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Modelling and Design of A Building in SAP2000

design guide

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kabirawan518
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40 views

Modelling and Design of A Building in SAP2000

design guide

Uploaded by

kabirawan518
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modelling and design of a building (SAP2000)

Modeling
File>New model> Add grids> Edit grids by adding required spacings> Define materials> define
sections> Draw Model
Assign joints to ground floor by selecting everything
Move slabs to top of beam

Select all beams> assign> frame> insertion points> change cardinal point from centroid to top
center
Changing The End Length Offset of beams
In y-z plane Select all beams> assign> frame> end length offsets> change from auto to user
defined( left side is i and right side is j) but in video> they again selected auto

Define load patterns


( dead load 1 , wall, partition, parapet, floor finish 0, live 0, Roof live 0, Eqx, Eqy user loads)

Apply loads
 for wall: use load kn/m = Density of wall*thickness*( height of floor-depth of beam); e.g.
19.2*0.2*(3.048-0.450) = 9.97 KN/M
& for walls with openings= consider 30% area as openigs, so multiply with 0.7
 For applying parapet wall load to cantilever slab: use load kn/m2 = Density of
wall*thickness; e.g. 19.2*0.2*= 3.84 KN/M2
 Apply floor finish by selecting all the slabs and use value= 1 KN/m2
 Apply partition wall load by selecting all slabs except roof and use value= 1 KN/m2 for
half brick partition
 Apply Live load by selecting all slabs except roof & staircase and use value= 2 KN/m2 for
residential building
 Apply Live load to staircase and use value=3 KN/m2 for residential building
 Apply Live load to the roofs and use value=1.5 KN/m2 for residential building

Define mass source


Use multiplyer 0 for roof live,,1 for each load and 0.25/0.5 for <3 / >3 live loads,,,, don,t add
earthquake loads

Apply Diaphragm
 define>joint constraints
define diaphragms according to the number of floors and assign them
 Assign Area meshing and generate edge constraint by selecting each and every slab

Apply lateral loads


Calculate lumped mass of the building and calculate base shear, then calculate storey shear
For manually calculating
calculate area of each element then multiply it with depth and heights to get volume, exclude
the 30% for walls with openings, then multiply these volumes with unit weights( KN/m 3) to get
loads in KN >

Now calculate live loads also and multiply with their scale factors > then add these loads. For a
floor= use half weight from upside and half weight fro downside.

For calculations in SAP 2000


Define new load combinations> Run model> Display> Show Tables>Check Base Reactions
Calculate storey shear in x and y directions

Go to define>load patterns> edit Eqx & Eqy> modify lateral load pattern> use values of storey
shear
Another method is to directly select the code
Go to define>load patterns>edit Eqx & Eqy and change them to codes from user loads> modify
lateral load pattern>use values according to building zone
Further step:
To apply EQx>count number of columns in y direction and call them nodes( for each storey
individually) >divide value of Eqx by number of columns or nodes> select columns> assign> joint
loads> forces> load pattern= Eqx/Eqy> put values only in x-direction for each strorey individually

Define Load Combinations


Assign codes> Design> concrete frame design> view/revise preferences
Define> load combinations> add default design combos> concrete frame design> rename all
combos according to their loads>

Define envelope load combinations


Define> load combinations> add new combo> rename> select type as evnelope> run the model
& check values
Design Phase
check for max and min rebar/steel percentage
Design> concrete frame design> display desig info> select rebar percentage

Column P-M-M Interaction ratios


Design> concrete frame design> display desig info> Column P-M-M Interaction ratios> see the
colours of columns according to scale and check if they are safe

Beam column capacity ratios


Design> concrete frame design> display desig info> Beam column capacity ratios> All values must
be less than 1

Column beam capacity ratios


Design> concrete frame design> display desig info> Column beam capacity ratios> All values must
be greater than 1.1

Joint shear capacity ratios


Design> concrete frame design> display desig info> Joint shear capacity ratios > All values must
be less than 1

Storey Shear
Display> show deformed shape for EQx> select x-z plane/ again show deformed shape but check
wire shadow option> now storey shear/drift must be less than 0.004 times floor height/ again
check for EQy with y-z plane

Drift ratios
(Drift of upper floor-drift of lower floor)*storey height

Pushover Analysis & design


There are two types of analysis
1: Linear= 1 static/ lateral force method & 2 dynamic/ response spectrum
2: Non-linear= 1 static/ pushover analysis & 2 dynamic/ time history analysis

Define gravity loads


Define> load cases> add new load case> rename> load case type is static-non linear>load
type/pattern is dead> add all loads with 1 scale factor and for LL= 0.25/0.3 for <3/3 or> 3 KN/m2
>Geometric Nonlinearity parameter= P-Delta> Mass source= MSSSRC1> modify load application>
LOF= full load> DOF= U3( select joint number from next step below)> results saved= multiple
states= min-100 & max-1000
Now go in y-z ( longer) plane and select any joint in center of building> right click and check it,s
label> put that label in DOF in above step

Assign Response spectrum


Define> functions> response spectrum> select the code> add new function> rename acording to
code> select seismic zone factor & soil type> damping ratio= 5%

Assign hinges to beams


Select all beams> assign> frame> hinges>( software will consider all beams as 1m)

Hinge property=auto/ relative distance= 5mm/ hinge table=concrete beam flexural items/ case
combo=gravity/ degree of freedom=M3/ deformation controlled hinge= In extrapolated after
point E> now add another hinge at 950mm

Assign hinges to columns


No hinges near footing fase & roof of top floor face
Select all columns> assign> frame> hinges>( software will consider all beams as 1m)

Hinge property=auto/ relative distance= 5mm/ hinge table=concrete columns/ case


combo=gravity/ degree of freedom=P-M2-M3/ deformation controlled hinge= In extrapolated
after point E> now add another hinge at 950mm ( for near footings-only add at 950 mm & for
near roof- add at 5mm only)

Analyze the Model


Analyze> set load cases to run> check for different steps and see if hinges are formed
Display> show hinge results>
Display> show static pushover curve> plot type= fema 440 equivalent linearization> modify/show
parameters> demand spectrum definition=function=code> check include soil structure
interaction effects

Response Spectrum Analysis


Define response spectrum function
Define> functions> response spectrum> select code> add new function> rename according to
code>

Define response spectrum load cases


Define> load cases> add new load case> rename as RSx> load case type=response spectrum>
modal combination=CQC > directional combination=SRSS> Modal load case=modal> add with
load name u1 scale factor 1 and click ok//// now add Rsy with changed name u2

Modify Scale Factor


Change EQx and Eqy to codes from user loads

Run model> display> show tables> structure output> base reactions> load case= eqx,eqy,rsx,rsy>
file> export tables to excel> Global FX= EQx1 Rsx/ Global FY= EQy1 Rsy> delete all other> divide
upper and lower, that are scale factors> put in RSx and Rsy

Analysis & Design


Run> design> concrete frame design> view/revise preferences> select code> design building

Extract data to design footings


Go to z=0 level> in display options, check show labels> select all joints> unselect points of
staircase> display> show tables> joint output> reactions> use values from F3 column>

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