SAT

Digital Practice
Tests
TABLE OF CONTENT

PRACTICE TEST 1 1-49

PRACTICE TEST 2 50 - 99

PRACTICE TEST 3 100 - 146

PRACTICE TEST 4 147 - 197

PRACTICE TEST 5 198 - 250

PRACTICE TEST 6 251 - 293

Digital SAT Tests

PRACTICE

1
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Practice Test 1

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

On November 5, 1966, British artist Tom Phillips was There was just one problem, according to scholars in

rummaging through a warehouse full of bargain books the emerging field of behavioral economics: humans
when he found an old, hardbound Victorian novel by W. aren’t rational. In the real world, people make irrational
H. Mallock. The book, which Phillips purchased for economic decisions all the time. For instance, studies of
mere pennies, was titled A Human Document , savings behavior show that many workers choose not
and he decided to make it the raw material for his next to enroll in retirement-savings plans offered by their
art project: a mixed-media book of erasure poetry. This employers even when these plans are in the
project would later bloom into a decades-long workers’ interest. Behavioral economists who have
obsession, as he continued to the near-forgotten studied the issue balme the “default effect,” according
novel into a kaleidoscopic work of art. to which people given a choice tend to favor the option
Which choice completes the text with the most logical presented as the default or status quo.
and precise word or phrase? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) amend and precise word or phrase?

B) mutate A) ostentatiously
C) transform B) expansively
D) rehabilitate C) overwhelmingly
D) extravagantly

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Newcomers were always treated with indifference. Equally clear is the right to hear. To suppress free
Even if you were the best guitar player, or cuíca player, speech is a double wrong. It violates the rights of the
or composer, or cavaquinho player, in the world, you hearer as well as those of the speaker. It is just as
had to be invited to join the circle. Don’t even think criminal to rob a man of his right to speak and hear as
about joining and fighting to set the pace right it would be to rob him of his money. I have no doubt
away-newcomers only follow. The batucada-that that Boston will vindicate this right. But in order to do
glorious, improvised roda sound- was like a school of so, there must be no concessions to the enemy. When
fish, sometimes, floating serenely together, sometimes a man is allowed to speak because he is rich and
darting faster than you could keep up with, but you powerful, it aggravates the crime of denying the right
had to earn the right to lead that school. And the to the poor and humble.
songs? Don’t even think about playing a lighthearted Which choice best describes the function of the
marchinha-those were for once a year, for Carnaval, for underlined sentence in the overall structure of the text?
outsiders. Samba in the roda had mirth but it wasn’t a A) To imply that the right of speech and the
party; it was a lament. When you play samba on the protection of wealth are both essential to the
roda, you laugh at your own misery. You and your pursuit of happiness.

.
loneliness hold hands and traipse through the music, in B) To highlight the illegality of violating free
awe of how pathetic and glorious you both are. speech by juxtaposing the violation with an
Which choice best describes the function of the acknowledged crime.
underlined sentence in the overall structure of the text? C) To point out that when individuals are denied
A) To use sensory imagery to show how a certain the right of free speech, they are also placed at
musical style became widespread. financial risk.
B) To make a comparison between different types D) To suggest that individuals should value the
of artistic expression. right of speech as much as they value the right
C) To provide an analogy to explore the effect of a to amass money.
musical style on a culture.
D) To describe an auditory experience using an
evocative visual image.

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Text 1
Earth is the only known planet that has plate tectonics, and this activity has been proposed as one necessary
condition for the evolution of life. Planetary scientist Diana Valencia and her colleagues found that as planetary
mass increases, there is an increase in the shear stress [stress parallel to a planet's surface] and a decrease in the
plate thickness. Both of these factors weaken the plates and contribute to plate subduction, which is a key
component of plate tectonics. Therefore, the scientists say, the conditions required for plate deformation and
subduction are easily met by super-Earths. Their results show that this is particularly true for the larger

super-Earths.
Text 2
Once they had an idea of what an exoplanet’s mantle and crust might look like, geochemically speaking, the
scientists were able to determine whether that exoplanet’s crust would be dense enough to sink into the mantle,
just as Earth’s oceanic plates do at places like the Cascadia subduction zone - North America’s
1,000-kilometer-long chain of volcanoes built as one plate takes a deep dive beneath another. Making the
calculation involved rigorous modeling: As pressures and temperatures mount during a plate’s descent, atoms in
the plate undergo a reorganization that makes the plate denser. Should the plate remain denser than the

.
surrounding mantle then the plate would continue to sink. If that is the case, plate tectonics might thrive for
billions of years. But if it odess
m m not and the plate stalls, then plate tectonics would shut down, crippling life’s
does
chances. The results paint a rather depressing result as far as habitability is concerned: At least two thirds of the
simulated planets build a crust that is too buoyant to sink.

In response to the findings stated in Text 1, what would the author of Text 2 most likely point out?
A) The crusts of the super-Earths lack the thermal energy needed to cause deformation and subduction.
B) Conditions required for plate tectonics to occur vary according to the mass of the planet.
C) The buoyancy of most super-Earths’ plates overcomes other forces that sustain ongoing plate
deformation and subduction.

D) There is no direct method for analyzing the geochemical composition of super-Earths.

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The text is adapted from a speech delivered in 1918 by When Spribille and his colleagues analyzed Bryoria’s
Jeannette Rankin, During the First World War,
Representative Rankin spoke at a congressional debate RNA-the messenger form of DNA-they discovered
about amending the US Constitution to grant women
suffrage. something amazing. “We found that there was this

Deep down in the hearts of the American people is a third thing, riding along in every single sample,” he

living faith in democracy. Sometimes it is not expressed said, referring to the previously unknown

in the most effective way. Sometimes it seems almost basidiomycete. [...] The final proof that this was not an

forgotten. But when the test comes, we find it still elaborate hoax came when the researchers developed

there, groping and aspiring and helping men and green fluorescent markers that attach to specific RNA

women to understand each other and their common sequences in the basidiomycete, and blue markers that

needs. It is our national religion and it prompts in us attach to complementary RNA sequences in the other

the desire for that measure of justice which is based on fungus, an ascomycete. Sure enough, when they added

equal opportunity, equal protection, equal freedom for these markers to samples of lichen tissue, the cells of a

all. In our hearts we know that desire can be realized hidden fungal partner glowed under the microscope.

only when “those who submit to authority have a voice We can’t be certain the second fungus is present in all

in their own government”-whether that government be lichens. Spribille’s study only looked at the lichens in
the Parmeliaceae family, the most widespread and

.
political, industrial or social.
Based on the text, what reason would Rankin likely successful group on Earth today. But the entire lineage

suggest for why it is wrong for a democratic is vast and ancient, and it’s possible some groups split

government to deny suffrage to women? off on the evolutionary tree before the basidiomycetes

A) The full set of essential liberties and arrived on the scene.

protections in a democracy is unavailable to Based on the text, what is true about basidiomycete

those denied the right to choose elected yeast?

representatives. A) It may have been absent in distant ancestors

B) The nation’s founding documents enshrine the of the lichens that Spribille studied.

principle that a representative government is B) It may have initially developed as a result of

invalid if rights are restricted. lichen contamination during earlier studies.

C) Only if both men and women have the right to C) It may be impossible to reproduce from

vote can people address the serious problems cultures in a laboratory setting.

that arise in a democracy. D) It may be a necessary component of symbiotic

D) People’s faith in democracy is weakened when organisms other than lichens.

there is a continual need to remind national

leaders of its tenets.

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The natural-ice trade began to decline from the early decades of the twentieth century, though in more remote
areas of North America where electric power was not available but lake ice was abundant in winter, it survived as
late as the 1950s. As ice harvesting died out, the evidence of its former vast scale rapidly disappeared. There was
no alternative use for the great ice-houses, many of which simply burned down, often set alight by a spark from a
steam train-they were surprisingly flammable, as most were made of wood and kept as dry as possible to better
preserve the blocks of ice they housed. But the majority were demolished or simply rotted away.

What is the main idea of the text?

A) The natural-ice industry declined over several decades, leaving few traces of its magnitude.
B) The arrival of the steam train signaled the demise of ice harvesting.
C) Icehouses were extremely flammable and therefore few remain.
D) In the 1950s, the natural-ice industry experienced a short-lived revival.

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mm
9

Macdonald dated a volcanic region, called the Franklin Large Igneous Province (LIP). He discovered the Franklin
LIP became active close to when the first snowball Earth event began around 717 million years ago. Macdonald
and Robin Wordsworth used a combination of geologic evidence and modeling to test whether the Franklin LIP
could be the culprit. In a new study, they show that Franklin LIP’s volcanic activity could have caused extreme
climate change. That is because of a unique combination of factors: First, the Franklin LIP formed in an area rich
in sulfur; as it erupted, large plumes of hot gas and dust would have lofted sulfur particles kilometers into the air.
Sulfur particles block the incoming sun and also keep heat from escaping Earth, which can create either a
warming or cooling effect, depending on the location. That’s why the next piece of physical evidence is key -
geologic records show the Franklin LIP sat at the equator where Earth receives more solar energy than the
amount of heat it radiates back out to space. According to the researchers’ model, if enough sulfur particles
reached high enough into the atmosphere at this equatorial location, it would block enough of the sun’s
incoming energy to trigger runaway cooling.
Based on the text, which additional finding, if true, would most likely help validate Macdonald and Wordsworth’s
hypothesis?

A) Several volcanic regions extending beyond the Franklin LIP were also found to be rich in sulfur.
B)

C)
.
The amount of sulfur emitted during volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP was less than the amount of
carbon dioxide emitted.
Volcanic eruptions in the Franklin LIP were powerful enough to propel sulfur particles to an altitude
where they could redirect solar energy.
D) Volcanic activity occurring in the Franklin LIP caused the breakup of Rodinia into several smaller
landmasses.

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mm
10

A study published in 2014 in the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services asked apparel merchandise buyers to
rate (from 1 to 4) the factors they take into account when making purchases. Perhaps unsurprisingly, a product’s

.
seasonal appropriateness received the highest average rating, at 3.39. Other factors that buyers gave the highest
ratings illustrate the wide range of expertise that Surveyke and others in the field must bring to their work. For
instance, understanding the target customer and

Which choice most effectively uses the data from the table to complete the text?
A) current fashion trends each received an average rating of 3.20.
B) The product brand image showed a wide split in priorities among buyers.
C) recognizing a brand’s position in the market received essentially the same ratings.
D) scouting competitors’ products were given ratings below 3.21.

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.
Comparing the population data collected using box traps with the camera traps, the researchers found that the
camera traps were able to provide information about more species of reptiles than the box traps did. The box
traps were able to capture just 3 species, all of which were snakes, and 7 total reptiles. In contrast, the camera
traps detected and 150 total reptiles. Although the camera traps were unable to detect some of the
snake species identified using the box traps, they were able to provide information on several lizard species that
researchers suspected were able to evade the box traps.

Which choice most effectively uses the data from the table to complete the text?
A) 144 species of lizards, 6 species of snakes,
B) 4 species of lizards, 6 species of snakes,
C) 6 species, including both snakes and lizards,
D) 27 lizards, 6 species of snakes,

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12
mm

.
Roboticist Masahio Mori speculated that likability plummets for robots in the 75 to 90 percent human
resemblance range Mori’s name for this proposed zone of decreased likability-the
uncanny valley-alludes to the eeriness and unfaminilarity evoked by these almost-but-not-quite-human robots.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

A) but that the drop occurs only if the robots are moving.
B) and that the drop is more pronounced for moving robots.
C) but that the change in likability is identical for moving and still robots.
D) and that still robots in this range are the least likable.

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13

A 2014 study found that 50 percent of those surveyed believed that businesses sometimes write negative reviews
about competitors, and a further 18 percent believed businesses did so often. The individuals surveyed also
thought that businesses write positive reviews of their own products or services, with 43 percent of respondents
saying this happens sometimes and 36 percent saying it happens often. And even when they did not suspect
direct interference from the businesses respondents 48 percent thought that individuals
sometimes write online reviews without purchasing the products or services, and 16 percent thought that this
occurs often. Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?

A) rarely considered whether reviews were honest:

B) had doubts about the validity of customer reviews:
C) did not purchase products or services with fraudulent reviews:
D) preferred products or services with higher numbers of reviews:

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Researchers have long warned of salinization, the increasing concentration of dissolved salts, in freshwater
ecosystems. Less attention, however, has been paid to the role of alkalinization, or rising pH, in the salinization
process. As observed in a 2018 study led by University of Maryland geology professor Sujay Kaushal,
alkalinization and salinization are crucially linked occurrences in North American fresh waterways. Given the
environmental threat of what Kaushal terms “freshwater salinization syndrome,” it is imperative that scientists

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) take a more holistic approach and account for alkalinization processes when studying waterway
salinization.
B) keep in mind that the syndrome is most prevalent in densely populated areas when studying waterway
salinization.
C) recognize symptoms of the syndrome, such as infrastructure corrosion and contaminant mobilization
when studying waterway salinization.

D) consider the research methods and technologies used when studying waterway salinization.

.
It would be helpful for Shira Suveyke to be able to foresee the future. As a retail merchandise buyer for online
fashion retailer the Outnet, Suveyke can only do her best to predict which pieces of clothing will appeal to
customers in order to decide which products will be sold on the company’s website. Suveyke must make key
purchasing decisions that balance both market and aesthetic ensure that the right items are in stock
when customers want them.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) considerations. To
B) considerations, to
C) considerations to
D) considerations; to

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2 nn
16

Scottish artist Katie Paterson creates conceptual art projects that invite viewers to consider their relationship to
nature, focusing on the immensity of space and time. For her piece Inside this desert lies the tiniest grain of sand,
she asked nanotechnology experts to fashion the world’s tiniest fragment of sand, which she then buried in the
vast wastelands of the Sahara. Her Fossil Necklace is a necklace of 170 fossils, each symbolizing a different
milestone in the development of life on Earth over billions of years. Paterson’s new work, Future Library, explores
the links between the natural world, time, and human activity in an exciting new the project involves
planting a small forest and, one hundred years later, turning it into a book.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) way:
B) way and
C) way,
D) way; as

British artist Tom Phillips never planned to read Traditional salinization tests that solely on

process, Phillips .
Mallock’s book; instead, he would “treat” it. In this
the book to a random page
then erase, cross out, paint over, or otherwise
sodium chloride, a salt often used to decide roads, are
inadequate in studying the increased salinity and pH of
freshwater systems. Sodium chloride does not make
manipulate the text so that the carefully selected water more alkaline, but other salts-such as those
remaining words would create a unique, poetic containing positive ions of calcium, potassium, and
message. In one of his earliest treatments, he folded magnesium-do. Such salts are released by numerous
the title page of Mallock’s novel, truncating “A Human processes, including mining, agriculture, and,
Document” to “A Humument.” counterintuitively, acid rain.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) would open A) focus

B) had opened B) were focusing
C) opens C) will focus
D) opened D) had been focused

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Together, alkalinization and salinization pose a double Classical economic theory is predicated on a bedrock
threat to the health of freshwater ecosystems and the assumption about human behavior: people make
animals that rely on them. Among many effects, economic decisions rationally and in their own
higher salinity can cause greater levels of phosphates self-interest. The law of supply and demand, for
to be leached into rivers and streams, fostering the example, which holds that as the supply of an item
growth of harmful algae and bacteria. Elevated pH, increases, its price decreases, assumes that each
meanwhile, can cause ammonium, a nutrient already shopper will strive to pay as little as possible for the
present in water, to convert into toxic ammonia gas, item. From the nineteenth century until quite recently,

resulting in decreased biodiversity. formed the basis of most

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to economic models.
the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) its the conventions of Standard English?

B) it’s A) there was this rational “economic man”; Homo

economicus
C) their
B) this rational “economic man,” Homo
D) they’re

.
economicus,
C) “economic man,” being the rational Homo
economicus,
D) Homo economicus was a rational “economic
man” and

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In 1970, _ proposed a hypothesis to Species throughout time have been shaped by

account for an emerging challenge in his field-namely, divergent evolution, in which a population becomes
that people react negatively to robots that closely more distinct from the rest of its species as it adapts to
resemble human beings. The problem, he argued, is a habitat. Biologists have long assumed that most
that a robot’s likability has a nonlinear relationship with organisms will initially struggle to survive when faced
the degree to which it resembles a human. That is, with an unfamiliar environment. a recent study
robots bearing little or no resemblance to humans by biologists Daniel Bolnick and William Stutz at the
elicit little response, and as robots resemble humans University of Texas at Austin shows how newcomers to
more closely, their likeability increases, with moving an ecosystem can thrive, allowing locally rare traits to
robots that completely resemble humans being the persist and keeping different populations within the
most likable. same species genetically closer together.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text with the most logical
the conventions of Standard English? transition?
A) roboticist, Masahiro Mori A) However,

B) roboticist Masahiro Mori, B) In addition,

C)
D)
roboticist Masahiro Mori
roboticist, Masahiro Mori, . C)
D)
Therefore,
Moreover,

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In a study published in the Journal of Comparative An individual who wants to purchase a new laptop
Psychology in 2018, Bräuer and Belger sought to learn computer can get reviews of the available models from
if dogs mentally represent what they smell. one of the many websites where customers post their
the scientists wondered whether dogs have own reviews. However, many consumers are concerned
expectations of what they search for or whether they about the trustworthiness of anonymous customer
simply follow a trail of positive stimuli. appraisals or are simply overwhelmed by the countless,
Which choice completes the text with the most logical often conflicting there is growing demand for the
transition? objective, reputable reviews provided by a professional

A) In other words, reviewing service. Those who enjoy trying new

B) Nevertheless, products and sharing their opinions may even consider

C) However, becoming professional reviewers who conduct

D) As a result, extensive product research and report on their

findings.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

. A)
B)
C)
reviews,
reviews; now that
reviews, so
D) reviews, therefore,

Although there are countless neutrinos in the universe emphasizes how numerous neutrinos are, actually
detecting them is a formidable task. Neutrinos carry no electrical charge, are practically weightless, and travel at
nearly the speed of light. Neutrinos are rarely affected by matter or electromagnetic fields. many
neutrinos have been travelling through space unimpeded for billions of years.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) For this purpose,
B) In contrast,
C) Besides,
D) In fact,

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Started in 1925, the Scripps National Spelling Bee is a US-based spelling competition.
● The words used in the competition have diverse linguistic origins.
● In 2008, Sameer Mishra won by correctly spelling the word “guerdon.”
● “Guerdon” derives from the Anglo-French word “guerdun.”
● In 2009, Kavya Shivashankar won by correctly spelling the word “Laodicean.”
● “Laodicean” derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”
The student wants to emphasize a difference in the origins of the two words. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) “Guerdon,” the final word of the 2008 Scripps National Spelling Bee, is of Anglo-French origin, while the
following year’s final word, “Laodicean,” derives from ancient Greek.
B) In 2008, Sameer Mishra won the Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling the word “guerdon”;
however, the following year, Kavya Shivashankar won based on spelling the word “Laodicean.”
C) Kavya Shivashankar won the 2009 Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling “Laodicean,” which
derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”
D)

.
The Scripps National Spelling Bee uses words from diverse linguistic origins, such as “guerdon” and
“Laodicean.”

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nn
27

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments they had found in the ruins of Cancun, a Chinese
farming village.

● The fragments were estimated to be 5,300 years old.

● A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that the cats had consumed large amounts of grain.
● The grain consumption is evidence that the Quan Ucun cats may have been domesticated.
The student wants to present the Quanhucun study and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) As part of a 2013 study of cat domestication, a chemical analysis was conducted on cat bone fragments
found in Quanhucun, China.
B) A 2013 analysis of cat bone fragments found in Quanhucun, China, suggests that cats there may have
been domesticated 5,300 years ago.

C) In 2013, archaeologists studied what cats in Quanhucun, China, had eaten more than 5,000 years ago.
D) Cat bone fragments estimated to be 5,300 years old were found in Quanhucun, China, in 2013.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to

any other module in the test.

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Digital SAT Tests

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

.
Conservation ecologists and biologists need effective methods of collecting information about animal
populations. Traditional methods for gathering these data include using box traps to capture
animals, but recent technological advances have made camera trapping-a data-collection method in which
remote cameras are triggered by animals’ presence or set to take pictures at regular intervals-a viable
alternative.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) humane
B) benevolent
C) civilized
D) kind

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Over the last few decades the number of institutions around the world offering entrepreneurship education
(EE) programs has grown to over three thousand. Research shows that many of these programs use the
standard lecture format to teach students how to successfully develop and manage new business but
modern scholars studying EE note that entrepreneurs learn best through hands-on experience. Therefore,
although there is a place in the EE curriculum for traditional instruction, the emphasis needs to be on
activities that allow students to practice real entrepreneurship, both inside and outside the classroom.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) ventures,
B) speculations,
C) missions,
D) exertions,

Superhero films-the best ones, at least-ruminate on As the story goes, it was 1948, and musicologist
Remo Giazotto was about to _______ a stack of

.
the nature of power and responsibility, and the mmmm

hero-versus-evil-counterpart formula is a means to unneeded documents from his research on Venetian

facilitate such contemplation. The striking composer Tomaso Albinoni when a stray scrap of

similarities between T’Challa and Killmonger paper fell to the floor. On the Paper, Giazotto

emphasize the profound differences in their claimed, was a fragment of notated music. Dating to

attitudes toward their powers. At the start of the the early 1700s and written by Albinoni himself ,

film, T’Challa believes that he must use his powers Anxious to bring this lost piece of music back to life,

to keep Wakanda safe from the turmoil of the Giazotto set to work on a creative reconstruction that

outside world; Killmonger, on the other hand, seeks he would eventually publish in 1958 under the title

to use his, along with Wakanda’s vast resources, to Adagio in G Minor for Strings and Organ on Two

centuries of injustice, even if that means Thematic Ideas and on a Figured Bass by Tomaso

subjugating the world in the process. Albinoni.

Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most

logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?

A) revise A) junk
B) tailor B) do away with

C) rectify C) banish

D) alter D) discard

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By sequencing and comparing the genomes of red The first bar code was composed of four white lines

siskins, red factor canaries, yellow canaries, and wild set at specific distances from each other on a black

green canaries, the team identified over 15,000 background. The first line was always present.

genetic variants that are associated with red color, Depending on the presence or absence of the

most of which are confined to two small stretches of remaining three lines, up to seven different

DNA. One of these regions contains a gene called arrangements were and, therefore, seven

CYP2/19, which is switched on in the birds’ skin and different encodings. Today, twenty-nine white lines

liver, and is a thousand times more active in the red make more than half a billion encodings possible.

canaries than the yellow ones. That’s an important Which choice completes the text with the most

clue. logical and precise word or phrase?

As used in the text, what does the phrase “confined A) susceptible

to” most nearly mean? B) responsible

A) resigned to C) possible

B) trapped in D) capable

C) restricted to
D)

.
captured by

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To create a barcode scanner, Woodland and Silver My roses are not your average hybrid-tea roses

adapted technology from an optical movie sound (those long-stemmed, special occasion roses with

system. Their prototype scanner used a 500-watt well-formed buds). Mine are antique roses, old or

bulb, a photomultiplier tube (a device that detects heirloom varieties that have existed in gardens

light), and an oscilloscope (a device that translates worldwide for centuries. Compared to vibrant

electronic signals into readable information). hybrid-tea colors, antique rose colors tend to be

Although successful, the was both large and . Their stems are also shorter, and their buds

costly. As a result, progress stalled until the 1970s, are a bit droopier. Their fragrance, however, is

when laser technology (both more compact and less unmatched. And unlike the hybrid-tea whose long

expensive) became available. stems make for a rosebush that is rather scraggly

Which choice completes the text with the most looking, antique rose bushes are lush and shapely,

logical and precise word or phrase? handsomely landscaping gardens.

A) concoction Which choice completes the text with the most

B) contraption logical and precise word or phrase?

C) substance A) silenced

.
D) stuff B) reduced
C) muted
D) Lower

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My last Duchess is a 1842 poem by Robert My Heart’s in the Highlands is a 1789 song and a

Browning. This poem is loosely based on historical poem by Robert Burns. In the poem, the poet or the

events involving Alfonso, the Duke of Ferrara, who narrator longs for the Highlands:

lived in the 16th century. The Duke is the speaker of Which quotation from the poem most effectively

the poem, and he sees himself as reasonable: illustrates the claim?

Which quotation from the poem most effectively A) “Farewell to the Highlands, farewell to the

illustrates the claim? North”

A) “-E’en then would be some stooping: and I B) “The hills of the Highlands forever I love”
choose/Never to stoop. Oh sir, , she smiled, C) “Farewell to the mountains high cover’d with
no doubt,/Whene’er I passed her, but who snow”
passed without/ Much the same smile?” D) “My heart’s in the Highlands, wherever I go”
B) “...I repeat/ The Count your master’s known
munificence/ Is ample warrant that no one
just pretense/ Of mine for dowry will be

disallowed;”

.
C) “...She thanked men—good! but thanked/
Somehow—I know not how—as if she
ranked/My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old
name/With anybody’s gift.”
D) “A heart—how shall I say?—too soon made
glad,/Too easily impressed; she liked
whate’er/She looked on, and her looks went
everywhere./Sir, ‘twas all one!”

23
Digital SAT Tests

This text is adapted from the memoir The Piano Shop on the Left Bank by Thad Carhart (©2001 by T.E.
Carhart).
His attitude about how people treated their pianos seemed to mirror his philosophy of life. While regretting
the depredations worked by children on keyboards and strings, he regarded them as tolerable because the
piano was at least used and, as he put it, “au sein de la famille” (“at the heart of the family”). It was more
than just any piece of furniture, but it was that, too, and if drinks were spilled and stains bit into shiny
finishes, it was the price one paid for initiating the young to a joy that should stem from familiarity rather
than reverence.

According to the text, what is true about Luc’s philosophy of life?

A) It’s better to live a full and imperfect life than not participate because something might go wrong.
B) Life is a fragile gift that must be cherished and kept safe at all times.
C) Living well is like playing the piano well; it requires dedication and practice.
D) It’s important not to take life’s opportunities for granted because they may not come a second time.

24
Digital SAT Tests

When Shelly Palmer-the CEO of a technology and

Doug Chiang had a problem with his spaceship.
marketing company-returned home from a
Designed for the 2016 film Rogue One, the vehicle
meeting, he found that a family member had
sketched out by Chiang and his team of concept
cleaned and organized his notoriously messy desk.
artists-professionals who help filmmakers and video
Palmer quickly realized that he could not find the
game producers translate ideas from page to
materials he needed and that the space was poorly
suited to the way he was used to working. Such screen-looked a little too out of this world. In any

imposition of order onto a worker’s desk occurs on a other film, perhaps the futuristic design would have

larger scale in many traditional offices, where sufficed, but Chiang wasn’t working on just any film.

employers implement “clean desk policies” based on He was working on the latest installment of Star

Wars, a franchise of science-fantasy films whose

the notion that having too many items on and
around one’s desk can be distracting, hampering an
Which choice most logically completes the text?
employee’s performance.
A) merchandise includes toy versions of the
Which choice most logically completes the text?
spaceship Millennium Falcon.
A) As it turns out, the state of an employee’s

.
B) characters frequently travel from planet to
desk can reflect a number of things about
planet in spaceships.
an employee’s personality.
C) themes are drawn from fairy tales and
B) As experts confirm, employees can work
myths.
more efficiently by organizing their
D) Visual aesthetics draws more heavily on the
materials according to how frequently they
past than on the future.
use them.
C) Some companies have gone to the extreme
of distributing detailed handbooks
explaining what employees should and
should not keep at their desks.
D) Researchers have been challenging that
idea, however-and employers would be
wise to listen.

25
 Digital SAT Tests

Patsy Takemoto Mink was born to Japanese

Dogs have long been famous for their powerful
American parents in Hawaii in 1927 and came of age
noses. For millennia, humans across many hunting
during World War II, a time when the United States
cultures have employed dogs as trackers, marveling
placed thousands of Japanese Americans into
at their keen sense of smell. Today, scientific
internment camps. During the war, no Japanese
research has only confirmed the common
Americans served in the legislature of Hawaii, then a
knowledge that the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)
US territory. However, in 1952, fewer than a decade
is endowed with olfactory capabilities more acute
after the war, seventeen Japanese American men
than the average human’s-up to 100,000 times
were elected to Hawaii’s House of Representatives.
more, in fact. In a 2005 study led by behavioral
Despite this greater political representation for Asian
psychologists in Northern Ireland, dogs proved they
Americans, Mink faced discrimination throughout
just needed five footsteps to determine by smell
her educational and professional life. She became a
which direction a person had walked on a given trail.
lawyer in 1953, but firms would not hire her because
When
mmm there may be little dispute regarding dogs’
Whereas
of her gender and interracial marriage. Her
impressive abilities to track scents,
Which choice most logically completes the text? determination to fight such prejudice
A) how dogs themselves perceive odors .
remains a tantalizing topic of inquiry. Which choice most logically completes the text?
B) why dogs eat what they eat may be A) had taken shape during her early childhood
explained by the fact that dogs have in a small sugar-plantation community.
considerably fewer taste buds than humans B) ultimately led her to become the first Asian
do. American woman elected to the US
C) dogs are among a small group of animals Congress.
that exhibit voluntary unselfish kindness C) was evident in her public speeches, which
toward others. were widely praised over the course of her
D) studies show dogs may even track scents in career.
their dreams. D) inspired countless people, many of whom
are advocates for social justice today.

26
Digital SAT Tests

In a 2013 study, Katherine Milkman and two As the story goes, it was 1948, and musicologist
co-authors examined what they call “temptation Remo Giazotto was about to discard a stack of
a so-called “want experience” (in this case, unneeded documents from his research on

listening to a favorite audiobook) with a so-called when a stray scrap of paper fell to the
“should behavior” (exercising at a gym). Milkman floor. On the Paper, Giazotto claimed, was a fragment
found that participants who limited their audiobook of notated music dating to the early 1700s and
listening to time spent at the gym worked out 51 written by Albinoni himself Anxious to bring this lost
percent more frequently than the control piece of music back to life, Giazotto set to work on a
participants, and 61 percent of those in the creative reconstruction that he would eventually
experimental group even purchased gym-only publish in 1958 under the title Adagio in G Minor for
access to audiobooks. Strings and Organs on Two Thematic Ideas and on a
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Figured Bass by Tomaso Albinoni.
to the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

A) bundling”: tying to the conventions of Standard English?

B) bundling” tying: A) Venetian composer, Tomaso Albinoni

C)
D) .
bundling,” tying;
bundling”; tying
B)
C)
D)
Venetian composer Tomaso Albinoni
Venetian composer Tomaso Albinoni,
Venetian composer: Tomaso Albinoni,

27
Digital SAT Tests

The mood Giazotto set for Alhinnni’s fragment is One reviewer of the 2017 film Justice League invoked
somber and pierced with yearning. The Adagio the hypothesis to criticize the mustache
begins with the double bass (the Lowest of the under a clean-shaven computer-generated imagery
stringed instruments) marking a brooding, (CGI) mouth, writing that the actor had “an
dirge-like rhythm, while the pipe organ a gentle uncanny-valley thesis statement resting on his top
introduction tune above it. When the rest of the lip.” Even though the idea of the uncanny valley has
ensemble-violins, volas, and cellos-joins in, the become a convenient shorthand for describing
melody cascades in an emotionally evocative torrent off-putting CGI, critics who casually employ the
of sound. concept should remember that roboticist Masahiro
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Mori’s original graph does not represent actual data
to the conventions of Standard English? collected in a scientific study.

A) play Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

B) are playing to the conventions of Standard English?
C) plays A) filmmakers’ decision to hide an actor’s

D) have played B) filmmakers’ decision to hide an actors’

. C)
D)
filmmakers’ decision to hide an actors
filmmakers decision to hide an actor’s

28
Digital SAT Tests

In 1948, graduate took on a problem In the ninety-year history of the Santa Fe Indian
that had troubled retailers for years: how to keep 2011 event marked the first
track of store inventories. Inspired by the dots and time a basket won best of show. The creator of the
dashes of Morse code, Woodland and Silver created piece, thirty-three-year-old Passamaquoddy Indian
a system of lines that could encode data. Called a Jeremy Frey from Princeton, Maine, looked on as the
symbology, the pattern created by the spacing and basket sold at auction for $16,000. Frey describes his
widths of the lines encodes information by baskets as “cutting-edge traditional.”
representing different characters. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
to the conventions of Standard English? A) Market-the largest Indian art festival in the
A) students, Norman Woodland and Bernard nation-
Silver, B) Market the largest Indian art festival - in the

B) students, Norman Woodland and Bernard nation -

Silver C) Market, the largest Indian art festival in the

C) students Norman Woodland and Bernard nation

D)
Silver
students Norman Woodland and Bernard
Silver,
. D) Market, the largest Indian art festival in the
nation

29
Digital SAT Tests

Nine hundred years ordered the design The high drama of the Adagio proved to be popular,
and construction of a clock more accurate than any especially in the film industry. The piece has provided
other. This would be no simple timepiece. Because the musical backdrop to dozens of films, from
Chinese dynasties adhered to astrology, they relied Flashdance (1983) to Manchester by the Sea (2016).

on complicated clocks that not only kept time but it has saturated the soundtracks of so many
also helped track stars, planets, the sun, and the movies that New Yorker film critic Anthony Lane
moon. An eminent scientist and bureaucrat named jessted that the work should be banned on-screen
Sue Song led Zhezong’s ambitious project. altogether. While its use in films may border on
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms ciché, the Adagio has become the most well-known
to the conventions of Standard English? piece of music associated with Albinoni.

A) ago, Emperor Zhezong of China, Which choice completes the text with the most
B) ago, Emperor Zhezong, of China logical transition?
C) ago, Emperor Zhezong of China A) In fact,
D) ago Emperor Zhezong of China, B) Even so,
C) In addition,

.
D) All the while,

30
Digital SAT Tests

Musicologist Carolyn Gianturco revealed in 1982 In Dubai, Escrogima worked as an Arabic-language

that other scholarship of Giazotto’s is spokesperson, often appearing on local and
suspect-littered with falsified sources and pan-Arab television as a representative of the US
misleading claims. While Giazotto had long government. Her next postings took her back to

maintained that the Adagio was an inspired tribute, to Washington, DC, as advisor to
he finally admitted that he was indeed its only Undersecretary for Political Affairs Wendy Sherman
author. Adagio in G Minor is now attributed on issues related to Iran and the Middle East, and
solely to Giazotto. With decades of mislabeled then home to New York, where she was appointed
recordings perpetuating the error, however, the Diplomat in Residence at City College of New York.
fiction of Giazotto’s great discovery lives On. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Which choice completes the text with the most to the conventions of Standard English?
logical transition? A) US; first
A) In contrast, B) US: first
B) Nevertheless, C) US first,

C) Furthermore, D) US first
D) Consequently,

31
Digital SAT Tests

Su Song created a spectacular timepiece housed While researching a topic, a student has taken the
within an ornate forty-foot-tall tower. At the tower’s following notes:
top sat an armillary sphere - a nest of metal rings ● Ancient Native American and Australian
representing celestial reference points such as the Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades
horizon and the sun’s path - that rotated in sync star cluster as having seven stars.
with the earth, enabling precise astronomical ● It was referred to as the Seven Sisters in the
observations. Inside the tower, a sphere depicting mythology of ancient Greece.
the sky revolved to display the stars that were ● Today, the cluster appears to have only six
overhead. below the star sphere, the tower’s stars.
open sides exposed a detailed model of a five-story ● Two of the stars have moved so close
pagoda. Automated figurines would appear in the together that they now appear as one.
pagoda’s doorways and ring bells, they announced The student wants to specify the reason the Pleiades’
hours, sunsets, seasons, and other chronological appearance changed. Which choice most effectively
events. uses relevant information from the notes to

Which choice completes the text with the most accomplish this goal?
logical transition?

.
A) Ancient Native American and Australian
A) Besides, Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades,
B) Sooner or later, which was referred to in Greek mythology as
C) Lastly, the Seven Sisters, as having seven stars.
D) Thus, B) Although once referred to as the Seven
Sisters, the Pleiades appears to have only six
stars today.
C) In the time since ancient cultures described
the Pleiades as having seven stars, two of
the cluster’s stars have moved so close
together that they now appear as one.
D) The Pleiades has seven stars, but two are so
close together that they appear to be a
single star.

32
Digital SAT Tests

Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

33
Digital SAT Tests

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

34
 Digital SAT Tests

In January 2010, there were 127.8 million jobs in the

United States. The number of US jobs increased
approximately 0.2 million per month for the next 60
months. Which equation represents this situation,
where 𝑗 is the number of US jobs, in millions, and 𝑡 is
the time, in months, since January 2010?

A) 𝑗 = 127. 8𝑡 + 0. 2
B) 𝑗 = 0. 2𝑡 + 127. 8

The line shown represents the number of gallons of C) 𝑗 = 12𝑡 + 127. 8

water in a tank as a function of the number of minutes D) 𝑗 = 127. 8𝑡 + 12

a pump has been running to empty the water from the

tank. How many gallons of water were in the tank
when the pump started running?
A) 0

B) 50

.
3
C) 60
D) 1,000

35
 Digital SAT Tests

The graph shows the speed of an object over a period

The shaded region shown represents all of the
of time. Which is closest to the time, in seconds, it took
solutions for which of the following inequalities?
for the object’s speed to change from 4 meters per
A) 𝑥+𝑦 ≥1
second to 8 meters per second?
B) 𝑥+𝑦 ≤1
A) 1
C)

.
𝑥−𝑦 ≥1
B) 4
D) 𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 1
C) 6
D) 15

Which of the following linear equations has infinitely What is the solution to the equation
many solutions? 6(𝑥 + 3) − 5 = 37?
A) 2(4𝑥 + 3) = 6
B) 2(4𝑥 + 3) = 8𝑥
C) 2(4𝑥 + 3) = 8𝑥 − 6
D) 2(4𝑥 + 3) = 8𝑥 + 6

36
 Digital SAT Tests

3 9𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 18
𝑥
𝑐
6𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12
The given expression is equivalent to 𝑥 , where 𝑐 is a
6
The solution to the given system of equations is (𝑥, 𝑦).
constant. What is the value of 𝑐?
What is the value of 𝑥?
A) 9
B) 7
C) 5
D) 4

Which of the following is an equation of a line in the 𝑥𝑦

-plane that has a slope of 3 and a 𝑦-intercept of − 2?
A) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 =− 2
B) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
C) 𝑥 + 3𝑦 =− 2

.
D) 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 2
In the figure, four lines intersect as shown. Which of
the following additional pieces of information is
sufficient to prove that angle 𝑆𝑊𝑅 is congruent to
angle 𝑇𝑉𝑅?

A) Angle 𝑉𝑇𝑅 is congruent to angle 𝑇𝑆𝑊.

B) Angle 𝑉𝑇𝑅 is congruent to angle 𝑊𝑆𝑅.
C) Angle 𝑇𝑅𝑉 is congruent to angle 𝑆𝑅𝑊.
D) Angle 𝑇𝑆𝑊 is congruent to angle 𝑊𝑆𝑅.

37
 Digital SAT Tests

𝑥
What is the graph of the equation 𝑦 = 30( 1 ) ?
3

A) B)

.
C)
D)

38
 Digital SAT Tests

The graph of a certain parabola in the 𝑥𝑦-plane

intersects the 𝑦-axis once and the 𝑥-axis twice. Which of
the following forms of the parabola’s equation gives
the 𝑦-value of the 𝑦-intercept as a constant?

A) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 3)(5𝑥 + 7)
B) 𝑦 = 10(𝑥 − 3 )(𝑥 + 7 )
2 5

C) 𝑦 = 10𝑥 − 𝑥 − 21
2

2
D) 𝑦 = 10(𝑥 − 1 )
20 −
841
40

The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is shown. What is the value of

𝑓(0)?
A) -6
B) 0
C) 3

D) 𝑓(0) is undefined.

The graph of a quadratic equation is shown. The

system consisting of this equation and the equation
𝑦 = 𝑘, where 𝑘 is a constant, has two real solutions.
Which of the following could be the value of 𝑘?
What is the equation of the graph shown?
A) 0 A) − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 3
B) 1 B) − 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 =− 18
C) 2 C) 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 12
D) 3 D) 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 9

39
 Digital SAT Tests

2
2𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 3 = 0 If 𝑥 = π
3
radians, what is the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥?
The solutions to the equation above can be expressed A) 23
2

in the form
6± 𝑛
, where 𝑛 is a positive integer. What is B) 2
4 C) 1
2
D)
1
the value of 𝑛? 3

2 3 4 5 6
|2𝑥 + 7| = 51 (1 − 𝑥)(1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 )
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation? The given expression is equivalent to 1 − 𝑥 , where 𝑛 is
𝑛

A) -22 a constant. What is the value of 𝑛?

B) -7
C) 7
D) 22

A rectangular prism has edge lengths of 6 inches, 10

.
2
If (𝑥 − 2) = 16 , what is one possible value of 𝑥 + 2?
inches, and 8 inches. What is the surface area, in
square inches, of the prism?

A car dealership has only sedans, SUVs, and minivans for sale. On Monday, 20% of the vehicles for sale were
sedans and 50% were SUVs. If there were 16 sedans for sale at the dealership on Monday, how many minivans
were for sale?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

40
Digital SAT Tests

Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

41
Digital SAT Tests

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

42
 Digital SAT Tests

The US Bureau of Engraving and Printing produces 36 In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, the graph of the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥+9
𝑥+5

million notes (paper currency) every 24 hours. At what intersects the 𝑦-axis at (0, 𝑐). What is the value of 𝑐?

rate are the notes produced, in millions of notes per

hour?

A) 1.0
B) 1.5
C) 2.0
D) 2.5

The initial mass of sodium-24 in a sample is 10 grams. The Appalachian Trail is approximately 2,200 miles long
The mass of sodium-24 in the sample decreases by half and connects Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount
every 15 hours. Which of the following equations Katahdin in Maine. A hiker starts walking the trail at
represents the mass 𝑦, in grams, of sodium-24 in the Springer Mountain and continues in the same direction

.
sample after 𝑥 hours? at a constant speed of 10 miles per day. The equation

10𝑥 = 2, 200 represents this situation. What does the

𝑥
A) 𝑦 = ( 1 )
15

2
𝑥

B) 𝑦 = (10) 15 solution to the equation represent in this context?

A) The number of days the hiker takes to walk the

𝑥
C)
15
𝑦 = 10( 1 )
2
entire trail
𝑥

D) 𝑦 = 15( 12 ) 15
B) The number of days the hiker takes to walk 10
miles

C) The distance, in miles, the hiker walks in 1 day

D) The distance, in miles, the hiker walks in 10
days

43
 Digital SAT Tests

A student added potassium iodide solution to lead

nitrate solution and recorded the mass of lead iodide
produced. The student performed the experiment for
each of five concentrations of potassium iodide. The
results are shown in the table.

The points on the scatterplot show the Index of

Consumer Sentiment values for US consumers each
year from 2008 to 2016. A line of best fit for the data is
also shown. For 2015, which of the following is closest
to the difference between the actual Index of
Which of the following types of functions best models
Consumer Sentiment value and the value predicted by
the lead iodide mass, in grams, as a function of the
the line of best fit?
potassium iodide concentration, in moles per liter, for

.
A) 4.6 this experiment?
B) 2.1
A) Increasing linear
C) 1.0
B) Decreasing linear
D) 0.2
C) Increasing exponential
D) Decreasing exponential

The table shows the score range and the number of

players in each score range for 437 players of a
computer game. If the scores in the computer game
are only integer values, what is one possible median
score for the 437 players?

44
 Digital SAT Tests

The scatterplot shows the relationship between two

variables, 𝑥 and 𝑦. A line of best fit is also shown.

In the figure shown, 𝐵𝐷 is parallel to 𝐴𝐸. What is the

length of 𝐴𝐸?

A) 6
B) 13
Which is an equation of the line of best fit?
C) 16
A) 𝑦 = 1. 16 − 4. 22𝑥
D) 27
B) 𝑦 = 1. 16 + 4. 22𝑥
C)

.
𝑦 = 4. 22 − 1. 16𝑥
D) 𝑦 = 4. 22 + 1. 16𝑥

For a linear function 𝑓, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑦 If 4(𝑝 − 3) = 18 − 2(𝑝 − 3), what is the value of
-plane passes through the points (4, 22) and (7, 37). 𝑝 − 3?
which equation defines 𝑓?

A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 2
B) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 22
C) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 5𝑥 + 42
D) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 5𝑥 − 2

45
 Digital SAT Tests

A psychologist studied how employees at a large

company prefer to work. The psychologist surveyed 3
groups of employees. The results are summarized in
the table.

The table summarizes the number of universities and

colleges in the state of Iowa by type and enrollment. If
a university or college with enrollment greater than
If a surveyed employee who prefers to work on a team
10,000 is selected at random, what is the probability it
is chosen at random, what is the probability of
is a public university or college? (Express your answer
selecting an employee from group A or group B?
A) 0.20 as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

.
B) 0.25
C) 0.30
D) 0.75

𝑚 8𝑚
The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑤(𝑥) is shown in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. If = , what is the value of 𝑥?
𝑛 𝑥𝑛
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

If 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are positive constants, which of the

following could define the function 𝑤?
2
A) 𝑤(𝑥) =− 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑏) − 𝑐
2
B) 𝑤(𝑥) =− 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑏) − 𝑐
2
C) 𝑤(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑏) − 𝑐
2
D) 𝑤(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑏) − 𝑐

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 Digital SAT Tests

For positive values of 𝑥 and 𝑛, 𝑥 is 𝑛% of 20. Which 4𝑦 − 8𝑥 = 36

expression represents 𝑛 in terms of 𝑥? 𝑦 − 2𝑥 = 18
How many solutions does the given system of
A) 100( 80
𝑥 )
equations have?
B) 100( 80
𝑥 )

C) 100( 20 ) A) Zero
𝑥
B) Exactly one
D) 100( 𝑥 )
20
C) Exactly two
D) Infinitely many

In the equation 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 20, 𝑐 and 𝑑 are negative constants. Which of the following could be the graph of the
equation in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

.
A) B)

C) D)

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 Digital SAT Tests

The diameter of circle A is 6 times the diameter of circle

B. The circumference of circle A is how many times the
circumference of circle B?

A) 3
B) 6

Which statement best compares the means of the two C) 12

data sets shown? D) 36

A) The mean of data set A is greater than the

mean of data set B.
B) The mean of data set A is equal to the mean of
data set B.
C) The mean of data set A is less than the mean
of data set B.
D) There is not enough information to compare

.
the means.

Data set X: 1, 2, 3, 10, 17, 18, 19

Data set Y: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
The means of data sets X and Y above are both 10. Which of the following is true about the comparison of the
standard deviations of the two data sets?

A) The standard deviation of data set X is less than the standard deviation of data set Y.
B) The standard deviation of data set X is greater than the standard deviation of data set Y.
C) The standard deviations of the two data sets are equal.
D) There is not enough information to compare the standard deviations of the two data sets.

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 Digital SAT Tests

The amount of heat 𝑄(𝑡), in calories, required to raise the temperature of 20 grams of snow by 𝑡 degrees Celsius
(℃) is defined by a linear function 𝑄. If 𝑄(0) = 0 and 𝑄(3) = 30, how many calories of heat are required to
required to raise the temperature of the snow from − 10℃ to − 4℃?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 40
D) 60

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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Digital SAT Tests

PRACTICE
T, E ST 2

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 Digital SAT Tests

Practice Test 2

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

For apparel makers, slow fashion promises not

only to help the environment but also to meet Not only does Körner ‘s research reve al the central role
customer demand. In a 2015 survey of purchasing of mycorrhizal fungi in tree-to-tree exchanges, but as
drivers for global customers, 57 percent of all scientist Suzanne Simard of the University of British
respondents indicated that they favored products Columbia notes, the findings also a paradigmatic

shift in how we think of “plant communities, driven not

made from natural materials, and 45 percent indicated only by competition, but also [by] cooperation.” By
a preference for products made by an environmentally sharing resources, plants can thrive in conditions that
friendly company. they could not tolerate alone.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical
and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase?

A) gathering A) enliven
B) comprehending B) deepen
C) embracing C) underscore
D) enfolding D) enlarge

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 Digital SAT Tests

This text is adapted from Herman Melville, Moby-Dick.

Ⓒ1988 by Northwestern University Press and The Early in their national awakening, about 140 years ago,
Newberry Library. Originally published in 1851, Captain Estonians established a history of mass song festivals,
Ahab and his first mate Starbuck, second mate Stubb,
and third mate Flask go down into the captain’s held when money and politics allowed—celebrations
quarters of their ship, the Pequod, for dinner.
that would kindle and fortify the courage to express
For Flask to have presumed to help himself, this must
their love of language and nation, and their reluctance
have seemed to him tantamount to larceny in the first
degree. Had he helped himself at that table, doubtless, to be absorbed by anyone. The festivals were a

never more would he have been able to hold his head nationwide phenomenon, as were similar festivals held

up in this honest world; nevertheless, strange to say, in Latvia and Lithuania. In Tallinn the massive modern

Ahab never forbade him. And had Flask helped himself, song stage held some 30,000 singers and the outdoor
the chances were Ahab had never so much as noticed amphitheater could accommodate as many as 300,000.
it. Least of all, did Flask presume to help himself to Often, 30 percent of all Estonians would be there—at a
butter. Whether he thought the owners of the ship single concert. During the Soviet years the festivals
denied it to him, on account of its clotting his clear, were forced to pay tribute to Communist icons and the
sunny complexion; or whether he deemed that, on so
solidarity of the Soviet peoples.
Which choice best describes the function of the third

AMERI
long a voyage in suc h marketless waters, butter was at sentence in the text as a whole?
a premium, and therefore was not for him, a subaltern;
A) Provide a sense of how large the amphitheater
however it was, Flask, alas! was a butterless man!
is.
Which choice best describes the function of the
B) Indicate the popularity of the tributes to Stalin
underlined portion in the text as a whole?
and Lenin.
A) Underline the terror that Flask feels when
C) Compare the size to that of similar stages in
joining Ahab for dinner.
Latvia and Lithuania.
B) Highlight the tragic nature of Flask’s continued
D) Illustrate the wide appeal of the mass song
mistreatment at the hands of the other
festivals in Estonia.
officers.
C) Emphasize the discrepancy between the trivial
nature of Flask’s deprivation and the intensity
with which he feels it.
D) Point out Flask’s desire to maintain the habits
of a sailor despite his recent promotion to
officer.

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 Digital SAT Tests

This text is adapted from Edward O. Wilson, The

Text 1
Meaning of Human Existence. Ⓒ2014 by Edward O.
Did you ever think what those sleepers are that Wilson.

underlie the railroad? Each one is a man, an Irishman,

or a Yankee man. The rails are laid on them, and they As a student of biodiversity and, perhaps more

are covered with sand, and the cars run smoothly over importantly, at heart a congenital optimist, I believe I

them. They are sound sleepers, I assure you. And every can add credibility to the search for extrasolar life from

few years a new lot is laid down and run over; so that, if the history of Earth itself. Life arose here quickly when

some have the pleasure of riding on a rail, others have conditions became favorable. Our planet was born

the misfortune to be ridden upon. And when they run about 4.54 billion years ago. Microbes appeared soon

over a man that is walking in his sleep, a after the surface became even marginally habitable,

supernumerary sleeper in the wrong position, and within one hundred million to two hundred million

wake him up, they suddenly stop the cars, and make a years. The interval between habitable and inhabited

hue and cry about it, as if this were an exception… may seem an eternity to the human mind, but it is

Text 2 scarcely a night and a day in the history of the Milky

I refer with effusion to our railway system, which Way galaxy as a whole.
The author’s argument in the text most clearly relies on

.
consents to let us live, though it might do the opposite,
being our owners. It only destroyed three thousand which assumption?

and seventy lives last year by collisions, and A) If life can arise quickly, it is likely to have arisen

twenty-seven thousand two hundred and sixty by elsewhere in the galaxy.

running over heedless and unnecessary people at B) The older the planet, the more likely it is that

crossings. The companies seriously regretted the killing life has arisen on that planet.

of these thirty thousand people… C) It is unlikely that any alien life that has arisen

Both Text 1 and Text 2 call attention to which drawback outside our solar system will resemble life on

of railroads? Earth.

A) The public protests that accompany the D) Organisms living in Earth’s earliest habitable

construction of railroads conditions could also survive in Earth’s current

B) The poverty of the people who build the conditions.

railroads
C) The corruption of the courts that protect the
railroads
D) The collisions and fatalities associated with
railroads

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 Digital SAT Tests

This text is adapted from Ralph Waldo Emeerson, “To This text is adapted from the article “Notes from a
Martin Van Buren, President of the United States.” Wedding” by Lauren Wilcox Puchowski ( Ⓒ2010 by
Originally published in 1838. Emerson discusses the Lauren Wilcox Puchowski).
federal government’s policy in the 1830s of compelling While he was not a virtuoso, he was, he discovered,
the Cherokee tribe to relinquish its homeland in the
southeastern United States in exchange for territory good at making money at it. He learned three songs -
west of the Mississippi River.
“Satisfaction” by the Rolling Stones, “And I Love Her” by
We have looked into newspapers of different parties,
the Beatles, and “Shotgun” by Junior Walker and the All
and find a horrid confirmation of the tale. We are slow
Stars - and formed a band. “We went out and sold it,”
to believe it. We hoped the Indians were misinformed,
he says. “We could play those three songs all night. We
and their remonstrance was premature…. The piety,
got pretty popular out on the island, playing battle of
the principle, that is left in these United States-if only
the bands, fire halls, high school proms, for $10 a
its coarsest form, a regard to the speech of men-forbid
night.”
us to entertain it as a fact. Such a dereliction of all faith
What is the main idea of the text?
and virtue, such a denial of justice…were never heard
A) Holmes was better at playing music than he
of in times of peace, and in the dealing of a nation with
was at promoting his band.
its own allies and wards, since the earth was made.
B) Holmes’s band was able to earn money despite
Sir,does the Government think that the People of the
having a limited repertoire.

.
United States are becoming…mad? From their minds
C) Holmes’s band became a national
are sentiments of love and of a good nature wiped
phenomenon despite the band members’ lack
clean out? The soul of man, the justice, the mercy, that
of musical talent.
is the heart’s heart in all men, from Maine to Georgia,
D) Holmes would have had more success early on
does abhor this business. Based on the text, which
if he had taken the time to learn more songs.
choice best describes Emerson’s assessment of the
removal of the Cherokees?
A) Citizens throughout the nation are opposed to
the forcible relocation of the tribe.
B) The government is split across party lines on
the issue of relocating the tribe.
C) The treaty requiring the Cherokee’s relocation
violates previous treaties between the United
States and the tribe.
D) The public outcry against relocating the
Cherokees effectively invalidates the United
States’ treaty with the tribe.

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 Digital SAT Tests

Each year, scientists publish roughly 17,000 detailed descriptions of newly discovered animals. Recently, in the
journal Breviora, researchers described yet another, a new species of lizard called Aspidoscelis neavesi. At first
glance, this seems to be a run-of-the-mill lizard: a small, slender creature with spots along its back and a bluish
tail. In fact, Aspidoscelis neavesi is quite exceptional. The lizard was produced in the laboratory by mating two
other species, and its creation defies conventional ideas about how new species evolve.

Which of the following, if true, would most likely weaken the author’s argument?
A) Scientists don’t always consider animal breeds created in labs to be new species.
mmmm
B) Evolution is a complex process that can’t be manipulated by humans.
C) mmmmmmmmm
The two animals used in the process are not considered different species by some scientists.
D) Researchers have proven that all lizards have the ability to clone themselves, but they only clone in
mmmmmmmmm
mmmmmmmmm
captivity.

55
 Digital SAT Tests

10

While drought and economic depression were no doubt additional factors, historian Donal Worster argues that
early twentieth-century innovations in farming tools and land-use practices exacerbated the problem of wind
erosion and thus dust storms. By 1930, newly introduced tractors and combines allowed farmers to harvest a
record five hundred acres of wheat in two weeks, a development that led to millions of acres of grassy plains
being turned into grain fields. Without rain and without grass roots to keep the soil in place, hundreds of millions
of tons of topsoil turned to dust and were swept away by the wind. Dust storms were by no means unheard of in

.
the semiarid Great Plains. Dodge City, Kansas, for example, experienced around 20 dust storms per year in 1926
and 1927, but the number that occurred in the 1930s was unprecedented. At the peak of the Dust Bowl in 1937,
the city suffered over 120 dust storms. More years of severe wind erosion followed, and the number of annual
dust storms would until 1941.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?
A) continue to increase
B) not return to single digits
C) remain in the triple digits
D) not noticeably decrease

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 Digital SAT Tests

11

In the long history of bat research, scientists have never seen the like of these tiger moths. Although human
methods of warfare have used sonic deception for as long as such warfare has existed, the tiger moth and its

.
sonar jamming provided one of the first instances of aural camouflage in the animal kingdom that scientists have
discovered. It seems that no matter how ancient the conflict, bats and tiger moths continue to attack,
counterattack, and adapt in a war as old as time. One species, the tiger moth Bertholdia trigona, has done even
better. This species emits a high-frequency clicking noise that throws off the bat’s sonar altogether. While no one
is certain exactly how these clicks camouflage the B. trigona, the clicks have been remarkably successful in
defending the moths from bat attacks. Some suggest that the clicks force bats to misinterpret their sensory data,
taking the moth clicks for their own echoes. As a result, bats

Which choice most effectively uses data from the diagram to complete the text?
A) miss their prey at the moment of attempted capture, and the tiger moths flit away unharmed.
B) attack other animals they find easier to detect, and the tiger moths flit away unharmed.
C) fly after one another, bonking their heads together, and the tiger moths flit away unharmed.
D) hear no sounds at all, and the tiger moths flit away unharmed.

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 Digital SAT Tests

.
There are nearly 4,000 park rangers in service with the
NPS today. That number is poised to grow, as visitation
Although many believe that society is moving away
numbers are on the rise. The
from the spoken word altogether, a new trend shows
numbers continue to be high, with over 270 million
that such a belief may be false. It’s true that most
visitors in 2013. It seems that as economic conditions
younger people write to one another (via Twitter,
in the country as uncertain, more and more people
Facebook, or text) more than they speak to one
turn to parks for economical, educational, and
another (who uses a phone to talk anymore?), but the
enlightening alternatives to the more costly tourist
spoken word is as important as ever. This importance is
activities and trips. Now, too, that climate science has
nowhere clearer than in the rise of speech-language
stated difficult times, the NPS is seen to be protecting
pathologists (SLPs). The Bureau of Labor Statistics
the last vestiges of our green world before it slips
projects that the SLP profession will grow by 19%
away.
between 2012 and 2022. Alongside this growth, the
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph
nature of the profession is changing as well: while
to complete the text?
there has been a notable rise in
A) Although park visitation numbers peaked in
recent years in private-practice SLPs.
1987, the general trend has been a steady rise.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph
B) Park visitation peaked in the mid-1980s and
to complete the text?
has tapered off since then.
A) SLPs overwhelmingly work in hospitals,
C) Park visitation reached record highs in 2009.
B) currently about half of all SLPs work in schools,
D) Park visitation has risen in a linear progression
C) there are only about 5,300 SLPs at work in
since the late 1970s.
schools,
D) colleges and universities devote only about 3%
of their budgets to SLPS,

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 Digital SAT Tests

Mycorrhizal fungi, found growing among the roots of the trees, provided that missing link. As Körner discovered,
these fungi created a network through which the carbon could travel from one tree species to the next.
Additionally, the more species of mycorrhizal fungi found living among a trees’ roots, the greater the access that
tree had to resources such as carbon or water. This suggests that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) carbon and water may be essential to the growth of mycorrhizal fungi.
B) the presence of mycorrhizal fungi may be vital in maintaining a resilient forest ecosystem.
C) supply and demand may help determine the number of links in a network of mycorrhizal fungi.
D) the growth of mycorrhizal fungi in humid climates may help facilitate the growth of certain species of
trees in those climates.

Laws of conservation - the idea that, within a physical

Alonzo Herndon, a former slave and a successful
system, certain measurable properties such as energy
barber, founded Atlanta Life Insurance. Byt one
or momentum can neither be created nor destroyed -
hundredth anniversary in 2005, the enterprise was
worth over 200 million dollars. In 1911, a second black fundamental to physics. When properties are

insurance company, Standard Life Insurance, was conserved, they never leave the system. Therefore,

formed by Heman Perry. Ten years later, Perry founded physicists can study them and predict how even

the Citizens Trust Bank, which offered loans to African complex systems will behave.

American entrepreneurs. Supported by these Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

institutions, small businesses helped Sweet Auburn the conventions of Standard English?

emerge as a center of black commerce. A) are

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to B) has been
the conventions of Standard English? C) were

A) its D) is

B) there
C) it’s
D) its’

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 Digital SAT Tests

The relationship between conservation and symmetry Austrian had a vision for US retail stores.
had been overlooked, though, prior to the publication Another problem was that the distances between retail
of Amalie Noether’s theorem in 1918. Noether, a stores forced shoppers to drive, not walk. A native of
German mathematician, found that where there is Vienna, Gruen had grown up near a downtown filled
symmetry in nature, there is corresponding with pedestrians. He loathed the flashy signs that
conservation. Noether devised a groundbreaking set of stretched mile after mile along the streets in the 1950s.
equations to apply to symmetrical systems. A bicycle There, whether looking for a gift or some fresh air,
wheel is radially symmetrical: you can spin it on its axis people could more readily interact with neighbors and
and it looks the same from any direction. Applying friends. This type of casual, friendly shopping
Noether’s theorem reveals that the wheel conserves experience was what he sought to bring to America.
angular and moving forward. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
the conventions of Standard English? A) architect, Victor Gruen
A) momentum the property that keeps bicycles B) architect, Victor Gruen,
upright, C) architect Victor Gruen,
B)

C)
upright - .
momentum - the property that keeps bicycles

momentum; the property that keeps bicycles

D) architect Victor Gruen

upright
D) momentum, the property that keeps bicycles
upright,
mm

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 Digital SAT Tests

Of the thousands of new animal species identified each When a plant is attacked by bacteria, fungi, or insects,
year, the vast majority are small or geographically it produces chemicals, called salicylates, that help the
isolated. So as graduate student Andrea Marshall plant produce enzymes or toxins capable of destroying
studied manta rays, which are neither small nor the plant’s attackers. Salicylates may also play a role in
isolated, she didn’t expect to identify a new species. the plant’s ability to regulate its temperature, helping
Mantas are plankton-eating relatives of stingrays that the plant tolerate heat and cold. Humans have used
look like pairs of enormous black flying the salicylic acids in to fight disease
slowly through the water. Encompassing wide swaths and to reduce fevers.
of both temperate and tropical oceans, the manta’s Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
range abuts every continent but Antartica. the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to A) plants, particularly in the bark of the willow
the conventions of Standard English? tree,

A) wings‒up to twenty-five feet wide‒ B) plants‒particularly in the bark‒of the willow

B) wings: up to twenty-five feet wide‒ tree,

C) wings, up to twenty-five feet wide‒ C) plants; particularly in the bark‒of the willow

.
D) wings, up to twenty-five feet wide: tree,
D) plants particularly, in the bark of the willow
tree,

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 Digital SAT Tests

In his studio in Dusseldorf, Germany, photographer Apothecaries increasingly preferred the imported bark
Martin Klimas carefully pours paint onto a rubber of South American cinchona trees as a fever reducer,
membrane placed on top of an audio speaker. The even though will grew abundantly throughout Europe.
paint collects in a puddle of hot pinks and Importing cinchona bark, however, was expensive.
electric yellows. Klimas attaches his camera to a tripod in the mid-1700s, English minister Edward
and he positions the camera so it is level with the paint Stone began to seek a substitute. He noted that the
puddle. bitter taste of willow bark was reminiscent of the bitter
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to taste of cinchona bark.
the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) colors; rich oranges and powder blues, transition?

B) colors: rich oranges and powder blues, A) Consequently,

C) colors: rich oranges; and powder blues B) Nevertheless,
D) colors; rich oranges and powder blues; C) Furthermore,
D) Likewise,

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 Digital SAT Tests

When storyteller Mary Carter Smith practices her art, In a T-ball league, one needs to do something to keep
everybody listens. Wearing a brightly colored African that score from reaching triple digits in the early going.
dress, a large turban, and bracelets, the There’s a rule, that says the runner must stop
seventy-eight-year-old Smith seems to inhabit each of when any fielder from the other team picks up the ball
the different characters she describes. Her voice and holds it aloft. The rule might seem a good one, but
changes with each emotion she wants to evoke. Her the children can’t remember to hold up the ball. Once
gestures fit the pace of the narrative. And though many they’ve picked it up, they look at it quizzically for a
of the stories are intended to make the audience laugh, while and then look up to see what all the ruckus is
Smith is fully aware of the other values of storytelling. about.
she identifies strongly with the griots of West Which choice completes the text with the most logical
Africa—those village storytellers who use songs, transition?
poems, and narration to help preserve and transmit A) therefore,
culture and history. B) instead,
Which choice completes the text with the most logical C) likewise,

transition? D) meanwhile,
A)
B)
C)
Indeed,
Well,
However,
.
D) At once,

Over the past generation, people in many parts of the United States have become accustomed to dividing their
household waste products into different categories for recycling. , paper may go in one container,
glass and aluminum in another, regular garbage in a third. Recently, some US cities have added a new category:
compost, organic matter such as food scraps and yard debris. Like paper or glass recycling, composting demands
a certain amount of effort from the public in order to be successful. But the inconveniences of composting are far
outweighed by its benefits.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) Regardless,
B) However,
C) Furthermore,
D) For example,

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 Digital SAT Tests

While researching a topic, a student has made the While researching a topic, a student has made the
following notes: following notes:
• The Heliocentric Model has the Earth and other • Miles Davis was a famous jazz musician who was born
planets revolving around the sun. in 1926 in Illinois and died in 1991 in California.
• Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was a proponent • Davis studied for a time at the Juilliard School, a music
of the Heliocentric Model. conservatory in New York City.
• The Geocentric Model has the sun and other • Davis is best known for his trumpet playing.
planetary bodies revolving around the Earth. • Louis Armstrong was also a famous jazz musician,
• Ancient Greek philosopher Ptolemy was a proponent who was born in 1901 in Louisiana and died in 1971 in
of the Geocentric Model. New York.
• The Heliocentric Model eventually became dominant • Armstrong learned much of his musical skill, including
after Copernicus demonstrated that it better utilized reading music, by playing on riverboats.
mathematics to explain astronomical observations. • Armstrong is well known for both trumpet playing
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between and vocal skill.
the Heliocentric and Geocentric theories. Which choice The student wants to emphasize a difference between

.
most effectively uses relevant information to the two musicians. Which choice most effectively uses
accomplish this goal? relevant information to accomplish this goal?
A) The Heliocentric and Geocentric models are A) Davis and Armstrong both were excellent
both widely accepted by scientists today. trumpet players.
B) Both the Heliocentric and Geocentric models B) Davis and Armstrong were both born in the
incorporate rotational movement. United States.
C) The Geocentric and Heliocentric models were C) Armstrong’s education was less formal than
both widely known by the citizens of ancient Davis’s.
Greece. D) Davis was born several years earlier than
D) Aristotle and Copernicus were both eminent Armstrong.
scientists who lived in ancient Greece.

64
Digital SAT Tests

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

Al-Idrisi brought a similarly logical approach to the Iridescent clouds—in which patches, bands, or

positioning of locations on his map. Most waves of color appear—are arresting phenomena.

mapmakers at the time cities, mountains, and Aptly nicknamed “rainbow clouds,” they flaunt

other features on their maps quite haphazardly. But displays that from pastel suffusions to vivid,

al-Idrisi, informed by the work of the best Arab and fiery streaks. But the conditions that iridescence

Greek scientists, laid out the sites on his map using requires are far more elusive than those that

astronomical coordinates. produce rainbows, making iridescent clouds

comparatively rare.

A) arranged A) range
B) collected B) differ

C) devised C) rank

D) Posed D) Trek

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 Digital SAT Tests

Some remote workers find that they perform better A 2018 study led by Fiona Gill of the University of

in less formal settings, such as restaurants and Leeds shows the benefits of this approach. The

coffee shops. These places may present problems, researchers compared the energy content of a

however, including a lack of available seating, variety of plants similar to those of the Mesozoic.

inconsistent access to the Internet, and the Unlike previous studies, theirs included an

possibility of impulsively buying snacks. Online angiosperm, Ranunculus arcis, as well as

space-sharing services can now mitigate many of monilophytes (seedless plants), Polypodium vulgare

these downsides, making work feasible in and Equisetum hyemale, and gymnosperms

environments. The start-up service Spacious, (nonflowering seed plants), Ginkgo biloba and
mmmmmmmmm
nevertheless,
for instance provides subscribers who pay a Araucaria araucana. To Mesozoic conditions,

monthly fee with access to work space in a variety of the scientists grew the plants in atmospheric CO2

New York City restaurants that otherwise would be ranging from modern levels of 400 parts per million

closed during the day. (ppm) to estimated Mesozoic levels of 800 to 2,000

A) bizarre ppm, then placed the plants in fermentation

B) eccentric chambers that stimulate digestion.

C)
D) .
preposterous
unconventional
A)
B)
C)
model
fake
counterfeit
D) Fabricate

66
Digital SAT Tests

In September 2014, the then secretary of state John San Francisco Federation of the Arts and a fan of

Kerry presided over a groundbreaking ceremony for cable cars, was unconvinced. In March 1947,

the center, and a challenging construction process Klusmann called a meeting of the leaders of

began. The entrance to the Truman Building needed twenty-seven women’s civic groups, forming the

to remain accessible, so work had to proceed around Citizens Committee to Save the Cable Cars. Led by

a walkway left accessible open for State Department Klusmann, the group rebutted the mayor’s

employees. Furthermore, when a three-ton section arguments in a press release. Cable cars were safe,

of the Berlin Wall was donated after construction they argued; in fact, cable cars caused fewer

had already commenced, crews had to the accidents than did buses. Additionally, cable cars

foundation at the spot where it would be displayed. made money for the city by tourism.

Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most

logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?

A) fortify A) commending
B) confirm B) encouraging

C) invigorate C) sanctioning

D) intensify

. D) reassuring

67
Digital SAT Tests

In 1935, Chef Herbert Sachse of the Hotel Esplanade You have to admire the honesty of a company whose

in Perth, Australia, commemorated Pavlova’s tour slogan is “Just About the Best.” Glory Foods’

with a dessert he hoped would be as ethereal and president and founder, Bill Williams, explains the

delicate as her movements onstage. He started by unusual slogan by admitting that while he knows

making a marshmallow-like base of fluffy meringue, that his foods can’t beat the taste of real home

a blend of whipped egg whites and sugar. He filled cooking, they do come very close. Even as a child,

the sunken center of the baked meringue with Williams loved to prepare food, and as a young

mounds of whipped cream, swirled to suggest a adult, he refined his cooking skills at the

spinning ballerina. Because Pavlova’s tutu had been Culinary Institute of America.

speckled with green silk roses, he dotted the cream Which choice completes the text with the most

with sliced kiwifruit. To the hotel guests to whom logical and precise word or phrase?

Sachse first served this delicacy, he , “It is as A) prestigiously acclaimed

light as Pavlova.” B) famed, renowned, and notable
Which choice completes the text with the most C) luscious
logical and precise word or phrase? D) Prestigious
prestious

A)
B)
C)
went,
.
proclaimed,
procured,
D) Told,

68
Digital SAT Tests

After lengthy spontaneous training with its owner at home, a border collie (Rico) was able to retrieve more
than 200 objects by their name. Another border collie (Chaser) learnt the names of more than 1000 objects
over three years. This word repertoire is comparable to that of a two-year-old human infant, thus
researchers wondered whether humans and dogs share some of the mental processes necessary for word
learning and comprehension. Word learning in infants is a relatively spontaneous process which starts
around the age of 8-12 months. A particular characteristic feature of word learning is that infants are able to
learn and remember the name of an object after a single exposure. This phenomenon is called ‘fast
mapping’, and it is believed to explain the rapid expansion of the word repertoire in the following years of
development.
Based on the passage, which claim does the author most likely believe was well established prior to the
study with Rico?

A) Infants learn the names of objects after one presentation.

B) Infants acquire language more quickly if it is intentionally taught.
C) Dogs learn the names of toys as readily as infants do.
D) Dogs mentally represent objects in a different manner than humans do.

69
Digital SAT Tests

Jane Eyre is a nineteenth-century English novel by Charlotte Bronte. In the novel, it can be inferred that Jane
refuses Rochester’s advances because it would violate her personal ideals:

Which quotation from the novel most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) “While he spoke my very conscience and reason turned traitors against me, and charged me with
crime in resisting him”
B) “I will keep the law given by God; sanctioned by man. I will hold to the principles received by me
when I was sane, and not mad-as I am now.”
C) “The soul, fortunately, has an interpreter-often an unconscious, but still a truthful interpreter-in the
eye.”

D) “Whatever I do with its cage, I cannot get at it-the savage, beautiful creature!”

Six months after the United States entered World War I, in the midst of the war fever then sweeping the
country, Robert M. La Follette, Sr., of Wisconsin defended his right to speak out against the war in a forceful
address to the Senate. In the speech, he explains the special importance of free speech during times of war

.
and the relation between free speech and democratic governance. He draws a distinction between rights
that are appropriately and inappropriately sacrificed during war:

Which quotation from the speech most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) “I have in my possession numerous affidavits establishing the fact that people are being unlawfully
arrested, thrown into jail, held incommunicado for days, only to be eventually discharged without
ever having been taken into court, because they have committed no crime.”
B) “I think all men recognize that in time of war the citizen must surrender some rights for the
common good which he is entitled to enjoy in time of peace. But sir, the right to control their own
Government according to constitutional forms is not one of the rights that the citizens of this
country are called upon to surrender in time of war”

C) “He must be most watchful of the encroachment of the military upon the civil power.”
D) “I am contending, Mr. President, for the great fundamental right of the sovereign people of this
country to make their voice heard and have that voice heeded upon the great questions arising out
of this war, including not only how the war shall be prosecuted but the conditions upon which it
may be terminated with a due regard for the rights and the honor of this Nation and the interests
of humanity.”

70
Digital SAT Tests

Every year my high school hosts international

It was time to do something more serious,
exchange students who join our senior class. Each
something that meant more to her. Many of her
student usually lives with the family of one of the
friends were getting internships in the city, working
seniors. I can recall students from Costa Rica, Italy,
for this or that publishing house or TV studio.
Norway, and Nigeria. Last year, one of our school’s
Amanda, however, wanted something different. She
exchange students was Ligia Antolinez, who came
would start applying to law schools soon, and she
from Bucaramanga, Colombia. I was a junior then. I
wanted to know what the law looked like in action.
wasn’t in any of Ligia’s classes and didn’t know her,
Fortunately, her dad knew someone from high
but I
school, a friend who had gone on to law school and
Which choice most logically completes the text?
now worked at the County Department of
A) saw her at school events, which are
Corrections. It was a thankless job, and although the
sometimes supported financially by local
Department building itself covered almost one
businesses.
hundred acres (in New York City, there was an entire
B) had read a story about her in our school
island devoted to it), no one paid the Department of
paper, which is written by students

.
Corrections much mind. Most people never come
interested in journalism.
near a jail cell, so
C) saw her at school events and had read a
Which choice most logically completes the text?
story about her in our school paper.
A) it’s easy for them to dismiss inmates as
D) had read a story about her when I was
totally removed from society.
checking our school paper for local movie
B) people often know literally nothing about
listings.
prison life, though they are endlessly
fascinated.
C) movie studios are famous for their sordid
but often wrong depictions of prison life.
D) incarceration rates in the United States are
some of the highest in the world.

71
Digital SAT Tests

The Dust Bowl’s disastrous environmental effects Patsy Takemoto Mink’s challenging road to political
served as a wake-up call to not only farmers but the office began in 1956 when she ran to represent the
federal government as well. In 1937, President territory of Hawaii as a non voting member of the US
Franklin D. Roosevelt cautioned that “[a] nation that House of Representatives. She lacked name
destroys its soil destroys itself,” and over the next recognition among voters and support from the
decade numerous government initiatives were local branch of the Democratic Party, and many
established. For instance, the Prairie States Forestry doubted that a Japanese American woman could win
Project planted some 200 million trees on 30,000 votes. Mink campaigned intensely, but instead of
farms across the Great Plains to reduce wind speed, staging rallies as many politicians did, she traveled
and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration door-to-door throughout her district,

Which choice most logically completes the text? Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) offered subsidies to farmers who plowed A) even though she was not from a political
their fields in ways that prevented soil family.
erosion. B) and she had few supporters before

.
B) established emergency programs to put beginning her campaign.
teachers to work and generate new C) which was located on the Hawaiian island of
educational opportunities for people across Oahu.
the nation. D) introducing herself to voters and learning
C) Distributed short-term financial and about their concerns.
material assistance to minimize the effects
of the economic turmoil of the 1930s.
D) enabled local administrations in every state
to study the most effective ways to assist
with different communities’ needs.

72
Digital SAT Tests

Martin Klimas’s idea for his sonic sculptures was Separating Oregon from Washington, the Columbia
sparked by the Hans Jenny. In the 1960s, River Gorge is eighty-five miles of flowing water,
Jenny studied the effects of sound vibrations on tree-covered bluffs, and roaring waterfalls. These
various materials. For example, Jenny discovered striking features daunted would-be road builders
that low sonic tones caused powdery substances to until 1913. That year, Samuel Hill and Samuel
form into uniform lines, while deeper tones caused Lancaster, a businessman and an engineer,
the same powder to form into more nuanced respectively, began constructing a road through the
patterns. gorge to connect the towns along the river. Their
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms design went beyond it showcased the
to the conventions of Standard English? scenic grandeur of the gorge.

A) experiments, of Swiss scientist, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
B) experiments, of Swiss scientist to the conventions of Standard English?
C) experiments of Swiss, scientist A) practicalities
D) experiments of Swiss scientist B) practicalities: and
C) practicalities:

. D) Practicalities,

73
Digital SAT Tests

Featuring seven viaducts and eighteen bridges, the One night in the late seventies, at a popular club in
Columbia River Highway was a marvel. Roadside New York City, had a revelation. At the
overlooks with benches offered travelers the chance time, hip-hop subculture‒based on the graffiti,
to take a view of the river or a waterfall. breakdancing, deejaying, and rapping art forms‒was
Guardrails made of local rock lined the route and emerging as a phenomenon. Robinson watched as
blurred the distinction between road and DJ Lovebug Starski spun records for the crowd and
environment. Engineers created openings in the side rapped over the instrumental breaks in the music.
of one tunnel, enabling motorists surrounded by Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
rock to glimpse the river below. to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms A) singer and music producer Sylvia Robinson
to the conventions of Standard English? B) singer, and music producer, Sylvia Robinson,
A) in C) singer and music producer, Sylvia Robinson,
B) up D) singer, and music producer Sylvia Robinson
C) on

D) Beside

74
Digital SAT Tests

Patsy Takemoto Mink represented Hawaii in For decades the fashion industry has relied on “fast
Congress for twelve years before leaving in 1977 to fashion,” a production model in which new clothing
work in the Carter administration. She returned to is made quickly and shipped continuously across the
the US House of Representatives in 1990 and held globe. The clothes are cheap, but they carry steep
her position until her death in 2002. In her career, environmental costs. Fast fashion requires the use of
authoring legislation barring harmful chemicals to produce large quantities of
gender discrimination in education and expanding mostly synthetic textiles. Moreover, those textiles are
job opportunities for women. She also helped form prone to stretching and in clothes that end
the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus up as nonbiodegradable waste almost as quickly as
and educated people about Japanese American they were created.
internment camps. Using her political platform, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Mink dedicated herself to challenging the kinds of to the conventions of Standard English?
discrimination she had faced and to improving the A) tearing, resulting
lives of her fellow citizens. B) tearing; which results
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms C) tearing, this results

.
to the conventions of Standard English? D) tearing; resulting

A) championed by Mink were women’s rights,

B) women’s rights were championed by Mink,
C) championing women’s rights was done by
Mink,

D) Mink championed women’s rights,

75
Digital SAT Tests

“The nation and its news media are going in One company contributing to slow fashion is
opposite directions, and the public is paying the Circular Systems, which creates fibers from materials
price,” Dori Maynard wrote in 2013. She was such as crop by-products that would otherwise be
following up on her point that although people of discarded. On the one hand, the company’s
color up nearly 40 percent of the US population, manufacturing processes yield far less fabric than
only about 12 percent of full-time daily news the chemically intensive methods used in fast
journalists are people of color. Herself an fashion, and the associated costs are much higher
award-winning African American journalist, Maynard than with mass production of synthetics. the
advocated diversity within newsrooms for the sake resulting textiles are sustainably sourced and non
of fairer representation of all communities. polluting and can be very robust.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms Which choice completes the text with the most
to the conventions of Standard English? logical transition?

A) make A) Instead,
B) does make B) On the other hand,

C) is making C) Consequently,
D) Makes

. D) Furthermore,

76
Digital SAT Tests

In 1139, however, when King Roger II of Sicily Diffraction happens in all clouds, but most cloud
wanted a new map of the known world, he desired particles are too large and irregular to diffract
accuracy foremost. To that end, he engaged sunlight consistently. One particle might deflect red
Moroccan-born scholar Muhammad al-Idrisi. Al-Idrisi waves at the same angle and adjacent particles
adopted a systematic approach to the project, deflect green. Or, in denser clouds, each light wave is
combining comparative analysis, eyewitness likely to collide with a series of particles, deflecting
accounts, and scientific measurements. Al-Idrisi at a different angle every time. In both cases, the
studied as many existing maps as he could. He also different light waves cross paths, and the cloud
scrutinized accounts written by long-distance appears white. In iridescent clouds,
travelers. By comparing sources, al-Idrisi could judge deflection angles don’t conflict. As sunlight passes
their accuracy. If multiple sources agreed on through the cloud, every particle deflects distinct
something—route of a river, for instance—it was light waves at consistent angles, and breathtaking
likely true. If sources disagreed, al-Idrisi colors emerge.
sought the truth by dispatching a research Which choice completes the text with the most
expedition to the area in question. logical transition?
Which choice completes the text with the most A) for example,

A)
B)
.
logical transition?

likewise,
on the other hand,
B)
C)
D)
consequently,
furthermore,
however,
C) regardless,
D) otherwise,

77
Digital SAT Tests

The many variations of the desert have allowed both While researching a topic, a student has taken the
Australia and New Zealand to point to one of their following notes:
own early recipes as “the original pavlova.” But there ● In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone
were dozens of recipes for pavlova in New Zealand fragments they had found in the ruins of
cookbooks by 1940, the year a pavlova recipe first Cancun, a Chinese farming village.
appeared in an Australian cookbook. Most culinary ● The fragments were estimated to be 5,300
historians—and even the authoritative Oxford years old.
English Dictionary—attribute the original pavlova to ● A chemical analysis of the fragments
New Zealand. this artistic dessert revealed that the cats had consumed large
generously adorns the national cuisine of both amounts of grain.
countries. ● The grain consumption is evidence that the
Which choice completes the text with the most Quan Ucun cats may have been
logical transition? domesticated.

A) Consequently, The student wants to present the Quanhucun study

B) For the sake of clarity, and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively
C)
D) .
In addition,
Even so,
uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?
A) As part of a 2013 study of cat
domestication, a chemical analysis was
conducted on cat bone fragments found in
Quanhucun, China.
B) A 2013 analysis of cat bone fragments
found in Quanhucun, China, suggests that
cats there may have been domesticated
5,300 years ago.
C) In 2013, archaeologists studied what cats in
Quanhucun, China, had eaten more than
5,000 years ago.
D) Cat bone fragments estimated to be 5,300
years old were found in Quanhucun, China,
in 2013.

78
Digital SAT Tests

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

79
Digital SAT Tests

Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

80
Digital SAT Tests

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

81
 Digital SAT Tests

A meteorite with a mass of 16.0 grams (g) is composed 8𝑥

Which expression is equivalent to ?
4
of iron and nickel and has a volume of 2.0 cubic
A) 2𝑥
centimeters (cm3). Iron has a density of 7.9 grams per
B) 4𝑥
cubic centimeter (g/cm3), and nickel has a density of
1
8.9 g/cm3. Which system of equations represents this C)
2𝑥
situation, where r is the volume of iron and n is the 𝑥
D)
volume of nickel in the meteorite? 2

A) 7. 9𝑟 + 8. 9𝑛 = 16. 0
𝑟 + 𝑛 = 2. 0
3
B) 7. 9𝑟 + 8. 9𝑛 = 16. 0 The function 𝑓 is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5. What is the
𝑟 + 𝑛 = 16. 0 value of 𝑓(3)?
C) 7. 9𝑟 + 8. 9𝑛 = 2. 0 A) 14
𝑟 + 𝑛 = 2. 0 B) 27
D) 7. 9𝑟 + 8. 9𝑛 = 2. 0 C) 32

D) 38

.
𝑟 + 𝑛 = 16. 0

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 Digital SAT Tests

The function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) =− 3 𝑥 + 6 . What is the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥)?

5

B)
A)

C)
AME D) D)
STUDY

The equation 2𝑥 + 30𝑦 = 4, 700 models the total 6𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10

number of trees in a neighborhood consisting of a − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4
2- hectare park and a 30-hectare residential area. The The solution to the given system of equations is (𝑥, 𝑦) .
total number of trees in the neighborhood is 4,700. What is the value of 𝑦 ?
Which is the best interpretation of 𝑥 in this context?

A) The total number of trees in the park

B) The number of trees per hectare in the park
C) The total number of trees in the residential
area
D) The number of trees per hectare in the
residential area

83
 Digital SAT Tests

𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(3𝑥 − 1) = 0
What is the sum of the three values of 𝑥 that satisfy the
equation above?

In triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 shown, what is the length of 𝑃𝑄?

A) 4𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
𝑐𝑜𝑠20°
B)
4
C) 4𝑡𝑎𝑛20°
4
D)
𝑡𝑎𝑛20°

𝑥 Line 𝑙 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane contains the points (0, − 2) and

.
𝑔(𝑥) = 2( 12)
(10, 4). An equation of line 𝑙 is 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚
If the given function 𝑔 is graphed in the 𝑥𝑦-plane,
and 𝑏 are constants. What is the value of 𝑚?
where 𝑦 = 𝑔(𝑥) , what is the 𝑦-intercept of the graph?
5
A)
A) (0, 0) 3
3
B)
B) (0, 1) 5
C) − 3
5
C) (0, 2)
D) − 5
D) (0, 4) 3

|𝑥 − 4| = 19 (𝑦 + 𝑔)(𝑘𝑥 + 𝑔) = 1
What are all the solutions to the given equation? The given equation relates the positive numbers 𝑔, 𝑘, 𝑥,
A) 23 only and 𝑦. Which equation correctly express 𝑦 in terms of
B) 15 only 𝑔, 𝑘, and 𝑥 ?
C) 15 and -23 A) 𝑦 = 1 −𝑔
𝑘𝑥+𝑔
D) -15 and 23 1−𝑔
B) 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥+𝑔
C) 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑔
D) 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 − 𝑔

84
 Digital SAT Tests

2 2
(8, 466 + 100𝑦 ) − 10(11𝑦 + 120) A construction company purchased an excavator for

The given expression can be written in the form $180,000. The value of the excavator is expected to
2
𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants. What is the value decrease by 12% each year. Which equation models the

of 𝑎 + 𝑏? value of the excavator 𝑉(𝑡), in dollars, where 𝑡

A) 9,656 represents the number of years since purchase?

𝑡
B) 8,576 A) 𝑉(𝑡) = 180, 000(0. 12)
𝑡
C) 7,266 B) 𝑉(𝑡) = 180, 000(0. 88)
𝑡
D) 7,256 C) 𝑉(𝑡) = 180, 000(1. 12)
𝑡
D) 𝑉(𝑡) = 180, 000(1. 2)

If 3𝑥 + 5 + 𝑥 + 7 = 36, what is the value of 5𝑥? Which equation has no solutions?

A) 3(𝑥 + 5) = 3𝑥
B) 3(𝑥 + 5) = 6𝑥

. C) 3𝑥 + 5 = 3𝑥 + 5
D) 3𝑥 + 5 = 6𝑥 + 5

85
 Digital SAT Tests

Triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is an isosceles triangle with base angles The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 3 is shown.
measuring 45°. Triangle 𝑃'𝑄'𝑅' is similar to triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅
. The length of each side of triangle 𝑃'𝑄'𝑅' is 1.5 times
as large as the corresponding side of triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅.
What is the measure of each of the base angles of
triangle 𝑃'𝑄'𝑅'?

A) 22.5°
B) 45°
C) 67.5°
D) 90°

Which equation defines the linear function 𝑓?

A) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 3𝑥 − 4
B)

.
𝑓(𝑥) =− 3𝑥 − 3
C) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 3𝑥 + 2
D) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 3𝑥 + 8

2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 8
The function 𝑓 is defined above, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are The equation of a circle in the 𝑥𝑦-plane is shown above.
integer constants. If 𝑓(1) > 0, 𝑓(4) < 0, and 𝑓(7) > 0, What is the radius of the circle?
what is one possible value of 𝑎 + 𝑏?

86
 Digital SAT Tests

The entire senior class at a high school voted on the

color for their class T-shirt. The results are shown in the
table.

COLOR NUMBER OF VOTES

Red 123

yellow 210

blue 367 The graph of the linear function 𝑓 is shown. The

function can be written as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 and
Total 700
𝑏 are constants. What is value of 𝑚?

If a senior is selected at random, what is the probability

of selecting a senior who voted for yellow (Express your

.
answer as a decimal or fraction, not as a percent.)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

87
Digital SAT Tests

Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

88
Digital SAT Tests

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

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6 6
𝑥
The function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 . What is the 𝑥 (𝑥−3) 3𝑥 1 𝑐
The expression 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 is equivalent to 𝑥 ,
2
value of 𝑔(2)?
where 𝑐 is a constant and 𝑥 > 0. What is the value of 𝑐 ?
A) 52
B) 32
C) 25
D) 10

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 23

2𝑦 = 15
The solution to the given system of equations is (𝑥, 𝑦).
What is the value of 𝑥?

A) −8
B) −7

C) 8
D) 38
The scatterplot shows the ave rage nu
umber of people

per household in the United States for select years

from 1970 to 1980. A line of best fit for the data is also
shown. Which of the following is closest to the average
number of people per household predicted by the line
of best fit for 1976?

A) 2.7
B) 2.9
C) 3.1
D) 3.2

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If 4𝑥 + 4 = 20, what is the value of 𝑥 + 1?

Grade Number of students
A) 4
B) 5 10 6
C) 6
11 18
D) 9

12 12

Total 36

The table shows the number of students in each grade

in North High School’s band. If a student is selected at
random from the band, what is the probability that the
student is in grade 12?
1
A)
6
1

.
B)
3
1
C)
2
2
D)
3

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The table shows the length, in miles, of 9 major rivers

Name Length in Africa. What is the median length, in miles, of the 9
rivers?
Nile 4160

Congo 2720

Niger 2600

Zambezi 1700

Orange 1300

Limpopo 1100

Kasai 1100

Lualaba 1100
0
1000
Cubango

The total cortical surface area from the hemisphere of A dance studio had 𝑥 students when it opened. One
a certain primate brain is 2,261 square millimeters. year later, the studio had 1. 2𝑥 students. If the number
There are 127,000,000 total neurons in this of students in the studio increased by 𝑝% during this
hemisphere. Which of the following is closest to the one-year period, what is the value of 𝑝?
cortical neuron density, in neurons per square
millimeter, for this hemisphere?

A) 287,000
B) 178,000
C) 125,000
D) 56,200

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The table summarizes the number of public schools in A museum built a scale model of the solar system
two California counties in 2017. throughout its city where 1 mile in the model
County represents an actual distance of 400,000,000 miles. The
model of the Sun is 𝑥 miles away from the model of
School Los San Diego Total
Earth. Which expression represents the actual distance,
Angeles
in miles, between Earth and the Sun?

Elementary 1,395 498 1,893 A) 400, 000, 000𝑥

B) 100, 000, 000𝑥
Middle 422 165 587 C) 400𝑥
𝑥
High 570 191 761 D) 400

Total 2,387 854 3,241

A public middle school will be selected at random from

the two counties. What is the probability, to the nearest

A) 0.05
B) 0.19
.
hundredth, of selecting a school in San Diego County?

C) 0.28
D) 0.69

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The list shown gives the heights, in inches, for the 6 When Michael swims he burns 9 calories per minute
ten-year-old children in a group. and when he walks he burns 4 calories per minute. If

52, 53, 54, 54, 55, 56 Michael spends a total of 4 hours walking and

A seventh child with a height of 60 inches will be added swimming and burns a total of 1600 calories, how

to the group. Which of the following correctly describes many minutes did he spend walking?

how the mean and the median of the group will change
when the seventh child is added?

A) The mean and the median will increase.

B) The mean and the median will decrease.
C) The mean will increase, and the median will
remain the same.
D) The mean will decrease, and the median will
remain the same.

Phobos Deimos

Average diameter (kilometers) 22.2 12.4

Orbital semimajor axis (kilometers) 9,376 23,458

Orbital period (hours) 7.56 30.30

Average moonrise period (hours) 11.12 131

The planet Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos. The table shows the average diameter, orbital semimajor
axis, orbital period, and average moonrise period for each moon.
Which of the following is closest to the number of Earth days for the average moonrise period of Deimos? (Use 1
Earth day = 24 hours.)

A) 0.2
B) 1.3
C) 2.2
D) 5.5

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The table summarizes data about a sample of adult female polar bears and their yearlings (cubs between 1 and 2
years of age). The data were collected as part of a study of polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea.

Age (years) Number of adult females Percent of adult females having yearlings

5 to 9 36 19%

10 to 14 26 19%

15 to 19 8 38%

20 or older 10 40%

Total 80 24%

Yessenia is going to buy a car. The total amount she will pay for the car will include the selling price of the car, 6%
sales tax on the selling price of the car, and $426 for fees. If Yessenia wants to spend at least $18,000 but no more

.
than $20,000, which of the following selling prices is within her budget?

A) $16,500
B) $17,500
C) $18,500
D) $19,500

The ratio of 6 to 𝑥 is equivalent to the ratio of 24 to 𝑦. Which equation represents 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥?

A) 𝑦 = 1 𝑥
5

B) 𝑦 = 1
4
𝑥
C) 𝑦 = 4𝑥
D) 𝑦 = 5𝑥

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Which of the following statements best compares the means of the two data sets shown?
A) The mean of data set A is less than the mean of data set B.
B) The means of the two data sets are equal.
C) The mean of data set A is greater than the mean of data set B.
D) There is not enough information to compare the means of the two data sets.

2
𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 24 = 0 .
What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?
A) − 24
B) − 10
C) 10
D) 24

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What is the equation of the graph shown?

.
2
A) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) + 9
2
B) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) − 9
2
C) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1) + 9
2
D) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1) − 9

An educator conducted a survey about the use of social media in the classroom. A sample of 48 teachers was
selected at random from all public high school teachers in City X. Each of the 48 teachers completed the survey,
and 25% indicated that they use social media in the classroom. Which of the following is the largest population to
which the results of this survey can be generalized?

A) All public high school teachers in the country

B) All teachers in City X
C) All public high school teachers in City X
D) All teachers in the sample

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Data set X is represented by the dot plot shown.

Which dot plot represents a data set that has the same range as data set X?

A)

B)

C)
.

D)

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The shaded region shown represents the solutions to which inequality?

A) 𝑦 ≤ 3𝑥 − 1
B) 𝑦 ≥ 3𝑥 − 1

.
C) 𝑦 ≤− 3𝑥 + 1
D) 𝑦 ≥− 3𝑥 + 1

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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PRACTICE
T E ST 3

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Practice Test 3

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

In February 2001, polar adventurers Liv Arnes en of Ro berto Clemente ,the Pittsburgh Pirates right fielder
Norway and Ann Bancroft of Minnesota became the from 1995 to 1972, was one of baseball’s most gifted
first woman to climb and ski across the continent of athletes. He was the National League Batting
Antarctica. The two former schoolteachers Champion four times, the National League Most
their 2,4000-mile journey in 96 days. Months before Valuable Player (MVP) in 1966, and the World Series
their expedition, Arnesen and Bancroft began training MVP in 1971. In recognition of his fielding skills, he was
by learning to ski behind sails—parachute-like devices awarded twelve consecutive Gold Gloves. In 1973, he
that can pull a skier loaded with supplies about six was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
miles per hour in steady winds. Which choice completes the text with the most logical
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
and precise word or phrase? A) entitled
A) completed B) awarded
B) achieved C) named
C) finalized D) given
D) implemented

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The role of African-American authors in what we more broadly call “American literature” is now well-known. Not
only is Toni Morrison widely revered as the greatest novelist of the era after World War II, Zora Neale Hurston’s
Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) is the most-read book in American high schools. What many do not realize,
however, is that the tradition of African-American literature goes back to the origins of the country itself. While
the widespread practice of slavery (and its attendant prohibitions on literacy) stained American history for many
hundreds of years, a few remarkable individuals wrote on, and not just in the form of slave narratives (like that of
Federick Doughlass), but in the less overtly political arts of poetry and fiction.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the overall structure of the text?
A) not interesting thanmmmm
To name a writer whose life story is less Wheatley’s
B) To allude to a type of literary achievement distinct from
mmmm Wheatley’s
C) To note a discrepancy in literary history that is not often acknowledged.
D) Zora
To refer to a friend of Wheatley’s who encouraged the publication of her work.

This text comes from George Washington Cable’s The Silent South, published in The Century in 1885.

.
Social equality can never exist where a community, numerous enough to assert itself, is actuated, as every

civilized community is, by an intellectual and moral ambition. No form of laws, no definition of rights, from

Anarchy to Utopia, can bring it about. The fear that this or that change will produce it ought never to be any but a

fool’s fear. And yet there is this to be added; that no other people in American are doing so much for social

equality as those who, while they warmly charge it upon others, are themselves thrusting arbitrary and cheap

artificial distinctions into the delicate machinery of society’s self-distribution as it revolves by the power of our

natural impulses, and of morality; personal interest, and personal preferences. This, of course, is not the

intention, and even these persons retard only incidentally, unawares and within narrow limits, nature’s social

distributions, while taking diligent and absolutely needless pains to apart two races which really have no social

affinity at all.

A) To demonstrate that Cable’s detractors violate a natural order with a misguided set of rules.

B) To praise the United States for its perfect alignment with natural human needs.

C) To use figurative language that encapsulates his views on the substance of a debate.

D) To scold readers for their belief in an unworkable and impractical system of government.

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Text 1
This text is excerpted from Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France. Originally published in 1790.
I shall beg to leave, before I go any further, to take notice of some paltry artifacts which the abettors of election

as the only lawful title to the crown are ready to employ, in order to render the support of the just principles of

our Constitution a task somewhat invidious. These sophisters substitute a fictitious cause, and feigned

personages, in whose favor they suppose you engaged, whenever you defend the inheritable nature of the

crown. It is common with them to dispute as if they were in a conflict with some of those exploded fanatics of

slavery who formerly maintained, what I believe no creature now maintains, “that the crown is held by divine,

hereditary, and indefeasible right.”

Text 2
This text is excerpted from Thomas Paine, Common Sense. Originally published in 1776.
The most plausible plea, which hath ever been offered in favour of hereditary succession, is, that it preserves a

nation from civil wars; and were this true, it would be weighty; whereas, it is the most barefaced falsity ever

imposed upon mankind. The whole history of England disowns the fact. Thirty kings and two minors have reigned

.
in that distracted kingdom since the conquest, in which time there have been (including the Revolution) no less

than eight civil wars and nineteen rebellions. Wherefore instead of making for peace, it makes against it, and

destroys the very foundation it seems to stand on.

In response to Burke’s statement in Text 1 (“These sophisters…crown”), what would Paine most likely say?

A) He would indicate that it is important to address all possible reasons for supporting an unjust cause.

B) He would state that the argument against the divine right to rule is less important than the tendencies of

rulers to arbitrarily provide favors to their supporters.

C) He would clarify that the argument against an accepted form of rule is based on results, not redirection.

D) He would deny that the old belief in an inherently granted right to rule a state has completely

disappeared.

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This text is adapted from an 1859 novel that follows the lives of both English and French characters during the
French Revolution.
“Rot the admiration of the whole Court! Who made the Old Bailey a judge of beauty? She was a golden-haired

doll!”

“Do you know, Sydney,” said Mr. Stryver, looking at him with sharp eyes, and slowly drawing a hand across his

florid face: “do you know, I rather thought, at the time, that you sympathized with the golden-haired doll, and

were quick to see what happened to the golden-haired doll?”

“Quick to see what happened! If a girl, doll or no doll, swoons within a yard or two of a man’s nose, he can see it

without a perspective-glass. I pledge to you, but I deny the beauty. And now I’ll have no more drinks; I’ll get to

bed.”

According to the text, what is true about Stryver?

A) He is in love with Miss Manette.

B) He believes that Carton lacks the intelligence required to be successful.

C) He does not believe that Carton finds Miss Manette unattractive.

D)
.
He was born into a wealthy family.

Momentum built to a crescendo in the summer of 1988 when a rock concert in Tallinn’s Old Town spilled into the

Song Festival grounds and massive crowds gathered for six straight nights to lift arms, sway in unison, and sing

patriotic songs. Emboldened, Estonians brought out forbidden blue-and-black-and-white national flags, some

from attics and basements where they had been hidden since 1940. Shockingly, no one stopped them. For the

finale of these “Night Song Festivals” more than 200,000 Estonians gathered. This was the heart of “The Sing

Evolution,” a spontaneous, non-violent, but powerful political movement that united Estonians with poetry and

music. After that there was no backing up. Sedition hung in the wind, waiting to be denied.

Based on the text, what is true about Estonian song festivals?

A) They afforded Estonians a medium through which national and cultural pride could be expressed.

B) They were started during the Soviet occupation to preserve Estonian culture and language.

C) They were unique in size and format to the country where they were founded.

D) They provided an opportunity to sing songs that were more uplifting than those sung while working.

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This text is adapted from the article “Notes from a Wedding” by Lauren Wilcox Puchowski (Ⓒ2010 by Lauren
Wilcox Puchowski).
Holmes uses as many as eight musicians and two singers for weddings. He accepts turnover as a fact of running

a band, but his current core lineup has, in the mercurial world of part-time performers, been fairly steady. Sam

Brawner, the drummer, and Atiba Taylor, the sax player, have played with him for three and four years,

respectively, and Bruce Robinson, they key-boardist, has played with him for 15.

What is the main idea of the text?

A) Holmes often has to alter his musical style based on which band members are available to play a gig.

B) Holmes typically needs more band members to play at weddings than he needs to play at private parties.

C) Holmes’s core lineup of band members has been relatively consistent for a business with a high turnover
mmmmm
mmmmm
rate.

D) Holmes’s core lineup of band members is constantly changing because Holmes expects his musicians to

travel long distances.

.
At the end of 2012, at least 83 wolves in 10 packs (6 breeding pairs) occupied Yellowstone National Park (YNP).
This is approximately a 15% decline from the previous three years when numbers had stabilized at around 100
wolves. Breeding pairs declined slightly from eight the previous year. Wolf numbers in YNP have declined by
about 50% since 2007, mostly because of a smaller elk population, the main food of wolves in YNP.
State-managed wolf hunts harvested 12 wolves that lives primarily in YNP when these animals moved into
Montana and Wyoming. The number of wolves living in the park interior has declined less, probably because they
supplement their diet with bison.

Which of the following, if true, would most likely weaken the author’s argument?
A) Predation studies on Delta and YNP
interior Bechler packs done by a separate research group show their diet to
consist almost entirely of elk.
B) Northern packs that occasionally roam into the park’s interior have more stable populations than other
northern packs.

C) In
In2003,
203 apacks
pack of coyotes infected with mange migrated into the park and wolf populations soon declined.
D) Studies of bison populations are incomplete and are known to overestimate the number of bison living in
YNP.

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10

This text is adapted from the article “The Myth of Gabriel García Márquez: How the Colombian Writer Really
Changed Literature” by Michael Wood (Ⓒ2009 by Washington Post. Newsweek Interactive Co. LLC).
Many years later, and many times over, the writer Gabriel García Márquez was to remember the day he

discovered how to set about writing his great novel. He was driving from Mexico City to Acapulco when the

illumination hit him. He turned the car around, went home, and locked himself away for 18 months. When he

appeared, he had the manuscript of One Hundred Years of Solitude in his hands.

Which choice best describes the overall purpose of the text?

A) Correct misconceptions about how long it took Gabriel García Márquez to write One Hundred Years of
Solitude.
B) Describe García Márquez’s approach to writing novels.

C) Relate a story about García Márquez that

thatMartin discusses in histhe
was discussed biography.
article

D) Provide background information about García Márquez’s childhood.

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11

A recent study checked the effect of increased highway noise on local bird populations. According to the study,

.
the mere sounds of traffic reduced avian populations by a third and cut species diversity by a significant amount.”
Birds, it seems, need to spend as much time as possible with their heads down—hunting and pecking, feeding
their young, and fattening up for their various migrations. This is bad news for avian life in the deep South, where
the Interstate Highway Commission

Which choice most effectively uses the data from the map to complete the text?
A) has announced plans to eradicate avian and other wildlife populations between Natchez, Augusta,
Savannah, and Knoxville.

B) will push avian populations northeast into North Carolina and northwest into western Tennessee.
C) has planned an east-west route from Savannah to Knoxville and a north-south route from Augusta to
Natchez.
D) has planned a north-south route from Savannah to Knoxville and an east-west route from Augusta to
Natchez.

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12

In one study, researchers found a 46 percent increase in deaths from any cause among people who sat for more
than four hours a day while watching television, compared to people who sat for only two. Other studies found
links between excessive sitting and obesity, diabetes, and heart problems. The problem, it seems, is that the
human body has not evolved for this kind of idleness. Consider our primate ancestors, for example: if they were

.
not incredibly active at all times, they would not have survived. Even many humans throughout history had to live
actively—not just as hunters, but as farmers or machinists. Now, as most white-collar jobs involve sitting at a
desk, human bodies aren’t sure what to do with all the free time. And there is a lot of it, with some estimates
showing that the average American is upright and active for only 3 hours of the 24-hour day. This data shows that
the sitting epidemic is not restricted to the workplace:

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?
A) standing desks have become increasingly popular in the American workplace.
B) the sitting done at work accounts for more than half of all sitting on an average day.
C) the average American also eats far too much, sometimes for hours at a time.
D) only
lessabout
than half of all sitting during an average day is done at work.

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13

According to Stafford’s research, one of the most interesting aspects of the sound of the ocean is its
unwillingness to follow any discernible patterns. Stafford’s team found incredible inconsistencies among the
sounds at any particular time of year. This may help to explain the notable inconsistency in whale migrations

.
between 2012-2013 and previous seasons. Recent data shows that it is not at all abnormal for nearly 40 whales to
migrate on a single day when, on average, . This gives some hint to how marine animals are and
will be adapting to climate change in the future. It seems that those with the most flexibility will be those who are
least affected.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?
A) about
only 14 whales would migrate on that same day.
B) most whales would typically migrate in the summer months.
C) many more whales migrate southward every single day.
D) over half that number migrate every day in the coldest winter months.

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14

Today, bed bugs are still mainly considered a nuisance. They cost renters and owners millions of dollars each year
in exterminator fees and infested furniture replacement. But a recent study has shown that we may have a new
reason to worry about the bugs. Now, some research has shown that bed bugs can transmit disease, a practice of
which they were long believed incapable. A study documented in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene showed that bed bugs could transmit Chagas disease between mice,

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) which many objected to as being inhumane.
B) which are often used in laboratory tests.
C) though not in rats, whom they haven’t tested.
D) which is really startling.

The idea of attracting higher-paying shoppers may is the name given to a genre of Algerian
have some in the industry dreaming of outsized profits. popular music. Rooted in Arabic folklore, raï music
However, slow fashion is unlikely to thrive if prices are fuses complex African and Arabic rhythmic patterns,

Circular Systems,
.
out of reach of most customers. By investing in
manufacturing methods such as those developed by
can help reduce the costs
Spanish folk undertones, and American hip-hop and
disco styles to produce unique and compelling songs.
Raï musicians draw on styles and instruments from
associated with slow fashion while building loyalty around the world to explore the themes of home,
among environmentally conscious customers. belonging, and yearning found in the vernacular
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to traditions of folklore.
the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) they the conventions of Standard English?

B) customers A) Raï, an Arabic word that connotes the desire

C) it for free expression,

D) apparel makers B) Raï: an Arabic word that connotes the desire

for free expression,
C) Raï, an Arabic word, that connotes the desire
for free expression,
D) Raï an Arabic word that connotes the desire for
free expression

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Although it employs Western instrumentation, “Ya For years, the popular metaphor for describing forest
Rayah” retains the lyrics of a folklore classic, combining ecosystems was to compare them to arenas of
traditional and contemporary Algerian culture. The unsparing competition, in which trees fought to
lyrics to “Ya Rayah” were written years before Taha was outgrow one another in a battle for light and
born, but they resonated with when Taha resources. While this may be more or less true for
put his spin on the song. “How many travelers before aboveground tree canopies, what occurs belowground
you/Have sought the path with similar results?/ How tells of a more complex and cooperative interaction.
many cities and deserts have I roamed?” the song asks, For example, in 199 observed the exchange of
echoing the timeless raï motifs of wandering and carbon between spruce trees through interlaced root
nostalgic longing. The song’s popularity demonstrates systems known as grafts.
raï’s ability to reference traditional Arabic folklore while Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
remaining relevant to modern-day Algerians. the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to A) biologist Christian Körner
the conventions of Standard English? B) biologist, Christian Körner,

A) Algerians experiencing political conflict C) biologist Christian Körner,

B)
C)
D)
.
Algerians, experiencing political conflict,
Algerians: experiencing political conflict
Algerians experiencing political conflict,
D) biologist, Christian Körner

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From the size of the buttons on the coat to the angle of

Diversity among journalists in the United States must
the pleats on the trousers, nearly every feature of a
increase, Dori Maynard believed, if the industry is
traditional bespoke suit is chosen by the customer. Still,
going to meet ethical obligation to provide a wide
Andrew Ramroop, owner of the Sedwell shop and
audience credible and accurate news. She argued that
founder of the to develop their
a reporter’s cultural background inevitably influences
own style within those constraints. Ramroop is known
his or her perspective on current events. More diversity
for his inventive use of color, especially contrast
in newsrooms will naturally lead to more complete,
stitching in pockets. Adhering to the traditions of the
nuanced, and sensitive news coverage of all
craft is a must, he explains, but your signature style is
communities, specifically communities of color.
what will bring your customers back.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English?
the conventions of Standard English?
A) its’
A) Academy, encourages his students,
B) their
B) Academy, encourages his students
C) its
D) it’s C) Academy encourages his students,
D) Academy encourages his students

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Under Dori Maynard’s leadership, the Maynard By December 1 2001, polar adventurers Liv Arnesen of
Institute trained hundreds of minority reporters. The Norway and Ann Bancroft of Minnesota had skied onto
institute also has helped them get hired and heard. the Polar Plateau, a high, frozen desert stretching for
Many former trainees now for influential 1,000 miles. The first week, strong winds blew daily,
newspapers such as the New York Times and the and the team sailed 210 miles in just five days. For the
Washington Post. Dori Maynard helped show the next five days, there was almost no wind, and
journalism industry that presenting the culturally the pair sailed only 34 miles. No matter how hard the
diverse voices of the United States through inclusive women skied, daily mileage typically depended upon
news stories written by people of color is vital for social wind direction and intensity.
justice. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
the conventions of Standard English? A) accordingly,
A) reports B) otherwise,
B) works as a reporter C) consequently,

C) is reporting D) however,
D) report
.
Some people believe bats are rodents; others think The Free Speech Movement changed campus life in the
bats are a kind of bird. Although winged, bats are not United States. It made a powerful case for the students’
related to birds, a bat’s small, furry body may right to freedom of speech. popularized the
appear mouselike, bats are not rodents either. Rather, Sit-in as a protest tactic and became a model for
bats are a unique order of mammals called Chiroptera, student rallies and protests across the country. As for
the only mammals that can truly fly. Mario Savio, he went on to earn a master’s degree in
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to physics.
the conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) because even if transition?

B) whether A) It also
C) and although B) For this reason, it
D) seeing as C) However, it
D) It thus

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Even if you love the vibrant life of the city, you probably still love to come home to a nice, quiet spot. Even the

busiest lives need some calm once in a while for some of life’s basic, private tasks. In fact, this doesn’t only

describe human lives. While untouched nature is usually prized for the way it looks—its greenery, scurrying

animals, and placidity—nature is actually just as much characterized by the way it sounds. when we build

highways through thriving natural habitats, we don’t just change the way they look.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) Thus,

B) Thence,

C) Whereas,

D) This being so,

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

.
● Muckrakers were journalists who sought to expose corruption in US institutions during the Progressive
Era (1897–1920).

● Ida Tarbell was a muckraker who investigated the Standard Oil Company.
● She interviewed Standard Oil Company executives, oil industry workers, and public officials.
● She examined thousands of pages of the company’s internal communications, including letters and
financial records.
● Her book The History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) exposed the company’s unfair business
practices.
The student wants to emphasize the thoroughness of Ida Tarbell’s investigation of the Standard Oil Company.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Ida Tarbell not only interviewed Standard Oil executives, oil industry workers, and public officials but also
examined thousands of pages of the company’s internal communications.

B) As part of her investigation of the Standard Oil Company, muckraker Ida Tarbell conducted interviews.
C) Published in 1904, muckraker Ida Tarbell’s book The History of the Standard Oil Company exposed the
company’s unfair business practices.
D) Ida Tarbell, who investigated the Standard Oil Company, was a muckraker (a journalist who sought to
expose corruption in US institutions during the Progressive Era, 1897–1920).

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27

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 1971, experimental musician Pauline Oliveros created Sonic Meditations.
● Sonic Meditations is not music but rather a series of sound-based exercises called meditations.
● Each meditation consists of instructions for participants to make, imagine, listen to, or remember
sounds.

● The instructions for Meditation V state, “walk so silently that the bottoms of your feet become ears.”
● Those for Meditation XVIII state, “listen to a sound until you no longer recognize it.”
The student wants to provide an explanation and an example of Oliveros’s Sonic Meditations. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Sonic Meditations is not music but rather a series of sound-based meditations that consist of
instructions; Meditation XVIII, for instance, instructs participants to “listen to a sound until you no longer
recognize it.”
B) While both meditations consist of instructions, Meditation XVIII instructs participants to “listen,” whereas
Meditation V instructs participants to “walk.”
C) In 1971, Oliveros created Sonic Meditations, a series of meditations that consist of instructions for

.
participants to make, imagine, listen to, or remember sounds.
D) “Walk so silently that the bottoms of your feet become ears” is one example of the instructions found in
Oliveros’s Sonic Meditations.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to

any other module in the test.

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Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

.
In August 1940, Hedy Lamarr met composer George Antheil, and the two began collaborating. Antheil, who
had synchronized player pianos for his compositions, had the mechanical knowledge that Lamarr needed to
_____ her idea. Then in 1942, the inventors heard that the Navy had rejected their idea. They submitted the

“Secret Communication System” to the military in June 1941.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) instigate
B) implement
C) discharge
D) Uphold

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Scientists have previously argued about whether the extinction was caused by the asteroid or by volcanic

activity in the Deccan Traps in India, where there were a series of super volcanic eruptions that lasted

approximately 1.5 million years. These eruptions spewed 1,100,000 km3 of basalt lava across the Deccan

Traps, which would have been enough to fill the Black Sea twice, and were thought to have caused a cooling

of the atmosphere and acid rain on a global scale.

As used in the text, what does the word “spewed” most nearly mean?

A) conflagrated

B) disgorged

C) exhumed

D) siphoned

Ochoa was first for her research. Her most To anyone who has ever the truth-value of

.
notable contribution is an optical system that can
detect defects in a repeating pattern. Her first patent
came in 1987 for a special camera that could correct in
these advertisements (or of advertisements in
general), the researchers’ findings are probably
not surprising. The researchers found that a mere

real time. Rather than using digital technology, which 18% of the claims made in these advertisements

can operate neither quickly nor accurately enough in were true. 23% of the claims were classified as

space missions, Ochoa’s optical analysis device uses “outright lies.” 42% were considered too vague to

laser light technology. The technology operates on classify.

electromagnetic wavelengths and produces Which choice completes the text with the most

instantaneous hologram images that are themselves logical and precise word or phrase?

incorporated into the final image output. A) believed

Which choice completes the text with the most logical B) pondered

and precise word or phrase? C) questioned

A) reveal D) skepticized

B) reverent
C) referred
D) revered

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These findings are good for a laugh, but they may have Great as the blessings of the Panama Canal will be

more serious implications as well. Although everyone to the trade of the world and to that of the United
knows that the Food and Drug Administration can States in particular, we must not let the new
what goes into food and drugs, what is less known is
markets which it will develop beyond the Isthmus
that the FDA can also punish false advertising claims.
make us forget that region so rich in possibilities
That sizable 23% that is telling “outright lies” may have
which lies this side of the continental divided and
a federal agency investigating its claims, and these
investigations may result in significant fines and so much nearer our own markets. Friendship

lawsuits. without
with near neighbors is no less important than
Which choice completes the text with the most logical the good will of people over a wide sea.
and precise word or phrase?
As used in the text, what does the word
A) reign
“friendship” most nearly mean?
B) regulate
C) name A) affection

B) fondness
D) administrate

.
C) collusion

D) cooperation

Sometimes it really is about the journey rather than the destination. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, an
early Spanish explorer and conquistador, died believing that he had failed in his mission, but his pursuit of
that mission has been just as significant to history as it would have been had he achieved his goal.
Coronado’s experience is an excellent window into the difficulty of assessing the Spanish explorers, wherein
we can see the blurring of the line between hero and villain. In much the same way that Columbus is still
praised as being the “discoverer” of the United States but reviled for the atrocities he against the
native populations, Coronado presents a historical challenge.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) eviscerated
B) did
C) committed
D) manifested

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It is remarkable that it is so common for cells from one individual to integrate into the tissues of another

distinct person. We are accustomed to thinking of ourselves as singular autonomous individuals, and these

foreign cells seem to believe

belie that notion and suggest that most people carry remnants of other individuals.

As remarkable as this may be, stunning results from a new study show that cells from other individuals are

also found in the brain.

As used in the text, what does the word “autonomous” most nearly mean?

A) self-governing

B) reliant

C) independent

D) sovereign

This following text is adapted from Rober Martone, “Scientists Discover Children’s Cells Living in Mothers’
Brains,” in Scientific American (December 4, 2014).

.
Microchimerism most commonly results from the exchange of cells across the placenta during pregnancy;

however, there is also evidence that cells may be transferred from mother to infant through nursing. In

addition to exchange of cells between twins in utero, and there is also the possibility that cells from an older

sibling residing in the mother may find their way back across the placenta to a younger sibling during the

latter’s gestation. Women may have microchimeric cells both from their mothers as well as from their own

pregnancies, and there is evidence for competition between cells from grandmother and infant within the

mother.

According to the text, why non-twin siblings may have some cells in common?

A) Because they share at least the mother’s half of their genetic makeup.

B) Because they are present for one another’s significant illnesses.

C) Because they are less likely to suffer from the memory disorders that afflict the elderly.

D) Because they may have exchanged unique cells as the younger sibling was in the womb.

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10

On May 7, 1933 Franklin Roosevelt gave a “fireside chat” to the American public over the new technology of

radio. The “chats”, as the name implies, were intended as simplified versions and explanations of the

challenges facing the country at the time. Roosevelt’s primary purpose in this speech is to reassure the

public about the efficacy and appropriateness of actions the government has taken:

Which quotation from the speech most effectively illustrates the claim?

A) “On a Sunday night a week after my Inauguration I used the radio to tell you about the banking

crisis and the measures we were taking to meet it. I think that in that way I made clear to the

country various facts that might otherwise have been misunderstood and in general provided a

means of understanding which did much to restore confidence.”

B) “These institutions, because of their great needs, were foreclosing mortgages, calling loans,

refusing credit. Thus there was actually in process of destruction the property of millions of people

who had borrowed money on that property in terms of dollars which had had an entirely different

value from the level of March, 1933.”

.
C) “I am going to be honest at all times with the people of the country.”

D) “We are working toward a definite goal, which is to prevent the return of conditions which came

very close to destroying what we call modern civilization. The actual accomplishment of our

purpose cannot be attained in a day. Our policies are wholly within purposes for which our

American Constitutional Government was established 150 years ago.”

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Howard Gardner, one of the leading psychologists, has written extensively about artistry, originality, and

mastery. In 1982, he published Art, Mind and Brain. In the book, Gardner indicates that the cognitive

revolution he describes was a motivation for his exploration of creativity and structuralism:

Which quotation from “Art, Mind and Brain” most effectively illustrates the claim?

A) “Such lines of study bore little evident relationship to human beings engaged in thought.”

B) “Second, there was a demonstration by several researchers that human thought processes were

characterized by considerable regularity and structure.”

C) “Many of us where studying the behavioral sciences in the 1960s were swept up—and have

remained inspired—by this revolution.”

D) “For some, the appeal lay in computer programming and artificial intelligence—the design of

machines that display intelligence.”

.
Crime stories are as old as narrative itself. Some of the earliest texts we have center on questions of murder,

theft, and other transgressions. Still, while people often remember the crimes and criminals themselves,

typically these stories will revolve around a separate issue: guilt and innocence. Courtroom dramas in our

own day attest to this correlative fascination. . Morris’s story takes up the real-life case of Randall

Dale Adams, a man from Ohio who would be convicted of the murder of a Texas police officer. Although the

evidence in the trial was thin, Adams was sentenced to life in prison.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) The most famous courtroom drama of all time is probably To Kill a Mockingbird.

B) Errol Morris has made many interesting films throughout his career.

C) We all have our fascinations in life, and there’s usually some TV show that lines up with these

fascinations.

D) One of the great modern examples of such a fascination is Errol Morris’s famous documentary The

Thin Blue Line (1988).

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13

Ochoa’s career at NASA has been every bit as illustrious as one would expect. In 2013, she became the first
person of Hispanic descent and the second woman to become director of NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Her
second patent came in 1989, for a device that identifies the positional coordinates of objects with a new kind
of precision, the kind required in military operations. The device, which is characterized by its almost exact
precision, uses the light and movement data to compute a specific spatial coefficient. The images produced
by this device allow a mathematical precision that digital photography simply cannot provide. This invention
has had popular applications as well,

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) including advances in face-recognition technology and airport-security scanning devices.
B) though scientists can sometimes be less interested in popular applications than in scientific
soundness.

C) but popular is a relative term when you’re talking about high-level, complex scientific discoveries.
D) which is not to say that people were sitting around reading the patent for fun or anything.

.
Ellen Ochoa was born in Los Angeles, CA, in 1958. She did her primary schooling in La Mesa, and went on to
get a bachelor’s degree in physics from San Diego State University. She earned a Ph.D. from Stanford in
electrical engineering in 1981.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) San Diego State University is a good school, but Stanford is a truly great research institution.
B) Despite her fairly conventional beginnings, Ochoa has gone on to become one of the most revered
Hispanic women in science.
C) Ochoa is a fairly common surname for celebrities: Guillermo Ochoa is a soccer player, Amparo a
singer, and Lorena a golfer.

D) On average, it takes approximately five years to earn a doctorate in electrical engineering.

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Imagine you’re texting someone, and the two of you Deep below the mountains of central Vietnam lies
get into a heated debate. They correct our spelling. what could be described another world.

Finally, to prove your point once and for all, you write a Located in Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, the

voluminous, paragraph-long text, only to see that your enormous Hang Son Doong (“Mountain River
interlocutor has responded, “TL; DR.” Now, you might Cave”) is believed to be the largest cave in the

know that this means “too long, didn’t read,” but what world. Son Doong is part of a system of 150 caves
if you don’t? Well, Urban Dictionary can save the day. that snake beneath the ground throughout the

Just type the phrase into Google and see what turns region.
. Dictionaries have a way of showing up in every Which choice completes the text so that it
facet of our digital lives. They translate pages in conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

foreign languages. They define words that we think we A) as:

know and those we’ve never heard of. Dictionaries are B) as—
everywhere. C) as

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to D) as,

the conventions of Standard English?
A)
B)
C)
down
in
back
.
D) up

Newborns are immersed in language. first attempts at speech generate excited responses from
adults who encourage and guide the children toward more precise and complex speech. Teachers provide
in-depth language understanding, and children are rewarded for improving their communication skills.
Based on these realizations, Dr. Shinichi Suzuki developed a unique approach to violin studies. His program
has since grown into an internationally acclaimed philosophy of music education.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) Babies
B) Baby’s
C) Babys
D) Babies’

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At first glance, Jane Mt. Pleasant’s garden plots look a total mess. The ground - covered with
old leaves. Beans hang on the cornstalks, and squash vines sprawl everywhere. But this apparent chaos is
the subject of scientific research. Mt. Pleasant’s gardens are modeled on those grown by the Iroquois and
other Native people. The data the gardens are yielding may provide evidence to support the use of old
methods to improve modern agriculture.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) being bumpy with mounds and
B) was bumpy with mounds and is
C) is bumpy with mounds and
D) bumpy with mounds and

A Cornell University agronomist and an Iroquois The movie Dracula, with its batlike title character

herself, Jane Mt. Pleasant questions some of modern who feeds on human blood, is just one of many

.
agriculture’s practices, and her concern is shared by sources of people’s erroneous ideas about bats.
others. Many farmers and agronomists believe that the
The facts about bats are the
recent boom in crop fueled by the
falsehoods. Just taken three of the most common
intensive use of farmland and increased dependence
misconceptions about bats: that they are
on herbicides and pesticides—has come with hidden
costs. Soil erosion and pollution have put our food dangerous to humans, that they are rodents, and

supply and our health at risk. that they cannot see.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it
the conventions of Standard English? conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) production in the last few years — A) more interesting than
B) production of late —
B) of more interesting then
C) production lately —
C) the most interesting than
D) production —
D) more interesting then

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Our technologically advanced times From ancient Babylonian astronomers who

filmmakers to create spectacular science fiction films associated the planet Mars with their war god

to intrigue us with worlds beyond our experience. Negral, to twentieth-century science fiction writers
Imagine the excitement in 1902 when audiences first who penned spine-tingling stories of “little green

saw Le Voyage dans la lune (A Trip to the Moon), a men from Mars,” this planet has often been a

groundbreaking movie produced by Georges Méliès. symbol of ill will and danger. Today, such negative

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to associations seem to be dissipating. By 2003, the

the conventions of Standard English? National Aeronautics and Space Administration

A) has allowed (NASA) had sent thirty spacecraft to the red

B) have allowed planet, that a human voyage may no

C) allows longer be the stuff of fiction. Although few would

D) was allowing deny that the idea of a human mission to Mars is

exciting, who is ready to pay for such an
expedition?
Which choice completes the text so that it

.
conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A) speculation has been prompted

B) to which speculation has prompted
C) prompting speculation
D) which is speculation

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Sending machines unaccompanied by humans to Mars There are some 45,000 electricity-generating wind
does drain some of the romance out of age-old visions turbines in the United States, and the task of
of space travel. we need to keep in mind
repairing and maintaining these huge machines
that the right equipment can accomplish as much as
represents a substantial undertaking. Ladders
any crew of scientists, if not more—at a fraction of the
inside the towers simplify access to the generators
cost. Before any astronaut boards a spacecraft for that
and controllers within the turbine housing.
distant planet, the staggering expense of such a
mission should be carefully considered. servicing the turbine blades—those long

Which choice completes the text with the most logical fiberglass vanes that slice through the air—is a
transition? serious challenge.
A) In other words, Which choice completes the text with the most
B) For that reason alone,
logical transition?
C) In that time frame,
A) In contrast,
D) Even so,
B) Likewise,

.
C) Instantly,

D) First,

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While this has obvious ramifications for the “outright Whatever the job, safety is the first priority.
lies,” what can the FDA do with that much larger share Technicians work in pairs, and they don’t climb in

of “too vague” claims? These may be safe for the high winds, extreme temperature, or
simple reason that they are too vague to be disproven. precipitation. there’s lightning within thirty
Whatever the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may miles, the technicians stay on the ground.
decide to do, this research should still remind Precautions such as these, along with rigorous

consumers about the potential perils of trusting the procedures and training, make the job quite safe.
word of advertisers. the claims are often Which choice completes the text with the most

harmless, but consumers want to believe that they are logical transition?
giving their hard-earned money to trustworthy A) Whether
organizations. B) So that
Which choice completes the text with the most logical C) Unless
transition? D) If

A) Thus,
B) On the other hand,
C)
D)
True,

.
Nevertheless,

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Started in 1925, the Scripps National Spelling Bee is a US-based spelling competition.
● The words used in the competition have diverse linguistic origins.
● In 2008, Sameer Mishra won by correctly spelling the word “guerdon.”
● “Guerdon” derives from the Anglo-French word “guerdun.”
● In 2009, Kavya Shivashankar won by correctly spelling the word “Laodicean.”
● “Laodicean” derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”
The student wants to emphasize a difference in the origins of the two words. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) “Guerdon,” the final word of the 2008 Scripps National Spelling Bee, is of Anglo-French origin, while
the following year’s final word, “Laodicean,” derives from ancient Greek.
B) In 2008, Sameer Mishra won the Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling the word
“guerdon”; however, the following year, Kavya Shivashankar won based on spelling the word
“Laodicean.”
C) Kavya Shivashankar won the 2009 Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling “Laodicean,”

.
which derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”
D) The Scripps National Spelling Bee uses words from diverse linguistic origins, such as “guerdon” and
“Laodicean.”

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

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Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

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A certain university offers courses that are either 3 The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3. What is the 𝑦
credits or 4 credits per course each semester. A student -intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?
registered for a total of 16 credits for the fall semester. A) (0, − 3)
Which equation represents the possible number of B) (0, − 1)
3- credit courses, 𝑥, and 4-credit courses, 𝑦, that the C) (0, 1)
student could have registered for? D) (0, 3)

A) 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 7
B) 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 16
C) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7
D) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16

.
In the figure shown, right triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is similar to
right triangle 𝐸𝐷𝐶, where ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 is congruent to ∠𝐸𝐶𝐷
The graph shown models the monthly revenue, in and 𝐴𝐸 = 15. What is the length of 𝐶𝐸?
millions of dollars, for a particular marketing company
A) 4
from June 2009 through October 2010. According to B) 5
the model, which of the following is closest to this C) 8
company’s monthly revenue, in millions of dollars, for D) 10
June 2009?

A) 8.5
B) 22.5
C) 62
D) 100

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Which polynomial is equivalent to If 3𝑥 − 9 = 6, what is the value of 2𝑥? => 10

4 4 2
(12𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 18) + (6𝑥 + 13𝑥 + 7𝑥 − 9)?
3
A) (18𝑥 8 + 13𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 9)
B) 8
(18𝑥 + 18 + 25𝑥 − 9)
C) 4 2
(18𝑥 + 13𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 9)
2
D)
4
(18𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 25𝑥 − 9)

The equation 𝑦 = 𝑥+𝑤

𝑧
relates the positive numbers 2
𝑥 −9=4
𝑤, 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧. Which equation correctly expresses 𝑥 in What is the positive solution to the given equation?
terms of 𝑤, 𝑦, and 𝑧?

A) 𝑥 = 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑤
B) 𝑥 = 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑤
C) 𝑥 = 𝑧

𝑤𝑦

.
D) 𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑧𝑤

𝑔(𝑥) =− 0. 038𝑥 + 2. 136

The given linear function 𝑔 models the annual percentage increase in the population of India 𝑥 years after 1990.
What is the best interpretation of 𝑔(20) = 1. 376 in this context?
A) 1.376 years after 1990, the percentage increase in the population of India was 20% over the previous
year.

B) 1.376 years after 1990, India’s population was approximately 20 times its population in 1990.
C) 20 years after 1990, the percentage increase in the population of India was 1.376% over the previous
year.

D) 20 years after 1990, India’s population was approximately 1.376 times its population in 1990.

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𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐)

For the quadratic function 𝑓 shown, 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are constants. For the graph of the 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑦-plane, the
quadratic function f opens upward, and the coordinates of its vertex are both negative. Which of the following
could be true?

A) 𝑎 < 0, 𝑏 < 0, 𝑐 < 0

B) 𝑎 < 0, 𝑏 > 0, 𝑐 > 0
C) 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 < 0, 𝑐 < 0
D) 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 > 0, 𝑐 > 0

2𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 2 |2𝑥 + 6| + 4 = 8

2(2𝑥 + 𝑦) = 20 What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?

How many solutions does the given system of A) −6

.
B) −3
equations have?

A) Zero C) 0
B) Exactly one D) 8
C) Exactly two
D) Infinitely many

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The shaded region shown represents the solutions to which inequality?

A) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤− 3
B) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 ≥− 3
C) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 3

D) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3

The graph shown models the height 𝑦, in feet, of a volleyball 𝑥 seconds after it was hit by a player. Which equation
represents the relationship between the height of the volleyball and the time since the volleyball was hit?
A) 𝑦 =− 16𝑥 + 5
2

2
B) 𝑦 =− 16(𝑥 − 5)
2
C) 𝑦 =− 16(𝑥 − 0. 86)
2
D) 𝑦 =− 16(𝑥 − 0. 25) + 6

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Line 𝑝 is defined by 2𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 9. Line 𝑟 is

perpendicular to line 𝑝 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. What is the
slope of line 𝑟?

Trapezoid A and trapezoid B shown are similar. The

length of each side of trapezoid A is 8 times the length
of the corresponding side of trapezoid B. The area of
trapezoid A is how many times as large as the area of
trapezoid B?

A) 8
B) 16
C) 32

.
D) 64

The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (− 8)(6) 𝑥 − 4 . What Which of the following expressions is equivalent to
is the -intercept of the graph of in the 2 , where and ?
2𝑞 3
𝑦 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥𝑦 ( + 2𝑟) 𝑞>0 𝑟 <0
-plane? 3
A) (2𝑞 + 2𝑟)
A) (0, − 12)
B) 3
2𝑞 + 2𝑟
B) (0, − 8)
C)
3
2𝑞 + 2 𝑞𝑟 + 2𝑟
C) (0, − 4)
D)
3
2𝑞 + 4 𝑞𝑟 + 2𝑟
D) (0, 6)

If
2𝑥
−2= 𝑥 + 1, what is the value of 2𝑥? Points A and B lie on a circle with radius 4 meters, and
3 3
arc 𝐴𝐵 has length meters. The length of arc 𝐴𝐵
4π
5

What fraction of the circumference of the circle?

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Over a period of one year, two points on opposite sides If 7(𝑥 − 3) = 2(𝑥 − 3), what is the value of (𝑥 − 3)?
of a mid-ocean ridge moved a distance of 4
centimeters farther apart. What is this distance, in
meters? (1 meter = 100 centimeters)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

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A limestone stalactite grew in length at a rate of of a

1
It is estimated that humans begin REM sleep 90
8
minutes after falling asleep. Based on this estimate, millimeter per year. At this rate, how many years would

how many seconds after falling asleep do humans it take for this stalactite to grow a total of 4.0

begin REM sleep? millimeters?

A) 3,600
B) 5,400
C) 8,100
D) 9,000

The function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 2. What is the

value of 𝑔(− 3)?

A) − 1
4
B) − 5
For line segment 𝐴𝐶 shown, the length of line segment

.
4
𝐵𝐶 is 2 times the length of line segment 𝐴𝐵. Which
C) − 10
equation represents this situation?
D) − 14
A) 𝑥 + 2 = 20
B) 𝑥 + 2 = 2
C) 𝑥 − 2 = 20
D) 2𝑥 = 20

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Two people sweep the floor. The table gives their sweeping rates, in square yards per minute ( 𝑦𝑑2/𝑚𝑖𝑛)

Person Rate

Jeremy 12

Eric 16

If each person sweeps the floor for 5 minutes, how much greater of an area, in square yards, does Eric sweep
than Jeremy?

A) 20
B) 60
C) 80
D) 140

Which expression is equivalent to 𝑥4 (3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 8) ?

4 2

.
A) 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 8
5 4
B)
6
3𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 8𝑥
5 4
C)
8
3𝑥 + 9𝑥 − 8𝑥
D) 12𝑥2 + 936 − 32

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10 The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4. What is the

𝑥−𝑦 =4 𝑦-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

The solution to the given system of equations is (𝑥, 𝑦). A) (0, 4)

What is value of 2𝑥? B) (0, 2)

C) (0, − 2)
D) (0, − 4)

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The area, in square inches, of a certain right triangle is

given by the equation 𝐴 = 1 2𝑏(2𝑏), where 𝑏 is the
length, in inches, of one of the legs of the triangle.
Which expression represents the length, in inches, of
the shortest leg of the triangle?

A)
1
2 𝑏
B) 𝑏
A company manufactures picture frames. The figure C) 2𝑏
shows a frame with a shaded border of width 𝑥 inches D) 2𝑏
2

(in) and inside dimensions of 10 in by 18 in. The area of

the shaded border is 128 square in. What is the value
of 𝑥?

Larry is training for a half marathon by going on a long Which quadratic equation has no real solutions?

.
2
run every Saturday. He will run 3 miles on the first A) 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 4 = 0
2
Saturday of his training. Each Saturday after the first, B) 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
he will run 2 more miles than he ran on the preceding C) 2
2𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 4 = 0
Saturday. Which of the following equations represents D) 2𝑥2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
the number of miles 𝑚 Larry will run on the 𝑛the
Saturday of his training?

A) 𝑚 = 2𝑛 + 3
B) 𝑚 = 2𝑛 + 1
C) 𝑚 = 2𝑛 − 1
𝑛
D) 𝑚 = 2 + 3

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Distribution of Enrollment at a University by School in

2010 and 2011

In the figure above, △𝐴𝐵𝐶 and △𝐵𝐶𝐷 are right

triangles, 𝐴𝐷 = 8 and 𝐵𝐷 = 6. What is the length of 𝐷𝐶

The segmented bar graph above shows the distribution

of students at a university by school in 2010 and 2011.
There were 10,000 students enrolled at the university
in 2010. If there were 3,000 more students enrolled at
the School of Engineering in 2011 than in 2010, which

.
of the following best approximates the increase in the
total number of students enrolled at the university
from 2010 to 2011?

A) 2,000
B) 3,000
C) 4,000
D) 5,000

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A model of how information spreads estimates that The variables 𝑥 and 𝑦 are related such that each time 𝑥
every hour the number of people who have heard increases by 3, 𝑦 decreases by 4. If 𝑦 = 8 when 𝑥 = 0,
1
2
the information increases by 75%. Which equation which of the following equations expresses the
represents this model when 30 people initially hear the relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦?
information, where 𝑦 is the approximate number of A) 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 8
people who have heard the information 𝑥 hours after B) 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 =− 32
the information is initially heard? C) 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 32

A) 𝑦 = 30(1. 75)
2𝑥
D) 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 24
𝑥

B) 𝑦 = 30(1. 75) 2

2𝑥
C) 𝑦 = 75(1. 5)
𝑥

D) 𝑦 = 75(1. 5) 2

− 7𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3

− 17𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 3 .
How many solutions does the given system of equations have?
A) Zero
B) Exactly one
C) Exactly two
D) Infinitely many

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The graph shown models Earth’s approximate internal temperature

𝑇, in degrees Celsius (℃), in terms of the depth 𝑑, in kilometers (km), below Earth’s surface. The coordinates of
five points on the graph are also shown.

Which statement is the best interpretation of point B in this context?

A) The approximate internal temperature 2,800 km below Earth’s surface is 2,200℃.
B) The approximate internal temperature 2,200 km below Earth’s surface is 2,800℃.

.
C) From Earth’s surface to 2,800 km below Earth’s surface, the approximate internal temperature increases
by 2,200℃ per kilometer of depth.
D) From Earth’s surface to 2,200 km below Earth’s surface, the approximate internal temperature increases
by 2,800℃ per kilometer of depth.

The graph of
2 2
𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6𝑦 − 5 = 0 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane is a circle. What point (𝑥, 𝑦) is the center of this circle?
A) (5, − 3)
B) (10, − 6)
C) (25, 9)
D) (100, 36)

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The surface area of a cube is 24 square meters. What is

the volume, in cubic meters, of the cube?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 64
D) 144

Of the following, which best models the data in the

scatterplot shown?
𝑥
A) 𝑦 = 1. 6(0. 5)
𝑥
B) 𝑦 = 1. 6(1. 5)
𝑥
C) 𝑦 = 0. 5(0. 6)
𝑥
D) 𝑦 = 0. 5(1. 6)

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A small business will purchase thermoses and mugs to advertise the business. The thermoses cost $5 each, the
mugs cost $2 each, and the business will spend $200 on this purchase. The purchase can be modeled by the
equation 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 200, where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the number of thermoses and mugs, respectively. Which graph
represents this situation?

A) B)

.
C) D)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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PRACTICE

TEST 4

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Practice Test 4

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

Health scientists have a ne w warni ng: “sitting is t he new smoking .” However

Yes , exesssive sitting and stillness,

particularly when it is interrupted sedentary, can have terrible consequences for health. Indeed, now that many
Americans have accepted the health risks of smoking and away from that deadly pastime, researchers worry
that the sedentary lifestyle of many Americans may have replaced smoking as a national health risk. This may
sound odd because everyone has to sit at some point, whether at a job, in class, or in a car.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) puffed
B) run
C) fired
D) veered

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Literary critic Kenneth Lincoln identifies the change and outlines a kind of historical timeline in his 1983 book
Native American Renaissance. Throughout the nineteenth century, Native Americans were systematically
eradicated throughout all parts of the growing United States. Much of their with white Americans came in
the form of military campaigns. When the wars subsided, the American government started a similarly cruel
program of assimilation, often involving the movement of Native American children from their homes to “Indian
schools” that sought to remove any trace of tribal inheritance.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) repartee
B) contact
C) chatting
D) badinage

This text is excerpted from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, originally published in 1818.

.
One sudden and desolating change had taken place; but a thousand little circumstances might have by degrees

worked other alterations, which, although they were done more tranquilly, might not be the less decisive. Fear

overcame me; I dared no advance, dreading a thousand nameless evils that made me tremble, although I was

unable to define them. I remained in Lausanne for two days, in this painful state of mind.

Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the overall structure of the text?

A) The narrator fears a natural disaster and its aftermath.

B) The narrator dreads the effects of a devastating incident.

C) The narrator knows he could have stopped a tragedy.

D) The narrator has incited a revolution to take down the government.

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This text is from Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, originally published in 1849. Robert Moore is a mill owner and
Reverend Helstone is the local parson.
Cheerfulness, it would appear, is a matter which depends fully as much on the state of things within as on the

state of things without and around us. I make this trite remark because I happen to know that Messrs. Helstone

and Moore trotted forth from the mill-yard gates, at the head of their very small company, in the best possible

spirits. When a ray from a lantern (the three pedestrians of the party carried each one) fell on Mr. Moore’s face,

you could see unusual, because a lively, spark dancing in his eyes, and a new-found vivacity mantling on his dark

physiognomy; and when the rector’s visage was illuminated, his hard features were revealed all again and shine

with glee. Yet a drizzling night, a somewhat perilous expedition, you would think were not circumstances

calculated to enliven those exposed to the wet and engaged in the adventure.

Which choice best describes the function of the first sentence in the overall structure of the text?

A) To show the contrast between the clergymen’s cheerfulness and the narrator’s gloom.

B) To provide an allegorical representation of the clergymen's journey.

C) To issue a general statement that helps to clarify the characters’ emotional states.

D)
.
To characterize the narrator’s perspective on the characters’ violent intentions.

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Text 1
This text is adapted from a speech delivered by James Kent to the New York Constitutional Convention in 1821.
We are no longer to remain plain and simple republics of farmers, like the New England colonists, or the Dutch

settlements on the Hudson. We are fast becoming a great nation, with great commerce, manufacturers,

population, wealth, luxuries, and with the vices and miseries that they engender. One seventh of the population

of the city of Paris at this day subsists on charity, and one third of the inhabitants of that city die in the hospitals;

what would become such a city with universal suffrage?

Text 2
This text is adapted from a speech delivered by David Buel to the New York Constitutional Convention in 1821.
The farmers in this country will always outnumber all other portions of our population. Admitting that the

increase of our cities, and especially of our commercial metropolis, will be as great as it has been hitherto; it is not

to be doubted that the agricultural population will increase in the same proportion. The city population will never

be able to depress that of the country. New York has always contained about a tenth part of the population of the

state, and will probably always bear a similar proportion. Can she, with such a population, under any

.
circumstances, render the property of the vast population of the country insecure?

According to the texts, which statement best describes how Kent would most likely react to Buel’s remarks in Text

2?

A) Kent would argue that farmers are too often out of touch with the nation’s rapidly changing commercial

needs.

B) Kent would complain that people who perform part-time labor drain the government’s limited pool of

resources and should not be allowed to run for office.

C) Kent would assert that, regardless of the number of farmers, the nonagricultural economy will now

define the character of the nation.

D) Kent would point out that, because the nation’s founders were wealthy, the principles they supported

naturally favor professions that are more lucrative than agriculture.

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This text is excerpted from Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, originally published in 1818.
Night also closed around; and when I could hardly see the dark mountains, I felt still more gloomily. The picture

appeared a vast and dim scene of evil, and I foresaw obscurely that I was destined to become the most wretched

of human beings. Alas! I prophesied truly, and failed only in one single circumstance, that in all the misery I

imagined and dreaded, I did not conceive the hundredth part of the anguish I was destined to endure. It was

completely dark when I arrived in the environs of Geneva; the gates of the town were already shut; and I was

obliged to pass the night at Secheron, a village at the distance of half a league from the city. The sky was serene;

and, as I was unable to rest, I resolved to visit the spot where my poor William had been murdered.

According to the text, which emotion does the narrator most feel?

A) He feels joy at returning home.

B) He feels antagonism for the daemon.

C) He feels dread concerning his fate.

D) He feels sorrow over William’s death

his friend’s death
.

.
This following text is adapted from Rober Martone, “Scientists Discover Children’s Cells Living in Mothers’ Brains,”
in Scientific American (December 4, 2014).
It is remarkable that it is so common for cells from one individual to integrate into the tissues of another distinct

person. We are accustomed to thinking of ourselves as singular autonomous individuals, and these foreign cells

seem to believe
belie that notion and suggest that most people carry remnants of other individuals. As remarkable as

this may be, stunning results from a new study show that cells from other individuals are also found in the brain.

In this study, male cells were found in the brains of women and had been living there, in some cases, for several

decades. What impact they may have had is now only a guess, but this study revealed that these cells were less

common in the brains of women who had Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting they may be related to the health of

the brain.

According to the text, what is one potential outcome of a woman’s brain containing dormant male cells?

A) Women with such cells may be less susceptible to memory disorders.

B) Women with such cells are less likely to suffer from immune disorders.

C) Women with such cells tend to be more aggressive and physically stronger.

D) Women with such cells are more likely to live with men for several decades at a time.

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This text is adapted from Plastic: A Toxic Love Story by Susan Freinkel (Ⓒ2011 by Susan Freinkel)

There was another reason designers embraced plastics. From the mid-twentieth century on, modern design has

been guided by an egalitarian gospel, a belief that good design needn’t cost a lot of money, that even the most

mundane items could be things of beauty. “Get the most of the best to the most for the least” was the way Ray

and Carles Eames put it in their famous tongue-twisting credo. Plastics were the ideal medium for that mission:

malleable, relatively inexpensive, and made for mass manufacture. What is the text’s main idea?

A) Plastics appealed to a prevailing philosophy of providing great design to many people for a low cost.

B) Plastics quickly became popular enough to inspire a number of famous credos and advertising slogans.

C) Plastics created a challenge for designers, who were not used to working with such a malleable material.

D) Plastics inspired an artistic movement whose members prized mundane objects rather than beautiful

ones.

.
Black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are a nutritionally dense food, but they are difficult to digest in part because o f
their high levels of soluble fiber and compounds like raffinose. They also contain antinutrients like tannins and
trypsin inhibitors, which interfere with the body’s ability to extract nutrients from foods. In a research article,
Marisela Granito and Glenda Álvarez from Simón Bolívar University in Venezuela claim that inducing fermentation
black beans using lactic acid bacteria improves the digestibility of the beans and makes them more nutritious.

Which finding from Granito and Álvarez’s research, if true, would most directly support their claim?
A) When cooked, fermented beans contained significantly more trypsin inhibitors and tannins but
significantly less soluble fiber and raffinose than non fermented beans.
B) Fermented beans contained significantly less soluble fiber and raffinose than non fermented beans, and
when cooked, the fermented beans also displayed a significant reduction in trypsin inhibitors and
tannins.
C) When the fermented beans were analyzed, they were found to contain two microorganisms,
Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum, that are theorized to increase the amount of nitrogen
absorbed by the gut after eating beans.
D) Both fermented and non fermented black beans contained significantly fewer trypsin inhibitors and
tannins after being cooked at high pressure.

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10

Factories, cars, and other heavy machinery perform analogous functions on a much larger scale. Because of the
heavy output from this wide variety of industrial sources, the earth’s atmosphere is bombarded. This excess
carbon dioxide creates what is known as a greenhouse effect, wherein heat enters the atmosphere but not all of

.
it leaves. CO2 does not absorb heat energy from the sun, but where the compound is concerned, it’s always
absorbing heat energy released from the earth. Here’s the problem: while the carbon dioxide can release some of
that heat into space, it also releases some back to the earth, creating a kind of self-perpetuating cycle of rising
temperatures. Since 1960, carbon dioxide has increased at a steady rate, .

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?
A) as temperatures have increased along exactly the same curve.
B) but the temperatures have shown no general increase despite the rising CO2 levels.
C) whereas the temperature changes peaked in 1989 for no apparent reason.
D) and although temperatures have fluctuated, those have generally increased as well.

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As the graph shows, this in part explains why the sloth has a body temperature approximately five degrees

.
Celsius lower than the other mammals shown, even when active. Furthermore, the sloth does not keep its body
temperature in as limited a range as, for instance, a dog does. A healthy dog’s temperature will remain within 0.4
degrees Celsius of its average, whereas a healthy sloth’s temperature can be as much as 2 degrees Celsius
warmer or cooler than its average body temperature when active. This means that
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text?

A) a healthy sloth’s active body temperature can be greater than that of a healthy dog.
B) a healthy dog’s body temperature is greater than that of any mammal shown in the graph.
C) a healthy dog’s body temperature will be greater than that of a sloth, even when the sloth is active.
D) a healthy, active sloth will have a body temperature equal to that of a healthy dog.

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While many movie genres are staples in Hollywood, the popularity of these genres has changed over time. Horror,

.
Western, Sci-Fi: all of these are staples of Hollywood production, but the amount varies widely. For example, as
the number of Westerns has stayed at or below about 25 per year since the 1960s, the number of Horror films,
especially Zombie and Vampire films,
A) has risen dramatically between 1960 and 2000, during which time the production of Vampire films has
increased nearly six-fold.
B) has risen dramatically between 1960 and 2000, during which time the production of Zombie films has
increased nearly six-fold.
C) has declined sharply between 1960 and 2000, during which time the production of Zombie films has
decreased to almost a sixth.
D) has declined sharply between 1960 and 2000, during which time the production of Zombie films has
increased nearly four-fold.

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13

One measure of the progress of human civilization is the increasing scale of our maps. A clay tablet dating from
about the twenty-fifth century B.C. found near what is now the Iraqui city of Kirkuk depicts a river valley with a
plot of land labeled as being 354 iku (about thirty acres) in size. In the earliest recorded cosmologies, such as the
Babylonian Enuma Elish, from around 1500 B.C., the oceans, the continents, and the heavens were considered
finite, but there were no scientific estimates of their dimensions. The early Greeks, including Homer, viewed Earth
as a circular plane with the ocean enveloping it and Greece at the center, but there was no understanding of
scale. In the early sixth century B.C., the Greek philosopher Anaximander, whom historians consider the first
mapmaker, and his student Anaximenes proposed that the stars were attached to a giant crystalline sphere. But
again there was no estimate of its size.

Which choice best describes the overall purpose of the text?

A) List the distances and measurements that were known when Eratosthenes made his calculations.
B) Explain what led early geographers to conclude that Earth was curved.
C) Demonstrate how humans’ sense of their surroundings has expanded over time.
D) Summarize contributions the ancient Greeks made to astronomy.

.
Coronado’s aims were less than noble. He didn’t particularly care about making history. He was much more
interested in making something else: money. Coronado, who grew up in a noble family in Spain, came to New
Spain (present-day Mexico) when he was 25 years old. Within four years of his arrival, Coronado had become
intoxicated by the circulating rumors of the Seven Cities of Gold. Merely lying in wait for someone to claim the
bounty, these cities, or so the rumor had it, were richer than any place in the world. Of course, there were no
such places, neither in Cibola, a city just west of modern-day Albuquerque, nor in Quivira, a town in central
Kansas. Coronado’s disappointment was absolutely unforgiving and vicious: many fellow travelers died on these
expeditions, and

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) many Zuni families in the region were slaughtered as a result of Coronado’s greed.
B) the journeys were long and arduous.
C) medical care was very limited at the time.
D) Nnoone
No one stopped to see the sites.

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In fact, dictionaries are so prevalent that it’s easy to Johnson’s American counterpart was Noah Webster,
forget that they always existed. The word who published his first dictionary in 1806. Webster’s
“dictionary” was in fact not coined until John of Garland
best-known was published in
published his Dictionarius in 1220 to help readers with
1828. The text was based in large part on Johnson’s
their Latin diction. Furthermore, while numerous
dictionary, though it included 12,000 words that had
dictionaries appeared throughout the Middle Ages and
the Early Modern period; the first noteworthy English not appeared in previous dictionaries. In addition,

dictionary came from Samuel Johnson, whose Webster was a spelling reformer who thought English

Dictionary of the English language was published first spellings were overly ornate and complex. As a result,
in 1755. Johnson’s opus remains the first modern when Americans write “colour” and “grey,” Americans
dictionary, containing consistent spellings, variant
have Noah Webster to thank.
definitions, textual usages, and alphabetical
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
arrangements. Johnson’s dictionary was the law of the
the conventions of Standard English?
lexicon until 1884, when the Oxford English Dictionary
A) work An American Dictionary of the English
(OED) began its reign, which continues today.
Language,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

.
B) work, An American Dictionary of the English
the conventions of Standard English?
Language
A) have not C) work, An American Dictionary of the English
B) were not Language,
C) did not D) work An American Dictionary of the English
D) did not have Language

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With increased public awareness and some advances in One notable instance came in a state senate election in
pesticides, bed bugs were nearly eradicated from the Massachusetts in 1812. Unfortunately, it was not the
United States in the 1940s, though they reemerged as last. Shortly before this election, Elbridge
an urban menace in the 1980s. No one is entirely clear called for a redistricting that was
on the reason, though scientists hypothesize that the supposed to reflect demographic shifts within the city.
resurgence of bed bugs is due to increased pesticide To anyone paying attention, however, it became clear
resistance and international travel. The nuisance is now that this redistricting would benefit Gerry’s own party,
treated the lifespan and long dormancy of the Democratic-Republicans. It was one of the first and
the bed bugs have led many to believe that the most infamous works of political trickery in the history
problem may be a permanent one. of the country.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) locally. Though A) Gerry, then governor of the state,

B) locally; though B) Gerry then governor of the state,

C) locally, and C) Gerry, then governor of the state

D) locally, though
. D) Gerry, then governor, of the state

Particularly on the state and local levels, gerrymandering can have a tremendous influence on the outcome of an
election. As the below graphic shows, gerrymandering can turn electoral disadvantages into electoral
advantages. In a population of 50 people, in which voting blocs lived in contained areas, different districting can
result in vastly different outcomes, even where there is a clear advantage for one party. In the redistricting shown
below, through the careful manipulation of the districts.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) 40% light gray voters can become 60% dark gray districts
B) 60% dark gray voters can become 60% light gray districts
C) 40% light gray voters can become 100% dark gray districts
D) 60% light gray voters can become 60% dark gray districts

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If you’ve ever been to an art museum, you know the basic layout: long hallways and large rooms with paintings
hung a few feet apart. You know how the paintings are and you know that the paintings have been
arranged chronologically or thematically.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) by certain means marked,
B) marked,
C) being marked in a way,
D) by so means of marking,

The real victims of gerrymandering, however, are the The United States is often lauded for its contributions
voters. The process is used quite often to to democracy in the world. When the process is allowed
disenfranchise certain voters by making vote to work, democracy in the United States is truly
less valuable. In “majority-minority” districts in admirable, and all of those who vote can feel that they

.
particular, districts with large non-white populations, are participating in the process in a significant way.

gerrymandering can discount the importance of there are some abnormalities in the history of

particular races or classes of voters, many of whose U.S. elections that fall short of these expectations.
voting interests may go against those in power. The Which choice completes the text with the most logical
American voting system works, but only when all transition?
voters are given an equal say in the outcome of an A) This being the case,
election. B) Happily,
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to C) Politically,
the conventions of Standard English? D) Unfortunately,

A) they’re
B) their
C) there
D) they are

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Dan Simmons’s novel was published in 1989, and it Sometimes a Salvation Army volunteer boards the
won the Hugo Award for best science-fiction novel that subway train with sandwiches and juice to give to the
year. it is regularly listed among the needy. “Put your pride to the side!” the volunteer
greatest science-fiction novels of all time. The novel shouts, and I’ve seen many people put out their hands.
spawned a series of novels dealing with the some speaker also raises money. It’s impossible to
fantastic universe, the first of which was The Fall of predict which people will dig into their pockets or open
Hyperion, published in 1990. Hyperion tells the story of their purses, and I’ve stopped trying to guess.
seven pilgrims who travel to the distant world of Which choice completes the text with the most logical
Hyperion in an attempt to avert a galaxy-wide war transition?
between hostile factions. A) The
Which choice completes the text with the most logical B) Therefore, the
transition? C) In conclusion, the

A) All things considered, D) In other words, the

B) For all that,
C) To this day,
D)

.
Check this out,

Many business owners, including restaurant owners, hoteliers, and farmers, throughout the region depend on a
boom in October and November. However, there is a problem. Except in very odd circumstances, it will always be
beach season in July and August. Foliage season, however, is a bit more difficult to predict. It is clear, that
the leaves tend to change in the last few months of the year, but when they change and how vivid their colors will
be has long remained a mystery.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) for instance,
B) nevertheless,
C) for all that,
D) on the other hand,

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● As engineered structures, many bird nests are uniquely flexible yet cohesive.
● A research team led by Yashraj Bhosale wanted to better understand the mechanics behind these
structural properties.
● Bhosale’s team used laboratory models that simulated the arrangement of flexible sticks into nest-like
structures.

● The researchers analyzed the points where sticks touched one another.
● When pressure was applied to the model nests, the number of contact points between the sticks
increased, making the structures stiffer.
The student wants to present the primary aim of the research study. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) The researchers used laboratory models that simulated the arrangement of flexible sticks and analyzed
the points where sticks touched one another.

B) As analyzed by Bhosale’s team, bird nests are uniquely flexible yet cohesive engineered structures.
C) Bhosale’s team wanted to better understand the mechanics behind bird nests’ uniquely flexible yet

D) .
cohesive structural properties.
After analyzing the points where sticks touched, the researchers found that the structures became stiffer
when pressure was applied.

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27

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades star cluster as having
seven stars.

● It was referred to as the Seven Sisters in the mythology of ancient Greece.

● Today, the cluster appears to have only six stars.
● Two of the stars have moved so close together that they now appear as one.
The student wants to specify the reason the Pleiades’ appearance changed. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades, which was referred to
in Greek mythology as the Seven Sisters, as having seven stars.

B) Although once referred to as the Seven Sisters, the Pleiades appears to have only six stars today.
C) In the time since ancient cultures described the Pleiades as having seven stars, two of the cluster’s stars
have moved so close together that they now appear as one.

D) The Pleiades has seven stars, but two are so close together that they appear to be a single star.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

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Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

Anyone who lives in the Mid-Atlantic or New England No matter where you live, you see their work

the flowering of spring and the lush greens of everywhere. Whether you cross a bridge or drive on

summer. The four seasons in these areas are most a highway, you see the work of civil engineers. Civil

evident in the look of the trees. This is never more engineering as a profession is centuries old and has

true than in the case of fall, when the trees are long been necessary for the functioning of modern

covered with beautiful swatches of red, yellow, and government. As long as people need to get to school

orange as the leaves change color. For many, this fall or work, civil engineers will continue to be of

foliage represents the Northeast in its purest state. modern societies.

Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most

logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?

A) knows A) foundations
B) bodes B) cornerstones

C) foretells C) pillars

D) indicates D) manipulators

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There are some earthly mechanisms to absorb and The practice of adapting literary works, particularly

the levels of carbon dioxide in the the great classics of a language, to unique ends has

atmosphere, but many of these industrial processes continued. The 1966 novel Wide Sargasso Sea was

have depleted or overwhelmed these mechanisms. British author Jean Rhys’s prequel to the 1847 novel

For instance, trees need carbon dioxide to perform Jane Eyre. Toward the end of Jane Eyre, it is revealed

their basic functions, but the number of trees that one of the novel’s central characters, Mr.

required to offset carbon emissions is staggering. An Rochester, has a wife locked away in one of the

independent analysis found that the number of rooms of his castle. Rhys’s novel tells this wife’s story,

trees required to offset the emissions of one modest foregrounding the cruelty of British imperialism and

coal plant operating in a small city in Connecticut the oppressive society that awaited women in

would require 52 million trees! England. As Milton had before, Rhys uses a

Which choice completes the text with the most well-known work to an alternate story.

logical and precise word or phrase? Which choice completes the text with the most

.
A) chill out logical and precise word or phrase?

B) kill A) overtake

C) reduce B) tell

D) mellow C) manifest
D) ideate

From an administrative perspective, the curriculum offered by a school must be competitive. Creating an

enticing array of courses is considered to be indispensable to attracting students and keeping enrollment

figures high. Hence capitalizing on fads has become normative, as witnessed by the recent proliferation of

degrees and courses with captivating titles. In fact, many schools hire high paid advertising consultants to

develop promotional material and discover untapped markets.

As used in the text, what does the word “enticing” most nearly mean?

A) pulling

B) deceptive

C) appealing

D) suggestive

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Many people believe that the sloth is an extremely lazy animal. This popular image of the sloth has its roots
in both history and etymology. European explorers in South America, who noticed the sloth’s slow and
movements, named the creature after one of the “Seven Deadly Sins.” Blue Sky Studios’ 2002
movie Ice Age reinforces this image by featuring a sloth, Sid, who sleeps through the migration of his
community and is nearly left behind. However, while it is true that the sloth typically moves slowly and
spends a significant portion of its day sleeping, this slow rate of activity is not due to laziness. Rather, the
sloth has evolved this lifestyle in order to adapt to the particular challenges of consuming leaves located
high in the rainforest canopy.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A) lackadaisical
B) careless
C) inactive
D) leisurely

Over time, especially in this era of mass and social The conventional way to produce natural gas is to

media, primaries have been steadily surpassing drill and extract it out of “traps,” or folds and pockets

caucuses in popularity. Out of the fifty voting states in underground sandstone layers. Scientists have

and commonwealths, only 13 currently hold long known there was also natural gas in the soft

caucuses. This is due in part to the nature of rock layer called shale, formed by millions of years of

caucuses in comparison to primaries. Not only are heat and pressure from dead algae that mixed with

they difficult to keep organized, but also they are mud at the deep bottom of ancient seas that once
difficult to keep civil. In addition, caucuses have covered land in Pennsylvania and elsewhere.

come to be perceived as less democratic because Geologists believe the gas found in sandstone traps
seeped out of this
____rich
in source
this richrock. When
source it became
rock.
they are elections of representatives rather than
mmmmm
direct elections of candidates. clear that gas companies were successfully tapping

Which choice completes the text with the most

mmmmmm
the largest such rock formation in North America.
logical and precise word or phrase? Which choice completes the text with the most

A) horrid logical and precise word or phrase?

B) deplorable A) beating
beatings
C) litigious B) drumming
drummings

D) inconvenient C) knocking
knockings
D) openings
opening

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This text is excerpted from Gloria Steinem, My Life on the Road. Ⓒ2015 by Random House. The narrator, a
writer, recalls her childhood in the United States of America.
But once the first frost turned the lake to crystal and the air above it to steam, my father began collecting

road maps from gas stations, testing the trailer hitch on our car, and talking about such faraway pleasures

as thin sugary pralines from Georgia, all-you-can-drink orange juice from roadside stands in Florida, or slabs

of salmon fresh from a California smokehouse.

Then one day, as if stuck by a sudden whim rather than a lifelong wanderlust, he announced that it was time

to put the family dog and other essentials into the house trailer that was always parked in our yard, and

begin our long trek to Florida or California.

According to the text, why did the narrator’s father start the cross-country trip?

A) He was struck by a sudden desire to escape the monotony of the house.

B) His desire to travel stemmed from a basic personality trait.

.
C) The family had already depleted the resources at one site.

D) He was surprised by the sudden change in the weather.

On October 28, 1813, Thomas Jefferson crafts a letter to John Adams in a delayed reply to several other
letters, written by Adams on his views of aristocracy. Jefferson and Adam were discussing whether
aristocracy inherited. It can be inferred from Jefferson’s letter that he believes the best way to prevent the
rise of the artificial aristocracy is to allow voters to choose their own leaders:

Which quotation from the letter most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) “There is also an artificial aristocracy founded on wealth and birth, without either virtue or talents;
for with these it would belong to the first class.”
B) “The artificial aristocracy is a mischievous ingredient in government, and provision should be made
to prevent its ascendancy.”
C) “I think the best remedy is exactly that provided by all our constitutions, to leave to the citizens the
free election and separation of the aristoi from the pseudo-aristoi, of the wheat from the chaff.”

D) “But even in Europe a change has sensibly taken place in the mind of Man.”

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Spring

Nothing is so beautiful as Spring—

When weeds, in wheels, shoot long and lovely and lush;
Thrush’s eggs look little low heavens, and thrush
Through the echoing timber does so rinse and wring
The ear, it strikes like lightnings to hear him sing;
The glassy peartree leaves and blooms, they brush
The descending blue; that blue is all in a rush
With richness; the racing lambs too have fair their fling.
What is all this juice and all this joy?
A strain of the earth’s sweet being in the beginning
In Eden’s garden.—Have, get, before it clot.
cloy

Before it cloud, Christ, lord, and sour with sinning,

Innocent mind and Mayday in girl and boy,

Most, O maid’s child, thy choice and worthy the winning.

.
Which choice best states the main idea of the poem?
A) It is hopeless to search for the beautiful beginning of life in Eden.
B) Religious belief is crucial to people’s well being.
C) Nothing is as beautiful as spring, but the beauty of nature can sour the innocence of people.
D) Spring can be marred by elements of nature.

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For anyone aspiring to play ice hockey professionally, the National Hockey League (NHL) represents the
pinnacle of hockey greatness in North America, if not the world. But how did the NHL rise to these
remarkable ranks? The story begins with that elusive trophy: the Stanley Cup. In many ways, this goal is as
old as the history of professional hockey itself. It was commissioned in 1892 as the Dominion Hockey
Challenge Cup and was given to Canada’s top-ranking amateur team each year. The name was later changed
to commemorate the contributions of then-Governor General of Canada, Lord Stanley of Preston

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) who did a great deal to grow the sport in the country.
B) who was born in London and educated at Eton and Sandhurst.
C) who served as Governor General under British Queen Victoria.
D) who served as a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

.
Soil conservation can be applied to any ecosystem, but its details tend to be rather technical. As a result,
most people who work as soil conservationists tend to study agricultural science or environmental studies in
college. From there, however, the paths diverge. Clearly, someone working on the eastern seaboard would
need a different knowledge base from that of someone working in the deserts of the Southwest, the plains
of the Midwest, or the forests of the Northwest.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) In all cases, however, soil conservationists do truly fascinating work, seeking as they do to continue
to strike the balance between natural spaces and the people who live in them.
B) In all of these places, soil conservationists do essential work, but just as much is required of the
builders and contractors who accompany them.
C) Soil conservationists work in both the public and the private sectors, but the public is better
because it can be enjoyed by all.
D) Because the desert is unique, the skills that soil conservationists learn in places like Arizona are
valuable but difficult to transfer between regions.

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The FDA operates on a budget of nearly $5 billion a When people refer to the “fifty-first state,” they are
year, much of which is generated by user fees, which usually referring to Puerto Rico or one of the
come primarily from pharmaceutical companies,
contemporary U.S. holdings outside the fifty states.
whose drugs require FDA approval. Still, while many
What many don’t realize, however, is that the idea of
people are familiar with the FDA’s warning labels and
extra states, particularly within U.S. borders,
health warnings, few know who actually works there. . One early case is the state of
After all, an “agency” requires some agents, and the Franklin. On a modern map, the state of Franklin
FDA must be a huge operation with all the food and would be bound by Tennessee to the west and
pharmaceutical drugs needed in a population of south, Virginia to the north, and North Carolina to
hundreds of millions. The FDA is certainly large: the southeast.

Which choice most logically completes the text?

Which choice most logically completes the text? A) is mainly the concern of academics
A) you’ve almost certainly seen its approvals B) presents a fun historical challenge
on some of the products you use. C) is actually quite an old idea
B) it has played a large role in reducing the D) is rather outdated in this day and age

.
amount of tobacco use in the United States.
C) Teddy and Franklin Roosevelt were proud of
it, and you should be, too,
D) it has over 200 offices in the United States
and employs many thousands of people.

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In addition to its incredible achievements in terms of North Carolina, one of the original thirteen colonies,
literary history, Hyperion is also a truly incredible offered a few of its westernmost counties to the
work of science fiction. The future world it imagines federal government as payment for debts: those
is vivid, and its continuities with the contemporary that had been incurred—during the Revolutionary
world clearly defined. Hyperions is awash in War. As Congress decided what to do with the land,
literature laurels, but it is also an entertaining the North Carolinian legislature decided that the
novel—quite a combination! western counties were too valuable to let go, and
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms the state soon retracted western
to the conventions of Standard English? counties.

A) is Which choice completes the text so that it conforms

B) has been to the conventions of Standard English?
C) being A) it’s offer of its’
D) are B) it’s offer of its
C) its offer of it’s
D) its offer of its

.
Civil engineers collaborate on large projects. Their backgrounds tend to can range from
architecture to environmental engineering, from ecology to urban planning. Those who want a greener
country draw on the expertise of civil engineers in designing windmills and other sustainable sources of
energy. Environmental engineering has been particularly popular of late on both sides of the environmental
debate. Those who are less concerned with long-term energy sources have drawn on the help of civil
engineers in mining oil and gas and in creating delivery mechanisms to get those resources all over the
country.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) vary—however, specialties
B) vary however specialties
C) vary, however, specialties
D) vary, however. Specialties

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When you go to the grocery store, how do you know what you’re buying is safe? Why do you trút the chicken
that you buy from the grocery store more than the chicken you could buy off the back of some guy’s truck?
Beyond common sense, the answer is pretty simple: the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. The
came in 1906, when politicians and consumer advocates began to realize how harmful
unregulated food, cosmetics, and drugs could be. The FDA as we know it today was formally created in
1930.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) agency’s beginnings
B) agency’s beginning’s
C) agencies beginnings
D) agencies’ beginnings’

One of the early contenders for this prize was the The Nobel Peace Prize may be a good deal more
National Hockey Association (NHA). When the NHA controversial, but it is by no means any less

.
folded in 1917, it was replaced by the NHL that same
year. Despite the name change, the NHL followed
from the NHA in just about every way. Just as the
significant. The prize is given each year “to the
person who shall have done the most or the best
work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition
NHA had before, so too did the NHL compete or reduction of standing armies and for the holding
annually for the Stanley Cup. This competition came and promotion of peace congresses.” Time and
against a variety of other professional and amateur again we see the bravery in the face of
teams and leagues, most notably the Pacific Coast adversity. This is a difficult thing to quantify, but the
Hockey Association (PCHA), which had formalized its Peace Prize is as important as the other prizes and
relations with the NHA in 1915. The Boston Bruins, contributes to their common goal: to make the
established in began the NHL’s expansion world a better place.
into the United States. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
to the conventions of Standard English? A) committee rewarded
A) 1924; they B) committee reward
B) 1924, C) committee’s rewarding
C) 1924. They D) committees’ reward
D) 1924:

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It is probably no surprise no surprise that Martin The American Society of Civil Engineers defines the
Luther King, Jr., won the award in 1964 amid his profession as “the design and maintenance of public
non-violent campaign for civil rights in the United works such as roads, bridges, water, and energy
States. By 1964, and certainly by the time of his systems as well as public facilities like ports,
death in 1968, Baptists influence railways, and airports.” civil engineers
spanned the globe, not only for people of color design and maintain the components of energy and
seeking civil rights, but also for all those who transportation systems in the modern world. The
championed a cause in non-violent ways. King was projects can be large—like the Hoover Dam, the
also the first African-American man to gain this Holland Tunnel, or the interstate system that covers
particular kind of stature in the United States and on the whole country—or small—like local roads and
the world stage. power stations. Civil engineers see these projects
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms through from start to finish: from the earliest stages
to the conventions of Standard English? of design and analysis to the final stages of

A) minister King’s, completion and beyond.

B) minister King’s Which choice completes the text with the most

.
C) minister, King’s, logical transition?

D) minister, King’s A) In other words,

B) On the other hand,
C) Nonetheless,
D) In the abstract,

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As people become more sensitive to the idea of Nobel Prizes have been given since 1901 as a way to
preserving certain ecosystems, more attention must honor outstanding achievements in Physics,
be paid to the land. The central challenge of Chemistry, Literature, Medicine, and Economics.
maintaining and ecosystem, especially by artificial There may be some controversy as to who earns
means, is that ecosystems have a tendency to these awards in many cases; there can be no
change, particularly with the dual influence of doubt that the winners are always accomplished in
human interaction and a rapidly altering climate. their fields and have contributed something
one career that has grown by leaps and bounds significant to their disciplines and the world at large.
in the last fifty years is that of the soil Which choice completes the text with the most
conservationist, whose land-use surveys guide both logical transition?
public and private entities as to how to work within A) therefore,
sustainable ecosystems. B) for example,
Which choice completes the text with the most C) however,
logical transition? D) fightingly,

A) Still,
B)
C)
D)
Finally, .
Nonetheless,

Therefore,

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The most obvious facet of global warming is the rise While researching a topic, a student has taken the
in global temperatures. What many do not following notes:
understand quite as well, are the factors that ● The painter Frida Kahlo is one of the most
contribute to that rise in global temperatures. The influential artists of the twentieth century.
rise in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, for instance, is ● She was born in Coyoacán, Mexico, in 1907.
commonly cited as a reason, but what exactly does ● She is best known for her vivid and richly
this chemical compound do? symbolic self-portraits.
Which choice completes the text with the most ● The Two Fridas (1939) features two versions
logical transition? of Kahlo sitting together.
A) however, ● One version wears a European-style dress
B) thereby, and the other a traditional Tehuana dress.
C) correspondingly, The student wants to introduce Kahlo to an audience
D) thus, unfamiliar with the artist. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes

to accomplish this goal?

.
A) The 1939 painting The Two Fridas is one
example of a self-portrait by Frida Kahlo.
B) One painting by Frida Kahlo features two
versions of herself, with one version
wearing a European-style dress and the
other a traditional Tehuana dress.
C) Known for being vivid and richly symbolic,
Frida Kahlo’s self-portraits include The Two
Fridas (1939).
D) One of the most influential artists of the
twentieth century, Mexican painter Frida
Kahlo is best known for her self-portraits,
which are vivid and richly symbolic.

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STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

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Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

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In the 1884 US presidential election, candidates James 2𝑝 + 6 = 8 + 7𝑝

Baline and Grover Cleverland received a total of 401 What value of 𝑝 satisfies the given equation?
electoral college votes. The number of electoral college
A) − 2
9
votes Baline received, 𝑏, was 37 fewer than the number
B) − 2
of electoral college votes Cleverland received, 𝑐. Which 5
14
system of equations represents this situation? C)
15
A) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 438 14
D)
9
𝑏 = 𝑐 − 37
B) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 438

𝑏 = 𝑐 + 37
C) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 401

𝑏 = 𝑐 − 37
D) 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 401
𝑏 = 𝑐 + 37

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Which of the following could represent the graph of the The equation 𝑦 =
ℎ𝑔
𝑥
relates to the positive numbers
linear equation 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 3, where 𝑚 is a positive 𝑔, ℎ, 𝑥, and 𝑦. Which equation correctly expresses ℎ in
constant? terms of 𝑔, 𝑥, and 𝑦?

A) ℎ = 𝑔𝑥𝑦
2
B) ℎ = 𝑔𝑥𝑦
2
𝑔𝑦
C) ℎ = 𝑥
2
𝑥𝑦
D) ℎ = 𝑔

A)

|𝑥 − 1| = 8
If 𝑥 is a solution to the given equation, what is a
possible value of 𝑥 − 1?

A) −8
B)
B) −6

.
C) 6
D) 7

C)

D)

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(2+𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥

For the given function 𝑔, what is the value of 𝑔(8)?

The graph of the linear function 𝑓 is shown. Which

equation defines 𝑓?

A) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
2 𝑥−8
B)

.
𝑓(𝑥) = 3
2
𝑥+5
1
C) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 𝑥−8
D) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 𝑥+5
3

Line ℎ is defined by 𝑦 =− 8𝑥 + 7. What is the slope of a line that is perpendicular to line ℎ in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

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A research institute conducted phone and mail surveys. The total cost of conducting these surveys was $5,000.
The line shown models the possible combinations of phone and mail surveys that the institute could have
conducted.

According to the model, what was the cost for each phone survey conducted?
A) $200
B) $125
C) $40

.
D) $25

Which expression is equivalent to

3 3
(5𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1) − (2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1)?
A)
3
3𝑥
B)
3
3𝑥 + 2
Triangle ABC and triangle DEF each have two angles
C)
3
3𝑥 − 4𝑥
measuring 35°, as shown. Which of the following
D) 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 2
3

additional pieces of information is sufficient to prove

that triangle ABC is congruent to triangle DEF?

A) The measures of ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 and ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 are equal.

B) The lengths of 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐸𝐹 are equal.
C) The lengths of 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐷𝐸 are equal.
D) No additional information is necessary to
prove that the two triangles are congruent.

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1 3 3
What is the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛(
3π
Which expression is equivalent to 𝑦 (𝑦 ) , where )?
8 4 2
4

2
𝑦 > 0? A) − 2
A) 4
𝑦
5
3
B) − 2
B) 3 4
𝑦 2
C)
C) 8 5 2
𝑦
D) 3
D) 8 7
𝑦 2

−𝑥
What is the graph of the equation 𝑦 = 2 + 1?

A) B)

C) D)

𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 11

3𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 24
The solution to the given system of equations is the ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦). What is the value of 𝑥?

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In 2005, 10 phlox plants were planted in a garden. The number of phlox plants increased by 140% each year.
Which of the following equations best models the estimated number of plants, 𝑃, in the garden 𝑡 years after
2005?
𝑡
A) 𝑃 = 1. 14(10)
𝑡
B) 𝑃 = 2. 4(10)
𝑡
C) 𝑃 = 10(1. 14)
𝑡
D) 𝑃 = 10(2. 4)

One of the two equations in a linear system is

2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2. The system has no solution. Which
equation could be the other equation in the system?

A) 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 3
B) 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3
C) 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2

.
The complete graph of the function 𝑓 is shown in the
D) 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3

𝑥𝑦-plane. What is the 𝑦-intercept of the graph of

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)?
A) (0, 3)
B) (0, 2)
C) (0, 1)
D) (0, 0)

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Volume (𝑚 3)

Rectangular prism A 96

Rectangular prism B 12

Rectangular prism A is similar to rectangular prism B, where the longest side of rectangular prism A corresponds
to the longest side of rectangular prism B. The table gives the volumes, in cubic meters (m3), of the two prisms.
The length of the longest side of rectangular prism A is 6 meters. What is the length, in meters, of the longest
side of rectangular prism B?

2
𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 14 = 0 If 3 𝑥 − 3 + 10 = 22, what is the value of 𝑥 − 3?
One solution to the given equation can be written as

.
𝑥 = 5 + 𝑛, where 𝑛 is a constant. What is the value of
𝑛?

Average speed (mph) Number of laps

0 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 140 4

140 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 145 20

145 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 150 32

150 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 155 57

155 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 160 52

160 ≤ 𝑠 ≤ 165 35

The table gives the average speed 𝑠, in miles per hour (mph), of each lap around the track for one racing team.
For how many laps was the average speed greater than or equal to 150 mph?

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STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

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Which equation has the same solution as 8𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 12 Long jump distances (meters)

? Aditi 4.2 3.8 3.2 4.0

A) 10𝑥 =− 12
B) 10𝑥 = 12 Bella 𝑥 4.4 3.7 3.8

C) 6𝑥 =− 12
Aditi and Bella each attempted the long jump five times
D) 6𝑥 = 12
during a track meet, and their distances are shown in
the table. The mean distance for Bella’s attempts was
0.3 meter greater than the mean distance for Aditi’s
attempts. What is the value of 𝑥?

The function 𝑘 is defined by 𝑘(𝑥) = 3𝑥−5 . What is the When the temperature of water is 25 degrees Celsius,
2𝑥+3
value of 𝑘(1)? sound travels through the water at a constant speed of

5 about 1,500 meters per second. At the same

A)

.
2
8 temperature, about how far, in meters, would sound
B) 5
− 2 travel through the water in 15 seconds?
C) 5
− 3 A) 37,500
D) 2
B) 22,500
C) 375
D) 100

A digital artist resized a rectangular image. The ratio of the length to the width of the image did not change. The
width of the new image is 3 times as long as the original width. If 𝐿 is the length of the original image, which
expression represents the length of the new image in terms of 𝐿?
A) 𝐿
3

B) 𝐿 − 3
C) 3𝐿
D) 𝐿 + 3

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4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10
Eleven employees at a company were selected at random to participate in a survey. The survey included a
question that asked the participants to rate their work satisfaction on a scale from 1 to 10. The list shows the
eleven ratings of the participants.

Which of the following is closest to the percentage of participants who gave a rating of 5?
A) 9%
B) 18%
C) 27%
D) 45%

5
What is the 𝑥-coordinate of the 𝑥-intercept of the line with equation 𝑥 + 2 𝑦 = 1 when it is graphed in the 𝑥𝑦
4 3
-plane?

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In Chicago in 1895, Frank Duryea won America’s first automobile race by driving 52.4 miles in 10 hours and 23
minutes. If he drove at a constant rate, the approximate distance he drove 𝑦, in miles, during the race could be
modeled by 𝑦 = 5𝑥, where 𝑥 is the time, in hours, after the start of the race. Which graph best represents this
relationship?

B)
A)

AMER

C) D)

What is the perimeter of an equilateral triangle with a height of

5 3?

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A certain soccer field has an area of 7,000 square

meters. What is this area in square feet? (Use 1 square
meter=10.76 square feet.)

A) 60
B) 651
C) 75,320
D) 810,443

The graph shown models the relationship between the

distance 𝐷, in kilometers, from Earth to the Moon and
the time 𝑇, in millions of years after the present. Which
of the following equations models this relationship?

A) 𝐷 =− 38𝑇 − 385, 000

B) 𝐷 =− 38𝑇 + 385, 000

.
C) 𝐷 = 38𝑇 − 385, 000
D) 𝐷 = 38𝑇 + 385, 000

2
(2𝑥 + 1) = 81 𝑦 =− 3
What are all possible solutions to the given equation?
2
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 𝑎
A) -9 and 9 In the system of equations shown, 𝑎 is a positive
B) -5 and 4 constant. For which value of a. Does the system have
C) 4 exactly one distinct real solution?
D) 40

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The scatterplot shows the relationship between two If 4(𝑥 + 1) = 16, what is the value of 𝑥 + 1?
variables, 𝑥 and 𝑦 A) 3
B) 4
C) 11
D) 12

Which of the following equations is the most

appropriate linear model for the data shown?

A) 𝑦 =− 7 + 30𝑥
B)
C)
𝑦 = 7 − 30𝑥
𝑦 = 30 + 7𝑥
D) 𝑦 = 30 − 7𝑥
.
The equation 0. 95𝑐 + 0. 05𝑛 = 8. 87 represents the density of a copper-zinc alloy, where 𝑐 is the density, in grams
per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), of copper, 𝑛 is the density, in g/cm3
, of zinc, and 8.87 g/cm3 is the density of the alloy. The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3 . What is the density of zinc,
in g/cm3 ?

A) 0.09
B) 0.47
C) 7.16
D) 8.51

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76, 72, 71, 71, 68, 66, 30

The list shown gives the total number of points scored by 7 teams in a curling tournament. The score 30 was
recorded in error. If the score of 30 points is removed from the list, which statement best describes the effect on
the mean and median number of points?

A) The mean increases, and the median decreases.

B) The mean decreases, and the median increases.
C) The mean decreases, and the median remains the same.
D) The mean increases, and the median remains the same.

2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 5
One of the two equations in a system is given. The
system has an infinite number of solutions. Which
equation could be the other equation in the system?

A) 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 10
B)
C)
D)
4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 10
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10
. Points 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 lie on the circle as shown. What is the
measure, in degrees, of arc 𝐴𝐶?

A) 55
B) 110
C) 220
D) 305

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𝑦 < 1 𝑥
2
+4

𝑦 >− 2𝑥 + 4
Which ordered pair (𝑥, 𝑦) is a solution to the given system of inequalities in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?
A) (0, 2)
B) (1, 0)
C) (1, 5)
D) (2, 4)

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The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is shown. What is the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 2?

A)
B)

C) D)

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The gross domestic product (GDP) of Malta was approximately 250.72 million US dollars in 1970. From 1970 to
1980, a model indicates the GDP increased by 15% per year compared to the previous year’s GDP. Which function
represents this model, where 𝑓(𝑡) is the estimated GDP, in millions of US dollars, and 𝑡 is the number of years
after 1970?
250.72𝑡
A) 𝑓(𝑡) = (1. 15)
1.15𝑡
B) 𝑓(𝑡) = (250. 72)
𝑡
C) 𝑓(𝑡) = 1. 15(250. 72)
𝑡
D) 𝑓(𝑡) = 250. 72(1. 15)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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PRACTICE
TEST 5

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Practice Test 5

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer.

Which choice completes the text w ith the most logical Which completes the test with the most logical
and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase?

Some scholars believe that the impetus for the building In 1787, when the U.S. Constitution was being framed,

of the Great Pyramid of Giza was for reasons other it was proposed that slavery be abolished, but

than the purely functional one of providing imposing opponents of the measure forced a compromise

and secure burial chambers whereby slavery would not be until early in

for pharaohs; these experts see meaning the next century.

behind its design. Which choice completes the text with the most logical

Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

and precise word or phrase? A) disparaged

A) an arcane B) stipulated

B) an insipid C) proscribed

C) a nefarious D) exculpated

D) a desultory

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The sociologist Stanley Milgram theorized that the rise The belief that music is the for the other
of mass society has made it easy for individuals to arts and best exemplifies the power of art to express
ignore moral responsibility because the individual is subtle feelings, was expressed by the critic Walter
frequently “an intermediate link in a chain of evil,” Pater: “All art constantly aspires towards the condition
making it possible for a person to rationalize his of music.”
actions by saying, “I was only carrying out my social Which choice completes the text with the most logical
responsibilities as given in the orders of my superiors; and precise word or phrase?
it is not for me to decide the ultimate morality of A) aesthetic
socially actions, even if they appear B) precursor
execrable.” C) paradigm
Which choice completes the text with the most logical D) sensitivity
and precise word or phrase?

.
A) maligned

B) venerated

C) sanctioned

D) Sycophantic

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5 6

This text is adapted from the article “High Over Kitty This text is adapted from Mary Wollstonecraft, A
Hawk for a Profit” by Paul Hoffman (Ⓒ2003 by The New
York Times Company). Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792).
On Dec, 17, 1903, the Wrights took turns making short

ascents over the dunes of Kill Devil Hills, four miles Women are every where in this deplorable state; for, in
south of Kitty Hawk, N.C., in a propeller-driven biplane order to preserve their innocence, as ignorance is
powered by an internal combustion engine. They each courteously termed, truth is hidden from them, and
got airborne twice—with Wilbur going the farthest, 852 they are made to assume an artificial character before
feet in 59 seconds—before a gust flipped the plane their faculties have acquired any strength. Taught from
while it was on the ground. their infancy, that beauty is woman’s sceptre, the mind

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? shapes itself to the body, and, roaming round its gilt
A) Argue that more people should admire the cage, only seeks to adorn its prison. Men have various
Wright brothers for their accomplishments. employments and pursuits which engage their

B) Explain why it took two years for the first attention, and give a character to the opening mind;
eyewitness account of the Wright brothers’ but women, confined to one, and having their thoughts
initial flight to be published. constantly directed to the most insignificant part of
m
C) Detail the first successful flights of the Wright themselves, seldom extend their views beyond the
m
brothers near Kitty Hawk. triumph of the hour.
D) Clarify that it took many years before the A) It prepares for the central thesis by
airplane was perfected. mentioning a common struggle of both

genders.

B) It provides a specific example of a

phenomenon which the author will later argue

against.

C) It introduces an argument for which support

will be given later in the paragraph.

D) It acknowledges a potential counterargument

and discusses the flaw of that argument.

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This passage is from Andrew Carnegie, "Wealth," originally published in 1889. Arriving penniless in Pennsylvania
from Scotland in 1848, Carnegie became one of the richest people in the United States through the manufacture
of steel.
The problem of our age is the proper administration of wealth, that the ties of brotherhood may still bind

together the rich and poor in harmonious relationship. The conditions of human life have not only been changed,

but revolutionized, within the past few hundred years. In former days there was little difference between the

dwelling, dress, food, and environment of the chief and those of his retainers ........ The contrast between the

palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us to-day measures the change which has come with

civilization. This change, however, is not to be deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is well, nay,

essential, for the progress of the race that the houses of some should be homes for all that is highest and best in

literature and the arts, and for all the refinements of civilization, rather than that none should be so. Much better

this great irregularity than universal squalor. Without wealth there can be no Maecenas.* The “good old times”

were not good old times. Neither master nor servant was as well situated then as to-day. A relapse to old

conditions would be disastrous to both—not the least so to him who serves—and would sweep away civilization

.
with it. But whether the change be for good or ill, it is upon us, beyond our power to alter, and, therefore, to be

accepted and made the best of. It is a waste of time to criticize the inevitable.
*Gaius Maecenas (70–8 B.C.E.) was a great patron of the arts.
Which choice best describes the structure of the first
text?paragraph?

A) A personal history is narrated, historical examples are given, and a method is recommended.

B) A position is stated, historical context is given, and earnest advice is given.

C) Certain principles are stated, opposing principles are stated, and a consensus is reached.

D) A historical period is described, and its attributes are reviewed.

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This passage is adapted from the article “Prairie “Fable”

Islands” by Sam Hooper Samuels (Ⓒ2005 by the Sierra In heaven

Club). Some little blades of grass

Most of Iowa’s prairie long ago fell victim to the plow or Stood before God.

the pavement. But because the Loess Hills are often “What did you do?”
too steep for row crops, pockets of high-quality virgin Then all save one of little blades

prairie remain. Big bluestem, little bluestem, sideoats Began eagerly to relate

grama, prairie clovers, lead plant, and dozens of other The merits of their lives.
grasses, sedges, and flowering plants mottle the hills. This one stayed a small way behind,
Which choice best states the main idea of the text? Ashamed.
A) Big bluestem, little bluestem, and other Presently, God said,
flowering plants are invasive species that

dominate the Loess Hills. “And what did you do?”

.
B) The Loess Hills, like most of Iowa’s prairie, The little blade answered, “O my Lord,

were destroyed long ago by farming and Memory is bitter to me,

urban development. For if I did good deeds

C) Iowa’s fertile topsoil is perfect for farmers to I know not of them.”

plant steep rows of grasses, sedges, and Then God, in all his splendor,

flowering plants. Arose from his throne.

D) Because they are often too steep for farming, “O best little blade of grass!” he said.

the Loess Hills have preserved pockets of (1899)

virgin prairie. Which choice best states the main idea of the poem?

A) It is better to do nothing than too much

B) It is better to forget if you have done

something wrong

C) It is better to be modest than to be boastful

D) If you need to tell your bad deeds to someone,

you are not worthy of respect

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10 11

This text is adapted from the article “The Comics” by M. American Pastoral is a 1997 novel by Phillip Roth. “The

Thomas Inge (Ⓒ1990 by Smithsonian Institution). Swede” was the nickname of Seymour Levov, a talented

Comic art has much in common with all the other athlete from the narrator’s hometown. A meaningful

forms of literary and visual communication of the irony of the novel is that, while the narrator had

twentieth century. As in fiction, the elements of admired the young Sweden’s

n accomplishments, the
n
narrative, characterization, and setting are important in Swede appreciated the narrator’s accomplishments as

accomplished comic art; and as in poetry, ideas must an adult:

be developed within a very short period of reading Which quotation from the novel most effectively

time, a few seconds for a comic strip and fifteen illustrates the claim?
mmm
minutes or less for a comic book story. As in drama, a A) 22-24
m “The two, clearly a father and his son,

story or incident must be staged before our eyes within were laughing about something together

the artificial structures of a box-like frame and with all when I approached and introduced myself.”

the limitations of a play in terms of compressed time, B) mmmm

34-38 “ “So you’re the guy. My mother says,

.
dialogue, and plot development. As in a motion picture, ‘And he was such a nice, quiet child when he

such visual devices as cutting, framing, close-ups, and came to the house.’ You know who this is?” the

montage are used by the comic artist, and the Swede said to the boy. “The guy who wrote

point-of-view is free to roam the world over to places those books. Nathan Zuckerman.” ”

known and fantastic. m

C) m52 ““You bet. Take it easy, Skip.” ”

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text? mmm “He laughed, we parted, and someone
D) 54-56
m
A) compare the elements of comic art to was saying to me, “Well, well, the greatest

elements of other artistic forms. athlete in the history of Weequahic High called

B) describe the various techniques used in a wide you ‘Skip.’ “

variety of artistic forms.

C) introduce the history and development of

comic art as a form of artistic expression.

D) define the limitations of various forms of

artistic expression.

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Percent Change in US Employment, Projected 2012-22

Construction trades workers

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters

Total, all occupations in the US economy

Adapted from US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections Published in 2014

The total number of jobs available in the United States is projected to from 2012 to 2022. However, the

number of skilled-trade jobs is projected to increase at around double that amount. The fact that most trade jobs

must be performed by skilled humans, not machines, makes them very secure. Furthermore, a combination of

government policy changes, demographic trends in the workforce, and other factors that will likely ensure a

steady supply of these jobs for years to come. As the examples of plumbing, pipefitting, and steamfitting

.
demonstrate, skilled-trade jobs are a sensible career choice that many young people may wish to consider.

Which choice most effectively uses the data from the graph to complete the text?

A) increase 1 percent

B) decline to half its current level

C) increase 11 percent

D) stay at about the same level

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13

Properties of Selected Solar System Objects

Object Average distance Radius (Earth = 1) Mass (Earth = 1) Average density

from Sun (Earth (g/cm 3)

distance = 1)

Earth 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.5

Mars 1.52 0.53 0.11 3.9

Juno (asteroid) 2.7 0.019 0.000003 2.8

Ceres (dwarf 2.8 0.073 0.00015 2.7

planet)

Jupiter 5.2 11.2 318.0 1.3

Saturn 95.0 0.7

9.5 9.5

Uranus 19.2 4.0

STU DY
15.0 1.3

Neptune 30.1 3.9 17.0 1.6

Pluto (dwarf 39.5 0.2 0.002 2.1

planet)

William McKinnon of Washington University points out that Ceres has a low density, which suggests it is 25 to 30

percent water ice. That’s a high proportion for an asteroid, but closely matches Pluto and other icy objects native

to the outer solar system, known as trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). What’s more, a dip in Ceres’s light spectrum

may be a sign of ammonium-rich clay at the surface. This material has never been found in the fragments of an

asteroid that have fallen to Earth, but fits the expected ammonia-rich composition of a TNO.

Which data presented in the table would McKinnon find most useful to his argument?

A) The average density of Pluto is similar to that of Ceres.

B) Neptune is located much farther from the Sun than is Ceres.

C) The mass of Ceres is only slightly greater than that of Juno.

D) Ceres is denser, on average, than either Neptune or Uranus.

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Many communities in the United States could gain The view must have been a thrill each time; everything

significant tourist revenue if sites of natural beauty or below so tiny and perfect, an eagle’s-eye view of

historical significance—such as Idaho’s Boulder-White landscape. From her wooden seat in the cramped

Clouds and Utah’s Cedar Mesa Plateau—were granted the fuel gauges and compass that helped her

national park status. Given the economic benefits of plot her course, Amelia Earhart was on top of the

protecting these and other proposed wilderness areas world. In her goggles and leather flight cap, she must

around the country, have grinned every time she banked the wings and

Which choice most logically completes the text? headed into a cloud, on her way toward new records

A) additional laws are needed to ensure that the and destinations. Which choice completes the text so

natural and historical legacy of the United that it conforms to the conventions of Standard

States is preserved for future generations. English?

B) national parks would provide more economic A) cockpit. Facing

gains if they were managed more like B) cockpit; facing

C)
businesses.

.
it is time for the federal government to
C)

D)
cockpit. She faced

cockpit, facing

consider an additional investment in protected

lands.

D) protected lands should be extended to more

urban parts of the country as well.

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16 17

Carving Italian marble by hand, Lewis portrayed During the day, Washington, D.C., bustles with visitors,

breath. The Death of Cleopatra was hailed by but even after sundown many people gather at

many critics as the most impressive sculpture at the famous buildings and monuments. I’d heard that the

1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, the event city’s attractions appear even more impressive after

for which it had been created. Which choice completes dark, so one evening I took a walk to see if this was

the text so that it conforms to the conventions of true.

Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) Cleopatra taking, her last the conventions of Standard English?

B) Cleopatra, taking her last A) they’re

C) Cleopatra taking her last B) there

D) Cleopatra taking her last, C) it’s

D) its

Santa Fe is one of the most arid regions in the United Stefan Zweig’s name has been showing up a lot lately.

States, but last year conditions were so dry that a In addition to a large amount of recently republished

drought emergency was declared. We were on strict works, Wes Anderson cites Zweig as the major

water rationing, and there was a ban on outdoor influence on Anderson’s recent film It

watering. By spring the needles of the blue spruce seems that Zweig has suddenly become relevant again

started to turn brown and off. I watered it with after nearly 75 years of obscurity. Why this sudden

every precious drop of water I could find. Which choice interest? What can he offer that our culture seems to

completes the text so that it conforms to the need?

conventions of Standard English? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) were dropped the conventions of Standard English?

B) drop A) (The Grand Budapest Hotel 2014).

C) dropping B) The Grand Budapest Hotel 2014.

D) are dropping C) (The Grand Budapest Hotel), 2014.

D) The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014).

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20 21

Stefan Zweig was born in 1881. Born to parents who Sometimes as you fall asleep, you’re thinking about

were part of Vienna’s Jewish cultural elite, Stefan was what to eat for breakfast the next morning. “When I get

afforded every possible luxury and privilege. By 1904, up, I’ll go to the fridge. I’ll have an egg,

Zweig had earned a doctoral degree from the while I’m making coffee.” Even

University of Vienna, and he formed the connections though you may know where your food is coming from,

that would allow his entry into the cultural elite. you plan breakfast as a way to plan the day

Zweig went on to publish a near infinitude of works of Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

fiction, drama, journalism, and biography, and enjoyed the conventions of Standard English?

a period of major celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s. A) a piece of toast, and a few strips of bacon
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to B) a piece of toast, and a few strips of bacon,

the conventions of Standard English? C) a piece, of toast, and a few strips, of bacon,

A) city’s D) a piece of toast and a few strips of bacon

B) cities

C)

D)
citie’s

cities’ .

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22 23

One wintry New England day in 1891, a Massachusetts Stefan Zweig’s relationship with his homeland was

YMCA teacher puzzled over how to handle a difficult always tenuous. While he did support the German side

situation. Outside, the air was frigid. Inside, the in World War I, Zweig remained a committed pacifist

students were bursting with energy and ignoring their and participated only in the Archives of the Ministry of

lessons. They were, , being quite disruptive. War. By the second war, , Zweig’s pacifism

Which choice completes the text with the most logical was no longer looked on with such understanding.

transition? Zweig and his wife fled Nazi Germany in 1939 and

A) however spent their remaining years in the Americas. Only a few

B) as the case may be short years after their escape, Zweig and his wife took

C) in fact their own lives out of despair over what had become of

D) regardless of time Europe.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

A) however

B) indeed
C) on the other hand

D) Although

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24 25

Pei’s first concern as an architect is identifying the spirit When I was a child growing up in Delhi, India, my

of a place and translating that spirit mentioned here parents and I would spend our summers in Calcutta,

into architectural design. Pei’s design for the India, visiting my grandparents, aunts, uncles, and

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, with its bold use of glass cousins. We took the train over eight hundred miles

walls and ceilings and multiple tiers connected by from Delhi to Calcutta, which I considered a treat in

escalators that direct the eye upward, appropriately itself. I loved the dining car, the cozy sleeping berth in

reflects a celebratory and rollicking spirit. Which choice our cabin, the gentle rocking motion of the train

completes the text with the most logical transition? that would lull me to sleep at night.

A) However, Which choice completes the text with the most logical

B) Still, transition?

C) So, when A) and

D) Thus, B) which

C) since

. D) Whereas

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Started in 1925, the Scripps National Spelling Bee is a US-based spelling competition.

● The words used in the competition have diverse linguistic origins.

● In 2008, Sameer Mishra won by correctly spelling the word “guerdon.”

● “Guerdon” derives from the Anglo-French word “guerdun.”

● In 2009, Kavya Shivashankar won by correctly spelling the word “Laodicean.”

● “Laodicean” derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”

The student wants to emphasize a difference in the origins of the two words.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. “Guerdon,” the final word of the 2008 Scripps National Spelling Bee, is of Anglo-French origin, while

the following year’s final word, “Laodicean,” derives from ancient Greek.

B. In 2008, Sameer Mishra won the Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling the word

.
“guerdon”; however, the following year, Kavya Shivashankar won based on spelling the word “Laodicean.”

C. Kavya Shivashankar won the 2009 Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling “Laodicean,”

which derives from the ancient Greek word “Laodíkeia.”

D. The Scripps National Spelling Bee uses words from diverse linguistic origins, such as “guerdon” and

“Laodicean.”

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27

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades star cluster as having seven

stars.

● It was referred to as the Seven Sisters in the mythology of ancient Greece.

● Today, the cluster appears to have only six stars.

● Two of the stars have moved so close together that they now appear as one.

The student wants to specify the reason the Pleiades’ appearance changed. Which choice most effectively uses

relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades, which was referred

to in Greek mythology as the Seven Sisters, as having seven stars.

B. Although once referred to as the Seven Sisters, the Pleiades appears to have only six stars today.

C. In the time since ancient cultures described the Pleiades as having seven stars, two of the cluster’s

.
stars have moved so close together that they now appear as one.

D. The Pleiades has seven stars, but two are so close together that they appear to be a single star.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

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Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each

question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage

and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).

All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a

single best answer

Beams of light the exterior of the White House, The fact that Markk Twain gave orders for his memoir to

and every window glowed as the work of governing remain unpublished for 100 years reflects the author’s

continued into the night. Tourists peered through the about its contents. Indeed, releasing his more

fence, pointing when they saw a figure passing by one vitriolic observations about the world during his own

of the windows. Could that be the president? Families time would have spurred a public response, one that

from all over the world - speaking in a wonderful Twain must have foreseen as detrimental.

variety of languages and dialects - posed for Which choice completes the text with the most logical

photographs with the brightly lit White House as the and precise word or phrase?

backdrop. Which choice completes the text with the A) trepidation

most logical and precise word or phrase? B) buoyancy

A) enlightened C) insouciance

B) illuminated D) salubrious

C) irradiated

D) inflamed

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Which choice completes the text with the most logical Despite its during its initial theatrical run, Our

and precise word or phrase? American Cousin would likely beư

be forgotten today were

Although his contributions to the metropolitan area are it not for one eventful performance at Ford’s Theatre

largely forgotten, Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge is on April 14, 1865, during which Abraham Lincoln was

commemorated in the name of the Outerbridge shot by John Wilkes Booth. Which choice completes the

Crossing in New York City. He is nonetheless in danger text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

of being forgotten, as the name is often assumed to be A) disfavor

derived from the bridge’s location in the outermost B) obscurity

reaches of the city rather than from its figure. C) renown

A) secluded D) impeccability

B) disparate

C) titular

D) cloistered

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Passage 1

Food has always been considered one of the most salient markers of cultural traditions. When I was a small child,

food was the only thing that helped identify my family as Filipino American. We ate pansit lug-lug (a noodle dish)

and my father put patis (salty fish sauce) on everything. However, even this connection lessened as I grew older.

As my parents became more acculturated, we ate less typically Filipino food. When I was twelve, my mother took

cooking classes and learned to make French and Italian dishes. When I was in high school, we ate chicken

marsala and shrimp fra diablo more often than Filipino dishes like pansit lug-lug.

Passage 2

Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin—who in 1825 confidently announced, “Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you who

you are”—would have no trouble describing cultural identities of the United States. Our food reveals us as

tolerant adventurers who do not feel constrained by tradition. We “play with our food” far more readily than we

preserve the culinary rules of our varied ancestors. Americans have no single national cuisine. What unites

American eaters culturally is how we eat, not what we eat. As eaters, Americans mingle the culinary traditions of

.
many regions and cultures. We are multiethnic eaters.

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between the two passages?

A) Passage 1 notes problems for which Passage 2 proposes solutions.

B) Passage 1 presents claims that are debunked by Passage 2.

C) Passage 2 furnishes a larger context for the experiences described in Passage 1.

D) Passage 2 uses material presented in Passage 1 to correct a popular misconception.

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This text is adapted from the article “Greening the World’s Most Popular Fruit” by Christine Mlot (Ⓒ2004 by
National Wildlife Federation).
What the banana lacks, though, is a huge genetic base. The familiar yellow fruit—botanically, a berry—is largely

derived from a single variety known as Cavendish, grown on plants that are essentially cuttings, or clones, of the

same stock. The lack of sexual reproduction, with its mixing of genes, leaves the crop vulnerable to diseases and

pests such as fungi, viruses, bacteria, insects and roundworms, some of which have become epidemic in recent

years. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

A) Bananas are becoming increasingly resistant to various diseases.

B) Bananas’ narrow genetic base poses a danger to the crop.

C) Banana production illustrates some benefits of cloning.

D) Fungi are the primary threat to banana production.

This passage is adapted from Hillary Clinton’s remarks to the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary

.
Session in 1995 in Beijing, China.
There are some who question the reason for this conference. Let them listen to the voices of women in their

homes, neighborhoods, and workplaces. There are some who wonder whether the lives of women and girls

matter to economic and political progress around the globe. Let them look at the women gathered here and at

Huairou—the homemakers and nurses, the teachers and lawyers, the policymakers and women who run their

own businesses. It is conferences like this that compel governments and peoples everywhere to listen, look, and

face the world’s most pressing problems. Wasn’t it after all—after the women’s conference in Nairobi ten years

ago that the world focused for the first time on the crisis of domestic violence?

According to the text, what is the most likely reason that Clinton mentions the prior “women’s conference in

Nairobi”?

A) To provide an example of a previous, failed attempt to solve the problem of domestic violence

B) To disagree with those who question the reason for the current conference

C) To contend that a great number of women and their experiences have gone unnoticed

D) To offer evidence for the claim that conferences compel people to address problems

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This passage is adapted from Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, originally published in 1847.
As he said this, he released me from his clutch, and only looked at me. The look was far worse to resist than the

frantic strain: only an idiot, however, would have succumbed now. I had dared and baffled his fury; I must elude

his sorrow: I retired to the door.

“You are going, Jane?” “I am going, sir.”

“You are leaving me?”

“Yes.”

“You will not come? You will not be my comforter, my rescuer? My deep love, my wild woe, my frantic prayer, are

all nothing to you?”

What unutterable pathos was in his voice! How hard it was to reiterate firmly, “I am going.”

Based on the text, what can be reasonably inferred about Jane?

A) Jane values her emotions over her reason.

B) Jane values freedom over social convention.

.
C) Jane values her principles over her feelings.

D) Jane values true love above all else.

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Emma is a 1815 novel by Jane Austen. Set in Highbury, England, in the early 19th century, the novel centres on

Emma Woodhouse, a precocious young woman whose misplaced confidence in her matchmaking abilities

occasions several romantic misadventures. In the novel, it can be reasonably inferred that after Miss Taylor

married, she had fewer interactions with Emma: . Which quotation from the NOVEL most effectively

illustrates the claim?

A) “Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor’s loss which first brought grief.”

B) “The event had every promise of happiness for her friend”

mmmm
C) 60-65 “A large debt of gratitude was owing here; but the intercourse of the last seven years, the equal

footing and perfect unreserve which had soon followed Isabella’s marriage on their being left to each

other, was yet a dearer, tenderer recollection”

D) “How was she to bear the change?—It was true that her friend was going only half a mile from them; but

Emma was aware that great must be the difference between a Mrs. Weston only half a mile from them,

and a Miss Taylor in the house; and with all her advantages, natural and domestic, she was now in great

.
danger of suffering from intellectual solitude”

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There are nearly 4,000 park rangers in service with the National Park Service (NPS) today.That number is poised to

grow, as visitation numbers are on the rise. . The numbers continue to be high, with

over 270 million visitors in 2013. It seems that as economic conditions in the country are uncertain, more and

.
more people turn to parks for economical, educational, and enlightening alternatives to the more costly tourist

activities and trips. Now, too, that climate science has foretold difficult times, the NPS is seen to be protecting the

last vestiges of our green world before it slips away

A) Although park visitation numbers peaked in 1987, the general trend has been a steady rise

B) Park visitation peaked in the mid-1980s and has tapered off since then.

C) Park visitation reached record highs in 2009.

D) Park visitation has risen in a linear progression since the late 1970s.

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The following passage is adapted from a book published in 1999.

Superstring theory, a young upstart compared with the venerable edifices of quantum mechanics and general

relativity, answers with a resounding no. Intense research over the past decade by physicists and mathematicians

around the world has revealed that this new approach to describing matter at its most fundamental level resolves

the tension between general relativity and quantum mechanics. In fact, superstring theory shows more: within

this new framework, general relativity and quantum mechanics require one another for the theory to make

sense. According to superstring theory, the marriage of the laws of the large and the small is not only happy but

inevitable. Superstring theory has the potential to show that all of the wondrous happenings in the universe—

from the frantic dance of subatomic quarks to the stately waltz of orbiting binary stars—are reflections of one

grand physical principle, one master equation.

Which of the following, if true, would best refute the author’s assertion about the “young upstart”?

A) Evidence that certain kinds of particles in nature exceed the speed of light

.
B) Speculation that the deep interior of a black hole is not as dense as scientists have believed

C) Mathematical formulas that link general relativity and quantum mechanics in the same realm

D) Proof that the laws governing the universe depend on the size of the system being studied

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Growth rates have been studied in only a half-dozen dinosaurs and no large carnivores. That’s because the usual

method of telling ages—counting annual growth rings in the leg bone—is a tricky task with tyrannosaurids. “I was

told when I started in this field that it was impossible to age T. rex,” recalls Gregory Erickson, a paleobiologist at

Florida State University, who led the study. The reason is that the weight-bearing bones of large dinosaurs

become hollow with age and the internal tissue tends to get remodeled, thus erasing growth lines. But leg bones
m
aren’t the only place to check age. 20
m While studying a ryrannosaurid called Daspletosaurus at the Field Museum

of Natural History (FMNH) in Chicago, Erickson noticed growth rings on the end of a broken rib. Looking around,

he found similar rings on hundreds of other bone fragments in the museum drawers, including the fibula,

gastralia, and the pubis. These bones don’t bear substantial loads, so they hadn’t been remodeled or hollowed

out. Switching to modern alligators, crocodiles, and lizards, Erickson found that the growth rings accurately

recorded the animals’ ages. He and his colleagues then sampled more than 60 bones from 20 specimens of four

closely related tyrannosaurids. Counting the growth rings with a microscope, the team found that the

tyrannosaurids had died at ages ranging from 2 years to 28.

Which finding, if accurate, would most clearly undermine Erickson’s theory about the growth rate of T.rex?

A)

B)
.
As tyrannosaurids evolved into more advanced species, their growth rates increased.

Growth rates for individual T. rex varied according to differences in medical history.

C) T. rex had a significantly longer life span than other tyrannosaurids did.

D) Bone growth ring formation in T.rex is a random event.

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Brancusi, in turn, sued the US government, aiming to

Some filmmakers expect historical consultants to
secure recognition of his sculpture as art. The resultant
commit to long-term projects, while others assign tasks
1927 court case, Brancusi v. United States, attempted
that can be completed in a short period of time. In the
to answer for the American public the question of
2003 historical film Master and Commander, a team of
whether abstract works like Brancusi’s should be
consultants was tasked with re-creating life aboard an
considered art. After hearing a lineup of famous art
1805 warship. One of these consultants spent months
critics testify to the aesthetic value and originality of
training actors to operate cannons. Regardless of a
nonrepresentational art like Bird in Space, the court
project’s scope, however, the task of a historical
ruled in favor of Brancusi. The decision
consultant is always the same: to enhance the accuracy
Which choice most logically completes the text?
of a film. Henry Louis Gates Jr., a prominent scholar of
A) meant that the public had finally come to
African American history, vetted the script of 12 Years a
recognize the artistic value of
Slave and Which choice
nonrepresentational art.
most logically completes the text?

.
B) was a great victory for art collectors like
A) serves as the director of Harvard University’s
Steichen: a major impediment to their ability
Hutchins Center for African and African
to import artworks from Europe had been
American Research.
eliminated.
B) even wrote the film’s concluding credits
lines about
lines
C) would forever broaden the range of art
the mystery surrounding Northup’s
the protagonist’s
ffffff
acknowledged by the US government: from
disappearance in 1857.
then on, customs law would recognize both
C) has also authored numerous books on African
abstract and traditional works within the
American literature and culture.
category of art.
D) played a large role in discovering and
D) concerning the value of abstract works such as
disseminating the earliest novels written by
Bird in Space would take many more years to
African Americans in the 1850s.
be made in the court of public opinion,

however.

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There is also a practical reason for studying fulgurites. While the story of Cinderella has been depicted

Lightning plays a major role in power distribution countless times, few of its lead actresses are as

system failures in areas where thunderstorm activity is fetching as the young heroine of Fay’s Fairy Tales. A

high. Aboveground power lines are often struck by cascade of blonde curls covers her shoulders, thick

lightning, causing power outages, but the effects of lashes frame soulful dark eyes, and her moist nose

lightning on buried power lines were not investigated appealingly at the end of a long snout. Which

until the 1990s. Research at the University of Florida choice completes the text so that it conforms to the

has shown that lightning can also disable underground conventions of standard english?

power systems because the strikes keep moving below A) glisten

ground. Examination of fulgurites around buried B) glistens

power systems is helping scientists determine the most C) glistened

effective shielding materials for power lines. Florida D) are glistening

averages about twenty-five to forty lightning strikes

.
per square mile each

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) year, so the scientists hope their work can help

Text
mitigate the damage caused by so many

strikes.

B) year, and lightning strikes are dangerous to

residents of the state as well as damaging to

its infrastructure.

C) year, but it is difficult to determine precisely

how many of those strikes leave

are behind
mmmmmmm
mmmmmmm
fulgurites.

D) year.
mmmmmmm

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In May 1846, a newly published book of poems was Sometimes, the need for a pen name is more personal.

delivered to the home of three siblings, but no casual In order to hide the fact that he was in prison, William

observer would have known that the recipients were Porter used the pen name O. Henry while publishing

also the authors. The names appearing on the book’s several stories prior to his release. In the nineteenth

cover—Currer, Ellis, and Acton weren’s actually century, a pen name often was used to disguise

the authors’ names. Which choice completes the text so gender.

that it conforms to the conventions of standard Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

english? the conventions of standard english?

A) Bell, A) its

B) Bell— B) one’s

C) Bell; C) their

D) Bell D) it’s

.
The list of writers who have chosen to use a pen name is lengthy. It includes Stephen King, who published novels

under the name Richard Bachman, and Samuel Clemens, who adopted the riverboat term Mark Twain. Why give

up the thrill of seeing one’s name in print? There are perhaps as many reasons for choosing to write under a pen

name as there are pen names themselves. An author may seek to protect his or her privacy, or authors already

known for a certain type of work may wish to avoid readers’ preconceptions when writing in a different genre.

Dean uses a pen name when writing mysteries.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard english?

A) Koontz, famous for his suspense thrillers,

B) Koontz, famous for his suspense thrillers

C) Koontz famous for his suspense thrillers,

D) Koontz famous for his suspense thrillers

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In the late 1800s, clothing store owner Levi Strauss patented the practice of putting rivets, tiny metal studs, on

the stress points of men’s “waist overalls.” waist overalls, which eventually would be known as jeans, were made

out of a durable cotton cloth used especially for work clothes.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of standard english?

A) denim,

B) denim;

C) denim being

D) denim, this was

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to In the 1950s, young film stars such as James Dean and

the conventions of SE? Marlon Brando, T-shirted and jeans-wearing renegades

Through the 1920s, waist overalls or jeans who listened to rock music, wore their blue jeans in the

.
considered work pants. However, in the 1930s, due to spirit of rebellion. In the 1960s and 1970s, hippies

the increasingly admired image of the rugged, personalized jeans—which had taken on the

jeans-wearing Western cowboy, jeans became relaxed look of the wide “bell” bottom—with

associated with adventure and individualism. embroidery, quilted patches, and beads.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of standard english? the conventions of standard english?

A) we’re primary A) there

B) primary were B) his or her own

C) were primarily C) they’re own

D) primarily we’re D) their

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Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition? transition?

McClintock found that some of the maize kernels were LEDs operate on extremely low voltages relative to

striped or spotted rather than the uniform color found standard (incandescent) bulbs. They also directly

in the parent plants. findings were in marked convert electrical current into light, thus eliminating

contrast to Mendel’s work, which had concluded that the need to waste energy on first heating a filament

the kernel color of offspring could be predicted from that then radiates light. In addition, LEDs last far longer

the combination of genes inherited from the parent than standard bulbs. Whereas a typical 75-watt

plants. incandescent bulb works for 750 hours, LEDs can

A) For example, these endure up to 50,000 hours of use. LEDs

B) Next, these are small, shock resistant, and (unlike another

C) Nonetheless, these often-touted alternative light source, compact

D) These fluorescent bulbs) mercury free.

.
A) As the case may be,

B) In the view of the foregoing,

C) What’s more,

D) To sum up,

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Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition? transition?

Each band or extended family group within the larger Hippotherapy is not at all like recreational horseback

tribe kept its own winter count. A council of elders riding. If you were to visit a hippotherapy center, you

would decide which event the year should be would see patients in different positions. One purpose

remembered for, such as a crucial buffalo hunt, the of these positions is to allow the patient to learn how

death of a great chief, or a dramatic meteor shower. his or her body responds as the horse walks.

a count would accumulate dozens of pictures trained spotters ensure the patient’s safety. Horses are

that, arranged in rows or in a spiral, told the people’s also used because many people are drawn to them.

story. A) In other words,

A) Over time, B) For example,

B) On the contrary, C) Of course,

C) Unexpectedly, D) That is,

D) Otherwise,

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● Gaspar Enriquez is an artist.

● He specializes in portraits of Mexican Americans.

● A portrait is an artistic representation of a person.

● Enriquez completed a painting of the sculptor Luis Jimenez in 2003.

● He completed a drawing of the writer Rudolfo Anaya in 2016.

The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two portraits. Which choice most effectively uses

relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. The portraits, or artistic representations, of Luis Jimenez and Rudolfo Anaya were both completed by

Enriquez in the early 2000s.

B. Enriquez has completed portraits of numerous Mexican Americans, including sculptor Luis Jimenez

and writer Rudolfo Anaya.

.
C. While both are by Enriquez, the 2003 portrait of Luis Jimenez is a painting, and the 2016 portrait of

Rudolfo Anaya is a drawing.

D. Luis Jimenez was a Mexican American sculptor, and Rudolfo Anaya was a Mexican American writer.

STOP

If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn

to any other module in the test.

229
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Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

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Digital SAT Tests

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

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 Digital SAT Tests

The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥. What is the In the linear function 𝑝, 𝑝(0) = 10 and 𝑝(1) = 11.

value of 𝑓(36)? Which equation defines 𝑝?

A) 18 A) 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 10

B) 9 B) 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 10

C) 6 C) 𝑝(𝑥) =− 𝑥 + 10

D) 0 D) 𝑝(𝑥) =− 𝑥 − 10

.
The figure shows a rectangle with a length of 𝑙 centimeters (cm) and a width of 𝑤 cm. The rectangle has a

perimeter of 108 cm. Which equation gives the perimeter in terms of 𝑙 and 𝑤?

A) 108 = 𝑙 − 𝑤

B) 108 = 𝑙 + 𝑤

C) 108 = 2𝑙 − 2𝑤

D) 108 = 2𝑙 + 2𝑤

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 Digital SAT Tests

Cassandra wants to create a 120-foot boundary by planting at most two different types of bushes. The line shown

models the possible combinations of the number of each type of bush she can plant. What is the best

interpretation of the 𝑦-intercept of the line in this context?

A) If Cassandra plants 0 Korean boxwoods, then she can plant 30 Emerald arborvitae.

.
B) If Cassandra plants 0 Korean boxwoods, then she can plant 40 Emerald arborvitae.

C) If Cassandra plants 0 Emerald arborvitae, then she can plant 30 Korean boxwoods.

D) If Cassandra plants 0 Emerald arborvitae, then she can plant 40 Korean boxwoods.

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The function 𝑘 is defined by 𝑘(𝑥) =− 3 𝑥 − 8. What is the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑥)?

2

A)

.
B)

C)

D)

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 Digital SAT Tests

If 11𝑟 = 8𝑟 + 9, what is the value of 5𝑟? How many solutions does the equation

6(𝑥 − 1) = 3(2𝑥 − 3) have?

A) Zero

B) Exactly one

C) Exactly two

D) Infinitely many

The surface area, 𝑆, of a cylinder with a radius of 5 is 2|𝑥 − 2| = 6

defined by 𝑆 = 2π(52) + 2π(5)ℎ , where ℎ is the height What is the sum of the solutions to the given equation?

of the cylinder. If the equation is rewritten in the form A) −3

ℎ = 𝑆 − 𝑦, where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are constants, what is the B) 0

𝑥
value of 𝑦? C) 4

.
D) 8

Which expression is equivalent to

3 2 3 2
(2𝑥 − 𝑥 ) − (𝑥 − 2𝑥 )?
3 2
A) 𝑥 −𝑥
3
B) 𝑥 + 𝑥2
C) 3
2
𝑥 − 3𝑥
2
D)
3
Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is shown. If the length of each side of 𝑥 + 3𝑥

triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is increased by a factor of 2 to create

triangle 𝐴'𝐵'𝐶', what is the measure of angle 𝐴'?

A) 40°

B) 20°

C) 10°

D) 6°

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 Digital SAT Tests

The complete graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is shown in the 𝑥𝑦

-plane above. How many solutions does the equation

𝑓(𝑥) = 0 have?

A) One

B) Two
A system of inequalities is graphed in the 𝑥𝑦-plane
C) Three
shown, and the solution is represented by the shaded
D) Four

.
region. Which of the following could define this

system?

A) 𝑦 < 𝑥 − 2

𝑦 ≤− 𝑥 + 2

B) 𝑦 < 𝑥 − 2

𝑦 ≥− 𝑥 + 2

C) 𝑦 > 𝑥 − 2

𝑦 ≤− 𝑥 + 2

D) 𝑦 > 𝑥 − 2

𝑦 ≥− 𝑥 + 2

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 Digital SAT Tests

If 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 500 and 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 875, what is the value

of 𝑦?

What expression is equal to the value of 𝑥 in the

triangle shown?

A) 10𝑡𝑎𝑛42°

B) 10𝑠𝑖𝑛42°
10
C) 𝑡𝑎𝑛42°

10
D)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 42°

.
2
Which expression is equivalent to ( 𝑡 + 𝑣 )? The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (− 1)(5) 𝑥 − 7. What
2 2
2 2
𝑡 is the 𝑦-intercept of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑦
A) 2 + 𝑣
2
2 2 -plane?
𝑡 𝑣
B) 4 + 4 A) (0, − 12)
𝑡2 𝑣2
C) + 𝑡𝑣 + B) (0, − 8)
2 2
2
𝑡 𝑡𝑣 𝑣
2
C) (0, − 7)
D) 4 + 2
+ 4
D) (0, − 1)

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 Digital SAT Tests

2
A business had initial yearly fixed costs of $35,000 𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 3 = 0

when it opened. The yearly fixed costs 𝐹, in dollars, the The solutions to the given equation can be written in

business increased each year by 6% for the first 10 −7± 𝑐

the form , where 𝑐 is a constant. What is the
2
years after the business opened. Which equation gives
value of 𝑐?
the yearly fixed costs 𝑛 years after the business

opened?
𝑛
A) 𝐹 = 35, 000(1. 60)
𝑛
B) 𝐹 = 35, 000(1. 06)
𝑛
C) 𝐹 = 35, 000(0. 60)
𝑛
D) 𝐹 = 35, 000(0. 06)

.
In the semicircle above, 𝑂𝐴 and 𝑂𝐵 are radii. The Point P is the center of the circle in the figure shown,

length of arc 𝐴𝐶 is 14π and 𝑥 = 70. What is the length and 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶. If ∠𝐵𝑃𝐶 = 60 ◦ , what is the value of 𝑥?

of 𝑂𝐴?

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 Digital SAT Tests

Monthly profit for Company Z

That table above shows the profit of Company Z each month for a 5-month period. What is the total profit in

dollars, that Company Z must have for the next 3 months in order to have an average (arithmetic mean) profit

per month of $1000 for the entire 8-month period? (Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer.)

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

239
Digital SAT Tests

Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS

The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is

permitted for all questions.

NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:

• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.

• Figures provided are drawn to scale.

• All figures lie in a plane.

• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

240
Digital SAT Tests

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from

the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer

for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get

credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no

answers circled.

For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your

answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.

● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything

written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.

● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters

(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.

.
If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), write the decimal equivalent.

● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters

for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.

● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)

or its decimal equivalent (3.5).

● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled

answer

241
Digital SAT Tests

If 2𝑥 = 7, what is the value of 2𝑥 + 1? A data set containing 30 numbers is summarized in

A) 2.5 the table.

B) 4.5 Value Frequency

C) 6
8 7
D) 8

9 0

10 5

11 8

12 10

How many numbers in the data set have a value of

.
11?

Person A studied a list of 15 words while listening to The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 10𝑥 − 4. For

music. Person B studied the same list of 15 words in what value of 𝑥 is 𝑓(𝑥) = 26?

silence. If Person A memorized 80% of the words A)

1
3
and Person B memorized 60% of the words, how 22
B) 10
many more words did Person A memorize than
C) 3
Person B?
D) 4
A) 3

B) 7

C) 9

D) 12

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Digital SAT Tests

Department Number of undergraduate students

Social science 1,125

Engineering 853

Language 512

In 2016, a certain university had a total of 8,530 undergraduate students. The table shows the number of

undergraduate students in each of three departments. No undergraduate student belonged to more than

one department. There were 1,831 undergraduate students who had not chosen a department.

Of all undergraduate students in the social science department at the university in 2016, 8% were in-state

residents. How many undergraduate students in the social science department were in-state residents?

A) 90
B) 146

.
C) 199

D) 682

3
3(𝑥 + 7) = 648 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 13

Which of the following is a solution to the given 6𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 11

equation? The solution to the given system of equations is

A) −7 (𝑥, 𝑦). What is the value of 9𝑥 + 3𝑦?

B) −1
C) 0

D) 1
7

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Digital SAT Tests

A random sample of 100 female teachers was If the expression

𝑘
, where 𝑘 is a constant, is
2𝑥+3
selected from all the female teachers in a school 1
equivalent to for all positive values of 𝑥, what
8𝑥+12
district. Each of the teachers selected was asked a
is the value of 𝑘?
survey question about an upcoming city ballot

proposal. Of those surveyed, 42% responded yes to

the question. What is the largest population to

which the results of the survey can be generalized?

A) All adults in the city

B) All adults in the city who are female

C) All teachers in the school district

D) All teachers in the school district who are

female

If 6𝑟 = 8𝑠, which expresssion is equivalent to 24r ?

-
The electric cha rge, in millia mpere- -hours, that flows

A) 2𝑠 through a wire in a particular amount of time is the

B) 4𝑠 product of the current of the wire, in milliamperes,

C) 26𝑠 and the time, in hours. The current in a certain wire

D) 32𝑠 is 100 milliamperes. What electric charge, in

milliampere-hours, flows through this wire in 0.1

hour?

A) 1

B) 10

C) 600

D) 6,000

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Digital SAT Tests

2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 100

What is the minimum value of the given function?

The dot plot shown gives the recorded maximum

wind speeds, in miles per hour (mph), for 9

consecutive hours at High Point Monument. What is

the median of the recorded maximum wind speeds,

in miles per hour?

A) 13

B) 15

C) 16

D) 20

. 𝑡
The equation 𝐵 = 21(1. 18) models the number of bison in a population from 1902 to 1915, where 𝑡 is the

number of years since 1902. Based on the model, by what percentage did the number of bison increase

each year?

A) 0.18%

B) 0.21%

C) 18%

D) 21%

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Digital SAT Tests

What system of linear equations is represented by the lines shown?

A) 𝑦 = 1 𝑥
3

𝑦 =𝑥−2

B) 𝑦 = 1 𝑥
3

𝑦 =𝑥+2

C) 𝑦 = 3𝑥

𝑦 =𝑥−2 .
D) 𝑦 = 3𝑥

𝑦 =𝑥+2

Line 𝑗 is defined by 𝑦 = 7𝑥 + 6. Line 𝑘 is perpendicular to line 𝑗 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. What is the slope of line 𝑘?

A) -7

B) -6

C) − 1
6

D) − 1
7

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Digital SAT Tests

An agility course consists of several obstacles that dogs must pass during a run. A dog earns 1 point for

each obstacle it successfully passes during the run. The scatterplot shows the number of points earned by

10 dogs for each of two separate runs. How many of the 10 dogs earned the same number of points on

both runs?

A)

B)
1

2
.
C) 3

D) 4

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Digital SAT Tests

The table shows the distribution of 556 pea plants

classified by flower color and seed color.

Seed color Flower color

Purple White Total

Green 108 32 140

Yellow 315 101 416

Total 423 133 556

The graph shown models the relationship between a
If one of the plants is selected at random, which of
certain kitten’s age 𝑥, in days, and weight 𝑦, in
the following is closest to the probability that it has
ounces, for the first 56 days of its life. Which
green seeds?
equation models this relationship?
A) 0.14 A) 𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥
B) 0.25

C) 0.34 . B) 𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥 + 4

C) 𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥 + 32
D) 0.76 D) 𝑦 = 0. 5𝑥 + 56

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Digital SAT Tests

The mean distance between Earth and the Moon is For the period from 1999 through 2013 in the United

modeled by an increasing linear function of time. States, the price of a first-class postage stamp never

Which of the following scenarios could describe this decreased, while the average price of a gallon of

linear relationship? unleaded regular gasoline both decreased and

A) Each year the mean distance between Earth increased. The scatterplot below shows the

and the Moon increases by 3.8% over the relationship between the price of a first-class

previous year. postage stamp, in cents, and the average price of a

B) Each year the mean distance between Earth gallon of unleaded regular gasoline, in dollars, in

and the Moon is 3.8 times greater than it July of each year from 1999 through 2013.

was the previous year/

C) The mean distance between Earth and the

Moon doubles every 3.8 years.

D) The mean distance between Earth and the

.
Moon increases by 3.8 centimeters each

year.

Which of the following could be the equation of the

line of best fit?

A) 𝑦 =− 0. 18𝑥 + 1. 1

B) 𝑦 = 0. 18𝑥

C) 𝑦 = 0. 18𝑥 + 1. 1

D) 𝑦 = 0. 18𝑥 − 4. 7

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 Digital SAT Tests

Line segments 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 intersect at point 𝐸 as shown. Which of the following additional pieces of

information is(are) sufficient to determine that angle 𝐴𝐸𝐵 is it obtuse?

I. Angle 𝐵𝐸𝐶 is acute.

II. Angle 𝐷𝐸𝐶 is obtuse.

A) I is sufficient, but II is not.

.
B) II is sufficient, but I is not.

C) I is sufficient, and II is sufficient.

D) Neither I nor II is sufficient.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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Digital SAT Tests

PRACTICE
TEST 6

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 Digital SAT Tests

Practice Test 6

Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

The science of geno mics is developing better, cheaper,, Look around. you . Do you se
ee art in your immediate
and faster ways to decode our DNA, and doctors are surroundings? What qualities that certain things
becoming more at using this information to are art? Definitions of art vary widely, but most tend to
create “personalized medicine.” Other researchers are fall within general notions that have developed over
learning how to turn the most rudimentary human the centuries.
cells, “stem cells,” into specialized tissues to help repair
damaged human organs. And oncologists—cancer Which choice completes the text with the most logical
specialists—are now coming to understand how the and precise word or phrase?
human immune system can be decoded to provide a A) decide
crucial weapon against the most dangerous tumors. B) arrange
Which choice completes the text with the most logical C) regulate
and precise word or phrase? D) determine
A) apropos
B) adept
C) liable
D) essential

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 Digital SAT Tests

This text is adapted from the book chapter “The Discovery Settlement of Polynesia” by DennisKawaharada
(Ⓒ1999 by University of Hawai’i).

Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa are islands of Polynesia.

The Polynesian migration to Hawai’i was part of one of the most remarkable achievements of humanity: the
discovery and settlement of the remote, widely scattered islands of the central Pacific. The migration began
before the birth of Christ. While Europeans were sailing close to the coastlines of continents before developing
navigational instruments that would allow them to venture onto the open ocean, voyagers from Fiji, Tonga, and
Samoa began to settle islands in an ocean area of over 10 million square miles. The settlement took a thousand
years to complete and involved finding and fixing in mind the position of islands, sometimes less than a mile in
diameter on which the highest landmark was a coconut tree. By the time European explorers entered the Pacific
Ocean in the 16th century almost all the habitable islands had been settled for hundreds of years.

Which choice best describes the function of the second sentence in the overall structure of the text?
A) To provide a contrast between the Polynesian and European explorations of the central Pacific in the
sixteenth century, on the basis of the number of square miles explored.

.
B) To provide a contrast between the earliest navigational instruments used by Polynesian voyagers and
those used by European explorers.
C) To provide a contrast between the design and construction of Polynesian canoes and the design and
construction of European ships.
D) To provide a contrast between the extent of exploration by Polynesians and by Europeans during the
same period in history.

Snake venom is one of the most effective methods of self-preservation in the animal kingdom. It is, essentially,
toxic saliva composed of different enzymes that immobilizes prey. One type of toxin, known as a hemotoxin,
targets the victim’s circulatory system and muscle tissue. The other is called a neurotoxin, and it affects the
nervous system by causing heart failure or breathing difficulties. Although deadly, some snake venoms have
been found to have curative properties. In fact, toxinologists, herpetologists, and other scientists have used the
venom of a Brazilian snake to develop a class of drugs that is used to treat hypertension.

Which choice best describes the function of the last sentence in the overall structure of the text?
A) explain how medicines are derived from snake venom
B) show how evolutionarily advanced snakes are
C) provide evidence to support the statement made in the previous sentence
D) suggest that Brazilian snakes have more curative venom than other snakes

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TEXT 1
But even without the legend, the chest beating, wisecracking pose that was later to seem so incredibly absurd,
his impact upon us was tremendous. The feeling he gave us was one of immense expansiveness, freedom and, at
the same time, absolute stability and control. We could follow him, imitate his cold detachment, through all the
doubts and fears of adolescence and come out pure and untouched. The words he put down seemed to us to
have been carved from the living stone of life. They conveyed exactly the taste, smell and feel of experience as it
was, as it might possibly be. And so we began unconsciously to translate our own sensations into their terms and
to impose on everything we did and felt the particular emotions they aroused in us.

TEXT 2
One wonders why Hemingway’s greatest works now seem unable to evoke the same sense
of a tottering world that in the 1920s established Ernest Hemingway’s reputation. These novels
should be speaking to us. Our social structure is as shaken, our philosophical despair as great,
our everyday experience as unsatisfying. We have had more war than Hemingway ever dreamed of. Our
violence—physical, emotional, and intellectual—is not inferior to that of the 1920s. Yet Hemingway’s great novels

.
no longer seem to penetrate deeply the surface of existence. One begins to doubt that they ever did so
significantly in the 1920s.

On which topic do the authors of the two passages most strongly disagree?
A. The economy of Hemingway’s writing
B. The incisiveness of Hemingway’s prose
C. The sincerity of Hemingway’s portrayals
D. The extent of Hemingway’s reputation

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In fact, Hahnemann’s methodology for scientifically testing potential treatments was remarkably
modern. Nevertheless, his conclusions remain extraordinarily controversial. One of the main points of contention
involves the standard homeopathic practice of heavy dilution to create the appropriate dose of a substance.
Dilution of homeopathic substances happens in stages. Hahnemann had hypothesized that shaking the solution
after each dilution would imprint
the molecular “memory” of the original substance into the solution, which would allow the diluted dose to be
effective without the possibility of overdose or adverse side effects.

According to the text, why did Hahnemann hypothesize that heavily diluted substances remained effective?
A) Because shaking each dilution imprinted the molecular “memory” of the original substance into the
solution.

B) Because substances that were too strong often had no effect on the patient.
C) Because dilution made the substance more similar to the original disease.
D) Because he used modern methodology for testing potential treatments, foregoing any information
learned in the past.

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 Digital SAT Tests

This passage is from Joseph Conrad, The Secret Sharer. It was originally published in 1912. The narrator of this
story is the captain of a ship about to begin a voyage.

“Bless my soul, sir! You don’t say so!”

My second mate was a round-cheeked, silent young man, grave beyond his years, I thought; but as our eyes
happened to meet I detected a slight quiver on his lips. I looked down at once. It
was not my part to encourage sneering on board my ship. It must be said, too, that I knew very little of my
officers. In consequence of certain events of no particular significance, except to myself, I had been appointed to
the command only a fortnight before. Neither did I know much of the hands forward. All these people had been
together for eighteen months or so, and my position was that of the only stranger on board. I mention this
because it has some bearing on what is to follow. But what I felt most was my being a stranger to the ship; and if
all the truth must be told, I was somewhat of a stranger to myself. The youngest man on board (barring the
second mate), and untried as yet by a position of the fullest responsibility, I was willing to take the adequacy of
the others for granted. They had simply to be equal to their tasks. But I wondered how far I should turn out
faithful to that ideal conception of one’s own personality every man sets up for himself secretly.

Based on the text, what is true about the captain ?

A) The captain is portrayed primarily as self-conscious and diffident.

B) The captain is portrayed primarily as rugged and adventurous.
C) The captain is portrayed primarily as anxious and short-tempered.
D) The captain is portrayed primarily as scholarly yet intimidating

A cold wind soothed the faces of the sweaty men huddled on the muddy field. The team stared at the goal line
and focused on the game-ending, season-defining play in front of them. Dusty air filled their lungs with each
deep heave they mustered.

The main point of the first paragraph

text is that: text is
is that:
that:

A) football is a game whose players can get very dirty.

B) the players have all worked hard to arrive at a crucial point in the game.
C) the long fall sports season can include some cold weather days.
D) cool grass fields are ideal surfaces for football games.

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Microfiber synthetics have been taking the place of natural fibers in an ever-increasing number of clothes
because they provide the same durability and deplete fewer natural resources. A shirt made of microfiber
synthetics is, however, three times as expensive to produce as a natural-fiber shirt. It follows that the substitution
of microfiber synthetic clothes for natural-fiber clothes is, at this time, not recommended from a financial
standpoint.

Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A) Microfiber synthetic shirt costs one-half the price of a natural-fiber shirt to maintain.
B) The production of microfiber synthetic clothes necessitates garment factories to renovate obsolete
machinery and to hire extra workers to operate the new machines.
C) The upkeep of natural-fiber shirts is far less expensive than the upkeep of any other natural-fiber
garment in current production.
D) While producers anticipate that the cost of microfiber synthetics will remain stable, they recognize that
the advent of recycling programs for natural fibers should bring down the costs of natural fibers.

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10

Since the Human Genome Project was completed in 2003, the National Human Genome Research Institute has

.
monitored the cost of decoding a single human-sized genome. A famous law in computer science, known as
“Moore’s Law,” says that the cost of processing a given quantity of information should decline by 50% every two
years or so. In fact, with “second generation” sequencing techniques developed in 2008,

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?
A) far more people have been able to take advantage of genome decoding.
B) the cost per genome decoded has dropped well below what Moore’s Law had predicted.
C) the number of genomes decoded has dropped well below what Moore’s Law had predicted.
D) the cost per genome decoded has dropped well below that of most other medical tests.

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Although engineers are often unfairly portrayed in the media as mere number-crunchers, we all depend on their
work every day. The safety of our drinking water, the reliability of our roads and bridges, the usability of our
smartphones are, and even the sustainability of the earth’s ecosystem all depend on the work of engineers. As we
become more dependent on technologies of all sorts, engineering fields are growing quickly. ____

The writer wants to add a sentence here that provides a specific and relevant detail from the graph. Which choice
most effectively uses data from the graph to accomplish this goal?

.
A) All engineering fields are expected to grow by at least 5% per year for the foreseeable future.
B) Some engineering fields will more than double in size over the next 10 years.
C) Some engineering fields will remain stagnant over the next 10 years, while many will grow dramatically.
D) Some engineering fields are expected to grow by over 25% in the next 10 years.

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Working in relative obscurity, one 20th century scientist may have saved nearly 1 billion lives. His name is
Norman Borlaug, and he founded the scientific movement that we now call the Green Revolution. Borlaug
received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his work around the world to develop and distribute high-yield
varieties of wheat and rice, promote better agricultural management te
chniques, and modernize irrigation infrastructure. Largely as a result of Borlaug’s work,

.
_________________________ between 1960 and 2014.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?
A) wheat yields throughout the world increased by over 200%
B) total wheat production throughout the world increased by over 100%
C) wheat yields per hectare in the world’s least developed countries increased by over 100%
D) total wheat production in the world’s least developed countries increased by over 200%

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.
The reason we—anatomically modern humans—won out [in our competition with the Neanderthals] lies, we
suspect, not in being brighter or better able to speak but in our very physical frailty and our resulting need to
exploit our minds. Neanderthals, stronger than us, did not need to take this route. They could survive with their
physical strength rather than tapping the potential of their brains. An analogy is with countries: the richest ones,
such as Switzerland, Finland, Singapore, and Japan, are not blessed with, but rather lack, natural resources.
Without them, they have been forced to use their brains to innovate, providing products and services ranging
from cell phones to diplomacy.

Which choice best describes the data from the graph that support the main argument of the text?
A) Hominid species have existed for over 2,000,000 years.
B) H. neanderthals had a long vocal chamber.
C) H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis both existed in the period between 100,000 and 40,000 years ago.
D) H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis had a common ancestor.

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The last members of a now-extinct species of a European wild deer called the giant deer lived in Ireland about
16,000 years ago. Prehistoric cave paintings in France depict this animal as having a large hump on its back.
Fossils of this animal, however, do not show any hump. Nevertheless, there is no reason to conclude that the cave
paintings are therefore inaccurate in this regard, since .

Which choice most logically completes the text?

A) some prehistoric cave paintings in France also depict other animals as having a hump
B) fossils of the giant deer are much more common in Ireland than in France
C) animal humps are composed of fatty tissue, which does not fossilize
D) the cave paintings of the giant deer were painted well before 16,000 years ago

As the American population grows, ages, and gains Undergraduate students considering a career in
better access to affordable health insurance, the medicine have many more options than they did just a
demand for primary medical services is expected to generation ago. Graduate physician assistant (PA) and
skyrocket. As a result, the United States Department of nurse practitioner (NP) programs, which take about

.
Health and Human Services projects a shortage of three years, are becoming increasingly attractive,
about 20,000 primary care physicians by 2020. especially seven to ten years and often
Therefore, an important challenge facing the leave students saddled with tens of thousands of
healthcare industry is how to address this shortfall dollars in debt.
without sacrificing quality of care. One possible
solution is to incentivize more medical school Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
graduates to choose primary care as their field instead the conventions of Standard English?
of like surgery and A) being that MD programs, including residency,
dermatology. lasting
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to B) when MD programs, including residence, are
the conventions of Standard English? lasting

A) their choosing the more lucrative specialties C) being that MD programs last, including

B) to choose the more lucrative specialties residency,

C) the more lucrative specialties D) because MD programs, including residency,

D) the more lucrative specialties they might can last

choose

17

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What is education? Is it a program of institutionally By the age of 20, Maria Montessori had changed her
approved performances, or a collection of self-directed mind and decided to pursue an even less traditional
experiences? Such questions absorbed Maria path: medicine. Despite suffering ridicule and isolation,
Montessori throughout her life. Born in 1870 in one of the first female
as a child. As a teenager, physicians in Italy.
she told her parents that she wanted to study
engineering, despite its reputation for being Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
unladylike. the conventions of Standard English?
A) Montessori’s medical studies at the University
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to of Rome were completed and she became
the conventions of Standard English? B) Montessori completed her medical studies at

A. NO CHANGE the University of Rome by becoming

B. Chiaravalle, Italy. Montessori showed a strong C) Montessori’s medical studies were completed,

independent will, even at the University of Rome, and thus she

C. Chiaravalle, Italy, Montessori showed a strong, became

independent will, even D) Montessori completed her medical studies at

.
D. Chiaravalle, Italy; Montessori showed a strong, the University of Rome and became
independent will even

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In 1900, Maria Montessori was appointed co-director of In 1907 Maria Montessori opened the Casa dei
the Scuola Magistrale Ortofrenica, a training institute Bambini, or “Children’s House,” a daycare center for
for special education teachers. Montessori believed impoverished children in which she could test her
that, in order for so-called “deficient” children to thrive, theory that . She personalized a
they needed respect and stimulation rather than curriculum for each child rather than providing a

. standardized course of study.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

the conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English?

A) the regimentation they were receiving in A) children’s minds each learn according to
institutions. they’re own schedule

B) receiving regimentation in institutions B) each child’s mind learns according to its own

C) the regimented institutions they were schedule

receiving C) childrens’ minds learn according to its own

D) the regimentation of the institutions they were schedule

receiving D) children’s minds each learn according to their

own schedule

In 1933, the totalitarian r egimes in Italy and Germany Many healthcare providers are moving toward the
“team-based” model, whereby physicians can better
closed all Montessori schools and declared them
focus on their specialities while relying on trained
subversive. Even outside of Europe, divided.
professionals to provide other necessary services.
Many eminent scholars, inventors, and politicians—
Team-based medicine allows medical practitioners to
among them Alexander Graham Bell, Helen Keller,
best utilize their particular skills, sharing the
Thomas Edison, Mahatma Gandhi, and Woodrow
successes and struggles of the team.
Wilson— greeted her ideas with enthusiasm.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
transition?
the conventions of Standard English?
A) still
A) the response to Montessori’s ideas were
B) while at the same time
B) the response to Montessori’s ideas was
C) while
C) Montessori’s ideas had a response that was
D) although
D) Montessori’s ideas response was

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As the Montessori method was gaining a foothold, When we look at the moon, we see a spherical object.
Europe was undergoing dramatic social and political But do “spheres” really exist? This may seem to be a
change. In the 25 years after their founding, silly question, because it’s not hard to understand the
Montessori schools were regarded as a remedy to the definition of a sphere: “the set of all points in space
educational problems associated with rapid urban that are a fixed distance (called the radius) from a fixed
population growth throughout Europe. fascism point (called the center).” We see examples of
began to proliferate in the 1930s throughout Spain, “spherical” objects all the time, don’t we? ,
Italy, and Germany, child-centered education came to nothing that we can observe in our physical world
be seen as a threat to the power of the state. corresponds perfectly to this mathematical definition
of a sphere.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
transition? Which choice completes the text with the most logical

A) So as transition?

B) When A) First,
C) However, as B) So
D) Furthermore, as C) While

.
D) In fact,

Even within a single English-speaking country there are many different dialects of English. In the United
States, , distinct regional dialects include those spoken in Boston, the Mid-Atlantic, Southern states, the
Upper Midwest, and California.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) consequently
B) additionally
C) by contrast
D) for instance

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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 1971, experimental musician Pauline Oliveros created Sonic Meditations.

● Sonic Meditations is not music but rather a series of sound-based exercises called meditations.
● Each meditation consists of instructions for participants to make, imagine, listen to, or remember
sounds.

● The instructions for Meditation V state, “walk so silently that the bottoms of your feet become ears.”
● Those for Meditation XVIII state, “listen to a sound until you no longer recognize it.”

The student wants to provide an explanation and an example of Oliveros’s Sonic Meditations. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Sonic Meditations is not music but rather a series of sound-based meditations that consist of
instructions; Meditation XVIII, for instance, instructs participants to “listen to a sound until you no longer
recognize it.”
B) While both meditations consist of instructions, Meditation XVIII instructs participants to “listen,” whereas
Meditation V instructs participants to “walk.”

.
C) In 1971, Oliveros created Sonic Meditations, a series of meditations that consist of instructions for
participants to make, imagine, listen to, or remember sounds.
D) “Walk so silently that the bottoms of your feet become ears” is one example of the instructions found in
Oliveros’s Sonic Meditations.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

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● Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades star cluster as having
seven stars.

● It was referred to as the Seven Sisters in the mythology of ancient Greece.

● Today, the cluster appears to have only six stars.
● Two of the stars have moved so close together that they now appear as one.

The student wants to specify the reason the Pleiades’ appearance changed. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A. Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades, which was referred to
in Greek mythology as the Seven Sisters, as having seven stars.

B. Although once referred to as the Seven Sisters, the Pleiades appears to have only six stars today.
C. In the time since ancient cultures described the Pleiades as having seven stars, two of the cluster’s stars
have moved so close together that they now appear as one.

D. The Pleiades has seven stars, but two are so close together that they appear to be a single star.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

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Reading and Writing

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer

Outraged at what it viewed as subversive propaganda Approved in 1920, the 19th Amendment

created by an immoral man, the United States millions of American women

government Chaplin’s reentry visa during a who had been denied the right to vote since the

trip to London in 1952. Sixty-three years old and tired ratification of the Constitution in 1789.

.
of fighting against a force unwilling to hear his
message, Chaplin agreed to exile rather than going Which choice completes the text with the most logical

back to America and facing interrogation and lived the and precise word or phrase?

rest of his years in Europe. He returned twenty years A) enfranchised

later to receive an Academy Award for lifetime B) depreciated
achievement. C) remunerated
D) enlightened
Which choice completes the text with the most logical
and precise word or phrase?

A) eradicated
B) revoked
C) excluded
D) Abolished

Americans understood the full of the At first, a still-life painting can appear quite ,

Cuban Missile Crisis when President Kennedy, calmly its focus on such everyday objects as flowers or fruits

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but with great seriousness, informed the public that apparently uninspired. In the hands of an adept
any attack on the United States from Cuba would painter, however, careful attention to slight shifts of
trigger a full nuclear retaliation against the Soviet color and texture can lead to a truly sublime and
Union. exemplary painting.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical
and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase?

A) extravagance A) vital
B) virulence B) luxuriant
C) gravity C) banal
D) avarice D) exclusive

The leaders
The leadersofof Ukraine’s “Orange
Ukraine’s Revolution”
“Orange were a were a
Revolution” Politicians sometimes appear to act in a manner that is

.
study in contrasts. At the center of the political storm
study in contrasts.
stood Viktor At the
Yushchenko, his center of theface
once comely political storm almost ; however, when all the information
transformed into a monstrous mask by dioxin poisoning;
stood Viktor
but, at his Yushchenko,
side, no one could misshisthe
oncecomely face
_________Yulia is released after the fact, it is apparent that they were
Tymoshenko, soon to become the world’s only prime
acting according to a deliberate plan.
minister transformed into of
to adorn the covers a monstrous mask by dioxin
fashion magazines.
poisoning; but, at his side, no one could miss the
mmm
mmm Yulia Tymoshenko, soon to become the Which choice completes the text with the most logical
mm and precise word or phrase?
world’s only prime minister to adorn the covers of
mm
fashion magazines.
mm A) pithy
B) conventional
Which choice completes the text with the most logical C) conformist
and precise word or phrase? D) whimsical

A) prepossessing
B) decorous
C) felicitous
D) quiescent

Kazan was quickly rebuked by many of his Plato, an important philosopher, is primarily known

contemporaries for his transgression, who saw his because he wrote down Socrates’s

testimony as treachery, an act of which conversations. It is through Plato’s record of these

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stained how they viewed him both as an artist and as a dialogues that Socrates’s teachings have survived and
man. It was only by continually making films that he continue to enlighten seekers of wisdom.
was able to expiate his perceived sins and achieve
some measure of atonement. Which choice completes the text with the most logical
and precise word or phrase?
Which choice completes the text with the most logical A) inspiring
and precise word or phrase? B) edifying

A) perfidy C) tedious
B) sophistry D) rousing
C) redemption
D) laud

This following text discusses the benefits of using Song of Myself is an 1892 poem by Walt Whitman. In
hydrogen as a renewable energy source.
the poem, Whitman indicates that what
poetry is not the
capacity spoken
narrator
Scientists worldwide have been working diligently to
from the
have for authoritative
intelligence, voice ofalso
the audience thehave.
poet, but spoken
advance hydrogen as a renewable energy source.

.
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
from the collective experience of all the people.
Hydrogen, the most abundant element in the universe,
is found primarily with oxygen in water. Because it can
Which quotation from “Song of Myself” most effectively
be safely used as fuel, it is a candidate for gasoline
illustrates the claim?
replacement in passenger vehicles.
A) “I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health
According to the passage, which of the following is true
begin,/Hoping to cease not till death.”
of hydrogen?
B) “I loafe and invite my soul,/I lean and loafe at
A) It exists mostly with oxygen in water
my ease observing a spear of summer grass.”
molecules in its natural state.
C) “Creeds and schools in abeyance,/Retiring
B) It is more efficient than solar power as an
back a while sufficed at what they are, but
energy source.
never forgotten.”
C) It can be used as fuel in most types of engines.
D) “And what I assume you shall assume,/For
D) It can be easily harvested from water
every atom belonging to me as good belongs
molecules.
to you.”

Rose in Bloom is a 1876 novel by Louisa May Alcott. It depicts the story of a nineteenth-century girl, Rose
Campbell, finding her way in society. It can be inferred from the novel that Rose is “both pleased and pained”

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when she views her cousins from the ship

car because she senses that her relationship with her cousins has

changed.

Which quotation from the novel most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) “It was only a glance, and her own eyes were full, but through the mist of happy tears she received the
impression that Archie was about the same, that Mac had decidedly improved, and that something was
amiss with Charlie.”
B) “She was with difficulty released from his embrace to fall into the gentler ones of the elder cousins, who
took advantage of the general excitement to welcome both blooming girls with affectionate impartiality.”
C) “There was no time for observation, however, for in a moment the shoreward rush began, and before she
could grasp her traveling bag, Jamie was clinging to her like an ecstatic young bear.”
D) “Archie remained to help his uncle get the luggage through the Custom House, and the others escorted
the damsels home. No sooner were they shut up in a carriage, however, than a new and curious
constraint seemed to fall upon the young people, for they realized, all at once, that their former
playmates were men and women now.”

.
Either food scarcity or excessive hunting can threaten a population of animals. If the group faces food scarcity,
individuals in the group will reach reproductive maturity later than otherwise. If the group faces excessive
hunting, individuals that reach reproductive maturity earlier will come to predominate. Therefore, it should be
possible to determine whether prehistoric mastodons became extinct because of food scarcity or human hunting,
since there are fossilized mastodon remains from both before and after mastodon populations declined, and

.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) there are more fossilized mastodon remains from the period before mastodon populations began to
decline than from after that period
B) the average age at which mastodons from a given period reached reproductive maturity can be
established from their fossilized remains

C) it can be accurately estimated from fossilized remains when mastodons became extinct
D) it is not known when humans first began hunting mastodons

It is generally believed that people receiving frequent

medical checkups are likely to need hospitalization less

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Leaf beetles damage willow trees by stripping away frequently than they would otherwise; after all, many
their leaves, but a combination of parasites and things can be done following a checkup to prevent
predators generally keeps populations of these beetles problems that, if ignored, might become acute and
in check. Researchers have found that severe air then require hospitalization. But for people with
pollution results in reduced predator populations. The chronic illnesses, frequent medical checkups are likely
parasites, by contrast, are not adversely affected by to lead to more frequent hospitalization since
pollution; nevertheless, the researchers’ discovery .
probably does explain why leaf beetles cause
particularly severe damage to willows in areas with Which choice most logically completes the text?
severe air pollution, since . A) the recommended treatments for
complications of many chronic illnesses
Which choice most logically completes the text? involve hospitalization even if those
A) neither the predators nor the parasites of leaf complications are detected while barely
beetles themselves attack willow trees noticeable
B) the parasites that attack leaf beetles actually B) medical checkups sometimes do not reveal
tend to be more prevalent in areas with severe early symptoms of those chronic illnesses that

.
air pollution than they are elsewhere are best treated in a hospital
C) the damage caused by leaf beetles is usually C) the average length of a hospital stay is the
not enough to kill a willow tree outright same for those who receive frequent checkups
D) where air pollution is not especially severe, as for those who do not
predators have much more impact on leaf- D) people with chronic illnesses generally receive
beetle populations than parasites do medical checkups more frequently than people
who are not chronically ill

When mercury-vapor streetlights are used in areas You’ve probably had the experience. After racking your
inhabited by insect-eating bats, the bats feed almost brain for hours to solve a problem, you finally put it

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exclusively around the lights, because the lights attract aside and move on to other things. Then, much later,
flying insects. In Greenville, the mercury-vapor seemingly out of nowhere— perhaps while showering
streetlights are about to be replaced with energy- or driving—the answer suddenly strikes you.
saving sodium streetlights, which do not attract insects. Psychologists call this the “Eureka effect,” from the
This change is likely to result in a drop in the ancient Greek word meaning “I have found it,”
population of insect-eating bats in Greenville, since as he ran naked from his bathtub through
. the streets of Syracuse upon suddenly solving a vexing
physics problem.
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) the bats do not begin to hunt until after Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
sundown the conventions of SE? (Standard English)
B) the bats are unlikely to feed on insects that do A) which Archimides is said to have shouted
not fly B) what Archimides is said to shout
C) the highway department will be able to replace C) that Archimides shouted, it is said
mercury-vapor streetlights with sodium street D) which Archimides ut us said had shouted
lights within a relatively short time and

.
without disrupting the continuity of lighting at
the locations of the streetlights
D) in the absence of local concentrations of the
flying insects on which bats feed, the bats
expend much more energy on hunting for
food, requiring much larger quantities of
insects to sustain each bat

Modern scientists and philosophers are unlikely to be Good teachers want their students to do well, but

Platonic idealists. Today, we can understand the origin getting students to respond is not always easy. Simple

of abstract concepts without having to believe that they suggestions work occasionally, but not often enough.

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come from a higher, physically inaccessible reality. We Reasoning sometimes works, too, but explaining the
simply need to understand make inferences. logical nuances of behavioral standards and
too often falls on deaf ears.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of SE? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) the process by which our brains the conventions of SE?

B) our brain’s process by which they A) is often time-consuming

C) the process by which our brain’s B) are often time-consuming
D) the process by which our brain C) is consuming time
D) consume time

Most educators and psychologists agree that, as a Although scientists have always been interested in
teaching tool, reward is generally better than data, modern biologists are increasingly becoming

punishment, but many psychologists also believe that, “information scientists.” Biological information science
is the study of how chemical signals govern life
occasionally, rewards can be as

.
processes. The most familiar biomolecular code is of
punishment. The introduction of a reward system, like
gold stars on an attendance sheet or extra recess time course DNA, the blueprint of life.

for good behavior, can change the nature not only of Another biochemical code tells a fertilized egg how to
the desired behavior, but also of the student-teacher differentiate into scores of unique cell types— heart,

relationship. muscle, bone, nerve, gland, blood—that assemble

themselves into organs, which in turn assemble

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to themselves into a complex organism.
the conventions of SE? Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to

A) harmful, if not more so, than the conventions of SE?

B) harmful as, if not more harmful than, A) serving as the chemical compound for
C) harmful, if not more harmful, than B) this is the chemical compound serving as

D) equally harmful, if not more harmful than, C) the chemical compound that serve as
D) which is the chemical compound that is
serving as

Aesthetic experiences are not as rare as you might Few people have had as strong an impact on an
think. If you have ever felt yourself swept away in the industry as what Charlie Chaplin had on the world of

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sensuous experience of a sports event, a musical film. an impoverished London family, Chaplin
performance, a film, a sunset, or a have had an crossed the Atlantic and became a pioneer in silent
aesthetic experience. Look around again. Do any comedic movies.
objects in your field of vision provoke an aesthetic
experience? Is it skill, beauty, expression, Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
communication, compelling form, or all of the above the conventions of SE?
that make these art for you? Or is it some other quality, A) Born in 1889 into
such as originality or creativity, that makes these B) He was born in 1889 into
objects or experiences stand out as art? C) Being born in 1889 into
D) He was born in 1889 of
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to
the conventions of SE?

A) painting: you
B) painting; you
C) painting you
D) painting, you

Several experiments have demonstrated that “pay-to- Scholars today are not sure whether Appalachian

read” programs, where students are given money or English belongs to the category of European dialects or

gift credits to read books, have surprisingly American dialects. Really, most American dialects are

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negative effects on literacy. Such programs do get collections of many influences, the Appalachian
students to “read” more books, but the kind of reading dialect seems unique.
they do is not ideal. Students tend to read superficially
and only to get the reward. In follow-up studies, these Which choice completes the text with the most logical
students show not only lower reading skills but also transition?
less desire to read. , the reward system turns A) but
reading from a fun activity into drudgery. Students B) however
think, if reading is such a rewarding experience, why do C) thereby
they need to pay us to do it? D) significantly

Which choice completes the text with the most logical

transition?

A) Nevertheless
B) Evidently
C) However
D) lastly

During the black powder era of the 1700s, silk was the Coffee plants were first discovered growing naturally in
material of choice to ward off injury or death from a Africa; hundreds of years ago. The plants grew under a
black powder ball. Black powder propelled lead balls wide canopy of forests, which protected the coffee

were much slower than present-day bullets, and silk plants’ tender leaves from the burning sun. As coffee

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was sometimes fairly effective protection against was introduced to other countries, growers would
weapons at longer ranges. During World War II, the naturally attempt to simulate the plants’ preferred
“flak jacket” was developed as a protective device. , natural habitat. coffee plantations all over
the best this attire could do was to protect the wearer the world could be found growing successfully in the
from shrapnel, not from the bullets themselves. shade of tall trees. These trees provided more than
shade for coffee plants; they were also home and
Which choice completes the text with the most logical protection for many species of birds, reptiles, insects,
transition? and other plants.

A) Soon
B) Nevertheless Which choice completes the text with the most logical

C) Unfortunately transition?

D) Therefore A) Nevertheless,
B) Despite this,
C) As a result,
D) Even more so,

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

● In 1851, German American artist Emanuel Leutze painted Washington Crossing the Delaware.
● His huge painting (149 × 255 inches) depicts the first US president crossing a river with soldiers in the
Revolutionary War.

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● In 2019, Cree artist Kent Monkman painted mistikôsiwak (Wooden Boat People): Resurgence of the
People.

● Monkman’s huge painting (132 × 264 inches) was inspired by Leutze’s.

● It portrays Indigenous people in a boat rescuing refugees.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two paintings. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A. Monkman, a Cree artist, finished his painting in 2019; Leutze, a German American artist, completed his in
1851.
B. Although Monkman’s painting was inspired by Leutze’s, the people and actions the two paintings portray
are very different.
C. Leutze’s and Monkman’s paintings are both huge, measuring 149 × 255 inches and 132 × 264 inches,
respectively.
D. Leutze’s painting depicts Revolutionary War soldiers, while Monkman’s depicts Indigenous people and
refugees.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any

other module in the test.

Math
22 QUESTIONS

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DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is
permitted for all questions.
NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.
REFERENCE

.
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from
the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer
for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get
credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no
answers circled.

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For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your
answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything
written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters
(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters
for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
● If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters
for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
● If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)
or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled
answer

If 𝑥 + 3 = 11, what is 𝑥 + 9 ? 𝑇(𝑚) = 4𝑚 + 20

A) 17 The function 𝑇 defined above models the temperature,
B) 20 in degrees Celcius (◦ 𝐶)
, of the fluid in a beaker after 𝑚
C) 23 minutes of heating. Based on the model, what is the
D) 33 predicted temperature of the fluid after 11 minutes of
heating?
◦
24( 𝐶)
A)

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◦
B) 31( 𝐶)
◦
What is the positive solution of |2𝑥 − 6| = 9 ? C) 35( 𝐶)
◦
D) 64( )
𝐶

Which of the following is equivalent to Several values of the linear function 𝑓 are shown in the
(2𝑢 + 1)(4𝑢 + 3)? table below.
A) 6𝑢 + 4
2
B) 6𝑢 + 9𝑢 + 4
2
C) 8𝑢 + 3
2
D) 8𝑢 + 10𝑢 + 3

Which of the following could represent 𝑓 ?

A) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 5(5𝑥 − 2)
B) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 5(5𝑥 − 3)

. C) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 5(𝑥 + 2)
D) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 5(𝑥 − 3)

2
A rectangle has width 𝑤 inches and area 𝐴 square 20𝑥 − 13𝑥 + 2 = 0
inches. The length, in inches, of the rectangle is 3 less What is one value of 𝑥 that satisfies the equation
than twice the width. Which of the following equations above?
represents A in terms of 𝑤 ?
2
A) 𝐴 = 2𝑤 − 3𝑤
2
B) 𝐴 = 2𝑤 + 3𝑤
2 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4
C) 𝐴 = 3𝑤 − 2𝑤
2𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 = 8

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2
D) 𝐴 = 3𝑤 + 2𝑤 In the system of equations above, 𝑎 is a constant. If the
system has infinitely many solutions, what is the value
of 𝑎 ?

.
What is the sum of the measures of the interior angles
The graph of the function 𝑓 is represented in the 𝑥𝑦
of pentagon ABCDE above?
-plane above. Which of the following points indicates ◦
A) 360
𝑓(− 4) = 3 ? ◦
B) 540
A) Point A ◦
C) 720
B) Point B ◦
D) 900
C) Point C
D) Point D

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 What is the 𝑥-intercept of the graph of 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 24 in

6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 16 the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

If (𝑥, 𝑦) is the solution to the given system of equations, A) (12,0)

what is the value of 𝑦 ? B) (6,0)

A) -4 C) (4,0)

B) 1 D) (2,0)

C) 2
D) 4

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How many values of 𝑥 satisfy the equation 𝑥 + 2 = 𝑥?

A) None
B) One
C) Two
D) More than two

The side opposite the right angle in the triangle above

has length 𝑎. What is the value of 𝑎 ?

The piecewise-defined function ℎ is defined by ℎ(𝑥) = 2 for 𝑥 ≤ 0 and ℎ(𝑥) =− 1 for 𝑥 > 0. Which of the following
represents the graph of 𝑦 = ℎ(𝑥) in the 𝑥𝑦-plane?

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A) B)

C) D)

𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 − 0. 4
The given function models the approximate age, in years, of a particular species of oak tree with an 𝑥-inch trunk
diameter, where 𝑥 > 2. Which of the following is the best interpretation of 𝑓(15) = 89. 6 in this context?

A) An oak tree with a 15-inch trunk diameter is approximately 89.6 years old.
B) An oak tree with an 89.6-inch trunk diameter is approximately 15 years old.
C) The trunk diameter of an oak tree that is 15 years old is increasing at a rate of 89.6 inches per year.
D) The trunk diameter of an oak tree that is 89.6 years old is increasing at a rate of 15 inches per year.

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𝑥
The function 𝑓 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 75(0. 5) . Which of To study amoebae in pond water, a student completely
the following best describes the point (0, 𝑓(0)) in the 𝑥𝑦 filled two cube-shaped containers with samples of

-plane? pond water. When filled, the first container held 27

A) It is the 𝑥-intercept of the graph of the function cubic centimeters of pond water. The length of each

𝑓. side of the second container was twice the length of

B) It is the 𝑦-intercept of the graph of the each side of the first container. How many cubic
function 𝑓. centimeters of pond water did the second container
C) It is the minimum value of the function 𝑓. hold when filled?
D) It is the maximum value of the function 𝑓 A) 54
B) 108
C) 216
D) 729

A truck rental company charges a flat fee of $84.99 for The volume of a right circular cylinder is 768 cubic
renting a truck and $0.99 for every ten miles driven. inches, and the base of the cylinder has an area of 64

.
Chantel paid a total of $205.77 for a rental truck. If 𝑥 is square inches. What is the height, in inches, of the
the number of miles that Chantel drove the truck, cylinder?
which of the following equations represents this A) 10
situation? B) 12

A) 205. 77 = 84. 99𝑥 + 0. 99 C) 14

B) 205. 77 = 84. 99𝑥 + 0. 099 D) 16
C) 205. 77 = 84. 99 + 0. 99𝑥
D) 205. 77 = 84. 99 + 0. 099𝑥

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During a sports tournament, teams compete during 4

rounds of play. There are 16 teams competing during
the first round of the tournament. At the end of each
round, half of the teams competing will be eliminated
from the tournament. If 𝑟 teams remain in the
tournament after 𝑥 rounds of play, which of the
following gives 𝑟 in terms of 𝑥 ?
𝑥
A) 𝑟 = 1
2
(16 )
16
B) 𝑟 = 1
𝑥
2
𝑥
C) 𝑟 = 16( 12)
1
D) 𝑟 = 16𝑥 2
The scatterplot in the 𝑥𝑦-plane above shows nine data
points. Of the following, which best approximates an
equation for a line of best fit (not shown) for the data?

A) 𝑦 = 1. 35𝑥 + 21
B) 𝑦 = 0. 85𝑥 + 50
C) 𝑦 =− 0. 85𝑥 + 21

.
D) 𝑦 =− 1. 35𝑥 + 188

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module

in the test.

286
Digital SAT Tests

Math
22 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is
permitted for all questions.

NOTES
Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x) is a real number.

REFERENCE

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.

The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

287
Digital SAT Tests

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from
the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer
for each question. If you change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get
credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no
answers circled.
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your
answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
● Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit for anything
written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer.

● If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
● Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters
(including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
● If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters
for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
●

●
.
If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters
for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3½ 2 ), write it as an improper fraction (7/2)
or its decimal equivalent (3.5).
● Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled
answer

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The scatterplot above shows the relationship between the distance run, in miles, and the time, in minutes, for
seven runners. Of the following, which includes the most appropriate linear model for the data?

.
A) B)

C) D)

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A ruby-bearing rock sample weighing 1.36 metric tons was collected. On average, each metric ton of ruby-bearing
rock yields approximately 250 grams of rubies. At this rate, approximately how many grams of rubies will the
1.36-metric-ton sample yield?

A) 90
B) 183
C) 340
D) 3,400

Jacqueline is planning to sell gumballs from machines Jacqueline is planning to sell gumballs from machines
she placed in front of 4 stores at no cost. She spent she placed in front of 4 stores at no cost. She spent
$520 to purchase 4 empty gumball machines and $520 to purchase 4 empty gumball machines and
10,000 gumballs. (Assume there is no tax.) 10,000 gumballs. (Assume there is no tax.)

Jacqueline expects to sell a total of 500 gumballs per If Jacqueline sells each gumball for $0.25, how many

A) 5
.
week. At this rate, how many weeks will it take to sell all
the gumballs from her initial gumball purchase?
gumballs must she sell to receive an amount of money
equal to her total initial cost for the 4 empty gumball
machines and the 10,000 gumballs?

B) 19 A) 21
C) 20 B) 130
D) 13 C) 400
D) 2,080

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Jacqueline is planning to sell gumballs from machines

she placed in front of 4 stores at no cost. She spent
$520 to purchase 4 empty gumball machines and
10,000 gumballs. (Assume there is no tax.)

Jacqueline’s profit is the difference between her total

revenue from selling gumballs and her total initial cost
for the 4 empty gumball machines and the 10,000
gumballs. If she sells each gumball for $0.25 and she
The table above shows the number of students at High
sells 𝑥 gumballs, which of the following functions 𝑃 School A and High School B by grade. What fraction of
gives her profit? the students in High School A are in the 9th grade?

A) 𝑃(𝑥) = 0. 25𝑥 − 520 A)

131
276
B) 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 520 131
0.25 B)
567
C) 𝑃(𝑥) = 520 − 0. 25𝑥 131
C)
1,197
D) 𝑃(𝑥) = 520 − 𝑥

.
0.25 276
D) 1,197

A length of 520 meters is equal to how many

decimeters? (1 meter = 10 decimeters)

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4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 20

𝑦 =− 8
If (𝑥, 𝑦) is the solution to the system of equations
above, what is the value of 𝑥 ?

The graph above shows the amount of money, in

dollars, that Jon earned on 15 of the 16 days he worked
during the month of April. The money Jon earned on
one of the two Sundays he worked is missing from the
graph. The combined amount Jon earned on the two
Sundays he worked was $20 more than the combined
amount he earned on the two Mondays he worked.

.
How much did he earn on Sunday that is missing from
the graph?

A) $65
In triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 above, what is the value of 𝑦 ? B) $70

A) 30 C) $75

B) 40 D) $80

C) 50
D) 60

5 2
If 12𝑥 − 36 =− 6, what is the value of 𝑥 − 3 ? 3𝑥 − 2𝑥
A) -2 − 3𝑥
5
− 2𝑥
2

B) − 1
2
Which of the following is equivalent to the sum of the
C) 1
two expressions above?
2
D) 2
A) 0
B) − 4𝑥
2

C) 6𝑥
5

D) 6𝑥 − 4𝑥
5 2

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2
𝑓(𝑥) =− 3𝑥 + 24𝑥 − 36 In the system of equations below, 𝑎 is a constant.
The function 𝑓 is defined by the equation above. In 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 9
which of the following equivalent forms of the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 2
does the maximum value of 𝑓(𝑥) appear as a constant For which value of 𝑎 will the system of equations have
or coefficient? no solution (𝑥, 𝑦) ?
A) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 3𝑥 + 18𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 36 A)
2
− 4
3
B) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 3𝑥(𝑥 − 6) + 6(𝑥 − 6) B) − 3
4
2
C) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 3(𝑥 − 4) + 12 C) 3
4

D)
4

D) 𝑓(𝑥) =− 3(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 6) 3

What is the result when 840 is increased 25 percent? On Arbor Day this year, a young dawn redwood tree
was planted. A botanist predicts that the tree’s height
on Arbor Day next year will have increased 125% of its
height when it was planted. If ℎ represents the tree’s

. height when planted, which of the following represents

the botanist’s predicted height of the tree on Arbor Day
next year?

For the linear function 𝑓, the table above shows several A) 0. 25ℎ

values of 𝑥 and their corresponding values of 𝑓(𝑥). The B) 1. 25ℎ

function 𝑔 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑏 is a C) 2. 25ℎ

constant. If 𝑔(𝑥) > 𝑓(𝑥) for all values of 𝑥, which of the D) 12. 25ℎ

following could be the value of 𝑏 ?

A) 2
B) 1
C) 0
D) -1

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2𝑥 𝑥 𝑝 = 5(𝑛 − 1) + 20
4𝑥−6 − 2𝑥−3 =0
The equation above represents the total number 𝑝 of
How many solutions does the equation above have?
athletes inducted into a hall of fame by the end of its 𝑛
A) None
th induction ceremony. If a total of 85 athletes have
B) One
been inducted, how many induction ceremonies have
C) Two
occurred?
D) Infinitely many

2 2 2 2
𝑥 +𝑦 = 9 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 36

𝑦 =3 −𝑥 The equation above defines a circle in the 𝑥𝑦-plane.

If (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) is a solution to the system of equations above, What is the radius of the circle?
1 1

what is a possible value for 𝑦 ?

1

.
The table above shows the distribution of a board game’s pieces categorized by type and color. Each piece
represents a product, a building, or a site on which a building can be constructed.
Each purple building piece is either larger or small. All the other building pieces are small. If 10% of all building
pieces in the game are large, how many of the purple building pieces in the game are small?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module

in the test.

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Digital Practice
Tests

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