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Complex Number... 4

Mathematics N4 Complex Numbers

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120 views

Complex Number... 4

Mathematics N4 Complex Numbers

Uploaded by

nicolettephemelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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MATHEMATICS N4

COMPLEX NUMBERS
MODULE 2:

MR. MONNAMONTSHO 1
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF COMPLEX
NUMBERS IN POLAR FORM
Step 1: Convert the complex numbers from polar to rectangular
form.
Step 2: Add or subtract the real terms and the imaginary terms
separately.

2
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF COMPLEX
NUMBERS IN POLAR FORM
Example 1:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑍1 = 6 𝑐𝑖𝑠 90𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍2 = 2 𝑐𝑖𝑠 30. Calculate 𝑍1 + 𝑍2 without
the use of the calculator.
𝑍1 = 6 𝑐𝑖𝑠 90 𝑍2 = 2 𝑐𝑖𝑠 30
= 6(cos 90 + 𝑗sin90) = 2(cos 30 + 𝑗sin30)
= 0 + 𝑗6 = 3+𝑗
∴ 𝑍1 + 𝑍2
= 𝑗6 + 3 + 𝑗
= 3 + 𝑗7 3
MULTIPLICATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN
POLAR FORM

Step 1: Multiply the moduli(r) and


Step 2: Add the arguments () together.
For example:
𝑟1 ∠1 × 𝑟2 ∠2
= 𝑟1 × 𝑟2 ∠1 + 2

4
MULTIPLICATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN
POLAR FORM

Example 2:
6∠90 × 2∠30
= 6 × 2∠90 + 30
= 12∠120

5
DIVISION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN POLAR
FORM

Step 1: Divide the moduli(r) and


Step 2: Subtract the arguments ().
For example:
𝑟1 ∠1 × 𝑟2 ∠2
𝑟1
= ∠1 − 2
𝑟2

6
DIVISION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS IN POLAR
FORM

Example 3:
6∠90 ÷ 2∠30
6
= ∠90 − 30
2
= 3∠60

7
DE MOIVRE’S THEOREM

• De Moivre’s theorem is used to raise complex numbers to


powers.
• This theorem provide a simple way to determine a power of a
complex number in polar form.

8
DE MOIVRE’S THEOREM

For example:
(𝑟∠)𝑛 𝑍 𝑛 = 𝑟(cos  + 𝑗sin) 𝑛

= 𝑟 𝑛 ∠ × 𝑛 = 𝑟 𝑛 (cos 𝑛 + 𝑗sin 𝑛)


= 𝑟 𝑛 ∠𝑛 = 𝑟 𝑛 ∠𝑛
= 𝑟 𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝑛

9
DE MOIVRE’S THEOREM

Example 4:
( 4.2∠ − 80 )3
= ( 4.2)3 ∠ − 80 × 3
= 8,607∠ − 240
= 8,607∠120

10
SOLVING COMPLEX EQUATIONS WITH TWO
VARIABLES
• If two complex numbers are equal, their modulus and arguments are
equal.
• If two complex numbers are equal, their respective real parts and
coefficients of the imaginary parts are equal.
• The complex equation can be split into real equations by equating the
real parts and the imaginary parts:

11
SOLVING COMPLEX EQUATIONS WITH TWO
VARIABLES
Real
parts
𝑎 + 𝑗𝑏 = 𝑥 + 𝑗𝑦
Imaginary
parts

•𝑎 = 𝑥
•𝑏 = 𝑦

12
METHOD FOR SOLVING COMPLEX EQUATIONS

Step 1: write both sides of the complex equation in the


standard (rectangular) form, 𝑎 + 𝑗𝑏 = 𝑥 + 𝑗𝑦
Step 2: Equate the real parts, 𝑎 = 𝑥 and imaginary parts,
𝑏 = 𝑦.
Step 3: Calculate the unknown variables.
Step 4: verify the solution.

13
SOLVING COMPLEX EQUATIONS
Example 5: solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦.

3𝑥 − 𝑗3 = −6 + 𝑗12𝑦
Real parts Imaginary parts
𝑎=𝑥 𝑏=𝑦
3𝑥 = −6 −3 = 12𝑦
1
∴ 𝑥 = −2 ∴𝑦= −
4
14
SOLVING COMPLEX EQUATIONS
Example 6: solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦.
(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑗(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 5 + 𝑗7

Real parts Imaginary parts


𝑎=𝑥 𝑏=𝑦
(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 5 −(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 7

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5…(1)
−𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7…(2)
(1)+(2)
∴ 2𝑦 = 12
∴𝑥=6
Sub 𝑥 in to (1)
𝑦 = 5 − 𝑥 = 5 − 6 = −1 15
SOLVING COMPLEX EQUATIONS
Example 7: solve for 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑗2𝑥 − 4 − 𝑗 = 2𝑦 − 𝑗𝑥 − 6𝑥 ∴ −4 − 𝑗 = 2𝑦 − 𝑗𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 𝑗2𝑥

−4 − 𝑗 = (2𝑦 − 6𝑥) − 𝑗3𝑥

Real parts Imaginary parts


−4 = 2𝑦 − 6𝑥 … (1) −1 = −3𝑥 … (2)
1
𝑆𝑢𝑏 𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 (1) ∴𝑥=
3

1
2𝑦 = 6 − 4 = −2
3
∴ y = −1 16
HOMEWORK

1. Activity 2.9 page 91:


Number 2.1, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1-3.5, 4.1-4.5, 5 and 6.
2. Activity 2.10 page 97:
Number 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 2, 3.3 and 4.
3. Activity 2.11 page 106:
Number 1.2, 1.5-1.9, 2.1-2.4, 3.2, 3.4, 4 and 5.
17
THE END

18

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