Energy Upstream

Frac Explorer User Guide

July 2017
Frac Explorer® 2017

© 1997-2017, IHS Markit and its affiliated and subsidiary companies, all rights
reserved. For internal use only. No portion of this publication may be reproduced,
reused, or otherwise distributed in any form without prior written consent of IHS
Markit.

TRADEMARKS

IHS Markit and the IHS Markit logo are trademarks of IHS Markit. Other trade-
marks appearing in this publication are the property of IHS Markit or their respect-
ive owners.

IHS Inc.
15 Inverness Way East
Englewood, Colorado 80112
303-736-3000

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Table of Contents
Overview 1

Primary Source: Stage or Borehole 3

Diagrammatic Overview 4

Installing and configuring prerequisites 5

Using SQL Server Management Studio to configure the database 6

Installing the Frac Data Web Service 7

Server Details 8

Windows 7 9

Windows 10 10

Windows Server 2008 R2 11

Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2 13

Windows Server 2016 15

Data Requirements 17

Data Rules 17

Completion Header 19

Treatment Summary 21

Basic 21

Date & Source 22

Treatment 22

Proppant 23

Stimulation 24

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved iii

 Materials 26

Perforations 28

Frac Summary 29

3D Viewer 31

Statistics 33

Importing data 34

Selecting the file format 34

Assigning attributes to columns 36

ASCII file import summary 36

Import Status Report 37

Customizing the table view 40

Unit Settings 41

Glossary: Frac Explorer 42

Completion Header 43

Glossary: Treatment Summary 44

Basic 44

Date & Source 45

Treatment 45

Proppant 45

Glossary: Stimulation 46

Glossary: Perforations 47

Perforation Header 47

Perforations 48

iv © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Overview

Overview
Frac Explorer is a module for viewing and analyzing well completion data one well
at a time. It is based on a common data model that can be embedded into mul-
tiple IHS Markit software applications such as Kingdom, Harmony, and Petra. This
first release embeds into Kingdom. See also the diagrammatic overview of the
flow of data from and to Frac Explorer.

Frac Explorer reads from and writes to its own SQL Server database. Before you
can access your data, you need to install and configure the following required pre-
requisites:

SQL Server database We recommend full SQL Server 2014, not

SQL Server Express.
Web server Your Windows server must have certain fea-
tures of the server operating system
enabled. If required, they will be enabled dur-
ing the installation of the web service.
Frac Explorer database Download the Frac Explorer database and
restore using SQL Server Management Stu-
dio
Web service Download and install the Frac Data web ser-
vice on the web server. Then connect to the
web service using the string provided at the
end of the installation.

Frac Explorer contains a data editor of detailed information for the following com-
ponents of the borehole completions. The data is either borehole-level data, or
stage-level data. You may have a combination of both borehole and stage level
data, often from different sources.

To view data, select the borehole in the well list of the host application. Frac
Explorer will update with the data from that well.

Borehole-level data
Well Headers You need to import the well header information into the
Frac Explorer database before you can add any com-
pletions data. Based on the UWI, Frac Explorer reads
key borehole items from the host project database as
needed, such as deviation surveys, digital logs, form-

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 1

Overview

ation tops, and casing.

Completion Head- Each completion has an Observation Number which cor-
ers responds to a separate well completion event.
Treatment Sum- Treatment data for the entire borehole such as total prop-
mary pant. Although Stimulation data and Treatment Summary
share many data types, there is no data consistency
enforced between the two.

Stage-level data
Stimulation Stimulation data by stage. The stage numbers are car-
ried to the Materials and Perforations data.
Materials Stimulation data with stage numbers need to be added
before Materials.
Perforations Perforation data by stage. Each stage can have multiple
perforations.

Frac Explorer also includes the following Summary tools to analyze the data:

Completions Sum- The pane on the left displays a borehole-level sum-

mary mary of the selected completion
Frac Summary A graphical analysis by stage
3D View A 3D view of the borehole, completions data, and log
data. Formation tops are also displayed.
Statistics A tabular view of rate, pressure, and gradient statistics
by stage. Be sure you have Stage selected as the
Primary Source.

To get data into the project, you can import your data using the ASCII importer or
you can manually enter and edit data on the data cards. See Data Requirements
for information on required data type attributes and data limitations.

Related topics
Unit Settings
Glossary
Customizing your table view

2 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Overview

Primary Source: Stage or Borehole

You may have both borehole-level data and stage-level data, probably from dif-
ferent sources. Two different views based on the selected Primary Source: Bore-
hole and Stage allow you to easily switch between both sets of data . The
primary source changes what you see in the Summary views . The differences in
the data are noted below:

Borehole With borehole as the primary source, the stimulated length is

taken from the borehole-level Treatment Summary tab: End
Depth minus Start Depth.
Stage With stage as the primary source, the stimulated length is
taken from the stage-level Stimulation tab, and is the sum of
all stage lengths.

To change the primary source, click your preference at the top of the Completions
summary, and at the top of relevant tabs.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 3

Diagrammatic Overview

Diagrammatic Overview
The following diagram explains the intended flow of data from and to Frac
Explorer. Note that in this release, only the connection to Kingdom has been
established.

4 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Installing and configuring prerequisites

Installing and configuring prerequisites

You must have the following components installed and configured before you can
import or view your completion data with Frac Explorer:

SQL Server database Install a SQL Server database instance on the

instance database server. Frac Explorer requires SQL
Server 2014 or later. SQL Server Express is not
supported. For installation instructions consult
the Microsoft Help documentation.
After the database has been installed, you will
need the following information about your data-
base to install the Frac Data web service which
provides connectivity to your data from Frac
Explorer:
l Database server name
l Database instance name

SQL Server Management Download SQL Server Management Studio for

Studio the version of SQL Server you are using. You
will use the Management Studio to restore the
Frac_Explorer_Database.bak file. This backup
database provides the table schema required
for your completions data.
Microsoft web server To run the Frac Data web service your Windows
server must have the following features of the
server operating system enabled. If required,
they will be enabled during the installation of
the web service.
l Internet Information Service (IIS)
l ASP.NET
l ISAPI Extensions
l ISAPI Filter
For supported web server operating systems
and a complete list of Windows features to be
enabled see Server Details
Frac Data web service Follow the InstallShield Wizard to install the
Frac Data web service on the web server. The
last screen of the wizard will display the inter-
net address you will need to connect to the web
service from Frac Explorer.

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Installing and configuring prerequisites

Remember you will need the following inform-

ation to complete the installation:
l Database server name
l Database instance name
l Database user name and password (for
SQL Server Authentication only)
l Catalog name
l Port number. The default is 8080.

Using SQL Server Management Studio to con-

figure the database
After you have installed both the SQL Server 2014 (or later) database and SQL
Server Management Studio, you can restore the Frac Explorer database using the
Management Studio. The database provides the required database schema for
your completions data.

Two Frac Explorer components are available for download from the Kingdom Soft-
ware Latest Release page:

l The Frac_Explorer_Database.bak file

l The Frac Data Web Service

To restore Frac_Explorer_Database.bak:
1. The downloaded Frac_Explorer_Database.bak file must be in a local dir-
ectory on the web server computer. Copy the file to the server if neces-
sary.
2. Open the Management Studio: Start > All Programs > Microsoft
SQL Server 2014 > SQL Server Management Studio
3. Connect to the Management Studio with SQL Server Authentication as
directed by your database administrator.
4. Right-click on Databases and select Restore Database.
5. In the Restore Database dialog box, select Device and click the
Browse ... button.
6. In the Select backup devices dialog box click Add.
7. Browse to the .bak file in the local directory , select it, and click OK.
8. Click OK to exit Select backup devices.

6 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Installing and configuring prerequisites

9. In the Restore Database dialog box select Options on the left.

10. Under Restore options:
11. Select the Overwrite option. This is also fine for a first time restore.
You are done. Expand the database node and then the Tables node to see the list
of tables in the database.

Installing the Frac Data Web Service

The Frac Data Web Service is available for download from the Kingdom Latest
Download page at kingdom.ihs.com. You need to download both the Frac Data
Web Service and the database backup file: Frac_Explorer_Database.bak.

Note Before installing the web service, see Server Details for supported
server operating systems and details of features enabled by the
installer during installation of the Frac Data Web Service.

To install the Frac Data Web Service:

1. Double-click on the IHS Markit Frac Data Web Service

2017.exe file.
2. Follow the InstallShield Wizard.
3. In the Database Server dialog box you will need the following inform-
ation from your database administrator who installed the SQL Server
database:
l Database name
l Database instance name
l Login credentials for the database
l Name of the actual database. The default name when the backup data-
base is restored is Frac_Explorer_Database, but your database admin-
istrator can rename it.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 7

Installing and configuring prerequisites

4. The TCP Port defaults to 8080. This number becomes part of the URL
required to connect to the database. Consult with your IT department
for the port to use.
5. The Ready to Install screen lists the Windows features that will be
enabled if required. Click Install to continue.
6. The InstallSheld Wizard Complete screen displays the URL that
you will need to connect to the web service which connects to your
database.
7. After you have copied the URL you can click Finish to exit the wizard.

Server Details
Below is a summary of the supported web server operating systems and features
that should be enabled by the web service installer, with the exception of Win-
dows Server 2016 which has a manual component that must be completed before
you install the Frac Data Web Service.

For more information on the requirements of each operating system, click the
links below. See also Installing the web service.

8 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Installing and configuring prerequisites

Supported web server operating systems

Server Operating Systems Desktop Operating Sys-
l Windows Server 2008 R2 tems

l Windows Server 2012 l Windows 7

l Windows Server 2012 R2 l Windows 10

l Windows Server 2016

Summary of Windows features to be enabled

Internet Information Services
l IIS Management Console
l IIS Management Service
World Wide Web Services
Application Development Features
l .NET Extensibility 4.5 (Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 require
4.6)
l ASP.NET 4.5 (Windows 10 and Windows Server 2016 require 4.6)
l ISAPI Extensions
l ISAPI Filters
Common HTTP Features
l Default Document
l Directory Browsing
l HTTP Errors
Health and Diagnostics
l HTTP Logging
l Logging Tools
l Request Monitor
Performance Features
l Static Content Compression
Security
l Request Filtering

Windows 7
You can ensure that the following features were enabled by the web service
installer from Programs and Features in the Control Panel:

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 9

Installing and configuring prerequisites

Windows 10
You can ensure that the following features were enabled by the web service
installer from Programs and Features in the Control Panel:

10 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Installing and configuring prerequisites

Windows Server 2008 R2

Server Manager > Roles
In Server Manager, ensure that Web Server (IIS) role is installed. If not, use the
Add Roles wizard to add the Web Server (IIS) role.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 11

Installing and configuring prerequisites

Server Manager > Roles > Web Server (IIS)

Under Role Services of Web Server (IIS), make sure the following features are
installed:

12 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Installing and configuring prerequisites

Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2

In Server Manager, ensure that Web Server (IIS) role is installed. If not, use the
Add roles and features wizard to add the Web Server (IIS) role. Make sure the fol-
lowing features are installed:

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 13

Installing and configuring prerequisites

14 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Installing and configuring prerequisites

Windows Server 2016

Before installing the Frac Data Web Service on Windows Server 2016, you must
run the following command from a command prompt with administrative rights:

Dism /online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:IIS-ASPNET45

/All

This step is only required once and is not required by other operating systems.

In Server Manager, ensure that Web Server (IIS) role is installed. If not, use the
Add Roles and Features Wizard to add the Web Server (IIS) role.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 15

Installing and configuring prerequisites

16 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Data Requirements

Data Requirements
Each data type has a required set of attributes that must be included in the impor-
ted or entered data. All data is keyed off of the borehole UWI and observation
number in the Completion Header. UWI and completion observation number
are required for all data types. Data cannot be imported or saved unless all
required fields have valid values.

The table below summarizes the additional required attributes for each.

Data Type Required Attributes

(in addition to UWI and Com-
pletions Observation Number)
Borehole-level data
Treatment Summary Start and end depths, treatment type
Treatment Material (under Treat- Description type
ment Summary)
Stage-level data
Stimulation Stage number, start and end depths
Material (under Stimulation) Stage number, description type
Perforation Header Stage number, start and end depths
Perforations (under Perforation Stage number, start and end depths
Header)

Data Rules
The following rules apply to all data:

l The start depth must be smaller than the end depth

l Depth ranges cannot overlap
l No required field (attribute) can be empty
l No duplicate UWIs.
l No duplicate observation numbers for a single borehole.
l No duplicate key identifiers for any data type.
l Names cannot be longer than 255 characters

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 17

Data Requirements

If any of these rules are not met, the data will not be loaded. The reason that the
data was skipped or was in error is recorded in the Load Status Report.

18 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Completion Header

Completion Header

With well header information already imported or entered, the completion header
is the next data type to import or enter. The only required field for the completion
header is the Observation Number, which must be a positive integer and
unique. You cannot have duplicate observation numbers.

Observations typically correspond to separate well completion events that hap-

pen over time, such as initial completion and workovers.

To manually enter completion header data, click Insert to add a row, and then
enter (or select) a value for each field. If the value you enter is not valid, the cell
will be outlined in red. A tooltip will explain the error. For general editing rules and
tips, see Entering and editing data.

To import the data by file see Importing data.

Although most fields can contain any alphanumeric string, the standard defin-
itions for the other fields in the completion header are the following:

Service Company The service company who executed the

completions.
Formation Name of the stratigraphic unit
Completion Date Start or effective date of the well com-
pletion. You can enter the date in any form,
but it is converted to mm/dd/yyyy.
Start Depth Measured depth from the surface to the top
of the well completion
End Depth Measured depth from the surface to the bot-
tom of the well completion
Completion Type A code identifying the type of completion;
for example, perforation, open hole, gravel
pack, or combination.
Completion Method The type of aperture through which the fluid
entered into the tubing.
Perforation Status Standard status entries are Open, Closed,
and Undetermined

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Completion Header

Perforation Shots The number of perforations shot through

the casing wall and cement.
Report Seq No A sequence number referenced by U.S. leg-
acy products identifying the chronological
order of completion interval events within
the well
Interval Type Typically an indication if the completion
interval is the gross completion interval
(the shoe of the last cemented casing to
the total depth of the borehole.
Activity Seq No A sequence number to track the well
events in a chronological order.

20 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Treatment Summary

Treatment Summary
With completion header information already imported or entered, borehole-level
treatment summary data can then be imported or entered. The source for treat-
ment summary data is often chemical disclosure and regulatory agencies such as
Frac Focus or government agencies. Each completion can have only one treat-
ment summary.

The Treatment Summary data card has two sections:

Treatment Summary The top section of the data card which includes 4 sec-
tions: Basic, Data & Source, Treatment, and Prop-
pant.
*Required fields : Start depth, End depth, and
Treatment Type.
Treatment Materials The bottom section of the data card which includes
18 columns.
*Required fields: Material Description Type

To manually enter the Treatment Summary data, click in the cell and enter the
value.

To manually enter Treatment Material data, click Insert to add a row, and then
enter (or select) a value for each field. If the value you enter is not valid, the cell
will be outlined in red. A tooltip will explain the error. For general editing rules and
tips, see Entering and editing data.

To import the data, you first need to import the Treatment Summary. You can
then import the Treatment Materials for that summary. For more information see
Importing data.

Although most fields can contain any alphanumeric string, the standard uses of
the other fields in the upper Treatment Summary section are the following. Not all
fields are defined as many are self explanatory. For definitions of the fields in the
Materials table, see Materials.

Basic
Stage number Stage number is not required as the Treatment Sum-
mary data is for the borehole. However, if you want to
associate the treatment to a specific stage you can.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 21

Treatment Summary

Treatment obs no A number to identify the specific interval being treated.

Additive type Typically a code to identify the type of additive used in
the treament.
Run number A number which uniquely identifies the run or trip into
the well for the purpose of operating a test.
Test number A number used to uniquely identify the individual test
occurring within a test run or trip.
Test type The general type of test used to evaluate the potential
of the well.
Total water The total volume of water used in the treatment.
volume
Cost amount The cost associated with the job.

Date & Source

Est. start/end The estimated start and end dates of the treatment for
date those wells where no treatment dates are reported.
Source The individual, company, state, or government agency
designated as the source of information for this row.
Data source A code to uniquely identify the source for multiple ver-
sions of stage material information on the same well.
Examples may include Frac Focus, government sources,
etc.
Well test source The individual, company, state, or government agency
designated as the source of information for this row.

Treatment
Type A code for the type of treatment job performed on the
well. Examples include hydraulic fracturing, acidizing,
and nitroglycerine explosives.
Fluid type A code identifying the type of treating fluid used in the
treatment operation of the well.
Amount The amount of treatment fluid used in treating the inter-
val.
Status A code to define the type of completion or perforation
status.

22 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Treatment Summary

Status type A code to define the type of completion or perforation

status. Examples include open, closed, squeezed, and
plugged.
Temperature The temperature recorded during the treatment.

Proppant
Type The type of proppant used in the hydraulic fracture treat-
ment fluid. Examples include sand, aluminum oxide pel-
lets, glass beads, etc.
Amount The sum of the amounts of proppant agent used in the
treatment fluid. Propping agents are used to hold the
fractures open after the pumping stops.
Mesh size The standard mesh size for the given proppant agent.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 23

Stimulation

Stimulation
With completion header information already imported or entered, stage-level
stimulation data can then be imported or entered. You cannot have duplicate
stage numbers. After you enter or import the stimulation data, you can then enter
or import the Stimulation Materials.

Required fields for stimulation data include Stage, Start Depth, and End Depth.

The Stimulation data card has two tabs:

Treatment The Treatment tab includes 28 columns for inform-

ation about plugback depth, pressure tests, injec-
tion rates, hydraulic power, and proppant.

Fluid The Fluid tab includes 16 columns in addition to the

3 required fields and contains information about
the pumped fluids, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

See the Stimulation Glossary for a definition of each term.

To manually enter Stimulation data, click Insert to add a row, and then enter (or
select) a value for each field. If the value you enter is not valid, the cell will be out-
lined in red. A tooltip will explain the error. For general editing rules and tips, see
Entering and editing data. For more information on importing stimulation data by
file see Importing Data.

Engineering abbreviations used in the Stimulation tables include the following. For
measurement abbreviations, go to Settings > Units.

l Breakdown Press—breakdown pressure

l Treat Press—treatment pressure
l Frac Grad—fracture gradient
l Inj Rate—injection rate
l ISIP—instantaneous shut in pressure
l Comp Design—completion design
l Srvc Co—service company
l Slry—slurry
l Fld—Fluid
l Pmp—pumped
l Acid sprhd—acid spearhead

24 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Stimulation

l Cln—clean
l Chem—chemical

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 25

Materials

Materials
With stage-level Stimulation information already imported or entered, stage-
level material data can then be imported or entered. Material data is based on the
stimulation stage. The required fields for Materials are the Stage, which you
select from the stages entered on the Stimulation data card, and Material
Description. A single stage can have multiple Material entries.

To manually enter Material data, click Insert to add a row, and then enter (or
select) a value for each field. If the value you enter is not valid, the cell will be out-
lined in red. A tooltip will explain the error. For general editing rules and tips, see
Entering and editing data.

To import the data by file see Importing data.

Although most fields can contain any alphanumeric string, the standard defin-
itions of the fields in the Materials table are the following. The Materials table in
the Treatment Summary data card have the same fields. Not all fields are defined
as many are self explanatory.

Material Descrip- A code to identify the type of additive or proppant.

tion Type

Material Descrip- *Required. A textual description of the ingredient.

tion*

Material CAS The Chemical Abstract Service number for the

material. This is a unique identifier for chemical sub-
stances.

Material Origin The region, state or province where the materials

originated and were then transported to site.

Material Purpose A code to identify the purpose or classification of

the materials in the row. Purpose codes may
include values of proppant, additive, flu-
id,stimulant, etc.

Amount Pumped The volume, by stage, of the material pumped.

Amount Placed The volume of material placed in the formation.

Additive Con- The maximum ingredient concentration in the addit-

centration ive, expressed as a percent of mass

Hydraulic Fluid Con- The maximum ingredient concentration in the

26 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Materials

centration hydraulic frac fluid, expressed as a percent of

mass.

Mesh Size The mesh size for the proppant.

Trade Name The trade name used for the material.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 27

Perforations

Perforations
Perforations are independent of the other data cards but are also keyed off of
stage. Each perforation interval defined by the perforation header can contain a
series of perforations.

With completion header information already imported or entered, stage-level per-

foration data can then be imported or entered. The data rules for perforations
are:

l You cannot have duplicate stage numbers.

l Stage intervals cannot overlap.
l Perforation intervals cannot overlap.
l Required fields for stimulation data include Stage, Start Depth, and
End Depth.
The Perforations data card has two view options:

Headers & Per- The interval defined by the start and end depths in
forations the perforation header includes all perforation inter-
vals for that stage. If you add, edit, or import per-
forations, the start and end depths in the perforation
header update accordingly.
For example, if the perforation header interval for
stage 3 was 10,000 ft - 10,200ft, and you added a
perforation with a start depth of 10,220 and an end
depth of 10,240, the end depth of the perforation
header would change to 10,240.
Perforations Only This view displays the stage, interval depth, and per-
foration data in a flat table.

See the Perforations Glossary for a definition of each term.

To manually enter Perforation data, click Insert to add a row, and then enter (or
select) a value for each field. If the value you enter is not valid, the cell will be out-
lined in red. A tooltip will explain the error.

Related topics
Entering and editing data
Importing Data.

28 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Frac Summary

Frac Summary
The Frac Summary tab contains graphical analysis per stage of the following:
Acids & Fluids, Proppants, Pressures, Treatment Pressures, and Injection Rates.

The stage intervals are taken from the Stimulation tab. Note that the per-
foration data also has stages, but the perforation data is independent of the stim-
ulation data. There is no validation of stage information between the two tabs.
The legend below each graph gives an explanation of the visual data. See Stim-
ulations for an explanation of abbreviations used.

The right pane, Plots & Stats, contains the following:

Crossplots Crossplots to illustrate the relationship between the fol-

lowing:
l Average Injection Rate vs Average Treatment Pres-
sure
l Average Injection Rate vs Breakdown Pressure

Statistics Minimum and maximum values for proppant pumped, aver-

age injection rate, breakdown pressure, fracture gradient,
and ISIP. There are also statistics per stimulated length.
Remember that you have two different views based on the
selected Primary Source: Borehole and Stage. The dif-
ferences in the data are noted below:
l Stage—the stimulated length is taken from the
stage-level Stimulation tab, and is the sum of all
stage lengths.
l Borehole—the stimulated length is taken from the
borehole-level Treatment Summary tab: End Depth
minus Start Depth.
For more information on the differences in calculations
based on primary source, see Completions Summary.

All panes under Plots & Stats can be collapsed and expanded by clicking the
arrow beside the pane title.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 29

Frac Summary

The toolbar at the top of the Frac Summary data card provides the following
options:

l Show Tracks allows you to select which tracks you want to display. The
stage track is always displayed.
l Export BMP saves the Frac Summary as a bitmap image
l Export PDFsaves the Frac Summary as a PDF.
l Export LAS saves the Frac Summary as an LAS log file which is a stand-
ard ASCII text file with well header information and columnar frac data.
l Settings controls the legends below each track.
Zoom in with the center mouse or by using the Magnifier in the bottom right
corner. To scroll up or down the tracks, click in the track and drag to the new pos-
ition. All tracks move together.

Related topics
Glossary: Stimulations

30 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 3D Viewer

3D Viewer
The 3D Viewer displays the following data types along the borehole. The easiest
way to understand the view is to hover over objects and read the details. You will
probably need to zoom in to see objects clearly. Zoom in with the center mouse
wheel.

Note For data types that are read from the host application, these data
types are not saved in the Frac Explorer database. They are only
retrieved on demand. In the current release, the only host applic-
ation is Kingdom.

Borehole The borehole display color is gold. If you hover over a

section of the borehole, a text box displays the MD and
TVD of the current segment from the deviation survey.
Bounding Box The main grid that displays the depth, latitude, and lon-
gitude.
Cardinal Dir- The direction labels can help orient the view. The color,
ections size, and position of the labels cannot be customized.
Casing Casing data is read from the host application project
database. You can review casing data on the Drilling
Events tab in Well Explorer.
Color legends The Graph and the Digital Log each have an associated
color bar. The color bar cannot be edited.
Depth Label The MD and TVD of the borehole is displayed per-
pendicular to the borehole
Digital Log Digital log data is read from the host application project
database. You can also view the borehole's digital logs
in Well Explorer
Formation Tops Formation top data is read from the host application pro-
ject database.
Graph Graphs of the completion statistics for each stage.
Perforations The perforation range displays as a cylinder around the
borehole. If the perforation header does not contain
individual perforations, then the hover display says Per-
foration Header.
Plugs Plugs display as orange cylinders around the borehole.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 31

3D Viewer

Treatment Display as blue cylinders along the borehole.

Treatment Graph The treatment graph displays as a colored bar to one
side of the borehole. To understand the values, turn on
the color legend.

The following 3D Viewer tools can help you customize your view and get detailed
information about each element:

l Hover your mouse over any object in the 3D Viewer to display details.
The actual object changes color and details are displayed in a text box.

l The top toolbar controls the elements you want to display:

l Show—turn on and off completion elements

l Graph—select the completion graph you want to display. The Graph
color legend displays the corresponding numeric values.
l Digital Logs—select a log to display along the borehole. Like Graph, the
color legend displays the corresponding numeric values.
l Copy—copies the 3D image to the clipboard
l Reset View—returns you to the position and size of the original 3D
image
l Background—select a different background color

32 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Statistics

Statistics
The Statistics tab displays key rate, pressure, and gradient statistics for your
stage data in a table. The values come from the Stimulation tab. Make sure you
have Stage selected as the Primary Source. The option is in the upper-right
corner of the Statistics tab:

For a graphical representation of statistics by stage open the Frac Summary tab.

The statistics include the following:

l Avg Inj Rate—average injection rate

l Min Treat Press—minimum treatment pressure
l Avg Treat Press—average treatment pressure
l Max Treat Press—maximum treatment pressure
l Frac Grad—fracture gradient
l Max Inj Rate—maximum injection rate
l ISIP—instantaneous shut in pressure
l Breakdown Press—breakdown pressure
For each statistic the following readings are given:

Max / @MD The maximum value in the borehole for that rate,
pressure, or gradient and the measured depth
(@MD) at which the maximum reading occurred.
Min / @MD The minimum value in the borehole for that rate,
pressure, or gradient, and the measured depth
(@MD) at which the minimum reading occurred.
Average / Median The average value and median value for the rate,
pressure, or gradient.

Related topics
Stimulations
Treatment Summary

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 33

Importing data

Importing data
Import > ASCII files
What are you trying to do?

Select the file format

Assign column headers

Set units of incoming data

Select an import option

Understand the import status report

Tip: Click Show hints in the upper right corner for assistance with the import
wizard.

To import frac data:

1. In Frac Explorer select Import > ASCII Files
2. In the first step of the Import Wizard select the data type you want to
import and click Browse for file to select the text file. Remember that
there is a dependency between some data types so the order you
import the data in is important. See Data Requirements for more
information.
3. Select the file format and specify the header/footer rows to skip.
4. Assign column headers. Required attributes are marked with an aster-
isk*.
5. Set the units of the incoming data and select the add/update import
option.
6. Review the Load Status Log to get more information on any skipped
records or errors.

Selecting the file format

The Select format page provides a preview of the file so that you can confirm
the format and the delimiter.

34 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Importing data

Before importing, make sure you understand the data requirements. This will
save you import errors.

The application runs a quick analysis on the selected file to determine the file
format and auto-fills the Format fields above the file preview. the File preview
is based on the results of the analysis. For example, if successive rows have a
consistent number of commas each, the application will select a delimited file
format with the comma as the delimiter.

1. If you have a saved template that you want to use, browse to and
select the template file. What the template includes depends on which
page of the import wizard that you saved it on. For example, if you
saved it on the Select format page, the template will include the file
format and the number of rows to skip, but not the assigned column
headers on the next page of the wizard.
2. If you did not load a template, confirm the displayed file Format:

Delimited Supported delimiters are: comma, tab, pipe,

semi-colon, colon, and custom. The file analysis
will not detect custom delimiters.
For a custom delimiter:
1. Make sure the format is Delimited
2. For Delimiter select Custom.
3. In the third box, select the custom
delimiter character.

Columnar The file analysis looks for consistent breaks in

text strings and defines columns, but you can
define the column breaks on the next page of
the wizard.
1. Enter the number of header rows to
skip, or simply click on the last header
row. The first row of actual data should
be the next row.
2. If you have rows you want to skip at the
end of the file, enter the first row of
footer data. All rows that follow until the
end of the file will be skipped.

3. Click Next to assign column headers.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 35

Importing data

Assigning attributes to columns

The Assign column header page displays the defined columns with the skipped
header text above. This text can help you assign an attribute to each column. You
do not have to assign an attribute to every column. Columns without assigned
column headers are not imported.

If you have a Constant Value that applies to each row in the file, at the top of
the page click in the Undefined cell and select the attribute. Then enter the
value or string for that attribute in the blank cell beside it. This would be the same
as having a column with the same value in each row.

To assign each column header:

1. Click in an Undefined header cell to display the list of possible attrib-
utes for the data type you are importing.
2. Select a category to display attributes in the right column. All data
types have required attributes. These are conveniently grouped
together in a single category. Other categories are data type specific.
3. Select the attribute for that column of data.
4. Repeat 1-3 for each column. If your data files are the same format, you
only need to assign the column headers once as you can save a tem-
plate of the header selection to use in subsequent imports.
5. Save the template. If you save the template on this step of the wizard,
the template will also include the file format information.
6. Click Next to go to the Summary page.

ASCII file import summary

The Summary page presents the final options before import:

Units unit settings Define the measurement units of the incoming

data.
l If all measurements are using the same sys-
tem, then just click Metric or Imperial beside
Use preset systems.
l If measurements are a combination of metric
and imperial, click the down arrow beside
each measurement and select the unit.

36 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Importing data

Import options The import options determine how data is added to

the database:
l Add new data entries ONLY—existing data
will not be replaced
l Update existing data entries ONLY—no new
data in the file will be added
l Add and update existing data entries—add
new data and replace existing data with
updated data

Click Import. When the import is finished, an import status will be displayed on
the Finish page.

Import Status Report

The Finish page of the wizard displays a summary of the ASCII file import. Click
Open Report to get the details of the import status.

Records that are in error or that are skipped are listed in the report. If a data type
fails, then all data types belonging to that data type are skipped. For example, if a
completion header fails because it does not have an observation number, then all
data underneath that completion will be skipped. If some data successfully impor-
ted into a well, but some data was skipped, then the well gets a status of partially
imported.

Message Comments

The depth range in the per-

The depth range in the perforation header is foration header is defined
smaller than the depth range defined by the by the depth ranges of the
perforations perforations and cannot be
smaller than that range.

If you selected the Add

[data type] already exists in the database
Only option, and the record
so cannot be added. All data belonging to
already exists in the data-
this [data type] was skipped.
base, it is skipped.

If you selected the Update

[data type] does not exist in the database
Only option, and the record
so cannot be updated. All data belonging to
does not exist in the data-
this [data type] was skipped.</value>
base, it is skipped.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 37

Importing data

Message Comments

The user selected to abort

the import. The import is
The import process was aborted stopped, but records
already imported is not
affected.

Duplicate values of key

identifiers are not allowed.
For example, you cannot
Duplicate records have two records with the
same UW I + Observation
Number + Stimulation +
Stage number.

The key identifier for the

Cannot find ID from database data type does not exist in
the database.

Required fields cannot be

Name and/or UWI cannot be blank
blank.

If a single perforation
record under a perforation
header has an error, all
other perforations under
Perforation errors found in this completion the same header are
skipped. the perforation
that failed to import will
have a specific error, typ-
ically around depth values.

No depth ranges within a

Perforation depth ranges cannot overlap
data type can overlap.

Perforation header depth ranges cannot No depth ranges within a

overlap data type can overlap.

Stage number is required

Stage number is missing
for all stage-level data.

A name cannot be longer

The name contains too many characters
than 255 characters.

Possible depth value errors

Invalid top/base depth value
are:

38 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Importing data

Message Comments

l The start depth is not

smaller than the end
depth
l A depth value is neg-
ative
l A depth field is blank

Related topics
Data requirements
Importing data

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 39

Customizing the table view

Customizing the table view

On most tabs you can customize the information in the table by selecting which
columns to display, and by changing the order of the columns.

l To select which columns to display, click the column icon in the upper
right-hand corner.
l To move columns, click on the column header and drag it to the new pos-
ition.
Some tabs such as the Frac Summary tab have collapsible panes. Click the dir-
ection arrow to collapse/expand the pane:

These viewing preferences are specific to each Windows user.

40 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Unit Settings

Unit Settings
Settings > Units
When you import your data, you define the units of the incoming data. The data-
base stores the data in metric units. If the incoming data is in imperial units, the
data is converted on import.

The Unit Settings provide a viewing preference for each Windows user. For
example, if you typically work in imperial units, you can select to view your data
in Imperial.

You can view all measurements Metric or Imperial by clicking the respective
button at the top of the dialog box, or you can select unit preferences for indi-
vidual measurements. You can also select the number of decimals for the data dis-
play.

Set your unit preferences and click Apply. The Apply button is only active if
changes have been made.

Related topics
Importing data

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 41

Glossary: Frac Explorer

Glossary: Frac Explorer

Each data card has its own glossary of terms, although the following terms are rel-
evant for multiple data cards:

Source The individual, company, state, or government agency des-

ignated as the source of information for this row.
Data Source A code to uniquely identify the source for multiple versions of
stage material information on the same well. Examples may
include Frac Focus, government sources, etc.

l Completion Header
l Treatment Summary
l Stimulation
l Materials
l Perforations

42 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Completion Header

Completion Header

With well header information already imported or entered, the completion header
is the next data type to import or enter. The only required field for the completion
header is the Observation Number, which must be a positive integer and
unique. You cannot have duplicate observation numbers.

Observations typically correspond to separate well completion events that hap-

pen over time, such as initial completion and workovers.

To manually enter completion header data, click Insert to add a row, and then
enter (or select) a value for each field. If the value you enter is not valid, the cell
will be outlined in red. A tooltip will explain the error. For general editing rules and
tips, see Entering and editing data.

To import the data by file see Importing data.

Although most fields can contain any alphanumeric string, the standard defin-
itions for the other fields in the completion header are the following:

Service Company The service company who executed the

completions.
Formation Name of the stratigraphic unit
Completion Date Start or effective date of the well com-
pletion. You can enter the date in any form,
but it is converted to mm/dd/yyyy.
Start Depth Measured depth from the surface to the top
of the well completion
End Depth Measured depth from the surface to the bot-
tom of the well completion
Completion Type A code identifying the type of completion;
for example, perforation, open hole, gravel
pack, or combination.
Completion Method The type of aperture through which the fluid
entered into the tubing.
Perforation Status Standard status entries are Open, Closed,
and Undetermined

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 43

Completion Header

Perforation Shots The number of perforations shot through

the casing wall and cement.
Report Seq No A sequence number referenced by U.S. leg-
acy products identifying the chronological
order of completion interval events within
the well
Interval Type Typically an indication if the completion
interval is the gross completion interval
(the shoe of the last cemented casing to
the total depth of the borehole.
Activity Seq No A sequence number to track the well
events in a chronological order.

Glossary: Treatment Summary

Basic
Stage number Stage number is not required as the Treatment Sum-
mary data is for the borehole. However, if you want to
associate the treatment to a specific stage you can.

Treatment obs A number to identify the specific interval being treated.

no

Additive type Typically a code to identify the type of additive used in

the treatment.

Run number A number which uniquely identifies the run or trip into
the well for the purpose of operating a test.

Test number A number used to uniquely identify the individual test

occurring within a test run or trip.

Test type The general type of test used to evaluate the potential
of the well.

Total water The total volume of water used in the treatment.

volume

Cost amount The cost associated with the job.

44 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Completion Header

Date & Source

Est. start/end The estimated start and end dates of the treatment for
date those wells where no treatment dates are reported.

Source The individual, company, state, or government agency

designated as the source of information for this row.

Data source A code to uniquely identify the source for multiple ver-
sions of stage material information on the same well.
Examples may include Frac Focus, government
sources, etc.

Well test source The individual, company, state, or government agency

designated as the source of information for this row.

Treatment
Type A code for the type of treatment job performed on the
well. Examples include hydraulic fracturing, acidizing,
and nitroglycerine explosives.

Fluid type A code identifying the type of treating fluid used in the
treatment operation of the well.

Amount The amount of treatment fluid used in treating the inter-

val.

Status A code to define the type of completion or perforation

status.

Status type A code to define the type of completion or perforation

status. Examples include open, closed, squeezed, and
plugged.

Temperature The temperature recorded during the treatment.

Proppant
Type The type of proppant used in the hydraulic fracture
treatment fluid. Examples include sand, aluminum
oxide pellets, glass beads, etc.

Amount The sum of the amounts of proppant agent used in the

treatment fluid. Propping agents are used to hold the
fractures open after the pumping stops.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 45

Completion Header

Mesh size The standard mesh size for the given proppant agent.

Glossary: Stimulation
Formation An underground layer of common rock
Frac Type A code to indicate the type of fracture performed
in the stage operation
Plugback Depth The depth of the well to the top of the permanent
plug for the stage
ISIP The instantaneous shut-in pressure recorded
after treatment fluid has been injected into the
formation.
Breakdown Pressure A value for the pressure needed to break the
formation. This is the minimum amount of pres-
sure that can cause a subsurface rock layer to
fracture.
Treatment Pressure Average pressure used in the stage operation
Frac Gradient The pressure gradient at which the formation
interval breaks down and accepts fluid,
expressed in units of kpa/m.
Injection Rate The maximum, minimum, and average injection
rates reached in the stage operation.
Th e injection rates for slurry/dirty fluids, and for
clean fluids.
Completion Design A code to describe the completion design used.
Ball Size The size of the ball used in the fracturing process.
Hydraulic Power The : maximum, minimum, and average
hydraulic horse power used in the stage oper-
ation typically expressed in units of hhp
(hydraulic horse power) or kw (kilowatt).
Proppant Type The type of proppant used in the hydraulic frac-
ture treatment fluid. Examples include sand, alu-
minum oxide pellets, glass beads, etc.
Proppant Amount The sum of the amounts of proppant used in the
treatment fluid.
Acid The acid type used in the spearhead operation,

46 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved

 Completion Header

generally denoted by a code

Base Fluid A code to define the type of base fluid used in the
fracturing process
Chemical Trace A code to define the type of chemical tracer used
in the operation
R-active Trace The code assigned to the radioactive tracer used.
Energizer A code to indicate whether an energizer agent
was used in the operation. Values are foam, ener-
gized, or none.
Energizer Type A code to indicate the type of energizer used in
the operation.
Gel A code to indicate the type of gel fluid used in the
operation
Acid Spearhead The volume of material used in the spearhead
stage of the fracture process, the purpose of
which is to clear debris in the borehole to provide
a pathway for fracture fluids to access the form-
ation
Fluid Pumped The volumes of clean and slurry fluids pumped
during the stage operation.
CO2 or N2 Pumped The total volume of CO2 or N2 pumped during the
stage operation.
CO2 or N2 Temperature The temperature of the CO2 and N2 during the
pumping operation.
Water Volume The total volume of water used in the stage oper-
ation

Glossary: Perforations
Perforation Header
Top Reservoir The upper producing zone within a formation for
formations that contains hydrocarbons.
Base Reservoir The bottom producing zone within a formation or
formations that contains hydrocarbons.
Shots The total number of perforations or holes pierced
through the casing or liner.

© 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved 47

Completion Header

Shot Density (per ft) The number of perforations used in combination

with perforations per unit. for example 8.5 shots
per meter with 17 shots every 2 meters.
Completion Status A code identifying the status type of a com-
pletion, such as open, closed, squeeze, plugged
or indeterminate.
Completion Status Type The group or type of status such as construction,
financial, legal, etc.
Type A code identifying the type of perforation method,
for example bullet, jet or combination.
Method A code identifying the type of opening the fluid
entered through into the tubing (e.g., perforation,
open hole, combination, etc.).

Perforations
Angle For directional perforating this is the angle of per-
forations expressed in degrees relative to north.
Phase The angle separating perforations, for example
120 or 180
Diameter The size or diameter of the perforations.
Perforation Count The number of perforations used in combination
with perforations per unit. for example 8.5 shots
per meter with 17 shots every 2 meters.
Charge Type A code to represent the type of charge used in
the perforation.
Charge Size The size of the charge used in the perforation.

48 © 2017 IHS Markit™. All Rights Reserved