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Science Reasearch Task

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13 views

Science Reasearch Task

Uploaded by

aiden.george920
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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● The National Electricity Market (NEM) is comprised of five physically connected

regions on the east coast of Australia: Queensland New South Wales (which
includes the ACT) Victoria Tasmania South Australia
● The NEM provides 200 terabytes annually and provides electricity to 80% of
Australia’s energy consumption.
● Australia currently is a very high carbon emitter (14th in the world), much of
which is produced through fossil fuel electricity generation. Projections indicate
that the proportion of greenhouse gasses emitted by the electricity sector is
trending downwards, although not sufficiently fast enough to meet a 26-28%
emissions reduction target set by the previous coalition (right-wing) federal
government. Coal and gas continue to account for around 70% of electricity
generation across Australia in 2021.
● Generating energy through renewable sources produces no greenhouse gas
emissions from fossil fuels and reduces some types of air pollution. By changing
energy supply we can reduce dependence on imported fuels and other
countries. It can also create much more economic development and jobs in
manufacturing, installation, and more.
● But renewable energy can complicate the current system for maintaining grid
stability. For instance, renewable energy systems like solar arrays lack inertia, so
the traditional system for balancing supply and demand may not function
correctly. power can stop flowing immediately after a malfunction which would not
be practical as if that stops 80% of Australians would not have power.
● While renewables may not produce any energy at some times, there are also
times where they overproduce such as on very sunny or windy days. Sudden
spikes can cause issues controlling the voltage in the system and over load
generators which can cause problems within the electrical infrastructure.
●
To solve this problem we can use
Energy Storage:
Battery storage: Large-scale battery storage facilities can capture excess solar
energy during the day and release it to the grid at peak demand times. Pumped
hydro storage: Using excess energy to pump water uphill and then releasing it
through turbines to generate electricity when needed.

Hydrogen storage: Excess energy can be used to produce hydrogen through


electrolysis, which can then be stored and used for power generation or
transportation fuel.
Smart grids: Integrating technology to optimize energy distribution and manage
peak demand periods more effectively.
Demand Management:
Time-of-use pricing: Encouraging consumers to shift energy consumption to
off-peak hours through dynamic pricing structures. Demand response programs:
Incentivizing businesses and industries to reduce their energy usage during peak
demand periods. Improved forecasting:

Advanced weather prediction:


More accurate weather forecasting can help anticipate solar energy
production and optimize grid management.
Market reforms:

Capacity mechanisms: Creating mechanisms to ensure sufficient reliable


generation capacity is available on the grid, even when renewables are not
producing. Streamlining network connections: Simplifying and expediting the
process for connecting new renewable energy projects to the grid.
https://pvcase.com/blog/renewable-energy-and-grid-stability-modern-infrastructure-challe
nges-and-solutions/#:~:text=Renewable%20energy%20may%20complicate%20the,flowi
ng%20immediately%20after%20a%20malfunction

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