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3.1 Floating and Sinking - ClassNotes

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14 views

3.1 Floating and Sinking - ClassNotes

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gavva.samanvitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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3.

1 Floating and sinking

9Pf.01: - Use density to explain why objects float and sink

Floating and sinking: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXoQbWoIiRE

Byoance:- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=khc2wUBsFU4

Archimedes principle:- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05WkCPORlj4

Density is a measure of how heavy something is relative to its size, and it's a characteristic property of
a substance. Whether an object floats or sinks in water depends on its density relative to water:
Less dense than water
Objects with a density less than water will float. For example, wood, cork, and cotton are less dense
than water and will float.
More dense than water
Objects with a density greater than water will sink. For example, iron and aluminum are more dense
than water and will sink.
Densities of few common metals:-
Densities of different liquid:-

Densities of different states of matter:-

Different liquids have different densities because of the mass, size, and arrangement of their
molecules, as well as how closely they are packed together:
Mass and size: For example, water molecules are heavier and smaller than oil molecules, so water is
denser than oil.
Arrangement: Water molecules are also very attracted to each other and pack closely together, which
contributes to water's density.
Spacing: The space between the molecules also affects density.
Applications of Density in Real Life:-
Separation of Substances:- Various substances can be separated using density techniques. For
example, oil can be separated from the water because it has a lower density than water and it floats on
the surface of the water and can thus easily be removed.

Working of Submarines:- Submarines go inside the water and come out of it by changing their density
with respect to the water if the density of the submarine is less than the water it floats and comes out of
the water. If the density of the submarine is greater than the water it goes inside the water.

Floating of Ships:- The ships made of steel and other heavier metal flow despite they are much denser
than water because they are shaped in such a way that their structure is always less than the water.

Why do humans float in saltwater?


When salt is dissolved in water, as it is in ocean water, that dissolved salt adds to the mass of the water
and makes the water denser than it would be without salt. Therefore due to increase in density of fluid,
upward Buoyant force will increase due to which object will float better in salt water.

Swimming in the Dead Sea


The Dead Sea, in Israel, is a fun place to experience the buoyancy effects of saltwater first hand. The
Dead Sea is a dead end; it is the lowest point on Earth and the end of the Jordan River. The river carries
salt into the sea and the evaporating water concentrates it. The salt concentration in the Dead Sea is
300 parts per thousand, by contrast, ocean water is 35 parts per thousand. The high salinity means that
swimmers float easily and a popular tourist activity is to recline effortlessly on top of the water while
reading a newspaper or magazine.

Science Project: Floating an Egg


You don’t need to travel to Israel to explore why salt makes things float, you can do a science project. All
you need is a peeled hard-boiled egg, a jar of warm water and salt. Place the egg in the jar of water. It
will sink to the bottom. Take the egg back out and stir in as much salt as will dissolve in the water. Try to
place the egg in the jar again and this time, the salt has increased the density of the water enough to
float the egg.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmZYkjTAyxA

Think like a scientist:-


How do Ice cubes and ice bergs float in water ??? Why don't they sinnk ??

Problem questions to solve:-


Example 1: Find the density of seawater if 1120 kg of water occupies 1m3.

Example 2: If a rock sample has a high carbon content and a volume of 0.055 cm3 and a mass of 0.25
g. Check whether it is Graphite or Diamond if the density of graphite is 2.266 g/cm3 and the density of
diamond is 3.51g/cm3.
Example 3: You’re preparing to travel to Mars. You’ve been given a 1.34-meter-long cubical box to
pack. Your box’s final density must be no more than 5 kg/m3 due to fuel and space constraints. What is
the maximum weight you can carry?

Example 4: What is the density of a sugar cube that weighs 30 grams and has a side length of 8 cm?

Solutions for the above questions:-

Example 1:

Example 2:
Example 3:

Example 4:

Homework:- Find out and list down the use of density in real life, be it in the kitchen, construction,
medical, food industry...

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