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What causes cohesion between water molecules?

A. Hydrogen ions attract oxygen ions.

B. Water molecules form covalent bonds between each other.

C. Covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule.

D. Hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules.

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carbohydrates soil hydrophilic heat capacity sweat viscosity raise other

buoyant aquatic Solvent stems water sink High Cohesion

The polarity of the covalent bonds between the atoms in the water molecule causes hydrogen bonds between the
molecules. These give the following properties which are vital to the functions of living organisms:

1. , water molecules attract each other - allows an unbroken column to rise

up the of tall trees.

2. Adhesion, water molecules are attracted to charged molecules - retains water in

3. - dissolves molecules such as ions, proteins and in

blood plasma.
4. High , large quantity of heat needed to the temperature of water, stable

environments.

5. heat of vapourisation, large quantity of heat to evaporate - as a coolant.

6. The low of water allows it to flow easily in the circulatory system.

7. Animals are generally more dense than water so tend to but can be made

by feathers or gas chambers retaining air.

Which of the following factors caused water to be retained on the surface of the earth?

A. Gravity

B. Goldilocks zone

C. Viscosity

D. Temperature

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heat capacity attract polar properties unequal support evaporation hydrogen

cohesion hydrogen oxygen

Water is a molecule; the oxygen atom is slightly negative and slightly positive

due to the sharing of the electrons between hydrogen and . These small

charges each other forming bonds. This largely accounts for the unique

of water that make it an ideal liquid to life.

Properties caused by polarity include , adhesion, solvent properties, high and

high heat of .

Water is an evaporative coolant that allows organisms to lose heat by evaporating. Which of the following organs does
not lose heat in this manner?

A. Dog's tongue

B. Human brain

C. Horse's lung

D. Plant leaf

Which kind of bonds can form between water molecules?

A. Covalent

B. Hydrogen

C. Peptide

D. Ionic

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In a water molecule, what is meant by the 'positive pole'?

A. The area containing more electrons near its hydrogen atom nuclei

B. The area containing fewer electrons near its hydrogen atom nuclei

C. The area containing fewer electrons near its oxygen atom nuclei

D. The area containing no electrons near its oxygen atom nuclei

In a water molecule, what is the area containing more electrons around the oxygen atom known as?

A. Positive nucleus

B. Negative pole

C. Ionic territory

D. Synaptic cleft

Describe hydrogen bonds by filling the gaps with two of the following words:

weak covalent atoms poles strong

A hydrogen bond is a bond formed between the positive and negative of

adjacent water molecules.

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Explain why water is a good substance for transport of molecules by filling in the gaps by dragging and dropping three
of the following words:

viscosity hydrophilic dissolve react with clean diffuse

Water is a good substance for the transport of molecules in living things as it can easily a wide

range of molecules. It also has low which allows aqueous solutions to travel
through vessels.

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Which of the following statements relates to the cohesive property of water molecules that has importance to animals
living in ponds and in transport of water in the xylem of plants?

A. Hydrogen atoms allow ionic bonds to form.

B. H-bonds make water molecules stick to each other.

C. Ions within water molecules attract each other, creating a strong bond.

D. Covalent bonds allow water molecules to stick to each other.

12

Which of the following molecules are readily soluble in water?

A. Glucose, some amino acids and ionic salts.

B. Ionic salts and polysaccharides

C. Lipids and carbohydrates.

D. Steroids, Fatty acids and glycerol.

13

Which property of water helps to keep lakes at relatively stable temperatures?

A. It it adhesive and cohesive.

B. It is transparent.

C. It has a high melting point.

D. It has a high specific heat capacity.

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Some medicines are designed to dissolve in a glass of water.

What is the term used to describe polar molecules which are easily soluble in water?

A. Hydrophobic

B. Osmotic

C. Hydrostatic

D. Hydrophilic

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Why, in the search for extraterrestrial life on distant planets, why is the Goldilocks zone an important consideration?

A. Planets in this zone provide a suitable environment for growth of Arena sativa.

B. Planets in this zone have the correct temperature for water to be liquid.

C. Planets in this zone provide a suitable environment for Ursus arctus.

D. Planets in this zone have oxygen in the atmosphere.

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