CS29206 Systems Programming Laboratory, Spring 2022–2023

Class Test 2
13–April–2023 03:00pm–04:00pm Maximum marks: 60

Roll no: Name:

h i
Write your answers in the question paper itself. Be brief and precise. Answer all questions.

1. (a) Consider a text file input.txt, containing alphanumeric text along with special characters. Write a single grep
command which matches one (or both) of the following two kinds of strings.
(i) Strings starting with a lower-case letter at the beginning of the line, followed by any number of alphanumeric
characters, and ending with a lower-case vowel (not necessarily at the end of the line),
(ii) Strings starting with an upper-case letter (not necessarily at the beginning of a line), followed by any number of
characters (alphanumeric or special), and ending with a lower-case letter at the end of the line. (5)

grep -e ’^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9]*[aeiou]’ -e ’[A-Z].*[a-z]$’ input.txt

(b) Write an executable gawk script which reads a string S as input from the user (use getline, do not read from
a database), containing multiple fields delimited by ; as the separator. Each field of S contains an alphanumeric
string. Assume that S contains no spaces. For instance, the user may enter One;two;three;67tt7;852 as S.
Your script should print Success if the first or the last field of the input S is a numeric string (an integer in decimal
notation, without any + or - sign); otherwise it should print Failure. Write a function compare() with suitable
argument(s) (say, the string S) for solving this matching problem. However, the script should read the string S and
print the message (Success or Failure) outside the function. Note that twelve and 5six7 are not numeric strings,
whereas 12 and 567 are. Also assume that the empty string is not a numeric string. (10)

#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

function compare (s)

{
n = split(s, a, ";");
if ( (a[1] ˜ /ˆ[0-9][0-9]*$/) || (a[n] ˜ /ˆ[0-9][0-9]*$/) )
status = "Success"
}

BEGIN {
status = "Failure"
getline S < "-"
compare(S)
print status
}

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2. (a) Consider entries in a telephone directory with filename directory.txt as follows.
+123-334-889-778
+880-1855-456-907
+9-7777-38644-808
+123-443-998-887

Write a gawk command (not a script) which takes directory.txt as a command-line argument, and the prints
only the country codes in all the lines, as shown below. The same country code may be printed multiple times.
+123
+880
+9
+123 (3)

gawk -F- ’{ print $1 }’ directory.txt

(b) Consider a student dossier file which contains student names in a class Student Name,State (12)
and their respective native states. A dossier file from Prof. Artim is Bar Yash Foorole,Maharashtra
Foolan Barik,West Bengal
given to the right. The file starts with a header line, and is followed
Rabin,Bihar
by actual student data. The name and the state fields may contain Swetha V V V Y,Karnataka
spaces, and are separated by a comma (no space just before or just Naveen Praveen Reddy,Telangana
after the comma). The header may be different in different files. For Samir Sengupta,West Bengal
example, Prof. Foostein’s file has the header Name,Bundesland, Sundar F. B.,Uttar Pradesh
Rab Oof,West Bengal
whereas Prof. Barbouki’s file has the header Nom,Région.
Lalitha,Karnataka
Apply the notion of associative arrays, and write an executable gawk Lolita,West Bengal
Venu Murali Vamshi,Tamil Nadu
script to print all the states of the students appearing in a given
Barendra Salam,Manipur
dossier file. Each state appearing in the file (like West Bengal in
Prof. Artim’s file) should be printed only once, and the state header
(like State or Bundesland or Région) must not be printed. There
is no need to write the student names against every state.

In the code given below, the associative array state[] is accessed against every state found in the dossier file. If you choose, you
can set that entry to anything like 0 or 1 or "found".

#!/usr/bin/gawk -f

BEGIN { FS = "," }

{ if (NR > 1) state[$2] }

END { for (s in state) print s }

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3. (a) Write a sequence of bash commands in a script, (b) What will be printed by the following bash code (4 × 5)
that reads (from the terminal) two parts of the user’s snippet? Write your answer below the snippet.
name (may contain spaces) in variables firstname
declare -ai P=(2 3 5 7)
and lastname, and then sets and prints a variable
P[5]=11
fullname. Write your answer below the following
echo ${P[3]}
sample I/O. The quotes shown should be printed.
echo ${P[@]}
First name: Foo Bar echo ${!P[@]}
Last name: Basu Roy Chowdhury echo ${#P[@]}
Full name: "Foo Bar Basu Roy Chowdhury"

echo -n "First name: " 7

read firstname 2 3 5 7 11
echo -n "Last name: " 0 1 2 3 5
read lastname 5
fullname="$firstname $lastname"
echo "Full name: \"$fullname\""

(c) Suppose that the bash variable pattern stores a regular expression. You want to search for this regular
expression in a file myfile.txt. You can use the following command:
grep -e "$pattern" myfile.txt
Two other methods for the same search are sketched below. The first method uses pipe |, and the second method
uses string redirection <<<. Fill in the blanks (write nowhere else) to complete the commands of these alternative
methods. In each blank, use a standard Unix command to print the entire file myfile.txt to stdout.

cat myfile.txt | grep -e "$pattern"

grep -e "$pattern" <<< ‘cat myfile.txt‘

(d) What will be printed by the following bash code (e) What will be printed by the following bash code
snippet? Write your answer below the snippet. snippet? Write your answer below the snippet.
x=15; y=25 function f () {
function Fxy () { echo echo Hello, World!
echo "x = $x, y = $y" }
} g=‘f‘
function F () { echo "$g"
Fxy echo ’$g’
y=30; local x=10 y=20 echo ‘$g‘
Fxy ‘echo $g‘
}
F
Fxy

x = 15, y = 25 echo Hello, World!

x = 10, y = 20 $g
x = 15, y = 30 Hello, World!
Hello, World!

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4. Write an executable bash script to do the following task. The script uses a directory name dir. If that name is
supplied by the user as the first command-line parameter, dir is set to that parameter, otherwise dir is set to the
current directory. The script then checks whether dir is a directory and has read permission. If not, it exits with some
error status. Otherwise, it proceeds to create a file myfiles.zip in the current directory as outlined below (assume
that you have permission to write in the current directory). The script checks whether myfiles.zip is already
present in the current directory, and if that is the case, the script deletes the file. After that, the zip file is created using
the following command, where file1, file2, file3, . . . are all of the regular files in dir having read permission.
zip myfiles.zip file1 file2 file3 ...
Before invoking the command, the script makes a listing of all the files in dir, and identifies (and stores) the names of
all the regular files in dir with read permission. If there is no such file, the zip command is not invoked. Otherwise,
myfiles.zip is created using the above command. Write the executable bash script below to perform this task.
Note that you should call zip only once (provided that there are file(s) in dir to zip). You must not incrementally
add file(s) to the zip archive. (10)

#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then dir="."; else dir="$1"; fi

if [ ! -d $dir ]; then echo "$dir is not a directory"; exit 1; fi
if [ ! -r $dir ]; then echo "$dir is not readable"; exit 2; fi
echo "Going to zip files in the directory \"$dir\""
zipfile=myfiles.zip
if [ -e $zipfile ]; then rm $zipfile; fi
flist=""
declare -i n=0
for file in ‘ls $dir‘; do
if [ -f "$dir/$file" ] && [ -r "$dir/$file" ]; then
flist+=" $dir/$file"
n=$((n+1))
fi
done
if [ $n -eq 0 ]; then
echo "There are no files to zip"
else
echo "Going to zip the following $n files"
echo $flist
zip $zipfile $flist
fi

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