Mitstionq Of
'h"fuels are reviewed end posbimsconsidered for propellonte LOW EMIS1SION FUELS AND %[VIME FOR AVIATION
EN1INIES
(or lrge~be1aircraft. ýGrw~r. :ii! ?::plt -V'Poet of ciooing tire
G3 Nord, It, A0A'O` Aircraft Fuels Lubricants, end Fire Sffetry
airframe. cooling engine cornponentts. and providin~g Propulsive
energy Problemse of vapor deposit," ini hOt fret1 systlms are Aug 1971 13 p tts
r ~SOe
N72-11000e 02-27)
Avaii NTIS HC SO00; MF 50 95
covered and the poee4ibiliried, explored of Inicreasing the cold-s-ink
vgluo of the fuel bry precooling or by ondothormric decomnposition Meducrio - of hsrmtui ermiiss~ons of turblne anprie exhaus~t
Th-i calorific values of differunt fulscaend the -nrportance of ytnisried . ypofuluedc butochnbs.4
It rocobnst.miloir of rtiseocilstd coirbustion oaiodicil is streased and oparetiirg conditions of co-rIbuslor, are also iflvesii~t~to
Author Author
Wayst of speeding o-icf. *l-Ombin6tII~-r.er indicated
 25~ 27 PROPELLANTS

N72.llS7Se National Research Council of Canada. Ottolew N72-lGslp Air Force Syotems Commrand. Wright. Pattersont
[Contsiro) Fuels aind Lubricants Lab AFS. Ohio Altr. ProPuillor Lab
FUEL CLEANLINESS FLAMMABILITY PROPERTIES OF JET FUELS ANO
L Coroner inAGARO Aircraft Futile. Lubricants. end Fire TECHNIQUES FOR FIRE AND EXPLOSION SUPPRESSION
IAvail NTIS x4CS00MF 5096 S P Botter rIn AGARO Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants. and Fire
Dual purpose filter i wogrstars were developed *h.Ch Could Safety Aug 197171 1 p tote (Sea N72.1141SS 02-27)
remove both dint and wiater Improvements in the performance of Avail NTIS fC 56 00, MF SO 96
filter/9epretore was achieved by compliance with inrcreasingly Result$ of investigative *ffori& to eiltabilsh the pr&Ctical
eqxreretootecrficaticona Methods of determinling undissolved **lte flammability envelopes ano associated combustion damage
an~d dent in 1.1el end their development both for filtsr/gosep~loi potential for conventional let fuelff such as .JP4, IP-8 (simnilar toI
tesrting enid fied use are discussed Fuel contaminationl by JET A. 1). and JPS6 under simulated hostile operating environment
microorganisms and eurfectsonta has led to siarcus too". of conditions are presented Testing included liquid-space gunfire
esrereft Co'roeonooand filter plugging Measures to -ontrol or hit* to "a"es external fire hazard and vertical (lIquill to vapor)
eliminate these two contaminants oet idiscusged Author firing trajectories to determine esplos.oti hazard associated With
,n initorumented replice target tanks varying in volume from '16
N72.111117i Lucas Go@ Turboilvs Equipment Ltd . Surflley it) 00 gallons Principal test vaiilsblee were fuel tempeirature

ILuibricanta.
[Engiandl pressaure. fuel depth. eptarnal void apace. and internal end
FUEL RESLATEO PROBLEMS IN Air-CRAFT FUEL SYSTEMS external air flow Ali lest* were Conducted utilizing 0650-caliber
S L Forghsm end il G Beckett fIn A3ARD Aircre" t (,I, armor piercing incendiafry prolectiles These testsi indicateI
aind Fire Safety Aug 19711 14 o reef (So# consadsrabill extension in the flermmablity range of ail fuels
1472-1 1660 02-27) compared to the eQuilibrium flamrrrgbiry limit values which Ate
Avl NTI C SB 00 MF S0 95 commonly utldized for lfer safety analysis In view of the btir and
Aicraft fuel problems are dilicusaeod. emphasizing problems explosion potential exhibited by all conventional lot fuels.
egaci~eteed with hydrogen treated fuels Some of the problems additional measures rmuat be employed to achieve on effecie
were Overcome by fuel system design modificetrwon. en~d other fire-protection capability Prcgrzese in the use of reticulated
changee aer reviewed which were instituted by refinery indualtree pellyufelhosn foam. halogenated hydrocarbon Chemical es'.in

1N72.1141790 90 Trading Ltd London Ilingland)

AIRCRAFT FUJELLING OPERATIONS AND QUALITYN2.t1 IniltracidvPrlePisIrcl

0 R Parker In A43ARD Aircraft Fuels Lubricents. and Fire INFLUENCE OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ON SELF.
Safety Aug 1071 12 p refs ISee ff2 1 1666 02.271 IGNITION PROPERTIES OF H4YDROCARBONS (INFLU.
Avale1411 C SO W:.M
PtIS tt0So96 ENCE OE LA STRUCTURC MOLECULi..:iE SUN CE01.
Aviation fuelling facilitiee and the fuelling operation are TAINES PROPRIETES D'AUTO-INFLAMMATION DES$
described Comments on tihe types of aircraft are reel-cited to HYDROCAR~'URESI
toeaspetf ics l ofo.~i fulln G OeScoete In AGAAO Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants- and Fire
thse dieclyefetig
ueligSafety Aug 19711 12 p ref. in FRENCH. ENGLISH
summaiy See 1`172-1111668 02.271
Avail NTIS MC SG00 MFS5096
N72-1 11679 Esao Development CO. Ltd . Abirtgdon (England) The adiabatic compression Method was used to determinei
Research Centref delays inl selfignition by different hydrocarbon-arr mrixures 55
AvfiAVI0N FUEL LUBRICITY function of press-ire and tempraturetvg A cornporison of
A A Vore rIn AGARO Aircraft Fuel$. Lubricants and "re experimantal results makes it possible to evaluate the effect Oi
Safety Aug 111171113 p refs iSee Nf72 11688O02.2 7; some special molecujlar structure characteristics on the Overall
Aveil NITIS Ni;SO00iMF 5096 activation energy in particular, tile orasence of toinery carbon
A laboratory test rig was developed to evaluate European atoms and double cerbon-cerboin bcfndif results in e decrease in
let fuels with regard to lubricity This hesf ehown differences in ithi af:tiietion eneigy Teets made ovith mnixtures of Iwo different
theslubricity eoves6 of different fuel@ Active lubricity agents werte hydrocarbons show that tre kinetic parameters controlling th5
ideintifieod ef fully seturetetd hpterocyclic compol.nd. and depennii of ignition delay on temperature vary in such a wey
poynuciear warorrlice Tire addition of 6 6vtlojC aclrie addijt..a tli&t no'.1VIey Wv!h 9 m~trr-xlg lend tGo3porosch Ithat of the putie
Such af tucorrosion inhibitor also significantly improve lubric~ty componen~t having the shortest delay at theteprue
but Car' incuf conrductivity grOblems in the field Ciue to its considered Tnis phenomenon weetfound to be all the greeter es
synergestic effsets with antistatic additive The feasibility of a fuel the reltouve concentration Of this comrponent in the binary
lubricity test by chemical physical or mechanical leChniau"e are mix.ture is higher A.Ithor
*being studied Author

* f72-I1180,0 Applied Physics Lao Johns Hopkn$ Univ Silver, N 72 .1 16S3t Princeton Univ 14 Guggenheim Lab
* Spring. Ma IGNITION OF FUEI.9 BY A NOT PROJECTILE
FLAME INHIBITION CHEMISTRY 0 P Shatrme and W A Sirignano In AGARO Aircraft Fuels.
A M Fristrom and R F Sawyer /in AGARO AirCrf#M Fuels Lubiiconte end Fire Safety Aug 1971 16 p refs (See
Lubricants end Fire Safety raef (See Nf72 11066 02-271 Nf72 11668 02-271
tGrant NSF G1.12i Avail NTIS HC 56 00 . Ar So 9S
Avail INT15 NC 56 00 MVF50 95 Theoretical inveetigations were performeld by approximating
Tochnrouee involving diverts Mechanarism are employed in (I l the flow at the forward end of the projectile to a saegnation
extinguishing toemesand fireei M9chere$ms wee* d-ded mtoj flow loveards a hot axrevrnmeltrc body. (2) thes flow over its
tvio brired cotegorieso Ill Ohysicel mechanisms when machen .@I surface to a laminar flow over a hot plate and 131,the flow in
or thermal enflect. ore dorminnt anid (2) chramiCol mechanismrs the wake Of t-ie projectile to a plane lamirnar mixing of the cold
t
when Chemical effect$ era involvoe Vlp-n o.l.ng-elrrrment unreacted mixture with the hot combusotion products Aftor the
viewrmr 0 -)~
!hh In
Of~d~rn offaele', on rhe elemrentsrv premixod mixture is exhausted there is a possibility of ignition of
rea0cton processes 5 fiviewod A sirpl-ifed hyd'eigen oavqan unmixed reectents by the hot inert produCts; whiCh ale lelt
filame chemistry 56 uood as an iluslietion Thie cc rplicqtcrns behind eind are tiondwi.hed between the Oxiditer and the fuel A
introduced by Chemicai inhibtlon are pointed Oil, The crierrc6l theoreticel analysis for the ignition delay tife es a function of
kinetic nfOrmfilon in the &era Of hy~toge' arom scavenging crir the temperature end the width of the hot gee region i &,go
oxygen flsme radiCal iscombineifton 59surveyed Autinoi presented Author
 27 PROPELLANTS 253

N72i 1110so Contra N atoa do Is Asichrcher Scientilique Rf A Russel. Jr fin AGARO Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants. end Fire
Port* [France) Safety Aug 1971 100o roll (Ste N72-1 '1615 02-27)
INFLUENCE OF PROMOTERS (FIREE RADICALS) AND Avail NTIS NC S8OOtrF dOG
INHIBITORS ON DIFFUSION FLAMES (INFLUIENCE DES Crash-Safts fuel pro'gram, a segment of a primary mission to
PROMOTEURS (1RADICAUX LISRIES)I T DES INIIISITIEURS improve the overall creshwoilhiness of aircraft. to discussed The
LESa-gv CLME SDFUIN
SU .Cmbuir.CFelintoweir. reduction of trie probability and severity of fire during arircrft
and G Den~s In AGARD AircraftgrudcahsttinisloexmedAhr
Fua~s. Lubricarts and Fire Safety Aug 1971 1t1 .IDrfingrudcahrutifeialosnfidAtr
FRENCH. ENGLISH sumrmary ISa. N72-1 1668 02-27)
Avail NTIS NCS6OOOMF 5096 7-ISS SuhetRsarh nt aiAtno e
The laminer diffusion flames of acetylene with miolecular A7-1my Fulsan
4 ubriansl Research Intab a nono o
otabelized winh molPessulreoxygen paritl dissociation ofee EMULSIFIED FUELS AND AIRCRAFT SAFETY
teiniteo in
stm lw Produred vese a Powrtul dicrociateisnchfr02 W 0 Weatherford. Jr and F W Schaskel (Army Coating and
int 0 t~m y ws
Poerfl
po~uad mcrwav dichageChaem Lab) IIn AGARO Aircraft Fuels. Lubricant&, and Fire
Corncentration profiles of stable species warsi determined with a Safety Aug 1971 12 D refs ISe. 1472-1 1658 02-271
microprjbe and a mess Spjectriometer Temperature profiles were 'Contracts DAAOO6-70-C-02B0 OAAJO2-89.C-0030)
obtained from a wCilciacotted thermocouple The intensities of AalNI C50 ISB
sotctral emission wre, rworded for excited species with a A evailc HCnd
N ilomn rpis aimed at imroig6h
fames SohowsthatrTh Cmle stutr oftsedfsri poet-crash lire safety of halicopter turbine-enigine fuela is reviewed
ftrs hw htthe Comrbustion of C2H2 involvot Several rmremhsswspeeonhg-itralpae-r o6qou
rilooe The paritia dissociation of 02 errnphisails$ the SignificantPrmr m aisa.lceonhghtrapaertiIqsu
rotaplaed
tomain b he0 ombutio cf 2H2Theemnulsions Inteirelations among theological and physical
(00pae y0SOSinthiire cobsinifCH
vere properties Composition. and fire safety chrasrcteristic$ of various
influence of haelogenated iniiosi eydifferent accoiding to fuel foimulation* are discuasse rnla:-5of these results on
the kind of inhibitor and whether it is added to the Oxidizer 0,
It.* fuel Author the total safety envelope of rote-y wing aircraft aer examined
Author

N72l-t1SS Fa utscria Portch(West VacInsstt

Germad y lue' N72-1 1689s Bureau of Mingo. Pittsburgh Pas Mliring and
hLuft-ud Rem fao tPr Wa emnysntle Safety Research Canter
CONTRISUTIONTO THE SELECTION OF FIRE EXTINGUISH. FIRE HAZARD EVALUATION OF THICkENEO AIRCRAFT
ING SYSTEMS AND AGENTS FOR AIRCRAFT FIRES FUELS
J M Kuehl& .J N Muiphy. A L Furno and A 68rtkowilek fIn
A Fiala /A AGAAD Aircraft Fuels Lubricants. and Fire Safety AGARD Aircraft Fuelll. Lubricants. and Firs Safeity Aug 1971
Aug 1971 10p eotsi~ce N71-1 1668 02-277; t 1 p refs tSee N72-1 11668 02-271
Avail NTIS NC 5600 MAFSO96 Avail NTi5 mC S6 00, Nir SC gS
A fire extinguilishng~syltem in aircraft is described which Various gellad Or erniullifiad fuals were Proposed for
uses the exhaust goes of a solid propellant gas generator to reducing the aircraft croah-fire hiszsrd Result& are presented
Pressurize the extinguisiher bottlis The extinguishing efficiency of from Lonch-scole tests for screening the lueia and from large-scale
thiahotbotle-ystm
i copard wth fia ofthacurentdrop teats for evaluating their fire hazard under simulated crash
extinguishing system The amount of agent which is necessary to conditions Jet A and Jet 8 type thickenad 'u515 were investigated
extinguish a diffusion flame, was measureui for a number of Theire minimumh autoignition temperatures and burning rates
holons. dry powders, and mixtures of dfry powders and holons varied little, whereas their fleashpojrts. volatility rates. self-s~pread
The ability of agents to prevent raignition of the extinguished rates. and flame acread rates varied noticeably with either the
fuel surface by hot parts was alIsotolled Author Daaa fuel or th cxaning agent comrostiton minimum ignition
anergies are also Compared for iQuid sproys The performance of
the thickenred tue.s Particularly Jet 8 em-jleone was not vary
promiaing under impact conditions in fuel drops made from a
hi- 1686a Shell R496arirh. Ltd., Cheater (England) 15O-ft three-toy-sr facility. rha fireball size and radiation intensity
ELECTROSTATIC CHARUiING IN THE HANDLING OF vre ihipc aoiyipC nladtp lfe
AVIATION FUELS vre ihipc eoiyipc nl.adtp ife
H~ St'Swsiri anrt A LAwis In AGARD Aircraft Fu# a. Lubricants ContainerAuir
and Fire Safety Aujg 1971 1t p rels (See N72-t 108e
02-27)
Avail NTIS NC 5600 MI £095 N72-1 1690# Royal Aircraft salhmn Fmnrug-
Electrostatic charging of the fuel during fueling can result in lEnglandl Engineering Physlics Dept
the Possibility Of incendiary sparking in aircraft teanks. somne of FIRE AND EXPLOSION PROTECTION OF SL TANK
the more recent experimental results on this different phasesl of VILLAGE
this Process are presented These results confirm that in the J C.Mavonalcl andJ N W G Wyeth IniAGARO Aircraft
abseance of special precautions discharges, creating a tank Fuels. Lubricants, end Fire Safety Aug 1971 7 p resf ISee
OXscOiOeRn hazard can the
exist
fuel during aircraftis C.ontrolled,
refueling inhowever
certain N72 tOOS 02-271
circumstances Unless conductivity Avail 1NTIS HC SO 00 MF SO096
these hazurdous circumstainces cannot be prec-saly Predicted The Conditioi-S thaI can lead to on explosion within aircraft
In, use cGfa statiC dissipator additive eliminates the halard fuel lark ullcgss oig exarmined and the 3eedl for protection
Methods of introducing the additive and of maintaining the Oystemns i5 reviewed Principles employed in providing the desired
Correct conductivity during fuel distribution UrS discussed as viell degree i;f protection are Outlined Such as Oxygen reduction
a, possible Side effects and interactions With other fuel additives voror or mist metting and ciastic loam filler$ Comparison$ Wars,
On Itie basic uf world-wide airline use over man- years Made between the various flytams and their rellatve merits were
supported tby nrreny laboratory tests, it it. concludrd thaxt the aleu ýiaCussled It is concluded tihat plesti- foam 5 an affective
additive provides a safe`41.simnple and trouble-freea solution to the System Provided that Iris material is coripatible With the
Problem Author environment Liqluid nit-olgen is 01a0 attractive from the weight
aspect but could impose logistic problems Author
N72- 11 0847# National Aviation r~actihuo Experimental Center
Atlantic City N J N 72-11091.NOeutsch* ForSChungs. unid Vere..ictfsarislalutbe
CRASH SAFE TURBINE FUJEL DEVELOPMENT BY THE Luft urid Raumnfisrir Porl (West Gormanyl Intl lusr

FEDERIAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION. 19,54 1 970 utraltiee

"Il_
 254 27 PROPELLANTS

INVESTIGATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING POWDERS mY N72.11`6966 EasacOovoIormenot Co Ltd Abingdon ýEngland)

MEANS OF A NEW MEASURING PROCEDURE Research Centre
R Fiala end IS Winterfold In AGARO Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants. STABILITY OF SYNTHETIC AVIATION GAS TURBINE
and Fire Safety Aug. 1971 12 p rats (See N72-1 1668 LUISRICANTS AT looIOM TEMPERATURES
02.27) A Robsoni In AGARO Aircraft Fuels. L~ibricants. and Fire
*Avail NTIS HC SO 0O,'MF 5096 Safety Aug `19711 8p refs (See N72-1 1868 02.27)
*In order to optimisel fire extinguishing systems it is Avail NTIS HC SO DO.MF 50 96
nerceasary, to compare the esxinguishing efficiency of solid end The oavtlopmeflt of easter booed synthetic aviation lubricants
gaseous tar liquid) extinguishing agents A measuring procedure over the last 20 years is reviewed Methods of assessing the
io described which allows this direct comparison It make$ use of high temperature stability of the lubricants are described arid the
the relationship between the maximum flow velocity at the main factors controlling stability are discussed Tne suitability of
burning limit of a flamef-holder aStabilized flame and the lamninar alternative synthetic fluids is considered Auther
burning velocity of the fudl-arr-m'iiature which 's given by
DAMK5)'i !nos first number Comoorativs results achieved with
this procedure for several fire axtirigiShing agents are given
Author N72-1158Igcinstitut Franceis do Petrols. Grenoble tFrence)
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ESTERS OF TETRA-
METHYL-2.2-7.7 OCTANE DIOL-1.8 (LES ESTERS DU
N72-11692N Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farriborough TETRA METH':L-2.2-7.7 OCTANE DIOL.1.8 SYNTHESE ET
(England) Materials Dept PROPRIETESI
SIMULATED CRASH TESTS AS A MEANS OF RATING P Bodague. 13 Sillion. and G DeGoudemris, in AGARO
AIRCRAFT SAFETY FUELS Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants, and Fire Safety Aug 1971 S p
Rt E Miller and S P Wvilford In AGARD Aircraft Fuels rats In FRENCH (See N72-11668 02-27)
Lubricants, and Fire Safety Aug 197. '3 p rats IS-se Avaii NTIS HC SO 00. MF SO 96-
N72-11068 02-271 A drol of the rreopsntylic type was obtained by & series of
Avail NTiS HC SO 00 MF $0 9S simple reaction' proceeding fruni cyano-4 dimeothyl.2.2
Two tests &re described for assessing !he fire resistance of butyraldehyde Esitrer of linaer cids and CI). .a ailphs prime
Avtur containing tol1ymieric: additives which r*dues it$ ability to dimethyiated acids vaerasynthesized Their physical characteristics
form flammable mimt In the standard teat I tank containing ten were determined htrmnal stability anid resistance to hydrolysis
or twenty gallons of fuel is propelled on a rocket sled at speeds* anid oxidation in th-. ocprsence of moelss were examined
of t 14 or 186 ft. soc rid decelerated after contact with an Tranal by K PD0
aircraft arrester wire Fuel is allowed to spill from a alit in the
tank onto a series of ignition sources In the run On,test the tank
travels at speeds up to 240 htec, past a aeries of ignition N72-11697so Rolls-Royce. Ltd . Bristol [England) Engine Div
su!-Ous wh:!s %s!b;frorn a a': on' thiz !ssd:r: edgs The LUBRICANT EXPERIENC.E AND DUTIES IN A CIVIL 44
valocitias of Spilled fuel relative to the surroinding air which SUPERSONIC GAS TURBINE ENGINE
occur in these tests are Shown to be comparable to those E W Doherty in AGARD Aircraft. Fuels. Lubricants, anid Firm
Occurrirng during Survivable aircraft criobhee Author Safety Aug 1571 12 p rof (Soa N72-1 186S 02-271
Avail NTIS HC 5600 MF £096
*N72-11B93s Applied Physics Lab Johns Hortkins Univ . Silver A descripton, is presented of the Olympus 693 Mk 602 oil
Sprirng Met systemi generally. and particular reference is given to the designi
g. precautions against the oil fire risk, the use of oil in engine
*SURFACE ACTIVE CONSIDERATIONS IN FUEL FIRES failure vwarning devices, and in engina health mioritoritig Current
Richrd Tue Arcrft FelsLubicans aid ireengine
InAGAD test and flight experience with the lubricanit is covered
Richrd
AGAD 7ue Arcrft
i uel Lubicats nd ortespecral'y with -aspect to oil consumption high temperature
Safety Augr 1971 4 D refs (See N72-t11668 02.27) radw era@. prevention of oil carbon formation, mixing of
_'void NTIS r-i SO oo.. MFS9soakw
grt
lubricanta brands, erosion corrosioin effects, and policy in
Thl. problonr of efficient extinguishment of fires in burning
full$ .a dp:': ovith The use of low density water, in the !orm ofaprvlroessflucrrsAtr
foeii is considered as a means of achieving some solution$ to
the nr~chanical and physical needs involved Emphasis is placed N21ii~ etceFrcug-udVruhasalfe Gerany Iosc
nstl Nuor
on'th V t:1t;o 0f fltu-osoabon er.at ,.ch o...an Luft198 un chetMuncich (Wst
eRumf
foam requirements an~dfuel-water interfacial activities bonefitting Lugtreb ufid Schmrerst. uih Ws eray It o
fire extinguishing action Recent development and test of these EARLY STAGE DkTECTION OF OIL Ci-IANGFS IN
materials are discussed 0 LG AlICRAFT ENGINES
E Jeizein lIt AGARD Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants, and Fire
Safety Aug 1971 13 p raft (See N72 11566 02-27)
N72-1 1594'4 General Electric Coo Cincinnati. Ohio Material Avail NTIS NC SO600 MF SO096
arid Piocess Technology Labs Potential analytical matho Is for detection of chaniges ini
LUBRICANT AND FUEL INTERACTIONS IN ADVANCED aircraft turbine Oils in the early State are reported arid their
AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINES posaible advantaegs and clisadvanwages as wellt as their informative

ENBomberger 0 B Hester and M W Shseyeon lIt AGARD value are discussed in saddlior the cause of Prematured orI
Aircraft Fuels. Lubricants. and Fire Safety Aug 1971 12 po sudden oil changes rin an aifcraft engine is investigated A test
-eta Sponsored in part try NASA AFAPL and FAA (See rig for simulating such oil changes and the results obtained ore
N72-11888 02.27) discussed In Conclusion, the pOaSSbilitas11 Of a simultaneous %,ear
iNASA-CR-i-22642) Avail NTIS CSCL 11tM control of aircraft turbine Oisare urrefly expilained Author
The interactions and relationships between lubricants and
fuels and their properties as related to Systems in airCrafl gas
turbine engines aer dealt with Three areas of recent research are N72-116i9 C Office, National d Etudeso at do Re11cherchei.
cited to illustrate the impact of lubricant and fuels capabilities on Aerospatieles Paris I(Fance)
rnmo~jern ongina, iii a aotjy of the -ni~ec of lutircanr THERMAL STABILITY OF A TAI-IMETs4YL-POOPANE ESTER
properties oni turbine engine design ch8ara'0i-.trtc6 especially BASED LUBRICATING OIL [CHAMP D'APPLICATIONS
with regard to high speed cupersonic *~pDlrCOe~tio (2) the D'UNE HUILE BASEE SUP UIN ESTER DU TIRIMETHYLOL-
development of * precise eno meaningful test procedure for PROIIANEI
measuring the thermal stalbity of kerose-5 fujels and 13- the FRoyingud MvAGARD Arcraft Fuels Lubricants, and Fire
evaluation of ediancfed high temperature lubricating fluids and Sastey Aug 1971t 22 p rafe in FRENCH ENGLISH
their effects on engine bearing performance Author summary (See N72 11668 02-27)
 27 PROPELLANTS 255

Avail NTIS HC $8 00 MF $0 95
following a general Cicistion orn the increased perform-
once requirements of lubricating oils made mandatory by
increased operating temperatures. the operational pose.WIbrtes of
a trirmothyl-prooanif aster in two domains of applicationt Si*
descrbetJ The first area of application considered was 0
contventional circuit with Oil Temperature *iound 230 C By
adding appropriate additiIveSl. 6 foirmula Was de~veloped with ver~y
satisfactory characteristics. ptlrticularly in regard to Oxidarron
corrosion The Second ares of usage studied Yvas at the 380 C
level The formula appeared not to be well adopted to the now
cond~tiofla with some additions losing their efficiency However
the easterrema~ined valid as a base Z) L G

N72111700a Air Force Syistems Command. Wright Patterson

AFB Otto Aero Propuls~on Lab
SOLID LUBRICATION I-OR AERO PROPULSION SYSTEMS

M A Cheaman In AGARO Aircraft Fuels Lubricants, end Fire

Safety Avg 1971 13 p left iSee N72 1 1rIOS 02-271
Avoid NTIS NC SO00 MF $095
Self contained solid lubricated bearings we~e developed fo*
application t0 Current and future aircraft propulsion and Or
generation equipment The capability for tong life operation ova-
a wide range of temperatures in an air envirorimen' was
demronStrated The approach waest uasesolid libricants as a
sacrificial retainer inateriel in 20 mm and 35 mm bore bearings
in some cases stoinlss steel and Titanium sfhrouds were 4$*d to
Provide added strength to theoSolid lubricant retainers Lubricants
Yeare Selected based on their strengthr. oxidation friction and
wvear properties it was necessary to deviate from oil and grease
lubricated booring design to achieve 4ccePreble life Bearing
clearance, number of balls retain*r to land clearance and tall
:;-e size were 0~iie1Hundreds and in some cesese
thousands 01 hour$ Of life waeti demnonstrstad Auth~or

N72-11 1701s BP Benim und Petroleum AG Munich iWest

Germany)
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS FOR SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT

H .0 C-orn In AGARC Aircraft Fuels Lubricants and F-ra

Safety Aug iP71i 6 r, (See N72-1 186 02-27)
Avail NTIS NC $8 00 MF SO095
Classifications end cneracterisrics of :ynthetic soro turbina
oils are reviewed These oils are Classiifred as type I and type 2
lubricants The type Ilubricant& are datfnod as blends ot a
dialler boSeelack and oir additive package Although still being
uiled in lot engines, their use in advanced turbines is Considsred
to be lryimite Ly marginal resistance to thermal and oxidative
Strees Type 2 lubricant$ dtvoi(;pad to imset one inc-assed
reoui'smaents of more sophrstristed aircraft are defined as
blands of a hindered tri- or tetraclter boestock end an additive
package The burden pleced on These lubricants by suitanoid
flight at Supersonic Speed* is discussed. and the development of
an advance Complax ester lubricant with a novel additive
package for Mach 2 -engines is reported 0 LG
N72-27811I. National Research Council ol Canada. Oittawa
,Ontario) Fuels and Lubricants Lab
TECHNICAL EVAlUATION REPORT ON PROPULSION AND
ENERGIFTICS PANEL 37TH MEETING ON AIRCRAFT
FUELS. LUBRICANTS. ANU FIRE SAFETY
R e Whyte and L Gardner Parirs AGARD May 1972 9 p
loss
tA(,ARD AIR 44,i Avail NTIS HC S3 00
The discussions which took place at a meeting (in aircraft
I-jels. lubricants aid lire safety are presented The subtects
,iscusired are It) fuels prodictiori analysis and testing i2i fuel
handling (31 lubricants and i4) tire safety research [It was

tu~u ~ h t 10'- da p, h ý1 ..
 26 DtROPULSION SYSTEMS Pe digp e l k257

28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS
the estimation Comparison between experimental and theoretical
results -erily the sal dity of this method for short and nmedian

Include~s air breathing. electric- liquid. wltfd and magnetio. length operafions Transi by G G
hydrodynamic propulsion For nuclear propulbicn see 22
Nuclear Engineeuring Foe bas'c research see 23 Ph~VrsiN113 xRolRycLd so fnad BstlEge
General, and 33 Thermodynamics and CombrustionifFor N7-v 77a Rlsoc t itltnlniBitldgn
applications sea 3 1 Space Vehictes For related information Di
s", also 27 Propsellants OLVi'PUS 593 TURBINE COOLING
M J Hollai.ý! in AGARD High Temp Turbines Jan 1971 21t p
rets iSee N7 t 173, 2 (17-28)
N? 1 732e rou durs;'
forAerspae Reearh ad -ad NTIS HCS6O0/~MFZ.95
N71-737se
ý,opr dv-s,,
fr Arosace eserchandTurbine cooling eftectivreess :nrd efficiency are defined
Developmeirr Paris jFarcil for rubsequent use In descriptions of cooling performance The
HIGH TEMPERATUR; TURBINES factors affecting the choice of cooling design point and :lip sources
Jan t971 S87 p re's Presented at the 36th Meeting of the o on i r rcse atclrteueo t tg l
AG-.-l0Proplsin
ad EnrgeicsPane Flrene 2125 ep ompressor air in place of compressor delivery air is showi'. to
1A97C0 7 1 vilNI CS 0M result in lower rotor blade temperatures for the H P turbine The
(AGAD
A~f CP73
ND 7)
HCS0C 1FSOl dle'-i'i en~vyonnierts art. 'equrietnents foi luv br-e staltr ariA r0t0r
Cooling techniques for turb~nt blades of h~gh temperature blad~es ade ri frisv) ouq'ýtler s-. tti the nr.po~tawc, 0 combustion
aeronautical r~as turbine engines Advanced cooling methods and -tranibii- te qdrNci w3tiwe cr proiotes The Ijr~b~ir rotor Arid
ti)e appilicatron. of improved neat resistant materials are discussed tato- 3ifs~e:o-,,~rrr -corurt! a-1i ae fl-ii, ci irveritorial iC,
For individual titles. see NIt 1 7373 through N71 1t7404 ofl . SirI.r InaI-cpl.it'ts
of.oir~ri ,iv to..elr'e;
ivlr iirrra'i of ti~er cool,")i pirtatoinnrce Author

N71-17373N Societe Natronale d Etude et ode Constructron de Sinces37 usxUivBiho ýgacl colo ple
Moteurs d 'ýviatron Villaroche !Francei HEAT TRANSFER INSTRUMENTATION
HIGH ENTRY TEMPERATURE TURBINE ON A B Turner lo AGARD High Temp Turbines Jan 1971 18 p
TURBOREACTCRS AND GAS TURBINES IDES HAUTES Il Se 7 7320-8
TEMPERATtURE S DEVANT TU RBINE SU R AvaIl NT IS HCS6 00 MFSO 95
TURBOREACTEURS ET TURBINES A GAZI A brief ievierv of heat transfer instrumnentation with pariicular
P Ales nr AGARO High Temp Turbines Jan 1971 14 p atte-rtion to the requirements of tIe gas turbine engineer is
AvIl
FRNCHS (CSee 0011737S
7 28 resonted The "ork is focused primarily on heat fluxmeteis.
AvllNTS
F o CS
5ennIev,,t
0, nrnt in mcthod-, Of terperat'ure rt'a'remeo! an-
High entry temperatures for gas turbine engines decrease thermocopleI inszallalion errors in this ratter section a numerical
specific wear and always augmerti reduced pressures so that gals procedure for the problem of sensors embedded i.- chulation Channels
turbines can compete with Diesel engines in operational 5peetdtguhrvrhsm orttn idpertor o
performance Studies on tuibocompressois ,jith increased inlet tpcleape nh rdpru ufcsAto
temperatures showed that specific power in simple an~d I ubletpiaeamesnsoiardoousracsAhr
fluxes of moderate expansion ncreas -d and that all compressor N7 1-1 737811 Office National d Etudes et doe Recheirhes
double flux expansion rates were augmninezi threefold IncreasedAeoptasPriFace
temperatures at turoine inlets auigment compression and -mp~ove HEAT FLUX MEASUREMENTS ON FIXED TURBINE
the efficiency of compressron diluting elements Trarisl bý GGLLS MSRSD LXD HLU U UE
FIXES DE TURBINE SI
Jacques MiCirair :,r AGARD ilti' Temnp Irirbiones Jan, 19371
N71-17374m National Gys Turbine Estublishi-ent Pysosoclr 9 0~ ,irs 1,, FRENtCH L-46LISH See N~71 -17372
i;r~rr
lEng~and) 07 28-
HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATtONS FOR TURBINE BDLADE Avail NTIS iC S6O0jN-F So 95

uhmand J
DESIGN
P Edwards AGARO
Intperr'rnrrIt'ii i ~ultbtained j,. a set -,rinclrrrr.n a
J in High Temp Turbines Inrireratll hl.rt leirite~atiie cor..rhirstIor, cmnarrber -1300 Kr and

Jan 1971 18 p refs S~eeN7 11-t7372 07-281 I-so stage ý 0It Ifue 1 0131C .areCprese nt~edn I lursSts age .is used
Avail NItS HCS600.MFS095 as a dr-trrbiroi the ithre, One lurriny9 the from pirvallel to its
The operating temperature of a cooled turbine bfarfe. depends irPSlram direction at the r1utle Hriii transfer and lo-al cetira-ge
on the heat transfer rate from the hot gas streamt the heatlotrrnt Obitarirrit -01tt anr irlrsIrca- 'ii at- irutritrin of 0 2 antI
conduction within the metal and the heat convectiron to the coolng a Rer oulit 25 000 wcr c-i tic, Cr31aict
(Arrc-i Aut(hl,
air Disscussed are methods of calculatin~g these factors and theniI
appticatron to blade derign Toe effect of cooling orn turbine
performance rs also nonsilereC Author N71-1 7379. Der-nctie, Fwrrciro-rnr .i-1 - ii~~! n
Lultl und Rarinitahitl Elrris'.%rk I'Act ii -s:,
Ii' u'se:

Iý
Lirttsnrnnjeriife Antinniti
N71-17375# Societe Nationale 0 ntide ef ite Corrstriictr'n ido TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS WITH THERMOCOUPLES
Moteirs dAviaton V-1ilaroirnneFair~er INCLUDING ERRORS CAUSED BY CATALYTIC EFFECTS
TEMPERATURE DETERMINATIONS IN THE BLADtnE OF P tryrr --
.AGARD I-njri T-irt;nrr"-, Jd-r 197 t
Hr,rnr
CONVECTION COOLED TURBINES ;DETERMINATION rely 'See N'71 17372 07 28,
DES TEMPERATURES DANS LES AUBES DES TURBINES Avail NTIS IIC $6 00 %A-FSO 95
REFROIDIES PAR CONVECr't")N I Several rietl~rods to; i tl ir'.t'l rni
i- , -,-n-',i'rt

I
1,1_c.n.on !-"AGARhLr rinyrne7--Vmni....n..
e, j-~n 1 t27
!3.... -..
rets, In FRENCH (See N7 1 1737207 Z~i thrieinoconrplcs Gi~iii totoroyatir Ij-d~,:
'Ii~, ii:ir. iulr

Avai NTIS I-C $600MFSG 95 toft. a- - Cirtrnn A-,r c rti"tt"n ' c- tc

A rnathematical 'method is proesented

I
for cal-rilatrirr -he ase ()' -- r9i 1frn
A):., thetii'inr-ir'ln'1, ts'~I-. n
temperature. ilstribr;0on in a coir-nevlrs er- Colir rir:-r c tlarli by ctal-drt.r. eltei15 MlI. st-itn;tI riti 'tsjii5 IC 'riZrii
considering the tenrrper3utiie constraints mposed rloflarle infe in h-trsii.. tire ryit,'if a irA nr. isi'i'
 258 28 PROPULSION SYSTEM,-

layer of the probe initiated ug the catalytic influencze of the Nil -1383. Sussex Univ Brightoin Er-gland't School of Applied
Sciences
platinum surface The reproducible catalitic effects. whichi-ntiate 0-
force reactions ina gaseous fuel-airr-mrxture aie dependent on the:TASIAIN-OLDTRIE
exteinal flows condtrnons gas temperature- gas veloci~y furel aiiratio F j Baylcy and A B Turner Iin AGARO High Teirp Turbines
and the dlistributioan and evaporation of the fuel Coating the n~oble Jin t97t t6 pi rely See Nit 17372 07 28:
t
Autthoi Avail NTIS HCS $00 %IF 50 95
metal surfaces with 41203 avoidJs the catalytic- ef ects The sesin tire rtevelopmcrrt clrain of air cooling for gas
tuti-ne rowplorrenls antl tiarspiralior- cooling are described lTre
tIrree modes of heat transfer nivolved i~i transpiraton cocrIng gas
N71 -17380- Von Kari-i '-it for Fluid 0 nairires Rrioce side hear rtarisfer. coolant sidc rcaz trarisfe; and interstitial heat
SaintGenee i~ey-n-transfer' are discussed separately Finailly con-aderation is gives to
DESIGN OF SMALL DIMENSION TOROINE BLADE 9-Y the practical proirlerris of traispriatýor cooli-g in advanced gas
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS IDESSIN D-UNE AUBE DIE turbinesuto
TURBI'NE DE PETITE DIMENSION AU MOVEN GE
PROCIEDURES THEORIQUESI Nil 17i384- C-!-r V. zl'.: Con1, n Ridge 'If
C Lo-ter ,,- AGARO ighn I-i-ri T. !-hie, Jan t971 28 oEXPERIENCE WITH TRANSPiRATION COOLED BLADES
relS I, FRENCH ENi3LlSi, 5u-n-- a- -Seei N."- 117372 0' 28, S Luti:adud J-1 S L. .\rko-- :: Sirora -r Or;erra Aercaa-i
A~dl,FS
NS CS00
5AG6A RD Hi,;. ren; 1 ; l-1i-t~n Jarl i971 20 f, '-I -See

Le Foli i se 10, lir

trai e itnf a sinla! iriirath)e rA.- .. Csd M 0
-tri
rircrriie -,t Cod-ensi
.-..! -hud fir; tIe i-,oi...tion :)
~o-.
Ii inverse ýioteitlia ii*proT!;eni A bade -. 01r-ha WPlJd Ia-alng iie ; r-el ' adtarcect
o-iiii-l-nic aircraft

etdge has L't-eira:trte~ o'telle r e crnfr~liosý inlet C. iwpniir 1-iri¾-ati icor-lavne i

angie 32 lagq outletaig 4 Ioa fRt liiiie ba-ic- lie. ami" i 0..
ic a.i 'n r i ,n :1de- curiepTeic
Qr: jiii- i(o~
n r- t ci~
oinzi ý -i:o-rt TIt-rt . . a a itreceore-eal lo-5- 31itdc1cocet
4 45, ViTe r- 'e- -> Oil i) Ii-ae th.',~oia n
cllr~cict Tisi-d 0:1 lr...t eL -l; P~*-

la; -in a.-it ... 'act that

.....-. a ti:I t-i
.. di....iuQrin-ivifr; f;- dt i -t-i - er;, iniqie s

iii i-i ?vaire

0 It Ti-iii- tri;iebade
iCnclnes Isn 5

N71-1 7381- iirnir4- ai V'iiii Li> Liii-

it 1- ,i, to 300U F
AN EXPERIMENTAL COOLED RADIAL TURBINE i1 iff ri(iI-!nr-qri

Okar-ie I~- - ~uO¾ 650 a -t ajlso i-eirti... A u Itn:,:

Pat..r Befach- Fla - *-C-R0 H. yh Tri-i:, [ a,,n

t .-..... t971

12 it iSeieN
171 37078'N11738
(a 8- S)
A~al NTIS HCSC%00 fE 5S095
Acoole:!d a-i-l -rii-- N!,n OC- TURBINE COOLING ITS L IMITATIN AN0T FlR
T
-n
it. ii 000
o iý iqiuii jar 8 Thfr- ASIARDHO -i v1innll, .ir- Jar t971 25 p)

;s~i200Ic F--- .* ----. i.......t~ CTO A~- N.Tr5 CSc '1(

22081 b
fat I ofrato7u00.3
j ti-I-i-r cur,.:) ...
-rni- a-1;i 1
a - -- i -n 200o !.o3SOO F lA-ri--yji1.1ý
ria~~-a,-:-i,
- a-c - -- - iCrd it Ia-40 ii-: r';-a ri- 1
i;Itine:in'tat- liar
f'5-00

"it-i- I, rleI, hia it iiiwiae tit- !e tln; alet

- - - ti~n r-: of J0-jC) te~ori-s- iesr

N71-i17382-
- - - nod
(otIe-Tiribir,,nen
.n- - - (an'Mrrerr
- -13 bit H - - - -5) i- F-- l.,:nni.-
') .n...-.i:;e .ifl.. -- ifrn v.rrnito
'West Germarir - ij-iii airr riq-ti-7an- x tnin c )jI:lerirs .s-;ih liarpisratron

EFFUSION COOLING OF TURB3INE BLADES ooldc- rateriuf- re-rice 310afl--are nietal owe, itni teflipeiglues
HPreente' A SchoerneeLC` and -N Srionz is AG3ARO H -yri-ai allowAlr-eirnsetal re100 trr O F 0, rrt I -iolirro
lenro T ird-res Jan 1971 1t4 1i e!- -See N7 t17372 07 23- ii0 tciit F ,P " 10i-o itn nua ' n Acr oiui
Avail NTIS, HOSS00 StAF5095 ii , o- vr rrrsi.rieort-
nn[- 0 i aril aa-r-c

ae-orl-enamrrc in-Inenosia- i firrirvance Of elfisroti cooled

trirbine b~larlnt a-,. estr~ T(, etie ate tie- aeoi-dynarnc anid
cooling perIoirirarec3 -- neS~ c,.-rrrrite- Iaiogiam-:rinctas "een N7l-17386- Gen'al Eetie Co C-ina-0i.0o
worked out tle ir-ciba,ýcnfOrrilm of Ahici is cfesni-lrer ini tiIs HIGH iF MPE NATO RE TUPBI NE DESIGN
-erio-I Fe-i availablie eui;etaiest c-silts ate (il-a; on to CONSIDERATfONS a-
~ack rip the tuetralirocedirir Spire fisirul i-Oil-es, ae S rN Srý- -AGARI) High Temrn Triboes- a-, -91291

p~pen-ener shi;.--,rig the elirril .3d; sran.-.-se terrirreratue ilotWIifuofl mel. 'See N7 1 1 7372 07 28;
for an effusrion cooNIe~trade -0,-IIriflecerit coolant flo- ( in-trrirlon A-gail NTIS HC S6 00I ME 5095
vs 0 -nr.-afrervensy--.,,nvmsriatel tin various urarannuete. Th~e Sajc redti-aloqlrial deeoperis tun~e
.tl-;tr -naii
clainges aria) eoninpareif mdl that of an itternrallyt~olr blade The liossible leIt-c-i-Iw to.arits ti-goer terr...i;-atwr: -s i ;lioitr a- rat-il
aofod-namn.i( Lea~-'va a -nirl-n ri-rase .i profile gact eii.ire
F-r- xea discussed Itrt relative rrnnrirtal;t,, of
los- coefliceirt of a aor-ttiillit ai.stianilj ,.Ithot atv---.......----- s- nlianeennrr:-ol--t~i-i;;r~
, -- -lant c-flu oou TI-e effirct wr-ovwa riS.;-re tij
hI tiiici c-er-
1rt1rirr-Pi itt: j~a i
,CI-Ira I-m--:lii
ic

air ell-isroir cooledi Ign-qt"ii nut iii; ii" a node--rh"fto ileI 1;irl a--u0 Ani- :dii -elai:a:trtrarrtc-ctn-r are

engine is briefly ilrccrsserl Amoo'--ivss aiiny .tkIilrs 1'ee7-i-n ano lc-thnna dara Thre
 28 PROPUL.SION SYSTEMS 259

need fo, a balanced deslign) approach is stressed, and exam 8s are composites for gas turbine blading izi discussed 0f the currently
given where trade offs can be made It is noted that the adwvencea available reintorcements examined, only tungsten-5% rhenium wire
in aircraft engines during the lest 10 years ties', been based an affords acceptabte stabitity in nickel-base attoys and a satisfactory
the evolution of sound engineering principles, extensive component flciease in stress-ruvture strength but only by incurring a weight
ano engine daveloipi-net. and careful conx-rrserationr ot the operational penalty The maximum volume fraction- reinforcement is controlled
requirements rather than a tremendous breakthrough or revolutionary by composite density and blade geometry. at the tow levels
concept in any one area Author imposed the advantage of iei'rloicement is controlled by composite
density and cooled blade If adopted. libre reinforcement is likely
.o be used in solid blades in engine stiges where cooling is
N7-1737#
Tehnsce ocscul Achr.twstGe~manyl prohibitive and then only as a selected area reinforcement Indeed
Tecnisoe echr. Iestthe
Hchscule
N711387h whole question of application may rest on the thermal fatigue4
EXERMETA INVSTGAIO ON A SINGLE-STAG behavior Laboratory tests on cylindrical specimens indicate very
AIPRICOOEDNGAS TURBSIGAINONESNL-TG poor thermal fatigue crack res: :,tance Application of the newer low
AIR-OOLE
TURINEdensity
GA single crysital alumina fibre is also discussed Author

I
3 W Kuehl trr AGARO Nigh Temi_ Turbine-, Jan 197' 14 p

resvSeail 17372 07-281$O9 N71 -1 7391p Office National dEtudes el oe Rech-eicsres

Temperature measurements mad-- within the convection Aerospatrales Paris lFrance!
* icooled rotor blade o! a gas turbine during operation cannot THERMO-CHEMICAL PROTECTION OF REFRACTORY
delrver complete information of the temperature field, for the numberSUEAL S FO AIC FT GS UR NS
of measuring points is irn~ted by technical considerations But by [PROTECTION DES SUPERALLIAGES REFRACTAIRES POUR
using the analogy between the heat flux and the eiect'ic current TURBIA'E-S A GAZ AERONAUTIGUES PAR VOlE
within a thiec-ornrensiona' model it is possible to detirimie the THERMO CHIMIQUEI
heat flow in a complete blade. i e the full tempcrat'Jre field within Philippe Galmiche :- AGARO High Temp -urbioes Jan 1971
the blade and also the local gas side and coolant Side heat transfer 12 p reis in FRENCH ENGLISH summary iSee N71117372
coefficients This paper descr:bes the wvay from temperature 07-28;
-'reasurements at the ti~rbine rotor to the complete temperat-e field Avail N'TIS HC SG00 MF SO 95
within the rotor blade Author A first part of the paper- s devotedi to as survej of in
corrosion oriiltem5 of refracroy, ,rnaterrais for gas rrJbrnes. a-. they
appear at present in the caseý if r!he rmost advanc:ed ,-_priraItov5
N7'-17388Ckl Minnesota Univ . Minneapolis School of Mechanical After recallinig briefly toe majin piotectoun rnethOds of retractoyv
Aeroct: tee Enorneering ~~louu t s roe juy`esrndtalo h ite
F:LM COOLING WITH INJECTION THROUGH HOLES ds~uonrathes no i s rie su-teserdS tJCarlcite o,;oer
E A G Eckert ;nr AGARD High Temp Turbines Jan 1971 Ato
19 i~ ret Sponsored by NASA and the Navy iSce N7 1--17372

tNASA-CRi 1163761 Avail NT'S CSCL 21 E N71.1 7392n So~rete Nar~onale ji Erude e~t do- C,' ,ýTrrction deA
Film cooling wiith etection through a row or 'ow's of holes Moteursd3Aviation Corbe, iFrancer
is under consideration for gas turbine blades Discussed is an MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR H;GH TEMPERATURE
arialytical approachi to t:-e prediction of v-re effectryeness of this TURBINES (EVOLUTION DES MITE RIAtJX POUR
cooling method dýeveloped in anatogv to a method wihich proves TURBINES A HAUTE TEMPERATUPEI
successflr !o; election through a slot and sonrre experimental re.sults Robert Errinetaud I, ASARO Hicti Temnp Titizoines Jani ;97 1
.hich are compared wtith prediction obtained bi this analysis, B p in FRENCH ENJGLISH suminars 'See N't- 1737? o7-281
Author Avail NTiS HO 563 0 Ml $0 95
Turbine blades and van,ý-;,otk oi citptex coir~dit-ins w.,:ri

c.reep trermIna fatrqud. corirsic'. er~sr~i etc Base cobalt and r)ase
N71-1389n Cent-n Natronat d4eAncherches P!niahturrgques Liege nick laic'ys are deveroni l 'or *nese tudorin parts .n new

MEETING REQUIREMENTS FOR NIGH TEMPERATURE GAS Solidifrystioni Sr-.rCtIci-ia- a-Jvar'ages ate possible with niobiumn
TURBINES A CHALLENGE TO METALLURGISTS allOy' b-jr thre p:obtr'.' o' ir u coatings are, sit resolved Low
D Coulsouradi~s In AGARD High Templ Turbines Jan 1971t cyc'e fatigue hras o csdr'e:I
ci 1n mTore t1han-creep aspects in d,: r

17 p iefs (See N7t -17372 0? 28' Isoricatiroi Ne-, techirdues of 5sotheimra- forgi~ng or the u,.e of
Avail hItS HC 6OSS 00MT "0 95 wroug~ht sinitredrf od--ts are irirlcates- for tire .nanufac~rurigc of
Metallurgists -ivolveil ii- tire ,'evelopment o! materials ',) midafiedou :-'oys r ate-mats use-ult ig olades A, o
high temprerature gas, turbines are chailenqed bie eroh~erv of
increasing dillicults leading themr to1 exbiore contirrually tie.. area-, Nmc 1 71z)3' 5-rar Sw'. Olt. 1 ,, Calit
Some of the cure, ! approacire, user1 fur lie 'ioertof THE COMPOSITIONi. MICRP3,T";JCTUME AND
cobalt -ud noiket bcse alloys are -eviperei 3r;-J ittrst;!aindj tSiescope PROTE CTI ON AFF OiIDE 0 BY SE:rt.HAL COMME RCIAL
-s not limiterf to an increase, w slier in but alwr) to in-,or-n- COATINGS ON TWO NICKELP-P ,E ALLOYS
structural srabrlt'i trot corro 5 -on resistar e coataruil ; Ptroessrin- A R ...I S Mol
.~rsr
.i -1 A&;flD
7
Ten-p Ti'rinnes ~'igh
variableýs such as hot rlefci-r,t-n~-ri ofl njii ;t- i' c ts-s eeto'iiii 1t9? G- p -0,- Sr--f7- 173720C 28.
7
and directional ._iffcmi fcr~it-n'irerci -e'' >-hi -t r-. AýS 94'-' 1
powder metaltrqirr r'.,-vh'rci
e-c ,ar iu
lvaiiat-l 'rri" 6 a ,rCTSOC V15'W
5ir -;ir-,'!C'r aolti.aizroinide coa:"igs ovenp evaluated
t
N71 -1 7390m Nation: (,a , Tirtriiif :euii
r-i-' P.- f:-tick A ir-hrlto'i;nii;ierii te:.rg Tfyt civ iionrent was -

ran riliiti'i[ios of JP Iýair air at CdeJ M~ar. CoalrI~-

FIBRE STRENC 'HENED NCE AEALYt, rirq d-t"4ah
A tx4 Ii Morrs A :'-i ;r.'ur iv'i'tii
A'. A. V;r T - -i a- au,'- c an'irtoat.il
T ur binoes S - 19 7t1 15 1if S'-i>: 28e. 5'; ~ _,ii!i,rr. iriinirli ;-r~i "ypii'esdadjefrii

Avail Ntil, HC 30 00 'AF $0 i

Jil ....
i.r. ..'5 ( iii31erJ to .Prlo!;',anen
ii- rle-vetionrriirr jut rir:iir i' 1i
uq 'ijiili t , ir-l- rinoIi.tmrtj ain
 260 28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS

were those containing s.gnificarit quantities of ml sil~con. (2) N71-17397# Societe Natio-.ale d Etude et de Cinstructron do
chromium applied erther before or after ltre afuminu~n. and [3 Motjeus d Aviation Vitaroci-e (Franceli4
ceiamic material Coatings were also represented thok were hyper- COOL1.14G OF TUf':INE DISTRIBUTION BLADES
and hYpo-Storchr0m~frrc in the betaNiAt system in general. ih THROUGH IMPACT EFFECT IREFROIDISSEMENT DES
coatings with the greatest initial alirmiurn re~enwoir (thicknreCss)UE EO~%BTURO UBN A F
I OIPCrBTU E URIEP CF T
provided the greatest protection 1-fyper- rather than hypo.-UESO
sotochiometric coatings appeared to proviee longer protection at EBsio ~ ~ADHg eprri. a 911
Ja7-97118
FRE'
rotassInc IGR
.- N7 1-17372v
HSee m
the rm-aximum test tainperatt-ie The '.ubstrate also inflIuencl~d
9
Aveis 4'lb ."n.SI (See N7-173F2SO 8
coatioig pertormance with !no LoalinrN on%81900 showing con
cnt. better periorri-ence than ccirtings on IN- 100
5151 Author One of the inproaved methods for !turbine cooling is theI
utilitalon ;,I tife urrpact effect in generati .g a discharge flow that
dllo .4 very sensr'rvo temperature corr,ý_tions Discussed are
N71 -1 73946 vo'. IKarme.r Inst for Fluid Dynamics. Rhode e%,erimenral studies that use slotted blades surfaces for distributing
Sain Geene'etgrn-~r ooirnj, at; th~oug;-. impacting pressure and theoretical calculationsi of
APPLICA lrION OF i-ILM COOLING TO GAS TURBINE the effects of certain par meters on the impact The experimental
BL~jES blade consisted of a hear (esi'iant ester-or shell and an finier lnirrir
C Liess and J Cdrnal In AGARD High Temrp Turbines Jar, that served as ditiributot of the cooling air and guided it into t-d
1971 1 1 p , el', Uree N71 17372 07,281 convective cooling (egrans The functijrnal motor pressure provided
Avail NTISIPC`S 00 MFS0 95 the impact effoct Itris concluded that th~s improved impact cooling
The -,action of a secondlaiv flovv irlo a hig; selr~c'ty .a -r meirrod is suitable for distributing blades of advanced
streami was investigated -he soconda-y flow was lie? ,d arid turbormachinery Transl by G G
inje-ýed by a row of inclined holes into a ma.-' flow% I ambient
te~npe~ature The geometry of the rinjezton ý.Liles an' , le main flow
veloci:y correspono-d to condii ons ro~courier,- on real turbine N71-1 7398ao Office National d Etudes et de R-ecfrerches
1
blade. After a brief review o! t - aloplrcatror . tili-- cooliing to gas Aerospatrates Paris tFrancel

turbine blades the results 1ithe measure' ant% vie presented The COOLING OF TURBINE BLADES BY LIQUID METALSI
tests concerrid the .diabatic wiall effr- tv eness a'rj the hiow field IRIEFROIDISSEMENT DES AUBES DE TURBINES PAR LES
do-wyistreyr :: the injection hot- The trS( results show that METAUX LIQUIDES1
appros,-.dte tro dimensional V. '. :ndtroins can. be obtained nor E Le Grives and J Genot I- AGARD High Temp Turirries ja-i
I-( wnstieam of the hole- .rrotrded thi- Ine spacinq to diameter 1971 20 p refs in FRENCH ENGLISH sunimarý, iSee
rat-o of the holes is 'c7Author N7 1 1737207 28)
Avail NTIS I-C15800; :iF 095

N7.-17395* srnzona State Un~v Tempe cycles under high centrifugal acceleration P.e first briefly analyzed
*EVALUAT' ,N OF FILM COOLING PERrORMANCE ON Sodrurri protassium. alloys are shown ti- oe best surt'rd on C,.ount
GAS T,-: :BINF SURFACES of their heat transfer abilit, with air 00o0DOexchangers at the blaeo
4
D0 s~-Arrzet. J R Blidle and J M War-en /P AGARD Hi ghr roots A hiph roitatrun speed tes, set-up on which the heat fluox on
r'mp Turbiner Jan 1971 tO p refs iSee N7 1-17372 07-281 the blades is comparable to that c' a real turbine nias beer-.
Avari 'ITISHCS600;MFSO95 extensively used for an ilAperinrenlal itudy 0' these processes Both
Film cooling of gas turbine Ccomponpnnt' is often characrurized cycles lead to a te'.per-atue drop as high as 650 C at the tjlade
by rerat-vely short cooled lengths an,, inyctron geovietr-es whI-ich tips with a mrnýs flow rate rf cooling air of 10 g per sajc kW
are dictated primarily by I'tzrcarono andl stress cons rleratrons For Howe-wei. -5veral ad-.antar;ds are shown to be eripectaile for the
many of the resulti'; onirfguratronrsfr ri cooling inform~ro;cn based evapcre~ive cvcle If. V10" of its applicatior to high terr'ceiature gas
on adiabw.-c wall temperatures a'one is roadeq-rate for design tort nir cooling] Author
puiný,ses In addition. the complexitxy of the film coiing proces,
mnakres extrvpotarroi, of results fromr one injection configurationi to
another t:ircert?.rO A transrerrt melthod is descrirbed that has beenN7-35*Am vaon'ltfeLa FrEuisV
used to iap-dJiy -3-5; 7'C- ;' ipd-.-c rn ce- syJ
!' -,f imN11E~
v-yj5filmA ryAir nIitie a'Fr utsV 6
FLlIAD-COOLF.O 23:;C F ENTRY 'TlMPERATURE 'kVAL
crorrigq configurations Advan,,ges as well as some inheare' F WTUBN
disud-ranfa~~~~~~~~~~~~~estr
r icse h aereia ufteTel~arte Johnson lIn AGARD H-,n Temp Turbine~s Jan 1971
die described ,rj typcical results are, pie,.ented for a - andly of 17 p refs ISrre N71t 17372 07-2-1
flush anoico inicctron ports Empichasis is placed on r~cent results ,vaarl NTIS HC $600 MsFSOP9,I
obrz.ned for ringh injection rates -with varlabit- injection angle A brief description of tire overall Program for the desry~n

I
weethe heat transfer is dom-nailed bry the f-'.n flow and effective and evafuatrori of a their' ,,ip.r)n flind-cooled axial flo)w turtnrne is
heat t ranrfer coefficients are rnich arqp than those ass)crar'tgvr h ojciei h pormwsf dmisrt h
with it-e inimary fliwv alonie -ufho, thetrrocsipfion sysle' , s capability to oe!'or-m iadeCuatr'ly C00ol at an
inlet gas temper -,re of 2300 F Although the oricirrar obtjective
li -7396M Roll%-Royce Litd Drib-, ArrUgins
tEilnir cooling at 2,00 F 11260 C, was acrireved ditficrilty was
Div experiencer' .-. obtarining wte aerodylaminc eff-crer:-, properf fab,icatoir
1
NOZZLE GUIDE V AN COOLING THIP STATE OF THE of the t areis and a specific hi-)sepownnr of 213 HP %Na Despite
ART the P'o' ementioned problems fitr, programn drij jtrove Itire calpabriilrt
G A Halls ',. AGANO H-gh Terrp 'urbr'res Jar, 107 1 19 p or 1;re anrirldr comnbustor fironed nozzle1 vanes anit liviidroolwd
rel i5ee r*.11 1 7372 07 28l F,radej cooling system while oporariy t1g3s tempneratures of 2350
Ava~ NTIS HCS0 l i~ 24r0 FAltr
* ~Reviewed is fhe r-'e~--nT st ofp the art or, air cooling
of nozzle guider varne'. Ir P ctatt .jas uIwo- - ;ii.oc- ;c
design of th- croi-~rnr s, stem arnd mrarirr!acluring techiniques have
change(! revh- II, -ears to keep pr e with increased iurfr i0
enrii icr-Ij-ia'- . s The orpniehas Wiadratl-y shifted fr-wa~rds N71 17400AI Polls Royce Ltd D~erby, Fingrairh A-Eri ii- ne
[P? w J 0,n rsig--
d. of tIne vante 0n operate , -tnn-. the I.r--cn of Div
3av-To,lU_ materials Author THERMAk FATIGUZ (FILMI
28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS 261

in AGARD High Ternp Turbines Jan 1971 9 p (See N7 1.17372 N471-174040 Societe Nationale d'Etude el de Construction 00e
07-28) Moteurs d Aviationl. Vilaroche iFrance)
Avail NTIS HCS6oOf/MFSO95 TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TURBINE BLADE
Ths oweienoo of thermal fatigue in Cooled turtuine blades is COOLING BY AIR FILM ILES ASPECTS TECHNOLOGICUES
A thrs nature have recently beer- encountered
illustrated Probl..arre OU REFAOIDISSEMENT DES AUSES CE TURBINE PAR
and it is demonstrzted how a means of overcoming such problems FILM D'AIRIt
without resortirij to expensive and time consuming log testing carn Jaccques M Eteriraind In AGARD High lemp Turbines Jan
be provided Author 19? 1 18 p lIree N71-17372 07 2811
AvailNTIS H(S600/MFS095
Tochnolorpeal aspicts of pla~ing cooling airemissilon holes in
tur,'ane blade t-p portions are considered by evaluating mechanical
N7 1-17401 I National Cos Tuibirre Establrshirnenf Pyestock biade resistance. internal duct organiZatoon resulting in an ai, film.
,cngiarrdi and labticition methods suitable for multiple cooling Theoretical
SOME MECHANICAL DESIGN PAIC ZMS OF TURBINE and expetimental studies (If the operatic-nal problams connected
6LADES AND OfISCS with the multiple hole coolr'ig method for turbine blades prove the
1 8 Buillro and B 8 tdaxvdale !-i AGARD High Temp validity of the concept for applicatio. in tecthnically advanced turbo
Tuirbine3 Jar: 1971 11 pd refs iSee N71t1737207-28- machinery Transl by G G
Avail NTIS NZ$6 00*MFSO 95
lnteirrallý a-rccoled turb.n- -)Ofo blades usually have a
non-un.5rm- lemPvt3ture dist'.outron The non-unilorm stie-,s palttern 1
thus created is redisrirfbited by~ creep ',c:utrl-.~ at dif~etenr rates N7t i 31 77# Advsoir% Gicup for Aeroscra-:e Research and
-rth-r MrillIiade depending on the Irs al vilue if stress and De~eiop-ien- Paris;Frani ci
tempeiature the effect of this process on th-! blade ile is discussed ':C NiCA I1. tiVALUATION REPORT ON THE AGARD
ind experiments to Cneck thC Validity Of1som- of the assumptione PFOraULSIUN AND ENERGE'7ICS PANEL, 341h MEETING,
awe described The stress patterns in rotating discs ate modified 18TH COLLOQUIUM) ON REACTIONS BETWEEN GASES
when plastic strain occurs dependent on the strain-hardening AND SOLIDS
chi~racterrstci. of the disc materia; This places limiotions on tho us S S Penner Califorina Urirv ,a Jollal and P G Ats -rison Jr
of converitror-at maiei-ai 9roperties as des )n data Th~se limitations iDirectorate of Labs . Andrews AF8 livdi Feb 1971 12 pn Cant
r~d tie ellect of SC~mater~al stress strain curvr7 on stes held at Dayton Ohio '3 16 Ocr 1969
reostirbutron aie discussed Author tAGARD-AR 32-7 1 i Avail NtIS
A report of tie round table dijcu~sion arnd a critical revievi
of the prioseriations are given There wsta ger erat agieement that

NII-740-
7- Ai Wrrth P~iffionthe in~terdisciplrinary character of the meeting had led to a liurlfril
N? 11740. Ai
Zr:~r~C ~<. -- i~- Wrr~ht-~tt~yoneecnange ul v-iews Loy urtigi amvw. ii !"0r
!C;~ ri Pn1,rii-nans
AFOI Ohio on areas of applrcatron of theni work and or, desratile directorS
AIR FORCE AERO PROPULSION LAS. AIR-Ce)CLEDfonestuisAhr
TURBINIF DE3IGN CRITERIA
in AGARD High Temp Turbines
Jack Rrcherrs Jan 1971 6 p

Avae 71
NTS1767 00M SO191 N71-22599'& National Aeronautics and Space Administration
A new technology for gas turhine engines is developedLer sacrCntrlelndOi
and apolieco in new engqines In Ord-, to accomtrhsh this a phased HIGH TEMPERATURE TURBINES
development cycle nas been establirshed that permits hrgh levels Jack 8 Esgar and R A Reynolds (Dept of Ind Trade and Coin
)Pri GR Fe 1917)rfs rsnedt
of risk in the early stages of deeilopmrict redu-hinrj to lown levelsOta
te31 etr ftePouso n nfeisPle l~ic
of risk prior to commirtment of the suhstAintpai resources necessary
eveopmnt Th
f~r icrtucrui or deelomen cyle ith21 25 Sep 1970
for ordu~un
eveopmet Te
fr dvelomen cyce wthiNASA TM-X 67123 AGARD AP 29 7 1) Avarl NTIS CSCL 2 1E
particular attentron to it . -jc-.iqn oi 5eieirhon criteria that have beeni or Saeo h r eiwo ihtmeauelttetcnlg
are being yirccessfuilr atppred to ar-conled tiibriney is desi-ribedSteofheaters rhrhemrtueubieecnlg
Author was providtc, at this conference The following topics were covered
ii i- rote!
perfed pigib-ihiioir, rin - -i small iitwrire,

application of turbine blade coolin~g

to engines selectionof h~igh
temperature and cooled turbine mnaterials heal transfer
N71.1 744D3# ItRissereer Polytechnic Inst Troy Ni' Mecharircs measurement tecfhnroues and an evaluation of the techniques of
Div film, convection, and transpiration cooling EMhlC
STRESS ANALYSIS FOR E',EVA-ED TEMPERATURE
LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE WITH HOLD-TIME
Erhard Kremnpl In AGAt-It High Temnp Tuibines Jar, 1971
17 pr refs fSee N71 173-2 07.28) N71-269514 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
Avail NTISHC56 00 NIF S095 Development Parirs (France)
The behavior of structural materials under sirmiriatrid servce SMALL GAS TURBINES FOR HELICOPTERS AND SURFACE
conclitions at elevate-i iemperature is sirowr- to tie 0ctraracerried TRANSPORT
by sttain rate Ifrequincyr s-nsilrviiy creep relaxation and cyclic May 1971 141 p refs
hardening or sofl(n-nig Thease phenomnena and prior defoirtiaticrir IAGARD- LS-46-7 1) Avail NTIS
l-istory have a cons-fJe able effect on the srihsetucirt --jf~r alrai ior
and fracture bet ai-of i' realistic sinis, analysis It elevatedt CONTENTS
temperaturelp-s-cycle flitliue with ti~li tirnc has to ior-.-del these 1 MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NEEDS FOR SMALL GAS
material properties so that the stresses can be :ronpuled througiroirt TURBINES 0 D Weidhuner (Army Materiel Command Wash.
tne component as a uirciruri, ul ~ire
;i ., ýt.- - ;;,d -.z- ý-f inc 0 Cli 11 n 'See N7 1.26952 156-28)
conventioinally used desc~iptions of mraterral frehar~iso eas, i 2 THE STATE OF THE ART OF SMALL GAS TURBINE
polaicitv creep oi viscoe..,sticily, can rep~rodrir-e all tiry *rnptinrarrt ENGINES FOH HELICOPTERS AND SURFACE TRANSPORT H H
observed phenomena A neN approach i% orop(-serf wo .r corn dv., Langshur and B J Palfreemarn (United Aircraft 0f Canada) 16 p
time zeper-dent nonrilinrear. arid hlrtois effects Aijt- roft (Sea N7 1-28953 1 5-28,
 SA262 28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS

cyclic variable The temperature in front of the turbine is also a

3 CYC -S OF A GAS TUBS1NE P Alegi and A Lau,,ns cyclic variable but its value is limited by coohng problems of the
SSOCkste Nationale d'Etude at do Constructin do Moteuns d'Awation, turbine materials Compression output and loss are functions of
Vi11irochi. France) 111p (See N71-26964 16-28) geometry at each cycle stage before flow clearance is minimized
4 ANALYSIS OF SMALL GAS TURBINE ENGINE through increased compression It is concluded that the power of
COMPONENTS E Schnell (Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz A G. a gas turbine is primarily determined by its thermodynamic cycIh
Oberursoe West Germany) 23 p rofl (See N71-26956 16-28' and its geometrical shape Tiansl by G .,
5 INDUSTRIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
OF SMALL GAS TURBINES FOR HELICOPTERS AND GROUND N71-269S15 Kloeckner Humboldt-Deutz AG. Oberursel (West
TRANSPORT R M Lucas (Rolls-Royce. Ltd. Watford. EWgland) Germany)
13 p (See N71-26956 15-28) ANALYSIS OF SMALL GAS TURBINE ENGINE
6 APPLICATION TO POWER GENERATION A L COMPONENTS
Jaumotte JBrus$ls Univ, Belgium) 25 p refs (See N'71-26957 Erwin Schnell In AGARD Small Gas Turbines for Heliocopters
15-28) and Surface Transport May 1971 23 p refs (See N71-26951
7 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS OF SMALL GAS TURBINES 15-28)
J Melchior (Atelier de Construcrion d lssy-les-Moulhneaux. France) Avail NTIS
35 p (See N71-26958 15.28) Aircraft gas turbines are to be developed for lowest weight
r and smallest volume, therefore they are built without utilization of
N71-269152# Army Material Cominend. Washington D C Ground the exhaust heat but for high pressure ratios For vehicle gas
Mobiliti Div turbines, however, the specific fuel consimption is the determining
MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NEEDS FOR SMALL GAS factor and therefore the heat exchanger is an essential component
TURBINES of the engine For small gas turbine engines cooled turbine blades
Donald D Weidhuner /n AGARD Small Gas Turbines for can only be used to a limited extent In certain cases higher
Helicopters and Surface Transport May 1971 11 p lSee effliciencies can be expected with radial turbines than with axial
N7t-2e•95* 15-28) turbines having unfavorable aspect ratios Two shaft engines (having
Avail NTIS a free power turbine) .ompele with single shaft engines, auxiliary
The most irrpor'ant consideration in the selection of a power attachments (hydraulic torque converter or hydrostatic transmission)
plant for any apt~llcilron is to maximize return on investment. or render the single shah engine feasible to be used for traction
to maximize cost effectrven,-ss, it must be indicated that the purposes Author
small gas turbine can yield more return or profit while satisfying
operational reqcliremenis. than jther engines or its choice cannot N71-269B6# Ro:ls-Royce. Ltd. Watford (England) Small Engine
be ullfied The critical eau,re.ents of the DrODUlsion systems for Drv
helicopters, vehicles, marine craft, electrical power generation. and INDUSTPIAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROLEMS OF
total energy systems for buildings are discussed. and the engine SMALL GAS TURBINES FOR HELICOPTERS AND GROUND
characteristics necessary for the turbire to be the preferred choice TRANSPORT
are :ndicated Installation requirements and ancillary components. R M Lucas in AGARO Small Gas Turbines for Helicopters
exhaust emission levels and certain other technical goals are and Surface Transport May 1971 13 p (See N7 1-26951 15-28)
specified Small gas turbines are arbitrarily considered to be less Avail NTIS
than 2.000 HP or less than 101lb/sec airflow Author Alter considering why a small engine needs to rotate fast.
and be made of integral rather than built up parts, some of the

N71-2C953# United Air(raft of Canada. Longueuil (Quebec) consequent vibratory problems are discussed with the conclusion
that methods of introducing damping into the system are required
TNINESTA FOR THELICOPTES
AR SMFALL TRANSPURTE Fuel system limitations due to dirt being the same size for big and
H H Langshur and 8 J Palfreeman In AGAFID Small Gas
[Smail engines limit the use of scaled down large anging designs
.:ontirn-nation of compressors by foreign Obtects is 5imilarly more
Turbines for Helicopters and Surface Transron May 1911 16 p pronounced A number of workshop problems special to small size
Avref NT!S 15-28) are considered and shown to respond to the use of suitable
Ave!!NT!Stechniques Frnaiiy a weance at buoire uf tne cusis whiriii dun t scale
The current tehnical and market status of below 1000 te
indiacte Flnaiiy
proportionately gh
high alaunching costs
unchingcosts Autho
Authorr
SHP turboshaft engines. as applied to helicopters and surface
transport are reviewed Major date are given for the succesvuI
engines and compsrisons of salient design features are made N71-26957) Ftrussels Un,v (Belgium)
Engines now in development are discussed On the basis of an APPLICATION TO POWER GENERATION
industry survey, advances to be expected in a 1980 helicopter Andre L Jaumotte In AGARD Small Gas Turbines for Helicopters
engine are described and the expectations are critically reviewed and Surface Transport May 19/1 25 p refs In FRENCH and
1980 surface transportation engines are treated similarly, though in ENGLISH (See N7 1-26951 1.-281
less technical detail The main challerges for the engine designer Avirl NTIS
and manufacturers in the surface transport field arm brought out The applications of g,-. ýuroines of kiw power ibelow bO0
Aiihnr kWV) in the fields of aeroqautics industry and bpace are rfvlewed
N .2Nionlsd -.. d onand the advantages and dfa~sbacks o: gas turbines :n comparison
Mote'7r$d1AvllSociete Nationale dc*-. de Cons:tiuion do with Diesel engines are discussed The LAe of !."n811turirf.os for the
Motrps deAviation. Villaroche Francei o
CYCLES OF A GAS TURBINE [CYCLES DE TURBINES A combined production of electric and thermal energv S con'creed
The tnermodynamic characterist:,•s of the total energy ý. stem are
GAZI described and a few examples -ndustrial applications Jiven
PgAlesi and R Laurens in AGARD Small Gas Turm iss for Possibilities offered by the use of ofgas tu:hrne% in space researL:
Helicopters srlid Surface Trarsport May 1971 11 1. In FRENCH r d production of the energy required oit
(See N71-26951 15-28) boaru exploration vehicles are outlined Author
Avail NTIS
The Dower of a gas turbine is dOsined by the following
four parameters air flow, overall pressure :RtIo. turbine inlet N71-269580 Atelier de Cr.iistrucloir d Issy-le, Moul,-eaux
temperature al . components efficiencies The flow rt"oends directly Iprancer
on turbomachine geomt.ry whereas the compression 'ate is a FUTURE "OEVELOPMrZNTS OF SMALL GAS TURBINES
28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS 263

IDEVELOPPEMENTS FUTURS DES PiTITES TURBINES A nozzle, botittarl. etc) iwis de:r.m~ned as wellas thrust Simulation
GAZI of exhaust of hot and cold gases. ejectors, and powered
Joan Melchior In AGARD Small Got Turbines forHelicopters and Simulators is an rmj,"irtant facet of testing Nonsteady
Surface Transport May 1971 35 p In FRENCH and ENGLISH aerodyntamics of internal And external1 flow and aerorelastic
N71-295115
l~e8)ph'enornena need to be exirnned These topics ate discussed for
AvSil N? -291 S 6 both podded and buried engriies Major C~nclIuSions of the study
eae to exhausts and nozzte-i are given Author
A i h enieNihpoesrnigbeweI0Snd10
hip will be essentially used for the -~Puls-on of grovind vehicles

that is& for rndustrrsl applications 1 S kig of Werght Der hfp should N72-16689# OfficeNational d Etudes at de Recherches
satisfy most users A IDWwerWeight will be appreciated. of co-irse Aerospatiales. Paris (Francal
but not at any cos, Fuel consumption inpriua.wl eanPROBLEMS OF MEASUI4EMkNT ON MODEL OF THE
an impowlant item in the cost of operation Besides, the air intake THRUST OF A SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT AFTER-BODYa
Idletring. sourrdjprooting and exhaust devices are costly and bulky STANDARD NOZZLES
Since ther are proport~onal to the air flow rate. 'hyw~ b h Bernard Masure In AGARfO Inlets art Nozzles tot Aerospace
times !zager for a turbine then for a diesel engine The cost pe Erig Dec 1971 15 p rets In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary
hp of present diesel engines remains an objective for thre gas (See N72- 16685 07 281
turineto eac No, til dereae cnsreral 1
tiS O~tshold Avail NTIS NC $6 00 MF SI. 95
ithrhigh suprerachargv ting csiltaneously wtit thceasvegh po-erhp A technique lot wind :unnal measurement through an
withhig imutaneusl
suer cargng wih te vi~gh pe hpupstream cylindrical strut, of the thrust of an allerbody is
which should reach I kg,!hp in the near future Trio essential asset described With this measurement it is possible to correct the
of the turbine is -Its extremely tight weight which is however global measurements made on complete models wilt'h simplified
counterbalanced by the heat recovery device Author hollow nacelles Precis~on is checked by various calibrations
including tests on nozzle
a 5tandarld convergent divergent
N72.6084 o'
Grup Adisoy erosaceReserchandChocking and analyzing of results for complex configurations.
Deveopmet. arisI~racelincluding a primary convergent nozzle, are basd or knowledge
INvlETS nt Paris tNOZLe) O EOPC NIE of mass flow rates and thrusts of corresponding sonic nozzles
DNEcS
1971 503 p rat F O EGLS
EPROSPAin ES C
aNdGIN Data concerning suctinozzles result
from precise tests
performed
Dec rfs 971 503p
driy I ENLIS an FRNCHwithin the atmosphere. without external flvIar for a wide variety
Presented at the 38th Meeting of ACARD Propulsion andofsae th rsusaepeendadcmaedwh
Energetics Panel Sandeflord. Norway. 13-17 Sep 1971ofsae Th rsutaepeendadcmaedwh
IAGARD-CP 91.71 UDC 533 6971 Aiarl NTIS .4CS6 00 MF dale
theoretical Autho-
SO 95
Conference papers are presented on five topics engine
interference r* presentation in wind tunnel testing, thrust
airplane N72.I 1690xr Centre ofEssars de Proptirseurs Saclay (Frani'e)
aulriir coi zi i.', SIOL a
ar.,' icizz ~ TEST METHODS AND EXAMPLES FROM THE PROPUL
inlets. nozzles, and applications, and subsonic and transonic SION TEST CENTER
aeropropulsion For Individual titles, see N72 16686 through jlean Claude Hipoll and Jean Bernard Coctieleurt in AGARO
N72-16718 Inlets and Nozzles for Aarospace Eng Dec 1971t 1t7 p In
FRENCH ISee N72* 16685 07 281
Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MIF $0 95
N72-16686N New York Univ N Y Aerospace Lab The Propulsion Test Center is a French government
REVIEW OF THE CONCLUSIONS OF 1HE AGARO AD establishment which participates in the development of
HOC COMMITTEE ON ENGIN: AIRPLANE INTERFERENCE aeronautical enrgine--. using industrial test methods of flight
AND WALL CORRECTIONS IN TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL simulatipi' Eqi~pment at the facility includes principally exhaust
TESTS air and gas treatment apparatus (using either electricity or
Anionic Ferno In AGARD inlets and Nozzles for Aerospace Eng vaporl a complex network of condur:s. 8 engine test cells for
Dec 197 1 10 p (See N72 16685 07-28) flight simulation and 7 test lets Measurements are controlled by
Avail NTIS HC $6 D0. MT $0 95 a central coordinatoir Among tests made on ar. inlets and
A program !or the study of problenms of enigine-airplane nozzles, tests on the Concorde aircraft are ntoted, as well as
interference is outlined Engine srmulptors. nozzle i,.gri and those on noise and Thrust Trarisl by K P 0
dynamic Characteristics of the inlet are considered KPD

N72-16891m Natiornal Gas Turbine Establ~shnieoit Taintiorougli

18687* National Aerospace Lap) Amnstertam lNetheiland-1 (Englan~d)
INLIETSAIRPLANE TESTING IN TRANSONIC WINO MEASUREMEN' FULL-SCALE OF PROPELLING NOZZLE
TUNNEL7 PERFORMANCE IN AN ATTITUDE TEST FACILITY
F Jaarsrna -'AGARE) and Nozzles for Aerospace Eng
Info's J C Ascougl Ini AGARD Inlets and Nozzles for Aerospace
De c , 971 l 5 1., lefs (See N7 2 16685 07.28) Eng Dec 1971 12 p ref (See N72 16685 07 281
Avail INTIS HC $6 L--'SMF SO095 Avail NTIS HC $600 MIF $095
The results and ii. 'mmendatrons on inlet testing in Full s~cale thrust performance tests air' described which
trarsnssic wind tunnels are 0.- "issed in detail Special attention were mnade in an altitude test cell onf a prototypt, two stream
.' t
diode' b- towards mass floiw -easurriments external drag propelling nozzle fitted to a f.ticirjrt engine installed withirn a
detje, mina tror. boundary layer repie3,i"tation for diverlers and simulated aircraft nacelle The .1 were mrade at .onditiuns
bleeds. ;,id non :ýacly flow phenomena - "'lets Author representing flight at Mach 2 at 20 kin altitude "Nozzle thirst
eflicieniy obttained from these fuvll scale tests was compared
with that ri~on a 1 10 scale -rirodl test rig The lpreliminary
N72 18668.* Nevar Posjytý-raj'~e School Auntotev L.'-I analysis gave ur-expecledly low trill sc.alc efficiencipes and, to
NlOZZLE AN~D EXHAUST TE STING IN TRANSONIC FL,-HT Investigate this. special tests were made with the aecorirlary piarr
AfCiME oft the iiozilr .-ierridi A% d result Of ltre pfiiirriv iio,':lr test-
Allen it fuhs ir AGAIHD Inles ant Nozzles for Aerospace Enq conr~iecors Nei, iradi' Iin seci-lirrry irOnie test pU~ISrt whicir
o.ec 1971 32 1, rels (See N72 1G£ý85 07 '81 virlntler sat-sfai~t-ry agntii o-irrnrrir't'me fill, s.ile a.,t rrii-,l
Avl NTIS f<S600 MFSO95 Author
A virveiy of P.rime airframe interference is presented In theN71 -i-.%ifdSI Atn-ijor
ea'ly stage, of deve',,-:ririen wind tunnel tests of nozzles anrif N? Q ~ unAuIr rui.5nu
h ulri'stuir
ushau!Lts were orrldnuc;,s, toth aloine -id in modrel-; 0I tnt" INLETr EGNEuri. irruri. 'TriEm
Wi'iINDu TC
aheilboila Thrust iqasure'r-.Irrs ,iere. marie in test faiiies
t
25 WN)TNE ~T TC IiILT
s-z level an,; various .:,rtude% i',,',-,d fry flight tests D-) ofl NIGUES
264 28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Sod lch
E) UAH Inet ei an Nozle lo AeospceAGARD Inlet% and Nozzles for Aerospace Eng Dec 1971
Eon ~dft ~AU
Dec 11Q71 i 16 p vofs, (SeeIlt n oze o
N72 16685 07 28)Avi
eopc 11 p re f(See N72 16685 07 28)
TSHSI0 f$ 9
,r'eA. %TO* .- 87494) Avail NTIS CSCL 200 Ae TSHS0.F59
E.Oterimyental investigations of the inlet. engine, and exhaust Fo a flumbrlr of applications the clamshell target type
nozze o a upesonc
prpulionsysem re dscrbedExhustthrust reverser is an attractive solution for producing a braking
nozzle results are presented which are Compared with wind farce from a let engine This type of reverser consists of a parr of
tunnel and flight results to assess the accuracy of flight buckrets which in the stowed post-ton fornm oart of the aircraft
rneasuntrromets Comparisonrs are also presented for rioUla fuseliAge, or engine nacelle end are moved into the let efilum
pefomnc
otind ih cl lta powered turbollea downhltrean. from the final nolzlir to provide thrust reversal The
simulator, and a aolid let tvundai'y simulator The effect of th important geometric design parameters can be determined from
tocal boundary layer on nozzle performance is also discuss-ed consideration of the flow in the thrust reverser system Their
The need for good dynamic measurements during inlet-engine effect on the aerodynamic periorrzia-ce was established from
testing is illustrated for transients Such as itoe! unsioni aned model testi; and is discussed in, detail Foe the optimitation, of
engine stall The transient nature of inlet distortion and its efec the operating mechanism in connection with fatl-safe reciunrrments,
on the engine are presented for two different operating the load on the bucket arid its point of application is Important
Authorand is related to thi reverser geometry The problem of ho) gas
condiions uthorand dlebios ingestion into the engine intake is pointed out
Several solutions to overcome this problem aie investigated
N72 166936 National Research Council of Canada Ottawa together Wonr the implicatioins they have for performance and

(Ontario) Div of Mechanical Engineering des gn Ato

WIND TUNNEL TESTING OFV T EGN MO LS
SOME OBSERVED FLOW INTERACTION AND TUNNEL
EFFECTS N2166rSceeNtoaedi~eo
R A Tyler and R G Williamson lIn AGARD Inlets anri NozzliessN2166 oit ao-l tiee ij osrconJ
osrcind
for Aerospace Eng Dec 1971 12 p rats (See N72 16685 Mclieurr. (I A~viatrorr Villaroche 'I'tanciel
07 28) INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN CHARACTERISTIC PARAM
Avail NTIS HC S6 DO' MF SO 95 ETEASON EJECTOR PERFORMANCE
The interpretation of force measuiemnens on V STOI. retlaed Jean Marie Hardy Ini AGARD Inlets and Nozzles lor Aerospace
models incorporating inflows ar-dror outflows is discussed in Eng De,- 1971 1? p refs In FRENCH 'See N72 16685
relation to investigations concerned mainly With the trafirition 07 28,
performance of fill fan configurations These utilize Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MTF SO 95
balance- mounted, poweoered models 0f about 1000 hip in the The optimization Varar-reetrs for the adaptation of an
Closed test section of a 10 IT x 20 fi V STOL propulsion tunnel ahtiborty are presented and lho, p),riciles of the theoretical
Wirth, models producing strong downwaSh an overriding testing calculation nrethod for ejector perlormancto arr- considet,,d A
limit arises in closed wind tunnels from the formation of a stai'le Study of the effects of geometric parameters on internal tend
floot viortex vyslvrr ;ur ;ýt9.c ;ncr.ýc c''J s5o.rAtrno model external nuzzle perlurman-te is, ravrriere( based -on the results of
flow wrth the mainstream An experimentail srucly (AI its effsct irixici-,; i!.r Th. it -1-41 sdxrrat-,rn
as it relateos to downward directed lets is described Vortex of the elector was investigated as well ast tire 0lr -t Of PQit.i)tni
formation limits are correlated in terms 0f a ji" force coellicrent for secondary ventitati- considering the .,rte:t of hot gas
for a wide range of Cle inclinations to the vertical and lor both Optimization of ltlotial perform ince by choosing the value and
single and parired lets Interference velocity measurements witlh forrm 0f the ejector section are also presented Several theoretical
limited data from the main program aend other sources ate used and te-rierimnental results are given Transl by K P 0
to deduce correspondincl tunnel flow breakdown limits These
testing limits are shown to he sensitive to model chat . :eristi ,,
Author N72 16697a Royal Aircraft Etlablrshment Eledlordl lEnglandt
SOME APPLICATIO146 OF BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL
N72 16694A. LTV Aeroepace Corp Dallas Tet BY BLOWING TO AIR INLETS FOR V STOL AIRCRAFT
VECTO~RED THRUST IN AIR COMBAT I Miregor 1,r AGAR i Inlets and Nozzles for Aerospaei Eng
C R James In AGARD Inlets and Nozzles for Aerospace Ent)e 9h t irl SeN?1650 8
Dec 1971 8 p ret (See N72 16685 07 281 Avail NTIS M-CS60-0 lAF S096
Avai NTI HLS00MF1095Tire use ot lei blooismg As a means ctIof ridr loyer control
Advantages of thrirvl vectoring in air comcrat are envaiualer in intakles appoears to nays several *tiivairlia,t fc,; V STUL"
using a manned air combat simulator This simulator consists of aircraft The principles involved are djiscussed giving Iwo
two fighter cocCkpitS linked by digital computer driven visual eape - -esoa ne ne ttccniin n
displays which present each pilot with a iroiperly oriented in age ducted foling fair at low forwvard speed .- orre results of the
of the opoon-int aircraft Real time digital computotion pain -ta effects of slot bl[owing on the behavior of the intakes of a model
each pilot to fly his aircraft anywhere within the performance o TI tie.rrha usncsel r rsne
arid strength limits of the airframe as he strivesi to maneuver into and compareo with those obitained using a n.,iturally aspiateed
position to fire his weapons Engagements include. three casera suction bleed It is concluded that boundary l4yer contro; by
Ill a baseline conventional fighter. 12) a vecltred thrust version boigcudla od-ralorpoeeto.ntrs n
of the baseline, and (31 the vectored thrust configuration with a sigwifcntcolreaduto -to afmllwdistlrovertinaetr to ne, thnru~stad
thO00pounid weight penalty The cone-wentronal lighter is the significant rdciontk
o piiifowdistorionanr to thidnecsalom uchs
iron opponent lor all engagements Engaglements are scored Seduiic r0 ntk elriaic oicdned is als uch
u7~ relative lime in Advantageous pos-tions and try win lose draw rdcr uio
'ec->115lAdv~antages of thrust vectorngy are ijiantrired arid the
T~rip
sensitivity of Advantages to weight otenalty is teteirininel
,rperin-ents are ilescirbed revults are ourn-oairtei and analyses
tresented brased on aircraft gperfoimanci. tiararrielnis Results are N72 1,1698"o LiOe Havillanit A cralt C,, Ltdl Downsvioew
also correlaterd wilt'r tfirviors extprrirments Author 'O'tario.
SOME ASPECTS OF PROPULSION FOR THE AUG
MENTOR WING CONCEPT
L) C SWnhittley In ALAHD Inlets artJ Nuoriley or' Aeruspcir,
N72 16695. Mcitmfoll Urril uttioneri Uniof Mirriclien Ii lil Hi .rIf Dec t9 71 14 1, ret% Sponsoreto ii traitlivy NASA
(West Creirrarryr feli-'r , Has Hoi~aril of Canadi~a and Canadiatr Depit iif Ind (See
AERODYNAMICS OF THRUST REVERSER DESIGN N) 7ty5 , 85 L)? 78)
W/ J Levis Moll% Fniryr Le Hit dtoi l: nijlrin, i-o
H r~itr -~NASA CH- 1 25540- Avail NiW, 71
21~
 28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS 265

manry mrwern cor~captp for STat. end V, S101 e-rcaft rely Fd72-167020 National Research Council of Cansal Ottaws
on integrationl of the I, Ipulsioni System with the living to create 'Ontarrol Drv of Mechranical (rEngrree.nig
fa%orakrl. Itt nd aer knowin as powered lift1
aneetus FLOW 016SI11IBON ANn PERFORMANCE MEASURE
con opt% A study of poweried htif. concerning manageavent and MINTS ON A 12 INCPr FAN IN-WINO MODEL FOR A
control of the various propulsive streams or ltt s piesaintod RANGE OF FORWARD SPEEDS AND ANGLE OF AT-TACK
each concept havinrg its 0-evn particular cotLjctrvOs arid SI1TTINGS
requirements Some specific cobioectrooet of this kind arc described Uwe A~ Schaub and Robert WN eassett ! AGAM9 Inlets and
Which relate to the Sugmitentof wing Consideration is giver, toi Nozztes for Aerospace Eng Do, 1971 13 p rets (See
three aspects of the subject namely the augmentoor flasp itself. N72 16685 07 28)
the voind ductoing and augmento; Primaly nozzea and the choice Avail NTIS HC SG3O0MF $095
of pomioerpiant or engine cycle More generallyv comments are The model comprisng a 12-in diameter fan burired ina
mae" oregrding noise attenuation and the prrosprect for achieving N ACA COtS sectioni voing woith a cionstant Chord of 40 in
a tow overall norse level for tot $101 aircraft of the future wee
1
t~stod at various angles of attack and wr speteds in thi'
Author 0*20 tit Closed proipulsion wind tunnel Tunnel tinterleratric.o
C~rretrOnS were estimated Typical corrections ware indicated
for the whole test:-1g range which became limited at very low
ciossflOw ratios as Asr*sult of uncerteritly in the coliectroli in
Lt
N72-166~a RllsRoye
Deby Englnd) Ovaangle of attack Flow Ijistoflion due to crosiflow occurred in
RAPID MIXING NOZZLES FOR V STOL APPLICATIONS bot tfiiltadei lnsI h r~Ewrtornezr
to 0 27 inflow drstortion was Observed to be velocity distortion
C M hestr%-,lots
ACRD n nd Nzzls fo Aeospaeat essentially constant total pressure whereas Outflow distorlici.
C M Chstrc
19 r A1GARDf ~itet aNd2
1668t5 Aeo cppeared
for28 to bara d-storiron of the eirt pilane Static Pressure field
Ato
Avart NTIS ftC 5600-'ME 095
If the maximum potential of a V 5101 aircraft is to be
achieved it must No capable of operating from a variety of both N72 167031x Boeing Co Seattle. Wesh
siesTheuseof igh hrut t weghtTHE
prepredandunpepaed DESIGNJ. OEVELOPMENT. AND TESTING OFA
reared and uitnprgiwih ednies hon sen
erg of highla thrulst retorwights SUPERSONIC TRANSPORT INTAKE SYSTEM
rati coverent
atlif r anulr nzzle retritsE
enineswit Tionrielano In AGARD Inlets and Nozzles 'or Aerospace Lrrg
this capability due to ground erosion, debris and hot gas Dc17t1 esSe17 68 7d
rlcirculation anid noise Model and lull scale ges~s demo.nstrated Avai N9IS 1I760 res MT $0957 16507.6
Avi The $
HefomC Fifo inluin
rtei enin archi5
0-0~ benefits to be obtained frorn the use of rapid mnislnp nozzles
with acceptbl thrust lost and engine length penalties The Tepromnecoei nldn nieaflwmthn
scope of the investigation extended to an examination of the requirements ot en axisymmetric mixed compresl.:on intake to:, a
th-im
el Arid ,rinsupersonic transpont application are described and related to the
- - r~ur intnrrr of the rerformance *1) thrust tli riinf th" drooirtn feature, of the ninake variab~le geomretry,
sugmrentcors usiry iirpid rtilxlrg rnuzlel Author comgioiiaiill Visois- technology is applred to the design ar-d
development of the boundary layer control system to account for
rirtakso viscous interactions and tu, scale model results to
full-scale designi, Small low angle bleed holes 20 dog to the
Ni72- tS700e Deutsche Forsctrungs urid risrsuchicanstait fuel Sor!4:9 yield high, flow Coefficients Hol1e diameters of
Lufi und Flaumnfihrt Brunswick (West Germany) Intra fusr &Pitroxrrnetely half the height of the boundary layer displacement
Luflsaugende Antriebe Eng Der 1971 101p hickness are used to improve the cleanliness of the irupiersonic
THE PROPULSION JET OF A VTOL AIRCRAFT diff1user flow and to maeximize Pressure recovery of the bleed airr
I. Schrwantes In AGARD Inlets and Nozzles for Aerospace refs Voris.ex lvers are incorporated in a fluidic normal shock stability
ISeoe N72 16685 01 281 System to allow operation at peak intake re-overy ard remain
AvariolNTIS HC S6 00', MF SO095 started during atmospheri' or engine transients Author
The three) regions of a vertical tekeollf Prop, ;soon let linhe
tree let the wall let and the zone of separation o1 the wall lot N72 16704# National Gas Turbine Establishment Priestack
from the grourni die to wind effects end buoyancy forces) viola lEngland, Eig~ne Test Dept
investigated with a three dimensional model 1et Behind the FREE JET TESTS OF A FULL SCAIJ SUPERSONIC
ygr!Otl-i~ accelerates up to suze~soniic veolcity INTAKE ENGINE COMBINATION

lower ltiriruleiice of the let with high sprred let decay and Ih n e 17 9orfsIe 7 1650 8
Avai NTIc 197C 160 MD le%(09 N75 665r 8
three drmensiornal spread are lower than thokle of the jet with
small nozzle velocity At the hot wall let there is a strong Results are presented from an experiment~i irnvestigat Ion on
influence of nozzle dr'.*ance from the ground or velocitj profile a full scale Concordle power plant in 5 Iftox 5 ht free let test
The decisive paraniet. characterizing the recircuilaton flow is f&ci1ly to irivesli)Jlet intake enli.ne compatitiilty ar supesrsonic
the radr-ir 0f separation of the wall let from the groundi The speeds undjer both stead- stale apj transienit iondmoicns 1 Thre
tre9havior of the radius of separation for different let paraineters main arm of the rest program Was ro studj the trehavoci i. ther
and several wind velocities is presented Author power plant when running -mdei the control of its flight systemns
.n parlrcutar diring the 'rvnsrents thai resrtti from the sudden
aIpplic~ati 01 Side slip or hrorn rapid engine )rov ar changes
N72 16701a Vnn1. Karmean Insi for Fluid Dynamics. Rshode Initial tests with tire intitkl alone enabled survey& co Lbe marde of
amt Genes: fBeig~urri the engine face Liressolrc distribution anti flucluatori over a wide

FOW ANALYSIS IN AX, SYPM~FTRIC SUBSONIC INLETS range iof tes r.oriritors The majour part ot the p-rr11", was
OFSMALL GAS TURBINES -irndertalieri with err Olynipus 593 two *pool turtrrielr engoine

repredif,ý.roliiatlji
D,)c197 15o (t. ithEcoe te pec-, gofelyof the trolt outer plower plant of the
RoaeMllar
6650 Se81tooy;.C
/ .... ea~ricrafi Author
Avail NTIý HC $6 Cr0- MF $0 95
* COMLOR 11teti axitytnfltvrir, airll t Cie sb ...r~ 1m31
trrrbint thus dor;Imrting the Il0w at tire comhrressor entrerile A N72 1fi?0!i Rir, Aircraft Co~rp filt,r iEnglarjir (rmmerclat
streannhrre curvat-ire iri~etlin to calCulatir thre tlrw in 'tie tiassaqe Annie,&: 0.,
and at tole umlaosrso, eye is trrrsentirl A urirvirisal tole,)"i of CONCOPDti POWERPLANT DEVELOPMENT
* te ii~rrrtil~iiiiSci
iuv~tir wa atrrlmr Ar'liirnalr~iiitlC S trey ri.arid 1) V Ml,r..s% I,, A(rAlttI Inlets and Nozzles
trounjary layer ,ariiat.(j,.s mav f-elpir i tthe atlalys-% of a fiir Aeioustn'-~ Etin tY
0,1.19 32 1i -.1% Sri,: N/12 16085
channel Soiseiite anthrol"leritiires"ult are shownf
Arndti L)7 28-
whi0h tendl nir -oil 'ii ti 1 Atrfiltl 'Ift tIl 11"001V- Auttiti A,art NtiS lW, $60C Mf S09,)9
 ~rnrnw . -r -~- ~ ~asfor.

266 28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS

The development of the Concorde power urirt is described N72 116709"s National Aeronatics and Space Adminristration
with particular reference to the problems encountered during Flight Research Center Edwards Call,
flight tesling The extent to which these problems wera predicted A FLIGHT INVESTIGATION OF STEADY STATE AND i
by altitude test Cell experience and the use of Such facilities in DYNAMIC PRESSURE PHENOMENA IN THE AIR INLETS
the development of the design aie also discussed Author OF SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT
fiank Wf Buichait Jr arid Dunalit R Bell-nan In AGARD
Dec 1971 1t2 p refs
Inlets Nozzles0 7fin2 8Aeruspetrre Err9
and I1668
N72 16706& Boieny Co Seattle Wash See N72
CONTROL CONCEPT AND WIND TUNNEL TESTING OF A tNwSA TM x 674956i Avail NTIS CSC 200
SUPERSONIC INTAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Thre drIlficulfy of achiev Ing adeor.a41 inlet performance aid
H N LArsen and Al G Schvrerkhardl In AGARO Inlets andI stabrlity snJ avoiding engine comirre~ssn staffs at supeisonic
No11le% 1,-., Aerospace Err9 Dec t1971 23 p rets (Soo speds has led to the investigation of pressule phenomena in the
N72 16685 07 781 inlets of severaf supersonic aircraft Results of tests with the
*Avail NTIS HC S6 00 Mr S095 F If 1t A airplane are presented Showing the inlet steady state
*The controller is indlependient ol other intake controllers and and dy~namric perforniance The inlet total pressure distoriuor that
of airplane data systems During starled intake Operation thrnat causes compiessoi stall *s dr.iiissed aonti the reou~ierrient for
Mach number is controlled with a tiansfatriry cenirerbocly and high respoirse instruifefltation I% demOnitiateit A lduct resorrance
variable position cowi throat idoors normal Shock position is ericujoteredi at Mach nuortiers near 2 (1 IS arralyzert and Shown
controlled with secondary air valves and overhoard bypass doors to t~ chiC to 3 noinict shock oSc-itlaiorin at the (Juct luodarrientat
Thes5 e two cuntiril loOps use intake duct piessure ratio sigi. vfs for i~egjericy Ano.ther type ot resonance in the engine far, duct ii
feeducack The desired riesstili it',, ieference value is scheduled shown to tie a3possitrle cause of reduced eng4re stall margin .n
with ccneireruri position anti triaseit with intake controller error afleiburninroyprteratron Plans for a cirnrprehensrue inlet study of
signals to Provide for varying intake Mach numnber and aIrgle of the yF 12 airptane are drsi~usserl ruicriodifg flight tests and full
týetestiji 0 y vortex valv.fs as an ?urrhaiy normal shock
ltatrility System niodril test! showier ft~at the controller can
maintain peak intake recovery while accomrincidatrny the required
sickl 1 3 scale dnd t 12 scale wind tunnel tests Author
.
disturbances Hot and cold day engine intake air flow matching N72 16110v Air Foruce Fig~ht Dynamics Let, Wright Patterson
IS autoUMatdicaly coritroflel ,tl
witrncrea,ed secondary valve air AFBOntoc
flow or an intake arin ewlert irlyirie ripo trini control An external SUPERSONIC INLET PERFORMANCE AND DISTORTION
-OniprlesSiOlii `nveri w 1.01
c m i.. stable i,,take air flow, with
. miiiaus DURING MA\NEUVERING FLIGHTI
lii. comreLo la i-stortion liosidvi for uristiriter srpnson-c t E Surb~er aid 0 J Stasa In AGARD) Inlets and Nozzles for
Intake operatior Aurthor Aerusjace Ergq Dec I '1 18 1, rel iSet N72 16686
C)7 28.
Ava. NTIS lW. ShaG MP 509n
Several p~o-s.Itre viehicle cutdiatosae presented and4
,r ari~cs Fort W..orth t onveir inicuic..- iii -rur -- -n A. 11
N72 16707- Ge 0r Tn-
Aerrospace 0-v terms of daifiarre inret iriteilratoir aril irt i rciirirrer

AN AERODYNAMIC ORAG STUD)Y OF JET ENGINE Featrairs ofat- tirefoirrdy aind loictirady w-ing isae
doriut~
NOZZLES~ preentertl together with wiric I nunrI trsI rirta com-paring thre
Daive Betrgman in AGARD rltiirt5 arlid Nuzzles tin Aerosoace nilet flow fields of these nrcrels TcLIliclues are describ~ed for
Eny Dent 1971t 12,p refsiSee N72 t 6686 07Z dBres.ijo aii i,,lets tor thle aritrrie llow fields It alsor rs.ifilnte

Avail NT rIHC $6 00 WF SO095 ... iulrritii rimloyell to ituc-ricirt -irlt pertormatice Air
To, a-I irozale anal,;rs in areas where ana)Ilytial inethiudS and are inlet perlirmarice arid duct flow distortion hrornt wind funnrel tests
lcrmu a- wniir tutrmere rograoi wuis conducted to inivestifgafe of dulleirrot iriodel ilesigos are cuniparerI to sfrow tire effect;. Of
irresure tile externlal 1;lrag4 chardctNrusics of several nlozzles at c-ircut g4eome-try Air Intle itesirair arri iraineiere lOr-IitiOO ower
troth on antnit oft JsirSijn txharsr craniwio(ns This shuts] involves the 06 tro 2 5 Macti riiiruitcirnarye Author
Ieif
'iz thieeierri pliny tire cronvergelnt a~id thqg
cinii-i-giuit ifnverq-1ri fypiin Flo inS hrcniitj nra, cite nozzles and
*sirlur wal let I~navSrrrintdS each used freilipnfrily in airplane N72 167111 Pratt anti &IrItinrir Aricraljt West Pain bieachi FlIa
-00or! tests were rirclurdedit, finle (irtiprafir Resuilts Show largje INLET ¶ýNGINIE COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS

,irleis .int Nozzles for Aerospace (nf,

. iwrr
rite ~ ~
chars
dry wthvaratins
ii stiira
. . . n . .r . nii. i .n . la. i. .it . . la- r. a.- c irni
n
n ehaut fow
. .-..
e . xh
. ust flo
ndS
inrn
antani
H fi Is
D en 19 7t
Ii. AGARO
tO I , re fs i!ýue N 72 tO 6 8 5 0 7 2 8r
*el.er is The insults als, otiiivl irisnirrtiifr irrettirnil for Avail N Tlb irt- ý,t !il Mi S6 95
rnrrrrgeurra-ns tr1im . Is-1 00 airpltr i iirirrutiN wwrIrI, to riot TI- rri-statirlizig adcftorstcorsideeii hri corn-ratnt~inly aliarysus
irt. ru
lii.. ~i ....
i xr Irs f-v Auitio, al i5runrrato u test rekriiir
.1-u1wi dii Ik Iiti't5

sv~ti'- ionfs-stinig if a -prileso,-i iilet andi a tritioflar enlginel

the ,riniancry rlestrt~irl:zIit lti
Illriifor ii nyiru a7.sriredwith
r~nrrlt isii i 1
un 1trioinn diriat .i rap.rftic hI diii itirig .onriple.i
N712 16108. 6ritish A.,irl a OIrdII Pir'trriLnr. arl uvdiiIririii Ildiattiis 1Inv ii niii..i....i urt? vaunt
JET EFFECTS CN BOATTAIL PHESSURE DRAG AT il111-i vm rtrrritInr i1.1iI.. l-It 11nsts "I. sIrnlt
SUPERSONIC SPEEDS Jiu,.:.iiriiiii rut -iiii. is-ii I ,- utel 111rnloss -Ii st Ill
1um
J A P Stoiiatai 1,, AGARO~ hlets .Irir' Ni~rzzlr iar, Aeiritie irnura i. w,.n .)-I .ti1lttr ar
... atItufu0,5ricri 0t as
Aljnir 1t
Io Dci t0 197t 1 1 ti re1s u
1e127 5f68507 Z8, ;,d,-s Is ririt rhe engine
f ni
ouenitr
-uprrrn frualttu l liressirre .0.ii .I
.ii~iiiir I ,,. I T1re
." rIlosses1 sI atlmargin
... I., itriun11, 1 r i rIneI ttOu
ni
Ant ariclysi'. .,

iris caingt '1ii , nri -i 11i

r nirI lilrirti is I . At!'trntnui r r uit ii iir -irarirolilelris try r r~ilmitrtfility

thzzle. t-A". -ii. .i i111. .Id, -rwi ".. 1i it lz.rIiI.~J:ii inn

Sller~r
t Isi fil-n t ilii
.111", ( fi fia ll ireq cirtil. Ci

-'Ztleni 0"" ar-Itla

"tii nsiiii I- rIn Ilil firf-,lnii irnr ii iII irirter -0 ... vwo-co" Ir
1

riase
ri"I.. ~ -i ... .. ..

-f1 ...r.urcl iti lI 'nn ! ii ri i i . ....- 16112ii

NuriiiP72 riirr, J-i il'iii
ril, I1 a. si MAilinrr
,t iresiirllriIiedsii %rser,
..... irll-rtii I."t ON T~lE APPLICATION OF1 A T I ME DEPENDENT
Irilli "i- ".1 1,~,- riiriir I i uj-l1n i TF CHNIGLIE IN TRANSONIC OOUBir FLOW NOZZLE
N: . Aririr SOlUTIONS
28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS 267

:aflo Oisnogh. and Enno Maich In AGARD Inlets and motzles A two-dimens~pital anJ an asymmetrical sot-up of very
foe Aerospace f>'t; Doc 1971 15 p rels 45SeeN72 166eS similar charlacteruslice. were builtto studyj the coexsrtence, in a
U7 281 constanlt section duct. of a supersonic let inside a subsonic let
Avail NTIS HC S6 00 MF SO 95 The experimental onalyss of the flow. made from presaure
A computer program was written which was able to solve readings on the walls and inspide the fluid. led to characterizing
aerSYrme~lrrr rrviscrrJ truwsý ur-,jampofatily irrespective of their the acptualimits of the two flows. and also the transelon domain
subsonic transo-r. or supe. %on.c nature Some results relating between them In the Iwo-dimensional case, the schrearer.
to a :ransonic nzlle and 4 sutisonic double flow nozzle are v~jIizaltzoii of the flow confirm$ the measurements The
presented and compared with experimental date Author thepiioretical analyse, based on the method of Chapractarf~st"cs
coanfirms the parielsi readings The maximum flaring beictron
differs from the sonic section' of the externial flow. which may
8472-167 13.p Office Nitional d Eludes at de Apchercheps load to faulty predictions in the case of a contoured etector
Aerospeltrees, Paris (Francipl Author
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION AT A SUPERSONIC COMPRE
SON INLET N472-11671711 Tfechneachep MochsChulo Aachen (West Cermany)
Bernard Ledocux and Rrrglfedillot rin AuAH4U tr~ales and li-azzles Inst fuer Strahlanitrebe und Turbjoeprbeitsrnaschrnen
for Aerospace Eng Dec 1971 10 p in FRENCH. ENI-L-ISH A NEW CONCEPT OF THE INLET 01516 AND OF THE
summary iSea N72 16685 07 281 THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE OF THE TURBOJET ENGINE
Avail UTIS HC S6 00 M F SO095 AT HIGH FLIGHT MACH NUMBERS
A direct method is derived in wlh h the deal compress-ble W Delttrerrng and 0BeScker fIn AGARO Inlets and Nozzles for
flow in Ina duct is established fro, the duct and the cowl Aerospace Eng 0clc 1971 10 p rets (See N72-16158
shapes The computed pressure dritributions are compared witlh 07-28)
those on trie external shroud and cowl during wind tunnel tasts Avail NTIS MC 1600(!WF SO95
The voloprrty distribution in the duct is deducted An indirect At high supeisonec speeds the efriciency of the inlet
method is also presented starting from the pressure distributionl strongly depends on the diminution of the Mach number before
on the external wall and leading to the flow field The calculation the normal shock Theoretical investigations show that this
is chocked by comparing the streamline corresponding to the deceleration can be increased by replacing the internal
"seup inlet with the lIion cowl meridian shape Author compression in the Dladeless cha-re! by1 a supersonic ruter Dlue
to the deceleration of the relative flow and the inc-ease of the
circumfarentirl velocity from rotor inlet to Outlet, a -ignricant

N72 11611411 AS Kongsberg Vapentabrikk (Norway) Gas augmentation of the stitic pressure rdtic, is achieved Moreover.
Turbie Divthc Mach number can be decreased by Ihe transfer 01 mechanical
Turbie Divenergy to the rotor After the tiansilion to subsonic velocities in
THE ANALYSIS OF A SUBSONIC AXISYMMETAIC INLET
FOR
RIt
COMPRESSOR MATCHING
btanley In AQAFILl Inlets and Nozzles tor Aerospace Eng
the statpor. the energy was returned to the flow either by a
conventional compressor, or by a second supersonic rotor
accelerating the flow between the coimbrustron chamber and the
-
-
D~c: 1971 13 p reti fSee N72 16685 07 28) ozeSai lsua n eprtrsi hstrde nie
Avail NTIS NC S600 MFS1095 whichl opeaticp wihsusni
sre em atei curomparablento
beaurstion.
The measured velocity distributrimn for Ilie or~ginal inlet is wihoeae ihsboi obsin t oprbet
compared to the distribution obtained by a method of numerical those of the supersonic combustion ramjet Author
analysis It is shown that the favorable results of this comparison
led to the development of the inlet by a method of numerical
analysis in preference to a model testing technique The N72-1t6718# Mriesserschmrtt Eloplkovv Blohm G mb N . Munich
recommendations are presented together with the results of an (West Germany)
experimental analysis ojf the redesigned inlet criuaonThe WIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATIONS OF A SUPERSONIC
melthod of compressor matching is touched upon Aguthoir AIR INTAKE WITH VARIOUS AUXILIARY INTAKES AT
upon uthorLOW SPEEDS
Herbert ErbIand Rfeinhard Friedrich* IDFVLR. Brunswick) In
AGARO Inlets and Nozzles for Aerospace Eng Dec 1971
12 p (See N72 16685 07 28)

.
AvailNTIS NC S6C00/MT 5035
N72 -16716ai Office National dEludles et de Ttecherches, In the low speed tunnel, model te6sts were carried out on a
Aeirospatrales. Paris (Franice) twianargne aurczzticn~u!-r with arr r'rtek~s 'Octe rt h-
STARTING CONDITIONS OF A MIXED COMPRESSION upperl aide of the fuselage next to the trailing edge of the wing
AXISYMMETRIC HYPERSONIC INLET The measurements refer to the flow field in the compressor inlet
G Laruolla and J Leynseri fIr AGARD Inlets arid N(czzles for area of a supersonic intake at which the rnfluencr4 of auixiliary

Aerospace Eng Dec 1971 9 p relsIn FRENCH ENGLISH intakes of different shap'e% were investrgated The results are
summary See N72 16885 07 281 presented as isobars of the total iii the
pressure distribution
AvailNItS NC S600iti SO095 compressor inlet area the pressur lossand distortion
parameters
An improved diagram including an elementary representation are discusted. strongly dependent on the inflowincidence and
of the interaction phenomrrivon is used By neans of this on the intake flow mainstream ratio Author
diagram. test data on axisyrrmetrical inlets at high supersonic
speeds are discussed, and tre nilluerces of some parameters areN7 189iNaonlAraucsndScedmitain
calculateod AuthorN7-1 9e NtoaAeoatcaidSae dmntrin
Lewis Research Center. Cleveland Ohio
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON PROPULSION AND
ENERGETICS PANEL 38TH MEETING ON INLETS AND
NOZZLES FOR AEROSPACE ENGINES
M72.16716#1 Office National d Etudpps at de Recherche* David N Bowditch and Rodclfo Mont, iNaples. Univ, I Paris
Aerstipaitralais. Paris IFrance) AGARD Feb 1972 6 p rels
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE (NASA TM-X 67741. AGARD AR-41) Avart NTIS CSCI 21A
COEXISTENCE OF TWO TYPES OF FLOW IN A CHANNEL The application and use of inlets end nozzles in aerospace.
WITH CONSTANT ClOCGS SECTION .;STOL. arid kippipurip. pu- usii nyslers
. ie ilisirisJ 0 t..
Jacques Paulon In AGARD Inrats and Nozzles for Aerospace cover test techniques and facilities, experimental results from
Eng Dec 1971 12 p tals In FRENCH. ENGLISH summary small rig tests to flight tests and theoretical analysis of
(See N72-16685 07 281 propulsion asystni flows The piroblems associated with such a
Avail NTIS H-CS6 00/ MT $0 95 system are also discussed EN W
268 28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS

473-t9714% Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and N74-197g8 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft-
Developrnent. PAr iFrnce)
y und Aaumfahrt. Brunswick (West Germany) Inst fuer Aero-
BOUNDARY LAYER EFFECTS IN TURBOMACHINES dnmik
J Surugue. ed (ONERA. Chatillon-sous-Ragneux- France) Dec INFLUENCE OF THE DEGREE OF TURBULENCE ON THE
1972 473 p rfts in ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS OF CASCADES
1972473p re64 I EGLISH. spartly F Avan lNCH S HCR Klock In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in Turbomachines

$2575 Dec 1972 p 73-88 refs (For ava.,abilhty see N73-19794

Studies dealing with the role of boundary layers in tur 10-28)
bomechine design and operation are reported Th.e areas, of An tnviscid degree of turbulence is calculated from the
invstigation includes aubsonic. supersonica and tranronac flow circumferential distribution of the potential flow ve:ocity behind
machines For individual titles. see N73-19795 through N73- a rotating cascade This is compared with measurements of th ¼
19815 degree of turbulence at a stator inlet of a multi-stage axisa
compressor Extensive measurements on the influence of the
turbulence level on the aerodynamic coefficients of several
N73-19795 Von Karman Inst for Fluid Dynamics. Rhode-Saint- two-dimensional compressor cascades were carried out These
Genesa (Belgium) contained wake traverses, boundary layer measurements and
ON THE TWO DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYERS AS pressure distribution "3n the profiles These investigations were
THEY APPEAR ON TURBOMACHINE BLADES carried :%ut in incompressible flow in the range of Reynolds
K .. Pspailiou. A Setta (Cagharl Univ). and F Nurzia (Genova numbers between 90000and 270.000 both in a low speed and
Umv) In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in Turoomachines a high speed cascade wind tunnel Author
Dec 1972 p 1-27 refs tFor availability see N73-19794
10-28)
Universal curves were developed which relate general
properties o' optimized boundary layers suitable for the critical N73-19799 Detroit Diesel Allmon. Indianapohs. Ind
side of a blade, to overall design varlabies The problem of EF3ECT OF
Ir01E EFFECT OiFREE
FiEE STREAM Al IiPolis.
TURBULENCE LVd LEVEL ON
maximum deceleration was considJred and universal curves were TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER BEHAVIOUR
developed which estabish the deceleration which .an be realised G David Hurfman. 0 R Zimmerman. and W A Bennett In
giving a length and the initial conditions for the bound-iry layer MGARD Boundary Laver Effects in Turbomachines Dec 1972
These universal curves were established for incompressible flow p 89-115 refs (F,_. avalabdhy see N73 19794 10-281
Usng Le F01's method with the introduction of a typical Mach The results or anr experiment to determine the effect of
number as an additional parame er it should be possible to
extend the universal design curves to compressible flow The free-stream tirbulence level on the classic boundary layer
effects of curvature on turbule-nce are discussed and it is shown propert, - indicate the foirowing I1 The bourdary layer thickness
that Bradshaw's model could be used not only for differential ncreas-.- with increasing turbulence levil This was considered
bu! 3!so to' !nteg-.! -e!hods Arrthnr as highly due
the being to the
excited State of tee entrainment
increased bounDary Detween about
brought tee by
snear

later and Ine free-stream IQ) The mean velocity remains largely
N73-119796 Unied Aircraft Corp. East Hartford. Conn Research unchanged in the inner region however, there is a marked
Labs reduction in the wake component as the free-stream turbulence
PRACTICAL CALCULAIlONS OF TRANSITIONAL BOUND- level increases (3S The skin friction increases with increases in
ARY LAYERS the tuibulence level (4) Thb shape factor decreases slightly with
H McDonald and R W Fish In AGARD Boundary Layer increed lurbulen~e level due to the reduced wake component
Effects in Turbomachines Dec 1972 p 29-53 rets (For io LG
avolabiliy so@ N73-19794 l10-28)
A general finite-differen;e procedure for computing the
behavior of compressible ",rro-ddmensional boundary layers is
presented together wiltl a turbulence model which allows
quantitative predictions of the location and extent of the transition N73-19800 Motors n und T-irionen-Union Muenchen G to b H
region between laminar and turbulent flow as it is influenced by (West Germany)
such disturbances as surface roughness and free-stream ANALYTICAL APPROACH FOR THE LOSS AND DEFLEC-
turbulence Reverse transition re relamerrarration, caused by TION BEHAVIOUR OF CASCADES IN TRANSONIC FLOW
large favorable streamwise accelerations, is also quantitatively INCLUDING AXIAL MASS FLOW VARIAIlON
predicted by this pr,.)cedure Iri Solution procedure depends upon Leonhard Foft.ar I/, AUJAHU rj,•..nary Layer Effects in
the calculation of the streamwite development of a turbulent Turbomechines Dec 1972 p 11" 139 refs iFor ava lability
moiing length whose magnitude is governed by the turbulence see N73-14794 10-28)
kinetic energy equation A large number of comparisons between The method described conta;' a - on of the viscous
predictions and measurements were made and in general very transonic flow past cuscades of slender. ýlrut tI; cambered profiles.
good agreement was obtained Author and includes the local supersonic fi, 'u. the terminal compression
shock and a varistion of the axial mass flow ocnsrly across the
N73-19797 Natonal Gas Turbine Establishment Pyestock cascade The influence of a change in axial velocity across the
IEngland) cascade is considered by introducing additional strips of sources
PREDICTIONS OF BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION ON end sinks into the singularity method Thus there are induced
TURBOMACHINERY BLADES velocities on the profile surface which have to be added to the
J Ounham In AGARD Boundary Layer Effoct. itn Turborachiaes surface vslocrties of the plane case The local supersonic field
Doc 1972 p 55-71 refs IFor avarlability see N73 19794 whrch burids up downstream of the scnc point is treaed by an
10-28) empirically corrected supersonic expansior The location strength
Transition may occur either in the form o0 naluril transition of the compression shock terminating the sunerson-c field
or as a laminar separation bubble ending in reattechment as a downstream is obtained by an empirically corrected normal shock
turbulent boundarv layer Existing theories of both types are appuied relation The viscous effect is determined ty means of a
to predicting the avadabie Irasilton observations on lur boundary layer calculation along the profile contour The problem
bomachinery blading Owing to tho high free stream turbulence of interaction between the boundary layer and the normal shock.
C cC! u'. tcrn 3,ch rrc.
un "r•' jn't 2td1s rt usi evh b', 5*u-i! w hich is perjicjieriy • p•iri-t nt in the rorm)filornlion of vsiscous
transition, bul 1oo few oxpeirmenlal moasurements are available effects is closely investigated with the aid of the available lest
to test the piedict-ons adeuuale~y More experiments were data The eritire flaw loss is determined from the shock losses
conducted involving bubble transition and after modifying the and the profile losses The latter are obtained from the boundary
theory to allow for free stream turbulence Viredi~liuns agree iater values at the traili-ig edg-e with cuns,de-.rt,o,- of possible
fairly veil wrth measrements of the positron and length of smaI separation a'eas and the mixing losses ro(juced in the
transition bubbles AL.thor wake Author
28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS 269

N73-19801 Von Karman Inst for FIhd Oynamics- Rhode-Saint- N73-19805 Motoren- und Turbmren-UInron Muenchen G m b H
Genesi (Belgiumn) (Walt Germany)
BLADE OPTIMIZATION BASED ON BOUNDARY LAYER THE INFLUENCE Of AXIAL VELOCITY DENSITY RATIO ON
CONCEPTS COMPRESSOR CASCADE PERFORMANCE iN COM-
S•/uang Huo In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in 7T1 Soma-hri as PRESSIBLE FLOW
Dec 1972 p 141-170 refs iFor avarlabrly see N73-I9'7CI W Healmann in AGARO Boundary Layer Effects in Tur-
10-28) bomachines Dec 1972 p 221-240 refs (For availability see
An optimization method based on Le Foil's theory is describer, N73- 19794 10-2R)
This is an inversai prublem v. here one specifies the optimum Results of theoretical and experimental investigations on the
boundary layer and obtains the velocity distribution. By using influence of the ratio between the axial velocity density upstream
potential methods the corresponding profile or channel shape and that downstream on the performance of Plane compressor
may be obtained The calibration procedures for the incompressible cascades in compressible flow are presented Tests were performed
and compressible boundary layers are shown Some examples in a 7-rinch transonic wind tunnel where upstream turbulence
of the application of the method are givon and the wok still to levels were varied It could be demonstrated that the change in
be done in the compressible case is discussed Author carcade pcrotmance with the axial velocity density ratio
substantially oepends upon the blade boundary layer behaviour
N73-19802 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luh. At fully turbulent boundary I )yers the axial velocity density ratio
und:aumf9ahr. Porz (West Germany) Insd luer Luhstrah!antrtebe ,nfluer.es otily the separation point positrons At laminar turbulent
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW THROUGH CASCADE$ WITH boundary layers in addition the transition point positron from
INOPRESIB Fwhich the separation point positions depend will be influenced
SEPARATION Boundary layer calculations conducted in the theoretical part of
W Geller In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in Turbo3m1chines the investigation have qualitatively cor•irmed the experimenla:ly
Doc 1912 p 171-186 refs (For availability tee N73-19794 achieved results as far as the influence of the axial velocity
A2 sodensity i,,ro on the tiansition and separation point position is
A scd gularity method is gbsen for calculatr dte
g flow int concerned Total pressure loss at vaious axial velocity density
cascade wah constant blade-surface pressure dis:ribttion in the raiswscluae yapyiga prxmtv ehdo
complete region between separation pointý on the upp•er and ratios was calculated by applying an approximative method of
lower surfaces The contours of blades are replaced by vortex determining the characteristic boundar'r layer values in sepa-
rated flh.w and then comparing with "he test results Author
sheets Source distributions on the contours in the region of
separation are used for simulating displacement effects of the
separated wake The positron of separation points must be
estimated before starting the calculation Their actual position -s N73-19808 Rolls-Royce. Ltd, Bristol tEngland)
found by boundary-layer computation As shnwn by comparison THE ROLE OF BOUNDARY LAYERS IN AXIAL FLOW
of theoretical and experinmental results calculated pressure TURBOMACHINES AND THE PREDICTION OF THEIR
distributions and flow deflection angles generaiiy agiue wv.; with ¢.FFECTS
measured data. while the corresponding drag coefficients agree N J Seyb In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in Tuijbomachines
satisfactornly Author Dec 1972 P 241-259 refs tFor availability see N73-19794
10.281
N73-12803 (ffca National d Eludes atide Ftecherches Aerosa- The prediction of boinda!v layer condition.s within a tur
N.,-les. Office N d e rbomachihe is reviewed from the engine designer s viewpoint A
.rates. Paris iFrancel
INFLUENCE OF ANCLE OF ATTACK AND DEFLECTION brief outline of the problems and compromises forced on the
."1N BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW IN ýra-lGHT CASCADE aerodynamicist is giver followed by a discussion of the boundary
bLADES JINFLUENCE DE L'ANGLE O'ATITAQUE ET DE layer prediction methods currently in use Becausc of the extremnely
LA DEFLEXION SUR LE DECOLLEMENT DE LA COUCHE compircated flow patterns present in a turbomachine only the
'.IMITE DANS UNE GRILLE D'AUSES UE REORESSEURI simplest cases tie flow in two-dimensional cascades' have
responded adequately to theoretical treatment Simple and
Jacques Pauron In AGARO boundary Layer Effects in practical methods 3re described for the prediction of the boundary
Turbomachines Dec 1972 p 187-201 refs In FRENCH layer parameters. fran, d laminar separation points, bubble
iFor availability see N73 19794 10-28) sizes and heat transht. -ants. etc for any cascade. incidence.
Cascade blade performance as affected by boundary layer Reynolda number, turbu;ence level. etc Comparisons between
riluw andii.rr;t:.ot-.g df! !$sOn.
ea ne' Tralilng edge experiment and prediction are given and it is sho.dn that there
backtlow and static pressure degradation are analyzed in is gaOd agreement A.!hor
fw.
detail Transl by E H W

N73--1 l807 Motoren- und Turbinen-Ur ion Muenchen G m b H4

N73-19804 Technsche Unrversrtaet Brunswick iWest Gbrmany) (West Germany)
Inst fuer Stroer•ungsmechanik A CALCULATION METHOD FOR THE EXTERNAL HEAT
THE EFFECT OF AXIAL VELOCITY RATIO ON THE TRANSFER TO TURBINE BLADES
AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS OF A COMPRESSOR 0 K Hennecke In AGARD Boundary Layer El!,its in
CASCADE IN VISCOUS FLOW Turbomechines Dec 1972 p 26"1-273 refs (For avaiibility
U Stark In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in Turbornachines see N73-19794 10-28)
Dec 1972 o 205 220 refs IFor availability see N73-19794 A complex calculation method was devised to predict the
10-28) local temperature distribution in a cooled turbi.ie blade The reporl
Both theoretical and experimental investigations of the effect is devoted exclusively to one of the key elements of thf procedure
of axial velocity ratio on the aerodynamic coefficient% of two which is an integral type boundary layer analysis to predict the
compreasor cascades with NACA 65-110)06 profiles are described dist.ibution of the external heat transfer coefficient The analysis
For the potential flow calculations tho Pollard- Horlock method has been ar4apted to the special re'uitements of turbine blade
was selected Boundary-layer calculations were performed based cooling research Thus it ac, -,unts for the combined effects of
On the potential flow velocity distribuftons Tte aerodynamic compressibility. lIminar at well as turbulent flow regions.
coefficierts were calculaled from the boundary.layer parameters favorable and adverse pressure gradients, smooth and or rough
at the blade trailing edge the experimental investigations were Ulde eurla.:.. l•tcri! con..c-•.-i•:.- 0" divsrrjsi -rIi- tonireretuRe'
carris out in a low-speed cascade tunnel Both the theoretical dependent fluid properties Fu,thermoie in the evaluat-on of the
and vxperrmental reý-.,s show a considerable effect of the axial heal transfer coefficient a pressure gradient in flow direction
velocity ratio on the aerodynamic performance of compressor and a longitudinal temperature gradient within the wall are
cascades The agreement between theory and experiment is quite )nsideied The method also allowb infection into the bounda,y
1
satislhctory in as far as no severe flow separation occurs layer erthor local (lllr. cooriing or continuous 'i0ffusiOii couling
Author Results are presented graph.cally for a cooled tu:bine blade with
 270 28 PROPULSIOW, SYSTEMS

C¢ertain Profile and sp-c.fit now conditions For tills example. N73-19811 Van Kerman trias. for Fluid Dyn-mics. Rhode-Saint-
the vaio~us features. 10.t'ed above, were studied individually and Gene"~ (Belgium)
the magnitude of their .fecta cn the heat transfer coefficient SECONDARY FLOIN RESEARCH AT THE VON
to derrOcnstrated. Author INSTITUTE KARMAN

J. W. Stillt,ge In AGARO Boundary Layer Effects in Tur-

b~omchinot Dc 1972 p 333-361 refs (For availability see
N73-198 Office Nationael d'Etudesate do Recherchers Aerosia N73-19794 10-28)
tiiers. Pons (France) Expermentst' wort in cascaje secondary flows accorrplished
METHOD OF CALCULATING THREE DIMENSIONAL i the past ton years is revewed with the objective of pointing
TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION WITH out difficulties common to the felu Investligetions included top
APPLICATION TO A SIMPLE TURBOMACHINE CASE clearance erets, Irow aspect ratio effects. and the beginnings
[METHODL DE CALCUL DE LA COUCHE LIMITE TUR- of basic rseserch on the influence of blade loading and riet
BOULIENTE TRIDIMENSlONNELLE JUSOU'A LA SEPARA- boundary layer characteristics on common compressor blade
TION APPUCATION A UN CAS SIMPLE DE TUR- profiles The objectiviw of current investigations is to select critical
SOMA(;CINEI configurations ior in-depth study of the end-wall boundary layer
R. Michel In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in Turbornechines development through the cascade with a view toward refining
Dec 1972 p 277-292 iefs In FRENCH; ENGLISH summary the experiment for use in the truly three-dimensional envir-,nment
lFoi availability s"e N73-19794 10 28) of a stator row An mnnial experiment on end-wall flows is outlined
The proposed .-oethod is bae•d on the determination of and typical data shown An improved technw.cde is discussed.
similarity solutions for three-dimensional turbulent boundary including test apparatus and probes to be used Other topics
layers: solulions established from an improved mixing length discussed include an interesting method of reducing secondary
model The charactenstics of the families of streamw.se and flow losses (partial blade slotting) and the critical anaiysis of a
croo.swise velocity profiles obtained in this way are then used in simple. but geometrically limited, theory predicting secondary flow
a method for solving boundary layer global equations Applied losses at high blade loading conditions Author
and tested previously for aeronautics problems, the technique is
extended to treat *urbomachinery problems, taking into account. N73-19812 Princeton Unv. NJ
among other things, the effects of rotation walls The case of THE PREDICTION OF AXIAL COMPRESSOR PERFORM-
the swirling flow in the diffuser of a centrifuge compressor s ANCE WITH EMPHASIS ON THE EFFECT OF ANNULUS
ALL OU AR LAS
examined, and t'.e posiritr- o! separation. i e the circle on which
of
the wall streamlines accumulate, is determined as a function
the inlet angle. it is also found that a rotation at the diffuser G L Mellor and T F Balsa In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects
in Turbomachines Dec 1972 p 363-374 refs (For availability
walls entails a much slower thickening of the boundary layers see N73-19794 10-28)
and a noticeable recession of separation. Author
Current res,,Its are summarized in the development of a
computer program to simulate axial compressor performance
N73-19890 Institute TNO for Mechanical Constrvs-tions. Delft The program incorporates a new theory of annulus wall boundary
iNetheriarti,;. lavcr, -wh:ch -,ed~crs a-i-lus boundoory-layer drvelnormen' and
MEASURED AND CALCULATED TURBULENT BOUNDARY losses Aside hlom the work involved with the constructbn 0o 41
LAYER FLOW IN A VANELESS RADIAL DIFFUSER the program. considerable effort is being expended to eiagnose
C S. V 0 Voorde and J Bos In AGARD Boundary Layer existing multistage data in terms of the rather sir.ple parameters
Effects in Turbomachines Dec 1972 p 293-310 refs (For associated with the arnulus boundary-layer theory Author
avaiabilty see N73-19794 10-281
A method is presented for predicting two-dimensinr,.l flow N73-19013 Cdmbridge Univ (England)
through a radial diffuser with flat parallel walls The method is PREDICTION OF ANNULUS WALL BOUNDARY LAYERS
based on the integral entrainment method and is valid until the IN AXIAL FLOW TURBOMACHINES
flow is fully developed Equations are given for prediction of M Daneshyar. J H Horlock. and H Marsh in AGARD Boundary
the velocity distribution across the diffuser width at any arbitrary Layer Effects in Turbomachines Dec 1972 p 375-392 refs
station, prediction of the radial distribution of the static pressure (For availability see N73-19794 10 28)
recovery, and calculation of the diffuser efficiency from the Various existing integral boundiry layer methods have been
predicted and measured flow An experiment conrdlcted for examined and their predictions are compared with a wide range
validation of the prediction methoi is described During the of experimental data The sensitivity of the boundary layer
experiment very accurate measurements were irade of the v'elocity calculations to the mainstieam data input has been examined
distribution across the constant diffuser width at various stations Author
along a diffuser radius The experimental values concurred weil
wrth predicted values D -G
N73-19814 Technische Hochschule. Aachen (West Germany)
ANNULUS WALL BOUNDARY LAYERS IN AXIAL FLOW
TURBOMACHINES
N73-19810 Technische Hochschule. Aecher (West Germany) W Bitierlich and K Rubner In AGARD Boundary i-ayer Effects
Instl fuer Stishlentriebe und Turboarbeitsmaschinen in Turbomachines Dec 1972 p 393-413 refs (For avitlabrl1ty,
APPUCATION OF BOUNDARY LAYER FENCES IN TUR- see N73-19794 10-28)
a OMACHINERY The influence of annulus wall boundary layers, which differ
H Pruemper In AGARD Boundary Layer Effects in Turtiomachines considerably from ordinary boundary layers. is shown as it affects
Dec 1972 p 311-331 (For availability see N73-19794 10-28) the entire flow in turbomachines Starting fi.:m the measured
* The major secondary flows occurring in turbine stages are velocity distributons. the radial balance in the axial gaps and in
presented and their causes and their effect on the total flow the cascade channel of the rotor and Stator is established by
are discussed Through visullization of the flow lines near the means of the conservation equations for mass, momentum and
well and e*.curate measurement of the three-dimensional loss energy The special effacts of the transitions between stationary
dstriatbtion of cascades with short and longer blades detailed and moving cascades within the region of the annulus wall
*information may be ubtained on the mechanism of the secondary boundary layers are illustrated The velo,:-rv distributions measured
flows and the secondary losses thereby Produced In the course in the boundary layer region are thus explained In contrast to
of experimental tests aimed at possibilities of suppressing what had been generally assumed. strong gradients of total
se4v.ondary flows and secondary losses incidental theieto the enthalpy Occur within the boundary :.yer For the blade
method of using boundary layer fences on the profile suction momentum boundary valueol at the ifirl-uIlu ýwah -d at !he
sides of the blades proved to be particularly effective and mean radius can be indicated, so that a Qualitative distribution
economical Finally. the experimental -esulls obtained from the of blade momentum may be established The theoretical
application of this method in a turbine stage are presented statements and results have been conirmed by experimental
Author investigations on a single-stage axial flow compressor having a
 28 PROPULSION SYSTEMS 271J

very small hub-tip ratio Theory and evps-nrent show clilary N73-19818 Deutsche Forsc~'ungs- und Versuichsonsta:- fuer Luft-
that the influen, e of wall fInction is not confined to the boundary und Raurnfahri. Goettingen (West Germany)
layer region but, even with a small hub-lip ratio. affects the HIGH SPEED SCHIIEREN FILM OF THE PULSATING FLOW
entire flow channel Author IN A TRANSONIC TURBI14E CASCADE
0 Lawaczeck In AGARD Boundary Laver Effacts in Tui-
1473-191S Office National d Etudes at de Rocherches Ae70Spa- lxomachrnes Dec 1972 p 469-473 refs (For availability see
tiales. Paris (France) N73-19794 10-28)
RESULTS OF INTERACTION OF SHOCK WAVE WITH A high speed schlieren film is discussed that was Taken in
TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS AT MODERATE MACH a cascade rind tunnel on a supercritical flow throigh a special
SUPERSONIC NUMBERS rRESULTATs SUR L'INTERAC- type of a turbine cascade The flow pattern near the leadingI
TION CHOC-COUCHE LIMITE TURSULENTE A DES edyes shows that the upstream flow is stationary although
NOMBES
140MFIEODEEMEN
E DE
MCH SUERSNIQESInoristatidnary effects were noted near the trailing edge The
ACHMODREMET
SPERSNIOESIquestion is posed as to whether the nionstatronary effects are
J Delery and J C LeBalleur In AGARD Boundary Layer initiated by the disturbances origigrated by thre tree let boundary
Effects in Tixbomachrnes Dec 1972 p 419-440 refs In of the cascade oi by the interaction between the trailing edge
FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (For availability see N73- 19794 shorck and the wake ot the blade DL G
10-2 8)
Ratolleion oi an oblique Shock vwave on a turbulent bounder(v
layer was studied experirmentally on a Iwo-dimensional plane
set-up at two Mach numbers. 1 62 and 1 92 In both cases the N7~3-24786# Adviaory Group for Aerospace Research and
upstream (low was uniform and the Revnolds number was around Daviiloprnent. Paris (France)
100.900 The variable parameter was the shock intensite Particular RELATIVE AIR POLLUTION EMISSION FROM AN AIRPORT
attention was paid to the set-up resign for minimizing the IN THE UK AND NEIGHBOURING URBAN AREAS
perturbation effects and also for obtaining a good measuring A W C Keddies (Dept ol Tr~do and Ind.- Stevenage. Engl) G
precision, especially for boundary layer probings Author h Roberts (Dept of Trade end Ind.- Stevenage EngI I. and J
Parker WDept of Trpide and ind.- Stevenage. EngI 1 [1971) 10) p
N73-19816 rion Karman Inst Io Fluid Dynamics. Rhode-Saint- rets Reoor from the publ "Conforetce Pro-print rIo 125 on
Genesia (Belgiumi Atmospheric . llutron by Aircraft Engines" Paris. AGARO. 10 p
SHOCK WA~VE B3OUNDARY LAYER INTERACTION IN Avail NTiS HC$300
CASCADES Air pollution levels at Stanstad Airport. England. in relation
H Girepentrog In AGARO Boundary Layer Effects in to emissions from four nearby towns are ditcijsgea Calculations
.Trirborrachines Dec 1972 p 441 -456 rets 'For availability have bean made of pollution emissions frorr these four Sources$-
"seN73-19794 10-28ý arnd also frcm the alp-)rn. asodthe expected contributions from
Experimental dat3 obtained vwith compressor cascades were these souices at three local rites have been examined. These
analyzed to determine the mrain parameters that affect tltii IC values are compared with actual mteaburaemnts at the thiree
boundary layer interaction regrri These parameters were foand site& Author
to include (Itrthe displacement thicki-rIs of the boundary laver

fconsidered
* upstrepnr of the shock. (2) the snock intensity. and (3) the pressure
gradient downstream of the shock Taking these parameters into
account. a simple n~odal of the interaction was designed The N73-26800# Advrsory Group for Aerospace Research and4
model oinly Considers the asternal effects, such as pressure Development Paris ifrancel
distribution on the blade surface The model presented is MODERN METHODS OF TESTING ROTATING COMPOI-
only a tentative one and further research is indicated NENTS OF TURBOMACHINES
to understand the interaction ot a quasi-normal shock with a M Pianko ed lSeiv Tech Aeronaut Parisi May 1973 St p
turbulent boundary layer in compressor cascades D LG rels Partly in ENGLISH. partly in FRENCH C~ol held at Toulouse
18.21 Sep 1972
ia Office National d'Etudes -i de Recherches Aerospa -
Pr,(rceThAGR (AGARD AG 167 Pruiinad neetcPaecodceN73-19817
AGARDograph.t1671 Avari NTIS HC S4 75
BEHAVIOR OF BOUNDARY LAYER IN SUPERSONIC sirvey on the methods used to test *,he rotating components of
STRAIG1HT AND ANNULAR BLADE CASCADES, FIXED AND Irirbornachines The objective was to assess the advantages andI
MOBILE r1C0MPORT!MENT DE LA COIJ1,HF LIMITE SUR usefulness of the so called elementary tests compared with the
GRILLE D'AUBES SUPERGONIQUES PLANES ET AN- tests r 6ud.ncojtcc cr9r s~fasdc- aJilvadrle
NULARESIanalysis of thre answvers recer%ea Irom the qjuestionnaires and
Jean Fabri and Roland Soviano In AGARD Boundary Layer a xhneC iw mn h xet pone ytePnl
Effects in Turbomachines Dec 1972 po457-468 refs in general roisclusions are riesented on the varue and use of cascade4
FRENCH. ENGLISH summary (For availability see N73-19794 test data testing and measuring erturornnt for cascade tests
10.281testing techniques for supersonic: compressor cascade texts on

reursa cuaekoldeo e*o performances Straight or turbine Reynolds number ellects cold testing of turbines
an anua
spesni bae asaesweeused for the ri rmlso tblt iddistortion tssAto
inetgto.telte n en ihrfxdo rotating The
effct faye
bundry
deelomen inthee badecascades is
So~ihliitxbrstensi th compressor
flowpet ielpradsshoc andure
or
coniguatin
a wal a prssue dstrbutonsonthe blades
(staigt
fxedannlarcasade)
ad o onthecasing (fixed
and otaingannlarcascdes wee tkerTheconclusion from
theanaysi
istha atlowbacpirssue. estarted supersonic
flow in the cascades. Ilow configuration and pressure distributions
ar vry similar on all three experimental set-ups However, at
hig~h back pressure, with strong shock waxes induced in the
blade channel, shock wave-boundary iý,ver interaction is qurte
different in static and rotating cascades it seems however 1trl
owing to the effect of centrifugal forces induced by flow rotation
in the annular cascadri the difference between flow p~atterns in
this type of expcrimental ý-efup and on rotors is not very great
* Author
- 29 SPACE RADIATION Preceding page blank 273

29 SPACE RADIATION
includes cosmic radiation, solar flares, Wolar radiation. and
Van Allen radiation belts For related infornaston see also
13 Geophy$ics. and 24 Physics. Atomic. Molecular. and
Nuclear

No abstracs n this subjet category

I°
-I1
30 SPACE SCIENCES27
Preceding page bIpnk [
30 SPACE SCIENCES
includes attt~r~or y and astroph~ysics. coe notogy. lunarA
and planetary fltghi and *xploration. 4rid I?..OrO!,cal
anulysis of olbi and tralectory For gLoted informnation
see alao I1IFactitile Raaaard' PMi Support. and 31
space Vaehicles
I
No abstractsmi this subject categorv
31 SPACE VEHICLES Preceding page blank 277

31
31 PACESThe
W~iLESsystem
S ACE VF;SC seniors that provide references for the DAD control
reca isle son sensors. fine sun sensors. Adcole aspect
.seribors. rle and position sensors, inertial reference unit.
boresight tracker, gimbal star trackers, fixed head tracker. and
ii~rcudes launch vehicles manned sparea capst- ..s. clustered magnetomeaters, The coarse end fine sun senior, usi analog type
and mult istage rockets, satellites sound- j rockets and sensois and aer pa-t of the OAO control loop The espect
probes,.n prtigpolm For t' sic research S" sensors are digital type and are used with the magnetometers
30 Spac Sciences For related info' nation see also 28 primirly for s..rtudle determinationThintalesosreue
Propulsion Systems. and 32 Strur ural Mechanics to slew or reposition the vehicle and are also used to inertielly
fioldl the spacecraft The gimbal trackers and boresight tracker
are used for stellar control holding the vehicle to en at-titude
N72-12861# Advisory Group .o- Aerospace Research sridacucyoonac it6Ahr
Development Paris (France)
ATTITUDE STABILIZATICI'. OF SATELLITES IN ORBIT N72-12864m Louvain Univ (Belgium) Inst do Mecanique
SeD 1971 152 p refs PASSIVE AND SEMI-ACTIVE ATTITUDE STABILIZATIONS
IAGARD-LS-45-71) A- ail NTIS DUAL SPIN SATELLITES
P W Likins and P Y Willems In AGARD Attitude Stabilization
CONTENTS of Satellites in Orbit Sep 1971 t to
prefs (See N72-1 2861
1FOREIWýAID p ill 03-31?
2 SPEPi(ERS pryi Avail NTIS
3 IN;RODUCTION H Vigrieron p vii Dual-spin systems find space applications in mnisso~ns for
4 40TATIONALODYNAMICS M A Frik (Tech Hochschulo. which the ability to point some instruments or a platfoim with a
Stut~er1. W~estGeail 14 p refs ISee N72 *.2862 03-2 11 good spin St'bilization is -squired The equations of motion of af
6 SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE SENSORS WiTI- EMPHASIS deformable system includmig internal momenta are derived The
Hue)N ASAE GoddardG ASpaceNOMIitCAnL OBSERV r rTORYT equilibrium configurations of such a system in free space and in
Hube tNSA
pac oddrd
Fh~it antr~l16 res (ee n inverse square field are obtained The attitude stability of a
N72-12863 03-2 11 deformatile gyrortat a convenient idealization o? a dual-spin
6 PASSIVE AND SFMI-ACTIVE ATTITUDE STABILIZA- satellite, is investigated The effect of dissipation in both sections
TIONS DUAL SPIN SATELLI"ES P W Likins and P Y ~ of the SvSterrý is discussed and a rigorous method permitting the
Witlemns I Louvain Univ )I 11 p refs ISee N72-12864 03-2 1) stblt eemntini e ot uthur
7 PASSIVE AND SEMI-ACTIVE ATTITUDES STABILIZA- saiiydtriaini e ot
TIONS FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT P Wi Likins [Calif Univ - Lns
Angeles) 13 p refs (See N72-12865 03 211 7-26*Clfri ni o nee
81 ACTIVE ST'ABILIZATION W G Hughes IRAE NPASSIV6E CAliori UnI-CIVELos AglsTaLZ
TUD I
Fainborough. Englandl 17 p refs (see N72-1Ž8666 03-211 PASSIVLE SANDCEMI-ACTIV TIUESAIIAI
9STABILIZATION OF EOLE AND PEOLE SATELLITES IRFEIL SAERP
Huuir Cetr
NllD'tuesSplileBrezogny-Sur-Orge. Peter W Likins, in AGARD Attitude Stabilization of Satellites in A
HugrerI~etreNa~
D~ude Spliees.Orbit Sep 197 1 13 p refs (See N72-1 2861 03-311
France) Z8 p (See N72-12867 03 211 AalNTIS
10 DEVELOPMENT RESULTS OF THE ESRO TD SATELLITEThinlecoftaert nigltysidtfedste
PNFLMATC den SY1EMVV
EmoFlaunfawecnek m H.proe-emient current problem in attitude stabilization of passive
n1
1r a GTHl 20I pTITD rE N MN
ASeRE 126680
AND R-2 L and semi-active spacecraft Attitude control anomalies in the
S tSTHE II
A BuATTITD lSURMaeN ANDspzl
MEApan9 CONtRoLA flight histories of eight Satehllite are attributed to nonrigidity.
SYSTeMIaly 1urti (Seeani Industri6l A03 saz-21Sp) manifested either as unexpiacted internal energy dissipation or
Roe1255 14ITD
p OTON OSe THE86 AP3-211 CKAF unanticipated structural deformations Recent progress in the
12 ATITDE F THONTOL
APLLOSPA'cCAFTdevelopment of methods for analysis of flexible spacecraft is
R H Sattin IMassach Inst of Tech. Cambridgel 10 p refs Surveyed. winh atrention to discrete coordinate methods. vehicle
,See N72-12870 03-211 normal coordinate methods i;nd hybrid coordinate methods
Nevyresults are provided for each of these analytical procedures
and the uIlt of these results is discussed in the context of
N72-12862o Techniach. Hochschule Stutigan W~est Germanyl anticipated
a %uer M~ediansac e future
liyAto spacecreafAuho
ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
Marlin A FriK In AGAk-i Altitudci Stabilization of Satellites in
Orbit Sep 1971 14 p refs (Fee N72-12861 03-311 N72-12815a Royal Airlcraft Estabi~hhmenr. Farnoorough
Avail NTIS (England) Space Dept

The findamrentals of -.ie rotational lynamics of satellties ACTIVE STABILIZATION

are conoidared Basic x~eomtiric and kinematic relations are W G Hughes In AGARD Attit~iidrr Stabilization of Sateillites inI
revie~ved and the Fular equations describing the rotatronal Orbit Sep t97 i 17 P re!; See N72 12661 03-3 1)
motion of iig-d brijies ate deiaved The torque free motion of Avail NTIS
dynamically symmetrical as welt as unsymmetrical satellites is A survey is g~ven of the principal devices a,,dlahle for the
investigateirr ncluding a stability analysis of permanent rotations generation of control torque. cove'ing mashý expulsion systemis
about axes of principal mnomenits of inertia External torquey. (Cold gas. hot gas electric) momentum exchange system
such as gravity -gradient, magnetic aerodynamic, and saa (reacti-on wheeis. control moment gyrovi and maqi~eric loiqur~s
radiation ltoruess which are causeid by the intaract.an ~ifan For ieaction wheel systems the conipleter linearized equatior.. f-
ofiln,atlit wt isenvironment. are diiscussed Fi,.ally. foi motion in three axes thet effect Of interaxis couplings are siud-*:
some !ypex of nonrip-d satell-tas the equations of '0100i~ are Contriol in a single axis is considieredl in det~d Mass espuxior.
anitirdered Auno
Aurno, and magnetic techniques for ioriienlurri unloading aie d~scusi ed
~~~~~~~Control
-roment gyro yersaedc.1i Plltsirn
are Studied from the viewlioi -r cii achievy i high piecision while
26*
N7 ainlAeronautics and SFiace Administration preservir jf economy in the u-C of ler fioe; Difficulties arising trom
SPAoCECfRApieFlTjl Calte. C0eerntcI: 1'd ONlet delay anti sensor delay and r o-se are minnmized by the usa Of
SPCERFT'TTITUDE SENSORS WITh EMPHASIS ONa signel vrocessi,,2 racrnique 1 6101r iiiupoiereu -idi xl Ii:
THE ORBITlr4G ASTRONOMICAL OBRSERVATORY spacecraft dynamics Finally. rhe speciul properties of riertially
Thomes E Koubei In AGARD At' iudle Stabilzation of Satellites referenced Systems aro considered together witl, the
in Drhit Sep 1971t 16 p refý (See N72 12BEI 03 31) gyrocompassing technique for use in earth pointiig spaceciah'
tNA&A- M X 673P4) Avail '471S CSCL 228 AutlfOr
278 31 SPACE VEHICLES

N72-12867# Centre National d'Etuder Spetieles. Bretigny-Sur- Functional analyses of manned aeopac.e systems foe the
Orge (France) deeign of automatic avionic equipment ore reported. Oiboard
STABILIZATION OF EOLE AND PEOLE SATELLITES computer cepabitdiies to perform decision maieng functinm.
[STABIUSATION DES SATELLITES EOLE ET PEOLE! adapt". control, malfunction detection and compensation
Phdippe Huguier In AGARD Attitude Stabilization of Satellites real-time control are considt'ed. For indrviduol titlel. a
i Orbit Sep 1971 28 p In FRENCH (See N72-12861 N73-23882 through N73-23905.
03-31)
Av henl
NTIS N73-23882 Massachuzetts Inst of Tech. Co.ibridgs
The orbits an statbilization simulations of the Ell nd MAN'S ROLE IN INTEGRATED CONTROL AND !%FORMA-
Peole sateilites are discussed. VarKius methods. in particular the TION MANAGEMENT SYSTEý.!S
gravity gradient method, are discussed in detail. The accuracy of J L Nevins and I S Johnson ;.;- AGARD Automatw, in
the methods was also determined Data are included for the Manned Aerospace Systems Mar. 1Si33 7 p refe (For
attenuation, energy dissipation, and the differences calculated for availability see N73-23881 14-31)
both satellites Mathematical model* are included An infofrmation processing and data maneger'ent system is
Transl by E H W reported that relieves mans role in such tasks as pre-flight
subsystem checkout and periodic system status checks The
N72-12868# Erno Reumfehrtrechnik G m b H. Bremen (West prototype generalized display and command technique outhned
Germany) features a pushplre interactive control scheme with graphic
DEV¶LOPMENT RESULTS OF THE EBRO TO SATELLITE display in connection with an airborne computer G G
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Warner Inden In AGARD Attitude Stabilization of Satellitesl n
20 p refs (See N72-12861 03-31) Ae3-23a83 OfficeN
Sep 1971
Orbit NTIS Aefrospatutles. Par,. [France)
Av,,ad
The attitude control requirements and principles of the AERAC VELICEF
ESRO TO satellite are reviewed, and thd propulsion system are AEROSPACE VEHICLES
The TO propulsion system is an argon cold gas Jean-Claude Wanner In AGARD Automation in Manned
explained
Aerospa' Systems Mar 1973 h p u For availability
system with no redundant pans which is based on the life time
of 11,2 to 1 year in orbit The test results of development, see N73-23881 14-31)
qualification. and flight acceptance are illustratsd as the influence The Franco-ritish airworthiness "i-"hOftles -,wele the set
of technical specifications required fiti - or to insure
of the dynamic response on thrust the problem of leakage and
contamination, the regulation as a fun~tron of m,,sron time The the salety of the missions of this r!,iV tra.FndP ai::-afl In older
successful subsystem Qualifications. especially vibration tests. are to guide the definition of these vc.sv regulet-ons f. theoretical
method was developed for evaluat-L, tiro ;biiaty o& the missions
shown Development techniques for nozzles. system filling and
leakage checkout ere described The performance of the small of r.inned aerospace vehicles It .. .,--J based on an
Autior rnvest'•tion of the way of OccorCrje- i,s I. hi, S haiin
nozzles 1•012 NI used on Tb is snown
seen that an accident is due to a -er Y; w.-;iJents which can be
classified into only tihree different types The study orf each type
N72-12869x Compagnia Industriale Aerospaziale SD A . Rome or incident, the probability of occurrence which has to ie reduced
(Italy) in order to ,nnrease the safety. is very useful to help thh designer
THE SlRIO ATTITUDE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL of a new prclect to choose between possible solution% taking
SYSTEM into account the relatility of the systems, the possible ,uman
Alessandro Ruratti In AGARD Attitude Stabilization of errors and the flight co.iditions Author
Satellites in Orbit Sep 1971 14 p (See N72 12861 03-31)
AvaI NTIS N73-2388. Grumman Aerospace Corp. Bethpage. N Y
The Sirio altitude measurement and control subsystem THE INFLUENCE OF COST AND TECHNICAL RISK ON THE
components, their characteristics their interconnection wiih DESIGN OF THE AVIONICS SYSTEM FOR THE SPACE
other inilts the-r mode of operation and how they are -mployed SHUTTLE
are described Component test problems are discussed wheie Howard T Wright In AGARD Automation in Manned Aerospace
appropriate, as in the case of the sensors and of the nutation Systems Mar 1973 9 p (For availability see N73-23881
damper Emphasis is given to attitude measurement and an 14-311
estimate of the accuracy which ray be achieved both in the The evolution of the Space Shuttle Program from its inception
!ran.fe! an.d :n. the gccsteacrary oth;: g,.'re Aulhc'r to tho release of the request for proposal in April of 1972. has
been influenced primarily by cost considerations Various
N72-12870 Massachusetts Inst of Tech. Cambridge Charles configurations werf studied, and cost pre-flights were traded
Stark Draper Lab against developmental .-ost These studies indicated operational
ATTITUDE CONTROL OF THE APOLLO SPACECRAFT costs between 45 millhor, and 158 million dollars per flight
The baseline configuration w•. based on zhe bes competition
RiCa,d H Bartin In AGAR) Attitude Stabilization of Satellites between development and operat-•.al cost ccnsiiJerations The
in Orbit Sep 1971 10 p refs (See N72 12861 03-311 configuration selected was a .orIll obrni vehicle v ith an external
Avihd NTIS hydiogen and oxygen tank and two solih iockr,lt ergines This
The digital computer is the central conrnl element in• the configuration results in operatiornal cost psi tiijht of approx-
Apollo control guidance and navigation system The primary imately I I million dollars Author
autopilots of the various spacecraft configurations of Apollo are
implemented digitally in this general purpose p~ocessor Successful
control system design was made possible by capitalizing on the N73-23885 Northrop Corp Palos Verdes Peninsula. Cahl;
nature of digital processing and explorting tfie attenuant flexibility AUTOMATIC ACQUISITION AND TRACKING METHOL6c
and nonrl,rei i,,,;o,:,,r , , ,; . . :_ EMPLOYED IN THE JOINT SERVICES IN-FLIGHT DATA
control system hardware, a ietailed treatment of one of thesi, TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (JIFDATS)
autopilots. coasting flight altitude control is givei, Author " N Leiboff In AGARO Automation in Manned Aerospace
Systems Mar 1973 21 p IFor availability see N73-23881
14-31)
N?3 23081# Ad-visor Group -t Aeropace rt isae c;, and JiI'AT. i& r., all ir.a;lher. 'a#.• ,ht. r..uiti sers-o; n fliii'-;
Development. Paris (France) data transmission system designed for use by all the military
AUTOMATION IN MANNED AEROSPACE SYSTEMS services Tt.e normal operating mode for JIFDATS is automatic
Mar 1973 322 p r(ft In ENGLISH arnd partly in FRENCH Except for the usual checkout. servicing and maintenance activities
Preseited at 24th Tech Meeting of the Avionics Panel nf AGARD in which personnel take a large part. the Only need for
Oylton. Ohio. 16.19 Oct 1972 personnel functions is to establish the proper conditions for system
(AGA.RO-CP-114) Avail NTIS HCS1826 operation turn on the system. and monitoi the of-"ration to
 31 SPACE VEHICLES 279

assure continuity of data transmission In each coo* though. N73-23869 Saab Aircraft Co. Linikoping (Sweden) Systems
there is a ma..ual back-up mode, for bylpsasing the automatic and Avioniics DepttI
features of acquisition and tracking A sccnario of a typical tactical SOME DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE INTEGRATION OF
recofiasimance mission is presented shrowing ttie vano aosteps ELECTRONIC SYSrEMS IN THE SWEDISH AIRCRAFT
4ken by the operator in the censor aircraft, the operator in the 37 VIGGEN
role, aircraft. and personnel at the surface terminal during qocli Bengt Spao~bn in AGARD Automation in Manc-ld Aerospace
phase of the mission It is shown how the relay aircraft Systems Mar. 1973 8 p (For availability see 1%73-23681
automatically, acquires ~he aensor aircraft which to transmitting 14-3 1)
a low bandewidth Signal on an omnni-diraclional antenna, while a The Swedish 37 VIGGEN aircraft is beirnj; devulloplad in sevorll
rotates its high-gain narrow boom directional antennas The sensor verisions and the electronic systems of the atteck vesrsion and
a irc raft lock~s on to the relay while the relay and ground terminals the later fighter versio are comparted and Some lovelcniment
acquire and track. Author trends are discussed. An increased role of the central co:T4-Tv ier
is recognized as well as a trend towards digitalization of severa;
0173-23686 Consiglio Nazionale dells Ricerche. Genoa (Italy). subsystems. Author
DETEPMINATION OF AN OPTIMAL TRAJECTORY IN THE
PRESENCE OF RISK N73-23690 Aeritaltc. Turin (italy)
A Tieno. P Dognino. and M Pratlelli in AGARD Automation MULTILl(.DjP ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A
in Manned Aerospace Systems Mar 1973 19 p rats (For SATELLITE W1114 FLEXIBLE BOOMS
availability see, N73-23881 14-31) R OsLoranzo and E Oe~einardis fIn AGARO Automation in
A controlled dynamic sysixm is consjidetoed that displaces Manned Aerospace Syrtems Mar 1973 13 p iefs (For
within an assigned Space. where r moving targets are contained availebility see M73-23881 14t-31)
An optimal control Sequence transfers the System from an initial A dclas of momentum oxchantjl devices control configurations
pont to a preset terminal point sri that the optimal trajecwiry is has bean considered, homely that vvich provide a momentum
thle one which, complying with sime safety constraints imposed quite larger along one body axaii rathei than along tiie other
,IV the targets. minimizes a given cost function A~s*Qming that ones. The general equations of a satellite controlled in such a
the ;votem may be supplied with periodical information about way have been used in order to provide a ccrftrol system wvhich
the mot~io of the targets. a numerical algorithm utiluzing a dynamic is independent from the particular devices used, these eluations
Ppro'gramming pr>ouei eemndTi r~dt :apidhave been modified in order to take into account that the satellite
to two Practical problemis (1) Marine anticollision aided by has a couple of flexible booms. A simple muhtiloopo controller
computerei-5d radar &,,tarms in the presence of N targets. aricl has been designed for such equations, and it asShown that. to
fiý detorminatrcon of ari i.ptimsI evasion strategy in the pres- adapt it to each particular actuators configuration it is only

ence uf cyclonic disturbaiices Author necissary to iesign three very conventional inner control loops
Fina'!y. a simulatl'n of the full flexible systems has been made
N73-23987 inrwh American Rockvv.i Corp. Downey. Caiif ilsing f-OATRAN 5. ýNith reasonable numerical values of the
SPACE STATION Ii."ORMATION SYSIEM. REQUIRE.- designed cnlsiocripig rigid the whole Satellite reults either in 1
MENTS: A CASE HISTOWY OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM instab-ty, or very degraded pointing accuracy Author
DEFINITION
C A Gerber fIn AGARD Automb~on in Manned Aerosszce N73-23891* National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration
Systems Mar 19'i3 8 p IFor avair.,nilrty sea N73-23881 Marshall Space Flight Center. Huntsville. Ala
14-31) OPTIMUM SPACEBORNE COMPUTER SYSTEM DESIGN BYI
The NASA space Station definition btudies incorporate a SIMULATION
multiplicity of automated supporting functions to eriiance the T Williams (Computer Sci Corp . Hluntsville. Ala. H Kerner.J
useful work capability of very few men The SS infor-ration L lweatherbee (COMPuter SC. Corp , Huntsville. Ala 1,0 S T-kylor
system is the means by which the men interface with Z11 (Comp iter Sci Corp.. Huntsvi -a. Ala). and B Hodges fIn AGARO
su~bsystems. .pace eaperiments. other vehicles. giou. .d suppoit Automtatio.' in Manned Aerospace Systems Mar. 1973 12 p
facilities and personnel It is therefore a driver in determining ref (For availability see N73-23881 14-31)
what program and mission coolectives can be satisfied The study CSCL 098I
resulted in the definition of an information subsystem consisting A deterministic simulator is described which models the
of a unique zombination of multi-processing computation, internal Aur.'mstically Fleconfigurable Modular Multiprocessor SYtsteri
data distribution via a digital data bius. crew in~erfacing via a 1AARMMAS. a candidaie computer system for future manned and
set of multi-purpose display arid control consoles. .3nd external ur manned space mission* its use assa tool to study and determine
data distribution via a combination o) VHF. S nrd K boind RF the minimum computer system configuratin necessary to satisfy
links Author the on-board computational requirements of a typicar mission is
presented Thre paper describes how the computer system
configuratioin is determined in order to statisy the data processing
demand of the various shuttle booster subsylems The configure-
N73-236888 international Business Machines Corp. Houston. tion which is developed as a result of studies with~ the simulator
Tex Federal Systems Div is optimal with respect to tna efficient use of con outer system
AUTOMATED TECHNIOUES FOR SPACECRAFT MONITOR- resources Author
ING
H Rlichard Segnar In AGARO Automation in Manned Aerospace N73-23892 Consiglio Nazionele della Arcerche Pisa (aly)l let
Systems Feb 1972 12 p refs Sponsored by NASA (For di Elaborations dell lnformazione
availaboiliy see N73-23881 14-31) EXTENSION OF SIMULA 67 FOR PROCESS CONTROL4
CSCL 228 4
The feasibility of implementing automated spacecraft Juliusz H. Kardasz in AGARO Automation in Maimed Aerospace
monitoring depends on four factors sufficient computer resources. Sy'stems Mar 1973 13 p refs lFor availability see N73-23881
suitable monitoring function definitions. adequate spacecraft data. 14-311
sr'd effective and economical test systems T'he advantages of Copyright
automated monitoring lire in the decision -makin-g speed of the An eslenwon of SIMULA 67 towards process control is
computer and the continuous monitoring coverage provided by reporireci Tire externsion is prepafed wviii,aril idea vf usurr¶yIt li
an automated monitoring prograr.. Use of these advantages control large systems of interconnected devicsis where the
introduce.. a new concept of spacecraft monitoring in which necessity fof real lime simulatio'n arises, in order to define a
system specialists ground based or onboard. freed from routine future behaviour of the system This oiratension combine* both
and tedious moniloi~ng. could dn.-te their exmiertisn to unpro characteristics of procedural and fill-in-the-I lank (format oriented)
grammed or ýcintingency situatiof. Author languages The programming reo-jirements for process control
 31 SPACE VEHICLFS

spiplwcaticms are at1. -Laid and a companson is made between iputs into Inl exrijmrtv5' system comprising a digital compultr
sonic algo1ritl-rruc langu., -4 with tso to use degreeis in which and electronic display-.-uicrdbied
cis A Comet 4 &,(craft has
they me"t these requirern.. % This discussion shows that been roe~qijpped 0s a IFlya'1 iiLaorstory Fur this work The
SIM U IA 67 requires the ins.< citoion of lessnew concepts installationin the cabin of the sircro!! and some of the current
than other languagess inorder to be w :%nded forprocets control experimental investigations are described "The c.-ackpit of the
These new concepts include first of ali "* interface withi a Comet has also been -nodified Ity the a~ddrtion or ;"tierintmnel
process which usintroduced by an external cis" ..: be implesments- electronic displays to the second pilot's instrument panel
tion deied A procedural language is used for conw.:vmcling the Author
boyof the system. composed of procedures and classes4
Auth,,: 173-23897 Systems Conttol. Inc. Palo Alto. Calif
CURRENT STATJB OF MODELS FOR THE HUMAN
M73-2393* N4-ijnAl Aeronsutis and Spae Administration OPERATOR AS8 A COliTROLLf A AND DECISION MAKER
L~ytscoitS Johnson Spae Center. Houston, Tes iiý MANNED AEROSPACE SYSTEMS
SYSTEMS 'ERFORMANCE MONITORING FOR ADVANCED A V "ittak SnJ D L Kleinman In AGARD Automation in
MANNED SPACECRAFT Manned Aei,;nace Systems M~ar. 1973 10 p refs tFor
T V Chambers lIn AGARD Automation in Ma: nod Aerospace availability sileehll ?'3881 14-31)
Systems Mar 1973 118p rots (For availah-slity see N73-23881 Mathematical models ;' human decision processes anc
*14-31) adaptive behavior laeva been p;nposed for specific control
CSCL 228 situations Accepted techniques and moie!ý for analyzing and
Optimurr system mecharrtxations for advi5nced manned ,redicting human performance in complex multi :isntrol and
spacecraft are considered Several studies have proposed multi-di~splay situations commonly found in aeropatce b,,reni
automation of the onboard system management thsk, with are surveyed The models have been dsvetoped or proposed for
*functions Such as system sta~us monitoring. coifiguration the related human functions of informatton processing, decision
management, and rmsdundanc-' management being accomplished making and controt The relative advantages. disadvanI46ges and
under comrnutar control An experimental system was used in limriations of eacht of the modeling schemes are discussed and
the labo itory to minvestigate hardware and software requirements oroapects far r.sachanuizng all or part of the decision functions
for accomplishing these onboact system managemrent functions performed by human operators are considered, specific examples
A perforimance monitor system is proposed for the space shuttle being in the automatin of human failuie detection and adaptation
This system provides support to the flight craw in thui management to sudden changes in the system opieiating conditions. Author
of all onboard systems but does not perlorn, zrl;cal switching
functions during the flight phase Author

N73-2? 394 Selonia So A. Rome (Italy) M73-23898 hayal Airci itt Establishmer.., Bedford (England)
A GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER FOR SPACEBORNE MANUAL LAND:NG IN FOG
APPLICATIONS A R. Newbery In AGARD Automation in Manned AerospacA
SScasso and R Camberale tin AGARO Autorniton in Manned , a.m& ?Aa; 1973 19 p :af; )For N73 23881
--stb~t~co
Aerospace Systcms Mar 1973 18 p (Fw, availability see 14-311
N73-23881 14-31) The results of 18 !og flying sorties using a Category 11
A modular expsndiaoliv computer system is studied for a operation terminated by a manual landing have been analyzed
wide range of possible sp~ace missions (he main goals in designing in an attempt !o learn more about the pilot s capsbiiities in this
the computer have been maximum flexibility and reliability environment Measurements ware made to correlate the pilot's
minimum weight and power consumption and growth capability decision making process with actual fog structures in reeal
to f it future mission requirements The study resulted in a store I operation A wide variety of fog structure and visuAI sequences
p~ogram, 18 bit. psiatlel machine, with microprogran med contrrul are illustrated which demonstrate the lack of relationship between
which allows full arithmetic and logic capability 1,3utoutput the visual segment at high decision hetights, the height at which
includes program-controlltsd and direct -memory -access chiint-als visual ;ontact is first made and the runway visual range
the meir. points of trade-off for system design aie presented measurement The pilots felt that Category 11 operation was
and a description of the basic computer units 9! the functional straightforward provided that good quality approach performance.
block level is given Author strict craw drills a accurate RVA reporting to give warning of
zhaflow or changing fog conditions along the runway were
N73-23899 Societe Nationale li-Custrielle Aerospatiale Paris maiintaineid Author
!leance)
iNERTIALESS FLIGHT METHODS IPROCEDE DE SUAVOL
NON INERTIELI N73-23899 Aerospace Medical Research Labs . Wright-Paltterson
P J Bigeon, J Langlois. and R Berrqlir /r AGARD Automation AFE. Ohio
* in Manned Aerospace Systems Mar 1973 19 p In FRENCH MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF DEGRADED MAN-
(For availability see N73-23881 14-3:.) MACHINE PERFORMANCE
An automnatc inertialess fligh: control and guidance system Gerald P Chubb In AGARD Automation in Manned Aerospace
is reported that determines ai~ciatt position by precisely calculatinq Systems Mar 1973 11 p rats (For availability see N73-23881
actual flight course dew-atior. (fn talemetric guidance correction 14 31)
An oribouard computer pr,>ce~ses clata from a platform containing System vulnerability is a function of both human and hardware
it,rectronal and vertical gyroscopes. !-om an automatic pilot. ard vulneiiabilitres to anticipated threat environments The feasibility
from an atmospheric pressure sensor Trans] by G G of considering the interaction of man and machine degradation
under nuclear attack ,tnditions has recently teoen demonstral-id
N73-23896 Royal Aircraft Establishment. Farnt-orough lEnglanill It appears that the tochnique may be useful in identifying coirrain
THE EXPFRIMENTAL EVALUAIION OF AUTOMATE.) situations where automation may be part.culariv useful urder
re~viqeATION SYSTEMS the"e attack conditions although the requirement is not obvi'3us
i G CaerrIn AGARO Automation in Manned Aerospace System% from analyses of syctem performance under nominal opeiatina
Mar 1973 13 p tFor availability see N73 23881 14-31)l conditions The approach. taken appears girneralusizele to other
Certain aspe't:s of automated avionics systems which art degradation conditivint. such as inflight maltunctions and
being examined in the RAE Cornet exercise are described The conventional weapons battle damage Given suggested changes
emphasis is on navigation systtems and includes the wo A on in man-machine task sequencing, the model can aid in rassess-ng
digital computers and on-board digital communication techniques. ho-.v these changes may affect selected systems effec.twaniss
software developments including the use of high level program measures A number of refinements ai-d extensions to the current
ming languages, and the use of compuuter controlled electronic capabirties3 of this model are envisionf-1 end briefly discussed
displays The laboratory work using simulated navigation sensor Authoi
 31 SPACE VWHICLES 281

N73-23900 Marconi-Ellioitt Avionic Systems Ltd., Rochester 0 A Lloyd In AGARO Automation in Manned Aerospace
ifnglaind( Systems Mar IJ73 31 p refs (For availability wee N73 23881
DEVtLOP#AENTS IN AIRCRAFT DIGITAL SYSTEMS 14-31)
R Rugljee eNWE M. Scott in AGARO Automation on Manned The statistics of the output state variables of aulc-motrc
Alaroepaece Symsten Mar 1973 11 p (For availability a". aerospace systems are of considerable interest and of wide
1,17-23811 1-31)application. particularly in the case, of marrned systems The %opatr
The affects of the relationship i~qetween usili need and shows that the exponentia~l probabditiy distribution can be usad
toclvnoilogwall capablr-ty are consiudered for Mlight control se opposed as an approximation to the distributions of the output s'ste
to navigation are smont physical characteristics of current digital variables of practical aerospace systems for a wide range f
autoplots are given The funictionel drydio and integration of practical situations The use of the exponential distribution as a
avionic Subsystems are conusidered anid it a concluded that practical mathematical tool is suggested in the asserssmernt o!
integration in the foarmOf l00sely federated groups of r~sted some of the performance statistics of starospace systemni both
*systee is prelfered to thve centel~ited coffpurar complex in spite for preliminary calculations and for final calcutations involving
of its apparent conceptual simplicity The concapt of task the extrapolation of test results Author
oriented computers is discusaed and the main Fiaoremeters of
somre eliatting examples arefgiven Some deflailsof the sinchitectura. N73-239041 N--:' ."-ronoutics and Space Adflini.tration.
software "n hardware for this type of computer aer given Ar. Wisa~ngli,.- D C
example, ulf the apiplicatioin to automatic flight control with a POIENTI/.L 7'ELFOPERAT-JR APPLICATIONS IN MANNED
reQuirement for a fail Operative capebility a given and the problem AERC40/-'C -
of dealing with tolerances between operating lentersis briefly Edwin G Johnsen In AGARO Automation in Manned Aerospace
discussed Author Systems Mar 1973 -ý p ieli (For availability sie, N73-23881
1 14-31)
N731-23901 Hawker Siddeley Aviation. Ltd. riatfield (England) CSCt. 05-
HUMAN FACTORS IN LOW WEATHER OPERATION OF The trend of toleocperator developnment is toward digircl comn-
TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT puter contiolled systems which utilize local sensor-computer-
J w Wilson in AGARO Automation in Manned Aerospace actuator loops to avoid obstacles and to sense manipuletor grip.
Systems Mar 1973 6 p (For availability see N73-23881 and-slip The potential applications of advanced releoperator tech-
14-31V nology to manned aerospace systems include long manipulator
Practical experience gained during the manufacturer s flight booms to be mo>unted on the shuttle These can transfer cargo from
development testing and airline in-service operation of a the space shuttle and can acquire and retrieve objects in Space
*failure -survival Category 3 automatic landing system is reviewed Free-flying teleoperstors capable of acqluiring. inspecting- repairing
for indications of the estent to which human factors have aiffected or refurbishing satellites in orbit are another space application
the design of the system and the techniques used by the airline Another potential application of teleo.rarator technology is the
in order to reach the very high safety levels that are necessary concept of using an anthropomorphous teleoperator in lieu of
Teit prionti fatrs i.nfuenivrng the d::mpe" ofltdthe tas re an contr90Solaacrhor Sspith.. Wti omllaotrlehb
0'Po3-no dest iot-gdvcsfrle r h numan pilot Author
optimum area of each crew member's primary visual scan. to

coto ytm.4)apiaino detclpoeue o s A-AHN CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DEVELOP-

in ateory1.
3) esin or3 f te wathr.
s~lo an MET O A OCKIT ORAN AIVANCED TACTICAL
development of proceaures such that thes maximum number of I TE
manuall and automatic functions that require action, checking or S Joel Pfremselfaar and 0 E Frearson iAFFOL) In AGARD
monitoring can be completed before the final stage Of the approach Atmtni andArsae5itm a 932
to land. and (4) the decision to land should be made which
)cissible. compatible with a go-around performance
aso
will
avilbit
AFo cocpi concept81for a3 97-11n-mn
revalutionaryseas-38t1

not ormlly esut intouhdow Auhormulti-misaion fighter aircraft completed an initial simulation phase
ystmsAr ommad.
P4732392 Foce rigt-Pateron FB.recently The design goal of this concept is to achieve a 'ne-man
M7-30 i oc ytm omn-Wih-PtesnA8 workload level by presenting the iijlot only the information
Ohio Airborne Computler Engineering Btanch necessary for the particular mission segment he is perlotrr-ng.
AVIONIC SYSTEMS INTEGRATION USING DIGITAL and yet provide rmaximum flexibility in terms of pilot Options
COMPUTERS Key elements of the cockpit design are M-iltiple, time-shared
f rwin C Gaingil In AGARD Automation in Manned Aerospace eIec*,on~c di.ptiiyx kriyhoorii !1r- vjrce co~rns'nd compu~te
1
!>Vstems Mar IbJI b p If-or availability see Ni?ýi-.2i8 input devices wrap-around cockpit arrangement for etas of access
14-31)to the control disp~ay devices, an integrated total energy
Present weapon systems use a multiplicity of Signal for)mats commend. and a system of dependitnt automation that permitsI
and transmission techniques for information transfer vwIhin an reduced pilot workload during anomalies the simulator provides
ii tegrasic avionics s,-stem The implementation of a serial digital a one-of-a-kind capability for examinittian of the flight deck design
dots bus as the primary means of functionally communicating issues involved in tafiloring the power and flexibility of the co~iiputer
adinterconnecting the various equipment&s dsrbdI to the rcapabilities and lmtiosof tehuman plti h

I systemn is logically partitioned to the data it suppose. reqiuires

or processes, then with a flexibly designed digital data bus and
standard interfaces, it can easify be integrated thiough the
'computer software Modification of rjdesign of tne multiplexed
data bus concept is a matter of reconfiguroition of the building
efrac5fhtmsinAto
Promneo i iso

blocksl addino and deleting as required aniJ then changing the

software to reintegrate the new ounfiguraliton. saving the costly
rewiring and redesigning of the computer c~nvertar box The
computer is now a separate line replessable unit, not subject to
obsolescence due to systems modifications Author

N173-23903 Sai-ti. kiidualiies. Ltd.- Chelienham ilinglandip

Aviation Div
THE EXPONENTIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION AND ITS
USE IN ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE STATISTICS OF
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS
 32 TRUCTURAL MECHANICS Prcdn aebak283
N71 .20130# Ad-r5olv Grow) for Aerospace Research anrd
32 STRUCTURAl. MECHANICS Deseolopre'Ct Paris iFrancep
Incliudes structural element design and weight analysis A %3.x\SlS FOR ASSESSING THE STATE OF THE ART
fatigue thermal stress impact phenomena. vibration L A Schmil In 'tý Structural Design Ao)ptOf Mathr3matrCal
flutter inflatable structures end structural tests Cot related Frograrrrnrrng Tech Feb 1971 p 14 29 refs tSee N71 -20128
information see also 17 Materials Metallic and 18 09 32'
Materials. Nonmetallic Arari NTiS
Tht designr phIOS5ophy .n combining compu.ter oriented
structural anag,.sis with mrathemlatical Programmingn Methods is
described One approach to the Problem &%to desigrr tie structure
so that initial yielding under service load vondftrofl is ss'ordvd and
N71-20129S# Advisory Group for Aerospace RestalF and another is to desiqn so as to prevent colljose under service
Development Paris IFrance) load conditions Design variables ard we ghi mrfrmrilstlof as the
STRUCTURAL OECION APPLICATIONS OF objective function are described Formurlations are discussed and
MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES include seqjuence of Inear prog~amsn sequence of ;_nc~nstrarinad
G G Pope and L A SChrnrt ads Feb 197 1 203 p refs nlminimtlatro.-t tpa',c nonlinear programminirg andl vasr:a, form-.iato~n
of the inequrality constrained minimizatronl protlem N EN
tAGARD-AG149-71 AGAROOGRAPH 1491 Avail INTIS

CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCT;ON AND BASIC CONCEPTS L A Schmrl N71-201 31 a Acdvrso'. Group to( 1kerospace ilsearch and
and G G Pc~pe p 2 13 refs (See N71 20129 09 321
THE STATE OF THE Develccir-ntnPairs Farance.
2 A BASIS FOR ASSESSING OPTrIMIZATION THEORf RELEVANT TO THE
fls SeeN71
14 . 9 ASch~t
ART 013 03321CLASSICAL
THEOR'r RELEVANT DESIGN~ 01 AEROSPACE STRUCTURE
3 CLASSICAL OPTIMIZATION G 6i Pi oe 1 I,- Strrrcrrutar DOsrgrr orpl
f Maithemutrcal
TO THE DESIGN OF AEROSPAC-E STRUCTURES G G Pope Techr
rrg~nn Feb, 1971 1, 30 33 ri% iSe, N7 I 201128
P 30 33 refs See N 71 2013 1 09 32) 09 32.
4 LITERATURE REA.EW AND ASSESSMENT Or THE ovgtAa N1
PRESENT POSITION L A Sr-rrnil p 34 45 refý See Copsrrgh Acr
)!n iT~oISo ecaes~i' hc utbhv
N71 20132 0 3z) elasitraltv orrrer %er.rce ((7.n-lrtrrrs5 isdr5crrr, ad The classircal
5 SEQUJENCE OF LINEAR PROGRAMS G0 ( Pope treorenr sNhrr is tpolcabre drrectiv 0toeIrClaST weight desrgn of
1t 48 54 ir-Is iSee N71t 20133 09 00r ir.ghri Jreahzed 1,a-rrE-rk, ., ernrthasrzed Ir -s assumred that the
F, U %C0 :. N",
..... . .' APPROACmES rrrirertarrii:rrrr rratrprrcroarr.rrerrrr
TO CONSTRAINED PROBLEMS R L Foe p 55 78 refs S~ee the Parr- Ifieor, ft, ;,-rigle an( rr.tiple
ml 'rodd condllrors is given The
N7 2140 11opt. rnorrr larcrrt -r.lei si rserrjtrilastir Irarnesork% and general
7 'EASIBLE DIRECTION ME THODS J S Kz)walrsu,-~5ae -IeNFI
ri E
p 79 93 refs 'See N71 20135 09 19ltilrisAttn'
8 COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR THE UPTIMUIM UESIGN 7-13a Ar.r, ro lrArorceRsaIadI
OF COMPLEX ELASTIC STRUJCTURES G G Pope p) 96 10lY1212 A,,,, ~,, c etwceRsac n
Develotrsrerr Pr.s. F~arce
refs(See N7t 20136 09 08r REVIE-W AND ASSESSMENT OF THE
PPLCATINS
9 SPCIALPUROSE A Sh-1LITERATURE
RSNPSTO
p 102 123 refs iSee N7I 20!3709 19-
L A Schrnri:r!,f- Str:ctrral ts~ Apjri of Maihe nratcal
10 OPTIAMIZA TIONP OF STPUCTURIES V,. it RE LIABILITY
Feb, 1971 r 34
Prrrqrarrr.rrnt te,tir 4S refs -See NT1 20128
CONSTRAINTS F Moses p 126 143 ef,. -bee N71I 20138

C9 32r 09 3?2,
Avail NTIS
OPTIMIZATION UNOIIT AFrlOTLASTIL CONSTRAINTS 14
11
Ir 144 173A lu r err 01aC, rcr rrahn tSI ro arnini
Ashte,, S C MClrri0sh Jr a--l 'A, H1 rr.rl
aplrlrcArIrir. tr strructtrrrr rICsr(in optrnrlatio, IrIT-IPII 10 fnite
i-f, SireN7t 20139 09 321
12 OPTIT/IZATIO'. TELNOE N AFCA r,)ers5pnirtr Artirr.sinrrsret Ihuqh 1r0 tdir Sterrrrrrr
CONFIGURATION 0;,(51(a. 8 rlr.r-1 if~hr t74 194 1rrrrtar rrrr( rrrII - , tfusIhuh nd d ararS turonl
refs, iSo, N7 1 20 14;, OS :12r.rIrrir dei-eC'brr r. Irndr6110 -4-rrerrOn 5Ird Urfure
aiscser

res.rorse iectonr-e arrd retabrlity tased

N71 -201 29# r ,rr-rr
6r~nr- to, ;Aero'parac Rr .... arrr arrd
rrrprrionlitr1,
rhrtrrlIptrn
in Iinr
01r
',nam-nc
NE N 4
Devi-lcolmerr Par-. frrr.i:
INTRODUCTION AND &IASIC CONCEPTS
ASchrrrt and (, Ir Prtr~e trrcrrr
SI-. brrrqrr A; rW (A N7 1 ^-0133* ArJvrsofy Grwu. ;ot AerosupA.e Rese cr and
Matlrcrrrlrr'al I. -Sne
.~lTn,191r2
iruarrrrr 'Fran-ep
Dr.,elopnrent Parrs

N7t 2012899 32- SEQUJENCE OF LINEAR PROGRAMS

rG Pope - nSrrriorr a3 De -..4r ArjIl (if Matherla,.-al
Avar NTIS
- IrOl in.ii Prrjuriý rir' o- ic. Feb 1971 Ir 4f. rý4 -Ils Se :t 20 8
The rrblcatro: (f r-a~trer...at-ral ; rrrrr......t in

aerospace 511r",r.ratlJelr(Alrr 'tIf. -e alerrl Otl 32,

-rtusitratedI, , 2 -- ,irs
! re kiner-rirrli
file~r ar -. rrIr
Ar~r'ri' C~pryr r11t A-tart hItS
1
l .'Ii lo Tire -,-du0-o~r o f Onhonr.- p,rrrr'rrrrnrr.q wo~ oi~rrs ti, ai
-ptportec~ colrrinr art, a '-'. )ra I, . Tins rrtrtrr.rn-, app-

least werght I r a- _r8 t 'rtrunt-"ei instniirI V. t".

ý,rrgr , rntI.r Ssdeal rce 0' nrea. pnlrrr r. r.rII.r'. S rcwrsr,- I nj'rar
roleirn rr irr.of equairors an-d a isr.trr pr0elltre
0 ,I !.-.nr, L"rrgrarnrr'. prohil.rrS ardý rinosrhod, n1 therr
file cD1rmnrtatron
one o' a .nrtige v torciie :o-n-" dc::' t 1'
I-' zc'c!
the le.Jrcliur of the- rabte;tI: tuirctron to
consilerel: first are. itrios, -r vvIC1 all ccritarrei piripresnutj a-..
j Term 'roloqi rn~dinrI rrmathremiatical rlrodrammniP is detrred rdc the
rriarn le~atr esn rIaprrrni tin . ~
ecitrorrlues To~ tirorlrral derrgn are rnej'nlqr~i erC artI rn wirt, i,rrl tv,( varritoles Ai- r'r.lverl NTviro.Js
rrrttrrrn Trie s-rrplost
Mwrr'nra r-
rrirrl~~~rri'rl rrrrinrrni ii upý apptrli I !o n aterral,; of rr trcrhq the n-.nlorrrar piilrrt, i Srr Ar-

'Ialin~. - ~ f-.rCclnrrr,'are irriatnral, N EN rrec(tlr hnrýi oft ai Artrrl. Al IIrrr i Ie.r ttrr.oqlar -eitrort
284 32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

a mptoys the oroperity that linearized constraints in convex problems facilities which permit the length$ and spacin'gs of iemnblers to be
neceSsarity ltien:rtirely outside the feAsible region. The move lrimit varied within a prescribed topology Rigorous opltnlz~itltO'i
mto maeusOfartificial lin.us an the variation of the procedures are emohasi28d Computer programis developed to apply
dles:gn variables in' a typical linearized Computation In all of these mathxtmatrca programihngi5 techniques to the least weight design of
mehdthe coefficients of the design variables in the Obj~ctrve complex stress skin structures and major subsequent conltributlion
furnction of the Primal problem are nearly always alt positive are discussed Apiplicatioin of itetative procedures for inif generation
N EN of fully stressed designS s ataso descrirbed Author

N71.2013701 Advisory Group for Aerospace *iese~rci, and

Ili 201340 Advisory Group for Aerewcace Research and Develoinment F'arrs lFrance)
UNOSRIE MNMZTO APPROACHES TO L cmtI t.SrutrlDsg AP of Mathematical

R L Fox j,, its Structural tlasigri App) of Mathematicat 09 321

Piogiarriming Tech Fel 1971 p) 55 78 rels (See N7t .20128 Arrat NTIS
09 321 A few examptes of mathematical program riing appticationS
Avail NTIS to specific stru~ctural design Probtems are describe I The examples
Severat uricorstiarned minimrization methods are discussed discussed point up the imrpoflanit role structural nirtimizalion can
Andl thrif advantages and disadvantages art- Presented The basic play in evieluating alternative design concepts anid materials
idtea' Of these methods is to convert the constrained problem. with based upion a comparison if optima The stiffened cyi ndrical shell
its 3biective function and equality and inequality constraints, into optimization cap~siiity is reviewed in sonie detai' The rtxtonsion of

a problem in which some new function is minirn'ized without regard this capability to shells with slight meridional cuivaturs is briefly
for constraint-. The solution to the original problem is devalop~d dis5cussed arid two recenily reported special puoose apt-te. shons to
through a sequence of unconstrainsed Minimizations, The reliability fiber composite sticuiitui5' are noted Application of an Al rigretod
of the algorithms. their sequential iaf,,e anti the straightforward penally fuinction apr. oacb to the optimum design of an a. lating
formulbticin and implementation of these me~thods are described composite type heat .riield is described A tlhor
Formulations emoloying interior ).enalty functionsi are discussed in
oreer to apply the unconstrained minimization met.rod, to the

s~ilutronof the conltiained priblemn Formulations, employing exteriorI

penally fur'ctions arid penalty functions for equatity constraints are N~71 20138if Advisory Group) tr Aerospace Research ai '
also mentioned N EN Development Paris Firamicei
OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURES WITH RELIABILITY
IN71.20136# Advisory Group for Aerostpace Rfseaiuch and CONST RAINTIS
Deveopeicit ProsFraco)F Mases /i' iii Structural Design Apo of Matherratical

Proc'iarnmiriq Tech Feb 1971 p 126 143 'els (S" N71-20128

FEASIBLE DIFECTION METHOD0S
J 5 Kowalik Ir its Structural Design Appi of Mathematical 013 32,
Prograrmming Tech Feb 1971 p 79 93 refs ISee N7 120128 .Giants NSF bit. 74 NSF GK 187 11
09-32t ~i
Avail NTtS The relar~onship between optimum design of structure as
Algorithms for solving a general nonlineAr prograni-ring it is now lirmurated in almost classical terms and reliability or
probte-r aid whrc:i haic Proved to be successflt and azp' cabte safety of st~ructurfes is studied The kinds of structures for which
* Opimuat~
tOsti~tOI prolem ar disussd Te acs /ntae elirebririe oi !arjiie probability can reasonably be analyzed and have
ottheompred ramireretcaiandbeen
ethds ie
and isavinage ..ireso~nteii particularli in a redesign ori optimization procedure
anmdutiatrorialev pof
hemthod aruenik usmabted fraiom directioand are discussed As the topic concerns safety in a probabilistic
mnethod efficiently reduces the problem to a sequence of linearlirroksmeatnon5genorlentueinsfpobiiy
programming piotitenis. is finite for quadiitrc programming Problems ransitivity. failure cost!. limited empirical informiation analysis
and can handle ncinconvex problems A -rodified feasible directions errors and safety philoso)p- Several examples of optrmrzatnon wvith
some ideas of thj cutting plane method Flbeen s eitiyiilx~i~;,T., ctV, a~c r~z ic
miethod utililzes
graricrct projection mrethod use-. protlections of lire objective funIction

gradient into tne manifolc. :efined by currently active constraints

life method works with aectors which are feasible and usable and N71 20139*i Advisory Group for Aerospa~e R-search and
oplaces linear oii:r-.zatron 5utiprpbierrs wvith matrix inversion Development Paris [Fiance)
,, homes Geitatly s. lpimum vector method determines the direction OPTIMIZATION UNDER AEROELASTIC CONSTRAINTS
of search from a ser of simultaneous linear equations which can H Ashley S (7. Mcinr',sh Jr arid W H Weatherhi1 in is
bi solved by t!e stable Choleski decompositionl me:hod NEN Strircirral Desvijn AppioloffMathematical Pingrar-inimnq Tech Feb
1971 o 144 t173 re!ly Sponsored by NI.SA and the AF 'See
N71t20t2BC9 32'
Aefo'.tiace Rjesearch art iNASA CW 1 171981 Avail NTIS CSCL 20K
N'1 2 0i36MI Advisory Groor. for
De. tormen'.Prsi, pic Twe irsidir lines of development in the o,ýtinnrza~ion 0f
Car, "LUTER PROGRAMS FOR THE OPTIMUM DESIGN OF aeroelastic co'istrarrts frit high perfoirtrance ai~cralt design are
COil PLEX ELASTIC STRUCTURES d-scussed rhe optrmizzrton of prolilems erith on, dirmn-srotraj space
t
6 Pope i, its S1(rictora, Desinir. Nopio 0 a~tierral,,ai varratle can tie ide-itlrfed as a varratirirral proorem and red-uced to
ri, amining Tech Feb 1971 1,~ 96 !01 .ink See NT i 20128 sistemy 9f 1-, order ordinary iittereitr~aj edriat-ors 0iscrewtizac-
09 2f by assirmeyrirode arid fminie etement irirhods are also desciticrI
Cc ..;h! A.1. NTIS and lhf control variables are replic,-v with a lirrite vector ot n
Computer progranys ideOCIo 10' topfoitini-r r f..irir achustable elerrient properties M ri-,-zation of inc chosen merit
.ealized aerospa~e nIal:a
otfctie roier ijiir nction arr'uuris to a -search of n vecto,%pace. MAthematica.
hr liro mnie-ir a-,ii-yis,
frwnii iticusris~ons of exampliss are 4,e hc- lor ea-rhricitnd afrid the
ojrnijriialiiii algoirithms Sirit
a-ii piyi ...I ,j ý.. ii thie rcr rnpwti~i nrec ot iji-1i iettir ii, future Je-. r .rh is .rrid-Aterl
riescriliert These Vrotira-ir N
ill mnember cross svtirajra, Arid ti- -erSs,s j-l i.Olrsi vic
 32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 285

N? 1-20140# Advisory Group for Aerospaze Research anid attitudes and activities of various corrosion and fracture
Development. Paris lFrance! comimittees in the U.S and Europe toward standardfuation
OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN AIRCRAFT tochitiques. anid surmeitsfes of stress corrosion crackling and test
earlupment used to measure corrosion in various matenials.
CONFIGURATION OLSIGN aircraft striucturres, and space shuttle doesi" For indiviual title*.
8 Silver and H Ashley in its Structural Design AppI of "sv N72-2 1901 through N72-211931.
Mathematical Programming Tech Feb 1971 p 174 194 refs
1
(See N71-20128( 9 32)
Avail N71S N?2.21901A1 Boflelle-Northwast. Richland. Waeh. Pacific
Parametric analysis and automated search methods for Northwest Labs.
preliminary design optrnirzatron are compared. and methods of ENGINEfr2liG UTIUTY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STRESS
optimization that go beyond parametric analysis are investigatedCOR .NCACIGDT
Indirect methods. suchr as the calculus o1 variations. are mentioned W E Anderson In AGARD Specialist's Meeting -.n Stress
Direct methods of optimnization are discussed including s~iection of 1
N72-2jiu, es0in Mehos Ja.192 23p rit~l
design variables. constai formulation. methods with and without Av2a 19l 2C O32)
1T $.9
derivatives. on* dimensional search inethods. and convergence Som historical experiences with cracking and fracture
c~ite. Tl '. indirect methods Solve dus:tiaiy pobtrems. while the pnot'f,as ar(. esuiorfed to Indicate the significance of corrosion
direct methods adopt a hill-climbing stiategy ern the objective actirrj concomitantly with stress These experiences suggest that
function directly Operational results ot direct search methods arc cracks crevelop either in 'open' or *cfoeed' areas: arnd, either at1
g~ven and the field zofman-computer interactive design is briefly neovos accessible to the ambient environment end direct view.
de scribed NE N cr at& regtions which are structurally hidden Special attention
was glvvir. ii iircrbi't structures and various other Materials Data
cover specimenti configurations, methods suitable for low cost
N7l 25449.r Aihasory Crrrrro for Aeiosiace Resci~cli and testing of ape-imens. and estimates of service life under loading
Oeiloo'e,.r Pa(.I`
'F'ucv. and environmental conditions A def'inition of stress corrosion is
COOPERATIVE CREEP TESTING PROGPAMFE inicluded Author
L) Cou!'ouiariis Ceiirrr Mail cfe Iech N'irt Iaid0 D K Faurschosi
'Rt
DeptD :10; e
581i~ 71e Aarid NeoiT Mrt9 ~i N72-21902# Reynolds Metals Co. Richmrrrni Jo. Viltsallurgical
AGAR
Aal tisResearch
Iih~t71 Div.
,'.~v,0, (>,p Icy Aeauspacre Resear'h air.d Dveieoproear PROGRESS TOWARD STANDARIZATION OF SCC TEST
A C Ad., ni-itaiat:o,)totv ýturrt (ifl tii,ii reniciperatuir TECHNIQUES BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING
rr~atel i',~ tpl-acdirtie nd vizii,q ufts Dhirrog~am ruineýd l,zcur~aI AND MATERIALS .
,iycn .'r a; alyss N-moni.c t05 was rested at qO0 C bv ei-jhrenii H Lee Craig. Jr In AGARD Splecialists Meeting on Stress
.ol,:tary laboratories The resdirs tray ciii.

ývaluauuniohirta an~dintr.iraboratois v3,.alIi.utr, v--; .. I-- :.u:

' iii ii Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972
12-3211M ii $ 9
tO p (See N72 2 1900

[ I
AirraciThe
~corrosion
work of a subcommittee on test standards for stress
of rratals 0 nd other materials is preseried The
N72-t301820 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and comimittee covers I1) smooth specomenis and test jig. (2) test

rTHE
I.'omei arsiirne
iLEMENTS OF- FRACTOGRAPHY
0 A Ryder (Manchester Unis ) Nov 1971 196 pa refs
environments and specific material tests. (3) corrosion fatigue
and (4) precracked specimens Author

IAGAFI.AGt155.71. AGAR~ograph-155) Avail NTIS

This monogf-aph is intended to serve as an -ntraductiori to N72-2119O3s Aluminum Co of America- Pittsburgh. Pa Chemical
FraclograLriq which may be defined as the ersmination of Metallurgy Div

iiproperties
fracture s-aces at magnifications ranging from xl to x`1OO.000 PROGRESS TOWARD STANDARDIZATION OF SCC TEST
The termi-ilogy and current ideas on fracture are introduced in TECHNI1QUES BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
an elementary account of those factors that cratrol the mechenical CORROSION ENGINEERS AND THE ALUMINUM
of ongrneering materials Fracture is discussed inn ASSOCIATION C14
general terms and the instruments available for fraclure surface Donald 0 Sprowls In AGARD Specialists Meeting on Stress
analysis are considered Theexperrirental and operational Corrfosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 20 p (See N 72 2 1900
*~iir5neerdv -i ir 3 CIOirvfly dicser rh Cily 12 32)
of factors, especially ar-tefacts in rep), as prepared for transmission Avar NTIS HC $6 00/MF $095
eleciron nicioscopy. that can innirience the -nterpretation of The stress corrosion testing of high strength, heal treataile
experimental results the application of fractography to the aluminum alloys is discissed Three tempers of alloy 7075 was
investigation of service larlures and the use of the technique in laboratory tested for the purposes of (t) comparing three types
fracture roseýarch are describ~ed Author of smooth lest specimens. (2) ascertaininag the uniformity of test
results that can he expected writh a closely controlled procedure
for fthe 3 5% NaCI alternate irimers~on, test (3) evaluating other
cotrodeits that dlo not cause severe pitting of these atloys and
N72-21900# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research arid 10) relating the SC:C(stress corrosion Ciackingf Dertormanc,) ini
DeeomnParis (France) these laboratory tests with that in outdoor atmospheres Author

ISIGMETHODS
Jan 1972 332 p rats Presented at Stiuct and Mater Panel N7?-21904s Newcastle upon Tyne Univ (Englandi Dept of
33d Mooting, Brussels 5-6 Oct 1971 Metallurgy
(AGARD.CP-9B) Avail N7IS HCS600/'MFS$095 STRESS COHROSION TEST META1ODS THE EUROPEAN
The basic objectivesý ot the Sprecialists Meeting were to FEDERATION OF CORROSION CONTRIBUTION
discuss (t) the utility eind significance of stress corrosion If N Parkins If, AGARtD Speciatists Meeting on Stress
cracking dois to -urrent engineering and desijo practices. Q2) Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 7 p iSee N7221t900 A
ti-e progress being made NATO countries toward standardization 12 32'
of troal techniques for stress COfrOSiO.) cracking, and (31 those Avail Wit)r HI. $bVU.'Mv1I SU45i
tesp methods which roight be recommended as standard A rirecis is given of the major points on stress corrosion
letchnicicse in the immedliate future Also includei1 are the type@ test inethuds as corriliiledJ by thre European Federation of
and qujality of data which are useful in design anulysis. the Corrosion Working Pe-:y Tire dAta points to some of tire
 I ~tw7IM,

286 32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

Mas,. Materialrs
N72-2190eN Tyco Labs. Inc .Waltham.
methods of testing, such
Iproblems associated with the various MEAS RIJIfIG THE DEGREE OF CONJOINT ACTION
the appanrently poor reproducibility of
* threshold stress intensityand
rmeasures susceptibility values for stress corrosion cracking On BETWEEN iTRESS AND CORROSiON IN STRESS
* the environmental side of testing the dangers in the use of CORROSION
standard solutions are indicated and the necessity in simulating Franklin H Ls:ks in AGARO Specialists Meeting on Stress
service teilures, of precisely reproducing the composition of the Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 7 p (See N72 2 1900
environment and the relevant electrode potential are shown 12 321
Author Avail NTIS HC $6O0;,MF$SO95
L A stress corrosion testing method which allows a quantitative
separationl between the effects of stress and those of corrosion
N72-21906"l National Aeroneautics and Space Administration in :ausing stress corrosion damage is described This test
ams Research Center. Moffett Field. Calif ýnvolves the measurement of the reduction in subsequent stress
* SOME IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DEV!LOP- corrosion life which is brought about by initially exposing the
MEN4T OF STRESS CORROSION CRACKING TEST sample to the corrosive environýment without any stress being
METHODS applied lprccorrosionl if a given alloy is susceptible only to the
R P Wei (Lehigh Univ ). S A Novak (US Ste.; Corp corrbination of stress and corrosion (true stress corrosion) then
Monroeville. Ps I and 0 F~Williams In AGARO Specialists ~ uch a preexposure would not be expected to gieatly ieduce its
Meeting on Stress Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 10 subsequent stress coirosioii lifetime [I however a corrosion

(Contract N00014-68-A-0514l the failure piocess. then such p-qexposure Without applied stress
INAA-TM-X-583031 Avail NTIS CSCL 148 may on lounrd to be almost as damaging as an equal amount of
The need for recognizing certain potentially serious problems exposure Carried out undei stress A stress corrosion index ISýCII
in the development of standard test methods for stress corrosionisdfndwchqataivlmeursLs fetsDa
cracking studies is discussed The importance ot recognizing and obtained by this method are presented for a high Strength
satisfying the basic assumptions of the linear-elastic fracturealmum loy105 teedibuerd e suinFr
mechanics analysis in experimentation is re-emphasized The 'pecimens of this alloy haying a machined surface finish. 80% of
* effects ot nonsteady state crack growth. including incubation the time required to pirod-ice tailure in normal stress corrosion
must be taken) into account in determining the crack growth tests is fcund to be due to a 5 re;which is not accelerated by
kinetics These effects and the Influences oft steady-state Crack applied stress An explanation for this !rehavior is offered in
growth kinetics, as well as. a host of Qeometrical material and terms of the existence ot a hilly delormed -irlace laver Within
environmental variables must be considered in arriving at which any well defined grain boundaries have ceen destroyed
suitable criteria (or KISCC (apparent threshold for stress TvhISsurface layer must be penetrated by Pitting beir;- a truc
*coriosroar cracking) determinations Author stress coirctsion process can begin Auti-c

N72 21906# British Steel Corp Sheffield (Englandi

CURRENT PROGRESS IN THE COLLABORATIVE TESTING '729~ fl eopc i ull.N
PFROGTRAMMECO HENCS STRESS COG ROSIUP RCKN THE PH AND POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS DURING
S FACTR cHAICS)e iWORKIN
MEitad GROUPitMetngo STRESS CORROSION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS
StA ress Tetn Mcethore AGAJan
aoroind Spcilit
72 Meretin one J A Davis rin AGARO Specialists Meeting on Stress Corrusrori
StrssCoroson esingMehod
Jn 172 17 iIS eeTesting Methodis Jan 1972 15 p :cfs iSee N72 21900
* N72 21900 12 321 73
* Avrt
600ME TISHC 095Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MF $0O95
A preliminary analysis is presented of the initial results of A technilue was, descirirer fur nrri(small tip dtiamneter
the Collaborative Testing Program cit the Stress Corrosir~n tsuythsresorsiotihorfvaou
Iicoretoe
* Cracking (Fracture Merhanrcsl Working Group of the ESO alminum alltodes exostudy t sto chlnoride teriirosmrits everau
* Corporate Laboratories !n this analysis the results are interpreted general observations concerning the sitress corrosion behavior if
in terms of thre influences of specimen geometry. maximum alumincirn alloys wriec oade 1 i, pniolaqari lasrs
* fatigue cirecracking stress intensity test temperature and .ao- fas"S
rro
eboatoy- ttccnludd!hat the on!, sir-Orca,,nn errOrs corrosiont crack is always accompanied tryt a decrease in pH rear
Inc Crack tip 121 increasing the stlress "itenisity to above K SLC
can be attributled to differenices in the calibration arni accuracy of Itlireshold &irr..5 intensity foii sariess .onori irirrIra, kliii res~ilts in
testing equipment between the participatinig laboratories and to a rapid active stift in coiio-iirv potentai al rid 13! as cracks
failure to adhere to the recommended testing procedure Which is
~ ~~ ~
found ~ ~
foun tobe atifacoryforthematria
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~i
an eniromen whch
!
tbestsatrfothmaeiladevrnetwihpoqres.,. Ci-ruiouprrote ntial slowly jri tls it, the actve
irec-tion A jerreral mechanism or sitres& corroioni riasect (In
were sed Athorthese observations Is that crack triolaqa-O-n cKcurs byv active path
it i solul orn 'i a -innun i a5I:;ltir stressý tell ert to rupture
tic pasSIVIC InIn anit rirrir ala cricik 01itJ 1
rijltirir Auitwro
N72-21907# Leeds Univ lfriglandi Dept of Metallurgy
THE SCIENCE COMMITTEE CONFERENCE ON THE
THEORY OF STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF
ALLOYS
J C Scully ian AGArRD Specialists Meeting (in Stress Corrosion
Itesli.,g Methods Jan 1972 6 p iefs (See N72 219you N72 21910O- WrId-t iridlst CJrrnoiriln r1!e
11riciant

12 321 STRESS CORROSION TESTING 0, WELDED JOINTS

Avarl NTIS NC $6 00 MF SOO,, I ( 1 Got>N ii l AGARD Siiei.'jiriit Mc;rri cislici

The general aspects of stress corrosion iracki-rj as ares as5 Corrisiriri Testiniir Niietliots Jan 1972 7 It leis (See
individ-ual alloy systems are considc red 0f particular interest t) N 72 21t9001 12 32)
testing methods were .1) repassrvalron and (2) measuirementls of A-iti.NI IIC $6 00 MF SCI 95
crack velocity Theunpare itiscussed anoti hlii retevai- :_ resting ,ný
irs. !-,.~c i~~ S.!'t-" ~i
......
methoris is ernpnasizert Comrparison hetweeii di~ereni alloys or Irehavior cp1 weiwet jomits arc: oillire'l Streial a a ,rrror
t
oh diP', mt freal 'jitnieintS of air alloy Can rinly re marte IfthIe qiven ni jilmiiowntie nisseCsirifitn trip siictItitiilry of1 reld-rem5i
4alt-cir~.,p fLretweerr mechanical rnetalturiric.i untit elerti , the adj, i raisloririalble
!i tristhe .an~si (tIlartie arr.1thin
1
chenmical viriatules otil crack piopacrit-ini k-int .s ,i
-lylfects u I, atonal r rimlirsririr andtmcrri;'r binienal
determned Aiithci'. iris%0I lhr ire'irl are 'jiviri A,.Itirci
32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 287

N72-219110 Department of Energy, Mines and Resources refs ISee N72-21900 12-32)
Ottawa (Ontaio) Corrosion Section Avail NTIS HC $600/MF S095
SCREENING TESTS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO STRESS A laboratory lest unit designed for KisCC (value of
CORROSION CRACKING plane-strain stress-'nteosrty factor below which an existing crack
G J Prefer and J G Garrison In AGARD Specialists Meeting will not grow due to stress corrosion) and stress corrosion crack
,in Stress Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 9 p refs growth rate testing with large precrackedl WOL (wedge opening
See N72 21900 12 32; loading) specimens is described The apparatus involves the use
Avail NTIS HC $6 00. MF SO 95 of a uniqui hydraulic loading arrangement which provides a
For five high strength alloys susceptibilities to the convenient means of generating the relatively high loads required
propagation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) were assessed for ,tress corrosion testing with large WOL specimens Additional
Using 3 5% NaCI solution as the medium l'oth parent and weld featurts of the lest unit include the atrlrty to continuously
metals were invet.'.galed Specimens were studied under freely monitor crack growth during the test and also the ability to test
corroding con,tilon arid also cathodically protected at the in an enclosed environment at various temperatures and
potentials gv in by cadmium and by zinc sacrificial anodes The pressures Author
cantilever test win, used. the test specimen'. cut from 1.2. and
3 4 in plates were bars notched on both the sides and the top
Prror to tests a pre crack was always produced at the base of
the top notch by fatiguing in air The equipment was designed so N72-21915x Frankford Arsenal Philadelphia Pa
that specimens loaded as cantilevers were broken by mean 3i of TENSILE LIGAMENT INSTABILITY AND THE GROWTH OF
a steadily rising load This was applied by dripping water at a STRESS CORROSIr N CRACKS IN A HOMOGENEOUS
ronstant rate into a container suspended from the end of the Xn-Mg-Cu ALUMIP "VIALLOY
cantilever beam Results were reported in terms of the nominal Joseph H Mulhetin In AGARD Specialists Meeting on Stress
stress intensities K* at fracture While. strictly speak;ng only of Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 7 p refs (See
dualitative significance retroducrbflhty of the Ki values was good N72 21900 12 32)
and the effect., of metallugr..al and environmental factors could ýsvarl NTIS HC S6 DO MF S0 95
be readily est mated Author The application of the Krafft tensile ligament model to the
7
stress coirosron phenomenon of a homogeneous n Mg Cu
aluminuhn alloy is discussed The variant in the series was the
N72-21912x Naval Air Development Center. Johnsvrlle Pa degree of homogeneity ot the microstructure According to the
STRESS CORROSION TESTING OF TITANIUM ALLOYS model, the largest variation in the susceptib•l•ty to stress
S J Kelcham. C E Neu. and S Goldberg (Naval Air Sys corrosion crack propagation was attributable to an increase in
Commandl In AGARD Specialists Meeting on Stress Corrosion the rate of surface chemical attack around the circumference of
Testing Methods Jan 1972 8 p rets (See N72 21900 the ligaments Author
12-321
Avail NTIS HC$600,'MF $095
Pe,•'r•.s are nla
irCCpres of two studies ill effect of grain
flow orientation on stress corrosion susceptibiliy of two titanium
N72-219164 North American Rockwell Corp. Thousand Oaks. "o
alloys and 12) stress corrosion tests of titanium election beam
weldments Emphasis is on test specimens used and on sonip. Cdlif Science Center
properties of titanium alloys which have to be considered when AN ULTRA-HIGH VACUUM SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING
conducting stress cor.osron tests Author THE EFFECTS OF GASEOUS ENVIRONMENTS ON
FATIGUE AND FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF METALS

H L Marcus and P J Stocker In AGARD Specialists Meetfng

N72-21913it British Steel Corp Sheflield lEng'andt on Stress Corrosion Testing N'.thods Jan 1972 8 p refs [See
fACTORS INFLUENCING THRESHOLD STRESS INTENSITY N72 2'900 12.321
VALUES AND CRAC-( PROPAGATION RATES DURING Avail NTIS HC$600.MF$095
STrESS CORROSION CRACKING TESTS OF HIGH A high vacuum 10 to the minus 101h power tort. all-metal
STRENGTH STEELS system is described in which crack growth behavior of metals

I
A H Priest and P McIntyre In AGARO Specialists Meeting on under ciatic and dynamic ;oading can be siudied Provisions are
Stress Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 '2 p refs (See made to mt oduce clean gases to the ssteni such as hydrogen
N72 21900 12 32) and oxygen to study their eHects on tha crack growth phenomena
,, . H.T,:-S5- ,Q Y F S"C95' Crack growth result-, are presentvd for Ni 200 exposed to low
Threshold stress inten:•ty values lot stress corrosion cracking rressure"- of hydrogen qzie in the 10 to the minus Bh power to
iKISCCI of a number of steels was shown to be related to the 150 Io, pressurt range Author
formalin of a continuous stretch zone at the latigue Crack tip
Bolt KISCC and crack propagation late (KICI walties are
influenced by the yield streigtl Ind inclusion dersty of the
steel The relative values of K,..,CC determined by arrest and N72-21917m Ohio State Univ. Columbus Dept of 'A.-tllurgiScl
initiation methods and stress corrosion crack 4 rowth rates arc Engineering
influenced by the effectiveness of slress corrosion c'acks as ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS AND SLOW CRACK GROW"H IN
Stress concentrators since intergianular cracks be'0;ne HIGH STRENGTH STEEL
progressively more blunt as they .rot)agate while the reverse :an R W Staehle nrid G E Kerns In AGARO Specialists Meetng
be true of transgranular cracks Observed stress cororecor, crack orn Stress Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 12 p refs
propagation rates are also infldeniced by the failhre to attain (See N72 21900 12 32)
equilibrium it, specimens of conventional length and by the Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MF 0 95
presenze of crack curvature and clack tranchirig where these ALOUStic emission techniques were used to study stress
occur Author corrosion cracking in high strength niateial Pre fatipue sracked
single cantilever specimens were loaded arri exf osed to gaseous
and aqueous environments A'oustic emission signal sf.ape an(
Iola I resonance counts were recorded for "-pec-mens of dl,•ere,.1t
N72 21914# WVsStinghouse Research Labs. Pittsburgh Ps strength levels tested in different environments, Also the
Mechanics Liepi ph-ýn'ir-inn 'I vvuva tirhrin w- -as -rxiiid ii) order to exam.ne

AN APPARATUS FOR STRESS CORROSION TESTING the fereuefri,, roritent and energy of the emission The results
WITH LARGE PRfCRACKED WOL SPECIMENS show that a higher strength level produces more acoustic
L J Ceschini and V' G Clark Jr IN AGARlD Specialists activity regardless of envionmerit Als5o he generated stiross
Meeting on Stress Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 9 p wave is of a high frerinency ar-il luw energy nature Author
 288 32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

AN72-2 1R# FiaTSpNA Turin Lab Auto Avio

COtRal" industry A U2GN and AsU4SG A number of systematic telts
A CONTRIBUTION TO STRESS CORROSION TESTINr`- OF were made using classical rests methods under conditions of
ALUMINUM ALLOYS ftexure, with e constant impcsed load Processes occurring
Giovanni Bollanr In AGARD Specialists Meeting on Stress during corrosion and stress corrosion are most often
Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 13 p rets (See electrochemical reactions and certain study techniques are
N72-21900 12-32) described for electrochemical methods, in order to establish a
Avair NTIS HCS6OOiMF$095 correlation between observed phenomena and the particular
* The results o! an extensive investigavton for the improvement microstructures of the alloys In the case of the a U2GN alloy.
* of the stress corrosion testing methods on high strength Al an explanation is advanced based on sensitivity to interci'stalhine
alloys are briefly outlined For the evaluation of the crack corrosion and the role of constraint, as well Ihe desensitizing
initiation period under different stress conditions. two smooth which occurs affer proper heat treatment Heat treatment of the
specimens of original design are recommended For the measure alloy A-UJ4SG diminishes the susceptibility of the material to
of the crack propagation rate. the D C B tDouble Cantilever mntercrystalline corrosion. while sensitivity to StresS corrosion
beam) pra-cracked specimen was found effective Author remains significant The influence of aeration on the solution
appears to be of malor importance Transl by K P 0

N72-21919,$ Naval Ship Research ai ' Development Center.

Annapolis. Md Corrosion Branch
N72-21922h Industrieanlagen Betriebsgesellschafh mb H
INFLUENCE OF TEST METHOD ON STRESS CORROSION
BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS IN SEA WATER Oniohrunn iWest Germany)
George J Danek in AGARO Specialists Meeting on Stress RESULTS OF COMPARATIVE STRESS CORROSION TESTS
Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 I1 p refs iSee ON AtZnMgCu-ALLOYS USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF
N72-21900 12.32) SPECIMENS
Avail NTIS HC $6 OOMF $095 Werner Lehmann In AGARD Specialists Meeting on Stress
Highlights are presented of recent investigations on sea Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 15 p (See N7-2 1900
water stre-ss corrosion behavior Of high strength aluminum alloys 1232)
Avail NTIS HC S6 00 MF SO 95
"Rolled
innu..:nce7000-series
plate was used to show a significant
ot specmefn orientation on sea water stress corrosion In order to evaluate and to compare the stress corrosion
response The results suggested that tests in the short transverse behavior of more complicated structural parts for example die
direction are essential in ascertaining stress corrosion behavior of forgings from the two different alloys 7079 T6 and AZ 74 6 1.
high strength aluminim alloys in either smooth or precracked various types of specimens were taken from critical locations on
specimens Based on these results a number of high strength the forging These locations are the area around the lack point
hand forgings representisg the 2000-u 6000 . and 7000 sentes hole the main parting plane and the area of the first two rows
hand forings. epren and 700s-e
eries of bolt holes C rings precracked 0C8 specimens and smooth

taken in the short transverse direction Inconsistencies Are tension specirunenn wiuc -an, rid. 3,; *'. n:2d 3 5 % F4,30
observed when the sea water stress corrosion results from alternate immersion test The test specimens were periodically
precracked cantilever specimens are compared to those from inspected in qrder to find out the time rr failure (tension
smooth specimens The results indicate t. it each of 1! e two specimr'ens). tie time to the first crack or to complete fracture
techniques provides important information, and both methods (C-rings) and the crack length as a function of time as well as
should be used in assessing the sea wale stress coirosion the threshold stress value ItJCB specimens) The results show
behavior of high strength aluminum alloys Author that fegings from the alloy AZ 74 61 are superior to those of
7079-T6 Author

N72-21920# Aluminum Co of America. Pittsburgh Pa Chemical

Metallurgy Div N72-21923ii Carpenter Technology Coip Reading. Pa
DISCUSSION OF PAPEP INFLUENCE OF TEST METHOD STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF MARTENSITIC
ON STRESS CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM PRECIPITATION HARDENING STAINLESS STEEI.S
ALLOYS IN SEAWATER BY GEORGE J DANEK Michael Henthorne Jn AGARD Specinahsts Meetinj on Stre.s
Oonald 0 Sprowis and J G Kaufman , AGARD Spec-illsts Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 8 p refs SIee
Meeting on Stress Conrrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 7 p N72 21900 12 32)
refs iSee N72.21900 12 32) Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MF S095
Avail NTIS HC $600 MF S0 95 Stress corrosion c'icking tests on two Preip-ation-
It is showit that the method of testing -Aith precracked hardened stainle's steels Custom 455 and Custom 450 were
specimens may bi affected as much or more than traditional used to study the effects of heat treatment product size type of
xmooth specirirer methods On the basis of estimated threshold test specimen, and test environment Smooth specinlers (tensile
stress intensit-i5 obtained with precracked cantilever beam bent hiam and U bendl and Precracked cantilever beams were
specimens ranikings of alloys are riporled that are unrealistic tested in sodium chloride solution, salt spray ard a natural
compared to service eAperrence and estimated threshold stresses marine atmosphere The cracking resistance of Custom 455
obtained from tests 0; smooth beam specimens Tests of the improves significantly as the aging "emperature increased 'e
some alloys with bolt loaded precracked double cantilver beam as the yield strength decreases and the toughness increases
specimens ranked the alloys in good aq:eement with ranKings Specimens cut from large product sizes leg ý)illeli have lower
obtained from tests of smuo:h tensile sP-cimens Author tracture toughness than smaller sizes te it berl The diffe:ences
between stress corrosion ind cracking in galvani corrosion
situations are discussed Author

N72-21921k Societe Nationzle Industrirtle Aerospatiale Paris

(France)
PARTICIPATION OF THE STUDY OF CORROSION UNDER N72-21924x Societe Nouvelle rins Ac'cries de Poiioey (France)
TENSION OF CERTAIN HIGH RESISTANCE ALUMINUM INVESTIGATION OF AN ACCELERATED STRESS
ALLOYS 1PARTICIPATION A L'FTUDE DE LA CORROSION CORROSION CRACKING METHOD
SOUS TENSION DE CERTAINS ALLIAGES D'AI UMINI)M M Hugo J Bellot and E Herzog In AGARD Specialrs:s
A HAUTE RESISTANCEI Meeting on wress Curusu, Ti,,,, Nffi.th-, J•,i 1372
Robert OOsle In AGARD Specialists Miteeting on Stress ItI rels %SeeN72 21900 12 32)1
Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 15 j) In FRENCH 'See Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MF $0 95
N72 21900 12 321 An acceleraled sloni slrirnr rate tensile rirethod li testing is
Avail NTIS HC $6 CO Mt $0 95 suggested which may he isulul for inspection purvoses Slow
Experiments were conducted of) corrosion under tension of straining in nitrate. NaOH arid acid erivlrunmernts are resirl~ed
two of ,he principal alum~num alloys used in the French aircraft Author
32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 289

N72-21925# United States Steel Corp. Monroeville Pa Specialists Meeting on Stress Corrosion Testing Methods Jan
Applied Research lab 1972 10 p rets (See N72-21900 12 321
MICROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF STRESS CORROSION Avail NTIS HC S6 00. Mr $'3 95
CRACKING IN STEELS WITH HIGH YIELD STRENGTH Various techniques for the study of crack morphology.
f H Phelps In AGARD Specialists Meeting on Stress contaminant identification. and electrochemistry are considered
Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 14 p refs (See These include the use of lime lapse photography. transmission
N72-21900 12-32) and scanning elec'--,n microscopy introduction of radioactive
Avail NTIS HC $600,MF S095 elements into the corrosive media under studt. and pH and
The microscopic features of stress corrosion cracking in oxidation-reduction indrators KP 0
steels with high yield strength are reviewed with the objective of
establishing specific characteristics by which stress corrosion can
be identified Photomicrographs of stress corrosion cracking N72-21929# Ecole des Mines. Paris (France
obtained under known exposure conditions on specimens of alloy FRACTURE INITIATION AND STrl-SS CORROSION
steels, of precipitation hardenable stainless steels, and of maraging CRACKING OF WELDED JOINiS OF ALPHA TYPE
steels are presented and discussed The most consistent feature TITANIUM ALLOYS
of stess corrosion cracking in these steels is that it urually is C Chass,.;n and P R Krahe In AGARD Specialists Meeting onr
initiated at multiple sites on the steel surface Cracking inay he Stress Corrosr,.,. Testing Methods Jan 1972 6 p refs (See
inteigranular or transgranular. depending on the al!oy systxm ar-'i N72.21900 12-321
the environment Sranching occurs in sre instances bu: is not Avail NTIS HC $600 MF $0 95
a consistent characteristic of stress corrosion crack'.g in steels The almost instantaneous fa':ir of some welded joints of
with high yie!J strength Author cerlain Ti-AI-Sn alpha type alloys when in contact with carbon
tetrachloride vapor was studied and related to the sight surface
contamination developed during argon arc welding Analysis of
N72-21926%, National Aeronautics and Space Administration the contaminated layers with the Cast.imi. Slodzian ion probe
Langley Research Center. Langley Station Va showed that a substantial amount of oxygen penetration had
HOT SALT STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF TITANIUM occurred during the welding operation Te-st•ng showed that the
ALLOYS: OVERVIEW AND IMPACT ON SPACE SHUTTLE susceptibility to stress corrosion was related to the extent of this
APPLICATION penetration and microciacks were observed to form on the
W Barry Lisagt: and James E Gardner In AGARD Speciatists welded surfaces after loading tut before contact with tho
Meeting on Strens Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 corrosion medium As oxygen in solid solution in titasurn
10 p refs rSee N72 21900 12.32) reduces its ductulity these mechanical cracKs propagate under
(NASA TM X-68304) Avail NTIS CSCL 1 IF the action of a constant load deeper into the more contaminated
Tne test prugram described was conducted to determine if samples Author
onset of hot salt stress corrosion cracking would occur in the
surrx~x
cnpvr~c iitic, ~ -arid
co.rsirlered for titanium heat shields in the shuttle mission In N72-21930fN Istiltuto di Rice.che Breda SpA. Mair ihalyl "
addition efforts were made to assess the effects of cyclic PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE RESEARCH ON THE
exposure on cracking to compare the resistance to cracking of INFLUENCE OF THERMOMECHANICAL TREATMENTS ON
the two proposed prime candidate alloys (T.6AtA 4V and STRESS CORROS.OtN CRACKING BEHAVIOUR OF A:SI
Ti-6Al -2So 4Zr 2Mo) and to determine the effect of Mach 3 4340 STEEL
arf-ow on cracking behavior The results indicate that cracking R DeSantis. L Matteoli. and T Songa In AGARD Specialists
will occur on salt coated specimens continuously exposed in Meeting on Stress Corrosion Testing Methods Jan 1972 5 p
laboratory ovens for 100 hours at temperatures and stresses refs ISee N72-21900 12.32)
pvrposed for shuttle TPS application However both cyclic Avail NTIS HC $6 00 MF $0 95
exposure and enposure in a Mach 3 airstrearn tend to decrease Two grades ot 4340 AISI steel were selected air-melted
the damage observed The T. 6AI 4'. alloy qxhrb,teo a higher and electroslag remelted Experimental results are presented
threshold stress than the T, 6Al ?Sr.4Zr 2Mo alloy but suffered which were obtained by testing the hardness of two specimens
more apparent damage no,.e onstr rf cracking occurred As,'Inhor of bolth steel grades subjected to thermomechanicat treatments
The hardness recovery of the steels tempered at 200 C is very
small. if not absent, and sometimes it takes place after a very
N72.21927x Battelle Memorial Inst Colunrmbus Ohio Corrosion long tempering ime This phenomenon is very marked for the

I
Research Div JUtX L tempered steels in hirs case iong tempering lire LcoUbxus
THE USE OF SLOW STRAIN RATE EXPERIMENTS IN a second decrease of the hardness in a way tn-.r)cal for aging
EVALUATING RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL phenomena No clear relation seems to exist between the
CRACKING metallurgical grade of the material and the behavior upon
James[ Renoehl and Valter K Boyd .'n AGARD Specialists deformation and second tempering Moreovcr tiere were
Meeting on Stress Corrosion Test-ogi Methods Jan 1972 5 p significant differences in thc results obtained on different

I
refs 'See "§- 21900 12 321 specimens of tlh seme material Author
Avai NTIS HC $6C00 MF S095
An erxpeirimerntal trioceilirre s itescritbe1 for evaluating
iess,,a-ne Ir.. stres, cririnsiOri cracking Reltutve degiees of N72-21931n Istituto Sperimenrtale d•i~ Metall Leggeri. Novara
sus(:eoltibiliy to e rnvronmeirlal cracking and enbrit:lement can 'Italy) Metallurg' Dept
be determined as a function of mrechanrical duct.lity parameters PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF MECHANICAL AND STRESS "
reduction i• area elornion eIc , ii as a function of CORROSION TESTS ON PLATES OF 7075 ALLOY
emeClrocheCal ptolarization p:arameters eleclode putenrtal pH PRODUCED BY A NEW PROCESSING TECHNIQUE
solution compositionr Pr - by pillng cylindrical tonosime specimens "F DiRrisso M Conserva and M Bu-ath In AGARD Speci,.1sts
at a slrow strain rile write iey dre sitrlnrrjhC-i to rctolled Meeting or, Stlress Corroslori Testing Methods Jan 1972 6 p
elacrroc-hemrcal and erisr, nimiridal , onlditons *pleloide potential i•e N72 21900 $600 12-321ME 50 951
Author AvaI NTIS2C
solulioii composilrron liprnlitahiire etc
The primary and secondary properties of hot rolled plates of
7075 ;ll,,y a,. hr,-fly desrihPil Thr mnlrrals show a reduction
N7-2 1928. LoickhrecI Calhftrii. C') BS:h;nk Materials of the transversr effect coml. tred to coriventionally produced
Research Leh, plales lmprro-e -hat actellStlcs of ductiltri, fracture toughness,
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES USED TO STUDY STRESS a-rd stress inertroson
stance w.ere attalred ... the short
CORROSION MECHANISMS IN AIRCRAFT STRUCTURAL transverse directorn alonrq 4, l, slenrjfh lenels cqoral t) or higher
ALLOYS Than those ol sirlar -narerost• lrrrrucej irr the traIl.ulonal way
6 M Hoch VV " KntIr,: ,li K E Vetier .ri AGARD Author
290 32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

N72-22918# Aiviuory Group for Aerospace Research and using typical first generation high modulus compOsite aircraft
Develop-rent. Pars (France). empennage structure, as examples of current practices in
THE ACCUMULATION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE IN airframe production The following subjects are discussed (1) the
AIl CRAFT MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES most frequently occurring defects in manufacture of composite
JS&higvs (NtaI. Aerospace Lab.. Amsterdam) Jan 1972 125 p structures. (2) major NOI techniques currently available. and
rals their limitationr (3) some newer techniques, and how they will
(AGARO-AG-157; AGAR Dograph-157) Avail NTIS till the gap. art (4t problems of acceptance.!rejection criteria
The available Iterature in the field of fatigue damage P id how these decisions may bI quantified Author
iacumulation sa surveyed and analyzed Physical aspects of
fatigue damage accumulation are discussed, including interacotion N72-28902# Rolls-Royce. Ltd. Wateford (England) Small
and sequence effects Empirical trends observed in variable- ngine RtE
amplitude tats arelummrnzed including the effects of 4 high Engine DFiv
preloed. penodical high loads, ground-to-a-i cyles and the THE iNFLUENCE OF FREHaING ON FATIGUE. PART 3
variables pertaining to program loading, random loading and W J Harris Paris AGARO Jun 1972 25 p
flight-simulation loading This also includes results from full-acale (AGARD-AR-45) Avail NTIS HC $3:.
fatigue teat erins. Various theories on fatigue damage The effects of fretting on the fatigoe properties of various
siccumulation are recapitulated The significance of these theories materials are discussed Th'e development and evaluation of
for explaining empirical trends 3s well as for estimating fatigue anti-fret .nedia on titanium and aluminum alloys is described
properties as a design problem is evaluated. For the latter The laboratory equipment used to conduct the experiments is
puqpoae reference is made to the merits of employing expenence illustrated Tables and graphs are :nc!udad to portray the results
from previous designs Fatigue testing procedures are discussed of the experiments P NF
in relation to various testing purtpces Emphasis is on
flight-simulation tests. Finally several recommendations for further N72-29893. Advisory Grip ',r Aerospace Research and
work are made Author ttnvelopment Paris liancei
A,C3USIIC FATIGUE DESIGN DATA. PART 1
A G R Tnomson tEng Sci Data Unit Ltd ) May 1972 58 p
"re's
N72-24934# Advisory Group lor Aerospace Research and 1AGARD AG-162 Pt I AGARDograph-162Pit 11 Avail NTIS
Deivelspment Paris (France) HC $5 00
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND INSPECTION APPLIED The pir-blem of acoustic fatigue life of a structure sublected
TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES to let noise is introduced A framework of a design prOcedure
Feb 1972 34 p refs Presented at 32d AGARD Structures and applicable especially to skin panels is described A method of
Mater Panel Meeting London. 31 Mat 1971 estimating the near field sound pressure levels due to high
(AGARD-R-590) Avail NTIS HC $3 75 velocity let noise is described including its limitations Methods
Papers on nondestructive testing applied to specimens and are described to predict the first two groups of natural
structural pants made of cori..pusiteiiteiosxxp:srt~ le.orof 11iit!and Cngi, prrvoj Sir- rr-nrrrer st'uc!tncs W-ýii-I
Various methods for failure inspection in carbon fiber composites four dilfereirt end conditions The parafrietes Lonsidered are i t
ard the possibilities and limitations ol nondestructive inspection stringer torsional stilfness 121 aspect ratio of a typich: section.
for juasiry control of airframes made of boron composites are and 13i the number of hall waves across the frame :)i :h \
discussed For individual titles, see N72-24935 through method of estimating the toot mean snuare in rectangulr Siin
N72-24936 panels subtect to random acoustic loading is presented Autor.(

N72-33915#, Advisory Ui,ýcw fcr Aerospace Research and

N72.24935# Cranfield Inst of Tech- .Iogy lEnglandi Development Paris iFianciel
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CARBON FIBRE A COMPARISON OF METHODS USED IN FLUTTER
REINFORCED POLYMERS RESEARCH
C N Oviston In AGAPD Nondestructive Testing and Inspection H G Kue~sser fu[VLR Goettinieri West Germnany; Aug 1972
Applied to Composite Mater and Structures Feb 1972 141 p rets
p 1.21 Sponsored by Min of Aviation Supply (See N72 24934 (AGARD-R 512) Avail NTiS HC$9 25 CSCL OtC
15-32) The agefrequencie. modes ind ijeneral red masses of the
Avail NTIS HC $3 75 F 104G anrcrart have been talcirlaled from the dr.wrngs ny the
Uftrasonic. radiographic. cddy current and acoustic emission finite eler-ent fr ethod Tie rdealum-toti of the Stiucture by
techniques are described, and possible larlure mechanisms different types of elemenits arid the formltion of The corresponding
especially in fatigue are discussed It is concluded that mass matrix by tId,ng In-med masses are described The
nondestructive testing of carbon fiber composites is feasible structure is divide) into isolrterl substructuri's By several
Care must be exercised in realizing that composites are not condensatioi procedures ine numbe- of symn.etric and
metals, and the interpretation of the indicators may be different antisymmetlic unknowns has beter, reduced stepwise from 8250
There are few case histories o0 failure with corlpoSites and .794 to 170 - 162 The riqid tioOly niodes have been
predictions of the importance of defects is les certain than for eliminated by 3 • 3 supports and by a modified mass matrix
metals In general valiations in trie fibrous part of the composite The results of the calculation of 24 rodes are described and
are easy to locate and predictionrs of failure are easier to make illustrated Onlyt 3 nI Iherri were coirirraale with coriesonding
techniques for looking at the matrix are not so good and there is measurements ol two independent grirurid vibration Tests Whereas
less confidence in nondestructive testng where the performance the eigenfrequencns agree withn a few percent the mode
of the component is markedly matrix dependent Author shapes and Iht corresponding qeneralized masses show large
diHerences anrid uggest the need for furher improvements of the

Air Force Materials Larn WIright Patterson AFO calculation inernorl Author
N72-24936e
Ohio Ad~vanced Comnosites Div
NONDEPSTRUCTIVE INSPECTION PRACTICES USED IN
PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE AIRFRAME STRUCTURES N73 14898- Advir-y Gi,oti for Ae,rospace Research and
E H Jaffe In AGARD Nondestir. -ive Testing and Insrechlon Develorincri! Pars iFrariei
AprAhed :C CC.;;o7.ry c Ma.tci a- 5!-j!t-es 6e- 1972 ACOUSTIC FATIGUE DESIGN DATA PART 2
p 23 31 (See N72 24934 15 32) A G R Thorisr.on iEnuirrn.eenqi Sir Data Unit Lt • aIt R r
Avail NTiS HC $3 75 Larribeit Eninn-eri,. Sc Data Urit Ltdi Nov 1972 59 p
tie Possibilities and mlmtations of rion6rn stiructve inspection refs
INbir applied to the ijuaIlry control of a primary structural part iA(,AFtD At(, 162PFt AIUO(.lAPit 162 Pr 2, Avail
made of boron cirnposite are des.ritied The NDI is discs•ssed NTIS HC S600
32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 291

Datd for use in aerodyna.mnic struclura' design to reduce the theories or fatigue damaca accumulatrir are recapitulated The
eH.acts oi acustic fatigue ale n:esentcd The subjects discussed significance of these th:.oroes for explaining empirical trends as
are •Ii endurance of aluminun alloy structural elements s.iblected well as for estimatrn5 fatigue properties as a design proble- is
to acoustic loading 12Q)nturaI frtquencies of flat or sing'y curved evaluated Autho'
sandw-ch panels with cores 0 f zero flexural stiffness and (3i
stress response of flat or singly curved sandwich panels with
cores of zero flexural stiffness subjected to random. acoustic
loddrrg Autisi
N73-16900 National Aerospace Lab. Amsterdam. iNetherfands)
EFFECTS OF TEST FREQUENCY ON FATIGUE CRAf.K
t
PROPAGATION UNDER FLIGHT F ML'.ATION LOADING
J Sc+llrve In AGARD Syrmp on Rarujom Load Fatigue Oct
I
1t12 17 p refs (For availability ee N73-16896 07-32i
Fatigue crack propagation in 20241T3 anu 7075-Tr sheet
N73 16f,' 6N Advisory Group for Aerospace Research "nd material was studied at th,'e test frequencies, viz 10 1 and
Develop ý-nr Paris (France) 0 1 cycl-s per second The flight simulation loading was based
SYMPOSIUM ON RANDOM LOAD FATIGUE on a Cust spectrum The design stress level was adopted as a
Oct 1972 237 p refs Syrrop held at 341h meeting of th 4 second variable DOfthrences between the .rack propagation rates
A'jARD Stiuct and Mater Panel. Lyngby Uermark. 13 Apr at the three tey. frequencies we:e small and unsystematic The
1972 sponsored by Strucf and Mater Panel propagation was much slower than predicted from constant
iAGARD.CP. 118) Avail NTIS HC S1400 amplitude test dala Moreover. the macro-cracking behavior
Physical aspects of fatigue damage accumulation and the appeared cr be diffe:ent Author
significaice of theories for the calculation -f fatigue damage
accrmulatini, are revie- red Influence of test fiequencies on crack
propagation rates mqasurements of residual stresses in notched N73 !6901 Air Fo" ý S'stems Command. Wright Patterson AFO.
spe. i: ens etc are seporled For individual tiles, see N73- 16897 COhRc
th, .ugh N73.16904 CORRELATION BETWEEN LABORATORY TESTS AND
SS.:RVICE EXPERIVNCE
IN 8 IVrler and Holland B Lov.-des In AGARD Symp on
N73 16897 Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerosparale Paris Random Load Fateiue Oct 19)2 IC p refs (For availabifity
iFrancel see N73 -161.96 07-32 1
A SHORT SURVEY ON POSSIBILITIES OF FATIGUE LIFE Direct connjarisons are made between full scale fatigur,' lest
ASSESSMENT OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES BASED ON failures and actual service farires for several military a,:craft
RANDOM OR PROGRAMMED FATIGUE TESTS The correlations are discussed in relation to the basic lathge
W Barrois In AGARD Synmp on Random Load Fatigue Oct test procedures and spectra used Some methods used to force
1972 21 o refs tFor av.ilability sue N73- 16896 07 321 correlation where apparent correlation is licking are disc.ussed
After considering designers needs and detailing the various. The improvements in fatigue testing evolved over the past 25
phyica" parameters that are significant in the fatigue behavior years are summarized Author
of specimons and structures several types of fatigue tests are
reviewed tIredclicon methods 3f structure fatigue life frot fatigue N73-16902 Technical Univ of Denmark Lyngby Dept of -
tests of corr.r,,nents assemblies and sit Jiturec, undergoing Solid Mechanics
conslant amplitude loadingsare surveyed After considering fatigue (IN RESIDUAL STRESSES DURING RANDOM LOAD
tests under programmed loadings the case of random loadings FATIGUE
is briefly discussed It is concluded That describing rardom loadings Find Rotvel In AGARD Symp on Random Load Fatigue Oct
hby their .oot mean squares is not sufficient to predict the 1972 14 p refs Fro, availability see ;473 1689G 07.32!
ftigue liveý of structures even vihen the shape of the load Data are presentedl from random fatigue tests on norma;lzed
on.or spuiri-m i, knnwn Pexep-t mr in I-asp If comnarair carbon steel with 0 7% carbon In notched s; ecimens a preload
t
prediction where the only change is the general mtensity o the beyond the yield siress induced residual SilLsses around the
spectrum The possibility of test acceleration by increasing lhý nr.tcJh The residual s!resses were meisuied with an X ray
general load -r intensity is considered Author measuhr'rr (echnque a: intervals during the" tel.igue Ioa' ng Results
frorir broadband and narrowband stochastic loadrn.) tests are
compared w-th ronstant arnplitude sinusoidal tests Author
N73 16898 Royal Airc if, IFuablishment Farriborough i lngla-idi
Structures Dept N73 16903 Industrieanlarien Betriehlsgeselis.hnft rr b H Otto
SOME EFFECTS OF CHANGE IN SzPECTRUM SEVERITY br.nr iWest Gaermanyt
AND SPEZTRUM SHAPE ON FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR THe: FATIGUE LIFE UNr"ER THREE DIFFEFR NT LOAD
UNDER RANDOM LOADING SPECTRA TE.IS AND CALCULATIONS
-.' T Krrkby In AGARD Symp on Rando'n mlad Fatlijue Waller ••ichuet, In A(,ARO Symp on Random Loar al.Fa-ie
.cr 1972 19 p aet; for availability see N?3 16896 U7 O3,
Oct ,372 10 p iefs For ivatabih, see N73 '6896 0? 321
The Froblan, of reassess-vy the fatigue life to.I di lcali One of the rnorie nrortlari: ;:rolulems in the faligue Wie
Structure is consilered wreniit i round that the stectrin of predlictor• ,f irrtritlry airplanes s caure;J by tre drfference between
loeds experienced in set .rce drffe',s from the load spectrur ipphri:i the load ;pe(:trum usPe -n thc -u:: •-ale fahi(f.e res.t an:d Ifn
in lest ResutIts obitainer during fatigue tests oer structur al elirtenl, tiad Sp.ctrur .n s,-i,-cr Cer'rtiler flight bir flight test, -ith t•ro
*mnden randomn I-mad sp.eclra ire used to illu-,ate some ol the types, of rIt-rert Str-erIfrteis •lrd a •tr•otd ujnOit simulating a skin
initrrirapt Cctrrsrrfetatio.rs ri:,olved It is sihownm that tire us,'e . fltt-j ici.n! w te r.alined Out onrier th'ep rld tretril toael ,pec!ra
t
an improved methodl of le piediction will generally lead o cccur u.g it, s.rvce of a German n .Ilane afplarre It is shownr,

MII - "r lie -rI ) trlcular

d The I res vIt'l h.qt ar(csac +V folr the
N73 16899 :,eh r Aeros-pace - itt m ten urri I pri.eitaruts. rrotc neil stir.- itriris and II . i--ri''.y to- the rOltnif
THE ACCUM'JLAT.ION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE IN AIRCRAFT specirii Arutoicni
MArERIALS AND STRUCTURES
.1 S ,h lte In A(,.' tO0 Sim i , on luund(cii. Ioca-. i align.. O- I N 73 16904 I a!,,),iat .t
iri.
.. de l-r'trhfe ,l jrI .- dt
.•cr-i
1972 120 p rtl •or aaniatritit see N,3 16396 U7 32, iNv-st te:,nany,
Phyurci; aspects of tarirlue ji-,ltaile a .laccirrul..tii ,or A RELATION BETWEEN MEASURED CENTER OF GR;VITY
discusser ,ntudvirg intiraction and sequence effects E-p,rial VERTICAL ACCELERATIONS AND THF LOADS AT THE
tre-ds ohbsersed in vsratie ampltude Itsts ai. srniir aroerI T TAIL OF A MtLITAP': AIHPLANE
mn iud.-g TIme effects of , h-gh puel-rai pt r.ind.ival hugh luadls Oitt' i-.rt urn . ArARf) r•iir.ft ,Ii har-torni toe I, vtf,,ur-
gro")nd to air cyclfe and it-e verrafiles vpeaa.rntl to piocula,,i Ocl 1972 1C•rp ret ;to amailat•r sc-n N`73 16dcrr " 3 i)
toadinrg -ndoni JOcadirig and Itryrir sinulaIr in lriamlr-J . i ih,J attn rn: e4'gin.ehi•i so niii.orrr s -- srtei1 fr", ro etalt" -a Iwo
rimlueld vsmults fIvin lu1l Male fatlrue leil Seriefs Vairuus d.lfrc-;itrandci nails ime. h:nt.rj-es ba•f•,s or nmea.,rnmusrenls
I C C Gi acceteralrca countings Author Nations in providing test proceduores for the problems

F473-18916# Advisory Group fot Aerospace Research and

AGRU
HO ONLWCCEHIGH TEMPERATURE Germany-

J Daper(CnredeReh e.Liege) Dec 1972 33 p LEVELS OF JET-SUPPORTED V STOL AIRCRAFT

faiuetsin t
ihtepraueILCHTFr as received from let (no ground effect' by means of a modified LrghthrlI theory
~ndsir
an uniefc;i~) i 9
57 lbortores ATOnatonsusing measured reference sound frelds is explained Tire fhortcom-
nd ativty n LCTF estng
he iterst icluas
The nfomaton gs of the rcferenre frelds presently used as werl as a means
tecfrnrques and condit ions usedAuho to eliminate them, are shown In addidtion determining frequency
spectra in the qear sound field by means of a modified Strouhal
number is described The valirdity of the modified Lrghthrll tf'ecrr
N73-18931 I Advisory Group for Aerospace Research crcd is proven by means of two dr1fferent engine lets Wall fet sounrd
burveletpmerrt Parirs (France) frelds isound fields of an engine let directed vertically towards
_,dMMARY AND EVALUATION OF SPECIALISTS MEETING the ground) and thre influence of !he Pssential parameters affer-Irrg

ON STRESS CORROSION TFsT:!4G METHODS the sourd frelldiae drvcu~sseJ Increase ! noise levels due to
0 ald E Prper lo~ckheed Missiles ana Space Co. Inc , Palo grounred effect are examined us-ig V STCJL arifcraf operation as
Alto. Cal~rt Dec 1972 1 1 p refs .Iexample Author
(AGARD AR 521 kvail NTIS HC £3 00
A summary rv presented of the two-day Screcr~illsts Meeting
on Stress Clorosron Tesfinng Msethrods hefd during the 33rd Meeing N73-29908' Naiaonal Aeroniautircs arrd Space vvdrrriinvtratlurr
of the Structures and Materials Panel of the Advisory Group for Langley Resea rh Center Langley Station Va
Aerospace FL-,earch and Development IAGARDi in Brussels. DYNAMIC LOADING OF AIRCRAFT SURFACES DUE TO
Befqlium cn October 5 and 6, 1971 The program was pvepa'edJE EHAS IMIG EN
to promote free and candid discussion of it) the utility and 0 L Lainsing J A Drischler. .iJ Brown, arid J S Mixssri I,-
sgnificance of stress-corrosion data to current engireering and AGARD Syrip on Acoustic Fatigue May 1973 9 p rely
design practices (21 the proqresv byeing made by NATO countries (For availability see N73 29905 20 32-
toward sfandardizafion o. test technnques for stress-corr,.sion CC 1C5-
crackin- and (31 thsose test methods which might be recommended High lift wing conceptsý being conside~ed for application to
as t~naidtecniqes
n he mmeiat fuureAutorcomincicial STO L iranspoitt are discussed The flow patterns
nf ~ ~ ~~~
as~~~~~~~~ meit uueAto
stnadtcnqe i~ch p~orlce d, naric loads or, these wings are rndicatid
Measurements of surface pressure and acceleration con a
N73BSSNAvisrsro
rou Aeospce eserchandone half scale model of an externallyt brown double slotted flap)
N73-888# rouAvisry
To Aeospce eserchandaie reporled Root mean square values power spectra, ai~d scaling
Deveeopment. Poirs (Franrcef aaeesaesonAto
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT ON THE AGARDpaaetraeslonrAhr
SYMPOSIUM ON RANDOM LOAD FATfGUE
Wolter Schuetz )f,rdustrieanlajan-Botnrebsg@541tscatI~ mnb Hf N 73-29909 National Aeronautical Establtishmrrent Ottav~a
Jun 1913 13 p rats Ontairor Structýi'es aiid M~ateeials Lab
IAGARO-AR-541 Avait NTIS NC 5300 SURFACE PRESSUIRE FLUCTUATIONS FROM JET IM
Brief summaries of the papers presented to the AGARD PINGEMENT ON AN INCLINED FLAT PLATE
Symposium are preeonted Conclusions and recommendations axe F2 Westley J H 'Aioltley and P Brosseau :ri AGARD Symp
included Topics discussed include full scale favieue testing, crack cii AcouJstic fatigue May 1973 18 p refs -For availability
propaliation under flight-by-ffrght loading fatigue life prediction. see N73 29905 20 32,
mossijiement and estimation of fatigue loads. danrage accumulA- -hcintlrrrrrce of le' iMpingemeirt pressure Ilvcriiaiions )on
itroet and servic experience F 0 S5 tin stirirural ilisiny- r'0 short takeoff aircraft trial 'Ise externally
frirrrir air..siscirssel' An, edpri~ment is describedt in which
the stirluirt pressure fluctuations on, a flat plate were miasured
N 73 29906eF Advisory Group for Aeiospace Resarc arid výheii ani imi-iifnrl (olif ai let was lrlo~vn at the [)late with
rlevelopmennt Paris IFrancei various speeds I-Iolinationr angles arid sepafairori distances The
6YMPOSIUM ON ACOUSTIC FATIGUE nrea~urf.,j 'riraci:srrr (esi eesui hnset r
May 1973 273 p refs Partly in FRENrCH mostly in ENGLISH inrpltiole Aut nor
Papers presented at 35tn Meeting of lhe Structures and Mater
Pantel Toulouse 26 27 Seo 1972 N73 29910' Naturnal Ae~rnjrirrrrti artid Sprace Ad'rirtirslatio
iAGARD CO-I 1131 Avail NTIS HC St5 75 Ante% fIesvarr.lr Lenter MoAcffeltFcrel Calif
The proceedings of a confereince on acocistic fatigue and PRESSUJRE FLUCTUATION INPUTS AND RESPONSE OF-
neelliods for reducirng the effects of acoustic fatiguie are presented PA NELS UNDERLYING ATTACHED AND SEPARATED
The sublicts discuisned iniclude III dynamic loading uf airciaft SUPERSONIC TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS
suilaces -isa to at exhacust repingenyent. 2-recioiilse of strucl rree Cliales F Core artd We, J Chvir It, AGARLI Sytrii or, Arursiri
to -niucipra-c loads i3. ditsigri diut lc' arnrtimc fatigue -41 I ati.i: Slay 1973 20 p) nefs IFr- iaalafrility see N7 799?g(:ri
rda-trp'n adf Lomposilp stiriu:iues i5' son-- fatillve of tiiided 20 312r
sandwich, structures and 16. assessnent of test techirirrjet for CSCI 200
delerni...riirg euteni of acoustic I '-ire For individual ri~es see Ife-ii% )If ant iirvestigdllict AIsuitare ie5ss ire flucruarnorih
N73 29906 thruuglI 4173-29923 a~ir,
I rsp-l:r oi riariels rieyiilatraitiher .ii] setrarared
trirtuliritl trouridarV lasers and shuck waves are sunvmanied
N /3-29906 Sc~iete Nationalc Industirelle Aenosp~atale T~ulo'ise I teiinsivr IeIt of a 1jigit asiurirreirt of arxis-~rinrirric an-i
-France) Bureau uj Etudes d irscriýoal models have lieen
ý clysi SItin'iirl,- arid
atifuir
KIEYNOTE ADDI4ES6 AIALLOCUTION D(JUIVERYUREI suliiis"iii Muir iurln iit 3 6 l" studv file ple~suff flields
Renu Loufret In AGARD Symp on Acoustic fatigtjie MAI Ass'rii'l lixirI -1ljip fl-il J'ArIls hive linee testedj at Ma3f' Isumbers
1973 2 p I:r .REf4LH Iifie avarldiity see 1 729905 20 321 i'~jr. I (o tI 2CGIt. Jttacrild arid Lorrilelc'el, separateif flow fiefds
32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 293

arid &ISOin mixed flow With d step induced shock wave os-Ilatirig Brian L Clarkson In AGABO Symp on Acoustic Fatiguei May
of%the panels The surface pressure fluctuations are des~cribe,' 1973 16 p refs (For 9avaiabiliy see N73 2990i~ 20 321
in terms of broadband rms spectral denSrtdi zi zspatial correlation A multrcell box structure representing typical aircraft
inform ation Thve effectiveness of paramete-s for sealing the construction was tested in a7 high intensity noise facility The
pressure fluctuations is also illustrated -Measurements of tne vibration response of the internal ribs was studied The rest
amplitude and strain response of the parre:s are compareid wtll specimen was designed in such a way the ribs cvuld be changed
resbonse computations by the normal method of analysts to produce variants in a typical tailplane design A semi empirical
Airtliot method for analyzing the response is developed and compared
with the experirmentat results Author
N73 29911 National Research Council of C~anada Ottawa
-Ontario) N73-29916 Lockheed Califoinia Co Burbank
ACCURATE FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF FLAT ANr. CORRELATION OF SONIC FATIGUE FAILURES IN LARGE
CURVED STIFFENED PANELS FAN ENGINE DUCTS WITH SIMPLIFIED THEORY
G M Liridberg 1'4 AGARD Symnp on Acoustic Fatigue May Jaak Scovere In IýGARD Symp on Acoustic Fatigue May
1973 21 p refs (For availabil- l-ee N73-29905 20 32) 1973 14 p irfs -F.: availability see N73 29905 20 32i
The dynamics of stiffeneid svwere anratyzed using three The nature of the larqe 13n lte enririre intake duct noise and
different stit'lener models The rijie exiact. complete beam finite its effect on the duct struiuctur are described A simple
element Mtethodi vas used1in preference to the T-beam approach semi-ermpirircal niethod -s develciped to piedicl the stiesses in
A rectangular cylindrical shall finite element has been derived intake duct structure induced bo, fan noise The predicted stresses
and was used to Ste-li the dynamic of singly cur%,ed stiffened at the failure location show good correlation wit-h random fatigue
panels The major ell-,t of the curvature is to increase the data for bending acrcoss tire rivet nric Au~iior
lowest frequencies ano io broaden the banded nature of the N73-29917 British Aircraft Caili Weybridge rlinglandi
results Higher ffequenc-es are ltilt- affecteid by the changes ni Cor-inerc~at Aircraft Ory
craueAutho, EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED DAMPING FACTOR5
J A Hay In AGARD Svinp ont Acrcustic Fatigue May 1973
N73-29912 British Aircraft Corp i~peratingi Ltd Bristol tSý p refs (For availabilitv see N73 hP905 20 32'
tic May:a The efýc fdmigon Cri response of a s!ucureIto
RESPONSE AND FATIC-UE CHARACTER.STICS OF LIGHT acoustic excitation is discussea Tne various parairietors eih-ch,
ALLOY MACHfINED PLANK STRUCTur:E1 induce damping are analyzed Mathematical models are developed
D C EaonSmp n Aou-jc ftigu
I AGRD Ma toshow ftrc damping ratio and the equations of motion for
197 aailbiityse
17p efs(Fr N7-290520 ý1viscous an ytrssdamping The tent fecilities and proceJuies
The ~spoiseand
oirue caraceriticsoi ght alloy integrally freprmna eemnto fdmigcefcet t

compared with those of equrvalent latiricazed conventional N3298 ArFreFih yarsLb-Wih-atro

structures The chiaracteristics aie 'eviewsrd with emphasis on N3298ArFreFih yaisLb.Wih atro
the related acorustic fatigue implications Methods of oredict ng AFB. Ohio
dynamic stresses are considered and comparisons are rmade with DESIGN AND SONIC FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF
practical results A research progtram for obtaining information COMPOCSITE MATERIAL COMPONENTS
to b deignguies
usd inprearig i dicus~ed robemsN 0 Wolf and M J Jacobson INorthorp Corp . Hawthorne
associated with nurse induced crack propagation in machined ClfII GR vpo cutcFtge My17
plank structures are reported Author 18 p rets (For availability see N73-29905 20 321
Asummery of two programs concerned -ith the designI
and acous~ic testing of comnpostl material comporients is
N73-29S13 Societe Nationrale lndjisrrelle Aerospatiale. Toulouse presented Equations are developed for both a simpl:iedl thaory
iFrancel Bureau d Etudes and a more general theory in matrix form for predicting natural
EXPERIMENTAL RECSEARCH ON THE RESPONSE OF freqi-encies. mode shapes and stresses in uristiffened and
AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES TO ACOUSTIC FATIGU E cross-sr~tened advanced composite panels subjectind to acoustic
IRECHERCHE EXPERIMENT4ALE DE LA -ENUE DES loads Sonic fatigue test results on simple 8-ply boron-epoxy
STRUC-URES D'AVION A LA FATIGUE ACOUSIIfOUEI and 6 ply cross stiffened graphite-epoxy panels are described
JeanGayhr onAcouticFatgue
GARDSym ay 973This includes panal damping values, fatigue life stress data and
9ea
p a In
FENCH Fr avaiabiity
p seeN c atgu Ma90 19-73 a oescrrPtron where appropriate. of panel fatigue failures Also
Daa9
p r Esente
rIF lon av ondbiitiynse kNown to90ca2i0 ac2 sti a series of 72 bean, specimens was fatigue tested with shaker
Daaaeguele ncniinskont aseaosi cniguations thevbeamp coNdaafrvretssistdufalrahte-ep jo--no
faiu and tent conditions necessary for treating or correcting
th iroblemn Data cover sauce of excitation, flight conditionsbonepxmariladdorvqrecnituations tohevu be -N daitad ofo agriouphiulted jgointo
tagahtepxyo
ad effects of aircraft cirti-ccI zones on the problem Several titan-umapoy matifeeria bode da or iteupto a0 graphie ethpoxyer
lost tpricedures wenre examrineid Transl by H WtiaimalysfenrSNdaupotOoth8tpor
'ycres were obizinec; Frequencies and stirans predicted by tIre
N? 32994Sinires
Lrsirieiiig atv Ut irrrlor I hganalytical procediutec are compared W.th experimentally measured
land? uto
DESIGN DATA FOR ACOUSTIC FATIGUE
A tThomsnry aid R F Larntrent if- AGARO Syr...pon N73-29919 Rotir Cor. Chula Vista Calif
Accustý
ar 97 Ftiue 161, ef Fo avilbilty ~eFONIC FATIGUE OF DIFFUSION-BONDED TITANIUM
3 9300! 20 22: Acosti 972 Ftige 6 .' Mr e~nFo avilailty CCSANDWICH STRUCTURE
The development anid prepiaration of data sheets for acoustic i uqo5iie in AGA~t2, OYi-p ., iiAux~ .sk *C
fatiue
ata nalyis
er~rdin nd ar ieoriej Te daa ae 171 p 15 p refs If-or availability see N73-29905 20 321
ciasilid
tothel~t~w..(J
acoriris t riridinyJctoii rThe snruc fatigue criaracrerrst-cs of titanium sandwich
claturiedal reiJuerce ro 5trrie respownse 01,loadngrr-rrerrts 12,d~ strucltues risinq a liquid nterlace diffusior r LIDi bonding p-ocess
ri M ltreniratical niro iels foii are discussed Test pa niels w ere sub~ected to s un ri levels of up
oad th lateslinratri
and 14 r fatigueldtlife efe(.
frqueu~e
of inie Lfe 1ref siffessto 170 rfh for extended time por-ors Var-ous Isilure nindas and
a platheufrequencies co- th -1 r~oln airiie coresheart stillness , fiuewr os-dSfic tsri adaosi
a ~data were taken to develop a sen-i enmtirircal design erralvsis
noorlhA single degree of freedom randomi response equationi
N73 29915 Soutrraritiotrii Univr ifirgiarili rirsti t( Suorrir arrid comnhnedl wit a IuriC eloment appoicach for determining
V~bralcru Reearchnatural freqluencieis ad static stress values, was used trio ef~fecti
ESTIMATES OF THE RESPONSE OF B&X TYPE ST.'41C 0I skrir epaui, arid lahriri~I toi -re bond voirds wine uriesfqiiari
TU RES TO ACOUSTIC LOA)I Nb; fry rehirigy pan-ds with pirogramnmredt iteects tiuthini
294 32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

N73-29920 Aeroitih Turin (Italy) test facihty, test fixture, noise source. testing technique, and
ACOUSTIC FATIGUE TEST ON THE VFW-FOKKER VAK instrumentation used. are described along with the test results
191 S STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS Fatigue failure detection techniques are discussed The test results
Piatro Selvaggi #nd Angelo Lores lFiat SpA. Turin) In AGARD ore corrmared with stress predictions from various available
Symp on Acoustic Fatigue May 1973 16 p refs (For methods Author
availability sac N73-29905 20-32)
Near field noise and temperature measurements on 1,4 scale N73-29924# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
model of the VFW-FOKKER VAK 191 8 aircraft indicated that Development. Paris (France)
critical environments will be induced on aircraft structural FAT;GUE LIFE PREDICTION FOR AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES
compaonents during the VTO and STU confrgurations The results AND MATERIALS
of the structural response and endurar ce test performed on a May 1973 223 p refs
fuselage skin panel and on a wing trailing edge flap are reporled IAGARD-LS-62) Ave.! NTIS HC $1325
The noise and tempersture simulation procedure and the Procedures rotpredicting the fatigue life of aircraft structures
experimental facilities arranged for testing purp.,ose are des- are described The sublects discussed are (1) methods 0f stress
cribed Author measurement .naiysis for fatigue life evaluation (2) application
of fracture mechanics principles in design and analysis of aircraft
N73.29921 Royal Aircraft Fstablishment. Farnborough (England) structures. 13) effects of corrosion fatigue. 14) crack growth
Structures Dept prediction techniques and 15) development o1 analytic theory
SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR lot fatigue For individual titles. see N73-29925 through
OF ALUMINUM ALLOY STRUCTURES UNDER ACOUSTIC N73-29934
LOADING
W T Kirkby /n AGARO Symp on Acoustic Fatigue May N73-"926 National Aerostace Lab. Amsterdam (Nether-
1973 14 p refs (For availability see N73 29905 20321 lands)
Data on the fatigue performance of aluminum alloy structural ASPECTS OF AERONAUTICAL FATIGUE
elements which represent typical skin stringer attachments, or J Sctve In AGARD Fatigue Lie Prediction for Arrciah Struct
integrally-milled skin-stiffener configurations for use in design and M;rter May 1973 23 p refs (For availability see
against acoust~c fatigue are discussed The fatigue data have N73 2992A 20-32)
aenerallv thr, nht arnedl from rests- under narrow .hand randloim Th. •i•, ft-gu, crurilly, nf an irri•f is illsiri
Ocofalr,. ,l
loading with zero mear. stress if. lhe s:.,n c.,me guidance is Several steps such a, rI i determinatiOri of the fatigue load
given cn the allowances which should be made for differences environment. f21 response of the aircraft structure (?) internal
in tiandwidth and for effects of mean stress. when using such load distributions and t4l estimation of the fatigue propenries
acoustic fatigue data The tentative advice given is based on are involved The fatigue proper-,es comprise fatigue life, crack
general experience of tine fatigue behaviour o' other types of propeaation and residual stieigth The latter two items together
structural elements under a wider range of random loading with inspection procedures are qualifying the faiilsafety The above
conditions Some consideration is also given to some aspects of aspects are analyzed with reference to the contributions of design
crack propagation under acoustic fatigue loading In parlicular efforts, calculations, testing inspect:ons and fatigue load
the problem of crack propagaition under combined fatigue loading mon.toring Author
ac4.ions is discussed Predictions of crack growth under cabin
pressurtslatinn and acoustic loading are used to illustrate the N73-2t926 Labcratoiium luer Betriebsfestigki it. Darmstadt
significance of the problem with reference to aircraft structures (West Germanyr
which must satisfy fail sate reoirements Author METHODS OF STRESS-MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS FOR
FAI'IGUE LIFE EVALUATION
N73-29922 Hawker Sideieloy Aviation. Lid Srough iEnplandl O Buxbaum In AGARD Fatigie Life Prediction In. Aircraft
ASSESSMENT OF SOREN TEST TECHNIQUES Struct and Mater May 1973 19 p rats ýFor availability
Eric James rniuips In AGAAf' Syrmp on Acoustic Fatigue Sea N73.29924 20-.21
May 1973 IS p refs (For availabily see N73-29905 20-32) The possibilities and limitations of a spectral presentation of
The siren as a rest technique for the determination of response measured stress time historie5 are described A concept is
and tife of arcraft structures sublect to engine noise fiald excitation presented which distinguishes between stresses due to ranoum
is discussed A flat pent: specimen is 1o be placed in the near vibrations and streises due to manoeuvers variations of payload.
noise field of a typical let engine and its stress response measured and which is suitable for any theoretical or eAperimental fatigue
The specimen is placed in a siren and the response which was life evaluatiun Reference is nade also to fatigue testing under
measured in the engine noise held reproduced as clotely as random loading and 1o the derivation of external loads Author
possi•be The differences ,n response is assessed with regard to
the extrapolation of measured siren fatigue life to service N73-29927 Hawker Siddeley Aviation lid Hatfield iEngland)
environments Specimen responses in the engine noise field and THr USE OF COUNTING ACCELEROMETEf! DATA IN
in the siren are Loripared with the theoretically predicted response rATIGUE LIFE PREDICTIONS FOR AIRCRAFT FLYING IN
using methods of varying complexity Author COMPLZX ROLES
J A 8 Lambert In AGARD Fatigue Life Prediction for Aircraft
N73.-ve.13 Air Force Flight Dynamics Lab. Wright Patterson Struct and Mater May 1913 Is p refs For availability
AFS. Ohio see N73 29924 20 32!
SONIC FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT AIR- The use of counting ad.£eleiometer data for predicting the
CRAFT STRUCTURES fatigue life of aircraft lyving in various loau conditions is discussed
R C W VanderHeyde and A W KoIb In AGARD Symp on Memnods to: conducting a full scale fatigue test are explained
AIi.iublr.' ;.lirr May "373 1 ,1 - l I .;t, aral.Lphlly %,06 Thy ~pilir. Ar IruJ -6 ~ l-.
1'
NJ73 29905 20 321 and transport alicraft is analyzed The charactestlic, ut fatigue
An experimental program under vwhich the ,esponse and meteis for obtaining acLJiate load (latd are described Auhor
sonic fatigue resistance of lIohtwe-gh: aircraft structures were
,nve.(irgaled iS iresented The program .rvol.ed a series of
aiuminum alloy parals of bondc-d beaded and skin stringer design N73.29928 Air Force flight (rynairics Lati t1right Patterson
A total of 60 bonded headed and 60 skin-stingiri type lest AF8 Ohio
specimens was nvestig~led The panels were tested it, g jups THE USE OF FRACTURE MECHANICS PRINCIPLES IN THE
of 5 or t0 at 4 diffeent overall sound pessure levels to obtain OESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE TOLERANT
ltr, AesuljS with p riigs a•vn of contidence The data reported AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES
include mude Shapers panel rfarplnyl ratios linearity of response. Howard A Wood Ir, AARDO F arrrjie Life Pierticrnor fot Aircraft
fatigue life and failure rucal Jri Fur some panel corfiigurations Struci and Mater May 1973 1t , refs ,lo, aaelaebdhly
dnta to shove 10 ft) the Eltt power cycles were bltained The see NIJ 29924 20 32,
32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS 295

Current trends in the usage of high strength structural The use of material growth rateldata and analytical retardation
materials for aerospace ppolrcat"oui are reviewed The manner moscdels in Predicting crack growth under variable amplitude loading
to which fracture control procedures may be implemented to is igeviansed Retardation models of current interest ate ditscusseJ
aichgeve a higher degree of damaegg tolerance armdiscussed The and comfp~ared An effective stress model is described. including
application of fracture reQuviremenr to twO current designs is the mathematical formulation. applicability end usage limitations
related Thesa experiences have contributed to the formulation Comparison of analyses and tests for typical spectra aro sriown
of specifications for use acrr~s the board on allI new systems A primaryg factor in the accurate prediction of spectrum, crack
Important aspects of the ,posed USAF damage tolerance giowth behavior is the proper representation of basic growth
criteria. ndiculivig initial damege assumption and crack growth rate data including consideration of R factor shift and porisible
analyses. are di-scussed Author limirt. threshold levir of stress intensity closure it'iects and
enviroinment The relative significance of each of these parama
W73-29929 Battelle- Northwnst Richleand. Wash lets on total cra..k growth life is discussed Author
CORROSION FATIGUE -OR -HOW TO REPLACE THE
FULL SCALA FATIGUE TEST N73-2"933 Hawker Sicidelly, Aviation Ltd Hatfield (England)
W E Anderson In AGARD Fatigue Ufa Prediction ltr Aircraft THE A AreS. -ESOU CUMULATIVE DAMAGE HYPOTH.
Struct and Mater May .1973 10 p refs (For availability ESIS
see Nf73-29924 20 32) J A B Lambert /it AGARD Fatigue ULie Prediction for Aircraft
The effect of environment and stress-cycling in real-lime on Stiruct and Moter May t 73 16 p iefs (For availability
in-21arVic, stru4Ctural failure is disciussed Comoarative calculations seegN73-29924 20-32)
of cracking from a fastener hole are used as the basis of the The limitations of a cumulative damage hypothesis for
investigation A method to overcome the limitations of full-scale estimating the fatigue life of airframes aie described The major
fatigue test data is proposed The method involves sacrificial source of error is identified as being due to neglecting the
xsamination of selected porion of aiframes and testing of th J redistribution of stresses that occurs when a part yields ar a
structural mtris inls under several environmental and stress stres; concentration A cietghod which takes the localized yielding
histories Application of thre procedure for Calculating scheduled effects into account is proposed The procedure ino~lves estimating
repair times for individual anirfames based oin respective flight the change in the actual mean stress of subseqtuent stress cycles
esperiences is proposed Author afote yielding has occurred Author

Nf73-2"930 Agrinnautical Systems Div.- Wright-Patterson AF8. N73-29934 lndustrieanilagen Rtetriebsgesellichaft rab H
On.0 Ottobrunn (West Geimany)
ON FATIGUE ANALYSIS AND TESTING FOR THE DESIGN FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION A SOMEWHAT OPTIMISTIC
OF TH4EAIRFRAME VIEW OF THE PROBLEM
Walter J1 Cricl'low In AGARD Fatigue Lile Prediction for Aircraft Welter Schuely In AGARD Fatigue Life Prediction for Aircraft
Stiuct and Meter May 1973 36 p refs (For availability Struct and Mater May 1973 32 p refs (For availability
see Nf73 29924 20-32f see N73-29924 20-32)
The esperimentla and analytical techniqlues for controlling Lack of correlation bet-seen the fatigue life predicted from
time to fatigue crack initiation in design of aircraft structure are calculations and tests and the serivice life actually obtained is
reviewed to define improvements that may be gained from discussed This may be due to one or several of the followirrtj
available research knowledge Discrepancies among simple theory, causes I ;l incorrect load spectra were assumed in the calculations
esperiment, and service are being explained by ac-
better and applied in thi, tests including the lull scale terst (Q Miners
coluntabiliry for residual stress systems created bV higher than Rule was used i1n me life calculations. 13) unexpected faitures
average loading peeks recurring randomly throughout the occurred starting from material flaws in non redundant structure
service load spectrum Analytical accounting for the generation builti of high streng~h materIas 0 nd t4i the load 5eczuence in
dlseay and recreation of residual stress spectra is an essential the tests, including :he lull scale test was too much simplified
adjunct to the experimental approach for not alt Parts can be it is suggeusted that major improvements i- the accuracy of fatigue
criticaliy teslsed. arid nit Mii road sorii vc ao can ,c !;!c ct•ishn-io. hirll rcissibie usirro modern methods and
accommodated in test Recent advances in residual stress analyses mode-n data These are compared to hitherto t
existing methods
are fereereved Failure theory, interaction matrix chemical to life calculationrs in the design stage c- component testing
icorrosionl. and mechanical (fretting) environmental aspects are and to; the full scale fatigue lost Auithor
explored Variability Of results are discussed in terms of design
life reduction factors Author
N 74-1 5596a Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
111171299311 Battelle-Northwest, Richland Wash Development Parirs IFiancel
A RATIONAL ANALYTIC THEORv OF FATIGUE- SECOND SYMPOSfUM ON STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION
REVISITED Nnuv 1973 390 v reli, Struct andi Mater Panel Syrnp held
A E Anderson in AGARD Fatigue Lile Prediction for Aircraft ai Milan 27 4 Allr 197?
Struct and Mater May 1973 9 p refs (For availability see iAGARD CP 1231 Avail NTIS HG S21I 50
N73 299214 20 32) The symptosiumr papers are crre~ertnd with the major empohasis
Fatigue o1 airframe structureSi is viewed from the standpoint Placed on methods which are already in or are rapidly neritang
of crack initiation and extension By employing a rational analytic a practilcd rperatrorial statur. The papers demvonstrate j
theory of fatigue the aspect of crack extension is treated in fremarkab~le *iivef%.!V of practical appi~;catroii; of ther various
terms of the maximum stress fiei1-patramtetr. and the minimum approaches to stiiicturai opt-tmration i-cr individual titles see
to maximum load excursion ratio Initiation is treated as that N74 15597 tnr~ituyf N74 1S,61
period pilotitr, development ol a well-behaved crack A nurobe,
of itifrliti fatim* al (Isldaaare thereby examined and ý;cmpaialNt 57Brw ruvlivdec
with interpreted, service experiences lhe principal diffeiences NECESSARY A04D SUFFILI. ENT CON401TICrrS FOR GLOB3AL
seem ic sternafrom environmental influence:. in service "rat are STRUCTURAL GPIIMAL.1Y
not represented during laboratory experim rots Author VY Fivuer i- AGARO Second Symp -i~ Structural Oprircizatiorr
Nr-,.~t 13t2 p, itt Strri"oiei 1,1 AROD -For aveg.iahrtrty
N73-29932 Air Force Fiight Dynamics Lib -Wright P"Atterson sea N 74 1 _,E)l 61h3
AFU Ohio A ~Irithor is 'stfy bls which 'iececsary arid sufficient
A SUMMARY OF CRACK GROWTH PREDICTION TECH conditonrs !" qlotrai tnuii optirrahly Canl be derivkd tor a
NIQUEC wide vainely ol itjrignji ri,rrainii The rmor ornice is stressed
Howard A Wood hii AGARO Fatigue Life Predic.tion tor Aircraft ot ~orddi....... triat are vol oily necesar hut also Suftir.reni for
Struct end Majer May 1973 31 Ii refs Jur availability qliptiai airm-ailsti Tirs, n re -netfi';' -- mu-iinmass design
seN73 29924 20 32i of ririss -itt, prvitr latic c-r.i)-llanC~e is trerarte eheig
296 32 STRUCTURAL MECH4ANICS

the truss is to be derived from a given basic layout and When The techniquear of geometric ptograemming is described for
ir-e istyowa is left open Use of the mrethod for other constraints. the solution of non-ine~ar optimization problems The laim .n
alternative stales of loading, and structures of other types is whoch the method was first developed now usually knownr as
xamles specs o s~uclratprototype
illistitedbyornnitrioal geometric programming is presentert in somet detail
ilutae aiectdicuse
bypxapiemCmptationa Atucthora and tb-s is followed by a dbscrrption ol mote recent developments
which have considerably extended the scOpe and u5ufulcess of
Aeospce NY SrucuralSysemsthe
N74-669 CBel Buli method It is demonstrated that many problems afirsing in
Dep168t elArsac oBfao.N tulue ytm optimum structural design may be formulated in such a way as
SUREYp FTESAEtO-H ATOFOTMZTO to be easily and rapidly solved u~itto geometric programming
SURVY O TH
STAE-O-TH-AR OF PTIIZAIONFinally the problem of ciesignirig minimum weight space trusses
TECHNOLOGY WITHIN NATO COUNTRIES tsaifsresaddeflecItio., constraints is examitned and it is
Ronali A Gelataly In AGAFID Second Symp on Structural shows that by using a fu.rthet extended apprii-male form of
Oplrmiatron Nov t973 20 o rats (For availability Seegoercpotonigolmm 'erysmyb eie
emti rgamn pimmýsqsmyb eie
N74 t5596 06 321
iteratively using only a fewy cycles of analysis anid iteration
The Working Group on Optimization crý the Structures and
Ato
Matferials Panel AGARD as part of its continuing activity
sponsored a survey of the slate-of the-anl in stirictuta optimizatio0n
end automated design tectinotoC,- within NATO countries TtI-- N74 16602 Royal A~rcraft Establishmenet Farri:rorough iEnglandi
results ot geetings held with repiesentativov of Italy. German, Struactures Dept
Holland Belgium France and Great Britain are presented alon-. THE OPTIMISATION OF STATIC4'LLY INDETERMINATE
with submittals from Denmark Norway Canada ant' Portugal STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF APPROXIMATE GEOMETRIC
A braie survey of the stat-l- fthe art in the United States is PROGRAMMING
also included Author A J Morris In A~jARD Second 5-- mp on Structural Optimization
Nov 1973 17 p ret; rFor avar ability see N474- 15596 06 32-
N74-159 Air Force Flight DyVnamics Lab. Wright.Patterson Airplrcitron of approxnimate geometi-c prcqrur:rmrng in the
AS8 Ohio Synthesis Group latwih e-i fsa-~ynuer, aei
APPLICATION OF OPTIMALITY CRITERIA APPROACHES described It is shown how. :he facility of standardl gycinyttri
TO AUTOMATED DESIGN OF LARGE PRACTICAL STRUC programming to crirlarir bounds on a min-mum weigfit design is
TURES preserved Thy advantIages of coupling geometric programming
V 8 Vdenkayva N S Khot and L Berke In AGARD S-econd With a modern pit. -ved gradient methodl arc also described
S- iiS-ttd
r urnnto o 13 f esFrNumerical examples. whimn are rise0 tnt illistrate tht- me~hcc
"anaratr&iit see N74 15596 06 32; involve up to two load condrt-ons wint active constraints or
A unified approach lot the derivat~on of optioraity criteria stresses and (tisotac~ements Author
for the design of optimum structures ;s presented The dnisign
conditions included requirements of generalized stiffness specifier] N74 15603' Middle East Tectirnical U-rn Ai~krar-Turkey-
displacements dynamic stiffness and stiffness tor general Stabitity APPLICATION OF DISCRIMINATE FUNCTION TECHNIQUE
Recursion rc:atrons for achieving the optimality c.ieteia are derived TO) RANDOM SEARCH
for alr these cases Bloth single and multiple stiffn-ess reizuiiements M 0 Kicirrian and MA Alkynet [i AGýARL Se~o-!d Syrup on
are considered The formulation considers isotropic arisoitropic Structural Optimization NOv !973 tO) p -ots iFor availabiliy
and layered composite structures Four categories of design see N714 15596 06 32i
euamoiles aie selected to illustrate the versatility of the method Statist~cat methods of discriit raIons were csed as jlec-sior
-he first group is designed fo, static loads With constraints on, mraking tool in riornlinear cnstrained optimization problems A
stiesses di-silacements and minimum stizs The second giot~fi linear Ji crimiriari Irirr*ioi foror is, proposinit as air aid tor the
of examnples is designed for dynamic loads with periodic lime prelimi- designe- It is assurnird that a design triotiler1. wilt:
depend(ence The third group consists of tanered coinpo,-t a larg. re of variables is iv~en al-I only a-i approurirrate
structurne; silitectyd to static loads The fourth group is conicerned answer lint1 wilt aid Vic decisioun maker is required The piissritroiy
with static slabrirtoeineouC eniC~s The irsults of nranv ust Ih-r ris
is d~si'si f )i in!ii;enn;rd4 cdt - 'ru. .: .. . rotorci
1
examples are comnpaired with irosy avaitatne ini the literainie design space r, Irearis of poolin .. tre vairairly Thre otr)nrn za
Autlho lion pircenue b~ased 3ii ,o-rlint-Ipoc of direct sean_'. ur-I
discrintiriant iunction rhetniodi was appli~ed to t ,rraif rest 1 irirburnr-i
N74 15600 Case SV~esleiri Reserv Univ Clevelanid OhioardtagrdesnpoflrTy rihsasites ttn

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CASE OPTIMIZATION dent loading sijrdntorir wilt, . unctwion rot rlrrc~le depirident
PROGRAM iii so-, of t'ie lJesrizr vandtfles Th iar 0I,- . ',U:,e flu, -iadi-
Pied Moses /,: AGARD Second! Syrnp on S!uctirat Optimizaiori .... i:i-u.r Inr filstrate the n nn jeteieinaltrt (Al ne. mnethod
Nun fY73 8 p, refs For avaiability see N474 t5596 06 12 ntcr
Three iotlimiaion firotitefi types, and respective sotuhnirins N 74 15604 tsr -nato it Etarrurazioii dell ntnroriazrhne P-.
are dei-ftiwly A tie atlvh ori ai~liroar:his used Ion! de~sign v! -IllalyI
etemneis sucih as welded giorders coiurnns rnirstiessed co- etc INTEGE'T, PROGRAMMING ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMUM
;9ams and simple gabled frames ssiiitr have rninifies lJesion STRIICTURAL DESIGN
Crde constrainols but relatively lev designr variables. the second A-ito Celia It, AGARD Seconid S~rrrp or, 5trir1ntirar 0nrrrtrzat-rr
c,- bltem we includies a modified Zrrutynirtk leashi~e rrirlrrNr- f9Y/3 14 p refs -For usala tr' stN4 " ;559b CS6 3?
i-.1third air- has treeri used frir strutuat irusteiri-istarr A raiiEe ntStntr-i-S Itesiri
ofiit itq,, li- ~iisirrr
sa:. Ai is Itiectiri stability anid flutter The tirrir publnie irte hy the lir i- lre9irsit nio eef rr h tisq ir~~tr
.. ,1,;,
ruIn- if;-rio v:rriantes rivolvirg 'I"e ierri dn aiai from Air enurneirtrtr set of .~isrrely -,alui- . Trip eysr-tlij riig l
niusts -id iri often tie iraritlenl h, - .am,, ; n oqiarn r-i- Tre spac~e has a Q-1n Wi-r patt,!.. Anrd an in---naie-nhn irlna'iia
irrfttnerrr,v of optirririr desinr n-i safer-, And reliah-ility rernaris a ni o-,ir.
e r.----ý: ý: ,cix-..^ -i-- :r- .ini
iri-rii.....-e- of research unit Inrders of rehatrility analysis Trorind atcrtriwaiti--ePl~r't I Ino I?)# PiIitual 'Acsi .1rI-
A-i-I ie-niare dissusseit Authoir large ,rass ot tiira-- .ii~i
.ii,....lnrtri iri-

.leeleirts Aird Sirtier (, Id sto ' 1i-'ii!.r.

-uer '-Iir t es
irs sSri-rtvtr
ia ml Cci "Isniv~irll7a rs

N74 15601 LvtintUris ifirglrrid. It-ipi 'If Cv-i Ebig-ye sn r-iI thnaiiii . tni. ii it% k roi ivri

.1 : -levis ...i f~-d- liar, i tn ii i In .itru tr s-n rt

Tire.
I--r ilin i .. Jrjiiirl
Iiu~~li-i- i-v'
STF4UCTUIIAL DESIGN APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRIC wtit
1
PROGF;AMMING apphlet 1i !1-
t1r, inTI Iisgi ata u tie ii ir-risiA ". tv-/
S K Wi ileifrlurlo /,, AG Al-l ,ecrIri..i stun. tire sir i. as [tiphein.inrerniP~el1Irt a tairl, si aif- 'a irre
A fTmrerrrarIf 0
o-rii (.)fr riria an 19i-rJ3
Nur yi f -' rs - i-r rdt- illrt~ lmie i
ITin 5i
a.a-ltnalilt e P474 i 0 $ý16 06 42r
32 ST RUCTURAL MECHANICS 297

N74- 15605 Porir~cnrl di Milano 4tlltay) De -tn of modern .,-,at feQiL Pt5 that ifiroelasill considera
SHA PE OPTIMIZATION USING MATHEMATICA4L PRO- tions be included a% eo vyas pobsible t0 avoid .rddition cl etces,ive
GRAMMING. AND MODELLING TECH4NIQUES wieight tor pfevenlic , of aeroeIast~c ristaboo-si' A conrtnutationat
Edmsond,, Vilrelto lIn AGARD Second Symp on Structural approach for mini num weight design of f~r.itsi critical i~n
Optiinnze.,nn an Nov 1973 11 p tels (Fo~r availability se surfaces is presv.nted which has generalit : the selection of
N74 15596 06 321 analysis meth,.ds and demonstrated aprrlicab~ity tor prfblems
Structural uptiivization of elastic models with design variables involcinga lirge number at design variables #A key feature or
decib nq their geometry is cionsidered The use of mathematical the mrtilo! is the calculation ot derivatives of thre flutter speed
prociromrliing tor 9practical design is shown in conntction with a with rreswect to design parametert These anolylic li,, derivvld
ProlPrPssive (quadratic) fitting o; fIr consircints in the space ot derivatr..es are compiuted in such a Way hat they are economical
design variables (modelling, Tr e method proves successful tor for )a-:te scale problem% The mathematical pogryavmming method
a few design vo.rrables and tor smooth variations of stresses whir-iutrI.I.es tho e derivatives is h~ased cii. tfrr method of feasible
and load with thre design variables However it seems to make directions viitfi a simpler, algorithmion s,olve a linearized direction
feasible the usq of optimizuation to' practical design in some finding problem Results ale presented which Show that the
tields where eartier uoirliraizaSo methods implied very heavy method can eftficiently reduce Itra sifuclu~al weight of :thing
calculations Apoticatorns to fire Opt~itmrum lesgo- of gravity dams %u.'ace desrqr.v involving at least 99 design variables Author
considering both thei static (finite elerir nz anal;'SrsI and
dynamic lsercrnrcl behavior is presented Author N74 15610 Bell Aerospace Co Bufflalo N 'r Sruciufal Sysrte is
Dept
N741ISGM Cranfreld inst of Technology lEng;andl Wit Of MeINIMUM WEIGHT DESIGN OF SU RFACE EFFECr
Aeronrautics VIHICLES USING THE SIEVE SEARCH TECHNIQUE
THE DESIGN OF COMPAT11BLE STRUCTUPES Jame-, R Batl and Honald A Gellatly /,- AGARD Second
0 IM Richards Ini AGARO Second Syrnp aon Structural Symp on Structuial Oplimizazton Nov~ 1973 '4 p refs -ýor
0otrimratro Nov 1973 13 p refs (For avarlabilily see acarlbitits see N74 ISS96 OF, 32-
N7,4 15596 06 321 !Contfract MA 46871
A format 'i~i thre economical description of complex structures Past and preel methods to; thi' opt'. .izatron of structural!
tor design Purpose,, .5 introduced SuitI-cint conditionis under svsterns for 'rinrmrirn weight use mathematical progiamming o0
Whic~i a redundant configuration may be tu!I,, stressito are numerical stiraih lechrrigues This o~rl':.edurc has lead to an
formulated These conditions aie -rs~d to determine a wide range -rtiac'able srtrratior' wfreretiv large cnmptirter costs and matheyrat-
,:if S,1.j;e *e A;..:h 1%;;brL i S-o"'e cejiarm-! cal
Aonrwoewr- ai ses- N11
poe eco rrr'a and more flexible
or seaur 'it -- redesign trajector~es are dlescribect ur.rr the p ocecjurei fIi..'itural 01-ti'uil'On of la~rge s ,IlP syslenl'. ha~ve
form at Author therefore treeni souttit A now approachr ý,c determine the iroiriuir
,r~erght of surh SvSterr'; h~r. t-elr revetopi-d and is labeled0 the

sieve search trrchnrriue I-' peitddimanrri of oPt.mrzafion slul(.ie%

N74-1t5607 Cornell Univ Ithaca N Y Dept of Struictural using 1his techirirue thre qci~r,ido p~hilosojphy was to generate an
Engineinring oporiaf ar~ancleinent of preoptImued components An essential
OPTIMIZATION OF STIFFENED PANELS element of Iý,: ~erhniqtue
is irec use oft data banks which cor-tai
R H Gallagher arid N E Falby In AGARO Second Synip on min-uirS eightr and issociaiti-i ,prinptnf,-i(he structural
Structural Optimilatroer Nov 1973 14 p nefs fFor availability ýomponent: These Irarihs are qrneiltect risirct cla!si( at methods
see N74 15596 06 32 of opt-moatroii An- dilditronai facet of the trrisiiiijiiy is the Luse
A pirograni -S described for the structural opt-milrdtioi of of simolitied enctiiiiie.nLI anal,,%is rireirodi mu.i 'n' the reavsrr3'
longitudinally stiffened Plates loaded in compress-on Ttre rchase of thre opvtinrzajroi cyrcle ALrior
comprlexity of the problem is reduced significantly oy explioiting
the understanding of the in'itial bucklrrrq and paStbuckling behavio, N74-1561 1' NatiDonal Aeionutic-rlr ar'1. SpaceAinrnSato
of these panels in ordei to reifuce ,he number of inequarity jangle-, Researf.t Center Lunqlvy Szation Va
constraint conditiois An interior penalty function technrique is AUTOMATED SIZING OF LAFIrE STRUCTURES By MIXED
combined with an unconstrainedl ontimization algortitm to DroAduce OPTIMIZAT14UN ME fI'ODS
an efficient optimizationr progrfam Resiults generared by he Jamslaw Sobreszrz-,rkr ant) Oavi Loenflod iArr Air `vil~~l-tY
program are compaered with relevant dlata from design charls R and 0 Lab i hIt AGA.iD Secondi Syrup On St'u. 1.io
Autf'or Opt mizatir.- Nov 1973 12 1, rels (Foi avarlatrirtir see
N74 15S9r6 06 3?,
A procedure for automating the stinq of wving 'ci eige
N74 15608 Technicai Univ of !1eimark !yngby Dept of air~frameswa% dyvelrinivi and rimitlemented in the fvi- I, all
ioperationtal oWi. lair The orodtrarn combines ftirly sz1'y~syd te-igr
SOlid Mechanics 1 eemn t vrl aeilr~j,,.~nwt asst-Llt
OPTIMAL JOINT POSITIONS FOR SPACE TRUSSES nOerl itrilirtirrrnwt assiritt W0atiruu
Paul. Pedeisen Il AGAR 0 Sjcorild Symp on Structural and mathernat~al proclr rmin-I 'tretiods to 1""IiLn Sitructr
Optr'atron Nov 0l~3 14 p rot trot a1varfblrtiy see N74 1 5596 detainsacoreuni,
r ni,,r realist'. -,'r'i driritraivir TryoArs'
06 32l.
Ar, iterative procedure is presenied for rdeteimining the joint iricraf co'iqrto h5I's i rrr..ýi ofcPn1 iei
stierygr
positions _oiresf:ondtrq Icr a mu, mum~i mass space Itruss o fie anp[,ah~tle 1c other large irut ~rrcr P5.rlr Author

DSojrs eiareneni corisirlints rn- nor nciris'aiit struss (0r.St'81tsPru Errjai1M.%a

c onsvec:ulii a large nu-trier or d-f-ereirt %Svjtr" o! !or,,s The A ,iA-; D.,

itr~~ninlnifsa sequerre of linear trgiuigProblems OPTtMIlSATfI)N OF AIRCRAFT STR UCI drES WiITH4
nSPA1
ova irmilsi arid for ear'n of IheSit tirohitms Only MULTIPLE STIFrNESS REGUIREMAENTS
the nearl)y consra~nts are contsidered Anaiytr~ai eutiress-uri 4-t C T_~ . ,-: ! < ':! -Ai' r ,' i r ,.S.'i
grver. for the Liialuit descihrirrJ the r-ear P14ir~ Otii
Nrruau urauro''06 32 . j1 1 rS'ir ~~a-li
N74- 15609 sztanfi... ifu alif DetoAriiair n trrin limrlict. .C"' -tn i. n iO

APPLICATION OF A GENERAL AETHOD ORFUTh st "ite-I')irt -In -crr~ 0.14i-i

rliri eS']r'rr-it'w i~ ir
OPTIK4IZATION lei
Muridd.,i air. irrin
") Illl, , i'' 'Sr
Rt F Taylor 'AF F h. ard L B Ai iii jrCrAMD $ilciniin j h1r
M..it.r.n.. . i4 rr' qin ,!%ir'
.i' a, r ii i i
rio
1Sr1mr St-tua dpimat in hr 19/13 14 p) refs 'Forr-r~ir.Si i~.ii.rr.ni rdi i i i.ii i e ~
aveilrlit see N ?4 ;b 'Is f 3.'. Pv tiiiii l
'.,:o areiienniir . iri, lr1n, l -f- 0. qrn
Goniactls F 33615 7il, C. 128? F 3161S 72 i, 127 7'weeSr1n'ipctir.vi rl 1 le .. i .iri'
 298 32 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

conditions or vr1 are vibration frecuecicy or 00 oelastic effir-renc weight design. assumed to be fully stressed of a tasnker web
eqtiu,ments Pre stipulated A useful iature of the imett-A frame. using -,he stress ratio method Satisfactore convergencea
when userd in conjuncterrn with autnmated design procedures. is wasureached efier 2 secondary iterations whereas by standard
That the orrimnization can onerdte wit heat structure vaere~es calculations 8 to 10 would have normal~y been requirirdl Author
and conht~arnts so that there is no ;ubseouent design o~leration
'egr red to convert idealised structure d mens ans to feasible N74-16S16 Technrsche Ifochscnule Aachen (West Germany)
do atrssires Several examplea a e quoted to show That very Inst fuer Lenchtbau
favorable results and computing times are obtainable for HOMOLOGOUS DEFORMATION OF STIFFENED SHELLS
demonstration problems The ability to handle major structural FOR RADI3 TELESCOPE STRUCTURES
optimiratiofl is also illustrated by applications to actual airrirames J F Kowalewsk, and H A Ziebarsti In AGARD Second Symp
structures Author on Structural Opt-nization Nov 1973 13 p refs (For availability
see N74 15596 06 32)
Gruman Cop
N741613eropac Betipge.N ~In 4dio telescopes all surface elements have to reflect
*Structural Mechanics Section incoming radio waves to a defined focus ie the surface should
APPLICATION Of A DESIGN ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO A be an exact paraboloid As a telescope has to be tilted elastic
*SPACE SHUTTLE PRELIMINARY DESIGN c3l deformations clit.Sed by rotating the telescope about a horizontal
W Lansing. P Mason. W Dwyer and J C Cooper In AGAFID axis are rivitable But these defo~rnatrons should be homologous
Second Symp on Structural Optimizationt Nov 1973 14 p ia should change only the position of the focus the focal
efls IFor availability see N74- 15S96 06 321 length and the axis of the paraboloid The repo't deals with the
In a broad sense interdisciplinary design analysis systems homology conditons for the displacernen~s and the rotations of
are optimization tools Afwhich the specialized computer programs the tangents of the surface 3nd the change of the parameters
*which resize structures of fixed topology are merely a pait This of the paraboloid It is shown hoe. to find the optimum design
inter relationship is portrayed by describing briefly the lnregrrjted of a reflector shell, which ýomplres with these homology
Design Analysis Ss ern (IDEAS) and showing how its Automated conditions Author
Structural Optirrriz.,t~on Program rASOPI is incorporated vinthin
*the basic system Application to ?i prelinminary design of the N74-15617 Technrsche Univ Berlin (West Germanyi Inst of
sPese shuttle is jresented and ways in which ASOP is being Aeronautics and Astroinautics
improved are Oiscussed Author OPTIMIZATION OF THE LAYOUT OF TRUSSES COMBINING
STRATEGIES BASED ON MICHELL'S THEOREM AND ON
THE SWOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF EVOLUTION
'474 15614 Messe~sCh-r.¶ 00!iknw Rlnhm G m b H Hamburg A Hoefter U Leysser and J Wredeman Ini AGARD Second
(West Garnirany, Stress Dept Syrnp on Struc.,ural Optinrizitiori Nov 1973 8 p ites if-or
OPTIMIZATION AND DESIGN OF THE REAR FUSELAGE availaitmy sei N74 15596 06 32)
Of THE A 300 6 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE c02 A method developed for finding the uolilituir la~out of plane
0 Schulz In AGARO Second Symp~ on Structural Optimization trustes is reviewed Both strategies employed a'e lescribed in
Nov 1973 15 p re's l~or availability see N74. 15596 06--41 sortie detail giving specical attention to ithe probler of selecting
A method is described for the automatically conaiolled the proper set of porfts at the beginning of the optimization
calculation Of a skin stironger structure The method was process An examprle 01 the application Of the evolurror strategy
programmed and applied for the first time toi the development is given Whir i both si aregres are combined. having esi h one
of the Aritus A 300 8 The methodj ccn be considered as a perform the unction iii the optimization process it is best suited
link ini a process cha~n the target of which is the overall for their s~pi,-cfic di,.adv:..itagas tart be eliminated Thus an initial
development of aircraft structures It staris with the calculationi design is fo--rd usirnj linear programming vihrle the evolution
of statically indeterminate forces and ends up with the statical strategy is used to find better positions of the joints This
streng)th analysis Input and output data fo0' he calculations of constitutes one cycie orf optimization Moie cycles -11l follow if
statically indeterminate forces are used as input data for structuet the 1mprOV90 Positrons of the joints req~uire a change in the set
dimensioning or stre'igth analysis program The Structure of the Optim~m bars li-.e problem of a cantilever truss ioaded
dimen'. oninij program ite~ativly moll lies the orig~nally defined at the tip is solved usinrj thre comibined strategies The optimum
*wall thicknesses so mnat thir risee tactors ie..d100cveC'. ;'.ýrcuc~e !oý ih:- cese t-e-I xirirwn a iruiioariso.r is made shiowing
failure under tensile, compression and shear loads are reached the efficiency of the meth d Author
ofronly slightly exceeded in alr crrt~cai load cases Th3 originally
defir-ed structural concept istfringer and frame i,oacinig as well
i.. noat changed in this case Final dimensioning
a's stringer shapes) N74-196S0e Advisory G: 'up for Aerospace Research arid
is infuenced by manufacturing considerations On completion of Development Parirs 'Fiancei
the dimnensioning work the dimensions are lard down and the ACOUSTIC FATIGUE DESI ',N DATA. PART 3
strength analyst-- is carried nut -i ý single computer rim The A G A Tho-snisir ng Sri )aia Unit Ltd 1 arid R F Lanroert
flow of the progiarr is demonstrated in the exampl.. o: !he 4f-1 Sc' Ciala Unit Ltd.- Die 1973 62 v 'els
A~rbus A 300 0 rear fuselage Author rAGARDOograph 162 Fit 3 AG, RD AG '62 Pi 3' Asd.l ifilS
1-C $G025
.he design criteria tt nrrsriurt-ai clemrttoidc
1104-1156115 Chantre'vdie I Allantidui Saint Nazarre (France, the ettocts 0f -iusl-t Iarig,i-, ,e iiiid The SuliIeCt5
THE DOUBLE ITERATION METHOD IN STRUC1UP.4L presented are -1erduranur)ff trta-U"' ai'd I'ta:'-Uin alloy
OPTIMIZATION slrricutual ele~rnerric sulileirod t') iriulated d,-isti.r_ ii~og 121
Daniel H Frih~te' In , GARD Se~ond Sympr or. Structural c2anpinig i., aco-jsinraliy Ciyd sIr. ILre. -3' relertn, mii- irjreiiiy
4
Opt renzetior' Nov 1373 10 L, refs -or ev~aaiwlanci see of panel with flexible 5! 'ionerS c 1: , estirraron ul s-,es% -ii
N74 115590i 06 32) skir. panels -1h ileribti %illeiieis -! jecteit To andori oii'ii.'
*Aost structural oplrririzaticrn Inicce~sss rag-jire a large nurmber loadingAito
~
0 111it(-RIsKiuns IiV 1- ,, koI .. 6 ; ; 7.ý ,t i' t' p e I -I ýis 11.
Itress analysis of the current design Con-siderin Ihiet a groiss
irralysis is cumpa'atively ve-, ecoinnmical it i', cssrble ti per'orrn
'cost -erations on a smll)r-esh v.ith nrtiy or caviccal -
'eied analyses !"rIcr S ithy mn-siocelrrig effects Alttrrtuwij'
th , Oitill ,iumyior of stept -"lerred to as primiary Iteatwo..
necessary to achieve the oplitmur' is ther. highei than by
-onventronal vrocpfiries only 0-is' involving a detailed anslysis
or secondary iteretionrs arm sigjnifrcarnt linewise That double
iteration scheme was !mn'1ovPe in filxlerrnininrj the minimuim
VII I IODYNII IS
AND CO ..USTION 299
to very comnppt exchangers, is reviewed Data are prebonted on
33 THERMODYNAMICS ANU tIre heat transfer and friction beahvior of a number of wary
Author
COB S INcompact surfaces

Includes. ablation cooling, heating, heat transfer, thermal N2191 'rpa tmcEeg omnt.I~r fay
belance, and other thermal effects- and combustion theory N2199 ~rpo
tmcEeg omnt.Ipr ay
se iforatio
Foe elaed alo 12Flud Mehancs.Technology Div
For 27e informalatin"nas 2Fliaecais HEAT EXCHANGE AND HEAT EXCHANGERS WITH LIOUP)
and 7 PrpailantsMETALS
R Nigaing In AGARD Heat Exchangers Jan 1972 61 p rats
(See N72 18946 09-33)
Avail NTIS
N7`1-26358# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Forced convection, liquid metal heat transfer is discussed
Development. Paris (France) The physical principles underlying single phase, liquid metal heat
THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID MATERIALS: transfer theory is outlined and .he significant developmenits of
COOPERATIVE THERMAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENTS the past decade are described Flow and heat transfer aspects
UPTO01000 C PROJECT SECTION 1A ass1ciated with uniform channels (tubes. poririel plates. annufi0
E FiterrasMr 191
65p ar consioerert first This provides the ground fot a basic
E ilterOMar.1971 AvaipNTIS discussion of flow and heat transfer in rod bundle geometries
IAGAD-AR31-1)
Aail TISand of topics of engineering interest including thermal design of
Pushirod dilatometer measurements to 1000 C as carried liquid metal cooled nuclear fuel rod assemblies anld thermal
out by employing samples having !he Same history were evaluated analysis of liquid metal heLt eichangers Emphasis throughout is
both statistically and with regard to the natture of the errors )n a basic approach In theoretical considerations penict-lar
involved U-rng high purity gjold and Platinum as selected reference attention is paid to turbulent transport cha-acteristica in the
materias, it reas found thai the relative pushrod dilatometver coolant and to the methodology underlying heat transfer
measurements when used in a groo,ý effort can yisi.an accuracy computation procedures Aithor
equal r-ý that obtained by :ndividual absolute measurements This
result was confirmed with engineering materialssuch as an erastnirlic
alloy, a Ta/tO W alloy. aintered soumninsand finegrain graphite* N72-18949# National Engineering Lab East Vilbride ScotllAnd)
Author INDUSTRIAL HEAT EXCHANGERS
nl Chisrnilm W Drummond B~ab-cock and Wilcoxi Lid Londonl.
and I Murray Int AGARD Heat Eschangers Jan 1372 9 p
1
N72- 29&04 Advisory Grcup for Aerospace Research and rats (See N72-18946 09.33)
Development. Pairis IFrancel Propulsion and Energetics Panel Avail NIIS
HEAT TRANSFER IN ROCKET ENGiINES Various types of heat eschangers used in the process
H Ziebland lEsplosives Fies and Deverop Estab) enOd R C industrires are considerece Specifically the design of :he kctowing
Parkinson (Rocl~et Propuljion Estab) Sep 197. 160 po refs heat exchangers are discussed shetllandltube heat exichangers.
JAGARD-AG',AE-71. AGARDograph 1481, Avail NTIS condensers, evaporators arri reboilers. plate heat ex-harrgers. air
Basic heat trarister processes are considered simple coolers, cooling towers, evaporative coolers, and direct contact
convective heat transfer from hot gases to the engine walls heat exichangers Author
under various conditions, radiation heal transfer and cooiant
heat transfer processes Me~hods of cooling used in liquid
propellant rocket engines, such as regenerative fitni ablation
and radiation cooling are discussed The rr-operties of materiais N72-249E.9if Advisory Group for Aerospace, Research and
that must be known by the engine designer from the transportI Development. Paris iFrance)
*-iroperties, of the hot combust ion gases to those of the materials ABLATION
from which the enqine will be constructed Emphasis was placed H Hurwvicz. K M Kratsch. J E Rogan. andt R E Vijso'i. ad.
on presenting simple metrhods ior c. -cuiat-y th ..agn~tidEi CA INOL White Oak Mdl Mar 1972 55 nri rrr
heat tiansfer Author (AGARO.AG 161) Avail NTIS HC $4 75
Physico-man;thernatical approaches to analysis of ablation
processes are brought out. rcnging from a simplistic heat of
ablation voncept to the sophisticatod anal~s.ý of laminar and
N72.d94# Avisry
GoupforAerspac Rearc an tubulent lo nonequrlibrium &blation in :;hem:cally reacting
DMvelop9ent Pdinsor Grupfrrancec Rsarh n fluow fieldis, including surface reactions, and radiative heat
HEAT EXCHANGERS transfer Emphasis is given to the synergist c mechanisms
Jean.J
Ja 192inos.
9 pd etsoccurring during ablation Exramples of nosetip interactoin winh
JoanJGARDLS.5 AailJnTIS 9 rf the aero thermodynamic environment at the tiurlace and at
(AGAD-LS57) vailNTISdepth are given and Striation) phenomenia on the afterbody are
Problems assoc~atsd with the design, resting arid use of discussed Material property and environmental effects on material
heat exchangurs are discussed with respect to compact heat performance are also reviewed, as well as the test simr.ulation
exchangebrs used in turbine iegeineiatoiS and aerospace vehicles, requirements Requirements for further studies (if mechanica;
heat exnchangars in the process and power industries, and heat erosion other synergistic effects and extension of facilities range
exchangers with liquid metals For individual I fles. Sec N 72 1894 7 of performance are also noted Author
through N72 18949

PY72 18947# Stanfordl Univ . Calif

COMPAC, HEAT EXCHANGERS N72-249604 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research end
Williarm M Kays In AGARO Heat Ilhchanyeis Jan 1972 Uevelopment. Parirs terancer
22 p rots (See 1472 1B946 09 33l THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID MATERIALS
Avail NTIS PROJECT SECiION lid THERMAL EXPANSION
Tte design and application of heat exchangers employing MEASUREMENTS FROM 1000 C TO 2600 C
sur~ace arranoements having the characteristics of very large E Fitzer Feb 1972 f60 p refs
arr,-unts of surface heat tie isfer area Per unit of volume are IAGARD-ARA38 Avail NTIS HC 5500
conisidered Rrelvtiontinips between the friction pow~er expaended The thermal expansion biehavlir of selectedf materials above
and tn@he ral tIarislered are explored and methods of improving 1000 C was leteafmined experimsntaily Pirie rilatinumn sintered
t6he Derfcriri ance of hoat exchanger surfaces are investigated A1203 sintereci and arc cast tungsten Ta. tOWv alloy. and three
Heat exci,.ri 1 1 e. levign theory, to the extent rh~t it is applicable types of polycrystaflire graphites iAXM 50. HVD AAO tI. each
 300 33 THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION

from the s"me original stock. wire used as sample materials

echiqus. uchas twit, microscopic
Se~rl epermenal

appiedAllexprientl rsuls w-aanalyzed for tepossible

erro ndcss".onclsios wee dvwnwith respect to the
xperentl Jla olatvel bythe different methods.
accuacyof
as 91thasfositailty f hesampte mtrasf such
measurements Author

Advisory Gr',up for Aerospace Research and

4
N73-209 5#
Development. Paris iFrdnco;
HEAT-TRANSFER ME14SUREMAENTS lIN SH~OF.T.DURATION
HyPERSONIC FACILiTIES
o L Schultz (0.,foaid Jniv I and T V. Jones (Oxford Univ ) Fab
1973 155 p refs
1
(AGARD-Ai3- fi1. AGARDograph-1165) Avail NYIS ;4C 5975
The t~chniquss tar making Ineasurements of heat transfer
*in sho I d-imaton and rapidly varying flows are reviewed Methods
*dtac-,saed include gauges operating on ilie semi-infinite principle.
measure-
Cato met If g&iuges. pyroelecttic heat transfer gauges.
ment s'.&dial vs heal transfer. and optial methods The error
*in deduced heat t. Znsfer rate arising from a surface tempera~ture
discontinluity due to the 1 ..-sence of an isolated heat FOaSfe
gauge is also dlsrussed F0

N73-259"# Ad-isory Group for Aerc.iusce Feosaaich ani

Developme-!. Paris (Fraricei
THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLImC MATERIALS.
PROJECT SECTION 2: COOPERATIVE MEAGUREMiNTS
ON HEAT TRANsPoTIT PHENOMENA OF SOiLID MATE14tI
ALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
E Fitzer (Kcrlsruhe Univ. Was! Gz;rna-iy) Mar 1973 t113 p
refs
(AGARD-R-606. AGARD-606i Avail NTIS HC $7 75
Measurements of heal transfer ,operiies of sclid materials
at high temperatures are discussed The range between 1.000 C
and 3.000 C is examined It asstated that exact information on
the thermophysical propenrtes of materials and on the tempera-
ture dependence must be considerazi as a precondition for Ina

calculation of the behavior of structural elements dtring aervice.

especially with respect to tran~iont heating and cooling Mathemnat-

scal models are provided to quantify the heat loss cfharacteristics
Speific malarials are analyzed to determine their thermodynamic

properties Author
 *34 GENERAL 301

GENE
AL P71-23504'p National Aeronautics and Space Administration
34 G N R LWashington 0 C
USER NEEDS
Includes information of a brond nature related to industrial John F Stlearns in AGARO Sci and Tecin Inform Feb 1971
applicationis and technology, and to basic research. defeinse 6 p (See N?111-23501 i12-34)
aspects, information retrieval. mariapemaent. fs* and iNASA-TM X-67142) Avan, NDiS CSCL 05B
selated legal matters, and legislative hearings end docu-TeQeto fue ed searndIotrevepit
mentswhat has been and ia being done to determine actual user needs
the kinds of services now evolving to satisfy these needs and
N71-3509
GrupAdisoy
or erosaceReserchandpossible further steps to irrirove ba-th detinition and satisfaction of
Development Padviso(ry rupfr eopaeReerc n these needs Attention is given to gEneral areas ot bibliographic
FCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION: WHY, serviens and to specific opportunlities ir~neren! iii these services (Or
WHICH. WHERE, AND HOW ? Lecture Sellers 'he applicetion of techniques anrd pioceduires that mar- provide
Feb 1971 65 p refs ConI Presented in Oslo 2 3 Nov 1970, potential users wirth easier access to a w~ider range of iritormatiin at
sponso-ed by the Tech Inform Panel and the Consultant and al'ernatrves Ato
Exchange Programme of AGARD Also Presented in Acme. 5 6
Nov 1970
Nil -23505s Natroria! Aerfospace Lab, Amsterdam - Netire~lanr
'AGARD-LS-44? Avail NTIS SOURCES OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
INFORNMATION
CONTENTS H A Stalk In" AGARD Sci and Tech Inform Feb 197,1 13 p
1 INTRODUcTORY PAPER iI A StrirK (Nat) Aerospace rels (Se, N71123501 t234
1ab Amsterdar.-. Netherlands) 3 p refs iSee N71-'23502 Avail INTIS
4
t2 3 i Attention is paid to tne inforr-ratioru Cn.v'ufmei~t tire
2 WHAT CAN4 INFORMATION DO FOR YOUT A M information explosion and the user and hrc ben)asro- Informal
iionsidle (Defence Sci inform Serv Oztawa. Ontario) 7 p refn cinannelv ano formal services fu,' obtaining inforiialirir are d-scussert
:See N7 -23503 12.34!- A Short description is also qsen of tire p;oLenrs 'n i;lo'natico'
I USER NEEDS i F utearns (NASA Washington retrieval Author
DCi GOp S~eeN71-23504 12AL4
0
4 SOURCES OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL
iNrUHMT2AiiijN H A Sor1K 1iral Aerusijave Lab,. A-irte-daii-. Nil 23506 i, *.. o,'- ir-i-'- lrrrini rrlid
Netir 13 p refsýSee Nil -23505 121-34) Herroit- I.@rtrc to, $cier if.jw ie, li-ircloor,
5 SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION A
A SYSTEM REVIEW' S C Schurer Nfm of lechnol. Orpington. SYSTEM REVIEWV
Eng) t 22 p refn (Sec;Nil 23506 i22051 S C Schufro -v AGARD Sc- ,.i TirCirIinftir Fhtý 197,
* 6 CONCEPT. MISSION. AND OPERATION OF SCIENTIFIC 22 p mfs 'Se" N7Il 23D01 12 341
AND TECHNiCAL INJFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTRS G 5 CopyriqirtAvail INTIS
S-moson Jr and J W Murdack rbattehie Memn Inst Cojumpias Selrcl-c'ly is ain, ('iilI-.tmy the Irarisfe' of irforiralmori
Ohio, 14 p 'See Ni71-23507 12-34) .- d~ tire Selective 0¼ r.-i',im r.i"').. sIlrfhririato,o' -SDI: " a lectinirtjic

N711-23502a National Aerospace Lab Amsterdam rNetherlandsl f)aiT~ r~'. rini; K

min')r or fi', -:--icall, ii?'is to the..
INTRODUCTORY PAPER F.lir 'srrr 'sl~!if'~r~i triiil .a~ie'dI'
HA Stalk Ir AGR Sc. and Tech ....- n Feb,.I 1971 3ilr ~ i;i- nu ntr- oi.a' si~r r fi tot d1K/il
refs iSee N71-23501
2 3
1 - 4r ~ iet-~:,jhw I;-,[i ii-rs rfl

*Avail NTIS leSI Ti. li h c ot ,te

*
5
along mt h sabtects to be '-ered in,the cur~rent series In Isi~s ~ecture if . 1 -jjr ! 1pm .1 i~r A11ý de-.-;va !ri.i51 ofs
*series the product consedered wvas the technological information - jv,
ILthat eAnins in the form of printed maids graphs tables. pictures 'uin'mrl'd'. -s'sU.:.ca. I-vl:'; ,r2-ttAmerica
etc
specificatians and means by which this information can be aiid Esnrcii~edir~ jisvs.-- i u' r1irititri lynni age
arid nirr i %y.,;,:iiN ii ro : i, - o"fiii Octizir aI -t' 5uv-11
transferredAlso discussed in the introductory speech 5is te Iransier
of technology and its manaegement A L "dmyrr''ii5.-- "r '.---lmir-no idrs

Nil '23803a Detence Scientiic'(o r-U~naticr Sei-.-ce 01e,*ifri.',s-.ssrrsai!mri":m-'o

-r.s -es iI
I-: i~ir,'
rOntaa Il-IlsIi.il - !s.risi
WHAT CAN INFORMATION DO FOR YOU
Alice M lionside In AGARD 3cr and Tech Infos;- Feb t1971
7 p rc's iSee N7il-23501 123!N71-23607-a Battere. Men-no -a'is ".- 'iih.-i
Avai) NTIS CONCEPT. MISSION. AND OPERATinN4 OF SCIENTIFIC
A phiiosophicel non-technica' a~pproach is us-d to dern',nstsatr AND TECHNICAL INFORMAT ION ANALYSIS CENTERS' 9
that information is both an inherint part of life aid a piart of it- (G S Sinp-prti Jr ani' J V, '.'%ri'tvsk ' r'r~l Sc. a iI 1Tr,,
fabric of lirving and that information is being ipresented to rile Inform Feb 1971 14 o -'re Nr 235,,; *2-3.1
1
-n. i.nn.islv
- ... hn- hiso. life lb, his. o-n verses fr- Avail 4TIS
¶ their people and bj the varioujs riedia of communical-o-i Also intormation Anal--vs Centets -IA-. sa-n
that this information may be unheeded a' teeded -rd sluc)re - parts cnncept in'ss.onri and urpe-er-on 5.mo'rm
ohis memo'-, wr may be stored in suitable forms t-';.pc :n ar'sa1 existing scientfic ai'd lecrnnical a_rv.ura..-
electronic cand o'hir nieanS Once sto'red. i ti a e late.' c.'. Ie cn.etalrba'j - fci-'5e:-i 'I-e ic
and applied toan-iapspropimate purpose !nlori-,aytmis s-icmavs- . cots o- AC s I-e peesa.ncovsi icra.i-:
beinga recognized as a pri me resoairce. arid rueý orciie' A relatestO oither rnfoi'na lio se-'ac-'s a-J-is
'I,. f.ia-'"a a rn

j nami airhng the store of :fiis 'es-Juice and of1.[its vA'a't :-r "m - ~ he nlissron of an IAC is cp-iee in I'm i )~t"! 04 sý .is,- or
treing recognized and solutions souight orin peer group how unpublished ntormatoro is snla-ned ini' used
302 34 GENERAL

how feedback helps the IAC achieve its mission Two Visual search behavior is characterized by brief glimpses of
non-government supported IAC are described along with one the terrain. *eWorsted by rapid eye movements, or saccade,
government center Also considered are operational aspects The likelihood of looking at a target with any particular glimpse
tadministration and management) of an IAC Based on close contact is, in most models of search behavior, assumed to result from
with over a dozen operating IAC s actual experiences pertaining either random motion or a mechanically systematic search
to the recruitment and utilization of competent research scientists pattern. In the present study, it is assumed that the observer
and engineers in .ntormation; .a~ysrs work advantages of working Uses eitia-foveal vision to evaluate the terrain before each saccaoe.
and ngiewsin
ira~yis
normtio,
ork dvatags ofworingto maximize the likelihood of looking at the target Quantitative
in an IAC environment, key problems in day-to-day operation, and ta
data oextr-veal
on extra-reveal search, ainein in
search. obobirainel n aa different
dheret ontet
context by
by
the ever present problem of mnnney are discussed Author Williams. show that such behavior is lawful and predirtahi.
The results are here applied to dynamic air-to-ground
yielding target acquisition predictions which compare favorably
N71-36382# Adviory Group for Aerospece Research and with those obtained by other methods Author
Development. Paris lFrance) Structures and Materials Penal
DIRECTORY OF ORGANIZATIONS. INVESTIGATORS. N73-19961 British Aircraft Corp (Operating) Ltd. Bristol
AND PROGRAMS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION (England) Guided Weapons Div
RESEARCH MODELING OF RANDOM HUMAN VISUAL SEARCH
Aug. 1971 26 p PERFORMANCE SBSED ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(AGARD-R-586-71) Avail NTIS OF THE EYE
Organizations are listed together with investigators and Ian Overington In AGARO Air to Ground Target Acquisition
spicific research areas in the field of high temperature corrosion Nov 1972 12 p refs (For availability see N73-19959 10-34)
The Iet includes 178 organizations from eleven NATO countries The physical properties lf the eye lens and retina together
end Spain. A category index indicates the aree in which the with the involuntary eaix movements (tremor and drilt) are
various organizations are conducting research Two areas considered as the basic factors defining single glimpse detection
receiving the most artention are material behavior under probability Introduction o0 the concept of convolution of object
corroseon and reaction kinesca and diffusion processes Author profiles with the spread ft-,Cton Cf the eye Iens which allows
extension of such single glimpse predictions to unshar!) objects
is discussed along with the effects of atmospheric attenuation
N73-15968* Advisury Group for Aerospace Research and and range dependency of subtended size Using this comprehen-
Development. Paris lFrance) snve formula for single glimpse probability as ar, input a cumulative
THE VON KARMAN LECTURE LESSONS LEARNED AND search probability model is developed (or random search which
FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF takes account of search field of view. visual lobe effects and
TECHNICAL PROGRAMS the transitiun rum b.illle g;,,ripse tI niu;Ip;a glimp-qse Sltualior
Robert C Seamans Sep 1972 36 p Leclure held at Bruss•els. at any part of the field of view Author
28 Sep 197.-
Avail NTIS HCS400 N73 "9962 British Aircraft Corp. (Operating) Ltd Bristol
are briellyin iewiewct
P OD.Advances technologyThemanagenont learned
NASA programs at NASA
rnvolved and
teudoac.k N73 -9962 Guided
(England) BritisW~eapons
Araft Div Cri
THE K FACTOR IN AIR-TO-GROUND ACQUISITION
from the customer, accurate assessment and cor.t'ui tisini detared MODELLING
schedules of tasks and costs and a three way balance bet' ian 0 G Silvurthorn in AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition
performance, schedule and inmi The defense rranageneiet auded Nov lt72 14 p refs (For a- alability see N73-199:9 10-34)
the condition that new system, mi-st also be produced a-:d This paper illustrates that correspondence obtained between
operated in large numbers lluslrai,:,ns are givn using ma;(Pr the nhapo- qI Ina probabi-range curves is good both for fagld
now Reapion, a-tcraft systems Competitive protolywing and future I; " simulated field detection c.ata. but
directions in milrtaiy programs are dSCrlibed alonC w:th the leveis are mu.,h lower than predicted Athat actual performance
degradation factor ithe
application of aerospace technology to ;ivil needs It is concluded K fnctor) has been introduced to cover this discrepancy and a
that NATO countries must look for better ways to provide eflectiv,. similar fudge factor has been invoked to cover differences between
defense forces and meet growing civil reeds Improved technology simultted and direct field trial data The paper examines the
management is or critical imporlance and proptotype proirams fartrt on which K ii dependent and describes relevant
must be carefully selected with a minimum of duplication Papers
on the challenge fac ng NATO the future of defense cooperation experiments and the associated attempts al modelling them It
among NATO nations and technical cooperation among NATO is at once a progress statement ard an indication of the necessary
NEN further studio: Author
nations are appended

N i73-19963 Nottingham Univ (England) D,-pt of Psychology

N73-19969# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and CALCULATION AND SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT3 OF
Development. Paris (France) TWO COMPLEX 8EAR.H SITUATIONS
AIR 10 GROUND TARGET ACQUISITION C I Howarth. J R Blromfield. and M E Dewey In AGARD
Nov 1972 170 p refs Presented at AGARD Aerospace Med Air to Ground Target Jcquisifion Nov 1972 12 p refs (For
Panel Specialist Meeting. trussels. Belgium. 31 May - 1 Jun availability see N73-1r,959 10-34)
1972 Two artamits ware made to elucidate complex search
IAGARD-CP 100t Avail NTIS HC 10 50 situations In the first. using Howarth and Bloomfield's theoretical
The fifteen papers and ensuing discussions presented at the work as a basis. cal.:ulations were made of the cumulative search
AGARD Aerospace Medical Panel Specialist Meeting on Air to time data likely to occur when a target that was an extreme
Ground Target Acquisition held in Brussels Belgium on the example of a distribution of Oblects was presented among a
31st May and tst June 1972 are reported The papers cover sample of thes objects The calcuations corvered variations in
treoretical and practical aspects ol -rsual search and detection 1 the target - nontarget cut-off point 12) the size of the visual
including the effects of complex backgrounds. illumination and lobe area associated with the target, and (31 the response time
ufltrd=|. dlJ 1* 'lcatio* of i',ather'natical ma•del'.ng tcchr,:ques that was necessary after a target was located The second, a
to the solution of t i,-,rt acquisition problems For individual titles. simulation study making use of thi, Monte Carlo method. treated
see N73-19960 through N73-19974 a situation in which a number of targets were presented among
many nontarget oblects A single target. which had a small visual
lob1s area associated with it was preser.•d with a variable number
N73-19900 North American Rockwell Corp Anaheim. Calif of targets with large visual lobe areas The size of the visual
THE LIKEUHOOD OF LOOKING AT A TARGET lobe areas associated with the two k.nods of target was varied,
Charles P Greening In AGARD Air to Ground T.-rget Acqusition as wale the number of the large lobe area targets and the
Nov 1972 6 p (For availability see N73-199b9 10-34) length of the response times necessary after a target had been
 34 GENERAL 303

located (he likely effect of thes variations on the time needed

to locate the single target is reported In general. more time was N73-19967 Scripps Institution of 0cesnorapi%, San Diego.
needed the smaller the lobe ar*e of the single target is roporteaA CaiRf T Visibility Lab
In general, more time was needed the smaller the lobe area of AIR-TO-GROUNG VISIBILITY OF LIGHTS AT LOW BACK-
the single target. the greater the lobe area of the large lobe GROUND LEVELS
targets. the greater the number of the latter present, and the John H Taylor in AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition
longer the response times The cumulative curves obtained Nov 1972 8 p refs (For availability see N73-19959 10-34)
changed in shape se the four variables altered in these directions After sunset and before sunrise the visual task of the airborne
The change in shape as likaly to be found with human ob- observer becomes radically lifferent from that which he must
servers who adopt the most suitable strategy for locating the perform during the dayligh, rours The range at which targets
small lobe area target. Author will be seen depends upon the physical properties of the
u)orce.such as its intensity and color, the length of time for
which it is exposed to view. the tiansmissivwty of the atmospheric
N73-1994 Bitish Aircraft rp (Operating) Ltd. Bristol path of sight. and the visual performance capabilities of the
" observer This paper lescritbes some new data which apply to
(England• Guided Weapon~s Div this problem, and suggests that the relat onship between visibility
THE EFFECT OF COMPLEX BACKGROUNDS ON ACU and flash duration may be somewhat more complex than has
TION PERFORMANCE usually been assumed The results have apphcation to both
M 8 Brown In AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition allress umede The reuls have applieato to both
Nov 1972 6 p refs (For availability see N73-19959 10-34) aggressive and defensive needs. and are of iterest tothe sgnallhng
The relationship between the subjective effect of structured communty i general Author
target backg;ounds on acquisition performanc, and physical
attributes of the scene luminance structure was i.,vestiga.ed both N73-199(48 Air Force Systems Command. Wrighl-Paterson AFB.
theoretically and experimentally The theoretical attempts are Ohio Flight Environments Branch
described to classify vbhrous aspects of complexity, and an AIR.TO-GROUND TARGET ACQUISITION WITH FLARE
'LLUMINATfON
experiment was carried out using synthetic target material The
resulta showed that certain targets are more easily recognized Robert L Hilgendod IN AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition
than others for all the complex backgrounds tired. and also Now 19?2 11 p refs iFor avaiablty see N73-19959 1034)
indicated that recognition may he rugarded as the detection of This paper is concerned with the results from three recent
detail A large variability between subjects was observed Part experiments Experiment 1 dealt with the eflect of shielding a
Of this variation can be artributed to eyesight differences and to 25.000000•-umen flare sc-irce and determining the optimal
experience Author number of flares to be used for a gi-en target area No statisttic :iy
significant effect was found due to flare shielding For theS given
target area simulated. it appeared that there was no additional
benefil detived f.,,m ,gn.t,rng more thari two fl3es -ives a s-rnula.ed
N73-19966 Nottingham Univ (England) Dept of Psychology area of about 1 5 kilometers by S kilometers Experiment 2 dealt
PERIPHERAL ACUITY WITH COMPLEX STIMULI AT TWO with shielding of a 60000.000 lumen source and again. ,io
VIEWING DISTANCES statistically significant effect was found due to the flare shielding
J R Bloomfield In AGARO Air to Ground larget Acquisition Experiment 3 dealt with the visual acuity under simulated flare
Nov 1972 10 p refs IFo: availability see N73- 19959 10-34) light In this experiment each of eight groups of five subjects
Visual acuity is defineD -n terms of the minimum resolvable performed simulated observer altitudc rnging n 152 mtale
visual angle or its reciprocal This assumes, implicitly, that acuity increments from 152 to 1.219 meters Foe i slant ranges
is independent of viewing distance In the current study, this simula~ed (1.029 to 1.587 meters,. 610 meters was the best
assumption was tested for peripheral acuiey using two viewing altitude for visual performance Like the other findings, this could
distances A complex visual display was used for the acuity have significant impact r- tactical planning for nighr missions
task The display contained a regular 17 by 10 arrangement of The parameters of thiti .tudy have now been blown-up to
discs The display was exposed for 0 25 seconds, with the observer real-world size and the Aerospuce Medical Research Laboratory
ixcating a particu'ar point in it Measurements were made of in conlunction with the Air Force Armament Labo-atory. is
the threshold distance from the fixation point at which a single, conducti.g flight tests to validate the altitude data of the
smaller target disc could be detected ThE data. obtained from experimental simulations Author
eight o upp.Vviled the ass.mpt.orn. that porpetrc3! ac,-'t!y
-bseretrs
is independent of viewing distance, the threshold distance
remaining unchanged for four sizes of target, in spite of the N73-19969 Army Aeror-edical Research Lab Fort Rucker. Ala
large change in viewing distance This implies that performance AIR TO GROUND TARGET ACQUISITION
in au-to-ground target acquisition should not be direc'tly Robert W Bailey in AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition
affectece by variations in viewing distance Author Nov 1972 5 p refs (For availability see N73 19959 10-34)
Biomedical problems with the helmet mounted sight and
visual target acquisitic system are discussed in terms of sighting
errors in the laboratory and in flight for still and moving targets
N73-19966 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuthsanstalt fuer Lull- The effects of this type opticar device on depth and spatial
ursd Raumfahrt Oberpfaflenhofen (West Germany) perceptron are presented along with suggested bioengirieeiing
A MODEL FOR THE INHERENT CONTRAST CONDITIONS techniques for improving the .vsttm F0 S
IN FULL-FORM OBJECTS
Max R Nagel In AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition
Nov 1972 21 p refs (For availability see N73-19959 10-34) .s
The concept was developed of a simple model that is N73-1"t970 Army Electronics Command.Fort Monirouth NJ
representative of the luminance and contrast conditions on Avionics Lab
full-lfo m ob jects A reasonably rea list ic approach '-s a sp here SC U SYSIG
TC NEM T F R A D A E I O T R N G 1
that is exposed to the irradiation from the entire sky. the sun. SCOUT SYSTEM
and the ground. teking into account the considerable variation William J Kenneally 'n AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition
of the luminance in the sky kased pirmarily u.i iiuaiureT'e;itts Nov 197? 1t1 o refs (For availability see N73-19959 10 341
of the sky luminance in the Pikes Peak region uf Colorado Limited but promising operational ealerience with helicopter
U S A r calculations were made of the mherent contrast in such borne night vision systems (both low light lavea TV and forward
a model when -1 is viewed from any direction with fields :ef looking infrcri~d has spurred an interesl irn the applcatlon of
view of various s-ies Other calculations were concerned with night vision technology to second generation arbctne systems
the modjel obtect - contour contrast against its background and The limiltel quantitative performance data on these first generation
* with i:s color Representative results of these calculations are Systems. coupled with the sigoficanl advances irn night vision
shown and discussed Author technology made during the intervening period, place severl

a. -A
304 34 GENERAL

restrictions on tie system designer attempting to make Ilogical N73-19974 British Aircraft Corp (Operating) Ltd. Bristol
system tradeoffs The scope of the paper is to examine venous (England) Guided Weapons Div.
relevant data on the subject and to develop a design concept SOME PSYCHOMETRICS IN RELATION TO TARGET
for such a second generation scout system. Author ACQUISITION
Sandra J. Seals In AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition
Nov- 1q72 7 p raft [For availability se N73-19959 10-34)
The variance associated with acquisition performance arises
N73-19971 Aeronoitcal Systems Div.. Wright-Patterson AFB. from between subject differences and within subjects differences
Ohio A recent intensive study was conducted. using a pattern
REALISTIC CONSt'EIr.ATIONS OF TARGET ACQUISITION discrimination test. the Witkin Embedded Figures Test lEFT)
ON LINZS OF COMMUNICATIONS Previous experimentif work using this test indicated that it would
Roy K. Frick. Diane E. Summers. and Thomas E Tyson In be suitable for the taIrget acquisition situation in that it would
AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition Nov 1972 10 p estimate analytical ability, which was hypothesized as being a
refs (For availability se N73-19959 10-34) factor contributing to the variation in acquisition performance
An apprcach is presented to determining the probability of Although no overall significance was found between EFT scores
acquiring targets by a search aircraft which flies along an enemy and measures of acquisition performance under various briefing
line of i.cnmuncation ILOC) A line of commurication is defined conditions. the study highlighted the difficulties involved in using
as a roure. a g. a road, waterway or railroad, and the targets psychometric tests in the :ontext of target acquisition The paper
of interest are trucks, boats, or other appropriate carriers The eitimmes these difficulties aind illustrates the contribition to the
analysis aoproach consists of three areas of investigation (1) methodology in this area Author
analyzing the contour (twists and turnsi of a route for purposes
of establishih%.g a preferred flight path plus determining the
frequency distributions of LOC aspects relative to this flight N73-20959 Advisory Croup '.:, Aerospace Research and
path. (2) computing the probability of detecting a target. given Development Paris iFrancel
a set of LOC. target. and flight path conditions and 13) integrating AGARD GERMAN COOPERATION
the results of the lrist two areas of investigation to produce the Frank VWattendorf in OFVLP Management in Sc, and Technol
probability of target acquisition for the overall set of conditions Sep 1971 p 80 57 (For availability see N73-20955 11-34)
The methodology presented can be applied to investigate Dr Theodor Seneckes activities and accomplishments as
conditions of target acquisition for existing hnes of communication Cairman of the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
in the real world Author Development at AGARC, NATO are described Typical
cooperation proiecis for mus~ial benefir constiuted development
of V STOL aircraft, low aititude defense Transall. G 91. F
N73-19972 University of Technology. Leicester (England) Dept 104 G. and the German-F ench Research Institute at St Louis.
of Ergonomics and Cybernetics France 6 G
THE EFFECTS OF BRIEFING ON TELEVISUAL TARGET
ACQUISITION
K R Parkes In AGARD Air to Ground Target Acquisition N73-21881. AdviSOry l-a for Aerospace Research and
GGroup f-rance)
9 p refs (For availability sea N73 19959 10-34) Development. Paris
Nov 1972 ianNG E
Te 1972 AA
Evidence from a number of studies indicates that the nature
THE 1972 AGARD ANNUAL MEETING COMMEMORATING
of the briefing information available to the observer has a marked
AGAROSS TWENTIETH ANNIVERSARY
effect on target acquisition performance Low level forward oblique Meeting
28 Sep 1972 112 p In FRENCH and ENGISH
photographs of the target and surrounding terrain have been held at Brussels 28 Sep 1972
found to be a particularly effective form of briefing information, Avail NTIS HC $7 75 =
but such photographs may not always be available In the ProceAdagi of the AGARl meeting are reported Belgian
experiment reported, an evaluation was made of the extent to roe ding ofte AGrDme tehnies d
arept e trclude lgian
d
photographs. perspective relgian cnrbtont
Belgian contributions arogpace techniques.
to aerospace structuresln
of theof targlet
which, in the absence
represeintations oblique
suitableana surroulnding terrain derived
rrem mapsen ~tation
of the target
u ansrundistng terrainodericed materials research in Belgium. and fluid dynamic research in
fromBelgium A lecture on lessons learned and futue directions, in
The effectiveness of these perspective views, used as briefing the mans eruent of technical programs was also presionted.
material in addition to maps. was compared with that of maps g F.O.S
used alone. and maps used together with oblique photographs
The results show that. while not as tffrtlve .is oblique
photographs the perspective views brought about some N74-1764e Adviory Group for Aerospace Research and
improvement in performance as compared with the mulps alone Development Parts IFrance)
Author DIRECTORY OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES ON IN-SITU
COMPOSITES
Oct 1973 21 p refs Prepared by Battelle Columbus Laos
N73-19973 British Aircraft Corp 'Operating) Ltd Bristol IAGARD-R.609i Avail NTIS HC $325
(England) Guided Weapons Div A directory of research racilities laboratories. and corporations
THE USE OF KELLY'S REPERTORY GRID TECHNIQUE FOR conducting reseaich cn composite materials -. preienled The
ASSESSING SUBJECTIVE ESTIMATES OF IMPORTANT organlizations are identified by ti-e country in whlic! rcated and
the principal respondents are identified A brief statement
PARAMETERS FOR TARGET ACQUISITION
A J Mitchell In AGARD Air to Ground Target Acz3uisition concerning the type of research beirn conducl-d accompanies
each entry where applicable Author
Nov 1972 12 p rels ýFor ava-lability see N73 19959 10-34)
Kellys elapertory Grid Technique was employeo to study
the area of subjentive (actors involved in visual acquistiion of
targets. in the hope of coverng the discrepancy between tie-s
Aerosniaci- Rlro'tserh
date obta.n..d from nsychophysical studies and actual field data ArJ-(lcr,
N 74 21610a iroire' in; inii

Two experimenti were conducted using highly trained aircrew Developme-1r Paris Ifidnue'
which have led to the definition of some subjective parameters AGARD ANNUAL MEETINGr 1973
npo,3r,tCe Through ,Paliyss thr.e rrrep, tihr lq7"t AR ., iriS In FN(;LISH Eiaril, ,i FRENCH Co),ri
and esl:mates of their
oveilying components were elicited Thise majoi componenteFi iPI,at Aihprr "3 S 1i
i973
were III, Toe target has visual prorninence against the backgrounid Ava, NTIS HC S.i SO
Colieicr-ai ar iieyrerlte•
wiei• dl,, c t i ivesel-r-h
12) The target is in a h lpful btiilt up environm,_nt or Target is iiiite

in an u-ban environment 13l There are geographical enj map a, nleaeloilirii

vl ciitiiiir, iii Gin r r: ali ' 2l the ue )! "-.ienlie_
identification features around the target to aid acquisition aid
" e I
ii-ood 0 rii
!1.1 i• -r l ii - I rnni n frii a - i .ie Jit ('
',?(I .S-

Author For raitl,,ritrnfl, s - '474 211t1 riiuuiu.,ii N714 21618

34 GENERAL 305

N74-216 1 Advisory Group fMr Aerospace Research and it is stated that for modern aircraft weapon systems such
Development. Paris (Fratice) as a multi-role combat aircraft cost reduction can be achieved
RESEARCH ANr) DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN GREECE at all stages of the procurement process and by a wid(e variety
S N Morarets (Hellenic Air Force) In its AGARD Ann Meeting. of means Some examples are presented of recent achievement.
1973 Dec 1973 p 8-13 (For availability see N74.21610 in the following three phases aerodynamic and structural
12-34) design, mechanical and physicai engir Jeilng. and manufacturing
An overview is presentee of the distribution of research efforts technology Author
in Greece according to the areas of activity and expenditures
Tables are given which illustrate the following (i) the activities N74-21616 Ministry of Defence IWest Germany)
which ,ontrrbuted to the formation of the national Income for THE HINGELESS ROTOR A CONCEPT TO INCREASE
the years 1970 through 1972. and secondly the forecasts for MISSION EFFECTIVENESS AT REDUCED COSTS
19R7. Q2) the country's gross, domestic asset formation per field P Barth In AGARD AGARD Ann Meeting 1973 Dec 1973
of productive activity. (3) electric power exploitation as achieved p 40-50 refs IFor availability see N74.21610 12-34)
by the Public Pcwer Corporation. 14) the structure of domestic The mechanical simplification of helicopters by elimination
asset formation in the induslrial enterprises for four categories of blade attachment hinges is dlsrussed Emphasis is picced on
of products IS) distribution of expendiluies for types of research the Bolkow system which features fiberglass rotor blades of
and the percen: of the gross national product represented by high elasticty rigidly attached to a stiff hub The stated 3dvantages
the total research expenditure, and (6) the financir.g of research of the system are (1i The hingeless rotor design needs only
and development according to the performing agency for the about 30 percent of the parts of an articulated rotor '2) Zontrol
curocnt five year pogram which runs from 1973 to 1977 becomes more powerful, faster and more direct, and nearly
D LG independent of thrust 131 The c-ii blades can offer more than
10.000 ho~rs of service life compared to 1 000 to 2.000 hours
N74-21612 Athens Univ (Greece) for comparable hplicopte~s (41 The fiberglass material is cOrrosion
ELECTRONICS AND SPACE ACTIVITIES IN GREECE proof and tests have shown that it is insensitive to nctches (1)
K Anastassiades In AGARU AGARD Ann Meeting. 1973 The hingeless rotor is most promising in fulfilling modern military
Dec 1973 p 14 17 In ENGLISH and FRENCH (For availability requirements for air mobility 0 LG
see N74-21610 12-341
The role of electronics and space activiteý in scientific research N74-21617 Avions Marcel Oassault. reguet A--atlon Saint'
is discuSsed Emphasis is placed on a study/ of wave propagation Coud (France)
conditions between two points in magnetic conjunction. Athens RESEARCH WORK AND COSTS. THE ROLE OF DATA
and Salisbury. Rhodesia Some results are presented which were PROCESSING
obtained in a special space research program to study the overzill P Bohn in AGARD AGARD Ann Meeting 1973 D,.c 1973
electron content simultareously between the two points The p 51-53 rn ENGLISH and FRENCH rFor availability see
results were observed during the solar eclipse of 30 June N74 21610 12-34)
1913 0 LC An overview is presenteu on researcn work and costs in
aircraft manufacturing with emphasis placed on the changes which
N74-21613 Societe Nationale Industnelle Aerospatiale. Paris have taken place as a result cf :he Introduction of powerful
(France) computers It is pointed out that computers provide a means to
TECHPtIQUES ORtENTED TOWARDS COST PEGIjCTION rprove the modelling Of physical pr romena and to demonstrate
M Chevalier In AGARO AGARD Ann Meeting 1973 Dec the resulting effects on the whole aircrah Airc;ah manufacturers
1973 p 22-27 In ENGLISH and FRENCH (For availability see are now in a position to achieve trade-offs .. h.,th were at one
N74.21610 12-341 time inconceivable especially as far as costs are concer-leo It
It is pointed out that parallel to the cor tinuous improvement is predicted that in the future research work will require more
in performance regarding aitcrafi construction actions are currently highly trained engineers extremely powerful computers. and very
being de.aloped towards simpler materials open to quantity bulky data fles These requirements are based on (1 In-flight
production, and cha'acterized by a determined tendency towards development time is becoming increasingly short, and is devoted
economy Three aspects are dealt with concerning •he vehicle more a.id more e.the, to the development of etectronic systems
proOuctic '. (1) st'ucture Q21 power plants and (31 equipment or to the analysis of abnormal flight patterns or lailure rivestiga-
Autho tions 21) Official agencies and industrial firms everywhere must
more and more frequently accept contracts rot the developme-I
N74-21614 National Aerospace Lab. Amsterdam ifJether of prototypes 3) Optimization Obtained by computers, permits
lands) the manufacturer to simplify without incurring any penalties as
TECHNICAL AND OERATIONAL ASPECTS OF EXTERNAL- regards the objectives 0 LG
LY MOUNTED AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT
T Van~ostefom in AGARO AGARD Ann Meeting 1973 Dec N74-21618 Air f-o ce Systems Command. Wright Patterson AFB.
1971 p 29.34 (For aV31labiliy see N74 2 1610 12-34) chc.0
It is pointed out that the installation of addiltonal equiment IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON COST REDUCTION

in an aircraft is often impossible due to space limitations Jihn F Brooke /, AGARL. AGARD Ann Meeting 1973 Dec
Consideration is given the choice which must be made between 1973 p 53 60 (For avadlabilhty see N74 21610 12 34i
redesigning or modifying the fuselage or housing thL equipment The results are discussed of a United States Air Force survey
in an external speedpack or pod Several advantages of a conducted to identify those technologies which hold the greatest
pod mounted system are indicated and specific design aspects promise o0 educing MIe cycle costs The analysis indicates that
which may require advanced applications of ,crence and the cost redtiong aspects of seventeen identified technologies
technology are discussed It is concluded thai the pod concept "Ould achivve a ten yea,' ie Lycle savirrg on the order of S450
has the potential to solve in many cases. the: probhlms inherent nillron Five of these technologies considered to be representative
in the implementation of new operational equipmert mitt- the 3xamples are disLussen in detai and incliude Ill advanced
inventory of an air force It is also concluded that for many composites 121 weldbond joining 03- metal working atid munitions.
apphcatiorrs the pod concept will hiv, a surperor operatroral i4, replaceatrle tread tie concepit and IS) aircraft battery
cost effectiveness in comparison with an aircraft intecIre'ed technology D LG
system
4
Author N 74-2? 92M Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
NP74.21615 Ministry of Defence London IEnglandl Developient Paris (FrainceI
THE REOLCTION OF AIRFRAME COSTS WITH PARTICU DIRECTOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 1970. TO THE NATO
LAR REFERENCE TO COMBAT AIRCRAFT MILITARs' COMMITTEE
, Seddu,, , AGrD AGAI'I, A ..i, "Aut:;rj 1377 Cc. Ap, t171 R0 p
1973 p 34 39 If-or availability see fN74 21610 2 34! Avail NTIS HC $700
 306 34 GENERAL

A summery of AGARD a 1970 technical program is present - Avail NTIS HC 5450

ad Meetings. publications, personnel, and budgeting (fr this The firs, issue of AGARO s Highlights is Oireseited1 Chrirges411
reporting period are discussed Author end developmon~s which have taken place since the establishment
of AGARD in 1952 are detailed Biographies are presented of
N74-234930 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and the recipients ofI th-i first Von Karman Medals SK W
Development Pairts (Fiance)
THE AGARD CHARTER N74-234990 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and
I May 1971 17 pa In ENGLISH and FRENCH Development Paris (France)
Avail NTIS HC S4 00 DIRECTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT TO THE NORTH ATLANTICI
The charter, as authorized by the Vwlrh Atlantic Military MILITARY COMMITTEE. 1972
Committee document dated 5 April 197 1. is presented in the 1972 80 p
oriVrral English version and in its French Translation D LG Avail NTIS HC S600 t
Abstracts for AGARr) series publications for 1972 are
N74-23494# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and presented Proceedings of panel mneetings in the following subjerct
Development Paris lFrance) areas are dletaileci avionics electromragnetic wave propagationi
THE 1971 AGARO ANNUAL MEETING flight mecr-anics. fluid dynamics. g-jrdarce and control propul
Dec 1971 78 p Meeting held at Nord-Torpa. Norway 8 Ser sion and energetics and structure and materials A list of AGARD
1971 consultants and their subject tpecie'ties is also presented
Avail NTIS HC $7 00 b KLW

The conference held in Nord-Torpa. Norway. 8 Se9ptemoc

1971 is reported The theme of the First Plenary Session was N74-23600rr Advisory Group for Aerospiace Research arid
Norwegian Industrial and Defense Research Development, and Development Paris (France)
International Aerospace Cooperation The pretsentaton of each 1973 32 p
speaker is included Author Avail NTIS HC S4 75
Short articles on the progress and activities of AGArtO panels
N74-23496* Advisory Group for Aerospacr, Research and era presented Panels are included in the areas of vivo-c,
Development. Paris (France) electromagnetic wave piopagatici flight nrecharrics and
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT Structures and mraterials A summary o! thre work complerted or,
George Zrnnremann Jan 1972 18 p Revised the new AGARD multilingual aeronautical dlictrUrrary is iniuded
Some guidelines are presentecd for individuals Involved in collected works of Theodore Von Karman KM M
managing and participating in international conferences The
material is divided into four sections. each of particular significance N74-2360110 Advisory Group for Aerospace Resealr h and
Ir the prrneet fflrctir the hr,%t ortranrration the meeting chairman :.peccrrc :J-fý.-.pi
and the speakers. respectivets 0 LG INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS OF AGARD MANUSCRIPTS
TO BE SET BY THE PRINTERS. INSTRUCTIONS TO
IN74-234til6p Advisory Group for Aerospace Hesearch and AUTHORS OF AGARO MANUSCRIPTS TO BE PREPARED
Development. Pat.-. (France) CAMERA READY IINSTRUCTIONS A L'INTENTION DES
DIRECTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC AITIEURS DE MANUSCRITS AGARD DESTINEES A ETRE
MILITARY COMMITTEE. 1971 COMPOSE PAR LIMPRIMEUR. INSTURCTIONS AUX

Mar 1972 82 p AUTEURS DE MANUSCRITS DE PUBLICATIONS AGARD

Avail NTIS HC $- 25 DESTINEES A ETRE REPRODUITS PAR PHOTOGFIAHIE
The report ha-i been prepared in the contest ot the total DIRECTEI
AGARD 1971 Technical Program which is carried out by the Oct 1973 8 p Revised lIn ENGLISH anA - RENCH,
AGARD Panels, tMe Consultant and Enchan e Program. and the Avail NTIS HICS4 00
Military Committee Studies Program Tie. achievements are Instructions are given for those who are u -able to Ii" IrGAHO
reported in t-)rrs of (1) the meeting which were held to bring special layout paper tor the preparation Of riar-.rs~rli!s '- AGARD
together the leading perbonalities of the NATO nations in a p~iblicatior, Also presented are the Instructionrs for rhine wii'
particular field of science and technology for the common benefit are preparing minuscripts for publication using ti- ri-e
of tns NATO community. (2) the AGARD Series publication which reproduction syitem K M M1
o-theprps of assisting member nations in the effe,_tive use
of their research and development capabilities. f13 the personnel
that planned for and participated in the tubal program. and (4) X74 /3503 Advlv..,r , Gou 1, hr A-,, -1.d is hr..,
* the budget that supported this stimulus to the advances in the -- iilii~iiParr - Jfra.- .
T
aerospace sciences relevant to strengthening the common defense SMALL ACTICAL MISSIIES FOR 1980 AND BEYOND
posture The Apjpendixr contains the detailed program of the VOLUME I SUMMARY ILES PETITS MISSILES
individual activities Author (ACTIQUES A LHORIZON 1980 ET AU DELA T CME 1
SOMMAIREI
N74-23497# Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and HjIiii fVtj 11 -t .. i1 Ci iri-l 1 1-i.i 1 0.i 1973 611
0evelopment, Paris (France) r RENill
AGARE) HANDBOOK (INCLUDING AGARD BY-LAWS) A(,AfiD All 51 1 Vii I-
Sep 1972 31 p Revised NA!0 l'-hi...
Avail NTIS HC 54 75 T1
he. r .rrri ii.. omi--.i 1ror ., tiAIi r.. iir
A handbook which presents a .over. raw of the AGAPDE) .11 ". A '1.n
.ý ii-ri ii 1980r - i,ir
T
organizational structure is presented op. s include historical ii-,..... -; a.-i ii rir. iS .. '. -i i
backrdiound. military studies program panels and publicationrs -. ,.-.... nr.
P rriri-r i'. r ~ih.ii. i ir

The bylaws of AGARD are tiesenterl for reference purposes A-i* I,-I .in rr 'a-..- 1-1. .ri-i.
G K..Wi. ..... I

N74-23498# Advisory Gin Aerospace Research and Il.i,ii ..... rriiiisi~-.i i.ri~r.-

Development Paris (France) iiirri.iiIriiiini.-i..-iii

HIGHLIGHTS AGARD'S 1WVEITIE7H ANNIVERSARY. rJ~ i 1 .. t i- iI.-.it.. *

34 GENE RAL 307

rnissile systern types classified into 7 target oriented missile

families These conceptual system designs are analyzed in order
to derive the cases for commonality and modularity and the
most promising technologies and techniques for the 1980 5

X74-73604 Adv..,ry Grui, Ini Aerospace Research and

Development Paris nFrance-
SMALL TACTICAL MISSILES FOR 1980 AND E'ý%ND
VOLUME EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Roger Ma•r.uet and Charles Sorgeaud Dec 1973 56 p A
'AGARD-AII 57 Vol-lI Al
NATO Confidential Report
For a'.siract see X74 73b033-

X74-73505 Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and

Develomrnent Paris iFrance
SMALL TACTICAL MISSILES FOR 1980 AND BEYOND.
VOLUME 2
Roger Marquet and Charles Borgeaud Dec !973 242 p
AGA:'D AR,57-Vol 2)
NATO Secret Report
abstract see X74 73503

:1
I
I

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AGARD INDEX OF PUBLICATIONS (1971 1973)

PARTII" INDEXES

SUBJECT IN)EX

PERSONAL AUTHOR INDEX

CORPORATE SOURCE INDEX

REPORT/,'ACCESSION NUMBER INDEX

ACCESSION/REPORT NUMBER INDEX

Preceding page blank 309

 ~~1

SUBJECT .ADEX
\. AR;) INDEX (M- I't BI.I(8V IIk \S i 1971-1973)

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.- - o i. f I td o h,.int,,,t -. , ol ,Oi ..-- Id, 1C17 Nil7 22954
IfXt A - .o o o ,o
1~o" ,t- It - t
coo- 0e !0-,.-
",Is.$t-. to"- Csdli.,o 'epc too t-a
4i Lc-.ai- I Ps' a c 11e foo-ioai Ion-sai p5022 N74 It7]?
IAGARD CP It1li p(-CA9S ?,3 2 103 t SO I-.i-t- M -. go.- Ae~-',.-n- D.,(~ 1loiein daces i
t-hagIf -toted, ,Ac-,co., to
0
Aoo'aae.ctsictiit t ia~a0g -- dosti IAiA80 A ;001 4'tS54 109305 (0-0 cI_, Itei.
hno., O...l -tppioo
It.,oii ,.10d ilotino I o~rs ~Aei.Ii,od
pO0S N73'2 1339
-- Ost tip0] 74 18650
Uci
I AGAIIRDP 1241 pO'ilS N7t 14709 AERODYNAMAIC HEATING c

ýQa l, o.I-" -. I.; AG IOOAc, 1691 ct180 Nit 12042

Deetoec
ICt~~i ooiico,11410-0000ac] bo--Io I0 o a.osic Mt, ni-,-
h - AE8000eSAMtC tNTEPFERENCE

p0051 NO3 2104 of oi o-o ooiotn

-i-0- 9 Conioooto ,'4AS Ii ,051sotet-en0
ft-so~oio0 ejti ttm _,i01t1e-g o..ooid 1oi i
001 Ni4 147-3 -.- tejl 5000 ,i IO .-
r-t'cco4t~ .Iie,0
Is.-~oo- olt e,'' 4 .1w"So-' ot- t- Iti
NASA TPA069997) v0023 N474 l86527

it. IpEll C- 4i4l-a~ pC-oSt

IY3I 2(5 t 040 i tl1itci tiso 5 0--to ~ tel t IAIIA600(,FlAPii I 'If "0184 'j o 18973
Ao4,:t-ii t10i I04 Iseit
. 1009-... i..--t INit4 147 A1ERODYNIAMIC LOAD1S

*: I-sit.i..-.i: sot-t -i , ,C1 1n5 N) s a-c O-o. 00519Ni74 147'6 ti 0sso~c . .....loote ,, l
Wod mot tto0,t0*..o*
00 , 0 Cot A..ti
1,-d 0 o toeli-
1-as , .11l-gc-o
P. - 130, Ni7 1'11

h 'W dot-
tI ont-.IV c ~ c
lonttO~tta C~hto.tospsdomnssiio~i~t~i
T!j/
I0C 1-i152
oe i-
di,0020i
4.50.
dn~e..oi~oa..teesovae..otacot~u
dspO Ni74 i'
N~n~ctiosiloaC~1..ai,
tal4so-*tio~io--ittl~-ioi
~sd a- o- a-
i-

-h-eoiiiloitsotiooei-~id~c Penal- -,, iiio.c-o-o-ojoida oito- Cl, 6 .t--~-t s 000 1N,293

I01 (1111 1,t Nas 7295 a1-s'"---s :t-y Ni.--.is ll

0

Of--ti
siliei-ih
OO
ký)
o ed
ad ~i.~so%20
0-if~en~otis
I i J ? 2954
7a~tt-
Nit 14)120 h, p0?fi 2oia
93 3i
1 IIs
q 1itt"~ ote. - tii
It _ 81- .csd
-' 0 -I4
Dscscip-1e.-so.ao- I

i'-sooilof-,oo-,,i-iisn-t~~~~~~~~oi~~o-ii-~ ioe
t-s o- I

-, as 0 -
i-ilonIa s.tt'-j01
hn, 7
7i4lio
.tidi-
osb4sb2iol
1
~ co~st
401,
.114
ooi
dCsoictn-s-a
toil 0c-.lio it

AG90 .1Sftt-k-so a N13se-i

24942s -O~n~inct CjO idt' tl~f

.Ati t i/'Nl244
o -ots- i- t. l.-t , itite ., ta jll0~-J oil4 0Ct 4ti-- -

h4_, ohiento oa XC '42A 0 9idO24517e '0lc Nit 14723 IAt/ SID (PR it7 Pt 'I ciconO '717 M938
0
0og-9 i.sestciiet -t tseeit, of OAK s.. it..o p- Oi O-.- - ..-. tso it... id s.0O t/ 2913jt
..pct-IatItSi0i ti, to t-h~ls~ ci,- s.`)'at lotN, 1-4dY.4-:So..e
1 0
tsj

e,,oi~otic
o~s- Itdeiei-oItoh.-og~ C-oolts-.a I-s - tN.,41 l4-6t stCot,-i ct, I'Ali1 i
a.-0fh5i 4i- -53p 1,t0 .4 d 'ft
4ytt~.. iln y it I t~i -t .1iaA- 4 I,-.t

"IAi6ao.1 St--sI-..~
~ ~ ~ ~
041.
0oo1 o 0O
~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ 111a9e'-i--r ~~~~~1 c '41.-.e-~yin-
A.0, 1110,
......... at....--ee-s~c-i- i-t
1466804)4, pOR~87 %, 0-iAot,-10- dot Ylsicol.-iioi5 s t- F. I act-ot
I
eoeit~g-li~iiilh-ti)t
stsio- 4 -otli-n n~it SO 4, Ao,io~~oso~

A-3
 AERODYNAMIC NOISE SUBJECT INDEX

t
D-nlopmaot.. ontaadV as~od,'am-c If he. cope' Apn-ca.o01 1.-cso a.sca1 feh-o
1n-ol- o. dataO--I.o .1
,N-Kmeoa
ectoopt, fia"af.'
.otf- of -ovods
blades ae-mlonambc
to detta-ins.M fo--soas
dba--bfo
(1-1 ola ,-
oe. .
Stsstori..stl
P-e- ant ffacts of Oote-ha'ct ar n.p.-e w..od.
pOOl7 0173 1400)f p3ý017 P73 1400' bOGARD A85961 ,00415573 16030
Retvcbeteenneeoe CG oertýlca otats F-1e-c-oso cofn.1 o-'. 1i d-an ono *o-:'0 EIl- Of a.tO1 I.app "j of '"Ju 001)0 sat. 1, an1
1
a'd 'cads at T ta. of.-.tan, a-can p029' N73 t690-t sat4 tO41--
oal s01'd
tala-dps stal an1-otto an cofl'c
o-o-*t, hel copte eoned
, -11, h- . .lI.','nnl
ftalno'atýoc of otne-d load effects ono conIot-ebd.t. O ofV.
S- af.. -s - :I-ta- a-O
cal p 673 2 10 16
N4
.a.d a-i adiacaf p00*5 0113 17004 IAGARD (P 1021 p00-11 Na73 14998 0V.-4 locbl le-f to date-,- e a"ects of blade I,. 1I
Soina G~otenn ema -f0aoe-d.ne,*d-ct0o of sletr-a-I Ananys- Of pa1la1ete"1 alt-og a..a41 1.11 and p-I, andha'oalaat'c-toov l'.
pOO' 'Nf tone
1 otoI -lneca
detigo load, and aectelac~l sltffbysesgsWo statl go-root to oclode aa~odyoaln-c Coof-¶lW8o-ans8-d olanh 7.lb6 oIf? 213049
deaolatof woa.oalpOl 1l`73 21020 00f69199 O~doa~caalfn n hapefcmm
t.elcoes~h.r'a~

sant.oo ld onelo lnn

ofRe.ol'Q1
ollo.b.tRow oood.mns ... *I
.. nd 673
~ht Andsso n.
d~~n~nal*oo-esl"fl
Ito
ofelota.e
aI0-.aaa1nbt~.
lw n en
lo
olaped c"s asfct, on, p11~~ac
,
ot7
1
o 'tt
73 22949I

Aa,ndnnamoChalce.--c -of t1 otl-peshepa acf t p0 t1N?1 5 and o.ocdce to- Pld :-ng *enn~mnf.ca oa
1 01t7 0173 22952
D()hadn
0. adoads aots.n ad ,latala nstfo,t.eo Danaocloen of -nlnod o- ocoatQ s epat hC2.
"`0
Effect
Efec
f-01
~ t
~ýpa.o-nmame
p0773
o'alaat
PW 4oo 22949
of Iotarv..Q*0
-a-ledo .~ ofn~-1~
a-e *l ,o-de..%7
po004 - 63 1002
AERONAU'TI CAL ENGINEERING
q- of 0705 d scofed a: 0AGA0 nee-ng o,.

_%o blades pO1t? N73 22952 Sac!ons .Ilf h-ph I.t d6asoe Iwo d-men'looal I.-w
*r AGARD AR 34 7 11 p00t0 471 31459
An~afn-sf s ly of eaoDaono oaopic 0042 N73 0150038 Poneedongs of confe.ac <f a tlt -poto
a'- ondeo.' the,,s of 01ofa1-ywng. and apla~o Aelod'yna-n conf~gna on' ot swept cog 19S -P '-o 1,1 flo.g t-d ae'ooalo0. sne
of Doprat-eo.16 tatl.oet p0(t180173 22958 1 I1 peIfo.M aoCe atlf ,c!.r.ghe. 1409e of sobsovo c CARD LS 49l p0199 0172 25493
Analyst o0 a.-chf s-t'otI loads ,n opelaf-onaf P.ghl speeds p0042 1073 15010 8 ast-g o 10--1w -oeols of -~d lnnl
-0'f"
to dal'@M.oal effects of p.'ot pedolmanca and ancaff Desi -0ape-1' of ".., of ýwe-ed 1.ff a-a- [E. Pear -esme-.l
c,,,aso~w 'Osaio.OfosopdA1ofclcrc 440ARDP 601 pDl1720173 20269
* oGARD 0 8,081 pOWSS0179 27895 , n --alo* .1, .oen.,a-o d. topoa AEIROSPACE ENGINEERING
Prondogsl of coscc oneosc fel-goc to sýce p0042 N173 150ff Mn-
J1ffp0Ca 010gA.1l ant d I0
ncec:~oe
* ~ ~~~~
afels facdo-.an.,-od
slctafdean q
'en
-oo-
d fa.'go let 1oall'C
of ,sa~-s Modfoal.ons o.21j ,et s a-1 d a-1-
1t-ente - or0la- -- 'c10a dc--; ao..ltl-c ap
Do,
a-'caft t0 posdn adaccale lalI -an.- vlfVsl e-cess-.," .od Zle al We`e-a 028 3
140080 CIP ff31 p0297 N73 29905 Danl-lyW! lot a..
.ol,' c..d .pe0042 673 15012 14GARD AG 149 7 11 p N7! 20128
* ~~~~Spo'afs Is Macfi~og on I-fcf~ooolel 1,010, Pladýc-o Analys,, of et- and post nta-I ctho~acte -'slc.-,I ;I c c-
-sel;'.-fr-'-a p-galgape
4 028
bOGARD CP I22 p0055 0174 10908 aeoyalQe.alo;p0 ) N173 150'j , 3 %71 20129
1
Roa.wnes-go'j Isl 59ofogn based 00-on-Ma .. l a....~ n schaa--arac
Pos -I o0 Ha-e, 3 1, De,. -00.. ofa..
-oa ." c loc-e -l
eOeNs' blade load ana~s" p0056 0174I 04.19 e-ca8 Iant esefoplneo off1 aogrnol.n0 fences c-a- c 283 Na7' 20.3'
,eI-li
1ncj.ay-a
loeador of ",.efoot. -o:,. loads based 00 .. Isa V04043 N73 15014 Poete n eeln p'clcno ,gn~nt
log a loads m-ocsad 00 Iota" -Vrg
-Cdoa~ aod Dcaomn FP 29 lp.anl a-n-a .s.ng anrdallto
I00 I
4
helo '015 W010
loads paedIc-nstf-n1-C.1OnansO p If,.7 15015 a4K-e 0p9" .1
5 5 1 2
asc eona'cod
lacto~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c(A 10 on.claa
90 o~fl~t1 64"pa lN7a3e o 05
Idl 147.8 1 StS 7 11 .3 35 4o7l27038
t
p0O56 0174 I10917 speed and I- a.1 sped efocano"- o One 04 747 s.rl''~- ln 5 nng- c-l' o cIted.
76
Th~ep~f.I-of. o*4oa-g a1lo-500 shgt '9
dspendt.m ag.'a p0043 N73 1501 o,-ca 73109I
he1-efopter p0056 N74 10914 Anaos~sof -aod, - c bsttel-o a-d,*.eta ldp.a-.ln Ete-.oc and sP."aedlose, ._ Ge.e: e e
Loads lc.oI.,hmefod$ to' hngeless 100 edcop to -- wlde d1.ealoo-.n 01models to-o.'dolad
0 043 'csl 1 POga-O Ad 0ez'od--s',cso 0 0 5
tasp0068 N74 10915 -0 p 0173 150'8 p 3 N74 2161 2
lntag'afd'!010. b-de loads PondofCn E-a0na1o of In-idocs of a's'! -1-s9af10 Toy 013440 Ch~na p0306 '741 23491
pOO5? 0174 10918 deleccn,'alfeols Of In-,##G4-
oasoafw & -tg
-90 sweý; -l3lg1i 5p-.0 1973 of Ip og-es of A-3ARD
back and h-g fin0.d-e'es .a-e. pGO1,7 30
of aelonemloabds on -0c41a-9
,9.s00Ichefan-oc
ple--cr0 PO- 3 jAGARO ARl 491 p0046 973 180213 AEROSPACEF ENVIRONMENTS
feaG3AaDR 0A 21 v002 0174 18653 '. . . -''5c.n c-et'
AtERtOYNIAMICA NoOISE
S--c..l.11b,411nandoo-ta.I"ant.aonehpc
bladesla.'
floe.ae
a.t-al ee par-ae- cand e"::01-c~9
pO04 h673 2 103 7
aafa -I'440- -n
p0tSI '472 11175
~
t
.0.C'.10' 07 0 Cal98'o 4o mes-.en o " "eo- AEROSPACE 60135140
'S0
I6AGARDOOAAPH 1S11 PC 6 0173 17, oIato 'ao w.f5 and w-h-o S.1-
sf~g-S,
Vcdl~ or al--ga -s''--o. 1. d ' oo
..
-e~
A M-ac .seaeflopaca, opsalaln and P-OlcO0-l.05 V01350 0,179211042 of hacdf.no
lents
ý n a
-
p0076 N73 17100 D1ennelsofn.,oa I'
t
non oca.o1.,'
'c.oe"sc-co-d'-'o'I-ac.oss
oas0 o'oedla fna~odncs0 ~C
Anats- of aaodonm- -onpdcdt oa)* g taarýl o Can . ! aa
n o, n,-eaon fc lcloal cei
ao cltasl'n~*~doo oooaaoost1adeonano.ahe .no.snd ca--'p00Sl N173 21046 I..R 8 5931 sO040 N73 ff0C20
and Iad 'Poo.-o.o p052 0173 21053 Anal',s of cHed of Renods -bl~.,0 aeojnn 4 ..no-.le podoed ha.so',d -.ode.. t,.slac I.-
121'llnof *e.,oh-a-
1
00.se. -bno.bn-n -ate sl~ng.of 0 -491g and .afoh.p ofRral as-Z Inch -- a. nn-the It'ano of I"' A,-rai RaseaCh
ban. d lola-v w---0a- acd d'ag and 1.9
1ca-1sIpI to aa~odycalh.O coallo-ens G blade A-..-ttlctnfs 192
coeaffownl p0052 0173 21058 poolE 1473 22957 AsasenofmedpSS07182
Anal-ts of hef.cnpfall.'-ena and ea11-1a 1-~s laaI- Dnmo. A conpol 0no. 1a40-1na-
1,-sle
to' ua'oIfnt,lc-6d.1-t and m.-Qof 01 acoosloaf NASA CR 1384731 D00lE60174 13709 0O159 474 16927
Ac-sae.1-'t-a-n ws P'o 1 . st
.. ! In.'th
W__cheIcl, la anpCOS? .473 21355 AERODYN4AMICS
Notesalwsaal'50 n d't.-1ly Pall.yns Snr.'- and a-M.' -ode.- ol .eoYal' d-col- E SRI0 E103 >l.'e -oonl0cnl ---
tooew'g af-cl ofbld"pd. speed, lola .. ...
10 AGARD R 578 71j Po~ I 471 17432 p-9f60 Wel 16928
Ibofl
ndanaCI'00'-cplaahe p0052 0173 21058 Aa'dnnamo and aop1-n'o1.1s of 1. ao -1oafI.-n A Cto ec 1o p'l1 N74. 1 6939
P txifel.ogqfnofe. n 00- lona w-91 10 onas~lejll li-.,as AARDecO'sae AEROSPACEF MEIJICINEF
no wken anod~namo, 05a'ale'.1-stCSat hone' an~d1.5 ISAODQ LS543 7 1 p00?s 0121 20051 40480 Glo~ss , of AOe-st-ec %e- calOe-o
adnlnn 'te ndaeoocm~c'Oa
pop1-fesAenodonm K.01c of nch.cah.9g- '-II de',cs - - 140000 AG 153 7:1 cC?1171 2007!,
iAGAPID1AaEIId.."d c- VpC0S?01?
N32f1931 cenm'aolo00 2',.47 1 20C5ý 2-~--~~---.- -- --

5
a-oIn nolowdenO.s 000101 pfsdoaan -olele:n p002 N171 20053 140.080 0882 71; 00~6 7 1171 203Sf1
hess of '-.s Ild-cl-o D0017 to73 22953 Ae'odra-o-S of oa-aWe sw~eep a.'catt 'IS-- P.., oat Isf5.-.n-r-na-
ft a fe~
t 0 0 5
Enat."o fc'na
cents ~ ~ ~ ~
and, on 0 end
Cltlso.;ped
D 01463
. n-as
......
88 Ae'odoa-c
2 N471 20054
of IwO d-ceos-o-al 0 0intn,.on
2 7 hgh 6
1g.
44010
ry cctooa-c
I7 GS 7 20
AEOYAMIC
Flap~sand`e1o
TASILI TY
edge -Odd1 c-c-o 1n., -1o-d
tl" p D
C"I'poe of logos d'sosed a. AGOR80.ecl.og
0171 20067
-~
JGR
Eolac
P8 1
s1--p-naeý n-n? Coc
C9
ao
7
~ 2Q

9
p002 N11 23422 bOGARD A48 34 711 plO '13 .071 31459 th-ap-
e boe'aclotahle Gag,.'d aeoDo-ecp'o'ca-oy l4e'
of clan3hemlf1 IoGonD0G 1Anl~ 15311 2009 471 23337
Effct'105 Of54~'.0.
n
p0264 0172 169 3.ee aC pd icc ce.I'a',c 00
dnt.gn t po!3t2 7472 ff`928 Iss. 'ass-s.' 4
Aal. , o 1-ftac'i 00 1 '..e t.-l, end ftg'.. -n-1sol Pole of .l.eoe-1alslod-en f fl.glc donn- 14- c-s"-e <0'nnsc
4 5
-otada.e wOO epla-n0 S.ace design coca In -;h-Q~~o D00 N173 1 701 100000 C083 711 ,009S N72 140909
p0039 N72 32031 AIE11O6LASTIIT
C Yto 1."da 1'ac c
a-lclc-t-an o' g.n

-n
gh acl
-- do-"a laIn
hlac 878
AaeoeAboD., 711 p002 611 f432 Iowe'e
7-fS 12 49

fl~gh, lasts of 014 51 he.-opl . -1 ,'

Hndloneeei . " -fecl. a on- 91 t1n(`9
ce'1-2. A-oa oe .'
1da,.l- 14096'0
oysOvoc end -t01 180.04 -ndl- c. on-0 satb-Il, a,-I Napl-alC-on11 024N 0 [a 09
P 72 -14096'
cooolp0047 0113 2 1015 1745 ff 198 T,
Ana.,oa anect..oa
cpe'o-olf 10deoe5,n-mps .c '-.stee'.. econ--, Ic . .- a, I
.nC'a -I"
. n. A.: c- -04 %72 1409)

0 9 1
'00'peomac 073
N 210)32 I-AGAAD 0080 71 PT 21 DIO-R tall 29338 a
ep caIn."'.-lSo~ ,05sz 0

AEROD0YNAMIC"S'T'ALLING o or'aa, ~ 0 9
Isa--n~'82
tno'~' f'fO0 0a.a~ 'n~
~ -- e' hnmna --
Flow model to' vh0:5 ,-cn-d 'ecdro, edge l-nsoo
tow oblece d a 0p.a'1- 01l- spoot
a"a e'0 o-a . 1 01. 'f:e..'lIl
') 4 71 293-44
a, 3 t.gt- -01Io ~ ltl-'el-
,,n--
01 a-e
r-,-
4.c

1
Fl.,h1 CII poedolt Io. df-m-- 0 . .I''*d P0'8, p -d74723 203- ! 0-00'a'l'-- " 'ns-0 c acalcolv
caalss.nsof.gh p.od.macoe oa
-h--fe-- 7 220 0 eoao'a<lo I c-0 9 41.h-. 7 1 I
0 l~e.-. .1
a 001 r 'IA. n-I.12.501
D00, ? f ana 4N 1893- (--ne-- -enlhn fcaa

Lm~aaL Ma. I.- a. --- HeL - --- n 1. 1_ __ *

SUBJECT INDEX AIn POLLUTION

Sl'ol'aI'm '-"' , a'- ~pa.a -- "o-oaols"

57-I -"l I~i o afa'ood P.'I aI 3'AIR0olo- AI AMASEES
O~c4'5f'O0','o.IeI' Illo'.-~~f.3 '-..I~o'm *S-,'-02O63 P.72 16689 IIqe.s~'''M''-,I'.g-.*o'oo~-
IAGARDOGRAPN 1511 pCIJ7 7.73 1 7098 v.~ou~' ,5P~
Ill 43p I~-bd
"'~ ,- .. '" 5 -15 -. " 30 734'413 7
Aa::o$1s, ae3dl.. ,si .-. -l-. ,1. -pa.,lOma'a -e '1' pl r"'3' -e p02b4 f?72 Ibb91 AIR NAVIGATION
'a 'nouIa'
, -lp' ""J-"l'' AGE FACTO A t.*'-llp-as--ep',

-NASA I, l- .1 .. lc.CC,0 I eCL1 I '.i11 -1Ae~-7lc4P 'ela"1 1- ' 1 7

08
P l,0 3 ' .) 2 36 58
,lf lA MOh.VP 70 741 pOO6S N fl 20 35'] "al 41 ,.l ,l ,., r ,,.aJ .

5
e '%.g-~l+
s . a
&t pOL 4 974 1370f,

acsp'oxt•m~.
' -ef-eel'-g 4-.l,',,54'G *0 i• 8O6 Sf4 13799 IAGA8D CI• ilI6102Ž' N'] 2.168.

RO
,IA CF 1291
, l 1.,0 8 4 0 P1.4 a 'as- w- loYl-
w 60
o4 13'.- 7 ' I.- ,

1
.l•aasI.ga'-or~s Of r~o>-O *.e'euop'-,s
o •.' e
.o- .';.' r) olel' 'I Isa'-. e, "-e'll~' ,, a. 4hO0' ,'-Cd'., o lo, " 0.1'3
*0>;;0, , .l'. ; ;)21 47 0

7
Maoe o 53a' 0500
pp. 1."Oo
'*O' 00 N,'4 138.,4 Ic' ,a-
all -I s..I,' S: fo.e-Ho, pl•
0Ž3. r73 .37'

I
AEROSPACE 2 I1ENCES f '•'l
,'e 0
II0"04on IAGARO CP 1161 p0223 N13 2 3689

P'pe ,do5 -. -e:l.oofe'..le

o a
.apoh-'.sPo..-.-s IA A D PI I p00•9• N?
1 Ž30' ,
f-S, .-- . l'Cfl., 'ed.,'',•-
I,".. o o1'a

ol e .ro'c13e,-Io'
.aloO-oce,.e.oue-is'c'Ie- ,e e-.!)'5.•
p.lP'...
,,
.h-,
''"'-a'C , >a....<; .. .. , 1 :,.i i'1.•<

1
IArAA C I Co,-o.'pepp]AGING
I - h0087 P0 3W
II.' tO ''1
N074 136a2',
2Ž314 u-. la'c- C - 0.g ,3 32 .1,017 -

Tr~em$
pp, nlO~tl-o - -AIsAT0NG 0 $ P .. ,.. .--- : . ,..,' ;,023' N73 207'1
4

Ia,''eI4'' 0 • .pel'0- 'eO1'10'l.t03h108.

i h#• .••1_-'P .. C
'o-1'-'olI. 151 , Ž34
i3' #l:l
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o'''l 3' -l

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JJA9 "ARD hCPl 'a , G224
P:;•• I;1051
,'e"," 'alJ• } l• • 2' N73;
,u 23689,;
• '

AjO AR
{A I t• bO%
'.741699 Pe~l e::°1r<;lju•I , " '33• '. " &''' aI - toI•
." I~l•'';fo1III...ea'l'' 'J •I P.p
Co,,a 6518,aPll
&,iO• .'I-..'~l plet+.l
a's'P. ~
0 3 7
LSC7.
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1 74
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''41't: eil'• Nfl 73/';2J2: ),
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: •
31 1

''a•
3l

11,.911.

CAGARD-,'-"'lle 197 1 p 0 . 23227 P 'T' ',- n'f

IAeo'.J -as
e '- ,so- .a" a ' lc'- 'a~c.'-eia . ':Pjleps'i• a-...
II, C, I,,'0' 3,0.1' fI '--a, I.~ '. , .0( . • :.I .I P- • J 'I•: 3.6 ,
1

AEROSPACE SYISCIE S '.0237,, 31,.77

, :.
tle1"0'-I.l~.4e 1'ooo-I'.-&lr~•)u~ lI: pOŽ8IC'
-Ao-'a-'
0 573u.,•t. Ž'994 A c
oh3Ž58217' l[ 0.31
" l O "' Iec '01-u'l' 13.0'hll'
'6 f
1 l l .;'4. -+Ifs "1 -Ill '.
IAGA8OAFF35 71 t elooC
, ,1 11 o4.a, 0'.J9p 7--'ll23 0 A a-.'- '. 1 31'a'-I
AEROSPAC VEHCLE 11,929 g 97 17'235ý cl5--3

JA(Ae' P C' 114Jot0''o"1 l,3p5 11' C? 5,30B C

JIb -d,' 0037M 113h :o ;:. lJ"•lLl) • ) e ;,.j .IIa

0' 8<4~~ ~ '@1~0' - 1693!O- IRFO 'a.'-' 22~1'

,OC 3Ioa

c~~beIP--.
O''1 -1
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1-051 0 0
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a'ops.
I ps-lO l -374 4 "9- A 1a I
JA~aA•0•GRI7.'-soI 111.1",2R'oSI pL,93S'.%7. .N1
,4? .- ,- - -- ,Ji'hl•):,, - - ' h,,-'I+

IA2 'A:0tm "f1.~le 5/ 0Ž99"

'°' " •'e' AIR C[OOLING"' .# :4
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l-02f)'4.'i',1 ' ' P 'o A'-.~ ,Ii.F ,1,1-i
'0-.p..dlaO-QC-1~o "a94 212 111 ',75'4''
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1

IAc,A86 AGD
C'"'-"160O 2j p.196 7.7 22499 • "41 I''nc.-7.7.' 4 '-1251
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I'R SPA 'E A 668881 pC('; 1..' 19" 8 AIR INTAKES 7 io . "I '

/ lA.
AIA TO AIR MISSILES SUBJECT INDEX
A p3I.--*O,o, -dl Icc
-0I oleoo- 01 1. g0o on AIR TPIRANPORITATION Go-0- o' a-o-b-,0 0 .. op-t14l c.so'
n*I1O,00.00 1-11 )"t Ic- gasoubo.
U., -0100O'1 S--,ta.sd1~p~
.- - N.o.*oa - ao ol' I ..hl'cl.alnp..
Ill. o, -o ". p02178N73 23885

.jla0*
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p>0211'.74
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143-31
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- ..0 6 l orn-108400
30-
P 0 9 N71 20360
Sp,e
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oh. 'en 7
p02.
O 9 N 73 23887
.300

P020 1074 14303 -- S-

d10, .o(ea-::
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6ao*:o C~*~
4 - 1 -e
1" 10 pOIa-on 1`0217 NI7L 14273 000clp0 Iloo 2
0' 79 N.73 23888
Alosp..ooln~obA
01
1~c ~c o~'c~o-.oAIR WATER INTERACTIONS
0 4
-!! n.0 1000V0 pceŽ. ocoe
o*.01 10....d-0-10".,55o..
. wi-
0 222 00I10OIO
h004010 of sae p-3?279'.73 23891
1AGARO Al1 J3 p '.74 05349~ 1,0241 N-3 33623 C ".aol ceoopýew 1500 I. Il-gho eno-mng o0
AIR TO AIR MIRSIII 3
M $e8oo~co1=
11oIn.a- Ic a. -O "a i~ AIRSOROPI EQUIPMENT r54 bIE 5100 co .~p)A
3211cN.73 23893

At Or d7oo' p0Ž 2 2 76 82 0 8
p,0lgo 1170 36784 rfo '7 39
AIR TO SURFACE MISSILES 0N cli O1ooon .l.01 'C.
0Ip~, o 1ld00 ong8dco oncnl.4
p'02804 7040
9-dw 12, -,dýea -I o,,g-,, I - Co-I0I 4pnI0280, %73 23896
7
godaI-e of aito.Itc.-dp, l -'o ss-Is p027Z NO722769 1 C 9
908 tI~' pC;I? 472 18085 Sal I.Oa. diala0.s lo
I., -I 9-le at, ns
ON "ICo,o tohaal,,.I0'I 's * 1 019 -fI 1 bcO'00 cI~poI~Ipolgbbc,.ao .- 1 -'d pO?81 N-73 23932
to' locf nda- oI.~ los p0232 '.7320717 0t001 'd - og 000
' 'oo
-0-I-ol
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A IR TR1AFFIC CONTRO 3ý1 p0021 472 106087 Coc:.
*IC'opta h,, I 000po-o'
I D_ h0s~
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ttot., :3,10
9

JACARD CF '01
01.I p00,10,:. 60 ~o~naco0 so.a-baoe'o'. ane ,d -01,1 dann
_bea,, *IP.al 0- p018
AIIICRAFT ACCIIUaNT INVESTIG3ATION
-N70 36780

D0232 1473 23689 103-0 .0121 N472 16088 Ac,..canln--., go-on1. 0 -00- 50100 I'
0 3 2
o 1, 1073 23690 "p.1 of l~o.0e 9<I oop--o91 It 10.- ab.-co data IAGAROc 0- 70 711 0027? N; 234'0
doof1.oet o-n .ctl.nýooc 0 2and .0101 a.-doI.- too 'en0 1'd . .lpen11- _-i`1 .-gaa
9
6.0 n c..o t-oI,,. - sA- ddo., 748
oeip 1g .,.0'I 000 2~~0 p ) 73 239 C019-, 0473 0`1457 1c.ao -1, polo.aoocoancco .I00 _,n
de opQp-
113 N3239c_6
-P1' 0 pO00280421 23417
00looool.Aa"o-woIa. cll, ŽcAfhý
0 1 '0h0'.0". 1t.1 el,0"eo 0'Z 0I . ol a-bŽ' I^3c to0oIo

3. ca~~~~c p~0j32 '.73 236,93

1 nl'p0307 -(--63 931'Anc~~ Sos473c P029 N7 2342
93
0 d4j.01;aoi-3l.
pX '2 71 23428

002132 N.3 23694 n- oewcaioc- pm-64 N73 19038

looogcal@Cd 501 VA'. (OP a-nd((ME SysC~ ILcI:.3c 0033J WI7 23431
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hNP a.Ž.l p N73 2s3695 4PD;-5' 0 0 a" "301" N0730236le8 *.1. sIlo:, bala-do. 0278 0173238
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a00 dac-40 0 a15
2 3 3 . a4 oil'O 1174 18803
label
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N473 23735
AIRCRAFT ACCIOENYS
I 01
f ,-~ - .. .-. c,-oc a -- ao,
5
1, a.-ca a.c.0c
015 A.-ccs Nangalo-. ,:00 00cc 10 P~g
Incclnl p 07D '., I 20369,
pO233 N473 '360 - c;,-lono i.-oo '-pmn 0'g41 P'll l 1o.
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8 :,_"
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0 9
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, 09 '72 19123
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sopolor '.73 23693 AIRBORNE SPAC8RORNdE COMPUTERS
~-nl0oc 0 1. - oelŽ-l.o
1.04 11
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De-o0,0-e p3-233 047323700 oneol e pI- 'e-0 I'o 0.0 0.0,01
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c---110co l0oe-~ga~1d~ 0224 N47323.704 CO' 51,ObtC
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0.10' acdo-oo
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a. I- P..Dols N2 ?Ii p0070 N72 25035
to- o..booo 00 me.1 0234 0473;3705
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p0235 4.7, 23002 1.o'O40-Occ o00c11Ololld'l ,00

Pa.74.8
slo .01
It0cn40 "141c (.01010. 1 . A 0l - o' 04.1 1oc.C
e,; ol0. P'00100110 5111- aa C' 104 a--a a do-"P1-c-nI
0
P 235 N'2 23 03 P0156 0172 2107.0'120 4alL. 00 10

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I.-e.,0 'Ile- Of a-c-c -11- 01~0.
s6 AIRCRAFT APPROACH9 SPACING

O -aI-,Ialo1 -0030
1 C"- Il an1 c a3 5 15N 2 02335U73 2",
p0'23 1c4c3 2y'- A. . ..'-.
c 4l- d,'' palo . C11
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1 .0 .0CO'-a0.3 237.31
A.-~,. 00foocc'c.8 0 -~.*03 '0 ll~~o0 AIRCRAP
A.~ - CARS 886

p0236 ';73 231 - 1,

doa
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4.0 0
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..- t ho
Ic- oa-Il0' 0 AIRCRA 7 OO -NICOOTIOO

A-6
 S UIIJFCT INDF X
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATIONS ''~("~ *(~AA4'
i1,l'1.l..1<

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j-~A'

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.048 1073 27021
r-01-,
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AIRCRAFT DESIGN Aýl', l A.'.1

I13~. I~ll7-1I- la A IF
'.. . IA7 I'2lSl' l u '473240-42
II I
IIOIAA''~l'l %CIAJ
31 ]A A7400(-- )~ oil> s? ' 6060ý paA"e' A" ... A,.rC l ' .'s*l
l1.' 16 all4 ..1 .. 9 -1 -
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ICýg. l0l410111.4 N73 2405'4

41*0 077,
d~ *., I, ;e,.

dl ~ ni3
l" A 2' l-,I', I': I-1-1 171 A' 41 n).'4

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11~41' 2l'p %73
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AIRCRIAFT CONTROL ,.4143 "ý-: a, A'A -- - .- A"'97 I14dI .

IA; 8-1 061 'al'' A'A CA t.'0 I 3"1 COFF A'a,. '
444
o, A' 14141444
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r.D29 N l 234,'
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'70o41 4

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72 2l1
51A l O 72 '7 ''1 '" 134 011 1,.. . I 3

JAGAt V 11(61 pC0138 N ?232 7X. W :! &

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. - C 1ý0'' 510. 4--Il 4)1
a-,:, a* '3'0..I 'lA 1111 A1' 111 41 1.'lC'

U'):~~)Dl 74'139''.1. %740

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'.'3 AIRCRAFT ENGINES

4040 IZ IA'2 4. (h001o~ Pi

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1

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1*1,44)12
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''114)411, 471 1477 I3,01 1' 4 0 '4 'l44 A 4

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A ~~~ lg
02
~ aean'n ~ ipOSA/~ ~ ~ 'asa ~ "-ioI.e' C 5 90'6~ ec'a em. ea'-- .0213 N?13 2 3 70
.~sa
dte.0aIoa eg v. 54 N72 11698 (0 -11 -.-. 1,- 4*f":aaI.t D.e C* '.:a
0-.. saacl:0''-",--i la.d- I

hIt'.- al.--g a.1 1'- *fc-' if! on.) - 0254 N72 11699 0p'- sC0048 N 73 2 1021 W,lPa ii ar... l .. o'a. 0.34 %73 23707

tUI~~~~~h~ a lc'c'p35
11000 /472AA'
I700 1., "a l 5 N73
&,023O 23/'
7 to7Id
Iacdc .J'a( In. r- .I.c .- 'h
-- 1,e -. 1. -. 1,-Itle-Ia- A-,- 1..1 - -.-- -V.- ,,..IICO. (.4 N7) 2370P

I468,- -9 - 7l -~t N? At of -a' C-Ir

'- I
all I1-'
*I-pc A-. ap5',0236 47 3 2371
d.,
P.oq-a'3g sI-a, ole-g. a-',a *~f"Il -0234
e %.73237r09
P,-ban-' pC-263 N~,2 16686 OIel!
0_1_y cl 10_8_
1' .Na le,0.I.~~ Sgr 1'st"I.-hll-l

,.1e'1a
A.--'all IC2! Ve 733 2371
3 5I%.al.:.''

.'t .a-afllp~'-'e'~ a. ~'e ~'O~ -- '' 101.j, hdhiu 4 '6832

N7~-pa) ,0u/S 1/3 217;3
N -
A:.aw s, o1 0., Ic'S
~~~~~p0037
N 72 2701 7
.- d g's-c
ec.eensaIoe)-- :al
Ih
.-
ji-4Oea
. .
5IaOdI*I?.bI
. pIS
"- --nll
N474 2 16 14 08
A.-A isSn 'l
Ill. c/-
'~ch
-11.e-si-
al."l''
Ilaes, d'
l/F'
'Id.
lfI-)

AIRCRAFT FUELS v,0235N)) 23715

a~~~~ sa"p:Al'4c:
nheal.-.spa..*-
vp0065 N73 19350 A.'- a---
1- 1, ./tll--aI
I *-'a 10
o *C--(?( A',.- al~!-a: -l~e o -I-c aMd'-pn-
-'
. ý1 - .-' IA( AQUCP 8,111 -Oý 7c60
1 8 -
"ds " a ..... ;`I2*'' 73 2371
W2
N 32319 A-" pa4 3'
- V~-a " -"4 US a
C.e- 4a--'h- a- -elcola -- all1a
5:e *1jl a a-t. '96$,'s

A-al-s 1o 'da'e:--tae' I I,40 1to1 -P5-l af p ._ga

Jh)3 % 3 24048 ' 103'-

.0 7 ;73711
A-al,,-C! a.-pU~ --.a-c4 b, a-'' . , '11><O-. . -I_ 1 1e-,. A- -A" , '
1
p.-l.4ldC '4l .- ne a.al.,Il .- la I " e -I I-. ' N. .702l,
32372-
A-a'-, I'-,a.cj e'-'a, -Ct -IMU'-- a a AIRCAAFT HAZARDS
IC:lpa-.A j-?>~ ;''-A 47; '683 a? a~'a c a

-,al pall )2 '45 'Z 5 a

47. 1151-', j - I

pi,!hnl.'h~sastIcad~l~s 'd p072N 110 l~t- ~-~' ',-l 168-I

.'2"dec-7c4143555 I'-j- C.d: N'l"
7.I~st..9.
I"25 ý,168 17e
lei aed I.Inal ""c t," a- 'le -. I (a--Cc 3-tf'-
S7~ 16, A A 'AA ,(-'pclST -I
h-C ;h t. -W p 18 '474 14 1 e . . e . - - il7a
a-tA
Ptooarla.cta.ua'e.3h lt l(ci l naýa a. IAel ?11A T '' N?2184
"Sst~lIa"p04 c1'- ;r-'' 537 VLee..
.)cP'3A '' 5

~
IcI",lag, ~ 5
'--I ~ '' ~ ~ A;A
IsIA-&5r -C-I5'':dlc
0
217 NT 162
: 'ySAIR - e:COIII~eNT'I

a -,

It,- lha. lo.e~ AA-PODi- ý M~et j 4 000

4 1/ 44'1 p075 IA(;40$ CP 961 %- 2 '
0, Alao.phel. Poll': 1, A.-'a
: Eo, -cI -u. AIC AF,"ID
l~' - 4' --. O a' Cc4.,1 a 1d ~a .''i 1.1-
a'
IAGAID~~~~~~~~~~AlA 631
JA02'N7
ld136
54
I O
t-
realI
eC?
tol
-l -' '"laC-'"
p0634 N72 '19)6
1 a
a-I laIa
.oj1!7
'-c co dl.~ ~- - -!-
2. 3
AIRCRAFT EQ UIPMENT Iap a 0c 'a Iv e-c.
Q--,d'-cI-'aca c-Icp'a'l ~',-
*di(4.sSusa,~c pc IS /2 1161 N,,172
22624
-Scca'c
I 'a U'tI".IC-.A5- IAGAIOC$PMAPI' 1'so: c.0 N1, 212 I1
a--l-aoa-t--a-. d -dt.(-Ca,
I' a
J.- 0I -a: -a.~.-cc o-a -p -l cI' '- a'
a;,0

.1 0-alS-C p0125S 572 21637 0 ''s a' p156 N157 2 12 'C~a'-'a-tI--p.

ýa 2A"'''
2 t. Ol a-let - ho
lC-Ca~pl95 5115S
57] CI' 0' .. a:-.s-l - i--s'- co.'-tl ap-Aa
cl -e Ca, sn '0 :'- s c--e n "'
- 1-"* -g (I p.. ...... l... 17 2 2
D2I5
A')
l-I, '-Ilatn. %73d". :.S,'8."4 -dI
ldt- tI. c C' Al - p pa-t 12 2d;5C
(
p1.,'-F' 2 P1 'c-I ,7 % al eco. '0l,-C.1'",.a--
p 'aaa0 -- '.t' --
"d"0''e-
l-'.-.al-.
,'e2--cd aI
a-'-
-a. -
47al 11,7"263

0 -- 511722121-

117
1008 IN IA I: I, letJ als I'.dl -. ",c-IS l

.411
a a aa ' l-.- - d eF P'- A
;-aa l- . -lI - -t a
C t- a
'I . -' - ;'ta I ac o l
l aSI . al a e f l a. l 4 ' - . l

0'6a I.9)I p: 15 15 '1 ...71'Ja3l3 7a

"-P'-"e-a~~~~~~
-Ca e:,- 0ca.
I 'C a-~.d.I IS I. ~ ~ ,~. . Md -'
-Il' 16'-ý I
a,.' AAd,-

', -altN7 -6`11- 1.

P a-1 ''a'
2- M 0 1 "9~ I
N;,00

4 - I-- C 3' i 2-3 l. -. 2~5 i 721 21' I

12-1. 'a1- i 1a W' 16 1. AIC A F N IN
.al-l.C1 .I' -l a- a -a
''ad - - - --
JI1.
A'I 8l 1I,
 SUBJECT INDEX AIRCRAF1 PILOTS
t
Phi.I a a~s.,as<0d pe.Io,'--.aae
'1..rig acoc',soO J~ '4044.c%
'not. in'-ag
0
p ?
2 6
l:'a-aa eis
N)? 22643
P',.c•sa.s
at..,ses d~la
-I1 cole
a-s.i_%.a-'
sc-e.€on
•i1a *:
"1
a--".l
at).-"
I |n hl
ad, ac--elI
lest r,.'
-. ,
M.e~hoa 1,is'
M.MCCof utto,!•
sII.I.i.--j
d, . la'lda,
ri, p-s t .u-. a]• . I e'p
a--sa l cp.e-si-.-q .s....
~ ,
'

P e 5. C Ii-.fs~lOiata-a ". ba' 544' Sa -.

i'i, oa a't• a i-'aa it' 'es'lls s'=' a "'a la'J•-so?? r-cdes •-3053 %7324044
*eis-j '- ",c,8's o.,,' -7
" 9 d 'd .. o Ho
V0039 %72 3?203
iAGARO
F '
F,
CP 851
l p-ol -a:' -.1 't"
g dl
,0034 F.'2 20976
'-slO" teal..,-c t'. "&';it~tt
Oa.tlap,--e--
0-1
0' '-t00
s.-l p,':-':,
0
to 4'ti
ei Ic
! 04 *".'t Ii gr>
ts etlecls,' e..es-
Iarl.g't as+.. ls si a.' I. dla c a.aa ,,}1.:•
l d. -ll'7;"" Bo--.i 747 a-s-at £0034 N?2 20'1)'.- a A . NY'
S*:. a, oaa•.•¢ecsv,oqaioi*.,,seetoctati Ii'-;, .81I.a.e, Matht•'ti.,' -o•'3e to' dete a- ,. o1 Ol'Ir n-fto- a e 5
-- "O 0aae-i0.asii y' ~l Cd
.a 0- -stto...r ..3,3 :Od -alt- I., N2, At -- ao, z. _W)1)
i l,.t 1 ,'c' -i. re i 0 % ce
P0040f~a
ti•IgIt. , VIOLa ' 00 31 v0035 N?? 2098t
NY cNY?o.50
.dMode'
'2,'e1
s
scale 0
0 53 873 24046
AD. AMt~
I&COS sal dM1.44',,. Sl" ar'l a-ol -01
-i5 N' ,tl
*' 80Al5;pt6 %873 F19439 Lt,. 1 !
Oeaemoltnl~i 0' t1,9ti -• ;0 s0 0 ,asat
ei 1 N13 ?4041'
* te i .ai.-. of1 •.00
d'Ch Ao
s.is po(le n246 143 21 j~l . iO*.iC Sd . " ,•--e i5 '.- 7')? 2ae
)S~ t".185 dose ''so
0aet's-t
l~il-e-p, S CO
a Pd
e -f mf
s~'s' l..' I, oia~-iJ'-dtel
,ec.l. 4.-eiotl is .6ut

Aad41s5.1 O %C1
l "fl0' 501 9J assM
3P'lJ"' r 1 ---
i,' F'Igattt e iei ne 'o.saL
1otstO :id'csI 't¢:PIc-
:;pt'dih5 lon d "dltb 1C14 i005+ ot) 24051
4
9" d'-" S.e
al7-'*a 0'+ 5C7.'.5i0 01,-a.i *lt Co,,:-.i.1 3'-c'.,,a d",.e-0 0036WN2 20988 Ni.c-.a:a ,aian.. t si--t.i,,,,. 1,a. al..b-.-ip,% .+e.da't-
p',tasdu-e to' "0
'+ot-a d 10 .+ -, 4 p023?I N?) 23703 F! gitl 1e$1 Pt'- edarea a-.
6
lei',',.og tain.Og '4045.1 do a
ld tt o-, la s sieb.-
I pi0o~eule~ I0,
0
ta.'Id •n."

* neatlipna C " 0•. 7

['01 .~ a--a_ ,aia 1 5 % %el
od t+I ri+: ol "''I'td'• as+1h t-',3I06 Nt? 20989 +.i-c hal p0 '_ 873 7405?
tll~,.oaaa to ti-'..-tid' Ci'e.il 01 'n-li.Pbit 'ri-a.. O~it"l dtp, P +fti " o+. at• 'a'. '4• stdto!-'0 5.: Oesopel o .~enoi a o-i- s .agla.l
Icl Ia :peis.m'. l.
1
'"% p0? 4 Ps'3 237• 'I'''"+ll't+
-- • 'sit .e+l'ta isa e - -ii•utl+'s
'ie ltt.e•a', dial io-ima: 00', .- 111 1 le''l
e, -I. , .. ..,., 03 .72 20912 ,. . o .l00. 3 Y3 240
1 023. 1N?3 2'3"703 I') Y.' o 1• -," 1. 1l 19 Av b 1, ald fl.(z m- DIrel lo.Niv -- .

iACA00 dp iiO6 r0078 NY2 209'

I a •.d : a] t-l- • ''- ,,'a- a.ud)it ope~ ,si"", ae-i-"'45-+.i-,lee .n -+,at i. .di e
0-+
17ih - W-o'd-t I00381 . ".... N2 32018 1I I a''- .4 dli ,050"ni "ec
_"
, ea?

) ...
.7.07 l - - - - Ca, al -. a-'e..- IiiAiiO• 21 .'L 'I 3

PIng '"klt
.ae'?+ "tiaP+% id .o'e' --
2
i-a''2"• .- s. 'a+,•' ,'.''a-a It! c00l8NJ2 ],I9
5
C
e .t Oh:? la.t:o-.-- . 0 -id aIo ~"-.a-',
t
teeil.:r. a-i+ ''a'J+, lt J''-a- I ?e:125
6 j< 1,: +. ,• , .: ... , t0C38
: 3 N??
? '20,''o
2 7
........ i G
fla L +
It, •8 -. aco•' a.'S .a'0 'e.J .1.~*o
•, • • 3U O
7 9 .'3'
A.'•' . t:,L. .T.a•,~ I'd
l.3,l~ 'US''5
o l., - .z - '' :• 0 . o. - :J,dt, idl a i st, -'
n,s 100lK id'la'.V" la 'ale-itie.o'.'•

,h.. 4:,s'i:
.. a-.- i-(')8 a-c ' I003ii.i
A$a' ."a*icl-sa " 14-a-a ...
422 32 "''9 .J a2-' .1 84 . .(7 -. 1"324
"1?. 0'5,
Ž,CM'
i C t ' - - r- -" ' -

t iav .+ -'1.-tta'-7 ~ ll'*JL +lll+l•l;I+"•r c- i 0l)19' ? .at72 f ; ' a' a, .. '(L84

1+-.' +.i
.J.,a • Sti:.

0234 % 2i'07 t;a.I I' I '- '.

,-' ~.
•eve',&r-I ~ ~~ ~
, - (.. ~
.•:•••% ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ' ''
a
: .. .'2
.. iXr,•; 14q 4(' X .4
'.7-
+: ?

) e-a..
e--c+. a-t +I
a--a . . ?+r•+: P J'++I+. _I 2.18%.'UP.
'. "32i 3 .. ... ''a., . :: . +? : ? : .
, , .309
Ni 32- 8
- -- .Iat-ta--ill.
i %1., ,;,• --- ',ia •? + ..- i.5,:A,,- 'i'7a '?•
I lQ ,'073279" r:
1-q, 1 I -Wa
- 1 4 -l . ""'i .... I- ( - - ' AI- . ..- I.3 - -- , d 4-

0
AiRCRAFT
..4A1"4.E,-P4ANC...E +{ +:. ' t-'-0id,:, -- a IJ+l.I. +AI+ ,I'1+.:Re: 4 0

a5a c '..ap
" 7.J
: ) 1 ,, . % { % %$ ;. 2 •1•
48 Ni-ia 0 ,• Ie p:i j%
,t
- 0 I '40,.-
d - '3e
.a• : .A - ll J'44 1.
77?
7)2

AIRCRAFT MODELS 0t aS io...e :0 W 32i-' AI%- a- ai

"" -' :1- , '' .. r , 'I." + ,.'; + : .'. .• -;Ia-,..: ea-, 8T-9 di l ite
u,+ -. ml,
lX+,Ac'.i .:I'8 ---
L'"I ''S' 8. 3. '',
.? - .S .0 35 i e'4 ' /.:

'ow *J I* +• • .n • '• ' '+ "a"" a+. II. ,a-I:• .: -, I 381.-

' ,4 1,771.

II'-f
• 11 C I' '' '9 " ; ' " =4"" ;1"7 " q AIACRAf, OiLOTS

..-la ir - i I', - AP-a R-.

i-i
AIRCRAFT M|PODELS N~i .,r," 'il4 " I1• • P' % '+Q -
":i' l I" -Id .• ,# .)

0 a-.•
-ll -. - IF'* v J -I:.*p- .
NG.ofrVICE'S. . + ,p. . • 2 I, ?i . * ., . . + % .. j % i ., . P - • .- •I'Ca'c-a
- - I'" '
rI.. l- tl' r, ' - ;'e I

::
A IA
,-,Ki,;1.:R
- -I%1
..-.-
''- -.,'A"
M4"NC.'1
-
'' s . xl i'i't1' ' '.1
-]: Iii{ l+ • ~ iP•
t
1 " 'K'
4+*
1•?1 ,A,'•'' i I/ }+ , .,; . .•f; ,~ r+ + 4 •. A"
I l -;'"I I '
,T t" . 1 J 4 l ' .. i. ...

. jel I., a
1 " f .l ,j, . i .* . . . I 'I pi , J , • + I Ii+ o
r : iI I .' • + , I"' • P :a " i:m

"", . .-. ,. ...

'.. .

4 3. . .. • ,A . - , . ' F
F NOISE
,+'I:RA : ;+ : , ; +. . . , . .. . .. . .. . . . ..
, ., , - • + .i '.: ;'•, • i.+i~~~~~, .- - . , . - - ..... • + ; 1 "
A41

- AIR ,l 1. 1• A • S, + _ .+-
 AIRCRAFT PAODUCTION SUB JECT INDXLXI
AIRCRAFT PSODlUCTIONIIadncaalns~sl 660 1 601 aeo-
e.i9 aaia Des-op0-1o o1 picl-a. -In. pad-c in tgiq ll
Nnnd.sro . It.s.,,s pW..d In-o oftll -OI~O a.d
cI*.
.- I-nn 11. h, lttiitO -dilcllllrl.t -- slo-iil
.1cia
. bae iIstli i
9
Ii..
-d fbo-o'n-o.
1 p02§O N72 24936 hocts pioo0.0.-, lod Id. *a~siiohsls~
AGAR1,A0 i i4s.soo 1913 col.. o AGARO A 177 FT 21 p0065 673 27906 JAGARO LS 621 pG-41 ;73 2992.

e.,a l tooginI-e iles- 'eqoiM-l~ d a' educd on a I -. .1 ipo --iih DOW2 N 74 14727 1 i1lo clrenic1piOvt1ge.o.
Ild.ltItli -ii
cotI. 1030. N74 21610 * pli ttnls I.il . ati.-~d. i-i,0l-no -I-miic 'e-d 4'1tie M o0294 673 29926

RtAi-1, emi .- I hoi,-0. t

1 soae ~oi. n SAI g -bu oorl scrsoi . p0294 673 29927
in -at Rn .ci0
010,e 0305 674 I2161-7f -'I, :

0 0 0 0
1 I74 .oil p IIeed.. '7743 'hd pt00410 674 19475S
ARRA TRI UAL.IiTnI1 sm eiophspsltoe-I. sn TU ESIVABtl
AIRCRAFT
; '.tne STRU " I 1t I.TYtsaesdc.
Lc es ne

~
AIRCRAFT ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~SAFE~T1poots77s42
~~ llt~ o -il.~c.al
pO -1p
0 6
7 73
Aorsc
9y" 21iI' 11911' 11t 735el 19$ C0F p04C ANnl3- g)0211 214aipi0t.7~

0 0
1AGAR) C- 476 VO 31 0?671
X 47523 1N HI,-p. d.nns.,.onel
ohe,iilniec 011 obl!oc 1.1-2.00867 1.-t-ki 73
Onpoa1..d stto. too. In'- is-p h~t -t..c l ,"-.1 In toml.t 0~. oeI-9h,nt
i SA I n dI ao
S.ROFILI.ES,
or AIFI ..
It-.d lottina s'c iis t~Otl 74h177e43 e-.nille is4-lP 01 oe15tlc 147212242

tC .tied
oa10o1 -~~ll1rlis1 i72 i A9,R, 4 8071 001 Nil22 110(1. hI- 'vs.edl rsiRoi o1 N74c-n
oOsit

hg PO 029 Is?. 230 23 CA

- pav e!.0 -c d .i o e o eo . n, o fnso - can s abi -ijo.
an io or; e.cGpj- pO S I 673 23.45
""d
AIRCRAFT peilonlano 4-npl.tpo~l ..
P'sll IOi Ofb
1*rIopi-W Inib.iRd i AIRFOILS44 17

7
*AAO P7 7iph1np00470N7lel23 A10.RO, s 87- 71)-p01 aI ' ?? 1964
w,11040.13 0028 N7l 20732
4
AGAPOl-stAR
48) 9,c- .'p" p.30 ' - -dl ;omuio
I30lf1 -i~ bI. .00 reF Ildt l 41- 1 1 1ti~ Vtet-0a1 ll 0!eticsh tthaielN tct0 044 **m0~i
"Fi
Ssioninie0
aoiy
sp I:.
b ased o"&ýQ
aPa.t2o
ls
IA~~
1.Ie ~I.o 0 1.1
Raiait.00 t-i
-dac '
Ii
2n3t-s-- illhis. tit
S to-
ii Il0it 1
.d -ayl
28 67 219061
.9 htii-n . I la' .oa t'-aI
I.1tmlr *do)
AIR OIL P-cOF'ILES cc mcllala
8- N74 7 73
l* s

AIRCRAFT o-, 1.!

hFCFCAIN 45 JAGARO AG '0 1 00290W-6712
- 2 291$ 9, . .iioi -- p.- Id 4-2
- 1:

S .. 0-~ w - ll. "fl tI. -0

IDWi'.4ith Iw 1-1-- I-pb- c wliO - 1.. AIRFOILn$
Aotlt~toi~tsdi-.odna~~mrn C'-a.e 1.4 7~gol.ol..g
N7n 232. A.dct-- n ts..t''Ii Ito.*
espe i9ii4heeop
9t,eplo -le l
I1440 rtntol eicel
P~nlicl~noltI~ 1 939si
0
S-.,S 672 2969 Mnaol-g * ll-o., Ovola fi2 ' iQ. S2oe
c-p0066t- f - 27Cr
P7 p~-ý- 1 -id' til tpi-,ic c, al, -ncd~- c-,A 673 '6006.ý
h9

925I" 8. s`1I.S01 673 16004 -19

1
.1Ih'oe.r-,0
lp..Io ln.40 n 01 41 s 7 9. N7 29.1 -',minto.fill ss.eh
deolcmi. s-ho Iaii -
AIRCRAF
STABLIT 217,~,RO1R1902 10 N73 '6496 lie49~l'iO l. 11ig
1nlos rtlsi-
and colc-61
1l1-iml 4. 5 li A-51064 i
A10 In eslsh
01go Ie.1 140 It hyorl 0? .1tii7
..11'on

s4im.hcif :72980'
N03 O(1) 673,
42 231 c~-1o -o689 talnif
ol' - oIa.. ch.-a" 1 : 1i1.
A042y.,st oI f C-lo-s cisln ie..a- -1 tooligIond c.9 :it il'tllsIinaln
-h.1.cto -I -41im p3-6 ld21
Itire snIt''hd--
teAR.s- Clini 0'i 9 It1tdonnlel ee -. ftedon -~0 yrililn ~h
4p'oO..c
V.9"~4 I.,n ~ ' 4 e iat inmi- 0)278
-f.1.- prIg 7N73 220062

.- Ibts hlb gpe, I0.- -w'10. -ltt1-1s Iri I., 0..1 101 '-si 0lQ~ tnn scamle- pdm-omli1..a'ge o N73
linc .-i
Cshai
lb p
go4im4 800.0sp1.ac i"'aiil - 10 P~ I.. 1ooi,7
"' -d c, 0I tett, ol54i4r itee
I.,i i o 0-4 0 o.. isp f2 1. pe
pOCtO N672 32039 09 7 69 hoelmroe.i.6~lI
1.4 -1-i-~cic-e .9 4.10.1,
112 4l720. -I
A 1.;
f ! -;I.. . _ -1pt-n-
1.n - "0'2 278 .7 AI :RA. iAL6 :-ATS2
llhi.ol n i r16,-9,Ia.-or0 -pIh>Idinli Oct t"l 0i-I i-v- c05lisiVn~lts-i- Olo -i;oi-I0-- iI..1.lmeql
coimnsall
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001al sloini~lod,
63)p00)40
0141,1o lant0
0
N7237102:36
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p0 ? ll)2749
sani
'o'.t~i-iii-l~coitmrs:-i-isse.l
Ils -
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i11(O...COlýliaI4.-345itp4 ~llell*,
SemiI a'sa- ad10111s~nmal
I- f f-l 01 I'.ii i iliiJ n hei ,5~4.-4 '6.is -9.40 1.731 .20,~ 21035Z
1 2 2
soso 'a-~~~~~~~~~s .ndaentdla .-. a....no. nel p0 1 1- 67) 2 7-49 A.,s.ois~o
l . ,d 1 -.0 sio ni 2 6
)A75A.1- 4804 -8- 1032I,
25i~ .iit.slirn .ro.~ - 610 1. .9,,ma
-io d-.95- i .P?'7
aahshi dn
)A;A)( 11
t I i- 1a-il i
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.0a0 ~ n'Itl -1 1 i-i
11301
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90 0.,11
iti*
-s4.i
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1.mne1 sIp is
tr- 109012
.,12 1 071
i0
7151t
tsislenoin de~-iti1lhoii. norcoi-
!lei~in-.sh-
bes3-.O.so I 37038el
--. i
-Ap lIt auntr 034 4s~it~l 14720~sP

[ArA: l" 931_1.,Wr43 4 3 1A2 c .-I oi .13-i... 9 h, - -aIw I - .I rc'... I.-

9
5i s- n-1- p00441..14 Ill ci121t3
.6A .- t 57 71 -m7id-
1 asvi:
p-s--l1e- *l 2i-i,4A-
:1d li i P-1lt~t..i N7 2791 tol 0se
0217 a 9691.
..
WARD.......... 1......d ... ..... I, lnimin MF.71n-it~ 2t0l..eolliei,
44.e

A IDAIA 93hs-nelsl i ll;

:, D e qS4 a e tiiv c I. 12
13410 Se "4,g2.. A iA l I K J i ' 74 12 104

IAIlonsi .iCP11ill1"1
11 in l-s l.n -. As--ýlII....
a..fnligN73al
.... p01466 1 l'0 671 '9 27.21 '4 211

- tS 1`1729W. -. 1 41
SuBJFC CJ N!f. ANTENNA RAD.AT(ON PATTERNS

ALERTNESS I "'a"a .
AIRFRAMES

II '0- II. a..-.a..

-- 1) . ., ALGORITHMS -legI18'."?? .921

.tt-7,2o.N:e'.-.I9e'.1...J.91'

AuS '/'
ARC- '7

. . ...... C'2' 3 "

IV. . 04>41....
L.a-' *.i1$ N IlS'-A9.
Jý A C L"~

41591! 1)1 AA.E .I'54108 .. C3 IT

to04 2992)

5 * l*ýa' '~ x 'a ..- I'"I.

13-9 _ A . I
JAIIAý. ' anal
,97

a l9,'
A ). a'
" 1
ALMIUM COATENS

'I98
AR AVIATONALMPINUIERS
AltWETHE UNO

AMP AN
'43
07AJN2 1 NSI
A" G0MISAIUO

LP'.A ''SOU'I I' ANGIO API4

I- '

AILWA " HEA' IR NNAVIGATCIOERNI

ALTEENATINI'
CURRENTf1O '. * ~ '-'. t*

I
. . . . 4 . . . ..
A .A. V. .- A . . .
"IA"i' ALIITIU(TOERNC

I,'.

' I,. , .. ....

... WN .-

-I 'ANN.ULAFI FCELOW ATO

ALUMNAINUM AllRRENT

A G I.
L , fP ,8-.. T. I
, -. . . . ..
I. I
At ".4 Tiut,

AIRIIS,,
-R- - - IO- -S . .
- - - - - - - - - -
I
- 'I
ll
1 ! 4 ;A
a ANTMROPOMETR'"
t
SUMJECT INDEX
lolvc.to mAd,,.bair anl1-i -yetad -or ARCTIC ACQIOIES Edge detctn lg, ttm -nc 0mo~cdFe
ton.
to' *, lt
Itm ~ o'od-ic-o ~
liidi-Mch -0 'dalgo
Aoeg McZM of Aipl
A,,t
onoUobai p0128 N477 21123 Ie-tio
ol non At o
nt-c~lnIi~ o omo.poil
0 2
patl._ 000cetnsce aoiO-
tOoi-I .nd .oi.isl0 1 2-..6I .. 15 1472 11 186
pCld) 1472 19501 p NeT2 2112t Method 1.- a .cg.te-
-o 9- en. le', toid
Te-.I.t'- Acd i -io
Agti~n
-ei -son
j-~a -c (Kmoh l aof -0"!spt.- ct.del" 'c
o .g t.le
-4 tento I bctbyI...' ... 'tc IIje
1
CI'.al.
p094 N472 1951l' AGARDAR 33 00 47213 -o' etcehigeI,'tdog cce'ae
isK.-Cose '".IIn''g-,
1'S1A
p0130iN72c22136i'W "'.e...
'do-i-iI-on~c'
hi" ag-ion p~io143 023 AREA IcAVIOATSON Od e~t~IOlto .a.le.A 'ec~gr..lo anAd Ai-~I=
'ctn'
oiotocto cat c..eo..clo. it'A Io'iI olt- comleety end cockpi otoihpi AR3I'JFICIAL SATSELLITES to lu ' itei
p04 I 15 0233'1473 23697 Oect"tn 01tttS
I'd.oorP0141 -474 Ii> laot-tjtalniaeengtonPtile' ' c .ad A9 WKSeeoeeolI-l
ANTMR OPOME7RY W.,dcei. toe el- A1101s Ac1cc-1 1N7 99
Airi-t01-.-1ti ando-ed., Ac ecie-- - . 1 001233 1413 231498 Cpn. 1,- 010. 1472 1949

ln~' P~t le oe-"epiolfsoin'ct0 ttap0234 1473 2371 "ace n ' ar

tAlt: aett128 t 142 273
pO0104 14-3 2?-M6 ARMIED FORICES Apotit-' a ofilil.-ii tate .- os o' daell ns'oi'
ANTSIRICTIOPI BEARINeGS Steese. cod .ieptil c- pio.cm .ecit
!hmtt
tI.". cne--.c.,o- foni co. -ti telc oltd see-
Oooetogmer at ep. lte Fi,11114t I-t .cto Pll ~ me""g
20695
I0 t,4 long'cog. -D 'i 1"S-gto 1-1t H-ia 1-00, diP-e p0234 1473 23709
to'd'ec~e-etotlcpipO229 NY7; mn.P006 9 let 20360 ASPECT RATIO
ANITIRAIT ARMED FORICES IFOR1EIGhe isnc.in
N~a~e
t'e c-esii-' 'dpeotn
4A, . doin Ocogeo c4,oplnid R~E ~ek
t *n 'Ices- 1.01 .d Leiidi~-i
I".nolllsraioiit
.
ol Soep ad i10eot
..
1bae
Slo.
0 16
cAl it n itna cas Acoti
-it atto' 0 CAnadico A-4 oil ,
Po't "eini. Itt -cl
.1""P0 1472 11886q
pýIt04 %51219-54 .0092 %7' 221tt ASTHMA
ANTISUSOMARINE W1411A .1AR C, igtetiaoi
0 0 Al.'n
AMaa~on -'-t
"'Sin~t~ci-
"t o fl' oert'-cet "008S N24 t3792
ln~atnn
ot>.'ed hnsm. iinii.J 4"t~ 1 c, ty'-J e-, it--c- p 06 N72 1"79 A7ONAVI0ATION

st iii "'eas
."e -.... , .. -it l . -prieii e.1-4
-1 'et'ln A' Feotlin 0'309,'
O 14e p0192 N72 19495
to(cieto'noepsiti1.1'- in .-toa n -ot c09 42 098 ASY'VMMETRY
p000b9 141 2016t t* - ,ai-ti 0'
lce 104-adt- toi i. 0
adt
0
i Co-e.."-,tr: 0 I-, 4 -.
'- aid il'iii
.ctit lo

A POLLO SPA CECRA FT Ic n ' ' (i-e .l A" , F.-p 09% 1412 1,4'0'93
'P01 .1d A l.-.1 " 0 laii--- l. s lio -. 0 ,67 N47216716
ltt i'ii AtAC.t - - O- e- "p-,-ct
0~cii'ilol -ooAt ,ecaid-oci p--gie` 10 11det--c ASYMPTOTIC ME THODS
0:t718 78 1 9-1 . _-l ito-'.-
A i, -' .0047,. N72i1rp1i02
c - ple . -~' .- s t -. - j-ii' oI, cl-0 -ti i
Si0O5TACK .a.a- -s-nic At-I to Ic'
*tod, i y tea, cieto'64c c'l oi-an A'- ;0".r 009 7 pOQlO NYit 29348
con-
dtC.."hig'- "o,'.'t
Ai cOe-lp- p 1472 14t03 AT!'LEIfES
c
!iIi
I.-0- 010)s
.. tst'
A.g'0 ttlnaai aal cll' , ,n' bli4 Ic- o.'a Coa tna cc
0 ati't doig- - otii 11ee1- - i
p(-831N13 23%? -II62i4(n--- A' lilcot, pWOl 1472 1at10e 0070 NY7t20366
onisl.ie~~coei
APF' ICATIOUiS OF MATHEMATICS bai - oi'-nm- -togillns-Ge-n'- ATLANTIC OCEAN
e .'i
1-ni.'g tcl'.l 't'mi- Aii. a- 11ncool, p029? 1472 14107 Toil. we-ci c-n.A. ot ,- .cns'e-
- ' pIepviit0
'' o-,i
t-i :." ~ e iinicnl
"p)'4 1-.i
41t 232.') A"
0hh'-ic
c..
' es-- c
4
ocigpc.e eo
,009! 1472 41C
Ice None Atianti-eo
0600R AG 16j1 p018? N473 223W.
APPROACH ~-c-~ -tto ni~o -g -i ;.ot- 4 'ac-nA- ATMOSPR46AIC ATYE iLIATIONi
S~l
' tO'i"c-o'4 sate, - lir- iic 0 o 172?cl 409 C-iei- citnbp -- dd- i 1 .end-al-

Ip'w.. Oi* I.-n 0 ci-1'

.0034
It .
t

-en
143
Pt-
A~.i i i- A.,gto-a
I late's p
0
-'. p
0 9
8 1477 16110o
u
lo 0e CO,10171,pt 17 62
.' A- hot.-i -. giirln
9-i .e: oGo9 Mlil :iti -- ;Coam 1'd inl
-
i.-t-alcei i-d-ii p0224 57 232
74613Zou Fc 0098 N IS72 by -a' t 1t40 1473 26722
1

0 2
u 2s 1472 226)1 .inc7n -at'~t p0 1473
?Nh-
) 7'g
) P.ota'oscie.
A, t~nt.aoitde
!h,oi

-li . Aiirii
1- -0-n
-5- -e-
Ii Ilitlt~itos~i
ta----o. I ' Ii- oc
as,
_A!et 00'lo.iirn 01 hccti -npc-
00
0
77

iiIi-,#~ 1473 19072

A-rn
Meoaic
o Oiln t'c.. et
915 -I 34 U1l
~ olcc
al' p
n-
i
t ilc
logo
0o S Ps72 2260ý 14311 -c nl'lic--p19 '(nIA ''74 03870
Oi-3at-a-le - tdig t'-d 147 2264 o E -j 0- 00:00I'c si-knot
"o" NY 'c' oi -
'6A.1 AViERo-o nloclc
ItetI.toj-fi" tot-- joici I-i9 115pldi 73 210993
Nimc pti-'
v;,i'-e 14136
ihi- aI' ...... . at, a-- Itali t , Sot, I. il-o1 t-tc diI t0IoBlgia
of A-
A i: i---IcgOoliii a....
tnof
A. pii ir l il

'7t144
N I 7 73') ARMIL 00770
FO CE UNITED STATtEEl l 1c
ti- .Oi~~
-4 loii-'a'adln
APPROA CH CONTRO o1 tA to -- I I'.--
.........
il ... !2> 14N4I 722
1ii loi
Silta--I. sa'-t t.1.0sl-etpiold'cnet ATMO.P~fIRIC CHEMIbTRT

a ti n- e'-c. 'I P0"1

V -un- A, t' ..--- pi i oatn- losenoU (P ;251 t,0217 1474 '41.t
7
tfY/9
15-it to5''al
i-I234n ltoel-C-in'nign--cci
I J21?14 4 1427,

0~
4

totilennl .- 0 ~~-4 ~ ~04172

~ iNtn<ii-t C l4091, 0
,i Iioiil -12714"4 1;- 173
-lilios-.- -Io. I - - l. - Arci;.irc i02I 147 1427
ct ..... .'- ......
it-- i -~5 I a. -eo.
4
-4'--.'~
.ltn3-e 'nto -. cI li-I I- I- Bi-ol6h ( ott17
Noo l4loG 5.itpe- onnt'2) 4447

A-tAl-, ' ,;Ai- li'i i n n Ci-i1036-4211 l ill-lode-

!t ,oio-csiIdca .C218 '.?A 14277

0 9
10.400 AR 5t ti ' -- 1471 1S.39 i4 IT tA lc)> a .- o p o d~ -s
nt K-l~it 1
I sl -p nc
APPRIOACH INDI1CATORSI - - -I'cl'i~i t-~o -- cc e o,12
1-' .- ,ltI18 NT4 142 79
ti i- aii.iO
ilO .I pl--r - - o - oe
'IN-' IA hia-Ielio ,Al',714 14282
.01C?2C-
,.'A 31) 7 23A2t nipn e p,0K) 1473 19073 ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
APOROOOIMATIO ARMOR tat-
a'
Aaln w In
Ao.: "Q.tn. - A .- l iA. in

i-I- s-n-
lI'. a it--l7i1
"4 J 1d 19164 >0021721`14141 Po',ttpisni,--i ei,.in jtln
4 /3 4di,
Atdn-i'>-n
i-l--ii-iiii~-ii ARROWWINIOs"11 nio--t-in -d.~nioei
,oi-

-A tO'?
At, A7 .... .....- ~i ni.r' a . i 0>17 7 7
'to-'-~~~a
P2e)'~' e- 4: epo.iii ot -- 7o2 117
i
ill".".. - ,'iI--
A.22 -
"Ir :8 IUAEOI ion75a cc oelipi--til-i-c

APTITUDE .. .. -n..n..t -l -_ ' - ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSI TION

o11citii t-1 1'7 '6101
A 34---

AOUEOUS SOLUTIOS-
ItI
9
i..'~
--
e a
- ---
tr-ii
~.p~ )
c.
'-
-p~i
5)tl'
-5'Ilt'99171494
i~.a- ~ - - ~ -
j;n '9
i

----- I-~-------.n------ -------- c--n--- i-i.1.l--si--i.-itc I,t

 AUOA c TO

l,~.q Fe... i>; '8 %74 142874 1 e. "-~ ~ TAKMCA

IA...t..''4P ' ..j.l-.-o-,i-.loltmlt .,ai 0 *o-.*t.4

T1353 0

l4I'8'i--
8Ol954
"74 1A ft
ATTEU ATION
i .02'?11 ' 0o-'..1po-e'~. t.'tsioio
ATMOSPHERIC OENSITY A
(I14 '46
II.

~~~G)?O~~47 62'6' 1392?3.02

ATMSPHRICGiPUSIN
AT MO S P HE RI C D I F F U S I O
' Z,0't 1.9
52 . 4 3
... , a'(6'2 041'
. 0 5 ' ~
2 3 2
ATTITUDE 4IIPCiNATIONiI
' ' ' - 3. i9 l 4 90 ~ 13
8
Yi 14160 )
N ]

ATMOSPHERIC MODESLIA 11
Nild
~i v'
4fl'.
4C 9
''I"U a.)3* A,o,.e
9
CO-TR.1 81--W
0 278
p 197228.10
.~~i
M-C1'

~ t4.~
.t . gI 41 4
aI 11( ~ p QŽ1 4Nh 4 p I t. 1I 7!9
W7 531, 44. .. I
. .. 2 6 17 1434

QO :A7) l'] N- 44 ATTITUOIE GYROSIL~ 'A

1f !41)0.7
Ij:1.04~~ .*4i-4-Yl'.

A .. t''1'~'"'' .

A7.iii9.l i: c'146- .a h 2.00,<

AIMOSPHIIRIC OPTICS 140;

Ii. *9.l41''l.
4 4.4'C II t-e4 ei."Al'4i.1l 1 AUOITORY PERPCIE
PION

~i::i..j-.i..4A 7I . . 0a'''~~ 7I
Ja.-.l.'C0i.iLJ"~

' '4. iC 1eJ. - 4.. ... . '-7

ATMOEPHEIC. PHYSICS

pl'?Niý 17112;

I,. 'jli.Ill:1.At. . C .e'~73 4(34

414.1tt
411 i~" -1
947.474~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

58 Ž UOAL (LECRJT
ATMOIPHERI4C REFRACTION
4 '4 ]
'!:
,: 34'' "Ill I Iitl' ,03'17
i- ',;
4~f
XY---'e-. 2

'viv Pt.4 .~e.t

ibS -<3 ~ ~ AURORASL 10NiZA riop

4..., -
ATMOSPHE RIC SCAT TERINC..,.G*~~1'..

:71114
N 1444
... .

- ((e (4(.(12 '12 2(4

7 .''.--.'*ae ''1244(''1.
',.1'.'''' 4

0'4 t -PIt

: . ~~
2 ' . I7~
A1 I",' I I~I0. -I " : 16.

1"('l.4 .;)4MTAT1OR
It.~~4 73<

.415~~~~ý '4 4.1U~ES

-j j. I-
" I

A 1M

6 A.- I OR
 AUTOMIATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SUBJiECT INDEX
Auomoi.7. *nals.e of ECG at @4! do,,1 9 cod aft., O-ong. -d. o1cf-lotO*n i -onPm. to~0 1 VHF bwlKo~ rvy *o'o-t bakeokol',g.- *00 oflosoca
atv~t4mISwoo00mnysrtnam, p0073 N72 25052 opo'cl*acic- vI pnool
Anndol~
0t'0fO.-Wslft. - of Osoirnes owl end 90uegnl'0I lenlo
T whm0Qnwnto, coo.l'o. and g,4-9 oftanc-v -. w.. 01407 poo-aHW64024-o..0 wo110 p0065 9413 1"64 POW2 N72 21128
wol omfroc-on cos 0057 .W48..I 8-d p'fo'.ot oc Ao*7P' Of -aO cc be -woc -Ach mvuscaiwoll Pa, Red., a,,0-6 IudI 4 tlH9
-- b-htt00llSH IOU,
(AOARO k.5 511 00226 572 27687 oni
-1,..m~o'f-nanc. l1oHnotl ,0ef P0127 N072 211211
Nu..oe*c~-o fidlfn, SoCIHs ,ld-ng 4-"0' 00. -. Ina> P0065 N73 190-49 Seep Inlqovflcy bohcil.0. '.do. , sift ,Io- of 11.911
n~l,7n~lotnko:',nsalnalldofrno~oandoolol Ans1,m. of gAs Iulbnoan.nga ld o.HIo'rl
antIo. elId
.440 wbof'fo rt0.n 0029
POI (.72 2 1141
0'.P026 722784 nc :o. s~ p~D~~a .,wN-tva sdw
49 5 an-ofn
I. -cb.1k.0.t0ota%7of -VI
h.1fs fd.
ofAwotoo'ola 7.11c0 ".-
0001llal HOI.;HwIO
COrn ao.- p )6 N03 79057 hold2.- 'g'0.d .- Ogo.*-l
I. E .. q- 00130 Nil 2 1148
a.,~~H of b sololn* a.P- 1 ne tolc~o *ootoH balhnolIS thoort and
O'g~~~~~en'ao'soo
a905 ~~ ~ ~ '4'~.Io0tfl ~ oa 0000
pO6
06
~ ,. Cea'IisS''55110
and 0.dat~d FM CW HF b0Ok00lI Statno
p0232 N?3 23694 p. 1073 4,1.9051N7 2l
Foajt-.iv,' of o..lon'.ld hpac-c00t g -~.
,n.og'.. AVALANCHE 0100(9 .01' -i- *1HOHO
n- of~ .& 730 Nlw Its
'00001'lal*HnalH' poll9 N73 23888 fsueng - - y n sw 14?~lo
w $,lsll*10 Of gi N7clooe
P0148.I 13I 7
Te .1al*n9-.ld cIn.,-,,n- o 50ad,on Genaln of supe'17'g1c.
1fI'Jo*Ofch'lOW nfl .. *07H , j~'
BAILOUT 6'o nge p0 Nt738
--- p0279 573 23689 ampl,.e.0s Volga 1072 ".$l' P 0,.41410791
Of IfH pot0nm- I. '0---n~'eo nooi
"Co-ooo.',-a lI-le.Ot Of 'n 0 Iutop ouWtod. 10ýlet
1,"4I
w. .h -
AVIONICS
Cnot *t1401,r- n 0In 0 -d
.H, -0.0olH
1o¶
Sod 1001.gnltc
f.oot to
of*7a'0rao b'seIltlo
1
a'slela
a.f~ 0,1 IeOonompOlls N73 23690 '100H*O at--g~t of ln0.tnhO1 ACARO AA 621 P0059 N73 310S4
I Pone.oi'a potah.."ts-tf,-ft,lýo 'nI10 t, ,-.t~poi JAGAAO LS 47 7 11 ,OlVt N71I 36776 BALL OMAILINGS

l*1.H~~t5 P02t,'
N573 29"031 5.o,117,-,, 89 57I 36577? 4.,,.-~f o'0Omw-0 10100 pl'oIo-1 0255 N72 11700
A , 4-1"n . 1010
In't-n I- .H *Po'
-o - Hcoaoo~t. -9opng.-.n7'.-'- I AAOWIOTH
'*0.0' -'(.00 pOt&7 Ni4 76939 'o0 0199 N,7I36729 (110- p'0ob-lteb y end 11.ndoodfh eftlo'rf ,n d'9-141
A.JICMATIC. FLIGH'T CONTRO101 Co-n n-Has-lp ca, of I. ,.-v- I'os-, pn 011.000 p0131 Ni3 1019Ž
5
Opo01_7oao do'antt.o of N~l 367074
pG1,5,17.S'cc.~090 BIARILIM
-n -vSIf.. 0 n.gf 1 eind 700d,og)ctt1-n,1, stemo-
0p-a - , " 1.1nl o
p0028 Nil 2347014 o ocn- 0ous-,0 ca.ct Oooomttofolt It'P.-.o7o. cdDo.' 1*1.1

0
(711,.'aw
V STL llqhlp0128 s. . 5172 277 36
(Ot nH ., it
ý01.11 7 lHHlt 0'ARf** 7)~1Q 87 711 p73 90 N72 19483 BAYES THEOREM
H 0.,.a
1 fat.I w ad
wwl.0'n'
-1. I oft.O p 1.- -W-- s.1 tdt.. 't-n 6o..
do-ogpW~ Ol 147 23474
7o~l00*cn,7~ c0cca10,nf.0le- pO)53 1072 11189
t
S01.o-0:'0 1ln.''o colonal- r JfH c--o* IAt3AR0 CP 961 p0213 Ni2 226217 Acpl.05" andocoadsna -op~ohosof1
13v.- ' to ogo11Ioo''.
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_ t A'It 941 5701. ac0 sa c 88 1472 299 p028' 'a i3 23901
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SRIOIITNEES TEMPERATURE o'hdsad-ides
Snts Of t'-nO o.dtý- Sn. og-oct o."l onin ,anc
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c CERAMICS
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p0021 Mid 14725 07
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 COMBAT
SUBJECT AINDEX

7 COftllRENT LIGHT
O..ovC o e":ol iodoe 1o.b--~ to -- d.0 CLIMATOLOGY
olo' . -0"1- - -CI't'soI-
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d
-1 IV.go t.
gil t~o."..
.oonoe
M1,070 two"I
0-sot o"-~'o'lo N472 25497
4 03 .3064 otusOGt99
C4MCLRATOSPO(64

a,", P26b N7 2.9,) . 1, OI.SB

0 14972 25498
0' cto10050
O~OO oetoaltort2;9,~~100 p0063 NY]3 74045 aoto" leto et.aoo d594to-os
a-d ý-..o of p363003
"O.stt'el AT25 P4o'o' A, eoe't.so.1 o'e-' t. ".d _9l P'.Ol'w" V. - 1. '' J0. ,'.me'ffose >gV.. ,cI

0701111 5 15
o IlI
, .tO-41"t... -4d -- "' c lf-A, pq 0. l0'.. 1= 1 -0' ,- o,99 N 72 it 50'
ft.~~t~tla-o 0
'32 -o11- '0000 0201 N173 23602 a.cs, 0053 P473 24052 ""1" o o d -9. ' ..
0
0" ors fsot ooli.ct'o 0 N72
00200 25504
t 01 ett CLINICAL MED'CIN P7254
.045
Rao.Oto.f t~g0ooe
oot
~~~p0??I57'?4 1427 0-414 cg,s I., potoa0t oo o
0
of a...op s- 5N01 tOtt'.tp2

CHEMICAL TISSSl *fot . p No? '4109

P42 2 COSA RAoIATIO

ftO'362P473 It124 1".,e S,..9 p'o,-oe p0096 P472 14097 0 ~l ''1~. . oi"p'02 t,
0
0 N720400 ,
Apot of ,20t? 5 f.,0'o--'
CHI4MOTHERAPY tslC*''9.0.100
wC
-4t50 -osA1. l0t0l 0,~Igloo~
p oC',_i I~~ts .11 lo.
ng 0
oosoflond offot-%rs8MPgod .t .d col4
-rCol sO.l o Cl. 'to-0
o', 0'ftt*'.g oo700Im p0061)N73 2f '03 p0-01 P42 19t 38 -,-ioot
w -. v-oo
- t'tI 1`113 33633
oo *'" ' --4'os,'O"" b0 "l o''5c
-e-' 't 5p0242
a-- "o a.--
Ot~~r~~otseouyA Bolslot COLUSfON AVOIDANCE
p910
73 tl -. 1
-Af0t ,~CKf~ ol' p0 hofl'4- .6 5472 260.5b
4060N7 P.a pod,'- of to It,'oc- tsfc (0-0.0 jeeOIp~
115

0045t0~438273 t'9 oo 1",3s.-a"oooO'

.1.0I COtol
.0757.4 232 t'73 236119
'-oo s o ", t '-tOf t...a.-oAt,'I A.-taf-.. o7.b,0. p'lt0 tS -l- 1.tt.tO.O1
S..,o..ot.so 4t~poctoo.loh m l.og-vdrt'olt..t c. , hoog
b.tatoO oagato- p.-o 'it pO082 Is7732' 10 1 ~ ~ t ai) a to . 0.' oooe.d e.t6'--s0*7'otia-oN- ot lsloo
t,0232 N73 23690
otooo"o A,.d 1t. - ' 1t IAGAOD (0 1311 p0006 574 19'9
0.g c
I~tlI- '' ' 0..10 .- -I.0-11 t4... ot'5t N
pCO)O6N73 21 '' ItO* OttI', .-0 j 1't .
N71. -. 'tcI'o. *r-'s po o t'78,o '
F-.ga- ostol.,t o- to's~l',..7
-o t 108 ti-og '1
-togb-
-9 0
Ne-'go.50l',
0 82
06 P7 3 21lt'23 A-.sta~.,- ~ tO P I.44 O' 1 0 .do.toloo 0j
1-50 -.0232 N73 2369t

SIR 3, d._.. 0I
00086
Z9o N0. ........

7
p005 0074 t38.> 0 9
CHIRP~~~~Wj SfN15 tcos t" Q f41 '!,786 o',33 573 23701

'.0 A, h-p 0t-Wt't .r..ot0o-, t.OlZ .,, 2 7

'.-.IsoacjsOt.-..eo...j..t-Cc. o123& N17, 23734

CHLORIDES . of. 0 1 .. O

p.1 ~ '41 `
-'4t.o-''s""5''o'II"
0 73800 00235 173 237' 2

CHROMIUMXO(

1
Ase- t oe ". .0-' _4 e oo
.- -
RC4RMU SM ARtS .gO ' ,,- ®r'g
4
t_ -- lo.s. 4041
'tett I
.40 tt0,-5.00M -- -oS~ N73h ,oS3 006'O""13
3
C.0,68 'a7 OAiP. PLASMA 2074
0074L* pN 3 3

A ,vo"..C'-oO - -t -ld.
'otlO C-'>) t-0-'tNYt'oeno'e'
39LOW COA16tAL COLLOCAION4
to"..,50~
CtRCUIT BOAGRDMS 0--Ls ALLt~OY s ot'Oo '.I soe-.
... soo- ost7a''

£0o'oo~~~~~e'
do.oo le P4133 al .0 ofO0 se 's 02tS9
ttR P47) '7138 1to-~ o'- 000 t 7'a t9It 3

tfilSN74 13936

'oo.-.''-'- 0ll*l...IO-008'72J] t
CIRCUIT RKELIABILIrYAIt."0 aeto~to0 -"'o-s" .l.Oo0
0--. ot'
o"'ptO~~ lh't '.-
".~ -4o'o 0203 tNY) 2l I~t
Re~~~slo-Id,~~"".0..10

22623
potS.5074 73q17) COBSALT SOo65Ottp72307 _
IIl -` 0' e t0o'tt-I'.O~e
.- a'-'- ll t1.
- 4'ot-", ,o1I4-S
; -t*tl
. (eeOa0la-
E'- 04 c" 0t -'.0
4td dos.,-'t-
Coso~.-
0 ill 2370? 22624
7023.4?
CIRACUITIS op' a~~2114 0--a,1 p-" st 1,'31)'cbb 0.50s2
Itec.
ft~ olAA 0C~t 6 P44 3-? COC LA
Ot,~t a-do otACo'7 0-. 0165,sos~l )7t~~t'oo-,o Ao. lpcl. 'NYlos lc39o- *.L t2S N472 226249

o~s.h., p01?N24 '392S o0.0081 1,o 71413800 11. tI

At-salstse. s Zs''1""s2011346

,(),(1 %14 13027

eO
04' 1.08
COCKPIT SIMULATOSCt"St-'~.-'0l
*o t let'-t O 074 20IN4 COLOI y'SOP
0 tg150'td ~o.
a-do ,t0.. - a3931
rt-,,~~tD
t p0077 .473 19065
,
. --4 a-I0" "...t"a 00 '-150 400ocp 991
JG
CIVIL AVIAT'ON
ta.I Is" o l~
Wo-lf s- a' ' 6 a ~
~~tI -I AG A Hn(P 79 701 4
,01 . -571 16060 T - - l Y 17 1
-ol1-11
1e kL0011 -" .'o' IYpos ol.,&0r l.. 0-- p0(7
-g~sOi N73 19066
' . .
a4.toto
*l-.oa)lN A

5oIfol~ -ooll
aso-t'0.I0 -o~10~j. 4'AI 687p 2 P47t 6360 517319068
,(ltlv077

-o'' .'ot
I-o4 roo..~ - ols 07 41 190)69
,et',0
'..t'..''. 0
CL 64 AIRCRAfT

.,.
e1'010
01.0011 ~~ ~ "I ~" ;d'tA~417320271P
s""
0-- 7.(7 5-.ogc'-eo-'"' 0-1 150
!. 0iS -~ Is- -ottt1sl'.1#,'-
(i'o
o~tto'ot
01 'cl Sl- A -so'OtPlt-
too

CLE ItR AIR TURBULENCE C KPIT A47

N;907911.
1,00K)- ''f

.02AI N),123907. ,oI."0t'008 573 9074

,C-.58 N474 I77)7- COGRITION COM ,77

It IIII ;]'S~

A-i17'
COMBINED STRESS SUBJECT INDEX

Awpoalca of nigll o,,oa lachnoingv ho100010 n.ght Analysts of nomm.-o afot onI gf~ and dofss P!nmar and I- co-da st-ool a- apploal'n Of ado
"0011I p3Oj~ Nil3 19970 WA0a o' aoo'aff and ptopna*d
tupnal 0 sysfam IO, -oad composfan P02W
10 72 29596
Tha 'ao~aacss.s,h -alo~~pa
0 -I.,oa -. N--oc .opoaso a~.pp 236 N73 23720 ff'on,.1- of W. nl'd
lo -- .'0
slasblia
ann.dt
an comb,,a10-al, p 306 N 1t 2 1Sf5 Analv,., of -V.pafadon'ooaos aln
-0gao _--lt4Plpala talo
In,0 6 3ua"otcoo.
of --.. d- l
CO111111NS1"
STRESS .dnolI-c-nafosvsfa ton an-aft opo.'afoo aol p-pl51o 'a I'pns vnff Nil 1903 1
Combead sIts affecols I-srhumaOorm~nsuoi1f0 .005 *np-loua clapab.I'u p0236 Nil 23721 noalopmaul and *ppial.na.o of coontns'l tol,,a.
n
frInfo a~oho*55 t-odyoam-s pvf 04 N73 19144 P'"ooaao9og of -nfe'non o spinad spasnum 'ann- saoa akauff a.i.vf a leomon and affan on .'sp'ntd
11 0
Combood h11f no,. a'd oba1* anl 0" -c- .3aotoin Cdgoa olu-aot ,,s, au pacfod oaoo p0 14Z Ni3 21023
IAMRL TA 71 1'l131VAOS N73 19145
~ (AGA;.O LS 581 p0f43 Nil 32053
osa
5
n'O
'*9 ' ~noofu.nia.*ota
.c-al
C h *o f roo'nposif
00
Comboa~d n.54 f P .W.In and of1:0'a.d 54501omnoo
~~~
se and

IAMIAL iAS if 1 f5!

l~
a-
l aR-I.
~ VsJI
~ ~Ni: f9f47
~ ~ "" I
donr-
flul
,
omn,.,

0143 N73 32056 IAGAO

o ansfyý'-
00'0
an al.m
.h
Iplao
po'l, .ao 0. safallmn - -no 00n JGR) P111p21
.. 1121I
d Of0 Ni3 214
7 77

~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~ht
Mfial-,~ pIc:.I todli-afIhhs."I-1.
fs, a---hg aodus
-nfoenhiI
a, a;
lnad. of04
tg
as eogfh

£0 41P,01-fa 'en-act 0.401h .hano offet

an C f~noo
2
COMM A TIOsNt .oo
NClu THE ORY ~ s Igesal f P nd~s' I oft
51100, asofocup ao s rfocd -0Ca
01h

Ib cntnt~a
ltmb, pO 20 N73 f4296, don,toafafsmangash -d- -- P0193 Nil 320O64 *a'opaC
. oa.ola SIlu pO2fO N?] 27428
COMBUSTION EFAPICISNC Ctaeol...lng of dofi-tal n 0 oo-no4cfo l-ust wr- Ch.
Do-g of In-l.,
caarbon f0-'n,s o npp
dso

0143
cu"'-pt('2 '1 o'.7 coou ad5f'''n 6lka
7o4- taho.at In' ata lao-ev s on p a~o NioVt 32066 -o - fls o p32f0 673 2ll479o
IAGR AG fo~al 3f930 -1Q-. 1f, d D
fIGAo OOA f68FAI
illI pn22 N7a 242796 td--tn 1-p9.0143 Nil 32066 f-ia.l.a 1 o02f N73 27480
COMBUSTI ON PhYSICSEC Peduroto sgnl" nof-nfo Apl
Desal afmno
Ifol loocnpo-fom e.ysfit tIol a'p Ctloal-
Appl~oafo of gas analev, lactno.' on deL con,-I 1 'ueofctofld- fntont 4
um os to orst- l.,!So.1 and,*, an slla10ola -c-et-1c
uo~bs'o
fln "n 0lot"a 49 tta 'W-a ag- o-ftloo'do,
a -ntof51 1c- p0 3 Ni3 3206' p0210 Nil3 274791

IAGAAO AG 1681 pCI1ft 67-,3 313010 0P.10 au -Ott

n -I!00
-O 43 Nild 32068,
u a0 n 49_ o.-ps.1.5I ' cso- a~l. C' Fcol I I
NAAIO
lolnaln ' Efoal
'n la'sA s~lu oIIy N74 nt CO799 ENST3 TRACKING6 sloana-a, 021 1 N 73 2 7480
.OtlC10
Cof1U hn'tabflslcll
TO PHY IC p79 Ni 427 A aclon ' Dneatd so'c e, csfnl nod t-* ~s"
fn% Arpolnalo- o
1
15compsl onfe-ls.a -dcal w on-enfol.

nll X49
coslb-oosl- ,01 -ogtub-eg- - Ni4 e. CO PTTO f" eO13N330'V21 t! 1 Nil 27~491
I
Soon lInle -ol -suecss- co.-fa. Ao-4- glOeof'
oass b-oo -l
an abo -W,' -po-0- 1 I
COMBUSIO PRDUT
'NOIs.u of a- PlofO"1 aRA all aCo ospall
Canse ENAR KIN pO1 NN 2f' ta fnl'to2t .021 73 2 484
Pofllol hdo,.Aba"a1 y p0219 Nil4 12878 Ae,,lonue taoola-nstk o~ lotd..,ph,'l ,1,O l-cn-slosI-lo colas '-o'-Oo d~ .- d -llt-t 5e15'.le
A~tonlcl
C. I u 00 n A cl to n Nolhd 0029 Cdua
OM '5Sf o Si74 I oIN-g
021 I ; N73 27496
IGARBTON 1261i
PRDUT 217 CC -. 17-42- .lo~a
otAILT-. 1-eOo-r.,
VONEN ale's .aodo
sa~ol ;h_,soo

d~At, lO'facag'adsg' 01 .. ,f,( 7-manoe

At ,o-o-e fesfI ,008 1'N l -t u-pac pr.212 Nil
7 2,487
aha-s
*tOtp E14
302t
Nhaoaaf 7 A.scen,- Iap~togo I0 c-. ~n 1
a t.1..sa
t
p afs a-p.n loads
fn'tRoln aug12a p0279 N74 14286 L; ISAONEAG 1674,1 Lc27I543260 AO..1op.l> c-sta bedo, ad, n- -jeoa:, ode. ohI
1
501 1' *14110', - k-, o- - -a,. -*~ 'al' t.1 M.111 oo0n s--
elt.-.noowl.a poulla --c Of--!rn-a loc.f 4

Pa'a-.'-el' 70-1-.190,, o. p0219 N74 14289 ,S R AGlno sod

167l-ta to'o t lot 1a-
'03 ae-8tpan uubal-lste0 ''on -d ?1 673-
a 271-89
N0 1.1-1
-'ýflana
- .,- As .a lh f -t c,
5 1
o-~16 p0220 14296IAL
U"tsclO
-hso E7 pG0 61 2702 2 'i73 27492-

1 I.- ln
Snin -o and P - ltat --0011 th.,.tfh
s ~sod, IsP' u l-aapooetC4' f *p;lo 14 ed
2
ngcssoal
0 2
1olce
-4.9, p022 Niaq
Vonl'o C0.1-'o,-1 adssna ; m o
e.'.oo gl": 12 N73 27489
ba-oCa natvoao
I ao AGA p00 1 4Mo
14c2a,-" IAGAtO LS 63 711 n0205 N72 2497'd0381I!lo'4 udIbo opo-elsrl

2
COMBUSTION TEMPEATUR 111. Eouonlon~s-~a~ of "n-to Ol 73 2 7413

p0220 N74 14290 O-7 sl ,-" i. .0.- n pot 050. C'cld 1.0- cab .oe ,aNti boon
.02oo-t o

AIR.II RAF
COMET 4oe
% uh o o . o020 N72 12497 1-o1e goes .- 0 pGi,-12 N73 27 492
,2

COMPOTSUSo''o
's 1 , - _, 10d. as. ,I 0-ot .. ,'~. 'Ial 1
a 'sdl. o0212 '.73 2749)
I NTM e'.o
EFAUI "ncl'~p ltoa-ot tl00207 N72 12499 cco f a-o
"- 1
"Ad O.10 Inbo. 0"doICI-e
tacia so mfofu.le A.'s 15o5'C lea-s -e' flnt aclo -%-, f 'o at, o l-aI ~ aast fan l 10 at t.a n.71non

COMMAND
AND CONTRO pO2Oi N72 14506 P'lol !,0.s1-e e-d O'l'0'e
C1a~n dN/' 495hon
Soola .d-n"of agae1
.ab - leb n oa--ot-a tloatll-go 4,0 ~ av
l bO
-0'1 05
.. ,lrn". *1
Ins oo;'.-os w -gt 1021 "7 27439e

1
( oM pn-Up1101?166 ,I-leec I na -,,0,l'a'~ ale -dao. ,'0213 ,o-ot1 '03 27991
aod, oloi~nao p216f
o20n0e2267 Coill oool lion OsI 7 tIs wia aenn es . m1-1-
n 50W, d,,
a- s
Coot lofaa,-of V~poa lomms 1b fle, 0 0aa07~ N7-2

[NS 451p0236
A Ni1 2036 o .l-aI", g- m, - . 237 17 66249

Saw27- 1.7 23-8 -'o0 ai-.g -,-, -at i, - .. I of" M' n0213 p 6.73274391
f .t o'81 . I. I ~ '--gacoa2lail72n125s3 lo't. ;close''-oa aod. mai-
CPMMRC5A
AIRCRA8FT.-0 - r'1 ., - '1.-21el0,- -

A-naI s -- iotl Iond o'y ptsl0109e3

N7" , 15"' sto das po'as1,(1248 i25n

~
osparior alt ~ ~ a - ''0209
m2l6oti -"l~ ,0CIOC Ni?2 f29697 1 a
.Iiss-1. -- "ni -dp .Icon',
n o--t n

Amco 3
pO? 5 N7i 237)9
o -s1,1

,"100209
o
o, -Jý N72 295894
A)A 9I,2
JCOMPRESSIBILITY'ý'
el-nI- '
_,743
I

1 6
"

pist -ol-i-sla~ c-323 N73 2318 oO?I0-9N72 29696 n 316)2 (8

po~u0 o~ooIs f'aa
AO~ACA
'18R T1029N7 9
99
SUSJECT INDEX CONCORDE AIRCRAFT
COM1 q6sSI21i.1v EFFECTS Aais3 .7i0 ip8 .q1o ., 11p.0-a r.og-'nog*
Vatm,~, "C1 "10".eI
F.*4.cl-o-l of bifep l0,l se1 to, a-. -IN -ece,1 c.og.-si a7
Id ov".l~77o1 h,' .o..',I~ p Ž4 1< so, me
p5 dss'g'-p-'1- '..-aoI cos .,0283 71 20131
-d2 1-.417 .- 1 S.q"lIl5,1 ,11
o0 o6'5
0JC<465 11 7188"- 0040 N72 32036 le1.I<pa- h-7,. ' 781*541II
l.1002 974 74725 ,.5. i2 '- 'as1.-"
- ilp,.,I.
, 8-.
,t .... e 0 ic '. ', .-.
7
COMPRESSIBLE SOUND0ARY LAYER Ir-~ 0280 1173 23814 ,5284 N71IC'36
F1I *
1 0Ic 0-1 P-1s
5 1 , -6 -.441- - c-, 55-.61 Co.'-p-.is 8004
, ,0 1,,. -7~."-g 077765 4p7'' C- -. . de . .5 ,*I " 'Is .41 7,7 -< a ,5 .,I
10578.1
8.s..5' 4,*. L-2 p,,1 ?9 %72 2,0299 IS -!.- ,70243 1173 33638 l a ,100 47 C1
1
COMPRESSIBLE FLOW C.-1.-d. c~lsl-'.,q,
, Ic e ,pt . ,-, a7t.oa2'17 71 24'7I2 3
Slarlot-g 204l of707 654
le P -0061- i 52,l'eI'-< 0'
- 07710.... ::, -P- 8'1 11 eI. "e,-11An

h, P., i- 7 Ni7? 16 715

PC1er,- 4.-1. 1.4, p005 N7* 10910 ,"1f28- -171 2-314-0
Model I.com -11 Iý
I~~l I.p....
1cIll A,.-
Ac el,814.70 do5< I C- -'~t. led .4 7 970SC'~ 1 -ih'*t8l0-
'IC
",0Pot66 N974 39719 -"<'.< 11i5' .0i1I,.< <<41.<<4 .5 5

IcIie.'c
J.(4*C
of *~ 1.-' c~.,<7'0 ~l'51 rIO' 76 Sl?
A
?u283
- a 1e -vd. c
.16 T C-.
0166 Ni17 13922
Ile 'mel7.IF7e-'srsa.- 4, a
5 .16,at
I
-',167
<
-1~
I-.
i~a <~t
lo
I-,
1-, 11, a :-'l,I
l;s I7 -Sl>1' o
u.
";
.i.7
IrIe ' "I18oC-S' li 74 14086
NOr'1.35~p deo1;o "."-. 3 !73 24049
P19269 973 '9835 COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES Cc-s..e.. -1e4'g.lec . -,-ilI-

-,0*117041to -Ildoig -011,i-, cI -.6. 414 C 'sS p0-1,',

l -- .. , .. o-, V016 Ni? 17'04 106660 CP 1331 3<5114'904,
1."-P. -a-i8'
COMPRESSOR PLACIES
P,1011
I973 22954 ,
A,7065<5(-' 40,'0'I
of pD.CII S' 1526, Iloe 08.' III
i!
t 4.1 . .-4
.6<1.olig
11.01511
7
'. ~ i-0';
lia- -go CA
CAD A
-- 0
5* *p
a'
.
3 ý554 3
5~
8sd175......i.,-i a
I~l'1.e-0. 4,l -IIt'., pO156 N72 2 1.79 CA74 216 '393oac
now i C-Po1wl~~ "7I D,-003 Nil 19370 COMPU ER SYSTEMS DESIGN 35.elol"807 df. '1.>Is4
P13165 393-
8

174 73909
'.636
lIJo.,c'
10
-ql.4.<o
e83
c'.s 5819i
85I2P-lA pal-- C'p-
P19219 917)
' -- de
.41'45
19803 *0
5 . 4ao
,
lo *o*-7 -e 41 --OC "yIt-"
40281i N;J
3?39C-' p
0
~4 -, 41110
06

4.-a
(174,S--- 34.0340, 7~3 -SO COMPUTER SYSTEMS PROGRAMS j 7-, ;,4930
.IC Zel-2
0
(4244 :!,ie1lo.p0263N13 1980ý4 05.1 c- I~~.l5 '-41'
ICC7 -- .- .,1, ..- 'l705 (1-.-.e e-j
0,6 *-q j-- 7-,- '0 -

Ishiusled '-om -t-0. I bS -C ,- 600 ~ -c~

W00.111 COMPU T'R TECHNIQUES C-"O-l 1e1el' .J16' 574
NOS 73912

COMAPRESSORS v-!-,35 bc, k.77-24 ,,- - le'Is .;,-C"C

1 ' . <7i1 of 41.0--.
a- 11.62 4016 4 7_l 5-'12"
Vslotcl, -1J11. 1.0 b--11t.117~l10I -736 0~150
IS N'. 22165 'le7, !i3ý-
-976 O10
camp15113 19 , -ny p02,67 %72 167'4 D5 .a'10tI.C0C1. -.- lll I6l.I. - a-
s:~-~- .'e.12.31 Wa
PI0'74<ce36,14-o.d7C-,aQofcoIp-el- I I~ . I- j1 .5"'.7loo 4C 7o.I0 7,-1 ft55 4.4 I i .11
,4 1397
7
*110,,
I c7. ,-.1f -- 5 O.0 3 173 2,7493 72 2 f 73
"0l574291-'(0156 2..5 1." _1180l

COMPUITER DESIGN 4511 tIlIo<lI-611" 07 i 54 A 31 770Aa~. ',~ '3''

170154Si? ll'98 *7751,-1S4 If0e17.-5I11O1-

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CONVECTIVE NLATIRANSFER a-" fe'COST ' In.Ca'
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 CRASH LANDING SUBJECT INDEX

Models to, heod:nin td`ctIu end helmet.s and Puceduc to' pwcdlctng tatgue t-10 of aPIcIat fti.ng Devtopment and ooecatbu 0t ctogac'mable PCM
rnadtot.OnOof opttn' hWlme p~a-Cfoane undo, 81t0,s toad conltonsoso data 4 oblo-led hnr ol-ew.. ecde.
- to- date slotaga and pcucasstg
1 dungQ
pur"e 572 19161 cour Ns ca ae p029 W-, 29927 sPIKc muons o0 93 N72 19504
CRASH LANDING APoatcd-.a aatmsrc o cr tge ao V-dnstu-91alleao.I 'asm-S~.Itlna to' $-c0uact
t' foS.S.dd-1a 748
anaogar~dnt.oas~gt~c~ c-lacton d-sa--nto a.d deatsoer o.0aeo.r t'f a-- dhnatn, oa of to-rtatlo Cantfe'.....
actalts,ath pe -o~mnce m aasueune,ts
00 2
0o. Ongtt m-C doll p-ad~tl-s data p00)0 N74147 tar jAIARD C9 921 vQ157 N72 22188
soda:6- 04 3 N7t1 234 17 DATA CON VERTERS Data cpltectorx. uco.ecn-s'0,swa dorrana-s4 Can
5mtaa C-11h test to casles' fed di-tcm Ito8-rt~ca P-.oc 0 ., ot o-do to d-g-tatcoeccra to,11-40 1
stagotceu tos 0159 N73 24208
.uc. sunt-n '> polyrma. addlinas .02S4 5N72 H1692 mtotma1w. d. -I I.C~ .,o 5
,ot4 NY t 19 cms-'0uam -tctn of 'cl s-o-d *n data
CRASHES DAALNSbanks v0lI59 N73 24212
agoa ase't-n
to.'an e-notogo hunn'se A TAM tof du- PesearocE aola
s -age or ad., cus c-0 data

ec cete~alt-o
,att mAthewcam tutat.or.
t tes0 a~on o a testo-ac
' a--hag
-ap c-ATA
0 Y sstams
dais and lacm-.rat coofraf~h O3 53270 DT YTM
CREEP"
STENT Centooen ot metod topcaf.gace' . -ant to- useo.
C, a sc~e~tcsaas

0 1
oos-. ho,
"!~st I -P danc 93 N72 1 022t0
CREE STENGT eserot'e
'-' dta &73to'5 poeio
ttd oct'0
6 Do mat0at'on 01Pl'
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na-gtu'n systemn
945to I- htnne and? 572 t670t. an`
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59 N73 24105
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2 29S 3

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CYGERNEICS
DATA TRANSMISSION

Efdtor* ar.'s'.'-' an0 la cn tr onm .Q rem- Eteto.- co -oa p1;(ss'- 0 dtesoi e47 dat AO 'a
0 9921 nO ,57 572 22 168
sat opeta'oa Oc=9
M -dtos 7 92 eot'd. at.,
R09 'e 9--c and t.- 4atac'pttat--t, an "a 'aah 5.a-- and ta's'n t In 'ceno'
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t.6 s.s-f 571 09
DARK ADAPT ATIO
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2 8 4 3 2 18
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p0158 572 22171ý
DATe TR NSISIO
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DETERORAIO DIGITAL COMPUTERS

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7.73'7 1 .,0)03 i::2797

DIAGNOSI I G417

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7'819, 474 I? 9,o 1)7 7 1 '

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 DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT SUBJE CT INDEX

N~~d-~ataguoao.cob-o t'ka.ol~gad DOPPLER EFFECT CRAG REDUCTIONI

-fgaflsdtao
A~n....mo da-g
0 2
1 , N72 22628 A opl.aa d.so-bl.oo of pa~ooll~o*asat- o .,, d xodA. -oon-. 6
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aoatoh 0 2 2 4 .l aout 4-0 poolgaf.u s,017? Nil 23453 pOOi Nit 14713
-par o1-o~
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N12 22629
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a 8 v!
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dQ* d 0f 'pIIa- vat.; Ao
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a- .- danc d-spIavst o 'j ;T01 a--c-a 02 N72 25505 tfI'odg"s on a m iag ooatto.ao:,
-odyo
224
(NAuýA CR 1261531 P0 N72 22630 D.,olomaot and 'I-aabw-otato of dual scall- lase- p0020 Nit 14723
oEF ..to-0 - ~..tiao .1 , . Not?-p
9 223
i Cop.od fns fl.-t dono býa.t..
a a-o
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0 200
N; 2 25506 0.Vi a'"04a u 002 N ?74 '4129
-. oal~-tp0224
4aott- N1,223 DOPPLER NAVIGATIONCRPSZ
-d11ta~t Fo--hf* cl -otayd and f..d...
PuEtd--r9n -,a, t-aa.ntts f ' .u ala toov a-sptaO do0,0a-go. P0031 N72 11923 lp0218 N74 142681
uott0--cl data ,pflo..
-o--atsad o' -`
mapp. - .Ing, sv ... DROP TESTS
p0224 N72 22633 Ataoduoa.atatt-4.n1-tnt-talt.t Fntgc- -o taacfeoC al-a
A-Sto-ny `4ap j soia sfltey.$ -p19 4-rot -* plo,-
a ,! -om1.d -ap CR7T~ .aonod aaaa a Na..gat-ogu-daoa OotlmuO *o.alt, l to- -a-to
DaoP0033
N72 t l935 .- od titf o p 0 0du ta.
d.01$ootof
l, t1"
A h 6.,y N7! 19378
9-sotays p0224 N72 22634 BId 11.dtftt...g OofltT"oI-0 Ot oupf-f
1a1ga DROPS IIIOUIDSI
Ettr.-teud up 0-spay s...m tF., tnt-tao t-I-a
~u IUopland ao,,l-aegpnt p0t57 972 21224 G'oudcoa~a~ by 0o",tfoed h a.:-a
0
p0225 N72 22635 aopnntu.. D.oppic aIad--
l--au 19 to -od p 2 IS N74 14283
Eugtma...g a-IO epa l.o
ato- - 06f -cu~
mott,, tauhnpe go' at4oaln
-41-tp o" 1 lfotOt "oaosm, DROSOPHI LA
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Sf.4,,aad
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da-4., o02,5 Nf 2266 Ap~loo tofjý 9.o ahunn~. -toOO 72 26G-C
N.t.-a
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p.p ,do
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o'he nAaa- *yoga.uIa t:n

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0 225
~P 472 It111
0 152
ot
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1.:c sat 2 0
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r.o-the-,Ma.al and t . Jco,
dob' . Nl1-1 Co~,
.0 ra
Ipsoel dpa0 p2 25 94;721226-1
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oA-' ,0 fn-Oua a-da-,.-o:- ol~ i0,92' %73 2 1119 cJ,3a•ac.o~t-;,luo -

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tapoal-04-]yd.000 co p-Ca 2, N7 226b42'O~ a1-hal p0075 N72 2604' 0g :ae--: daa--c -aa- ,'p00 -a6 chl.. d
p02502
262 Oa~yfo-o-o n 'ao--gco- -nao"3--a t ,aoe .3080 P.73 2 m104

I,,g apyo-l *da-f1 .-1 0226 %72 22643 i,037o 972 '6048 rt1 c- .3 2
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D'0.-M z-2oa .. O ay OodIgt.uo 0
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IAO&P0D q 5941
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to'o-a~;, o a-
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080 9173 21111l
ao.oaoI. :0.-" a-a . a-d .- ,g o t'sNo L
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DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT i :. . -,:. .. y .u.'' I

DISTORTIONOoopo :a-a.I.'ne-I-pn--,ao-c--0 y.toa.a1uef I ]

Fo'a--i -ata -an l~~hoy
14-ay.,I01-u"0-oI-n
n~ :.'.n-a"- . t04-0.l-D-3832 '.71 7112
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t 0 ;.~so--.'t~ao~a:ce
a..- 6-N ,265,N 972 '6 7 1 ----u-ad a21 1. n6o N7-o3. 12-4---
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't44 OP a"!.aOO0 d~id n
I'e0l~ot-o~py
6q.l'.1-e: luI a. pO 38 %73) 1416:) D)RAG MEASUREMENT I I .'0 ', a n'o-a.- p0183 %973 17253
DIVING WIUFDERWAT6R) P - e'd- 0 0u". -. 0- DCS T0..
Ooy"---on' I #"- .-. nt2-ha.
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N73' '270
6a--1. 0 - n g.-lan4'l-a- Af5
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DOCUMENT STOROOAl0-- -- pl ,2'1;913~0~(-lpel--

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0ICI j - - C. -o
'1n 19.77 - 03 i

oA Li, 9'-- - - *a'-Aj'j DYNAMIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

W. DYNAMIC PRIOGRAMMING

DOGS DYNAMIC RESPIONSE

A 4'
If 2 003 1l 0 4,1;

A 24
SUBJECr INDEX
No.4..- oiot.hoo ,@'e~tb'l f'9.toe ,o'-n. C' 10lb et.ee
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
CtaI'a:te'..t a'.m.um-•oc'"'.l- "-gel~e.t.( gco...to.' to
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00!003 N2 is132 Vt0083 Nt3 230A ,.-gE-.• pa," .ota.. 00 lat.j. OO064 N73 19039
t
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>0195 N7) 104__4 'Taloopta'¢e1

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p&wt% N 3o 31954 :0.' Ot..4¢t....
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Saoo.'tO, f~tego pO93 N73 299t EwwaJ.ZT I•na ' - •oO•E NI) 9944
25
OYNAMIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS etto' petOtta" * pG 4 NI? 1696 . 1.I ao.-"' tm6e, , e- f'O,-.a

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-E, N ) 1904 5 I
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12096 A.at(e la ''o• ~.- -.. c..e.ta'o pc3t,.t'.

Noa' - . enta; dct•lle.go• cf4"'aI To.. 'tnt, e S 0'p40-

Ie-to PROPERTIE
ELASTIC ".',l
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0.3 I3003l

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50080 A 091.-144.0-t
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Oats.'l• -. ;4'.a' *?2 141t'a

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INAAoaI 583I3. % . 19O, PROPERTIES

ea 02p3 a...m.., .194

.172 '4 11
EAR PRESSURE TEST
t tt-c4.1,
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Žt.3 t13 90'' " '.2TRO
OPTICS
C-", a
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EARTH ATMOSPHER L I'e,,. ,.t a'.," ,--4-,,- es c-e, -a-,.' a -,. ;, .ge
0
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EARTH RESO'JRCIES 0 E' CTRIC ENERGY"CtSTORAGE J-- -'I tsaI % 30 ; 430

ta -
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'4 3; .?." :410.3
3

OII• 7,71 21432

P.7 4I51
Oo, N '3 19331 c. a i.tC:e. 373 17 250'.'
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS C',.-tc- I.,
l.. tt.' ."c"" t'"', ' ,"o c tit-.It-'-ttela-
4

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1
N71 231.-). ELECTRICFIINLDS,
INASA . O3)1 1421 - , . 74 1 17 9 '
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s.-. otY'36 I - 20D14 ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

I'S. I. -. t.. a:, . .
SIc1oll'• ~ ll[il• 1 ll; •1• P.-: 5,' -' '39'ci N''? tg'4t) =1•;'Il•""2 V••"1 ' 8

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a:1 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIRItITY

.LECTRCIMAGNE TIC INT[fERE CE

EFEECTIVEIRESS
tI S N 3 414-:• "Iii3it

"'' ( ) l 4 ?• •'- * -. i . ... ' • I V .I • 1

i,. 4; lf,'
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Llo
 f ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENT
Sralsoc of hOgl ta-ol to-ong ho-con ""1c. 41a 2 7G", ELSI'TRONIC EFOUIPMEPIT
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l.a a-d 'alslotelaa
C,0rc4. S74o 138j
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EILECTROMAONE1TIC MOOS Q.-'n*ol'c, ~ h0bhc an .d -w "g -. og.-b 1471h
g 17402s~n

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ELECTROMAANATI AIAIO
Sat~lon-c 11ght dspl1 c'.'-gc
o ~ p0223 N12 2262'
jCoo o~p00037,.N72 J- 5310ff p- 27016

01 IttarP .isi p0076 N472 26053 -t-"Q04 a,. t-npctsocal o IQ lacs~coscod -c-h ngnj'n. desg, Coht.c,lat
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0241 N473 33622 To022a *N73aac
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ELE~~CTROMAONIETICWAVE TRANSMISSION 60400D
Cc0165iCP aged
1301oGt to'. p_." la 1390-g6
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wa otpaglal.o- spP0ot-crcloo30S 7 .9 1474 2lbI'2 ENGINE FAILURE.02 N7 149
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cC004tl o C' '' lo-,a-t I cnd,~ 140242 N17333634

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ELECTROSTATIC GYROSCOPES
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ELECTROMAGNETISM 106N4 31 ELECTROSTATIC PROSE S %-

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DI0741 N47333h2.1 PC'I-cs'aI

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N0253 a-t'o.' trts 1) 4013%'
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eccct'tt- '' c-IIlIe: "I--.n *eNDOCOINE SECRETIONS 17 ''.968
ENVIRIONMENT EFFECTS

ELECTRO DE-SITY o'f tel--1 1

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21921
o"tnt'gtdeen- 11.2
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'434*I

02 1117?21141
720751 %777 il67/ a notdt-c-"c.
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-cto.4-le co -0ct aI--es0-'-e -~-I'- -o Ot 't40
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4t190;
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Io, 1 4 lAlA"(., 'p41 12,.'77`10

A-26a-
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t SUBIECT INDEX EYE MOVEMENTS

.ad t, ESTERS O081p-ip 1pI*I.4-

1 141cc8 a, a-1 411491I11 moat, to,
lltP
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3
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N?4 14295

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Als~.
00ý2'88 NT2 21918 ESTIMATES A -I" "*'AY
l"da 'l4 I..l 11440
Ily1
lit,,•"

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5.rQ
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pMh'4I.',pO48N) 144
a-l,. of~ hq.;l4l ".i
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.g l 0208 N7)230 EUE EOUAION OV MOTION 1e'10.'719 ~

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l
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0 41 1 I 1 .1 1 4 0ap C P ' 4 4 ' 1-. CS4 p 1 f t t O of. Et P P 3. '4- aobcA42 73 0 7'.
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6
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S.c144114*1,01
nso.4- o 27 N72 12865,'" '-P7l~l11o'"1 n"~ '" EXHAUST NOZZILAS
~p"'p~rl' 02l 978
.2 12669 I.0'4
10 NI?. 21904 i'd -o ' .o1~p I ~l*. bi

~
* Fo x yo e 1 ,1 61 . l b o4.18
p a11 .4 p u ~- . ' 50 0 60 0, 0 2? N713 202 u ) I' N AS A I RA X,66 8 8 71 it0 0 N l 1 9 3 66

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EUTECTIC ALLOYS 6011o!66e.1t'l1p N:2.6101o~
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O2 1413 21492
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%7414
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22 SATELILITE
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A-30

AI
I~c-SUBJECT INCIEX FLUCTUATION THEORYI
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A-31
FLUID DYNAMICS SUaJEcr IN0tx
FLOUt 0 VNAMICIA t Nenio.,iych-atic ard other causes go, Permaente Rotary wong designmethodology basedon 'onlfslae
,"-la eA.'a .o, .& -n two and I--- deensina g~.n .1go Frech A., F-.p flin pio7Z at biadeloads a.alsi
wavat p0056 N74it 093
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005 6
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lenn.i catna141flg 1-ght tires1 hetoopte.s p Ni4 1-94
,na~sl~oeti of Ilvsd deianona of S..c~ali saigto of A.- PopCe peisonnet -,00e6N72 IdI0t Integateed rolto bodryload,piedoction
data.'.,A ~lets o'fl dhe
(eI~ na Poe -ng swe.p FACIOi it eihdicattilIptntinoIf A.' Foice lIN p0057 Ni7l 10916
bech a nd hi~ghlIft damn.. 7214 ORCED CONVICTION
POD
IAGARD AR 481 p0048 Nil 18023 Plcofialq among Frenc A,, Foat He, accranr
l-Vs end forcednnnc-sIon .ion-d metal heeel
Plo~dtlOlsint problems in da,.g and 01-tow
.1iao Ptc-ahlq amn1ineA.Fp yn . .,t p0299 N72 18948
%C.0d and itwwstný .. td i.'ne.h _fn p0098 N72 141 12 FORESOOIES
(AGARD Ii 6021 P0183 Ni3 28279 F-an
.,ch oolin .n..g na.gif.On peisAo-ia Porerody and Inab9d (3tg fOig~t.odt
ot
N2209 5n3pS~50On Itela. pl-r-cn.,e a-0Otit 0 2 do..g 8 -ant--
,AGARD 158641 00184
5
N74 22914 Oioetopmaot 01 piincedsriti SInepoting aat'O's In a.tog igQht ;, 6 N72-i67IO
WoInaa.es
tI'me depeandentpioblem,1.o od dynamic effacts of spatlat d-.uonenaton ingoanod based sim.1a:0. FORGING
p01115 N74 22918 p00?] Nil 2W045 St's._, :o-.~o baflteon f Me do Innp.g. made flit.
t~N~weisnelstmniman oi M.og Ovoensnl.at. s ieil pro 0'nc., ttl.e*0 and medical s Iteleo n ot0spa-a At Zn Mg Ce ailly p0288 N72 2 i92,
Wm. p0185 Ni4-22921t d'so.aiai.on p.001cm. At lrVig pel-sonn tmp,ýonaenioftihp~ol-teclsnlofghte singlthIt Zn Msg
FLUID PFLOW p00i3 Ni72 2504 C. elons. ietsemmorna pioedoh dnc 'ItnV
Ilnarea hll
F rantsiat, arid fcd PFomlAfoiweoný analysis se chafnnel Portaebletapa eneidetg system lot loonglawm inaghnes andties, Ooa10on piooenle ol tstel plates
cant1.1 p01 13 Nil 19530 ECG acoid..g of ftying peltio~non p0073 Ni2 20501 end li.gongs p0204 N74.231 11
Oi.cgn tasting end .s- of heat ... obang ts
..in ii'dniiia Aptilod fotteovaty lim, enaigo o, flying parsoonnel FORMING TECHNIOQUESI
.ad aipaaaIplhlfstlane p0074 Ni2 2W.59 Fa..-oat.1n ol ohat at.and n-ket fn s oon
IAGARO I1571' p0299 Nil 18946 tnn iininrcesytigpiwneoeovs bladesard d sk. oP029 Ni I I 392
DqAneoomfnt 41 ach.j.laaVa-stosn tloe. Dogg.e naoc- t.-.l 1"A f- FORTRAN
lottinitint to itainia"I oeio.tlns o1 11ic-ig fl-u AGARDC I_3 991 -o. p-od Coinnt.0,Piogiants In - 4flt- 1 notcal oopan-et of
F,0200 Ni47 25505 Dtea 3
wale.965
eap0243 Ni3 33539
Nw- z., Ana.,,ts of Na.s. Sti.k,,.ennti.-tf., Coln. 0.601 fitting end sleteooi pionadniato In ,g FORWARD SCArTERING
l.ea depenodent nontineat find floe. p0181 Nil 27299 paisonnet sIc. World We' I pO077 Ni3 19069 Pured and bacLknataing caused 5. b wve,01, a~
fin.eelemn methods in. livid flow problem, Cotn. v-io tests -I piadsnt-oaidicaloni toffnttg talk wil ,-isia onneetInn end Iltenial of .i-gn t pidc
0018.2 Nil 27305 pailnimeme p00i8 Ni73 19074 1-o p0t26 N7.2112lt
FLUID JETS CoInini-... Av.an --e In.,a e pinoet pif,,lu MIs-nn 1o. toe Itin
Ih atn-in, angles -9i'
Angola., loo-e-nn esh.nga s1ta,-,t pnhi mInding pinilig pontto-d
DOeatni 1-1ot onnd mouato. a .sl--t
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am-al ~~p0277Ni2 '2866 Cnleian'-a or'detciwon ca.aion and .nticsn FOURIER TRANSFORMATION
FLUID MECHANICS of dogs and alcohol .n P.,g peisA.ornl ad enacts ni Fast aloi digital Do'nnesoi a, spector,
In-ia'
Idaliseis i as_ i e-- fin 4 me. har, psand l O.geAtne,
nwina nomn,., and dap,.ats. p,0132 N7i3-10193
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p0181 Nil 2i29d Ding thaa alecsn A fi g aletmasend IIInno Apolceton .l alse. ton to piedicog tige
-net
MATHE(MATICAL MODEL POR FLUID MECIANICS nr8,'at itInes" OFl.ng Personnel p0080 Nil 2 1103 dotin air n ginend seal-c p0l12 Nil 19960
p0182 Nil 2i308 DingqsciAsin da,,taoIn cot saiton peisona obtained FRACI00RAPH4Y
FLUORESCENCE by, a.Iityses p0080 Ni73 2 1104 resinepiisin ... and-. scop -aotng.ep
Se~al~tsok
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7p 0285 Nil 138el
Wetetoitati Pobpne a-toiy methods In- mea snnC Initntent .0080 Nil 2t l0b FRACTURE MPCHANICCt
wake p~yoet-r ., l-n, 00-c woheat p01 78 toil 202906 5~-aitbitity of -us-i dependent and cral dougdapendant M~ac:hanoe piopaitias 01 I'ba,' ieintoiced I.at..a.
PLUOROCARSONS da.bei. as nani,,gat.onpisonret pC'382 1473 21120 p0206 Nit 270434
111ci .i pn.t.ne. Gn -natirin ow- nn e.,noen Othtnoiaea-a-n fatm~nldnsas Apocaton of na. a.ett I-l n -ctn A- 1.tnot
taOan and pleotet pence elati.on,. logs bleathngi no peilniann of najgtm litnnt entig tide coin on -i-kig .et. s.and.,d
oao edI-QvidfIlnnins..tn..s whol body mate mit-son
.n pOOSl Ni3 21122 INASA TM 0683031 p0286 N72 2 1905

NAi1171991 pOCOTeNi7' 20358 fiyio 9pc-srne p0082 Nil 2ll '23 lOO
0M streal c02865 $72 2 19-26
Elf-it nf cheoat toe e-tignsh.nQg.l 0I.e...yt Ptn~hsno~e
onatiig nd-los Compatibifi wit, lying Stiats n.oosn .,do, toymeasotiitg a0-ttt.n.
b~rnot..lnonmets-.:adAvsnt'ndeons A-- 000 CP 129! p0084 Nit7 13i 84 bae,.an e ate idcnooto in -sias cniision nf At
stitems nf dogs *ionle,kand baboon, np.e ta..nip' onnio neo ad 4clots p(12R6 Ni2 2 1908
IAGARD R 5991 P0 077i Nil3 17106 non. .1.gi-a t.ende1ds Io 1.4 peiknne
palhophlt~ ultiahig 0110.91
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A,-Aplcinn, -7~tt i. e to- oneetii of A."tte El-trntd blood O~assne in ace.p0085 Ni4 13787 p0287 Nil 21916

ADOdIrati of . gen.it method In.i, e piiiaii petonnet p0086 Nit I13i91 conferencis On etlents 01 m--iorotctnie ono ,echonicl
p>029i N74 15609 Idopattto soinnaAoeou pneomothoias it lying pa'."- 1
PLUTI6R ANALYSIS sonnetl p0085 Ni74 1379 st'OpeRDek6 ai0i0m - o N74ai23a08
Aa.,oe cr- ad 11,tle' Oerist inr-T isI t .m Pkk, F 28 A--~w ins to. Itn g -s cthe ,itebSI fatl-'ancrS
imOWiO N7l 29344 -t
adsort toga.. p0086 hid 13794 FRACTURE STRENGTH
pna btimalsinat
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020
Anetsivs o1 hetol-co~vtn ade Sult.1p lIn btin' -gd5 and low st.atr
Aot n d-nitos pOOSO Nit4 13796 p A N74 23t09
iglesito., blades twpn'inn 01 ha,.4 5 sa hnknN1 h ha E60 to Some a-an denanprents atgA
f..o and -t.a
IAGAfiD A 6071 p0051 N73 21920 dee -ail.t., 1t.'g lin.,, pyn.hlmlnonal lapin' Min-I-ninttnnoaIo,.,gsofiieott..ees~slerneolo gh st-e-gIn
Evact of s-idea meuss vPntonso. ispo-e of in 61ý patte...s p0086 hid 13797 Steals 00204 N74 231 10
allel .
sI"eei
--ie"'I- In'ni
b"a:--' twin Ootttoo~a.ra--ii . dahety- flyin Par. FRACTURING0
da.-- ai lanehokcm p02'92' Nil7 299 tO n-t 0086 hid t3798 nnhesn t ce-nd's loOl-dve
wesso
Com minis n- NASA0 Laiglen, aseacl.o- tatoi Maaemn ci n ncg..Am g iie.Ag nortla bn G-It p.-tntetioa PC 01 Nil t9'49
6
onsteardo aoyni Itotia. p' lr mtost: oOD@5Nit 13799 A-:.aw. I,t fyn dotes a l 0--0 8 6 hi orcntoia
INASA TM X06999 71 D0O23 N74 18652 Cent.. atoacl. of po 1e.f-o-n- appi. o 0 hong and -cietnge p N74 13i94
FLY Bly WIRE CONTROL pert''..ne pOO86
0 0 8 7 hid 13800 Tee, .,s .1 -n-n tp-a. ir-socae
a' . 'm
AI.l1.-~a ont' 0.1-ietn1eireoe
1,no o Pin-in- ainisig . a.o-i-a. p hit t 3802 ntao Of ettin., caeuOO8( bid 13795
sih e9'" un ece1r P0025 Nil 17009 fire --c-nc of etoarte.vmia i,,n, and
"l'i ninhig PRANC
PLYING PERSONNEL tnbtect 01 isa 0581SAMA cad.cnascol d'siasa tl-it FIEeseci~nrw-tmtoadloim rfo
26
Ph",...Q~~~lis 1Cartroa.pv~cl11es 00 7 I83 I. Fiance nO 3 Nil 16690
of l ,.Ag p. a-sone pOO9I Nil7 22302 fIne 0'hone or 1-abates ina,-io
Aiio mean..
-.. of Snitoq',cem.ce- t in it.a-, petAise Fia-, o e
. 1~s a.,
dal-ntna
O ag-Osl aid na ... .ncoaenso wa hid O011 7 13894 p0.2036Ni2 20993
psm.c,e tItte P"I9 Nil1 223931 s iapetci orf...-1
a'.1 ima 2 h- 0 glut0 5 [...A. Gnicann f01
.vtho-eopsia Prerce, nauge~'
oon'at and
Pleict
in,,t~-n..,th.d,..,s In' Cana.da-. Foice las sdagosi of dal'seles *nfitilns -u IP-01 % v tots c1077 Nil IflOSS
008 7
fi.- ps~~netpOOSi Nil 22305 p Nit 13805 PREE FAkLL
P-nice ece and bass.. lat . 0 orA 9
- 0- FI-e Ge-me A.',in a.,o.__A_es o I can -lsa' p , .e- (AIc- in-9
f In-c,
0-1sn hi.-m 4-.-5s~~
c dne
9
P.n
p-torn. p00 ) Nil 22307 ga00'87 aNaie74O i 13806 and snida is. Is pO.29 Nil 19125
Pnns.I eien,~ a-0'comeia 0mm psychot tVeto itgigeh, in 1i.-, '-a . goen..p.- FREE FLIGHT
h Peepa.ctmethods in ae"'opao.e fd--n tIn pOIOfiNi 20738 flierI o,,t
d~t to-I tienO-: it.-. e 0. fli.n'ls
0092
p Nil 22310 Manoir of ce:n,.e.t -imdici- end e-lirnI -bw ,e
Og-ig ef-e,,oAietP 0
rbe ilt o--tt c -iot- asn- 0089 INA So IM 0 6 74151 p-9l5 Wv2 I 1874
coo p35-laecs e.ni acre,11.OW93 Nil 22316 IAAC.OPD0CAPt- 154.4 A , $474 22'27 Ol Ihe th oe i-1a. esa n
0 45
Cadoscoa
'eeoeirt ne.,,- mIiimen.. FLYWHEELS dnor'1eitr Ni3 I 7i'02
ono ses emimoa D"3c 1 Nit 2231 7
p Digdieci-ta-4putr-rcl-rvattd-i FREE PLOW
Fo ,.t,f- -d.,ny1O,1gSA- 2 Ni2 19493 Apovn..matioo Attten -i enton h>Ia-i
W--uen
.0 Ba#LganA.' Force d,,-cg atJA'gpiop~ss Ir~onsp--~f' - e019 f~ar: oneJ -ia. wt nod tire roPr- in
eorcee-'o n{09i $~2-.22' FOG ltir of 0 in( deso oal8s-g- -ons
@ ri nAnitn- -
0 280
Traidanle~o~isatetn~e.-euaseInnv-iut~i tnr.-g
S opil do..- log , Ni3 23898 Flenil~ tn.oic -eistnit 8
lye-s Nseatd ni. USAF 5.hnni of Aaisoa- Men -e P000.. -:lambnha.o'
.NAE'mnd p26 ihil 799
euheiiit a .096 N'2 14095 ecr,*vir:nen odinmni--io 7 0 tvr FREE JETS
nevem~t
Madaluati e ad as. hv.oiu.diy towt 4.c~.a8o.- In tO .0v0ph N71 n0 3b8 Fe nttssnfo..
wct 1n-1sO in.I
i-etatioi,tAi fin.."Ii 00 pem0nine FORCE DISTRIBUTION Co-t - .-- oa
ofhm~t-v0 plait .0265 '472 tý0
Clnneiaoes
.,.prnannt .,9h Ni2 t1401b Step-a'Is Meetno on Itzln-.
',trpe.nt; NCH SATIEL&ITPS

f.".. An-g nesnet"06 Nil 14097 IAGAhID CF 1221 ,005S N74 1,098 A- Poole teetrsrO2l9 %72 12867

A -32
 SOJOJECT INDEX GLASS FIBERS

FrSON OAS BEARINGS PI.aoo .0,1 0..8 *n.-s n. In.. ge.

gonroolo.nn
Aetodo•ncme so-latIloy of F,.oo 12 1o, .. e..d fonl Oooeloo'ont0,..0..,,aI h.-onlar o-..8.,t Ioaa......4
I bu-i-Ohusn.". 19
,+)2 N74 14291
oIfn
| If n.0, troaff mod el,Cf ...¢,&I .oeoPoleroIld, !., d',ccl C-l 40001,o .0229 N73 20T,95 Facto coI'Inl.,,g p 71Ia.t e-o.s- boo' geo t7,b.'.e
nonboe end at 1 .ral 4antdsuo'.Žoel Mach ounb.s GAS OYNAMICb egoes 022r i47A14292
(NASA TM 9 6741117 pOl5 N 72 11879 Non-e,' ala y' c' lose tdepeotoenogas 4yneo'.S *.d ... 'no..o-I aol o.' l.oo of so ooeiv co* tooet I-
FRIOUENCY ASSIGNMENT eccuecr - g'go-.s cf c.oo- s floop0l2 N72 27304 p'etc-.g emltinton frot gas 1.0.0e 0r9l0 tolbuslor-
The d•je•ntfwlfoo of , ot.sleIOQn
t.lI
; OIlWQ.Acy bo•.ds GAS FLOW
ob&t~l~l10 GHe f ud•lelnt -. lnq ITT,..bl..., ýýdd-n gase•s-4 annllm M t,.(oa Do.. ootet1on
d.r.og .0220 N174 14295
JAGARO AR 42! v0149 X74 73498 .......... .alo.. Q0.6
Wci N72 2029- M..l........... 1 H, 'of n, t..'- I;
T4hedent.foeI-n.coftnt-It oh.I 0l 'go eoc.O fe ld No.00.'val e-'a1¥S., of n sc.-a, gel foaw en'l GoAS tURBINES
abone ITO04 ,00t.0 pOiSe NI2 2730" T 1.
p3ý149 X74 73499 ao.lo o fhree .. ns fn
on 1 2 ,net T,,nta.ol ,* - , l e. . 1 ec
iAGARO AR 42 REV
and 0.e lcmnat:ns fp: l 27r30'
1NT
20ronto o . - lad. p-0..
.. 7. Is
FREQUENCY COMPRESSION DEMOOUULATORS
Ogot edoecr.
o nse'ato l dg~tt~~d ~ttlynt. PhWA.ca%I,nto- of tofoe toto: lmo-S.,r. on,-:Ct.g9 [NASA TMAX0671231
115
..0261 NIT 22699
•t eso nt le l s.7 c .an'o I " ,
-. reT-,
FA FM
dls-d
d l•nIlo tO. -a..t. 3
P0131 7 10195
N73 gt.l n'eow
iAGARD AR 461 p0162 N73 11262 -61, 98) taboos
I ,I lay eM.f' adt,11'p1-e.1

4
FREQUIENCY CONTROL GAS GENERATORS 1.0262 N71 26952
.onoaclch'ao~ool
fo, l.emn l..ctn De-lo itsentof te.hnl 40 -a In enatna pe.Inotdm.oe Tolot,'an L 'tote 44
ol plower
p Onlttot peanW.t.
o.l Mela~oallce0 -. oo.,dIf... I
COh.ot-*.... p0ette,
p0119 Ni 23464 91 e breelhlrg cgefl an, .4n0s-lem1lt Of .. q.JCIoet get I.tb0,O o0262 NIT 26954

tO4:x +her.,Cscoffer p0119 Ni7

PrOT881.o 23465 INASA TM X 68305; P(003S N72 20983 •eoet *O ee
.n -ne h.t'c spacte and1 .
&•elo,s nIof enl atedl
EtOo oom
.t Is.m Itelnenov ttle• no GAS INJECTION 101 2(951
o'- f.t8 p0235 N)7J 23717 64atheoe.ce
-6 not 1n rac..a-8.j tWl~a. .o..a. " e 'e4o'c 0 .I'4't445t O
ý t
FREQUENCY OISTRIBUTIO:J ' ',t:etti
.,e 1,thgo. , FlBONi72 .03-1 a-I-.- , a
.. ' : t It" ,,
C t.a.c l
uIotWe ý.-c ,I t b-t-, I dete.nA, d I., OAS MIXTURES - toA, '226421 o24 t1.1G4

_z-.- o o
e."8'oe
08 .0-- C
~
-t~ Ian
ol
- "tt'
o. obt,ain1.0and ;o.It n-'. ,1
d
.e..o4~t2 Adl-nba' -nOsnotleln ntet'.t
'f tn dIo'a, .1 T0I:ICona', a too-
I,,
.1
0-t- -, I,'-*,.. -n- e- *,- .- '

m lfs e.d o0 l ,Oo00.1 a 'c

m.I t ,0 2'' N i72 1 16 8 ' t ' "n t u"a ""n I gat I "t' , .-X 5 4 1. 72 1 169t

IAGARO R 579 t11 p0030 'Nil 15080 TURBINE

GAS A-la ENGINES A..--' C l.t.--
, tne . a-,' " I
F REOU ENCY M ASURIMIFNT -,e, g1. s. le - A..3
1 e. re-! - 3• .1 ue. •l, = 926 ,5 7 00%

f P.. . ,
ai of E,•,eqe• d- .q. o:p,o•. Ca ,-a .. 1 0>ll1 110.1 L-1O 7,a ,I

In, pflt79-72 2;143 ,02-7 %71 173 72 M , - :, -'- 2 - -00,7 ce -

F RE G U EN CY R ES PO NS E H .;v" •P a""-"tt
"• ' -m_ ..
1 " " _ -"e ' -. 4 ,
*'. ' c eta . a "'-1 '.• 4 't " "

PCe.@ P-Ma': -0,10 IC' a~p." > C<4 _oo cI to'

CeAn P-o7n ae t AaV'.00
., t.12013'.
73 236;0
'-- I-_.Ip0Si7
000-O0 N 7t23211 M Jto.as ojtcnt.
- Al 'oc
1 1 •e'.atia.n -Pn.7 N71 j1 7373
,o II -n -I~r:a a--1
I. I.heac.otol
A'.jo,, t< .ct atnon.,3
.~n
-1, :.~nt~ i..- a 1-o't 1-

t-.O.'pg7-tr00 1 obt
. :025 7
;1 N7t 7375 . ~s- -o '0t 0 212 7'3 21492

I.,Acl`9 N 7It 2346b - .41, 1o7' 1 .l'9:l`>

Dec~~~~~~~~~
leI '.lne'-. goa- a--.. p.I'--e.-te13Ac-'--e .7.32749-
FRETTING 00m- tO?"8 070 17381
I~rtotcrt.yota er'..-.A:
f , - A-4, 11 -, etta~. sct "'.AprtlcA-. '. A I--- o noI--a I ,

tI e'07u op tloa~ 11. t..le.'

ia , a--O., 9a#l,•
. 1• & tt
.,ttan 181 0.00.:p m .r"
i '0n PIl at r ; 21].737749'
!A0 AP0 AC 451 p0293 N72 ,992 2 , s, ,ea.,e 94. -of-c e --.'. - Va". A.1elo• oo'al "-
0 2 5 8
FRICTION FACTOR p Nit 1383 t.*
I_ nt O m .20"74 _Q 1

'I.aoe.Aoa -c o' A-rar.pc

'r - i
N71~t.'~ '184
-05 <-'
c.00 4 I
o*.oate,-eta.n•.• 00 299 NI7) 18947Y OI.oq-. .1,+%tao I.<eo-.-c.:,'h.horent . 1 ao.2
•q.rol .. I+ 174. .93
FROGS ,.025 8 'it '3861 A pt,,,-a, 01. i ,,

O0bS N?.
,-,; 203on CI- 1 olot 0 2 9 4<4
FUEL COMBUSTION p S N71 738 A.-- ,h no<o-. Iy,,a-t'-'h,'- --. : o ,
C•+osuw
l~lId~ f •e++1 • ."Z . I i. dý v. l 1g (71J
1"r'! l :, T.,I •+.I- • 1")-•
J , "•' 1.gh -1( 1-' .....
r.. ' efIc , ef:m P
t -I r.aI' , .. e'lIo ao.7,.,. .t - ,+ 1e - Io-, .c
,a- .. , , - . ," a'i C259 .71 '7389 ;:221 I.4 43.04
Ino', p)203 '.73 23613 1-.. t a-,1:l coat '.4%
'g't ';
I" '-a- . A 0f GAS METAL INTERACTIONS
t
FUEL CONSUMPTION r"4Io'.als .0259 Nil t7391
3 to''-tocnpeat-.-.- en,,,. o-o ls- . ' 44. "eta
Noe..aeot~~ttaor--o.-e~~L -yt nopN -p P'Ic',eo 8C.-.'4 '1m-;0,tO %l810 t, _'_.4 '-r' 1o-tWoeop-ell Al-,---.-
-"+
":" n' - edc I' , t"l -totl'{ 0 " q3t--
0 oub"e -Q., eoo.,o 11 0 '20973
4 2 3609
A.0," p0)53 N73 240ý52 :.ASS CR 1153741 '0259 N-' 1 393 GAS SOLID INIERFA ES
FUEL FLOW0N0,
AJ."a.'.elro "t !..6
o,,J { .. ;:-''1.
I 'iont "04.0-.0n00,
•,if .r-[-
jd 14.1ot Ic"
1 totopen ,o no~lU
t Int-

tllt..'
;
;I1

eal' l-,",Ic-.,oo
l0I

'.'o to. 1.
n"
A.0 2 6. 0
p
rm-- .n.,&
-
la7
.;Ie
I• '194
-TI(1
Io•<
470.00
.r
10 "
+ elt(,%|e~
,tI .
~)s ' -- l
-ld
,

I'. IAtGAt-.. t .aa.'..;Ii oro- gae a '';01Ž0

Žn-70jto ;01'~tŽOI.'t 0 ''' ,AGA',! A. 21 '211t7
AOA-,,,e 9Ae . 159O 7 2547 nI c Iu, e -'-,taes 0290 N7 I 17309
In 0,'l
1. y -p, -.ot 01 n,,.-,: GELLEV PROP[IANTS
saft th•9
oL.e. ,7r2. 30,-
O( AP 1
1a'' 1 1 40.-
254-a0 AA(--AR 4o•ntIo,,
4e,
2
FUEL SYSTEMS --
VI% '.1-e• pO260 N7 I 17396 r77 9. '172 681
A• a:n.: nue" 14<11,0%le
4 3 Ijla ••t.9C
e'atho. Ot..atlol.-4l Ž00.51. :,-10.4 IIt, 440 ',-t,: c.. ,-er:
.l Oa',.-,o 4tpl ,1-0) e,o, io,le I.0ltot t.ed,..
3
p0262 N7 1629 p02-6 1 017 l7402 -ath 11,4-1 -0)23
02S '172 7689
t
FUEL TANIS P-,1-. 0- 4.4 "- " ' a ' 44 1h,-h-, e4gr,•. 8
GEOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS PROGRAM
lEt.tIO •.o.tatn-Sa .n n.' .enI+11. o~f St-at 1: ,,eItsn 'n'l-1.C oa-. nI'' a-,|
Jf80ar.evP:e eea'c,t . o.otlootIoe 111-v;'a I;-n l.tn,+'o-o •
.a'"lll'- "C "ce" .a'• oo'ar.- ''r l l I'"l IAGAN0 L5SS
46 7ll
11z.02h.'a i 1I-N,7.2-t
Nit 269LS
S -. e a'I-o Jne'a;a•a

n. •a
9 o ,o.I t . n.i nrc - n- .t.o:
oavp i i l%.- '•n ' . , p-b • - '*9 a - I c n- - '-
" t .n '- a- pe- a t . , G EO M O R P H O LO G Y
5
2 h 2 N Il 2 6 9 S 2 0 8.4 , --.
,l --- e f , .e. t -
.A- +.
f lle's p0 2 ,3 N 7 7 'I I L )tO,
FUELP'•TESTS
* ~ +t Aym~io;(r'u;
+ -, "Ae In , , OotgS
:+{)~q
01 1 a.,Il•lo.,a,.enI-jao ',,00.-
a d s""la~e I:a-7,"l' vI h~e 0,i.-,5 In2 anetIJ0-4.'.o
G rIZAmT;"W " l'
0;ol.i p..a I"I
Or..-
O 2,
e
2"tII
i
Ale,
'hef A.o'aft 94$ n410.0e pO:62 N71 2h953 GERIATRICS
0 4
:NASA -- 12,8421 p 25 S12 I1694 vo. -I I- ft . ,. :'A 2 w 1
7
FULL SCALE TESTS ' 2
0'-'eon~e-,o-loGERMANY ,0 70 *0g.,--cr40 2 ?0-Cl if9s. GERM j-ANY I :Irno-col
I_' .0..2
A 0 - _71 2695 -% 4 A
aI-n8l 10...-CIS.'>-Ot'..--,e.o, .nn ,:a+a.--afie•i•"J '<O -n~a.4•.7n
(i;e o-,-..:J14.11o.,l1..1e. ton,- -3t,3•

01C.29I N INi Ioll 269569 Go-'-.•,

n , ,.--. -. t:. , 'A;..
,4 " :' 1
FU•ELAGES Ca. pac. 1.a. -f. -o4. I.l.-.i.rn aa .e %, .;•.~4'..i,)104.'0
TI..epd'mtao,'..el c' *" ""*h•;' t.'-et
'e. " :eI'-. pa nt - a--"-a" a-I• go-."..- " 'o" -" •12" GIMBALLES3 INERTIAL NAVIGA'ION
a' 000.1 : '"I~Ot0
.'t
d al A- In, -o1 3262 047' 26958
'oto+laga u-S' NI 191-
3XQ AN. - ,A-lel, 0. ...... -, .. a I .-.I. ,.n' tcrd
-. -ct --
1 0 t--a c . .10
2 I`
*;: . 89-t
Oolle'.all ~do--go of [-
'nd-f -ea- n.oltg p . , 0-- t2r'
4
NI) 1169 t GLASS
3Q103
8 arc-a ct ne02)38 W,4 :5614 A- . A

GAS ANALYSIS .A9'.'

Aptl.oatn.nn' + a7
- 4 t.< . o." <:-ioe , to 1acre 'a-I,. a ImCr7e.l .ata'I i. . 1 . .dc; . I n•' 1. , ".,. . A
1(1+.. . -;..i

I o0hatc-o~ 0 o .I"c onla i3311 -I

.~artOO - - I ,.

IA(',APF ) no; t681 1 I. fW 3

{W" I,; 318]
1 0' 1 1 a " &l'-- . 'a ''n.- l ' I -- q 49 " . •.., -
t ý",, II 4'
1.2 10f 7 t5ýA
`
IA(IARUCt•,RAPI -A:..o-.t~
"~npon.d4
16.1R I p,017 fa
N74 229!99 A .'6 - . ,.t .n, 1.a1 ,rn'."
7 4 aoo .. oli a
A I at .

GAS BAGS . .4....alr tan..

, AI p, " cl, .' . " - --- 1;m .ItI nl ,o -

f.0"
1
~~ 041-.,
aac b.-Ia lo9'11, a--e p..
p3'Y799N072 191'' 0",on
-

.I.l' f
t
}Inc'
0
,-.
1 2743:
ab'omm
.. 2 10]
'1

0
(<'. - ca' - "'Y
1. -99 0,12 l9t+') p-P5 ] 90,: 27494 It .' d, I .- 1 1 , 4H1

A33
GLAUCOMA SUBJECT INDEX

Ioi gas tuMrbie aegina coolponaentS to ape-ate in figS piopegetnin end .'-iron daisgin reserch and peronienoaV oi gyioccgpe mrth two de4grsee of
vii O
Inewpetire ortntents p0213 N73 27495 p03(S N74-216t2 hseed-c c,3229 9173 20696
GLAUCOMA GROUND BASED CONTftnI Oyneeiiaill tuned gitt, in st-apdomn eystecms
Managemeont of gleucorn. * an ege~no fl~n popola Meass.,.n-*, -- athods arid error anajysa by go.urd p0229 N73 20897
Itorot pOOBE N74 13799 Ieiin.nels tor optlwuemgseatesrie coimnm4
0eii I~nk Parer-ea,aior singla acre fsoard gyrosPopeswhen .r.a
GUIDERS p0133 N?3 10203 in inetia sy sio q,, ng rapd gniooon~pavero lot
C-_ on.1girdflseiai ah .. .9nglasslf.Eeiamid-15., GROUND CRIEWS al-o.ihat cr023' N73 20%3a

ned-clou and norasted stength p0211 N73 21486 groDundsupp-i plilsouno. ofa-o
al e roar
Pace -. atgIpct lr.
00t
OLUCOES yR IV,t trot1 p0230 N73-20702
rho. iapeatablstityofat ablnormal 2 host otlucýh olerenne Duq --r.nin dare fur cmii aviationic-ra- , rened
0
taut doigitoso of diabetee .01ttlul -1 prdori tfr006, OO N73 ' 104H

GRAPHITE 7 185aROUND OO6 EFFECT

Clileroraneris thermhal espanS
vnt.ata mate-rats
temperaur eforo
160660 AR 31 7 11
- -r-as.rWiMgttaI
pOZ9g N71 2t 5
Oatoavouan
ren4 ot inuao
free eiarT
pdrciby5-ltaiuOpera,-u
_nfn. M-
1
tal't-
r of g_ tinJ *1 lAidCvAFT
'-%
2
c,2
n ~ 126 AICRF
2 ttapituc icaf eeomn
Nit
n
20066
of plarnm A1203
Thermal aqlr-ao behavio Stanaeop tong vp2 S 947329907 ttigP0027
en gtotois GOUNDEFFCT MCH~ ESHABITUATION ILEARKcING)
far scrtvA.d~,4h.-GRUNDEFECT"AHIOISA propoSedhaborvatino labyrinh IPieserion of serve
IAGA6O-A6-3S p0299 N72 24660 Minisiom mhigril; deS-go It surface effect ve, cmco titiih the P N Sr N~0
74 20737
Fhps-nl and eranerasal properis of hvgh stiangthi thessane search tectcnijoa p0297 N7 - 610 14A61$CONE
fsghr Vocdufvgs-nfooc.ingtfibtavdi andr,1-c re$in -nioerpsi GROUND SPEED L.I and drag intatniaCa nh.,t.aorerIio. odarta winged

itnatenat p0210 9,7327475 Posh~br 5%ard 1-14-ra nt fot"

inetgni 1 tacd -9r haIl Corns -. 1. leadg ediger .0002 Nt7t 193S9
GRAPHS (CHARTS) corrcetrroe Doppler runiodes dav^c p003 1,72 ;1923 i.hne~dinooeontsta-r-r.hall cnoie Pretss-r raids
Inlotn gahcl n inlte tcatrat
"ahm GROUND STATIONS and effect, on Vtake t mo.ntd atfia-e- to a -tIca
wentovroa-8e 1 tamrs en4acteriod to humn ceorrit Mollr-'rton obsetniatmt N-nenibet 1971 Marc l-oseag p11003 N71-19367
o"p009' 97 2330 972 p0167 N74 1407 T Iles of hlfa core angIns tot Mah on-~i 3 to 20
Tabtolar and greparinal summarrey of humn 'VlCieoe tO GROUND SUPPORT EOU-PMRENTJAROAP13PT1 17N21564
prolonjed a.-vrti u us.
Cnwpnteraddnu f rpi
p0096 1,71 2334r
ito-marionn0
Oulnpmolo
. It lotes 1 atad
0hmr chahot ot space go-ChIS and arrayi stemsI
Ti
ot elroruEORP
fnte
HANDBOOKS
3 T3 ~ 7 7 56

.1t-1-toeb kanhoadrdig order u1-coa -n.t- of d01ay Por7219469 Handbook on grutio medic- fot sale mantel and

decr- pOt 7 N72 22170 Po~i-- -"onrc of a 'ro-

cirguS tet -ur phySC41health of e8--ew doitrr3 hi-ghr O7 7 45
GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS p02t9 N74 14285 160660 AG 1541 c0? 7 45
Spariar di-soreltion -o hiigSt A hacdtuolNc t;,- 7rr- GROUND TKESTE Spar-e! d.siieritaloc in 1 Chi A hacdto. tot a-CIe.
160660 AG 1701 p0064 974 246 Htqh Reenoldls -om. aern,oasmir groun lening Pt (60660 AG 1701 o0084 974 12746
GRAV ITATIONAL WAVES iouno, resi orocker s.1.0s
-cmn Karoel01 aeof atcl~dcn and apoloa.oo to
acoruIstc meeffects,
gre,,y-s- * atnoseo p00 16 9 72 118865 ranifaion pei-neol
Cotý.aI*,n,. on
heot-ras-ro .1 radio ComttunCa-ctn signaI GROUND0 AIR GROUND COMMUNICATIONS IA3,ARDOGRAFH IsarFell crooss 974 22727
60660D CF 1 151 p0134 .973 141r3r Chrrl.uo ..air aicnontrnl
C syste- in .- Cl~d AGARO hadraltkn riocroding 60600 Li ra-es
Comparion 01 uoptr-o radio --an p0Wag.1 or aM rescr-ptoc ol erocciroo ror~ihnects and :-oracts rot o0O36 974 23497
.,nu.c g . inve p-o o o p01 34 N73 14,r2 deac-g m'oiel e.. omen! p0232 N7 23692 HARMONIC MOTION4
1
EenIfs of acnjst.c g-cun maedhinc -osoper-_ brr -d Ir-d, .i ir.] . onrl
-r-li sam ad.- noni.c. u oa ... a...c.r nca crct-ga
borruduires cP0135 N7.1 14136 deunolrtnn or uritomue lot
1eir -eesd 0~" wirgp-nmeceitnhe..-rrcirce--lpe.-iart.
Ph, s-t

233
c1a1
uttra,",, mn gwe rdlr..oa-.hr ra's
a';st-i 35 e.973
.- 141ý33 saet
"'c~ GUIDANCE n N73 23696 f'w --u.m1n p0050 973 2 1043
i- iMOSIONI h ARMONIC SILTO
aClui oSCIaLATIONor od ndoaloe
Nu1clear Ch,-ce mod- orl~eotncitrgonosohvoi,
s' d-sirb 0osnan tang-c 16i guidan ai conetool
00010 19 4
ara;
.. throogh ga ywnsp01 35 973 14141
0costc 00500O 66 '31 nO 972 25-419 br, ta~m- acd T tar1 sn-aces ha-non rainy o-cilisirg r
01As,mnplto-c
methods lot drlemivrng propagation arg-ge GUIDANCE SENSORS sotsri om --- pPwC0CC? N71 29335
of iuwnal940thI matc tavern9 at i0nnspiraih.cnghrs A-p1retl-o of 0-r-anc law cr0-or ard 00 dance or-. 6. -z.:-v
Fulolioian o neni 0 0136 N73 14r44 reat-.1
Itr sinto ntrel~ewanoorrr nt.iirine
"ion rair -- Itrio - i.taun~k
:-rri .A
Fotw, lllt,-11density pwrl~binraio p0227 972 27699 mehdcAS 7 94
na-ised P,, gree, wns- in F2 ragon p0136 .473 14145 Cma-eeru < 5 0 coirn to00 sihNnea- N7e 2931
0 27
wined F -m,1r..n, ceno crited 3"sl contrDol -- actl rr is-oet p 2 N72 27692 oord.g-maiwn t w 00 otosi
p>0136 973 14146 Testing I an aririodnconitro uniTt o,sodnodiOgcats" .n-:tress-iiAe Iotem OCO10e
N1-293S0
Iorophnr gair y-ee elect,.- GIEP0236
.m.iuosud N74 14349 HARNESSES
low rin 01t37 973 14149 GIEVANES ArcelaIon pb.- irr otulen' 1esigo -noc
C e-1 -

Detection Or tinp pheimaosvionn

b raar017
s,: b as-soCur37Nros
n
ounug93 4 l
9ia.aio ga Ar., g solm
iobmn;.02609N71~ n noi
-on rv-isla taaIa.,
.g de vanes of amesh
C, tot ro4e g d t --
17396
rec ter harnessas and .^ (l-- sea nosli-nsm
1-,0
HARRIER AIECRArT
.aCa1an
an rPri
V0104 N72 19157
Milc-onien mat deteciw end phoroIq;hn onl-en-1tet u
Ib.ire blades soubed to ,anad-t coDa 0rrrrg 20 3 o.e ro-buc H airtnara Oscar and compter n- r with
areo
w-,aueniooshr pQ1_? 973 141S2 Ion p N73 23613 prore-cr -ng map ne-r of ti-rg err.I Ieel
trduaio a-de-ilo
Erntonaon~ccos noero GUST ALLpVIA7OFIE 1-d-1noie ad coma-roa data v-,po-Posnd 24 urn map
-inaou1- gvi C 365S deignto Ccr qod handlig -n inuei .02 972 22633
In- mu
!rpaa-noch""cuv'
wae-n .- ,isoh-r D region p0137 973 141S3 dennioweu .1 riacign triter-a In, tio-Io ag1an:y Post stl rdia-n-c cfaatec ot Nes- A0I
Rdrohsanar 1-on .1 -!-n train In- dar -gi- .n se-.- .1 -a.- gus efc~te, 005" 974 17741
.raio1 a C-aN and doalnn oI IN enginr,.ng4 deurne
9
aitd. grP t mAte
-- p0137 973 1415 A new acr .c101-nhalaon Se-r *"arb
or fat V00 3 973 15014

Nigh ircni adar bucksaiier errou -o . gi an DR.'n lO0 dance atptmca1-o to cotol051
"oca
stararona i.es'gn caied-anee-I rrio
dealer-orgtIsuph utrocinre andgal mane,ditrb 0 SE 2 10 .- icioh p0063 N74 17745 em .1nms SA6 Harev s.aircaf vo54 973 27005
oV
acvp0137 973 14155 GUST LOADSEA ASDIEIVARRF
2
Ihoeoa lie etmbti odel tot caoavom0r tto 10 8 N71 23414
9
i .. qin 11nl ,erwee.n acoutic 9,as-, wave and uso p) 71200HEAD (ANATOMY)
eicluagnelit waesCs opher-c d-sInibanca Co-reto aro ence--9r utg9- oaotare onl.at-d Iro tet.1heraad . 1.ictres~r.t urdn-ater cait-d

p,0138 973 14162 conigaclaorrt ontda etr010ate deoc.a.ew-i01 0100tck'rIQ47219135

4
of re-ancelsso1.79 redo tar paths
sluvn 160600 Rl 6051 p01) 6 N93 2 00 23 t.u"
u to imai,
-Inc
.ry arrcahecder 4
p0139 N73 14163 Flight nrrbnc pioced-ng of coclaen-ce on D010 972 19159
Atm-ueew oari wav"-,eaIfled ocpici-ast
Whi aiolr-Ir nir.trc
. andm lni n-i 0 5 7 oprti Mon
0,rab0 hntal inrtpr-Ii-Itt ri
utisradiomo.. ogro in cI ia."C-g
" ortric 160690 C 140 cO 1474 17 ;It Oh0rptitr-.
11e of heriaffl peoirira-te
-ioyreidiiiancs P0139 .473 14164 5r1no1..a cerr- onr
5 ctr -Pre 0i gntI
-oeso D1. 9 C
A-0oStic greorir mit- Vertls in ae' 9q iiiiphr, t.oad0t in- er1 l r PP.r aori t arh
59 dun, 4u Oar.-ro ha-el 1rl,-ic.'o act;2
d. pO 474 17739 c,0re- iNu2c19t163 t
P0139 973 14166 A no cre ohira ntnrrl n~reiih HEAD UP DISPLAYS

2
p0id0 1473 141,58 GUS TS r.0 33 /1 231722
0
GREAT BRITAIN
-ros -- asnotnnilr-tO~j~l
Yiocrlnes n- ra.-uj
resecirvet
r.n
ntr
~. e ot- "Anl
i gte nno>
-lir-are~no
0137 9,71 2321
HAT lyr~
.-ir-tl.iu 1-1 n. *n.r-Iri-.i
1It n- n

(nsa-u03 p1`025~t 2313'95) GYROSCOPES 17

N7itr2 i
ICr~ioilo eairri
or Gear ra--lr A-mel Grrn tsar--ý
. er-I eerai- ne.ier....a .-
Forces p~~~oO~h07319072 Pb-b-O' rtocrrr ee o rtrena - nvo
cr-temoihota. a.t -o Ornr
Gra.n 6rao
.. bun P 508271 018 N~~t71
20002 siri l - k,,,r e-Ienc-

GREECE 514 2-hit: oP33 rp2? -it"n .- 13 HEAR

 HE'J1COPTER PERFORMANCE
SUBJECT INDEX
HEART QISIASES
Phy-.cal bass Of F,.og rd *4-
an~oo'' pt, 'Is *0
Elf.01 or lef~~.lra~O0''1351'o
"1:.;a
ap-I e1 -. 1--1 e condlionso, '- o.ic, -.
Ao.-,
a.1-'-a.,
ag '., b
5''I 30
g--.OOlolg
1 ~ Oh.0
l
6
100
N'aao~
'74
I
IAC.CO CD SI1 7 i pýlO9l N71 22301 AGA'In AC 1691 "0l~ 67
N 714 "'A 2ns " "o":.'-V"0-n.Ola
EIoloa~~o~c*o
codboo oool la'd's 1 HEAT TRANSFER CaSFFICiENOS .lsy',lad, ''- 4ll
o vsca' I ros to' 4Q.g Pll. p0092 N71I 22314 Ha Iasl. n] hld oea.'n-l 1 paed (lo 1K) .- l.cCl'',
.0tiload 1 l 3t

b
laosa SI*rS
fs. Off
.sI pO393 N7l 2 l5 Hel'ns. 11101<" d aa 00 le
7101"'o 0.011'1'1*01 0 0.S l"1,471 *
091,

to,50 lhs lQl1JllI..<s41al9a, larllbral1 -14

ag9_g pIt' o IFoc

A",F.-, p00') N7l 22318 0,8*01111 s.15 -ls ,0260 47 I7395 Sooe01C"10'3 1 .l ;a'0 l' A ou- Pa'

105Le.ro -1
-lclOaI.Ogl.9 4* 1 01 11110 ..Ha 1a-1al .. l.Q.O -wla l~lacss vC
9o11a
026
~ .CCl'01.lo'--ia.' -. >
heart1 d~l-a o.- 1 Gelta Al nc 0 N 71 1)108 ',005 7 1.
ý;4'07 5472 14 103 (no 01 ,'agc .00Iarpa,-l:1. 11 os (0*11000. e-: 014 ~431 -- '04%1p-1
10056
s_.. 10g`
.14 '0C914
Ra~'s-gann
..0*.
onal( .r14o
X .
It.'l 00-0,-.
1:_1
.-. 0>15 I.-O
la'1NSA
" .d I,:.
TM 0671231
c -1o .
7n b1'bld op-cl
1,
02
6
1
N71 ?261.'
-
Uc' 11 -i-I.-~rlo1 ~%~'s 0 0 5 6
10 011

p0085 N14 '3788 HEAT TREATMENT scsp 1174 109-5

Cad's, .aN.lw.paha -an i-g.l0-101( lt-I40Wei0 SIsa l'~"Cl5150

W01.. 111 O d 1751 l "lej* 11 10'(l loadsIt ed10'
l .101 s..Itl51uH
. o,.g .s- s pCW85 N474 13790
.a=11 4ool'.'0'1l O l- pI. . '.nD a. b-cl -den 0051 '074 '0916
1,1110l101
4
d8' 044 ' 0 - ' ' I,' 9-2I '

a5""P lo0- o1 pC'l1"I '3i" -o00.¶ -111 .41 -S 11 I ~-

h!-P-4.3 - II

aa0.ad
Mooa.0*.cla0'r 135VA- 0r021-- al741ý

000. '*1' 01. 0,

mp asýeltO:
_del 'ae p. _e0(I43a0tI, , - - a

IHEAT fIHANG(
Or''10'1
' 0 100 .Oo:. .'fl'0 HELICOPIES CONTROL
03 1 3,)f-'
HEIICOPT' S PERFORMANCE
12267-.71 9(

7
JAG-APO LS571 P0299 Ns , 18040ý I.90 II 1 1 I I 3 . 9

'~o Sd Ia'o'~l'Il 191

:a9c29.7 jC34 %72 1 1934

HEA FLUX 41111111111 41--~ 1,01le ' l' 11 r ,

7'101
4od4''0I,_l00. '41'", I,
'--l 250* N 70~ - '''3'l(7104'3:.-1

SC OP 71019a1 0190 -. 368 ".03 %I l.,

HE TAE.T
U N
o ot.s11a-
0259
!,n
1 11ý391 scA~
-
I ý
,
1
.
'
10151 1.'-1-.r'o
: j .1--'0
", 1 I ,Con
0,-" 1.14
,
3C
I.,-l-.i.

.- 'a'
f
1
'o .."i.-.i 1

4
:1'4'''
I%
OlICldp

140010 C It'.00- 0 40 114.00'l11

N'

qpl'lI00'''I
FW El--. n.0'a'
.1 n a, 1414 I 0,.10

IXOAPO~~~~00 .'e8' 0,4 llllllO '4107 II

*0000 I:-'l'l ,210I702S1,11 . 1

,0211 20P, 4'I""' 2l1 113 04' .73 ; I 9

Cn..C *"lRa'» EIOPo10. DESIGN A ,
2 0 1 1
001 o''.- c'3~~~
3 N73 231,- 1>:11 .' a'1 -'.

1,77 473 231618 I ,Aý1010

-l.'.C-"C 7' c
1, t9'.9~
.3 W4'I

*01*1.04 id' p078a 'I'17120:11' 1'01 '

1
HEAT TOLERANCE . I - - 1''33r, -D-19 .'311

MEAT TA FER dO 46N 11 3 3

c'
0 75
II' ~ 4
Al 110 "I) t_'o

1010.0* Oha.1140 p~~~.02i)

-17 17 307 '
l..7l- 11I' '

5 ~ 0C 0'1
1 AC 4 1.01119
1'47 129131 (I''13 -4"
g-'

9 NI119 0114.11 eI7 1,

00 - '"" 4
00q05A
C.taa ans.. P111C5C- 1, 1.0 .4- '0>11
- 0 l 0' 411 01'. 4'' .4, -:, a'11 I
IAI'.ASD~ýI A 148, 7129499'421)5
Door,
* a'. 11anprdo--so 1-lhat0.llt 0110 4o1;
' 11 1 t $3

IAGARO~p
157 -799 N1,2 20931)

TI," .0000 11)0?'c L' 4

Ca 'AGIASI r'sq'73 ,010 20945 A j411W ''IIP .11 -9,00'N.'JI

00111'aes 01 ~ol
l.111.11lIII
41~l.4-l~o'C'>.I~lPa -:..''>.A-35. 1
HELICOPTER WAKES SUP JECT INDEX

t~leoaolob,,Ipc. onIhrli-Vope. d.'gosnd op.'at-o GOsg.d..acAloposo nod --so .1 heil-ir, fo' fl-got Oa'go-9 jo4 poetoctoos o I.,oc.ptco
- - ho-d co004.
ansIesnol.I'.co llallads Falot wo'k0ad *nd Parialaga' Icm pO''?4 N712 18162 h. , -1n,' I4ntpmioa a.,I fot. ,lo5.
coccto~l ottesictld by pinlmocpit.i Ityriuomns Sce lcadol problems a-th hlelIP -o o-ortd .ght sod p0360 P7 I 17399
p0059 N714 17736 toust14190 sci2Ot1.lonl"OO
5 rm P0303 N473 19989 Comp. I.,li50 opt,tl.,sliao .1 lIc.ltelsl '*t04 gal90
1,1ftI1COPTtR, WAK.LES HIGH ALTITUDE loir'bdes F,026O Nil '1400
Aostetcri sn *Pp-fltp't* tco.op dt nso.4m P.tri-5.40 O.,1- -o ccv .411 HIGH YEAPIP6RATURE LUBRICANTS
tootu od
C?, .n o ~oI0 ~ td
-0P-g
09P7
Pa,,.1ý
14
Itlo~tgI~l Assesstct. I 04 I~h
V!Iee'pe,slute 318bI~l0 of ty't~qtC
4
I.1 pedo''v' -. p0049 N473 21032 C- ..... an laD," . '0 .n tib-occ s to' a.sslt got -il,'t e,
1 p,025 N472 I11635
O_*avtptluI of Actosto, d0at Iltcfbj tar pc0oat.-19
g polmso ~ g n , An y, t O....t IF53 'tedmiWn
c-0 2 5Iocloo
4
go,
tec
cinso.,,o
,Ceo 'owowseh
ot,.
O-fletbobo'tce
0 ohOqhth
**'
,ccSooo
pitl.eo
ailld
.obIpfl acooo~agcsoofItc
fig- maf&-d pips- gl and g9-od bil-Sd~
Flolb
~ -9g..
hp sotIo.Ib.atsl~t~dP
p N472 1 1697

03t (AGARD CF395 31pO,.p726 o-plct. PtCto F

*ps'o'c- ace 90255 P472 1 1701
Oee10melt~o ol poocedo.. to. deIF~.esno.:z-c.tY sod 5 Y3 o ý f~O7 71204 HIGHC
Z TEMPERATURE RESEARCH
strencgth dOtlnbuin? of 0011.3, *olt grknasited by tUc,. Ine-ldSAl/AN 50 *d 10 s-sePto I ol, Cota on .. ,3 ltripmlslol l.t I-g ceast
albOO
0 2 3 2
blsdeco tto'oc hoal ol--'1 aGOAS N73 21035 s Po,
ho.olýo F~dd cF,'o.t p N473 23695 ol t1.1- cootog on blade pol-lt
Anal".,s0 of ,rtld, aoiody'cm- I-dng -~ n.ta'44 HIGH ALTITUDE cn.;vNMENTS (NASA INS0X 671231 o,0261 N71 22699
wioln of ralcoplei 010, bill., c 83,5
&I0'to,- ng flg't Eoeooo- la'0141 an ps'8cP..e m19s,1 n..,.. 0' R.s~lOai'og-.so rw.osgoa' sdpo., -n
undo-oonces.-bleflow ocdctp0050 P473 21044 6 000) to 100030 tfelt -g Parsbolic a", cooted stIl ghple-D.omtlure lasfto(5t lom PIP-cn P4*70 Io~nl'-O I"F
ODso cmilat
et, 0f tjehocto , rotor10biade desgo 803 1-0*elolo- 1 d pScnol pý'tlI N472 19'37 Spa.o 0 30 2
m~aom'vemoctlptc-o'.OnIt'Pt- aon.ogthe.bade cobod HIGH ENERGY PROPELLANTS IAGARO 6 565 7itl p N7l 36362
and = s bitlld look real rot0r I'0A0 Rght POsuboN. h *0*i49
noit v ,
tolt t108,W0'OI" al,,tf- o. ,,. elt1g.e Ip 4,o8h'gtt l~pF,,Q.tSmo
0 292
pO051 N473 22047 D0251 N472 1 1670 *0*80O n 6041 p N473 18916
Anofpaos Ifirsciodflsltc name pnodcsd by ot.,v *091s HIGH PREGl(UENCIES Allah competalotpS C-otn c.als to., teast ca-slot
*emahpsl'
odolnbs~ocstd
coa oo. pis S'-. Call.,' 0c09898.otl 8! P*3Set t~aeo-,oco 1.- 0201 N473 23598
F,05
x!1 Noade :Pnodtoe p0052 1473 21053 _--11 9 0*t leole
-p-oo~oc l.r 'sc. sod, '1GM TEMPERATURE TESTS
P ,oýoed-tgs of -f#te-o 0- '0:140-i 1gto~oe!gl -0'e-hnesp0122 0N72 '6097 q,6 10Paanp lAO-- 11Oip"t o go.,oa
'010- *AErt a010ilitam~ , CI'4'5otFl*5t Oc t hong: Sod I,.gh Foaso '01 Spllsledo 00lempols *.F'.,05t 101,1. 50'llm 51. C
I., O- n,00
0
admncia 'at.080
IAl'.ARO AR 611
al Otyi~ no.-c p'0048
p005,2 N473 2293 1
so eattog. of PV.l oltol 9l.-01 t:ans,,'oo
p0129 N712 21144 A ,IsoI.e., -- ;,~t
p 202
l
-'ole ~1 %7232360ý6
cpo c.

HEUC aloPYR perormnc Ift IdI it 01-~p.

ocean~ Iso -Kr.'OI100
I lot 01'6 1a4t7nc HIGH5
.. qs, iik wp p0148 1174 138657 HIA2AR:A06: p0300 S473 2-,969

6'akew
o atooao io so
I.t.I se-os.o" o0Žt9 N474 14289 ,~e s-i:-lpot 't
Fla.,0' 00 of00il o0031 N472 11916 HIGH SF610 I :183
N352172
Pos.lb-t,tt, soadIntlc 01 025t 800 d 'd .- og Fi.p'tall.,Iohto, ,0o. of -v. ,1:s.c'l
aIm-ode ,130 tI HISTOGRAMS
Coetpst.N4 Dopolet sposo, degsp0031 N72 ll913 sperd pdo-osve :0029 N47' 23421 A - 0,
-'', '].i h e:losI0.co. "-etrd
Ssteo- f,Io-' -. 9sogs-ot'!.W'.., 0-csc, ol
.1 pe 'p,' Pp ScAA"'-~
341 -o 1e" glhe -. 01i, oo ".toFohao.-
c4)033 1472 11932 ?cc oot to ,oci,Ipaca ceAA on pC-1eoe.,( . p5*8tlt' sls oF1 ces00C': .1
A~~~pan-ed~I. cotol-ta-o1
01 3 3
.r-'nogl: 'yteol ,o~ ople-o
"~coo 1,;,' .18
:)5'Ii '04 2-0-739
t'~ovl~cpr 1472 11935 j,0)42 P1`3 210F8 HISTOLOG
A-n 0 se:,ovep a-cOPw 805ic1- to, letI' ,'g'pct HIGH SPEED CAMERAS FPO.t 00a 0i.- - Ii, 34,3o~ 1 a-Ad,
15 '

P0099 1472 191,9 -l0-s'.o,

spe- 1,0200' -02 215504 HOLOGRAPHY
Cect'loo~oe'Olo to P~coilg9. 200* 001 HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYSHoi."-004'11--c"0;-sI
o00110l 5.10sP0156 N472 21223 .1 allplal,1, '1--~ p 153%2 - 1190
AVV, 1 - , ,,S.. - . rda- 'it,,r o, .SIt,,-OFie_J1 ""_', s -o

op'dooc sceoos
o'o~, pUl 757 IAGOPO C.
I40 991 p028S .'2 21900 Mlecsolcos8. >" c o 00

to Male
.0,5 .K1,O Iýl0jyi0 P.. c- Ap -'-,at,' oI 3eo',-'- t.01l1.p ', 10 op, 8
0
IollcI-00' 07 t ono 3 14003
'pI4700)0 p0267 N472 .21903 -" .. , I I.- -'-. c--.-1 '-o- -ej-

-01c. 0-SO'8 olrrl!.poS 423 190'S '-Ose'' -,'? -5 0 0 0 85l ,

P... to' ,-:lc,,, tt,- a .. 0 t'a. o
A'PpIc,:o.o 5 .. glo s-- lerri-og. Il,
qe-pe' P020' 1412 2191' -01lI-'> e-pp " 100" IP p11-" ''
550db o1)303 1423 1997c(..'t-I- 1-cl c . Inol... ., -~p'),~ ' -1,C9? 10722 -9

lI~lc~te-
co e6 o
t
0 OO
4
b N713 210120 p0288 N72 219198 - o1 -- ~s l :,Pe''o ~-a e-
O31b..to.. s'iope't-ooal 0.1c20,erO~she.0'
p50501st
0 bolos 13 / N73 21012
HIGH STRENGTH S7TEELS
F tItle &.4 "pe""'o 0pi10l.c-l'0's
~oo'.s0199
g"' "0 qlP*4t ~- ,- eo-,510';IA~lpP-
1472 25,500

oo'o~~~ Ae1ll-oloI' 4 Sl~

10
O
' ' -
a? 210351
Sta 1,i I ~l1Pt'
Ia.-c 1de!.:- - -jo- N
1ASA CA 13217671 1,291.12
I'
2S-3ý
a'c-
o 0 I~p. 01 sooo
sp~ot~o N7 ' 100dI-l. 1,,oPlseot'
1 0. c-II sjll
1
Ch.: I'~l-'- s n t.l a01I>,'l -p
AplsLof'0 he' 10911' '013"41 arl e.:e104l 'eelp , "o I.,'...'' s. Ju.e": -e o o~~p -- J':'- V0,s 2S 512
IC- o005I41 o0'' , 5190 t," 034P 981 ,02E5 1422 219010 HONEYCOMB STRU CTURES

.1~ hpl'-1,awp oalocc 0I-. -1c toi-Ot le 0286 141,2 21905 (AGARD) 6 S981 ý1:362 1072 33267
F.,dsepoa
41-0 0011
0 'oedesjt4 ~l~p---s 47 plg.' IO.PO
1 03-l o 1o~
1- : 1'o'-~I44i HOOKS

.233 26 0
p01 te' ellO-
1140. 0 'P' "tt.' I-Ito I~ - HO ..O TA IAIL S ,SPPACPS

A-.-t, .1o c p-l p-

1.~n aJ
.l-I ,.1 111026' Pl 219 ; 2301
N' ,-t~ p ~l eo.s~so 110 .I

sod00
' ~ C Olp
'07, 1 3 1413 26 206i dar s I07 pO.0 23110 'c SC' 11 -to TA151 ' FFAI
I SU i I

2
0211147)327483
F,0 02 ,- '51 .00 .,0 0 :1 23602 coool 11t-.11l"osla-Il, .l5t- . - .- I . I-
t
Pooad-'g, 0' l 1 -I 01- -I . 'lPýP HIGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS _'-_' --pl IS,'' ,- .2.3
-73 04153
V000
"I ~'l- eo-c-c d ; ~l0 0 '-80 ' 1 e'IP~o0cp'.-4 HOTePRESStNG
P0
lo'c~o' 'p ~--. 001 57I ' 2031? M. ......
.Is.......O
IAGARO AR 621 :4055 l0'3 3195,4 C-1'et c- be' QiýAl.o
.. Ic'
if'. ls "'lo 30
I~O'' 2 12503
cot' FaF- -ope oP 01,0
l- , I-; o Pit -& 'e A.2Z'l .... HOY WVIRE ANEMOME 1t1A
SIF a. t'Oo-t

IAGARO9AR "I opt'i'91N'4 99)' -CO s'l-'- o"12, - '' ''000o

1e-t..o

l>1el51os- 3't' 2.0ddc? oe lc as stP9i'4 5aP 2F1l '113 'j '19 'P. '.2 20244
N-19t41471', HIGH TEMPERAIURE OASES HOVERING
HEEIOS PROJECT A 1-1A ...
IFec-go dooicoo a"-I -I Is.clc -4
I'oll1.

34
9. 19'
142:1ýq A(, 1-1 NI !). - - - - - - - -

HELIUM At to2t e t t P111 .. "1: 1ot

co0cl Igo-0Ie,.- p117910

.f 2D2 3 0PO' :'oI0 *1 i
H ELMETS-. eoIo-lI-p:-P--.l.'
4.t'-- '''et'"

t
'l cI.tOItco~
-'I''4> ',-,s .1 '.00, 'Mo ('.2; l<39. 1~( HOVERAING STABILITY
t~eclo li-jl0t'. . ' 'f.ýC~'S' lt'tc' - I:- Ic;ttop'ec-o'
1
-Clo 20 195 - cc p255t2' 138, ot' -I ocI ta - c'

A -36
SUBJECT /INDEX HYSPID COMPUTERS

9." pO2' '47] Ž704 0'la. o'l- , .''-l-c.~ 1'"PI . loa 0 73 ?11,13

HS 748 AIRCRAFT .41-Q4a 4,.-,q

""aac,, -
I,.-a L4o00.l82N7la..2
L4l1"l .'#'."#I9'.'¾1 45na'S-dide, 748 I AOCP14 02 78 N 3 2 388 1 Ga7,00 4 010
a1 al- 00., tH4,7, 0"v

1o-~s'eC 00285731
NY 2 3I 1wo
70 ~ ~ t ga4. ''p ls~ '~.. 'l41 ' . 0'd-
HUMIAN BEHAVIT A ,078
.D21 N.73 23a82l 1Io.In o. lIk. I-7 s.
Y. aC
I0IO~~l~i,00C.CfllI-Cqaoe-vil (
p4371 N'
P'4..Isq
Ž36", lo~-4,
.40l~l
aoa..l"*o,...-,
q-o0lps
02'8
I -, .'e '.' ,ltt ~0235 N.73 3714
'473 23883 VI -'-,.51i 110-.o I0 I- .p40o~~
P7 I 04'd
74.., ,a Ia, - ..o &-a 1 000-5 -Ž
J6 577'2,9 .9
HUMAN BEfINGS H0 . .* 7040
*"- 4I. .I0 O'0 P-ao.
7' 5' HUMIAN REACTIONS
1.075,.
#IP-. 4704'7
In. C.4,*0-t,,I
C0211!' '73 23"91 P0,,
o~d37U 'IŽ0I. o~l ~o~'l..
.....a..... .I-. a~ ., ''-l'.'
- a006
1
W., *I '1 7sa'-,o">,q ,al
7N
a9o
71 23 763
-"alI' ~ 000.,. a~l.4I
.a,7e
0-,
0#'1I00 0 a 5ss Hal1,,
,03OI NY I 135D3 .,"
dec.~- 440-a-
ew~ 076 p
-4loeooO 69 %.74 139)8-l313
C 0 VC I
- *aC,* oaIl'
1
I
7
010I ~ a
ee7-.xg--., -1 toa- 0- e'pa p' Ad
I.@A0,*'so~l.l'aII7a
'03 l~ 000 'a I lXýa'
W-'' I1, 1.1, -. I iC,
aC..4 INC ' -DN75
0 213S37,

7A47C098 711 VadN?1911. .'.~. 008.4773 *" , a'IAIo3Ps4I-.loIo

'5 19'-2 o'< 7 13 *'1I '0'taa-r7109,

tna ~ ~ ~ AAIC ~
9!11'14 ~ ~ 89 ~ U ~ ~ 3½71 %.'o 2:;36 1
lýC

HUMIAN BOGjY jI s I0 1- 1

3 A'74-88,-
7 03'
''1*7'-.4 QS'
4-I 2C 9
3478

,,l 010? N.1O

4e 18R<.Oloa
I~ '074'C-' 04
"P.o. '72
1,Cal 414Ct
3

HUMAN PATHLOGY
70 'aa a '.. - . I.8
a~q 117 70 -41 51 12 1.98. 1.al".
Ia I It 0 - S C' 12 ',A9 1

73 t3.39
%~l

hUM AN CENTRIFUGE-
~.
2. 1 3 21 119 a1
o.I
l
".j. 1J sluW'7a44a 61-la.-l
7 IxCl"5
1
s 's
17 o a '
04
. C
5
' I C 7

04-74 1:43 *.41'-

I'74 5.74

HUM)ANFACTOR.3
ENGINEERING t UA

'.74 4
,II4-x1.
;b7' V 0CO9a :1356
'410~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
V 'l" , 87.
#9 I'.7, 4NA 1~.CANICE
R' S 14.oo-- ''
A 'M5 ""A
Iv--- -- - - -- --- - - - ---- 70..7:ý,

7114271

AI'
'7 ~47 .014 5 7 771 I 4t~
It. .4IC
-A-o '501
- o-sla...,l~-pl
(.'7034'7 23337

- a - I' Ir. I- -, .'aI34 NI71 21734

04,7 '9 14,

JM.f- 0- 7.r3 47'' 90 3o 70 a~7

7& !3 1'398

:
'73
-1 1 1, 9

4, - -, 3, '73 9',j ,
54I.

331' 1 1 4 4Iir

. ..... 'X84 'j,) 2I...8

a 7l- '~ . 7 9771 7 HYBIIO COMP TER '' -3 7

7
HYDRAULIC EOUIPMENT SUBJECT INDEX
HYDRAULIC 8OUIPM(N? ILLUMI1"Al"INl 2-sisg end P~oh.--l -- 01it ofsall dale cen~lle
H,d'eol., Ctoq menl to, b-gh Rsinoods .u-b., l~osng Aoplal,"- a1 lose,, as n loosght W,,,. I, h~g6 lebf-oel ost
polsnog'ephv pO.GO N472 2'50 AGARD) CP I1171 p0168 N473-24201
.'aup~
jNAS TM 06741ý81
1` pO055 N72 11680 AppI'oe.o- .1 .oo,. oo -- an -h-oe -. ,t'On05* E.10'1 o.aol 6o1oI*o10.nct
Ce~~e~eoie',ss~~~an
'gle~.n -nesedaIo ofp~ nlls* lmP50 C o.,",.-40 0 2of4 2ef.11-n-, fo' p0555 N473 24203
1,00 -. m~ssvles501 p~odocl'0 of P~osd.C-o end owv1,..: na-os oo,I~ p -473 33633 l'l'me-o I 00 Isamo
I~51.5
eo'gn PIXIES N'1 19(344 IMAGE CONACLATOuS P0159 -473 24210
ofd'abelC 0.1 comp-elfsofnnO, 00*5' of
05i~nc p"Io.nnn -Qlo'eh
oigllf.tllf0 F ITIAL GSUIDANCE
hyd,anl,P morn' and pomps 00066 N73 80O55 p0153 N472 I11104 fntl 41 ;,-danlce systfems oomoo~n~ols aod fech~o"Vg
vd'e~c
cmoos n,
mo -1 74 P474 16992
01oe i.ohnr In' o
to, lon
,- ff-,ls ni hbrm.1 end W4.-0 opldI in gn.daoc. ol
wod weo-1a m'ssl-

,n.a" 'p-'. a nd pomPs p0096 N473 19055 felminel go 04000 sssmelOO ip-l e
fl0 .lCl10 1 and'I
0
YPCAR8QNFLUILS Ch . o" '' 1.g~o-. .- ad--p,80 ic tI.,a lno sisa227P N72269

Ila.025 111171p0242 N73 33631 -WOa,O I-q0 o 1

t5',0 os- Ih01 I.n., bla 60,
02 28
N4732068?
Co'n doaod e-goa
byd'npo'50l.,
55 bob
IMACE
~Ao~l.cal.o,pf'.o!osf0P05
!ENHANCEMENT
of spo-'l I~lfong
of Road,.[, .-
vntl ,m"g lpsfn',-oo t,
os'go'Isp
5
oaplal-naloecoolaon po,fooao-s
o o
1
'on0sf
.1oen
. nasl masomeoI -1, mOl
bes," noOlOu.
p N72 117 n-'de'etsl "445 0
p0242 P473 33637 deago iof -PCrCf*sllmef Cod p8110'm
,Ano~t,[al Ieo'non-4- eppJdfodlnr [.I'l4edco~lamnaoI
ao4sP dnocd
L Isn,
(octebon v1 ~fl1'C~pol IMAGES 00228 '473 204530
s,"l'e
ao 1n""
Ad.abel-c o._no~lsn-
o,025' N472 11673
osiltnd In, deiCn-,g soI
Ride0411910 '00040...loOI, -mo~o. datapo0-ss
p11P72
OISIO~io),~
oJm
NA~t~esIll S!
iS Desgn ootltqlaa.on af SRAM inen.1 li0
0004003. p021 P 30705
anoocd

g--*O delay.o
- Tndr ab.t a' fo' ""' '. IMAGIN EHEOE L.I~o'i, ".i, of e.,i41-1 _Is- .ed ! .oI I~ei
02u2`1`172 1;662 Ao. .loldP03 500 0 1"s
0-1q 3 1 .- o.ag1-8S 0001 sssf-c. F- m 1i-I, plog -am
, h~of 732s 1
HYTDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS v~o-. N473 10'89 9023 1 7201
,ld-ndvf- :cloac 00d etp.l-onto 4000'n
on j. -t ''a
o.Ic: ied -g o -l., of lhe- a-1
1 *" sne i~'i oo'ein-,s, Tool ied1<oinoe -n01, caled
o o~Sh$:
Of0 -- C 0000k I~nr.l pwCa&3aI.Of 1010t, 'g .0to ga'eIo - 0. 4'1 *01
- 9
.,~ al -. n app.a 6 ;-~
co pe-
C'--"a'- e't'i o! -lola oo
"o
pa enoso',p0137 P473 041150 w-' - P'le,
w.-a 0o w -Foee- 0024i N473 336Ž5 p023 '474 14346
sly v A '.' .PIC.A Acoea t-40 lasis 00 onaca.0 loG 3 non, fable

7T278 9 a24 P47. 363

HYDROGEN N.4611 1,-101g4d2~
t ce'l-6g1s. leolp
LI_ a~"sc-.-l oe.-"' Pe~e
1. of r_110,q:1 A- -oa--s- ll o a' '0-9t0'sl.'aI'. -al0 1. 1e.A400 0 41.11'i'p of lneq.'-p-e1
00 -aIc la e P-n 1.0-00 .5. 2-00 oAmaeoto- p_,0 1.10 ale_. '.;023oN474 14346
g,

NAVGATION
p0287 N472 21916
IMPACT
V'0242 P47 333 7 ~ lp-ii
Lb..' nia-Oo oici-. & d~d04(
HYPERBOI o.ng'0 nlno doos~Ioof de_,,,10-0

co-l -j, a-eh -~ 911- - ap.n "'.p0229 N473 20694 IMPACT DAPIAGE 'dee- : isoiopmn .I of Co'r~iweii ft10l4'i.l
A-.e-#f --14 osfsenl eoi-oq i'd -ooa:-- -'I -e
C ,~o 1
-1 ~o~',1
-14-10, 1-6--14'~m
1
t .a--1 01unil0
Ifoo> S,-e" lidRlS' 7
WA7 143S3
U"-i.d K a n--.0 p0237 N74 143-52 Dn delona. o" p I. 'a b.; p0l c N72 19;35 .023
stIYPEACAP1N1A N- 0 ,a 1ai -an~ - n'eioo
--- IP1 Ii-.
-. - I--,.am.d'ese ..Ie' .......
9
PI.l....a.. i.e.
n'eioiCol'
"i'o~o n .o .n - lns1-'o--.ipio .. seo o'o f,0232 h7M 141-:4
o'-- "0'- Oyp-ap.-a-:.te
eb)Ooo0I1'
1
~le4'" NAVIGATION
4EFINETIAL

0 1
ao1,no6Plb stU 2io' 2'' - 0)015 ?l 20110 IAMo2II to ? 'I i, 0; N472 '91394lI'~'n. eocy 551 0 04 sl

'ah
RrESNCAIRCCRAPT_
n.1000
00 o ~ o 0'0'4
pO-,4l N72 116 -
IMPACT TIESTS
cL00~
'o,.te o' 09.e_'
"''> gel-ed
__,' 2 5
0
fnel
3 N472 ''68'
Cd ,'d.g410-o
tl.N'00-41101,
IACARD 659
S2 711
Iq.0tbill',.0.
POIO
14
2
579%0
n
-72
HYPERSOPOIC FLOW Coo."-'!~'a loo.g nb'., oe Adneoo:dDOpsie'o,lan. JIo-csi on
0104 t~~~~o 01)985~~72 19120 "'0'' 'O'd ', -s.

T- h- , - dý
do.-. o- .. I,
hO ,e ed. k
obe-ll o.o g.'.o-e jbeP 11bd "I
p''oo ed I.,
.i1 moo -.-of.0
.,ooeonnoo n ,-
l2 N472 191C5
00l ~ Po.ed<o
00040onnn*1
' 'es':
~ihoo'"'"
ce . "Is
11 -
n-n'4l ap"
10,sc-oe~c-oo p 2 f 1173
, '-t-n g> .eI -p4: pole] F472 19-54 0oi.oodnv os 4-p'.-o.
A_-eo'si "'ll. 0''1 10
I.n 010 110. llllolp01> 'slmdn~'"p0 01" ' AQAPQ CP 1161, p. '2 3 20684
1
p0022 .474 14735 P010- N472 19;5 e 11l 4.1.Q a-, ar 14.i',0 14 0s,.lo
7
HYPERSONIC NOZZLES A--'-p"e ps .'e-oeope '10- 01 .4.ji~-sre>.2''f 06
- - 02,, " ,, Il)n084i17 ... " If a3D IIe 0 < 1,. ia..a1, - _.'t

HYPERSONIC SPEED MULE I,> pa"-ooad "'. I5-d-)

pesn sof-los l-lSoeilc'>as%'

anbOlo -P p.0,3'
0
p ;
7 9 n
b.'
to')20301
pie' e
P.0 .la 'to peltliae .,--.,,.
poO 4106 ,1-
D- ~ !of
,pc''4
l'JilOioad--o~.0p
, ýli4
.-- ,I. , '. o'- ' '.' jalo

HYPRSOIC WNO TUNNELS IN FLIGHT MONITORING :0228 7173 2"'3

7 4 7 4 6 9 9
-- Oiai~>e -.. Boe''.j -'-b0l.0'¶o oPi nsi0e-.-s'-o- :i1
pi01 '1 l 2 1
O '71 2 3 25 <:11. ''- )41':-l 014.1-.0229 -. 3 2r6 4
HYPRYISIO wep. N05N4 3ff

71V571PVELOC7!Y PROJECTILES pf 1 4S 00-

t-
010.~~~~~0 '3n
''`,01 iof s3n 00".s
1
.. ot 'seo.-np.'op Po~''o- 78 '7z- 2029'. 'C MPRESIBE FOCe-oe i"
s..1,'elt.O I
HYPOXIPA eo., "I.1 ii 0.-oe-,,'

I...230 'U13 20 IC
5
IYSEY
a'pie~,el
;EIS
p0081,1N4 180106 o~,,ei*
,-1,-0
t
' .00e
~ 1p
1P7
, Sý
55 00-l
-0
P.aoie-.n.44" ~'1'-P-'-ll-x';0'l diy,,.noenle ,e

0
-. fI
,oo.g~~o--j - 393 N 7 3299 11 4-liI1.-ocla -o'iaii- n , 01 110 ''- 40 -'' 03' fl ) 2.1
0

o. '?7 '17, 20280 ''-.s -I023' '.13 7)11

As ,'l - I - n- s -i--
' ' .n, Ii-oi. .- lo'. 'ci ,laiaI.e-i

IC* FORMATON -.- "l.'.a1-onoen Me-.--0.111

A -':)1p23 f472 161199 INCGMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS jo;i 0 .1232 N73

IEMAPPING '~e5*0 -- l""-'I'''11-n4
t
o~ ~~~~~~~~~~~4c
10E0 1.0 I-s, DCMNTAYIONI
;ýp.enl.-L'-oo . 0'p.sn. 0

1,0121 W2' 11,0811 001 1 0 - e '00111.id i-

IJNIJION ~~~Ao-' .I- 0 01.09 1124 'h921: P, 0', opee1 e o-1-

6
'li'l'0't4. is,5 - -)199 410JRlp8l..0, I2
94'1'J 1A l '04i - 043
1

A-38
 SUBJECT INDEX INT KE SYSTEMS

U0'-c %.- n
"a ~
"-- a
-dso .'....b
p0237 N74
aT*
14152
Rn~'~
La...l.t*I...1t.n
'lfaeoa*I,.ge. .
'a ...
e'
am '"-.
a
..
'
INJILCTORS
ip..-,. . --..
I..let,,.m0.lOOC*ll4 I . c. 4 674 16991
,12 rhol1qarhx -leT. .Oli' N72 161)6 INJURIES
INERTIAL PLATFORMS
..oA-1el~nm0 .Ol~ e.o•
~gooa n 1nm.. 5 or mI..mmll
,Iv or mu
..... .'am'ed m..m
,.amnd -.. -.
otl a-A1,1
.01) a-calll 't-'la'0 8.3'
C~~I#d ' .t.m#to.m ~.
.. 2!,ccIl' , I.i to'Ot
6 o.
U.lOIlV'.1*frJ
I
4
l0a---c %
'B.•lT do .1L),% i.."
1
a-C 5
.43l0e
lI*O) 19 532
II 1 9.J28-;

,*ie of mu~ lle'n ., ,}.., ' .. 'eg..

p0728 .. 73 0692
,',,i
S
o.o-oI ai~..'.-.:-
-a.,la•tl-,.o--
1
.- *T- ,'.m .',.
*
,.. I-1 "
266N" 2 7? 6702aI•~a-
..-. "'. ala.'- o -'r ItelI•th a... a'-
l..0266O4..1670f

w
Om e
0e'oo'l-.nI
.02 -'-l.O:- of . .1 ga: ?"
7.1 Lq...,. o- 1,,•,a -.
ap.-:.o.' pO279 N73 23887 !,)104 N72 '9159

m~~mICTY'
4-h '-N .~.*. 73 20693 0dm- ou-)07 e. 21-
0 5 8 **clm Coo. , oTýT'''Ol1o4j4..a '1 A1. --
nAlAMO Cc, 1 p 1 611 24201 e' nb .,*9 a.. a- c' I de. h 101 h 74 20764

Of -'.*I dwallt.I pC?]O N473 20706 p1S 2 324202 ) o. eI... I !-. 'I-a .. '.. . 0.71 pt-,c -- a-,

) 02,. "-2 p0230 NI3 20707 L.0158 673 24203 1,W22) 57 - 371
-),+•,ja p .0..01•
EoIma'aOoop''oedem1ie to.
MFA . 9, mlr.(..lolrl-g
.j.-.
"-.6-g.Ic r*'l.. h11
fl2,.aI-3ob
l:Ild'mIO. an.ac.a.c•.I lP<
P-.c..... • -
f
I I-'-.
•
I.q.
A . i, .. o,.ai
al-,.. ,/U- aO
o-oraI.,- 'a-' e,.le
no To nu. ollIc'tc-ae''tJe
Ellraem l-oalu'
l,-6. I-.t-."
.. 7''' l,.-' jI .. -

,.01"68N73 24204
"
OISEASl
,*iIo-.'m
a.,*-
INFECTIOUS S
02 op~aI-
'e
pC230
oc
N73 20y708
'.Od.!-"~'
-,na."'.
C,,,."
-,,no
l,.-
...... ie.
e ln.. a--.d oae:
-1
10268
1-e...oa
a667)2 h.
Nil 24206,
6860 IM 0
;2'8
1-.1-V-I. -lI.e..
1 'r-2ee1, ~ . d' '
1 .366

pOO83 N7'3 2306Q -,

...... 2473 24209
SS2Y j a, . 'a, , ele, e '- ,, . 'et ,ol . ,

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JET ENGINE FUELS
pI
e- -o".I -li''0 J-. -s'.--.l'-s'"-' i'.-"i.i, si L-1R08 SCALE 114TEORATION
5

1.0."22 7 1113 s.i'lpiiiA'l i' -it' I"-i'' LASERAMATERIL

.i.''i-
ili9--"'
I--3-" '-t' .'i~aclor'pKALMAN SCNMIDT FILTERAING '" - s,

LA, 01
1-'-' .1..
.. ... ?' I.-.,!
1. Ž
'1"' 'lii

i75P)708 ",.7 ')'

JET EfNGINES
P~ipi'd-t0.t3t.3;1"l'. A;,.'~i -'~~"~' LASERAMODES

-"...... KERNEL FUNCTIONS 0-

At.ARD L b1 1 II!) P
N020 /7033
1~ ~ . .'.. *Qh-35
00-113 -974' LASER OUTPLUTS

- ooo,"L-'.'-
lao~~~~~~~~~~~. ,3iS EOSE
Ri., NE

JET FLAPS 99 .1ý 5%49,'

12ii I3L't...Us"',I~l, 0:'.

'-"a-- ~~~~~~~~~61 ,,-

1-i.i3.i!' 00 l' i

17O t911 i'>LABORA TORY LOUIFMINT.

.... LA F-' ID R
JET IMYINIEA NT
WE031.F

LAM'ABWAVE S LASER Ri%1NCER TRACEER

ILAMINAR FLOW

l~iA§iiiI~'IW4.(It "I. In I' LASERS

J1ETPROVOET AIRCSAAVV1

- - ' - ' 0 -. '1 --. I

JET STREAMS lIEEROO~
I;-..

A 41
 lATTICES (MATHEMATICS) SUBJECT INDEX

LATTICES IMIATHIEMATICSI LIFT DRAG RATIO LIQUID BREATHING

6
LEARDING MAC0HINEAS I..IP.IOOt .te12 o N72~~n
*r-' 1t*q 2 *1 t1 l'* 10. -0-41O
I 0or 14t01t
-cip l

aDap-Q octl.,, .eogow.

of".-.o,ot.. dahta, LIGHTFALLOS AGR 10,0 4 it 2962I2

h
tNo--
Z'eZ
battcr....o.
P,,'Il t'pl ýIt.. p0163 N--
.1..--1
o0. 4 Nwe,
1-
11-10' dcc'
--
-tE -14d-00l*1-la
1
.gl
Ofd tAoS ~To9..0-V MiOLee;
-d
aIllo LQ
?
IFCORCES
199
dJSACp0m1 N
W'P~0&68 *2035

0
,00o 1 W3;5l ,0164t72C. 1669S. l'Cpeos
q ". Htj~ro
.1 1io -1..1O

0
t~i*'P
*118.3 129 Ni 234204 Heat63312
'r- 1-8e,
.**r *o- I,d aI! -Oeltl--.to Ved-
LIFE 14 EUDGTEYSES
[NAS
M002,-oo
t
.0
TMsa 66306!
a.-.-4.
003 Nad
.
20986l.[
p-~~c 1-
~6864
1ln ag.gl''lg N71
a
739-8a

o' ItICSP 33630 LOGISVIIBE

"1I1
e n
' 4o0 "ai " It cD0-e4
". .- - ' "31 g1.4. ~ 9b ee. ' l e n. . r - e o l ., o i . N 73 I9 D3e
P0025 N73 2 0o6002 '.-ed~s.-at' 3)632 LIUI PROPLLAN RO7KE pI4R
E 2
LE
RItNGa-*lro I lAC
e.3 I4 ST2 Pa- LIGHT TIN"SSG
"I, It.o .- LONG"e"...
TEA 'F.CT
""1 "

i pIel19poe9e'6Sle- tocmý*
oI-l -ar. boldo3a*- - I( L IG TaSC e. TEINGea.~ o 1 ar1. P VOOR? N73 23060fr
4
* kejtt .-Iwee l Ol3n Qt1
.b0aI242~c 3lf 9~t0o'-,'
1t-I- -- d. p11 4, OA FO
P.h -1e-e 1-11W4 .. p-.t'-qe - -D.-1 p006 672 od

ih- an~ct.tet' o.,2l~t~ 206,t0241 NJ3 13624 Ae~ -. 0O v0 12 73 27t8t

!h1001 p..-41
It.-6 611
- pa-a 1901oe
1- tnI 1 1. t oe*:
. 01!'e 4 -. p-"ttoe' ... LONG
S- WAV e SAOIAION O 0A(AR z f

p0-049 1 N7 042 73 3362' 1-0 -ed 4! gra.cbo0alp.-at-'

&110 tkOt ti-p,''..Otet.di 6 eaCS y- (NAt A41St404 f -lt,09 S71 21400
to de
bl .'e 1pflO Sdo- 27102 rrteI-- o p.1ot,-
d ICao
ele.becpedo LONGICJIRUDITSCNTO
4

A- ne
-
he~ ~ - of nt.
a..L.-1 e- 0SUPPORtTP4
.r58t'473 t1 0e k4-- I
L0242 N7J) 3 31628 1,- .
too et le
11O c dwt
eSYSTeEMS
e .
.o
b tn o
5-NTtt
t a
I
11
LtaT
DEVI E -'aowa 1.1 o- .I,0C .-
2 %74
0000113 ItV4024
%'3-. 2316 I-i -1. It- -n,, '473 336329 LONGICTDEIGNL TPLT
LIFT 0.-. .eW, ,..Qo..c-e.t.. otti.IF..cI.4 a-t., -' 10

I'AR LS043 7 1002S ' I 2r,51 A.,:.1 - . a, '.I - .- 0

d. :44 193 16997
I I, !
IAAced.
A
'NedR tl ~00 .e3A--t
.cn
`rto-'.h
0
l li-l,0242
2.1A
, C c''it r- .a.-cI. (.a-.r'.
'lii
a-
lopoI. -
33632
" , a I . - . 1
008'1,:. 2~ 02
o9t.0,llrde'6a4..

pOOW-5TItd.
.'il a 1..
Pt~ --. ,..A -. o .e-i a- .p."e 1.?- . I10W!t:. 0I. - .. 0001-', t'. -4 -O" - -1010.
t ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PY2 N Int'
1ztop.
20l16''te.C -- le.
1
-onf 10.0l AG$ "t.1,
I,-pa-,-e 4I r,0110 1j4177327-0
pO720 N71 21200)2 .4'AO~ - S610 0 241 NJ') 13633 LORAN 1- al- 1 09 - ý

0 0
.ah * -- - s tl - e - p Ž6 7 1 20063t
-:1t hel; *ttrro1 .A*., I 4 I"
"
rp
ov
" '.o..cr
l.at. nlo.'.-e.~e.-.cnI.op.x
og -a" .- pi oi .
-; o
-l - oa0Q 11&U1 I
Doociti--~.
T.4160
0
CO
-enjn
-a.
~/.
I 1.0 .t.I.
1
he

r0 , 1-.
~~I 40.e'e3t
I.
2t006S
2 N1.111- SHAPE, l04 13N4 Ai I- .
-,-,-.It-'
1..
Ire
...
S- 8 62290N,73 "Ill

pV
0026 Nit 20C68 LIEA PRORMNGN Wip'AVE"-
9A-Oa`t I

ttta;.e~'oO
.o"e0"'....ttit0no "w

-1 1 0243 N73 -23362 .[oeo NToEST's te

11 a '2t4 86

I lJ60~
-11 2101,
-,L0242'N74 ... '3620- 1ea t'a't 9 P

.. 02 6 D~O .47 I 9 674 ,ORAN4

2'' "te g'-- poIo-.

LIFT ,.t,'a.- of1 t-~ toa.. II tI6 o. * l.. -1al1- - - 1 L WAt'D

"7t 0-. sleot

l-aI I..- ,tIarll . -22 "I7I"60.. , . .0>- 044 'it 13997

1
C
0-1~.ol.Inl~n yl, 0.tl. -. .1 1,~012
1p .72 JAG-' 508 la 11 oss
-- It., t72E4
''at
.. 7 a
'1 2901RINNG
Z(Y,5. T.4 N7p 3631

- A.'1
.0 c.*dl~pln
ftcc'o-.coot'-.
*~'
'
~ LINIE MHAE
tABULIS
1~ ...l-0-ll.-lt-t.o t.- -. .1-.. <4
,t'.t
~~ -.

-
-0
t1~t
a
e 6W2
ll.t 7
40.9
4 I~r.-l.j-t'
.t~*IIIC n -- e.Ie.,
o'c tt.I. l O)1.- '.,30P1720
c.-. 1173

-4-'t .. d...".7
o I..-' 3to1 Lb.,LD WIDTU N

1
- - ..- ......
-1 ....
ll.-11' . . . . 01-' ' p.l~ - - ''.e qa O A ''1 4P -I
1

IAI.AIII~~~t'b~aI - tt2l.72 "t A,,'; to'-' I-- l-lnrU l.'' 61

A02 42 C,'? 4 S'
SUBJECT /,VPfx MATHEMATICAL MODELS

to o. tee I.eI.a.~.1.1
. o.t,-MAGNUS IFIFEtCT MAP MATCHING GUIOANCE

,0.93 NT .3' 148GA A'; II Iý

1. ! N74 '3.". .." I.ay'
1~a'. e,,..*.*,e~i MAINTENANCE 1.1034 %72 193
8.t~~~tC-.q..4If-' :i~. 14 I1" I,,j ~ ..... .I...e ..-.. e-n
,h.Aa". - -' MAPS
At.'.
t
.*I'4..C1.1.--....
1'- -yIý . 1. - .1.1
ten1, I7 NI3 2I24 .*'e'I. '.a44tI' I@
.. *G.C' N7)3207 1
*I...,"-ro'
Q O 1 a.? .peaIv. ll MAP: MACNINE SYSTEMS -1? ... ,.t.e I ,,,b-- AT e-I d 1 .- a., .j ,ab I "1N

pedt4IM00- I" t"' 5* .4' tt.... a.0.' fZ" ;,224%2 7 263

IAOAEO W"602 08 93223 MR P7 o .~ ? 6 MARKING

151.880 600I pCOI?3 4'4 169P, II I66 IAGR

A R a 'I''4I 1
S- .*.-*
11-,1
. .1 1*... ". -, ,I.
7) '.14
- I .
16,188
.. Iý.e.
... ...
'.tte
.~Ie~eI.-I
MARtTENSITIC STAINLESS STEELS
a ~ .- ~,
LOW TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS 56880U CYSS9 7' 0-1 N72 I ?14 'n." ... ,.-'et .08 2

LO'1?OJN?: 203t .,,..l . MASS PLOW

LOW VISIBILITY L %7 .';% R
`8...,y...' ., ~-o ot

'el 'etN ~ ~"t0

he .,7l. , -'7 23 19 9 Cey
,. .,.,te-ty. MASS RAITIOS
LUBRICANT TES-TS . ... t 01-4a~ N,.'4 '1210 I ..........

j~l.,. .'j. :.5. I... . . . 1 a " 'NAAS. SPECTROMETERS

LUBRICANTS C'.9.-,-t.-.
'''9 Iý 941.
iI.D P84 y' Vtlt hm '. . . . l MARSTEIANSFER

.Al -q .0 ' A 4176

7
LUBRICATING OILS %; M TERAL 'a. '
;Ib 44'.?3 '94-.

LUBRCATIN AMATERIALS IIANOLIS.G

?ale.?'. I,.~,MATERIALS SCIENCEI

LUMNARC
MOYL 62 3 ~3f8F'
. .. . . . . . . . . ............. .. 4 : . . a,.

"" )/ A 1 39:1"A1

M.1

....
1 3 MANACEMiNE METHODS

MAGýNETIC EQUATOR . ......

oae 18 I''aI N~11..I59'41- a '

TIC FIELDSA
M4AGPIE

,% A a 91 17-

I. . . MANE LIVERAARILtTY

0.111-5x *4'0,4 ti W14S

MAAGNIETIC LENSES
41C
- AA"-A

MAGNETCPOETE MANN4ED SPACE FL.IGHT 4.

MAGNETIC 'TRý 1') .74 1

MAGNEFTOMET ERSE,".-4-'l 71 1 71.- -,

0 4
A- 1.. ' 'I''' . MANUFACTURING ,4 4lI '

".,411J'I'. 9'04 II I ',A.A.AI '44-S'

MATAICES (MATHEMATICS) SUBJECT INDEX
MAIhOnsicaI i-ode's Ilo. -Ic.ia rig I.~,Iooil brod*.- M~ch.a-. p-opqi'., f title R
-F- oce 0~i.iat-( METAL CXIDE SAMICOF400CTORS
2704) Aw~l. 41.0-el
MSch.'c1.icI'1.41ff,i
Co'wo'de S.c-af
D to,
o.
to, ,-~
en.o
-
R1-gIif'44N
m~..
opIOj42
90
" ihl.". wp ~~.on P24
of
Nil
- Saneo"
of
t0', 0.desl-o tdo.I
"~40'l'
ol*ig'4
tt-'4 o-dte
.- 4 -.-
od-
K., .,.-'h
of pGflt N7? 20979 .a0aCne 1-c,.1oo 020-5 NIl1 21044 RMKI1W- OrS" 4114t"l4'l040
Ktof" odMo-..::o nog:jW.pIOI.I
1
07nMg Co
o E1,tIKc P'opd-.. a-,) flestg rIc.hds 0 0.941-, if4I' -I l, ' - M 0S,- 9u, N?.2-*c
1948

.n.0n-,2s 0'95 phoi.og-s.

so...i. It ",c
206
MAIIAEMA-ICAL MODEL F09 fLUiD MECHANICS AGR C 3B 7l1 gO N72149 o 1*.o"Ond Q0Ili'94-D1h..r0CfI
P0102. NY 73810192 Ni? '960,
.A." cOIG N73 72tiME TAL PLATES1

Of ~~
15 ~ (10183 ~N73p I07273
~ 44 b .Ii.I 10Plil100
mo410. 72 2 9 q 9 29912

*i14 ~ os ~ to-n-sq
to 013N)75 of

p101040adeitlo Ifl-l.O0 .49. IA0A 155 7 11 i02 65 N72 13882-il'

W06o?)179 .- n .1~a ,an,- SI,ý'4 0 cd4.4
.fl.4Rnt-c .o-o
ogiog " 2311
.#0 1
A.11,1.c*I
10.. ~
lVl4' ~ f7oo. ~ weo OlIu -p1>1- OIOI N72 19140 METAL SURFPACES
p0204A N74

0 2 8 9
04011,00~ 0268 5?) 198000 ic, plo NT2 21911 0'.~~~ -. d-*,-... n4 I-s-d 1.l.O.
Cwroa~n C .r.lCI sd.I .b'. RIIon . . 40 odI.O b-' 0 or- ,I4
pU13 N~73 .0212
04.d., D0?69 N7) 1990? ........ -l .r9-n.aeln".-. t,, 4.

p027JO N73 19900 Tiht .~0'04-

d--_i '99661,0210
)T00
.. 1.72 249,9 METALS

o60,01 20696 N73

C40i40ai'4- 002702 NJ 92 e
&'01C'14*n072
'91434

G223O %73 2&606 A1401004N542 573AR

-1 fligt)
, a--MliA) 44 tCfOISM TE TAL .2%N7?10

to~) 0 41-eiae
73 1)67; P-4 @is. 9 #,d 4---s -, of '.

....
*Idl.ie-.n-4.-o.
0 0
24
OIII