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Chapter 6 - Linear Inequalities

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Chapter 6 - Linear Inequalities

Uploaded by

importalgodgaming
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 6

LINEAR INEQUALITIES

Rules for solving inequalities


The following rules can be applied to any inequality
 Add or subtract the same number or expressions to both sides.
 Multiply or divide both sides by the same positive number.
 By multiplying or dividing with the same negative number, the
inequality is reversed.
a<b implies b>a
a<b implies –a>-b
a<b implies 1/a >1/b
x2≤a2 implies x≤a and x≥-a

Recall
x = 0 is y axis
y=0 is x axis
x=k is a line parallel to y axis passing through (k,0)of x axis.
y=k is a line parallel to x axis and passing through (0,k)of y axis.

Procedure to solve a linear inequality


o Simplify both sides by removing group symbols and collecting like
terms.
o Remove fractions by multiplying both sides by an appropriate
factor.
o Isolate all variable terms on one side and all constants on the
other side.
oMake the coefficient of the variable 1 and get the solution
(whenever coefficient of x is negative multiply through out by -1 so
that the ineqality is reversed.
Eg -2x ≥ 5
2x ≤ -5
x ≤-5/2
x ≤ -2.5 therefore solution is (-∞,-2.5]
Note: If x≥ 0, y≥0 is given in question every point in the shaded
region in the first quadrant including the points on the line and the
axis, represents the solution of the given system of ineqalities.

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Method to find Graphical Solution
• Draw lines corresponding to each equation treating it as equality
• Find the Feasible Region – intersection of all the inequalities
Steps to find Feasible region
Step 1: Take any point on the left (down) or right (up) of the line and
substitute that in the given inequality.
Step 2: If the point satisfies the inequality, the region containing that
point is the required region. Otherwise opposite region is the
required region.
Step 3: If inequality is of the type ≥ , ≤ then the points on the line are
also included in the solution region, so draw dark lines.
Step 4: If inequality is of the type >, < then the points on the line are not
included in the solution region, so draw dotted lines

Note: For the following in equation x ≥ 2, substitute the point (0,0) (left side) in x ≥ 2. Then
we get 0≥2 which is false. Therefore right side is the required region.

Shade the region corresponding to the inequation x≥2


Y

Xl 0 1 2 3 X

X=2

Y l

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Y
Solve graphically: x+y≤4; 2x+y≤6; x,y≥0
(0,6)
x 0 4 x 0 6
y 4 0 y 3 0

(0,4)
C 2x + y = 6

B (2,2)

x+y=4

O A (4,0)
(3,0) X

Solve graphically
x + y  400
2x+y
 600

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Consider x+y=400

x 0 400
y 400 0

Consider 2x+y=600

X 0 300
y 600 0

(0,600)

(0,400)
C 2x + y = 60

B (200,200)
Feasible
region x + y = 400

O A (400,0)
(300,0) X

x + y ≤ 20
360x + 240y ≤ 5760

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Consider x+y=20
x 0 20
y 20 0

Consider 3x+2y=48 (Dividing


throughout by 120)
X 0 16
y 24 0

(0,24)

(0,20)
C
3x +2 y = 48

B (8,12)

Feasible
region x + y = 20

O A (20,0)
(16,0) X

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Solve graphically:
• 200X + 100Y ≥ 4000
• X + 2Y ≥ 50

Consider 2x+y=40

X 0 20
y 40 0

Consider x+2y=40

X 0 50
y 25 0

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Y

C
(40,0) Feasible
Region

(0,25)
B (10,20)

X+2y=50
2x+y=40

O A X
(20,0) (50,0)

Solve graphically:
x+3y ≤ 12
3x+y ≤ 12

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Y

(0,12)

3x + y = 12

(0,4)

C (3,3)
B
Feasible x +3 y = 12
region

O
(4,0) A (12,0) X

Solve graphically:
x/10 +y/20 ≥ 14
3/50 x+1/10 y ≥ 14

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Consider 2x+y=280

X 0 140
y 280 0

Consider 3x+5y=700

X 0 233.3
y 140 0

C
(0,280)

Feasible
Region
(0,140)

B (10,20)

3X+5y=700
2x+y=280

O A X
(140,0) (233.3,0)

Ex 6.1

1to 4 (1 mark)

11 to 15, 16**, 18**, 20**, 22**, 24**, 25**,26**

eg 15**

Ex 6.3

(8 to 15)**

eg 16**
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eg17**

Misc Ex

4*, 5*,6*, 8*, 9*, 10*, (11 to 14)**

EXTRA /HOT QUESTIONS

1) Solve i) 5x-2 - 7x-3 > x


3 5 4
ii) 2x-3 +8 ≥ 2 + 4x
4 3
iii) 2-3x < 1-x <3+4x
5 3 2
2) Solve graphically
i) 2x+y ≥ 3, x-2y ≤ -1, x≥0, y≥0
ii) x+4y ≤ 4, 2x+3y ≤ 6, x≥0, y≥0
iii) x+y ≥ 1, x ≤ 5, y ≤ 4, 2x +3y ≤ 12, x≥0, y≥0
3) The water acidity in a pool is considered normal when the average pH
reading of 3 daily measurements is between 8.2 and 8.5. If the first two
pH readings are 8.48 and 8.35, find the range of pH value for the third
reading that will result in the acidity level being normal
4) In the first 4 papers each of hundred marks Ravi got 90, 75, 73, 85 marks.
If he wants an average of greater than or equal to 75 marks and less than
80 marks, find the range of marks she should score in the fifth paper.
5) The longest side of a triangle is 3 times the shortest side and the third side
is 2 cm shorter than the longest side. If the perimeter of the triangle is
atleast 61 cm find the minimum length of the shortest side.

Answers

1) i) (4,∞)
ii) (-∞, 63/10]
iii) (¼ , ∞)
3 Between 7.77 and 8.67
4 More than or equal to 52 but less than 77
5 9 cm

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