CPB6000 HL-DP User manual

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CPB6000 HL-DP
Oil operated
differential pressure balance

User Manual
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Notice

All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy of the

contents of this manual.
However, should any errors be detected, Desgranges &
Huot would greatly appreciate being informed of them.

Desgranges & Huot cannot assume any responsibility for

the consequences of errors contained in this manual.

In order to improve it, this manual can be subject to

change without notice.

For more information, please contact us.

DH Desgranges et Huot
Wika Group
B.P. 60293 - 95617 Cergy Pontoise Cedex
France
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1. PURPOSE 5
1.1 Measurement principle 5

2. DESCRIPTION 6
2.1 Component check list. 6
2.2 Sub-assembly location. 7
2.4 Description of the sub assemblies. 8
2.4.1 Measuring post. 8
2.4.2 Piston-cylinder. 8
2.4.3 Piston displacement indicator. 9
2.4.3 Piston displacement indicator. 9
2.4.4 Quick-connecting head 41951. 10
2.4.5 Isolation valve 40912. 10
2.4.6 Volume variable screw press 40985. 11
2.4.7 Sump P/N 40888. 11
2.4.8 Priming pump 40992. 12
2.4.9 Oil reservoir. 12
2.5 Electrical system. 13
2.5.1 Rotation motor. 13
2.5.2 Temperature probe. 13
2.5.3 Piston position sensor (optional). 13
2.5.4 Electrical connection. 13

3. INSTALLATION & START UP 14

3.1 The standard as delivered. 14
3.2 Mounting the piston-cylinder. 14
3.2.1 Installing the standard. 14
3.2.2 Cleaning the piston-cylinder. 14
3.2.3 Removing the piston-cylinder plug. 15
3.2.4 Installing the piston-cylinder. 16
3.2.4.1 Installing the cylinder. 16
3.2.4.2 Installing the piston. 18
3.2.5 Purging the system of air. 19
3.3 Start up. 20
3.4 Calibration procedure. 21
3.4.1 Using the CPB6000 HL-DP as a single pressure balance 21
3.4.2 Using the CPB6000 HL-DP in Differential pressure mode. 22
3.5 Precautions to be taken to assure good measurements. 24
3.6 Shut down procedure. 24
3.7 Periodic maintenance. 24
3.8 Periodic operational check & re-calibration. 25
3.9 Moving the standard. 25
3.10 Shipping the standard. 25
3.11 Storing the standard. 25

4 METROLOGY. 26
4.1 Pressure calculation. 26
4.1.1 Generality. 26
4.1.2 KN factor. 27
4.2 Influence factors. 28
4.2.1 Gravity correction. 28
4.2.2 Air buoyancy correction. 28
4.2.3 Piston-cylinder temperature correction. 29
4.2.4 Piston-cylinder pressure distorsion correction. 30
4.2.5 Fluid head correction. 30
4.3 Temperature probe. 31
4.3.1 Measuring principle. 31
4.3.2 Measurements. 32
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4.4 Optimisation of DP calibration. 33

4.4.1 Interpretation of a DP transmitter output connected to a CPB6000 HL-DP. 33
4.4.1.1 Equilibrium at static pressure. 33
4.4.1.2 Measurement of differential pressures. 33
4.4.2 Explanation of the CPB6000 HL-DP accuracy 34
4.4.3 Method to optimise the use of a CPB6000 HL-DP. 36
4.4.3.1 Verification of the equilibrium at static pressure. 36
4.4.3.2 Making differential measurements. 37

5. TROUBLE-SHOOTING 38
5.1 Poor piston mobility. 38
5.2 Piston does not rotate. 38
5.3 Aberrant measurement. 38
5.4 Poor pressure stability. 38
5.4.1 The leak can be located by observation. 38
5.4.2 The leak cannot be located by observation. 39

6. MAINTENANCE. 40
6.1 Changing the mounting post O-ring assembly 41096. 40
6.2 Changing the quick connecting head O-ring assembly P/N 41087. 42
6.3 Changing the drive belt. 44

7. CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC 45
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1. PURPOSE

The Desgranges & Huot CPB6000 HL-DP series pressure standards are oil operated pressure
balance used to test gauges, sensors and transmitters, other pressure balance up to 1000
bar/14500 Psi (depending of the model). The CPB6000 HL-DP series are specially designed for
calibrating differential pressure instrument at high static line pressure.

1.1 Measurement principle

The pressure measurement is calculated from the conversion of the pressure applied on the
section on one side of the piston to the force that can be measured from the weight of the
masses on the other side of the piston. The total weight of the masses must equilibrate exactly
the pressure in the circuit. An indicator indicates the position of the piston.

The following formula is used: F = MG/A

With:
G Gravity acceleration (where the device is operated).
M Total weight of the masses.
A Effective area of the piston-cylinder assembly.
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2. DESCRIPTION

2.1 Component check list.

The pressure balance Light alloy casting, housing all the component
itself : necessary for operation. Delivered in his own box.

The mass set : Two mass set composed of multiple and sub-multiple
of the kilogram. The main mass is 2 kg.
A mass set can be from 10 kg up to 50 kg maximum.
They are supplied in a series of boxes.

Piston-cylinder Supplied in a carrying case with a special mounting

assembly : tool.

Standard accessories:

This user manual.

1 x Calibration certificate.
1 x litre of hydraulic fluid Sebacate.
1 x Spare drive belt.
2 x Piston travel limit pins P/N 30199.
4 x Foot rest P/N 37613.
1 x Seal bearer mounting tool P/N 40957.
1 x Measuring post seal bearer P/N 41096.
1 x Quick connecting head seal bearer P/N 41087.
1 x DH 1500 gland P/N 40966.
1 x DH 1500 plug P/N 41009.
2 x DH 1500 standard connector P/N 41101.
2 x Mass carrying Bell
1 x Oil run-off cup P/N 39509.
1 x Universal power supply with his power cord.
1 x RTD output cable.
1 x Pair of gloves.
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2.2 Sub-assembly location.

Front view

1/2 Measuring post (1 is HP – 2 is LP)

3/4 Variable volume P/N 40985
5 Rotation motor ON/OFF switch
6 Reference level indication
7 Oil reservoir
8/9 Isolation valve P/N 40912 (8 is HP – 9 is LP)
10 Mechanical piston displacement indicator P/N 30286
11 Reservoir valve
12 / 13 Pressure head P/N 41951. (12 is HP – 13 is LP)
14 Priming pump
15 Bubble level P/N 41468

5 13 15 12 7 11

3 9 10 8 4 14
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2.4 Description of the sub assemblies.

2.4.1 Measuring post.

Free deformation measuring post

Function : Piston cylinder measuring

post.

Description :
Stainless body (1) over which a pulley
(2) is mounted on a bearing.
The pulley is rotated by the motor using
a drive belt. The pulley assures piston
rotation using the drive pin (3) which
pushes the pin (4) on the piston plate.
(5) Piston travel limit pin.
(6) Cylinder retaining nut.
(7) Seal bearer.
(8) Temperature probe.

2.4.2 Piston-cylinder.

Function :
It is the fundamental metrological element which
transforms the pressure into a measurable force.

Description :
The piston (A) is equipped with a plate (B) on
which is mounted a pin (C).
The cylinder (D) is always made of tungsten
carbide and the piston is made of tungsten
carbide or steel.

Piston cylinders of different effective areas are

interchangeable. All pistons have the same mass
(200 grs) and all cylinders have the same
external dimensions.
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2.4.3 Piston displacement indicator.

2.4.3 Piston displacement indicator.

Function:
Mass
Give a precise indication of the piston carrying
position and displacement. bell

Description :

It is a lever that moves in the same

direction as the piston. On the lever is
a needle which is visible on a scale on
the front of the standard. The scale
indicates upper and lower end of
stroke position as well as the mid-
stroke equilibrium point. The lever
moves thanks to a magnet which
tracks, without touching it, a nickel
Nickel ring
plated iron band on the mass carrying
Magnet
bell. The indication given by the
needle is a 4 times amplification of
actual piston movement. Scale
Needle

When working without the mass

carrying bell (not recommended), the Piston
mid-stroke equilibrium point is identified drive Index ring
by the middle marking on the piston pin
drive pin when it is in line with the index
ring.
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2.4.4 Quick-connecting head 41951.

Function:
A convenient connection to the system under test which
will not be damaged or wear despite many make and
break operations.

Description :
A knurled nut (1) tightens onto a connector. A seal
bearer assembly (2) make the seal. The knurled nut is
tightened by hand even if high pressure is required. The
only maintenance required is the replacement of the seal
bearer.

Note :
A lot of different connectors are available for this quick
connecting head.

2.4.5 Isolation valve 40912.

Function:
To shut off one part of the circuit from an other.

Description :
In the closed position, the red label on the handle
is toward the white reference dot (1). A Belleville
spring pushes the needle onto its seat. The
handle feels loose when valve is closed. The
opening of the valve is progressive and made by
turning the handle clockwise to compress the
spring. Rotation of the is limited to a half turn by
stops.
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2.4.6 Volume variable screw press 40985.

Function :
Pressure generation and regulation up to 1000 bar
(15000 psi).

Description :
A cylinder (1) in which a plunger moves by turning a
handle (2). Variation of volume for the entire plunger
stroke is 8 cm3. Variation for one handle turn is 0.17
cm3.

2.4.7 Sump P/N 40888.

Function:

Located at the low point of the circuit to serve as a

drop out for impurities coming from the system under
test. Serves as manifold for all the tubing of the
circuit.

Description :

A cylinder (1) with the fittings needed for the

connection of the internal tubing. A drain-cock (2)
allows system purge. The clarification chamber is an
interchangeable sub assembly.
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2.4.8 Priming pump 40992.

Function :
To fill and prime the internal and external hydraulic
circuits.

Description :
Single piston pump. Flow for one stroke is 3.5 cm3.
The maximum working pressure of the pump is 80
bar. The priming pump is an interchangeable sub-
assembly.
(1) is the exhaust check valve.

2.4.9 Oil reservoir.

Function :
Hold the fluid needed to fill the standard and the test
system.

Description :
The tank (3) is manufactured in stainless steel. The
cap (1) is equipped with an o-ring for hermetic
sealing during travel and storage. The output (4) is
equipped with a metallic filter which can be easily
dismounted and cleaned.
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2.5 Electrical system.

2.5.1 Rotation motor.

All CPB6000-DP series are equipped with a rotation motor used for the rotation of the piston .
The piston is put in rotation using a drive belt and the measuring post pulley that push the
piston drive pin. The nominal speed rotation is 30 rpm. An ON/OFF switch is located in front of
the device.
The motor is 12 Vdc powered with external universal transformer with the following
specification :

Input : 100 – 120 / 200 – 240 Vac

Ouput : 12 vdc, 45 watt max.

2.5.2 Temperature probe.

All CPB6000-DP series are equipped with platinum RTD with a 100 ohm nominal resistance at
0°C following the DIN 43760 norm. The 100 ohm value is given with an uncertainty of +/- 0.1
ohm which corresponds in temperature to +/- 0.25°C. The temperature probe is located in the
measuring post as close as possible of the piston cylinder. A connection cable is delivered in
the accessories to be able to read the temperature with an ohmmeter. This temperature probe
is easily removable for periodic check/calibration.
As an option, the user can read the temperature directly with our Terminal 5000 remote
interface (do not hesitate to contact for further details).

2.5.3 Piston position sensor (optional).

All CPB6000-DP series can be equipped with electronic piston displacement sensor. Those
sensors, more accurate than the mechanical one, are designed to be used with our Terminal
5000 remote interface. They are capable to amplify the displacement of the piston up to 30
times.

2.5.4 Electrical connection.

1 – Piston position detector.

2 – Fuse.

3 – Power supply.

4 – Temperature probe.
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3. INSTALLATION & START UP

3.1 The standard as delivered.

The standard and the accessories are in their dedicated box.

The four adjustable feet are fully screwed in.
The visible reservoirs are empty.
In the place of both piston-cylinders, is a dummy stainless steel cylinder.
The masses are in their carrying cases.
Both piston-cylinders are in their carrying case with the piston cylinder key.

3.2 Mounting the piston-cylinder.

The overall piston-cylinder mounting procedure includes the following and is the same for the
measure and for the comparison piston-cylinder:

- Set the standard on a stable and operating rigid table at convenient height.
- Clean the piston-cylinder.
- Remove dummy cylinder.
- Mount the piston-cylinder.
- Purging the standard.

By convention, the measure piston is installed at the right side of the machine, the taring one
on the left.

3.2.1 Installing the standard.

The standard must be placed on a stable and rigid table at convenient working level. The
environment must be as clean and perturbation free as possible.
Avoid all electrical and frequency perturbation.

3.2.2 Cleaning the piston-cylinder.

Before mounting the piston-cylinder, it must be cleaned for good measurement. Use a liquid
solvent or liquid soap and water.

Submerge the cylinder in the fluid and wipe the exterior and interior with a clean lint free cloth
or tissue.
Soak the piston in the fluid and wipe it off.
Put the piston in the cylinder. If both elements are properly cleaned, the piston moves freely
without resistance in the cylinder.
Once the elements are clean, soak the piston in the oil used in the standard and put the piston
into the cylinder so that both pieces are lubricated.
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3.2.3 Removing the piston-cylinder plug.

Complete the following first :

- Loosen the oil reservoir cap. Open the reservoir
isolation valve. Unscrew the variable volume to mid-
stroke. Close the reservoir isolation valve.

Rotate ring (A) to expose the head of the piston

travel limit pins. Remove each pin as it appears.

Insert the pin end of the piston-cylinder key into the

retaining nut.
Unscrew and remove the nut.
(A lock ball keeps the nut on the key).
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Invert the key and set the notched end over the plug
and tighten the T handle as indicated.
Remove the key and plug.

3.2.4 Installing the piston-cylinder.

3.2.4.1 Installing the cylinder.

Put the cylinder into the notched end of the piston

cylinder key.
Tighten T handle.

Note : The cylinder serial number and / or X notation

must face upwards after installation.
To do so, put this end of the cylinder into the key.
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Insert the cylinder in the mounting post and loosen

the T handle.

Invert tool.
Reinstall the piston-cylinder retaining nut.
Tighten until it bottoms out against the cylinder.
Note : A lot of torque is not required here.
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3.2.4.2 Installing the piston.

Pump oil to the top of the cylinder using the

priming pump.

Insert the piston into the cylinder.

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Replace the three piston limit pins and rotate

ring (A) to engage locking ball (B).

Repeat from 3.2.3 for both piston cylinder

3.2.5 Purging the system of air.

After installing the piston-cylinder, the system should be purged of any air which may be
present.

1 / Check that :
- The quick connecting head is plugged.
- The oil reservoir cap is loosened.
- The piston travel limit pins are installed.
- The mass carrying bell is not on the piston.

2 / Close the reservoir isolation valve.

3 / Increase the pressure in the system using the priming pump until the handle becomes hard
to move.

4 / Open rapidly and completely the reservoir isolation valve.

5 / Close the reservoir isolation valve and repeat operation 3 & 4 two or three times.
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3.3 Start up.

The description below pertains to start-ups with the piston-cylinder already installed.

1 / Level the standard using the 4 levelling feet and the bubble level.

Screw in completely all four feet and check for the stability of the standard, if necessary,
unscrew a feet until the standard is stable.
According to the indication of the bubble level, unscrew two by two the feet which are opposite
of the bubble position. Ex: if the bubble is completely at the rear of the bubble level, unscrew
the 2 front feet together. If the bubble is at the right of the bubble level, unscrew the 2 left
feet together , etc, etc.
Repeat the operation until the bubble is in the centre of the bubble level.

2 / Connect the power supply cable to the receptacle on the rear of the standard. Plug the the
cable into the power supply.

3 / Connect the temperature probe cable to the receptacle on the rear of the standard and to a
digital ohmmeter. If you are equipped with a Terminal 5000 interface, please refer to the
Terminal user manual for proper connection.

4 / Proceed as follows :
- Plug the quick connecting head if it is not already done.
- Open the reservoir valve.
- Put the variable volume at mid-stroke.
- Close the reservoir valve.

5 / Switch the motor ON to rotate the piston.

6 / Place the mass carrying bell on the piston plate and load 10 kgs on the bell.

7 / Increase the pressure using the priming pump. Pump the handle until it becomes hard (do
not force the handle). Then if necessary, screw in the variable volume until the piston reaches
its top position.

8 / Wait approximately two minutes. The purpose of this step is to form the pressurised
components and to check the system for leaks.

9 / Decrease the pressure by unscrewing the variable volume until the piston reaches its fully
down position.

10 / Open the reservoir isolation valve to bring the pressure inside the standard back to
ambient.
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3.4 Calibration procedure.

3.4.1 Using the CPB6000 HL-DP as a single pressure balance

1 / Connect the system under test to the

appropriate quick connector (HP side).

- Remove the plug from the quick connecting

head.
- Close the reservoir isolation valve. Close the
LP isolation valve.
- Using the variable volume, bring oil to the top
of the connecting head O-ring assembly.
- Connect the system under test to the
connecting head.

2 / Unscrew the variable volume leaving about one inch of travel.

3 / Load the mass carrying bell with the quantity of mass corresponding to the first pressure
increment.

4 / Prime the standard and the system under test using the priming pump until pumping
becomes hard to move (Do not force the handle).

5 / Screw in the variable volume until the piston moves up to mid-float position as defined by
the piston displacement indicator.

6 / Take reading of the system under test.

7 / Add the masses necessary to define the next pressure increment.

8 / Repeat 9,10, and 11 for subsequent ascending pressure increments.

9 / For descending pressure increments, remove the appropriate masses and unscrew the
variable volume.

10 / After the last increment, unscrew the variable volume until the piston is in its full down
position. Open the reservoir valve and return to ambient pressure.
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3.4.2 Using the CPB6000 HL-DP in Differential pressure mode.

1 / Connect the instrument to the differential

pressure standard. The LP side of the
instrument must be connected to the LP side of
the CPB6000, the HP side of the instrument to
the HP side of the CPB.

- Remove the plug from the quick connecting

head.
- Close the reservoir isolation valve. LP & HP
isolation valve must be open.
- Using the variable volume, bring oil to the
top of the connecting head O-ring assembly.
- Connect the system under test to the
connecting head.

2 / Calculate the mass value required to

balance the static pressure P.

3 / Load this mass on to the measuring piston.

4 / Load an equivalent mass on to the

comparison piston.

5/ Prime the standard and the system under

test using the priming pump until pumping
becomes hard to move (Do not force the
handle).

5 / Screw in the variable volume until the

piston moves up to mid-float position as
defined by the piston displacement indicator.
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6 / Using the fractional weights provided,

adjust the mass on the comparison piston so
that both pistons are in equilibrium with their
position indicator needles in the mid-position.
Depending of the current pressure in the
balance and your working environment, it may
take some time to realize this equilibrium, but
it is essential to do it perfectly in order to
perform good measurements.

7/ When the equilibrium is correct, close the LP

isolation valve

8 / Calculate the mass value required for the

first differential pressure increment and add
this to the measuring piston.

9 / Using the variable volume, adjust the

pressure on both sides so that the position
indicating needles are again in the mid
position.
The differential pressure increment is now
defined.

10/ Repeat steps 8 & 9 for each differential

pressure increment.

11 / Repeat from 2 if another static line is

required
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3.5 Precautions to be taken to assure good measurements.

1 / Clean the piston-cylinder thoroughly before installation.

2 / Install the cylinder in the correct direction: S/N and or X mark upwards.

3 / Verify that the piston travel limits are installed.

4 / Purge the standard.

5 / Level the standard and check the level when different mass values are loaded.

6 / Rotate the piston.

7 / Always put the piston in fully down position before opening any valve.

8 / Always put the piston in fully down position before venting pressure.

9 / Calibrate instruments in their operating position.

10 / Reduce as possible the amount of connection in you circuit to reduce the risk of leaks.

3.6 Shut down procedure.

1 / Put both piston at bottom position.

2 / Open the reservoir isolation valve.

3 / Screw in completely the variable volume.

4 / Close the reservoir isolation valve.

5 / Tighten the oil reservoir cap.

6 / Turn OFF the motor.

7 / Put the masses in their storage box.

3.7 Periodic maintenance.

1 / Empty the oil from the oil run off cup (never re-use this oil).

2 / Open the sump drain-cock and drain off oil until it runs clear.

3 / Clean piston plate and masses.

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3.8 Periodic operational check & re-calibration.

For regular use, it is recommended to return the standard to Desgranges & Huot every two or
three years for a system overhaul. Production, high volume applications or internal quality
rules may require more frequent maintenance.

Periodic re-calibration of the piston-cylinder and masses assure the long term reliability and
optional metrological performance of the system. Thought other organisations can perform
these calibrations, it is recommended that the Desgranges & Huot Calibration, test and service
Division be used in order to receive data which allows the exploitation of piston KN factors and
whole number masses.
The Desgranges & Huot calibration chain also documents long term repeatability of the system
inside of accuracy tolerances.

3.9 Moving the standard.

When moving the standard, complete the following :

1 / Remove the piston-cylinder.

2 / Store the piston and cylinder in their case.

3 / Install the piston-cylinder plug into the mounting post.

4 / Tighten the oil reservoir cap.

5 / Plug the quick-connecting head.

3.10 Shipping the standard.

When shipping the standard, the special shipping crates provided should be used.

1 / Follow moving the standard instructions 1-5 on previous paragraph.

2 / Completely screw in the four adjustable feet.

3 / Put the standard, the piston cylinder, and the masses in their carrying cases.

4 / Store the standard’s accessories in the standard’s case.

3.11 Storing the standard.

Follow shipping the standard instructions 1-5 above.

Storage temperature : -15 °C + 65 °C (+5 to + 150 °F).

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4 METROLOGY.

4.1 Pressure calculation.

4.1.1 Generality.

The pressure balance is the most accurate instrument to measure a pressure, however, to
obtain the best result it is necessary to perform some calculation and correction.

Ideally, the location where the pressure balance is located should be equipped with
environmental monitoring device such as, ambient temperature monitor, humidity monitor,
barometric pressure monitor and also a device to read a PT 100 temperature probe to read the
piston-cylinder temperature. All those parameters can be provided by our Terminal 5000
interface. Do not hesitate to contact us for more information.

The basic formula to calculate a pressure with a balance is:

P (pressure) = F( a force (the masses) ) / A (area, the area of the piston-cylinder)

Unfortunately, the above formula is too simple for a correct result. The complete formula which
should be used is as follow :

Air
buoyancy Surface
Gravity Correctio tension
Correction.
correction
Masses

PCA effective
area.
Piston-cylinder
temperature correction. Pressure distortion
correction.
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4.1.2 KN factor.

In order to make easier calculation of the pressure, the measuring element (the piston-
cylinder) has been designed such as 1 kg of mass balances a pressure equal to a whole
number of Pascal. The measured value of this coefficient, noted Kn (20), is linked to the
effective area A (20) and is calculated as follow:

Where:

Kn(20) is the coefficient conversion at 20 °C (it can be in bar/kg, Psi/kg or Mpa/kg.

ρa is the density of the air (nominal value is 1.2 kg/m3).
ρm is the density of the material used for the mass (value is 7920 kg/m3).
gn is normal gravity (9.80665 ms2).
A(20) is the effective area of the piston cylinder at 20°C (Value given in the calibration
certificate).

Several piston-cylinders are available to cover different ranges:

In bar/kg In Mpa/kg In Psi/kg

5.0 0.5 100

10.0 1 200
20.0 2 250

All our piston-cylinders are in tungsten carbide.

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4.2 Influence factors.

4.2.1 Gravity correction.

At the location where the standard is used, the local gravity (gl) is usually different from the
normal gravity (gn = 9.80665 ms2 ). In order to take in account this parameter in the pressure
calculation, the mass value must be corrected.

Use the formula below:

Where:

P is the pressure.
Kn(20) is coefficient conversion of the piston cylinder at 20°C.
M is the mass loaded on the piston.
gl is the local gravity (where the standard is located).
gn is the normal gravity.

Note: The biggest value measured for the gravity on earth is 9.83 ms2 and the smallest is 9.78
ms2. The error introduced by the gravity can be up to 2.10-3 of the measured pressure.

4.2.2 Air buoyancy correction.

The value of the mass loaded on the piston is affected by the ambient air buoyancy. The air
buoyancy is calculated from the ambient temperature, the ambient humidity and the ambient
atmospheric pressure.

It can be calculated with an uncertainty less than 3.10-4 by using the following formula:

a = [(0.34848 x p) – (0.009024 x h x e0.061t )] / 273.15 + t

Where:

a : air buoyancy of the air in kg.m-3.

p : atmospheric pressure in hpa ( must be between 800 & 1200 hpa).
h : air humidity in % (must be less than 80 %).
t : air temperature in °C (must be between 10 & 30°C).
e : 2.71828.
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Once, the value of the air buoyancy is known, the correction must be apply to the mass loaded
on the piston using the following formula :

Where:

P is the pressure.
Kn(20) is coefficient conversion of the piston cylinder at 20°C.
M is the mass loaded on the piston.
ρm is the density of the material of the masses.
ρan is the normal air buoyancy.
ρal is the calculated local air buoyancy.

Note: The error introduced by the air buoyancy can be up to 1.5 x 10-4 of the measured
pressure.

4.2.3 Piston-cylinder temperature correction.

If the temperature is different from 20 °C, a correction must be applied to the piston-cylinder.
It will correct the distortion of the material which the piston-cylinder is made of according to
the temperature.

The following formula must be used:

Where:

S(θ) is the effective area of the piston at current temperature.

A(20) is the effective area of the piston at 20°C
α is the temperature deformation coefficient of the piston-cylinder.
θ is the current temperature of the piston-cylinder in °C.

The temperature coefficient for the tungsten carbide is 4.5 x 10-6.

The temperature coefficient for the stainless steel is 10.5 x 10-6.

If you are using a piston cylinder in tungsten carbide, the α coefficient will be:
4.5 x 10-6 + 4.5 x 10-6 = 9.10-6

If you are using a piston in steel and a cylinder in tungsten carbide, the α coefficient will be:
10.5 x 10-6 + 4.5 x 10-6 = 15.10-6
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4.2.4 Piston-cylinder pressure distorsion correction.

When the pressure is higher than zero, the effective area of the piston must be corrected with
his pressure distortion coefficient called Lamdba (λ ). This coefficient can be very important for
high pressure measurement.

The following formula must be used:

Where:

Ap is the piston effective area at pressure.

A0 is the piston effective area at null pressure.
λ is the pressure distortion coefficient.

4.2.5 Fluid head correction.

The calculation described at the previous paragraph defines the pressure at the reference level
of the machine. The reference level of the machine is the bottom of the piston when it is in
mid-float position. It is identified by a label on the standard housing.

Generally, the instrument under test is not at the same height as the standard’s reference
level. Therefore, a correction defined by the following formula must be made:

Where:

∆P is the fluid head correction.

ρ is the density of the fluid at operating pressure P.
∆h is height difference between the standard and the instrument under test.
gl is local gravity.

The ∆P correction is negative if the instrument under test is above the standard’s reference
level:

- P instrument under test = P standard – ∆P

The ∆P correction is positive if the instrument under test is bellow the standard’s reference
level:

- P instrument under test = P standard + ∆P

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4.3 Temperature probe.

4.3.1 Measuring principle.

In the range of 0 to 40 C°, the temperature is proportional to the change in resistance of the
platinum RTD following the formula:

θ = (Rθ - R0) / 0.38965

Where:

θ is the temperature in degrees C°.

Rθ is the resistance (in ohms) of the platinum RTD at temperature θ.
R0 is the resistance ( in ohms) of the platinum RTD at 0 C°.
0.38965 is the conversion coefficient ohms/degrees C°.

The resistance used must be the resistance of the platinum RTD only excluding the resistance
of the read-out cable. This is why a four wire cable is used.

Two wires are used to give a constant power supply to the RTD (5 mA max).
Two wires are used to measure the resistance of the RTD.
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4.3.2 Measurements.

Using an ohmmeter allowing 4 wire measurements. In this case, there is a direct read-out of
the R value.

1/ Connect the read-out cable to the receptacle on back of the standard.

2/ Connect the 4 plugs of the cable to a digital ohmmeter (supply current must not exceed 5
mA).
3/ The ohmmeter should be calibrated to read a value of about 100 ohm with an accuracy of
+/- 0.01 ohm.

Example of calculation:

Value read on the ohmmeter: 107.32 Ω.

Ohmic resistance at 0 C° : 99.98.

θ = (107.32 – 99.98 ) / .38965 = 18.87 C°.

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4.4 Optimisation of DP calibration.

4.4.1 Interpretation of a DP transmitter output connected to a CPB6000 HL-DP.

4.4.1.1 Equilibrium at static pressure.

The isolation valves between the two mounting post are open:

- An equilibrium between the two pistons is established by adjusting the mass load on the
tarring piston.
- The differential pressure transmitter connected to the CPB6000 HL-DP is exposed to the same
pressure on both HP & LP sides.
- The output value of the transmitter is the zero at that static pressure. Any fluctuation in this
value comes from electrical noise inherent to the transmitter.

4.4.1.2 Measurement of differential pressures.

The isolation valve between the two CPB6000 HL-DP mounting posts are closed:

- One piston is isolated from the other

- The pistons are rotated by a drive motor which causes some fluctuation in the pressure
defined by either one even if the differential pressure is zero. This fluctuation appears as
“noise” in the output of the differential pressure transmitter. Depending upon the sensitivity
and resolution of the transmitter, the noise is more or less detectable.

The piston drive system is not permanently in contact with the pistons.
- The motor is used to give an impulse to the drive pin on the piston plate. The main motor
drive pulley is oval so the drive pin on the secondary drive pulley moves at varying speed.
- The drive pin on the piston occasionally receives an impulse from the drive pin on the
secondary pulley. Each time the two drive pin touch, a fluctuation in the pressure, greater than
the normal fluctuation occurs.

- When the static equilibrium of the pistons has been properly established, the CPB6000-DP
standard can establish and stabilise a differential pressure of an average value independent
from the fluctuations.
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4.4.2 Explanation of the CPB6000 HL-DP accuracy

The accuracy of the CPB6000 HL-DP standard is expressed as follows:

Absolute accuracy = A + (1.10-6 x P) + (1.10-4 x DP)

Or :

Absolute accuracy = A + (1.10-6 x P) + (5.10-5 x DP)

A is a constant value that depends upon the piston-cylinder size used in the CPB6000-DP.

For a KN = 5 bar/kg piston cylinder A = 1.10-4 bar

For a KN = 10 bar/kg piston cylinder A = 4.10-4 bar
For a KN = 20 bar/kg piston cylinder A = 8.10-4 bar

(A is usually called the “Noise” of the piston-cylinder, it is the pressure perturbation caused by
the rotation of the piston-cylinder)

P is the static pressure (in bar).

DP is the differential pressure (in bar).

The term A + (1.10-6 x P) is the repeatability of the differential pressure values defined by
the CPB6000 HL-DP.

This term is evaluated as follows:

Once the equilibrium has been established between the two piston-cylinders at a given static
pressure and the isolation valve has been closed, the measuring piston is loaded with a small
mass value. A variation of the average value of the differential pressure is then observed.

This variation is quantified by the value δ (in bar) which represents the difference between the
average value of the differential pressure before and after the small mass is loaded.

By progressively reducing the value of the small mass, the smallest value of δ detectable by
variation of the average differential pressure is determined.
The minimum value of δ must be equal to or less than the term A + (1.10-6 x P).
(see schematic next page)
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Continue ---
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4.4.3 Method to optimise the use of a CPB6000 HL-DP.

4.4.3.1 Verification of the equilibrium at static pressure.

When equilibrium between the two CPB6000 HL-DP pistons has been reached, the output
signal of the transmitter under test should be stable and constant within the transmitters
intrinsic characteristics, when the isolation valve is open.

After the isolation valve between the two pistons is closed, fluctuations of the differential
pressure may increase the noise in the transmitter’s output but the average value must be the
same as that found with the isolation valve open.

If the average value of the differential transmitter output with the isolation valve closed is
different from the average value with the isolation valve open, the equilibrium made with the
isolation valve closed is not good.
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It is important to note that observing the output signal of a transmitter should only be used as
an indication that the equilibrium and therefore the zero value with the isolation valve closed is
not good.

If the resolution and repeatability of the transmitter are good enough to allow it, this indication
can be used to improve the equilibrium made at static pressure. To do so, a repeated
comparison of the average output of the differential transmitter with the isolation valve open
and then closed must be made and the equilibrium mass value adjusted to improve the
equilibrium.

4.4.3.2 Making differential measurements.

Method 1:

The equilibrium at static pressure has been made properly. In this case, at each differential
pressure value, the output value recorded for the transmitter should be the average of a series
of measurements at that pressure.

Method 2:

The equilibrium at static pressure is imperfect. The isolation valve between the two pistons is
closed. The value to record as the transmitter’s output at a given differential pressure, is the
difference of the average of a series of measurements before and after having added the mass
to define the differential increment.
Using this method, the CPB6000 HL-DP will meet or exceed its specifications.
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5. TROUBLE-SHOOTING

5.1 Poor piston mobility.

- The piston-cylinder is dirty. Remove it and clean it.

- The level of the standard is not properly adjusted. Check it and readjust it.

5.2 Piston does not rotate.

- Bad connection of the motor power supply. Check it.

- The fuse is blown. Replace it.

- The belt is damaged or in wrong position. Check it and replace it if necessary.

- The motor is out of function. Replace it.

5.3 Aberrant measurement.

- The piston-cylinder is dirty. Remove it and clean it.

- The level of the standard is not properly adjusted. Check it and readjust it.

5.4 Poor pressure stability.

There is a leak in the pneumatic circuit. Be sure there is no instrument connected to the
balance and re-check. If the pressure is still not stable, checks as follows.

5.4.1 The leak can be located by observation.

- Sump drain cock: Tighten the sump drain cock.

- Quick connecting head: Replace the connecting head O-ring assembly.

- Measuring post: The oil run off cup fills rapidly. Change the measuring post O-ring assembly.

- Loose gland nut in the circuit: Tighten the nut using a 12 mm wrench.
Do not tighten nut with pressure applied.
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5.4.2 The leak cannot be located by observation.

Reservoir valve:

Unable to maintain the pressure, the piston goes down continuously. If closing the LP & HP
valve solves the situation, the reservoir valve must be replaced.

Variable volume:

Isolate one of the variable volumes using a pressure plug on the pressure manifold.
Pressurise the system. If the leak no longer exists, then change the variable volume.
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6. MAINTENANCE.

6.1 Changing the mounting post O-ring assembly 41096.

Remove the cylinder and screw in the special tools

into the O-ring assembly.

Pull the tool upwards to extract the O-ring

assembly.

The upper O-ring is P/N 50207.

The anti-extrusion ring is P/N 36871.

The lower O-ring is P/N 50208.

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Before mounting, check that the anti-extrusion ring

is well centred.

Screw a new O-ring assembly onto the special tool,

push it into place in the mounting post and unscrew
and remove the special tool.
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6.2 Changing the quick connecting head O-ring assembly P/N 41087.

Remove the knurled nut from the quick-connecting

head end screw in the special tool into the O-ring
assembly.

Pull upwards to remove the O-ring assembly.

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The upper O-ring is P/N 50197.

The O-ring assembly P/N 41087.

The anti-extrusion ring P/N 40900.

The lower O-ring is P/N 50206.

Before mounting, check that the anti extrusion ring

is well centred.

Screw a new O-ring assembly onto the special tool

and push it into the quick-connecting head.
Unscrew the special tool.
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6.3 Changing the drive belt.

1 / Remove the mass carrying bell

(1), the upper cover (2) and the
rear cover (3).

2 / Remove the used belt.

3 / Slip the new belt over the pulley

(4) and position it in the groove.
Pass the belt through the opening
(5) and position it in the groove of
the motor pulley (6).

4 / Reinstall the protective covers,

(2) and (3).
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7. CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC

1 – Oil reservoir
2 – Reservoir valve
4 – HP isolation valve
5 – LP isolation valve
6 – Pressure manifold / Sump
7 – Variable volume
11 – Measuring post (P+DP)
12 – Comparison post
13 – HP pressure connection
14 – LP pressure connection